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© SEL 2017Copyright © SEL 2017
Niraj ShahSPS Branch of SEL Engineering Services Inc.
POWERMAX® [ˈpou (ə)r ˈmaks] noun: a system designed to maintain stability
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• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction
• POWERMAX – Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A)
• POWERMAX – Simulators
• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction
Agenda
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• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction
• POWERMAX – Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A)
• POWERMAX – Simulators
• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction
Agenda
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What Is POWERMAX?
HMI /SCADA
IDDS GCS A25A andTie Flow
High-SpeedLoad
SheddingEngineering Management
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Subcycle (Fast)
Grid-Tied Operation
Islanded Operation
Synchronization Systems
Automatic Decoupling
Load Shedding
Controller
Relay
Status Trip
POWERMAX Operation
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POWERMAX Applications and Goals
Power Management System (PMS)
Heavy Industries
Blackout Prevention
Process Survivability
Remedial Action Scheme (RAS)
Utilities
Blackout Prevention
Wide-Area Schemes
Efficiency
Security
Microgrid
Small Communities
Resiliency
Economics
Renewables
Speed of Operation
Adaptive Protection
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Controller Provides Many Features
Hardware
Dual Ethernet
No Moving Parts
Substation Graded
Self-Diagnostics
2 ms Scan
Multithread Processing
Linux OS
Software
IEC 61131 Interface
MIRRORED BITS®
Web HMI
Modbus RTU / IP
DNP3 / IP
SEL Protocols
IEC 61850
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All High-Priority Controller Tasks Must Execute Each Operating Cycle
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Fast and Scalable Architectures Are Required
Controller Scan Time: 2 ms
Controller Scan Time: 2 ms
Controller Scan Time: 2 ms
Central FEPScan Time: 2 ms
20 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms
200 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms
1,000 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms
Small (
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Redundancy
All dual systems can be hot, standby, or dual primary
DependabilitySecurity
Complexity and Cost
Single Dual
DualTMR
TMR
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RedundantHMI Servers
RedundantGateways
RedundantControllers
Engineering Work Station
HistorianServers
HMIWorkstations / Clients
Event / SOEServer
SynchrophasorServerFirewall
Corporate Networks
Redundant PMS LAN
SEL-3355SEL
SEL-3530SEL
SEL-3355SEL
SEL-3530SEL
SEL-3555SEL
SEL-3555SEL
SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL
SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL
SEL-3530SEL
SEL-3530SEL
AxionSEL
Primary FEP
Backup FEP
Axion Field I/O
SEL Relays
SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A
SEL SEL-751A
Substation A
SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL
SEL-3530SEL
SEL-3530SEL
AxionSEL
Primary FEP
Backup FEP
Axion Field I/O
SEL Relays
SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A
SEL SEL-751A
Substation B
SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL
SEL-3530SEL
SEL-3530SEL
AxionSEL
Primary FEP
Backup FEP
Axion Field I/O
SEL Relays
SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A
SEL SEL-751A
Substation ...n
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• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction
• POWERMAX – Functionalities (LSP)
• POWERMAX – Simulators
• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction
Agenda
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POWERMAX Functions
HMI /SCADA
IDDS GCS A25A andTie Flow
High-SpeedLoad
SheddingEngineering Management
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• Power system frequency stability Shed the correct amount of load
Quickly shed load
• Process survivability Intelligently select loads that minimize the
effect on the production process
High-Speed Load SheddingObjectives
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• Subcycle speed
• Dual primary mechanism
• Primary CLSP
• Backup UFLSP / ICLT
• Asset overload shedding• Multiple simultaneous
contingencies• SOEs and event records• Backup Web HMI
SEL Load SheddingFeatures
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• System contingencies Tie line
Bus tie
Generator breaker
Turbine trip
Asset overload
• Primary load shedding• Blackout prevention• Fastest – independent• Decision based on
topology, contingency and load calculations
