Download - The APA System of Documentation

The APA System of The APA System of DocumentationDocumentation

Darren 9410097ADarren 9410097A

Benny 9410099ABenny 9410099A

Pablo 9410905APablo 9410905A

Parenthetical Parenthetical documentation: Author-documentation: Author-date (APA)date (APA)

APA format in citationAPA format in citation

author’s name + date of publicationauthor’s name + date of publication

last name onlylast name only

Ex: Lily Allen 2004Ex: Lily Allen 2004

Allen(2004) found that all the students Allen(2004) found that all the students considered peer response helpful in regard to considered peer response helpful in regard to audience perspective and idea development. audience perspective and idea development.

A study found that all the students A study found that all the students considered peer response helpful in regard to considered peer response helpful in regard to audience perspective and idea development audience perspective and idea development (Allen, 2004).(Allen, 2004).

Citation needs no page number.Citation needs no page number.

Quotation needs page Quotation needs page numbernumber With regard to students’ With regard to students’

attitudes towards peer response, attitudes towards peer response, research also shows mixed research also shows mixed findings (Huang, 1995, p. 4).findings (Huang, 1995, p. 4).

abbreviation p. One pageabbreviation p. One page

pp. More than one pp. More than one pagepage

10a-1 Examples of APA in-10a-1 Examples of APA in-text citations to bookstext citations to books

a.a. One work by a single authorOne work by a single authorEx: Potter (2003) found that writing teachers Ex: Potter (2003) found that writing teachers

tend to be careless, exhausted or insensitive; tend to be careless, exhausted or insensitive;

their comments are unhelpful and confusing.their comments are unhelpful and confusing.

In a recent study (Potter, 2003), writing In a recent study (Potter, 2003), writing

teachers tend to be careless, exhausted teachers tend to be careless, exhausted

or insensitive; their comments are unhelpful or insensitive; their comments are unhelpful

and confusing.and confusing.

b. Subsequent b. Subsequent referencesreferences

In a study (Humphrey, 2001), In a study (Humphrey, 2001), obesity has a strong possibility to obesity has a strong possibility to cause high blood pressure. cause high blood pressure. HumphreyHumphrey also found that… also found that…

c. One work by two c. One work by two authorsauthors

According to Brown and Austin According to Brown and Austin (2007), the greenhouse effect is (2007), the greenhouse effect is getting worse throughout the world.getting worse throughout the world.

A study showed that A study showed that greenhouse effect is getting worse greenhouse effect is getting worse throughout the world (Brown & throughout the world (Brown & Austin, 2007).Austin, 2007).

d. One work by three to d. One work by three to five authorsfive authors

First time-First time-

Baker ,David, Holland, Spears Baker ,David, Holland, Spears (1999) indicated that….(1999) indicated that….

Second time-Second time-

Baker Baker et al. et al. (1999) also found…(1999) also found…

e. Work by six or more e. Work by six or more authorsauthorsBenet, Hudson, Benet, Hudson, ThomasThomas, Allen, and Shang , Allen, and Shang

(2001)(2001)

andand

Benet, Hudson, Benet, Hudson, HongHong, Allen, and Shang (2001), Allen, and Shang (2001)

Benet, Hudson, Benet, Hudson, ThomasThomas, et al. (2001), et al. (2001)

andand

Benet, Hudson, Benet, Hudson, HongHong, et al. (2001), et al. (2001)

f. Corporate authorf. Corporate author A committee, an institution, a corporation, a A committee, an institution, a corporation, a

government government

agency.agency.

First time-First time-

(The Child Welfare League Foundation [CWLF], 2005)(The Child Welfare League Foundation [CWLF], 2005)

Second time- (CWLF, 2005)Second time- (CWLF, 2005)

(Yale University, 2003) (Yale University, 2003)

do not use abbreviationdo not use abbreviation

(Fedex express, 2007)(Fedex express, 2007)

g. Works by an g. Works by an anonymous author or no anonymous author or no authorauthor

anonymous (Anonymous, 2004)anonymous (Anonymous, 2004)

No author information write the first two or No author information write the first two or three words from the articlethree words from the article

Ex: One study shows that the number of women in Ex: One study shows that the number of women in

their forties returning to college continues to their forties returning to college continues to

grow(“New educational horizons,” 2002).grow(“New educational horizons,” 2002).

Court cases italic. Ex: (Court cases italic. Ex: (Baker v. CarrBaker v. Carr, 1962), 1962)

h. Authors with the h. Authors with the same surnamesame surname

Two or more authors with the same Two or more authors with the same surnamesurname

Ex: Jessica Ann Simpson(1980) Ex: Jessica Ann Simpson(1980)

Ashlee Nicole Simpson(1985)Ashlee Nicole Simpson(1985)

J. A. J. A. Simpson (1980) and Simpson (1980) and A. N. A. N. Simpson (1985) studied both aspects Simpson (1985) studied both aspects of….of….

i. Two or more works i. Two or more works in the same in the same parenthesesparentheses The same author has two or more The same author has two or more

papers to support the same points.papers to support the same points.

