© SEL 2017Copyright © SEL 2017

Niraj ShahSPS Branch of SEL Engineering Services Inc.

POWERMAX® [ˈpou (ə)r ˈmaks] noun: a system designed to maintain stability

• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction

• POWERMAX – Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A)

• POWERMAX – Simulators

• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction

Agenda

• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction

• POWERMAX – Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A)

• POWERMAX – Simulators

• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction

Agenda

What Is POWERMAX?

HMI /SCADA

IDDS GCS A25A andTie Flow

High-SpeedLoad

SheddingEngineering Management

Subcycle (Fast)

Grid-Tied Operation

Islanded Operation

Synchronization Systems

Automatic Decoupling

Load Shedding

Controller

Relay

Status Trip

POWERMAX Operation

POWERMAX Applications and Goals

Power Management System (PMS)

Heavy Industries

Blackout Prevention

Process Survivability

Remedial Action Scheme (RAS)

Utilities

Blackout Prevention

Wide-Area Schemes

Efficiency

Security

Microgrid

Small Communities

Resiliency

Economics

Renewables

Speed of Operation

Adaptive Protection

Controller Provides Many Features

Hardware

Dual Ethernet

No Moving Parts

Substation Graded

Self-Diagnostics

2 ms Scan

Multithread Processing

Linux OS

Software

IEC 61131 Interface

MIRRORED BITS®

Web HMI

Modbus RTU / IP

DNP3 / IP

SEL Protocols

IEC 61850

All High-Priority Controller Tasks Must Execute Each Operating Cycle

Fast and Scalable Architectures Are Required

Controller Scan Time: 2 ms

Controller Scan Time: 2 ms

Controller Scan Time: 2 ms

Central FEPScan Time: 2 ms

20 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms

200 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms

1,000 RelaysScan Time: 2 ms

Small (

Redundancy

All dual systems can be hot, standby, or dual primary

DependabilitySecurity

Complexity and Cost

Single Dual

DualTMR

TMR

RedundantHMI Servers

RedundantGateways

RedundantControllers

Engineering Work Station

HistorianServers

HMIWorkstations / Clients

Event / SOEServer

SynchrophasorServerFirewall

Corporate Networks

Redundant PMS LAN

SEL-3355SEL

SEL-3530SEL

SEL-3355SEL

SEL-3530SEL

SEL-3555SEL

SEL-3555SEL

SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL

SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL

SEL-3530SEL

SEL-3530SEL

AxionSEL

Primary FEP

Backup FEP

Axion Field I/O

SEL Relays

SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A

SEL SEL-751A

Substation A

SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL

SEL-3530SEL

SEL-3530SEL

AxionSEL

Primary FEP

Backup FEP

Axion Field I/O

SEL Relays

SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A

SEL SEL-751A

Substation B

SEL-2730MSEL SEL-2730MSEL

SEL-3530SEL

SEL-3530SEL

AxionSEL

Primary FEP

Backup FEP

Axion Field I/O

SEL Relays

SEL SEL-751ASEL SEL-751A

SEL SEL-751A

Substation ...n

• POWERMAX – Power Management System Introduction

• POWERMAX – Functionalities (LSP)

• POWERMAX – Simulators

• MOTORMAX – LV Motor Management System Introduction

Agenda

POWERMAX Functions

HMI /SCADA

IDDS GCS A25A andTie Flow

High-SpeedLoad

SheddingEngineering Management

• Power system frequency stability Shed the correct amount of load

Quickly shed load

• Process survivability Intelligently select loads that minimize the

effect on the production process

High-Speed Load SheddingObjectives

• Subcycle speed

• Dual primary mechanism

• Primary CLSP

• Backup UFLSP / ICLT

• Asset overload shedding• Multiple simultaneous

contingencies• SOEs and event records• Backup Web HMI

SEL Load SheddingFeatures

• System contingencies Tie line

Bus tie

Generator breaker

Turbine trip

Asset overload

• Primary load shedding• Blackout prevention• Fastest – independent• Decision based on

