Paralleling Switchgear (PSG)
GE Zenith Capabilities - Overview
2 GE Zenith Controls – Power QualityAutomatic Transfer Switch Product Training
GE Zenith Controls – Paralleling Switchgear (PSG)
• First system built in 1975
• Currently ~ 150 systems/year
• Currently building project #1280
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What is a Paralleling Switchgear System (PSG) ?
Primary Source
(Normally Energized)
Controls and switchgear, acting as a system, to manage & distribute emergency power and/or reduce energy costs thru intelligent use of local generation
Genset #1
Paralleling Breaker
Distribution Breakers
Service Entrance Breaker
ATS
Exit
Critical Loads
EmergencySystem
(Normally De-energized)
NormalSystem(Normally Energized)
Genset #2 Genset #3
UtilityBreaker
Paralleling Bus
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•Increased Backup Power Supply Capacity
– When backup supply needs are > capacity 1 Gen
•Backup Supply Redundancy
– Provides “N + 1,2,etc” redundancy. Critical loads not reliant on only 1 Genset
•Operational Flexibility – Ability to switch loads between multiple
sources (including Gensets) for maintenance & test without interrupting power to the loads
•Reduced Energy Bills– Turn on-site generation capability into an
money-saving Asset, with start/stop/loading intelligence for reduced energy & demand charges.
Key Benefits of PSG?
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•Single Genset – Single Utility Soft Load Transfer Switch
For small facility standby & distributed generation
•Multiple-Genset Standby
For Life Safety or Business Critical standby power to selected high-priority loads.
•Utility Paralleling, Peak Shaving Paralleling of Generator(s) and Utility supplies for backup of entire facility and reduced energy charges.
•Mission Critical StandbyTurning on-site generation capability into an Asset, with start/stop/loading intelligence for reduced energy & demand charges.
Typical Systems built by GE Zenith Controls
Examples of Typical GE Zenith Systems
Type 1 – Single Gen, Single Utility Soft Load Transfer Switch
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Engine
Generator
Speed Control
UtilitySupply
StandbyGenerator
BuildingLoad
GCB MCB
Single Gen, Single Utility Architecture
BuildingDist. System
Utility SupplyBreaker
Gen SupplyBreaker
(N/O) (N/C)
Soft Load Transfer Switch
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GCB MCB
Utility/PrimarySupply
Genset/BackupSupply Critical
Load
Mode:Gen
Status:UtilityStatus:
Normal OFF Energized. kW Varies.kW = FacilityLoad
GCB MCB
Standby Running.kW Varies.kW = Facility Load
Failed/Off.
SoftRe-TransferTo Utility
Running.Initial kW =Facility Load
Final kW=~10% Rated
Running.Initial kW= 0kW
Final kW=Facility Load
kW kW
Sequences of Operation – Softload Transfer Switch
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GCB MCB
Mode:Gen
Status:UtilityStatus:
BaseLoad Mode
Energized. kW Varies.kW = FacilityLoad in excessOf FixedGen kW
Running.kW Fixed.kW = Preset/Fixed(typically80-100%Genset Capacity)
Import(Export)Mode
kW
Level
Time
kW
Level
Time
kW
Level
Time
kW kW
kW
Energized. kW Fixed.kW = FixedImport orExportLevel (kW)
Running. kW Varies.kW = FacilityLoad in excessOf ImportSetpoint
GCB MCB
kW
Level
Time
kW
Level
Time
kW
Level
Time
kW kW
kW
BaseloadSetpoint
ImportSetpoint
Sequences of Operation – Softload Transfer Switch
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G E N E R A T O R U T I L I T Y
G W 4G C P
G 3 0
Generator & Utility Protection via:
GE Multilin G30 ™
Peak Shaving Control via:
Woodward GCP-32 ™
Peak Shaving Controller communications via:
Woodward GW4 ™ (Modbus)Plus:
Manual Control Switches
Safety Lockout/86 Relay
LED Status Annunciation
Control Panel – Softload Transfer Switch
LAN/WAN
Local Monitoring and email Alarm transmission via:
Enervista Viewpoint Monitoring ™
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Engine Generator
3 CT’sV (PT’S)
V (PT’S)3 CT’S
UtilitySupply
CriticalLoad
Closed Transition ATS or 5-cycle CB’s
GE Multilin G30 Relay
GCB MCB
Meter #1:Generator
SourceMetering
(GM)
Meter #2:UtilitySourceMetering(UM)
Meter #1: Utility Meter (UM) : Utility Supply kW, Energy, etc.