Ex: Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006) Ex: Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006) showed ….showed ….

oror

Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006, Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006, in in presspress) revealed….) revealed….

If the author has different papers If the author has different papers published in the same year published in the same year cited as a, b, c, and so oncited as a, b, c, and so on

Ex: According to these studies (Shang, Ex: According to these studies (Shang, 2002a, 2002b, in press) the obstacles of 2002a, 2002b, in press) the obstacles of ….….

Cited according to the authors’ alphabet-Cited according to the authors’ alphabet-use use semicolonssemicolons to separate the names to separate the names

Ex: (Ex: (AliceAlice & Banks, 1980 & Banks, 1980; Bree; Bree, 1980, 1980;; LewisLewis & Barker, 1981) found that ….& Barker, 1981) found that ….

j. References to specific j. References to specific parts of a sourceparts of a source

Page number, figure number, and Page number, figure number, and table numbertable number

Ex: (Smith & White, 1999, pp. 25-Ex: (Smith & White, 1999, pp. 25-30)30)

(Spear, 2001, Fig. 5)(Spear, 2001, Fig. 5)

(Table 2.4, p. 8)(Table 2.4, p. 8)

k. Personal k. Personal communicationscommunications

Letters, e-mail, and telephone conversations Letters, e-mail, and telephone conversations can not be references. only in textcan not be references. only in text

Ex: (M. Shang, Ex: (M. Shang, personal communicationpersonal communication, , November 21, 2008)November 21, 2008)

oror

M. Shang (M. Shang (personal communicationpersonal communication, , November 21, 2008) approved that peer November 21, 2008) approved that peer feedback can enhance students’ writing feedback can enhance students’ writing ability.ability.

l. Citation as part of a l. Citation as part of a parenthetical commentparenthetical comment

If a citation is a comment, If a citation is a comment, commas are better to set the commas are better to set the date.date.

Ex: (See Appendix A of JenkinsEx: (See Appendix A of Jenkins,, 19831983,, for additional proof.) for additional proof.)

10a-2 Avoiding clutter in the 10a-2 Avoiding clutter in the texttext

Ex: A study found that the weakness of listening Ex: A study found that the weakness of listening English programs is not able to improve listening English programs is not able to improve listening ability (Smith, 1994). (Brady, 1995; Kingston, ability (Smith, 1994). (Brady, 1995; Kingston, 1997; Powter, 2000) also revealed the same 1997; Powter, 2000) also revealed the same result.result.

In 1994 Smith found that the weakness of In 1994 Smith found that the weakness of listening English programs is not able to improve listening English programs is not able to improve listening ability. Brady (1995), Kingston (1997), listening ability. Brady (1995), Kingston (1997), Powter (2000) also revealed the same result.Powter (2000) also revealed the same result.

10b Format for 10b Format for “Reference” (APA)“Reference” (APA)

1.1. Start the references on a new page.Start the references on a new page.

2.2. Center the title “References” one Center the title “References” one double-space down from the running double-space down from the running head.head.

3.3. Cite only the sources you actually Cite only the sources you actually used in the paper, not sources you used in the paper, not sources you consulted.consulted.

4.4. List titles by the same author List titles by the same author chronologically, not alphabetically.chronologically, not alphabetically.

5. Indent the second and subsequent lines of 5. Indent the second and subsequent lines of each entry five spaces.each entry five spaces.

Volman, M. (1997). Gender-related effects of Volman, M. (1997). Gender-related effects of

information and computer literacy information and computer literacy

education. education. Journal of Curriculum StudiesJournal of Curriculum Studies, ,

2929(3), 315-328.(3), 315-328.

6. Place a period followed by one space between 6. Place a period followed by one space between all of the elements in each entry.all of the elements in each entry.

7. Italicize the titles of books, periodicals, and 7. Italicize the titles of books, periodicals, and volume numbers.volume numbers.

10b-1 General order for 10b-1 General order for books in “ References”books in “ References”

1.1. The name of the author.The name of the author.

2.2. The year of publication.The year of publication.

3.3. The title of the book in italic.The title of the book in italic.

4.4. The place of publication.The place of publication.

5.5. The name of the publisher.The name of the publisher.

Wright, W. A., Hwerwis, E. M., & Abernethy, B. Wright, W. A., Hwerwis, E. M., & Abernethy, B. (2001). (2001).

Learning through writing: a compendium of Learning through writing: a compendium of

assignments and techniques. assignments and techniques. Halifax, Canada: Halifax, Canada:

Dalhousie University.Dalhousie University.