topology, contingency and load calculations

Contingency Load Shedding

Contingency Breaker Opening Is Determined by 52A and 52B Limit Switches

Closed

Open52B52A

52A 52B

SPINDLE

Limit Switch in “CLOSE”

position

Limit Switch in “OPEN” position

Flow of Current

Breaker in “CLOSE” condition

Contingency-Based Load-Shedding System

Trigger SignalsTrigger Signals

Load Trip Load Trip

SignalsSignals

Contingency BreakersContingency Breakers

Load Load

SelectionSelection

Sheddable LoadsSheddable Loads

Load PriorityLoad Priority

5252 A and A and 5252 B B Contact StatusesContact Statuses

Crosspoint Crosspoint

SwitchSwitch

Contingency Contingency Detection Detection

Contingency Contingency

Calculation Calculation

ContingencyContingency

MW ValueMW Value

ContingencyContingencyBreaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status

Breaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status Required to Required to

Shed MWShed MW

IRM Set Points IRM Set Points

Breaker Close StatusBreaker Close Status

MW ValueMW Value

Bus TopologyBus Topology

Load Topology TrackingLoad Topology Tracking

Required to Shed (kW)

19

n = contingency (event) number

m = number of sources (generators) in system

g = generator number, 1 through m

Ln = amount of load selected for n event (kW)

Pn = power disparity caused by n event (kW)

IRMng = incremental reserve margin of all generators (sources) remaining after n event (kW)

𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛 = 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 −� 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

𝑚𝑚

𝑛𝑛=1

Typical CLSP Contingency Screen

SEL CLSP Crosspoint Switch Screen

SEL CLSP Load Screen

Operation Example – Multiple Contingencies

23

Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Integrator

Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Screen

Backup – Underfrequency Load Shedding

Why ?

Strategy: Keep Frequency at NominalBall in a Bowl Analogy

• Dynamically selects loads (only active loads to shed)• Incorporates load consumption (MW) into selection• Tracks power system topology• Selects correct amount of load to shed for every

underfrequency threshold• Sheds less load with better impact• Easily changes priority of sheddable load

Advantages of POWERMAX UFLSP

• Detection logic monitors frequency and asserts underfrequency trigger

• Signal conditioning logic in UFLSP protects against chatter

• Event calculation logic calculates load shed for each event

• Crosspoint logic determines load trip signals

UFLSP Algorithm

UFLSP Screen

60

58

57

59

Frequency (F)

Time

Normal Operation

Load Shed

Blackout

L3F2

F2

L2F1

L1F1

F1

Macrogrid

Complex Grid

4

Inertia-Compensated Load SheddingDo It Right!

Traditional Failure

Inertia-Compensated Success

Load Shed ~ H • DFDT = 4 • 2 = 8 MWLoad Shed ~ H • DFDT = 8 • 1 = 8 MW

MW Load to Shed

DFDTF 59

4 8

58

< 0.5

1280.5–1.0

> 1.0 12 16

2 4

8

8 12

Microgrid

Questions?

Slide Number 1AgendaAgendaWhat Is powerMAX?powerMAX OperationPOWERMAX Applications and GoalsController Provides Many FeaturesAll High-Priority Controller Tasks Must Execute Each Operating CycleFast and Scalable Architectures Are Required�RedundancySlide Number 11AgendapowerMAX FunctionsHigh-Speed Load Shedding�Objectives SEL Load Shedding�Features Contingency Load SheddingContingency Breaker Opening Is Determined by 52A and 52B Limit SwitchesSlide Number 18Required to Shed (kW)Typical CLSP Contingency ScreenSEL CLSP Crosspoint Switch ScreenSEL CLSP Load ScreenOperation Example – Multiple ContingenciesProactive Overload Load-Shedding IntegratorProactive Overload Load-Shedding ScreenBackup – Underfrequency Load SheddingStrategy: Keep Frequency at Nominal�Ball in a Bowl AnalogyAdvantages of POWERMAX UFLSPUFLSP AlgorithmUFLSP ScreenInertia-Compensated Load Shedding�Do It Right!Questions?