Peak Shaving Savings = (LM * Rate Structure) – (UM * Rate Structure)
Site Level: Peak Shave System Metering
Meter #2: Generator Meter (GM) : Generator Supply kW, Energy, etc.Virtual Meter #1: Load Meter (LM = GM + UM) {Developed in GE Aggregator ™}
GensetSupply
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Peak Shave Savings Reports – GE Aggregator™
1
2
3
Setup Utility billing structure
Setup custom site bills (showing usage or savings)
Enter Begin & End dates & create/ view bills
Export reports for printing, sending, or filing
4
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Local & Remote Access to Reports
Site Level Site Peak Shaving Control Systems w/
local GE Enervista Viewpoint™
Unlimited # Sites
LEVEL 2: Regional Energy Aggregator™
(REA)
(1 Server/~100 Sites)
LEVEL 3: Enterprise Energy Aggregator™
(EEA)
(Qty. 1)
LEVEL 4: Enterprise Energy Aggregator™
Viewers (Up to 5 concurrent
users)
G E N E R A T O R U T I L I T Y
G W 4G C P
G 3 0
GE Zenith ZTSSL
LAN or VPN
Up to~ 100 Sites
per Aggregator
Est. (6) REA’s for full 630-site configuration
…
Web Serv
er
Local data-logging by Multilin G30’s
Upload Data-Logs
“Aggregates”, or combines date from from the (6) REA servers.
View reports from EEA.
G E N E R A T O R U T I L I T Y
G W 4G C P
G 3 0
GE Zenith ZTSSL
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GE Zenith Design Recommendations
•True PQ Metering of Both Sources, including Waveform and Events Capture – for quick diagnosis of system events and outages
•Utility grade protective relaying for equipment and personnel safety - – due to extended nature of utility paralleling.
•Open protocol Modbus communications for easy facility integration
•Plug-and-Play PC Monitoring for low cost, but effective system monitoring and alarm management, including automatic email generation of any/all alarm events
•Key-lockable Control Switches for safety
•Automatic report generation for: Utility and Generator Energy supply (kWH), Demand (kW), and Peak Shave savings (based on site-specific utility rate structure).
Type 2 – Multiple Genset Standby
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Genset #1
ATS
Genset #2 Genset #3
Paralleling Bus
Multiple Genset Standby
Typical Architecture
Primary Distribution
Secondary Distribution
EmergencyPanelboard
Exit
Emergency Loads
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Genset #1
ATS
Genset #2
Typical Sequence of Operation for PSG – On loss of Utility
1 Utility Supply Fails
2 ATS Send start signal to all Gens
3 All Gens start. PSG control system monitors. 1st Gen at rated Volts & Freq is connected to the Paralleling Bus.
Paralleling Bus
5PSG Controls synchronize 2nd and 3rd Gensets to Bus (speed and volts bias to Gen Gov & AVR), and close CB’s at point of synchonism (see above).
6 PSG Controls remove xfer inhibits on lower priority ATS to permit connection to Gen system.PSG Controls shed low priority ATS if Gens are overloaded. PSG permits manual or auto re-connect.
7
X Synchronous Conditions
1 1) Volts within
+/- 10%
1
2) Phase within +/- 20 Deg
2
PSG Controls shed low priority ATS if Gens are overloaded. PSG permits manual or auto re-connect.
8
Priority 1 ATS Xfer to Gens. PSG inhibits xfer of lower priority ATS to prevent Gen overload.
4
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Typical Sequence of Operation for PSG – On Return of Utility
1 Utility Supply Returns
2 ATS’s retransfer loads to Utility, after preset time delays, and remote start commands.
3 When last ATS removes start command, PSG Controls open all Gen CB’s
4 PSG controls hold start signal to all Gens to permit cooldown at no load.
5 After cooldown timer expires, PSG controls remove start signals to Gensets.
6 Gensets shut down and remain ready for next utility outage.
Genset #1
ATS
Genset #2
Paralleling Bus
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Typical GE Zenith Configuration
Other key items (inside)
1. GE Fanuc PLC (Single or Redundant)
2. Flexible Woodward SPMA (sync) and LSM (load Sharing) modules
3. Hardwired backup switches for load add/shed
4. Backup 24 VDC power supply for system ride-thru on DC control power problems• Highly visible, LED Annunciation for instant viewing and viewing
from distance• Full manual paralleling control switches (Auto/Manual, Sync Switch,
CB Open/close, Synchroscope/V/Hz meters on swing panel)• Generator Analog Metering for best viewing of Gen & Utility
stability• Generator Protective Relay (typically Utility grade for MV, Industrial
grade for LV)
• Totalizing Power Quality Meter (PQM) with waveform & diagnostic capability
• Simple Operator Interface Panel (OIP) for setup of time delays, load add/shed, etc.