10b-2 Sample reference to 10b-2 Sample reference to booksbooks

a. Book by s single authora. Book by s single author

Weisberger, L. (2006). Weisberger, L. (2006). The devil wears pradaThe devil wears prada. New . New

York: Harper Collins.York: Harper Collins.

b. Book by two or more authorsb. Book by two or more authors

Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007). Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007).

Writing the research paperWriting the research paper (7th ed.). (7th ed.). Boston: Boston:

Thomson Wadsworth.Thomson Wadsworth.

*If more than 6 editors: et al*If more than 6 editors: et al

Jones, E., & Terman, L. M., & Merrill, M. A., & Jones, E., & Terman, L. M., & Merrill, M. A., & Castuera, I. O., & Johnson, T. H., & Phillips, J. M., Castuera, I. O., & Johnson, T. H., & Phillips, J. M., et alet al..

c. Edited bookc. Edited bookFriedman,R. J., & Katz, M. M. Friedman,R. J., & Katz, M. M. (Eds.)(Eds.). (1974). . (1974). The The

psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and

research.research. New York: Wiley. New York: Wiley.

*Citing an article from an edited book*Citing an article from an edited book

Waxer, P. (1979). Therapist training in nonverbal Waxer, P. (1979). Therapist training in nonverbal behavior.behavior.

In A. wolfgang (Ed.)In A. wolfgang (Ed.), , Nonverbal behavior:Nonverbal behavior: Applications Applications

and cultural implicationsand cultural implications (pp. 221-240)(pp. 221-240). New York: . New York:

Academic Press.Academic Press.

d. Translated bookd. Translated bookRank, O. (1932). Rank, O. (1932). Psychology and the soulPsychology and the soul (W. Turner, (W. Turner,

Trans.)Trans.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania

Press.Press.

e. Book in a foreign languagee. Book in a foreign language Saint-ExupSaint-Exupéry, A. de. (1939). éry, A. de. (1939). Terre des hommesTerre des hommes

[Earth [Earth

of men].of men]. Paris: Gallimard. Paris: Gallimard.

f. Revised edition of a bookf. Revised edition of a book Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007). Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007).

Writing the research paperWriting the research paper (7th ed.).(7th ed.). Boston: Boston:

Thomson Wadsworth.Thomson Wadsworth.

g. Book by a corporate authorg. Book by a corporate author Committee of Public FinanceCommittee of Public Finance. (1959). . (1959). Public Public

financefinance. .

New York: Pitman.New York: Pitman.

*the corporate author = publisher*the corporate author = publisher

Commission on Intergovernmental RelationsCommission on Intergovernmental Relations. . (1955). (1955).

Report to the presidentReport to the president. Washington, DC: . Washington, DC: AuthorAuthor..

h. Multivolume bookh. Multivolume bookReusch, J. (1980). Communication and psychiatry. Reusch, J. (1980). Communication and psychiatry.

In H. In H.

I. Kaplan, A. M. freedman, & B. J. Saddck (Eds.), I. Kaplan, A. M. freedman, & B. J. Saddck (Eds.),

Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Vol. 1.Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Vol. 1.

Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

*Being published for several years*Being published for several years

Reusch, J. (1980-1985).Reusch, J. (1980-1985).

i. Unpublished manuscripti. Unpublished manuscriptLopez, M. R. (2006). Lopez, M. R. (2006). Health problems of Health problems of

immigrants in immigrants in

San Bernardino County.San Bernardino County. Unpublished Unpublished manuscript.manuscript.

10b-3 General order for 10b-3 General order for periodicals in “Reference”periodicals in “Reference”

1.1. Author’s nameAuthor’s name

2.2. Year of publicationYear of publication

3.3. Title (no “” or italic)Title (no “” or italic)

4.4. Name of journal or magazine, Name of journal or magazine, in in italicitalic

5.5. Volume number, Volume number, in italicin italic

6.6. Page number (no p. or pp.) Page number (no p. or pp.)

10b-4 Sample reference to 10b-4 Sample reference to periodicalsperiodicalsa. Journal article, one authora. Journal article, one authorZamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing.Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing.TESOL TESOL Quarterly, 19Quarterly, 19, 79-102., 79-102.

b. Journal article, up to six authorsb. Journal article, up to six authorsMartin, N., & Brandt, D. (1989). Response to writing as a Martin, N., & Brandt, D. (1989). Response to writing as a context for learning to write. context for learning to write. Journal of Basic Writing, 17Journal of Basic Writing, 17, , 3-17.3-17.

c. Journal article, paginated anew in each issuec. Journal article, paginated anew in each issueKung, C. C. (1991). The effects of different note-taking Kung, C. C. (1991). The effects of different note-taking strategies on learning achievement by tenth-grade earth strategies on learning achievement by tenth-grade earth science students. (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State science students. (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 1990. University, 1990. Dissertation AbstractsDissertation Abstracts International, 52, International, 52, (3-A), 792-793. (3-A), 792-793.

d. Journal with continuous pagination throughout d. Journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volumethe annual volume

