Lovejoy Library Annual ColloquiumApril 13, 2006
Howard Rosenbaum [email protected]
http://www.slis.indiana.edu/hrosenba/www/Pres/siue_06/index.html
I have so I don’t need the
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
I have Google so I don’t need the library
I. Introduction: A little about Google
• Where did they come from?
• What does Google do?
II. Unpacking the threat
• What does Google want to do
III. Librarians come out swinging!
http://www.fortunecity.com/olympia/mcmahon/48/smackdown.jpg
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Do these guys really want to eat your lunch?
Larry Page
Sergey Brin
money.cnn.com/2005/12/19/technology/google_fortune/google_larry_page_sergey_brin.03.jpg
Introduction: I. Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
www-db.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/GoogleBG.jpg
Who could be scared of this?
Baby Google
I. Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Where did they come from?
95: Page and Brin met at Stanford and did not hit it off right away
1/96: Collaboration on “BackRub,” a search engine that analyzed “back links” pointing to a given website
98: Set up first terabyte data center
Andy Bechtolsheim, a Sun Microsystems founder, saw the potential and invested 100K
9/98: 10,000 queries a day
99: 1/2 million queries a day
9/99: Out of beta with 25 million in VC money
I. Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
00: The index reached one billion pages
Began licensing the technology to clients
18 million queries a day
Introduced AdWords and the Google Toolbar
01: One hundred million queries a day
Bought Deja.com and its USENET archive
Introduced Google Zeitgeist
Introduced Google Image Search
3 billion documents in the index
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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I. Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
02: Google search appliance for intranets
Made the Google API available
Opened Google Labs, where various innovations are made available
Introduced Google News
Introduced Froogle
03: Acquired Blogger
Introduced Google AdSense
Introduced Google Deskbar
Introduction: A little about Google
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
04: 4.28 billion pages in the index
Introduced Local Search
4/1: They announced plans to open a research facility on the Moon
They also announced a new web-based mail service called Gmail, with a gigabyte of free storage for each user
One was not a joke
4/29: Filed for an IPO
8/19: IPO through Dutch auction
Introduced Desktop Search
Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Introduction: A little about Google
04: Introduced Google SMS
First quarterly results as a public company, with record revenues of $805.9 million, up 105%
Introduced Google Groups
Introduced Google Print
05: Introduced Google Mini sold through the Google Store
Introduced Google Video
1 billion images in Google Images
Introduced Google MapsQuickTime™ and a
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Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
paul.kedrosky.com/archives/000856.html
blog.lib.uci.edu/blog/_archives/2005/12/2/1431879.html
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
05: Introduced My Search History
Introduced Google Web Accelerator
Introduced Google Blog
Introduced Google Sitemaps
Introduced Google Earth
Introduced Google Talk
Hired Vint Cerf
Introduced Google Analytics
Renamed Google Print as Google Book Search
Introduction: A little about Google
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
06: Google crawls first human brain
Google has used its web crawling technology to search through the brain of a human subject
The braincrawling occurred on July 4, 2005 and took approximately two hours and nine minutes
The subject, Paul Genigeti, received a small incision at the base of his skull for the cranial access
Google plans to market braincrawling technology by Fall 2006, priced around $5,000
It will include all of your memories on a single DVD, or formatted into text and displayed on Google blog service - Patents pending
http://blogcritics.org/archives/2005/07/14/132713.php
Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Google announces plan to destroy all information it can't index August 31, 2005 | MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA
Executives at Google, the company that promises to "organize the world's information," announced the latest step in their expansion effort: a far-reaching plan to destroy all the information it is unable to index
The new project, dubbed Google Purge, will join such popular services as Google Images and Google Maps
As a part of Purge's first phase, executives will destroy all copyrighted materials that cannot be searched by Google
www.theonion.com/content/node/40076
Introduction: A little about Google
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
I have Google so I don’t need the library
I. Introduction: A little about Google
• Where did they come from?
• What does Google do?
II. Unpacking the threat
• What does Google want to do
III. Librarians come out swinging!
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. The threat
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
At the moment, Google is doing rather well
images.barchart.com/charts/GOOG.gif
www.economist.com/images/20031101/D4403WB1.jpg
www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/dbr/lowres/dbrn232l.jpg
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
cartoonbank.com/assets/product_images/52881_hi.gif
www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/hsc1737l.jpg
www.peak.org/~parsont/rockgard/SearchCartoon.JPG
So, about this threat…
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Is Google a disruptive technology?