Key Items – GE Recommendation
Type 3 – Utility Paralleling, Peak Shaving
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GensetBreakers
Utility Supply
Utility Paralleling, Peak Shaving
Facility Loads
Feeder Breakers
Typical Architecture
1. Generators sized to high% of total facility loads
2. Utility CB and Gen CB’s act as a “Transfer Switch”, switching 2 sources of power to main bus in event of Utility outage.
3. Re-transfer to utility either Open or Closed Transition (typically closed)
4. Main bus is fed from 2 sources power – utility supply (primary) and generator supply (backup)
5. Bus AIC/Short circuit rating sized to capacity of utility + all Gensets.
Main
Bu
s
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Utility Paralleling - Base Loading
GCB
Utility Supply
Load k
W
Level
Time
Gen
kW
Le
vel
Time
Uti
lity
kW
Level
Time
kW
kW
kW
BaseloadSetpoint
GCB
kW
Genset Base Load:1 Utility Supply Available
2 When pre-programmed conditions for Genset starting satisfied (Utility load >x, time of day, etc) PSG Controls start Gensets, synchonize to utility supply, and close Gen CB’s.
3 PSG system controls kW on Gensets to fixed, base load level.
4 As system load varies, Utility supply kW varies to supply the load.
5 When Gen supply no longer needed, PSG Controls slowly ramp load back to utility supply and open Gen CB;s at near no-load.
5 PSG controls cooldown and shutdown Gensets.
kW
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Utility Paralleling - Import/Export
GCB
MCB
Load k
W
Level
Time
Gen
kW
Le
vel
Time
Uti
lity
kW
Level
Time
kW
kW
kW
BaseloadSetpoint
GCB
kW
Utility Import/Export:1 Utility Supply Available
2 When pre-programmed conditions for Genset starting satisfied (Utility load >x, time of day, etc) PSG Controls start Gensets, synchonize to utility supply, and close Gen CB’s.
3 PSG system controls kW on Gensets to maintain fixed kW value on Utility supply (import or export).
4 As system load varies, Genset supply kW varies to supply the load.
5 When Gen supply no longer needed, PSG Controls slowly ramp load back to utility supply and open Gen CB;s at near no-load.
5 PSG controls cooldown and shutdown Gensets.
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Typical GE Zenith Configuration
Other key items (inside)
1. GE Fanuc PLC (Single or Redundant)
2. Flexible Woodward SPMA (sync) and LSM (load Sharing) modules
3. Hardwired backup switches for load add/shed
4. Backup 24 VDC power supply for system ride-thru on DC control power problems• Highly visible, LED Annunciation for instant viewing and viewing
from distance• Full manual paralleling control switches (Auto/Manual, Sync Switch,
CB Open/close, Synchroscope/V/Hz meters on swing panel)• Full, Open transition, manual control of Utility CB• Generator Analog Metering for best viewing of Gen & Utility
stability• Generator Protective Relay (Utility grade)• Totalizing Power Quality Meter (PQM) with waveform & diagnostic
capability• Industrial Computer with graphical 1-lines, load controls,
trending, alarm management.
Key Items – GE Recommendation
Type 4 – Mission Critical Standby
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Mission Critical Standby
Typical Architecture – Tier 4 Data Center
System ‘A’ Gen Bus
System ‘B’ Gen Bus
System ‘A’ Utility Bus
Unit Subs
Util A Gen A
Unit Subs
Gen B Util B
Unit SubsUtil A Gen B
Unit Subs
Gen A Util B
System ‘B’ Utility Bus
1. Complete system redundancy – Tier 4 classification2. 100% Backup Generator N+1 capacity3. 2 x Independent Gen Paralleling systems, each capable of 100%
backup & control of other system (GE Zenith-Fanuc unique design for Quadruple redundancy!
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Typical GE Zenith Configuration
• Full Manual backup, visible LEDs, Utility Grade relaying, PQ Metering
• Synchronized-backup PLC each Gen System (2 x PLC each Gen system)
• Gen System Graphical Display, + large monitor each system for display downstream load status
• Each System Master control capable backup of other system
Key Items – GE Recommendation
Gen ‘A’ Gen ‘B’
Util ‘B’Util ‘A
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ZDEC 2020