Anthony, R. G., & Smith, N. S. (1997). Ecologiccal Anthony, R. G., & Smith, N. S. (1997). Ecologiccal

relationships between mule deer and white-tailed relationships between mule deer and white-tailed deer in deer in

southeastern Arizona. southeastern Arizona. Ecological Monographs, 47Ecological Monographs, 47, , 255-255-

277.277.

e. Magazine article, magazine issued monthlye. Magazine article, magazine issued monthly

*needing to put *needing to put year and monthyear and monthKernan, M. (Kernan, M. (2001, October2001, October). Head’s up: From a ). Head’s up: From a

computer-computer-

generated model, sculptors cast a bronze triceratops generated model, sculptors cast a bronze triceratops that that

looks like the real thing. looks like the real thing. SmithsonianSmithsonian, 34-36., 34-36.

f. Magazine article, magazine issued on a f. Magazine article, magazine issued on a specific dayspecific day

Kalfayou, M. (1997, NovemberKalfayou, M. (1997, November 55). As a womwan sees it: ). As a womwan sees it: Honk for domestic violence. Honk for domestic violence. The American ObserverThe American Observer, ,

3.3.

g. Newspaper articleg. Newspaper articleNeihu, J. (2008, December 6). Johnny Neihu’s news Neihu, J. (2008, December 6). Johnny Neihu’s news

watch: watch: Japan and the chicom cape fear. Japan and the chicom cape fear. Taipei TimesTaipei Times, , p.8p.8. .

h. Editorialh. EditorialGuion, R. M. (1983). Comments from the new editor Guion, R. M. (1983). Comments from the new editor [Editorial][Editorial]. . Journal of Applied Psychology, 68Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 547., 547. *no title*no title

Guion, R. M. (1983). Guion, R. M. (1983). [Editorial][Editorial]. . Journal of Applied Journal of Applied Psychology, 68Psychology, 68, 547., 547.

i. Letter to the editori. Letter to the editorRedgrave, L (2006, May/June). All the right movies Redgrave, L (2006, May/June). All the right movies

[[Letter to the editorLetter to the editor]. AARP, ]. AARP, p. 6p. 6..

*no title*no title

Redgrave, L (2006, May/June). [Redgrave, L (2006, May/June). [Letter to the editorLetter to the editor]. ].

AARP, AARP, p. 6p. 6..

j. Reviewj. ReviewBoorstein, J. K. (1983, November/December). On Boorstein, J. K. (1983, November/December). On

welfare [welfare [review of the article Dilemmas of review of the article Dilemmas of welfare welfare

policy: Why work strategies haven’t workedpolicy: Why work strategies haven’t worked]. ].

SocietySociety, , pp. 120-122pp. 120-122..

10b-5 Sample references to 10b-5 Sample references to electronic sourceselectronic sources

1. Author1. Author2. Data (year-month-day)2. Data (year-month-day)3. Title (no “”)3. Title (no “”)4.Source, 4.Source, in italicin italic5.The word 5.The word retrievedretrieved and and fromfrom Example:Example:Tharoor, S. (2008, December 6). Indians facing a Tharoor, S. (2008, December 6). Indians facing a conundrum over Mumbai attack. conundrum over Mumbai attack. Taipei TimesTaipei Times. . RetrievedRetrieved December 6, 2008, December 6, 2008, FromFrom http://www. http://www. taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008 /12/06/2003430410/12/06/2003430410

a. Abstract onlinea. Abstract onlineXu, J. (2008). Model of secindary sachool students’ Xu, J. (2008). Model of secindary sachool students’

interest in homework: A multilevel analysis. interest in homework: A multilevel analysis.

ProQuestProQuest. . AbstractAbstract retrieved December 6, 2008, retrieved December 6, 2008,

from http://proguest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&sidfrom http://proguest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&sid

=3&srchmode=2&vinst=PROD&fmt=2&startpage=-=3&srchmode=2&vinst=PROD&fmt=2&startpage=-

1&clientid=48072&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=161&clientid=48072&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=16

07386481&scaling=FULL&ts=1228585352&vtype=07386481&scaling=FULL&ts=1228585352&vtype=

PQD&rqt=309&TS=1228585366&clientID=48072PQD&rqt=309&TS=1228585366&clientID=48072

b. CD-ROMb. CD-ROMPsychoanalysis. (2002). Psychoanalysis. (2002). Microsoft Encarta ReferenceMicrosoft Encarta Reference

LibraryLibrary [CD-ROM]. Seattle, WA: Microsoft [CD-ROM]. Seattle, WA: Microsoft

Corporation.Corporation.

c. Computer programc. Computer programDragon NaturallySpeaking (version 9, preferred Dragon NaturallySpeaking (version 9, preferred

edition edition

for Windows) [computer software]. (2006) for Windows) [computer software]. (2006)

Burlington, MA: Nuance, Inc.Burlington, MA: Nuance, Inc.

