The organization of Matter
matter
mixtures
heterogeneous homogeneous
Pure substances
ElementsOxygen, iron
CompoundsSalt, sugar
III. Classification of MatterA. Pure Substance
Composition is always the same, whatever the source…never varies
1. Element –
Simplest form of matter
Made up of identical atoms
All listed on PTOE (92 natural)
Au, Na, O2, S8 are all elements
Cannot be broken down
Classification of Matter Pure Substance2. Compounds
Combination of more than one type of element joined by bonds (CO2, NaCl)
Components separated by chemical rxn
Represented with a chemical formula
Letters indicate type of element
Subscripts tell how many
Classification of MatterPure Substance
1. Molecule – combination of more that one atom held by covalent bonds (all elements in a molecule are nonmetals)
O2 is a molecule of the oxygen element
O3 is a molecule of the oxygen element
CO2 is a molecule and a compound
NaCl is NOT a molecule but a compound
MIXTURES
A. Definition of Mixture - combination of pure substances that retain their properties
B. Types of Mixtures
1. heterogeneous - individual substances are distinct (composition is not uniform throughout)
a. examples – sand, vegetable soup
2. homogeneous - individual substances are not distinct (uniform composition throughout)
a. examples - solutions
MIXTURES B. Types – 2. homogeneous__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
type of solution examples__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
solid – liquid sugar water, salt water___________________________________________ gas – liquid carbonated beverages________________________________________________________
liquid – liquid alcohol, vinegar________________________________________________________
gas – gas air_______________________________________________________
solid - solid alloys (metal + metal)________________________________________________________
Classifying MatterMixtures Combination of two or more pure substances
Composition of mixtures varies from source to source
Components can be separated by physical means (magnet, filter, distillation)
No chemical formula
List of ‘ingredients’
Classifying MatterMixtures1. Homogenous Mixtures
Uniform composition throughout one sample
Also known as solutions
Solutions can be solid, liquid or gas
Aqueous solutions have water as solvent
Mixtures-bozeman
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEoQ6TNLJl8
Tyndell effect
The Tyndall effect, also known as Tyndall scattering, is light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension. It is named after the 19th-century physicist John Tyndall.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4MVEpS0tvk