Contingency Load Shedding
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Contingency Breaker Opening Is Determined by 52A and 52B Limit Switches
Closed
Open52B52A
52A 52B
SPINDLE
Limit Switch in “CLOSE”
position
Limit Switch in “OPEN” position
Flow of Current
Breaker in “CLOSE” condition
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Contingency-Based Load-Shedding System
Trigger SignalsTrigger Signals
Load Trip Load Trip
SignalsSignals
Contingency BreakersContingency Breakers
Load Load
SelectionSelection
Sheddable LoadsSheddable Loads
Load PriorityLoad Priority
5252 A and A and 5252 B B Contact StatusesContact Statuses
Crosspoint Crosspoint
SwitchSwitch
Contingency Contingency Detection Detection
Contingency Contingency
Calculation Calculation
ContingencyContingency
MW ValueMW Value
ContingencyContingencyBreaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status
Breaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status Required to Required to
Shed MWShed MW
IRM Set Points IRM Set Points
Breaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status
MW ValueMW Value
Bus TopologyBus Topology
Load Topology TrackingLoad Topology Tracking
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Required to Shed (kW)
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n = contingency (event) number
m = number of sources (generators) in system
g = generator number, 1 through m
Ln = amount of load selected for n event (kW)
Pn = power disparity caused by n event (kW)
IRMng = incremental reserve margin of all generators (sources) remaining after n event (kW)
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 = 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 −� 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑛=1
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Typical CLSP Contingency Screen
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SEL CLSP Crosspoint Switch Screen
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SEL CLSP Load Screen
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Operation Example – Multiple Contingencies
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Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Integrator
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Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Screen
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Backup – Underfrequency Load Shedding
Why ?
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Strategy: Keep Frequency at NominalBall in a Bowl Analogy
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• Dynamically selects loads (only active loads to shed)• Incorporates load consumption (MW) into selection• Tracks power system topology• Selects correct amount of load to shed for every
underfrequency threshold• Sheds less load with better impact• Easily changes priority of sheddable load
Advantages of POWERMAX UFLSP
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• Detection logic monitors frequency and asserts underfrequency trigger
• Signal conditioning logic in UFLSP protects against chatter
• Event calculation logic calculates load shed for each event
• Crosspoint logic determines load trip signals
UFLSP Algorithm
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UFLSP Screen
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60
58
57
59
Frequency (F)
Time
Normal Operation
Load Shed
Blackout
L3F2
F2
L2F1
L1F1
F1
Macrogrid
Complex Grid
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Inertia-Compensated Load SheddingDo It Right!
Traditional Failure
Inertia-Compensated Success
Load Shed ~ H • DFDT = 4 • 2 = 8 MWLoad Shed ~ H • DFDT = 8 • 1 = 8 MW
MW Load to Shed
DFDTF 59
4 8
58
< 0.5
1280.5–1.0
> 1.0 12 16
2 4
8
8 12
Microgrid
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Questions?
Slide Number 1AgendaAgendaWhat Is powerMAX?powerMAX OperationPOWERMAX Applications and GoalsController Provides Many FeaturesAll High-Priority Controller Tasks Must Execute Each Operating CycleFast and Scalable Architectures Are Required�RedundancySlide Number 11AgendapowerMAX FunctionsHigh-Speed Load Shedding�Objectives SEL Load Shedding�Features Contingency Load SheddingContingency Breaker Opening Is Determined by 52A and 52B Limit SwitchesSlide Number 18Required to Shed (kW)Typical CLSP Contingency ScreenSEL CLSP Crosspoint Switch ScreenSEL CLSP Load ScreenOperation Example – Multiple ContingenciesProactive Overload Load-Shedding IntegratorProactive Overload Load-Shedding ScreenBackup – Underfrequency Load SheddingStrategy: Keep Frequency at Nominal�Ball in a Bowl AnalogyAdvantages of POWERMAX UFLSPUFLSP AlgorithmUFLSP ScreenInertia-Compensated Load Shedding�Do It Right!Questions?