d. Corporate websited. Corporate websiteIDG, Inc. (2001). IDG, Inc. (2001). Report: Job cut in 2001 reach nearly Report: Job cut in 2001 reach nearly

2 million2 million. Retrieved January 4, 2002, from http://. Retrieved January 4, 2002, from http://

idg.net/idg.net/

e. E-maile. E-mailMcCuen, J. (2001,march 21). Give genius a chance McCuen, J. (2001,march 21). Give genius a chance

[Msg 12]. Message posted to http://group.......[Msg 12]. Message posted to http://group.......

f. FTP sourcef. FTP sourceZeleznikar, A. P. (1997, March 2). Informational theory of Zeleznikar, A. P. (1997, March 2). Informational theory of consciousness. consciousness. Informatica: An Internet Journal of Informatica: An Internet Journal of

Computing Computing and Informatics, 21and Informatics, 21, 3. Retrieved May 4, 2002, from , 3. Retrieved May 4, 2002, from

ftp://ftp.ftp://ftp.

arnes.si/magazines/informatica/vol21_3.97arnes.si/magazines/informatica/vol21_3.97 g. Gopherg. GopherJordan, Z. P. (1995, July 7). Telecommunications green Jordan, Z. P. (1995, July 7). Telecommunications green

paper. paper. The The ministry of posts, telecommunications and ministry of posts, telecommunications and

broadcastingbroadcasting. . Retrieved July 17, 2002, from gopher://gopher.....Retrieved July 17, 2002, from gopher://gopher.....

Gopher→Gopher→

h. Government websiteh. Government websiteLiberaray of Congress. (1999, July 9). Liberaray of Congress. (1999, July 9). Official U.S. Official U.S.

executive executive

branch web sitesbranch web sites. Retrieved April 6, 2002, from http://. Retrieved April 6, 2002, from http://

www… www…

i. Electronic mailing list (Listserv)i. Electronic mailing list (Listserv)Pyatt, E. J. (2001, Setember 24). RE: Everson typography. Pyatt, E. J. (2001, Setember 24). RE: Everson typography.

The Celtic Lingustics ListThe Celtic Lingustics List. Retrieved January 5, 2002, . Retrieved January 5, 2002,

from http://listserv....from http://listserv....

j. MOOs and MUDs (synchronous communication)j. MOOs and MUDs (synchronous communication)Miami University, Oxford, OH. Basic MOO buliding Miami University, Oxford, OH. Basic MOO buliding

commands. Retrieved Setember 15, 2002, from http://commands. Retrieved Setember 15, 2002, from http://

miavx1….miavx1….

k. Online bookk. Online bookGreen, E. C. (1997). Green, E. C. (1997). Southern strategies:Southern strategies: Southern women Southern women

and the women suffrage questionand the women suffrage question. Chapel Hill, NC: . Chapel Hill, NC:

University of North Carolina Press. University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved October 3, Retrieved October 3,

2002, from http://www....2002, from http://www....

l. Online databasel. Online databaseHuang, S. (2008, December 6). Doctors link fat heart Huang, S. (2008, December 6). Doctors link fat heart

muscles to Fabry’s disease. muscles to Fabry’s disease. Taipei TimesTaipei Times. Retrieved . Retrieved from from

http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/

12/06/200343042112/06/2003430421

m. Online Dictionarym. Online DictionaryTricky. (2001). Tricky. (2001). Online Etymology DictionaryOnline Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved . Retrieved

Devember 6, 2008, from Devember 6, 2008, from http://www.etyonline.com/indexhttp://www.etyonline.com/index

.php?term=trick.php?term=trick

n. Online encyclopedian. Online encyclopediaWashington, George. (2001). Washington, George. (2001). WikimediaWikimedia. Restrieved . Restrieved

December 6, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December 6, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

George_WashingtonGeorge_Washington

o. Online magazine article – author listedo. Online magazine article – author listedMiller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1 Miller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1

reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse. reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse.

ZDNet NewsZDNet News. Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://. Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://

blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=359blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=359

*if the article has been published in print*if the article has been published in printMiller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1 Miller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1

reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse. reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse.

[[Electronic versionElectronic version]. ]. ZDNet NewsZDNet News. Retrieved December . Retrieved December 6, 6,

2008, from http://blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=3592008, from http://blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=359

p. Onlone magazine article – no author listedp. Onlone magazine article – no author listedThe Consumers’ League of New York. (2004, January). The Consumers’ League of New York. (2004, January).

Consumers’ cooperative societies in New York State. Consumers’ cooperative societies in New York State.

Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.gutenbergRetrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.gutenberg

.org/dirs/1/0/8/0/10808.txt.org/dirs/1/0/8/0/10808.txt

q. Telnet = BBS (Example - telnet://bbs.isu.edu.tw )q. Telnet = BBS (Example - telnet://bbs.isu.edu.tw )Asimov, I. (1991, May 22). Of butterflies and the origain of Asimov, I. (1991, May 22). Of butterflies and the origain of

the species. San Francisco chronicle. Retrieved January 5, the species. San Francisco chronicle. Retrieved January 5,

2002, from telent://nyplgate.nypl.org2002, from telent://nyplgate.nypl.org

r. Usenet r. Usenet Peterson, B. (1994, January 11). Re:Bob Marley discography. Peterson, B. (1994, January 11). Re:Bob Marley discography.

Message posted to http://group....Message posted to http://group....

s. Website – author listeds. Website – author listedSauve, D. (1998). The brief biography of Harry Crews. Sauve, D. (1998). The brief biography of Harry Crews.

Alarge Alarge

& startling figure& startling figure. Restrieved December 6, 2008, . Restrieved December 6, 2008, from from

http://www.harrycrews.com/http://www.harrycrews.com/

t. Website – no author listedt. Website – no author listedHawaiian Airlines (2008). Color of Hawaii. Restrieved Hawaiian Airlines (2008). Color of Hawaii. Restrieved

December 6, 2008, from December 6, 2008, from http://www.hawaiianair.com/http://www.hawaiianair.com/

SpecialOffers/Pages/colors-of-hawaii-autumn.aspxSpecialOffers/Pages/colors-of-hawaii-autumn.aspx

u. Message posted to a groupu. Message posted to a group1. List full-name1. List full-name

2. Exact date2. Exact date

3. Subject & [additional identifier], 3. Subject & [additional identifier], no italicno italic

4. Typing 4. Typing Message posted toMessage posted to

ExampleExample

Osborne, D. (2006, September 12). Help in Osborne, D. (2006, September 12). Help in recruiting recruiting

AV helpers [weekly forum]. AV helpers [weekly forum]. Message posted Message posted toto

http://www....http://www....

Sample References toSample References to Non-print MaterialsNon-print Materials

Films & Audio RecordingFilms & Audio Recording

10b-610b-6

a. Motion Picturea. Motion Picture

Wei, D. S. (Producer), & Wei, D. S. (Director). Wei, D. S. (Producer), & Wei, D. S. (Director). (2008). Cape No. 7 [Motion Picture]. Taipei, (2008). Cape No. 7 [Motion Picture]. Taipei, Taiwan.Taiwan.

→ → Always specify the medium in brackets Always specify the medium in brackets to avoid confusionto avoid confusion

b. Audio Recordingb. Audio Recording

Cassette, record, tape, compact discCassette, record, tape, compact disc

Flowers, B. (Speaker). (2008). Day & Flowers, B. (Speaker). (2008). Day & Age (Tape audio recording No. 777). Age (Tape audio recording No. 777).

London: Stuart Price.London: Stuart Price.

Sample References to Sample References to Special ItemsSpecial Items

Government Documents, Legal References, & A ReportGovernment Documents, Legal References, & A Report

10b-710b-7

Sample References to Special ItemsSample References to Special Items

Definition:Definition:

Source that can not be supplied for every Source that can not be supplied for every possibility.possibility.

Follow the order:Follow the order:

(1) Person or organization responsible for the (1) Person or organization responsible for the workwork

(2) Year(2) Year

(3) Title(3) Title

(4) Identifying code(4) Identifying code

(5) Place of origin(5) Place of origin

(6) publisher(6) publisher

a. Government Documentsa. Government Documents

(i) Congress(i) CongressU.S. Cong. House. (1997). U.S. Cong. House. (1997). US. Assistance US. Assistance

programs in Thailandprograms in Thailand. 109th Cong., 3rd . 109th Cong., 3rd sess. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.sess. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

(ii) Executive branch(ii) Executive branchObama, B. (2009). Obama, B. (2009). State of the union addressState of the union address. .

Washington, DC: U.S. GPOWashington, DC: U.S. GPO

b. Legal Referencesb. Legal References

(i) Court case(i) Court case

Order: (1) plaintiff v. defendant (in roman)Order: (1) plaintiff v. defendant (in roman)

(2) volume, name, page of law (2) volume, name, page of law reported cited reported cited

(3) the name of the court that (3) the name of the court that decided the case decided the case

Tom v. Jerry. 567 S.W.2d 924 (Tex. Civ. App. 2008)Tom v. Jerry. 567 S.W.2d 924 (Tex. Civ. App. 2008)


(ii) Statute or laws(ii) Statute or laws

commonly known: the simple the bettercommonly known: the simple the betterUS. Const. Art. III, sec. 2.US. Const. Art. III, sec. 2.

Securities Act of 1933, U.S. U.S. Const. Art. III, sec. 2. 15 U.S.C. § Securities Act of 1933, U.S. U.S. Const. Art. III, sec. 2. 15 U.S.C. § 78j. (1964)78j. (1964)

lesser-known: supply additional lesser-known: supply additional informationinformation

90 U.S. Statutes at Large. 505 (1976)90 U.S. Statutes at Large. 505 (1976)

Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Part I, sec. 112 (a)Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Part I, sec. 112 (a)

Energy Conservation and Production Act, Title I, Part A, sec. 101, 42 Energy Conservation and Production Act, Title I, Part A, sec. 101, 42 USC 6901, 1976USC 6901, 1976


(iii) Treaty(iii) Treaty

Technical Cooperation Agreement Between the Technical Cooperation Agreement Between the Government of the Royal Kingdom of Saudi Government of the Royal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Government of the United Arabia and the Government of the United States of America. (1976). States of America. (1976). Treaties and Other Treaties and Other International Agreements.International Agreements. Vol. 26, Part 1, Vol. 26, Part 1, TAIS No. 8072. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.TAIS No. 8072. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

c. A Reportc. A Report

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (1983). Development. (1983). Assessing the impacts Assessing the impacts of technology in societyof technology in society (Report No. CSOS-R-(Report No. CSOS-R-292).292). Washington, DCL U.S. GPO Washington, DCL U.S. GPO

Sacramento, CA: Sacramento, CA: Author.Author.

Identifying words & Identifying words & codecode

10c10c

Writing the AbstractWriting the Abstract

The Summary of the Major IdeasThe Summary of the Major Ideas

AbstractAbstract

Link and condense the main ideasLink and condense the main ideas Use no more than 120 wordsUse no more than 120 words Falls on Page 2, after the title paperFalls on Page 2, after the title paper With a running head (simplified title) With a running head (simplified title)

and page numberand page number Put Put ““AbstractAbstract”” in the center one inch in the center one inch

from the top from the top

AbstractAbstract

Example:Example:

Effects of Peer Feedback 2

Abstract

Until recently, the………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……. The conclusion is that ……………………………………………………...

10d10d

Finished Form of the Finished Form of the PaperPaper

The Conventional Requirements of the Finished APA PaperThe Conventional Requirements of the Finished APA Paper

10d-110d-1

Two kinds of APA papers:Two kinds of APA papers:

(1) Theoretical paper (1) Theoretical paper

(2) Empirical paper(2) Empirical paper

Theoretical Theoretical PaperPaper

Requirements of the theoretical paperRequirements of the theoretical paper

Introduction Introduction –– problem and thesis problem and thesis

Body Body –– experts experts’’ comments comments

Conclusion Conclusion –– possible solution possible solution

Empirical Empirical PaperPaper

Requirements of the empirical paperRequirements of the empirical paper

Introduction - subject Introduction - subject

Body - methods and resultsBody - methods and results

Conclusion Conclusion –– results and findings results and findings

10d-2 10d-2 Appearance of the final Appearance of the final copycopy Neat and crispNeat and crisp No handwritten paperNo handwritten paper 88½½ × 11-inch paper × 11-inch paper DonDon’’t use staple, nor folder: t use staple, nor folder: simply clip the simply clip the

papers togetherpapers together DonDon’’t use half sheets or strips of paper taped t use half sheets or strips of paper taped

or stapled to the pagesor stapled to the pages

10d-2 10d-2 Appearance of the final Appearance of the final copycopy

Margins and spacing:Margins and spacing:

(1) Allow one-inch margin all around the paper(1) Allow one-inch margin all around the paper

(2) Use a ragged margin(2) Use a ragged margin

(3) Double-space everything in the paper(3) Double-space everything in the paper

(4) The result should below 27 lines per page(4) The result should below 27 lines per page

Font: 12-point sized Times New RomanFont: 12-point sized Times New Roman


Page numbers and headersPage numbers and headers

(1) Number pages in upper right corner(1) Number pages in upper right corner

(2) Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3)(2) Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3)

(3) Header precede the page number(3) Header precede the page number

(4) Type 5 spaces after the header(4) Type 5 spaces after the header

(5) No hyphens (-), parenthesis, periods, or (5) No hyphens (-), parenthesis, periods, or other characters follow the numbersother characters follow the numbers


Paragraphing and indents:Paragraphing and indents:

(1) Use normal paragraphing(1) Use normal paragraphing

(2) 5 space (half-inch) indentation at the start (2) 5 space (half-inch) indentation at the start of each new paragraphsof each new paragraphs

(3) Indent long quotations also (without (3) Indent long quotations also (without quotation marks)quotation marks)

a. Outline a. Outline

APA does not specifically require an APA does not specifically require an outline. outline.

If you want to write, consult 4b and 4c.If you want to write, consult 4b and 4c.

b. Title Page b. Title Page –– The First The First Page Page

Page header and nuPage header and numbermber Running headRunning head

Peer Feedback 1

Running head: PEER FEEDBACK

The Effect of Peer Feedback on Writing Proficiency

Kuo, Pablo

I-SHOU University

(1) Page number and header at the top right in every page(2) 5 spaces between header and number

(1)No more than 50 characters(2)Running head appears in all-

capital letters after the words “Running head” and a colon (:)

(3)Start left margin on the first line below the page header and number

(1)Double-space and center the title

(2)Student’s full name centered on page

(3)Name of college or university

c. Abstract c. Abstract –– the second the second pagepage

Shortly summarizes the gist of the paperShortly summarizes the gist of the paper

Not over 120 wordsNot over 120 words

Center the title Center the title Abstract Abstract 1 inch down 1 inch down from the pagefrom the page

DonDon’’t intent the first line of the abstract t intent the first line of the abstract

Peer Feedback 3

The Effect of Peer Feedback on the Development of Writing Proficiency

Section Headings 1

text…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Section Heading 2

text…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Section Heading 3

text…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Repeat the title and center Repeat the title and center it.it.

Start the text on the next Start the text on the next double-spaced line, and intent double-spaced line, and intent it.it.

Use heading centered on the Use heading centered on the page to identify sections (if you page to identify sections (if you have), and separate by have), and separate by quadruple-spaced (4 lines) from quadruple-spaced (4 lines) from the previous section to the next the previous section to the next section.section.A heading should at least A heading should at least followed by two lines of text.followed by two lines of text. Otherwise, start the heading in Otherwise, start the heading in the next page.the next page.

d. Text d. Text –– the third the third papagege

e. Content Notes and e. Content Notes and EndnotesEndnotes

Definition: other material that is Definition: other material that is relevant to the text but without relevant to the text but without interruption.interruption.

Content notes and notes are:Content notes and notes are:

(1) Double-spaced between notes(1) Double-spaced between notes

(2) Single-spaced within notes(2) Single-spaced within notes

(1) Use elevated numerals to refer to the content note(2) Put the number at the end of a sentence

Indent 5 spaces at the first line of each

note

e. Content Notes and e. Content Notes and EndnotesEndnotes

Double-spaced between notes

Single-spaced within notes

(1)Use the word Note in Italics to add explanation to a table or illustration.

(2)Followed with a period. (Note.)

(3)Place the note directly under the illustration.

f. Illustrations: Tables and figuresf. Illustrations: Tables and figures

Title and number in Arabic numbers above

the tablePlace the source after

Note.

To avoid confusion with notes to the text, use

different symbols.

(i) Tables

f. Illustrations: Tables and figuresf. Illustrations: Tables and figures

(ii) Figures: (ii) Figures:

Name the non-table illustration “Figure”, and number it.

Title the figure and capitalize only the first word

If the figure is too big, put it on a different page and title the page

“Appendix”. Center the word “Appendix” and put the figure below

g. Use of Numbersg. Use of Numbers

Follow the rules:Follow the rules: Use Arabic numerals: Use Arabic numerals:

a.a. worksworks’’ volumes, books, parts, and chapters; Plays volumes, books, parts, and chapters; Plays ’’ acts, acts, scenes, and lines ; poetryscenes, and lines ; poetry’’s cantos, stanzas, and lines.s cantos, stanzas, and lines.

b. 10↑, 4b. 10↑, 4½½ (do not write (do not write ““four and a halffour and a half””))

c. Give all numbers of a rangec. Give all numbers of a range (e.g., 222-333)(e.g., 222-333)

d. Use commas d. Use commas (e.g., 23,000,000)(e.g., 23,000,000)

g. Use of Numbersg. Use of Numbers

Use words to express numbers:Use words to express numbers: a. Numbers less than ten but not for a. Numbers less than ten but not for

measurements: five measurements: five studentsstudents

b. Common fractions: b. Common fractions: ¼¼ → one-fourth → one-fourth c. If the number begin the sentencec. If the number begin the sentence d. When 0 and 1 used aloned. When 0 and 1 used alone

Combine words and numerals: $10 Combine words and numerals: $10 billionbillion

h. Using the Right Tenseh. Using the Right Tense

Past or past perfect tense: when citing worksPast or past perfect tense: when citing works

Obama (2008) have suggested thatObama (2008) have suggested that……

Present tense: when discussing the resultsPresent tense: when discussing the results

The conclusion of the paper offers the educators toThe conclusion of the paper offers the educators to……

i. Bibliography i. Bibliography –– the end of the paper the end of the paper

Separate page at the end of the Separate page at the end of the paperpaper

Heading Heading ““ReferencesReferences”” in the in the centercenter

Hanging indentation

10e. Peer Review Checklist10e. Peer Review Checklist

Ask another student to check your Ask another student to check your paper with the checklist in P. 224.paper with the checklist in P. 224.

10f Submitting your paper electronically10f Submitting your paper electronically

Follow your instructorFollow your instructor’’s directions s directions carefullycarefully

DonDon’’t forget to produce a readable t forget to produce a readable paperpaper

Download - The APA System of Documentation

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