A disruptive technology is a technology that changes the bases of competition by changing the performance metrics along which firms compete (Daneels, 2004)
New products based on a disruptive technology have different attribute sets than existing products
They change the bases of competition because they introduce a dimension of performance along which products did not compete previously
Are we looking at a competence-enhancing or competence-destroying technological shift?
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
In November 2004, Google introduced Google Scholar
Indexes full text scholarly literature across formats and fields and peer-reviewed journals available online, except from Elsevier
Similar in function to Scopus and Web of Science
Claims to index the "Deep Web" or content
Goal: to include “peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, preprints, abstracts, and technical reports from . . . academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories and universities, [and] scholarly articles available across the Web”
scholar.google.com/scholar/about.htmlscholar.google.com/scholar/about.html
II. Unpacking the threat
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Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Results are ranked by relevance, apparently based on the number of times a scholarly work has been cited
Relevance is biased towards older works - newer works have had less time to be cited
It appears to be based on the ideas of Citeseer
Since 2005, it directly links users to online resources at their research libraries
Library Links enables institutional users, primarily at major academic libraries, to identify their affiliation and receive search results that link to their institution’s link resolver providing access to a document's full text
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
So, is Google a threat?
“However, a year after its beta release, Google Scholar is still facing a number of challenges that cause librarians to question its value for scholarly research. Nevertheless, it has become popular among researchers, and the library community is looking for ways to provide patrons with guidelines for the most beneficial manner of using this new resource.”Sadeh, T. (2006). Google Scholar Versus Metasearch Systems http://library.cern.ch/HEPLW/12/papers/1/
II. Unpacking the threat
www.lock-out.org/d-art/fear.gif
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
The threat involves thinking about technology and social and institutional change
How have librarians dealt with the integration of new technologies?
Computers, networks, digitization, the web
One view is that “libraries have not changed much in the last 30 years despite waves of technological change
The values and structures of librarianship are also relatively stable”Gandel, P.B. (2005). Libraries: Standing at the wrong platform, waiting for the wrong train? EDUCAUSE review November/December 2005. 10-13.
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Collections have expanded into digital formats
Methods for accessing these collections have evolved
The relationship between collections, patrons, and librarians as mediator remains
Also, libraries are still organized much as they were 30 years ago
Job titles have changed but the basic divisions of public-technical services, and professional librarians-clerical and paraprofessionals remain
They bear “more resemblance to a medieval caste system than to a modern, agile organization” (Gandel 2005, 10)
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Here’s one description of the threat
Whether to settle a bet or to answer a research question, Google and Google Scholar are often the sources of first choice
In addition, a growing number of information services will provide expert answers to almost any question
Libraries have tried to match these challenges by providing new online reference services
It is not clear whether these redesigned services can compete with the rapidly growing commercial services available on the Web
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Commercial sites have economies of scale
This may give commercial sites the advantage of greater access to more in-depth expertise
They can then tailor their services to a broad range of specialized needs
This leads to a scenario
Colleges and universities will shift their resources to pay for a national information service customized to the needs of the individual institution rather than support their own local library reference service
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Google poses specific and general threats to libraries
Google Scholar, Book Search, and Suggest pose specific threats
We understand the weaknesses and gaps in these tools
Many academic users outside of LIS do not
“At a presentation to academic staff of the Library Committee in December 2005, we found that some academics were puzzled - even annoyed - at the idea that the Library should perceive any sort of a challenge from Google. (same with Amazon)” MacColl, J. (2006). Google Challenges for Academic Libraries. Ariadne http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue46/maccoll
II. Unpacking the threat
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Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Research practice has a “routinized, repetitive character”
This is an important for professional researchers and students
Google seeks to become the tool of choice for research
They want to become embedded in patterns of situated social interaction through which research is done
If successful, Google will change research practice and devalue the role of librarians
Google Suggest handles the reference interview
Google Scholar locates the paper
Google Book Search finds the monograph
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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The general threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Google’s suite of tools and web services poses a general threat to librarians
They are creating a bundle of digital tools and services that are beginning to fit together
They are positioning the company to be at the center of people’s and organizations digital lives
This includes our work lives (Google Mini) and our social lives (Google Talk and Google Romance)
They are seeking to dominate and commodify the digital information environment
As market share grows, they will displace librarians
Libraries will become storehouses and repositories
II. Unpacking the threat
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Therefore:I have Google so I don’t need the library
II. Unpacking the threat
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Googlezilla
ipmslondon.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/godzilla.jpg
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
I have Google so I don’t need the library
I. Introduction: A little about Google
• Where did they come from?
• What does Google do?
II. Unpacking the threat
• What does Google want to do
III. Librarians come out swinging!
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
III. Librarians come out swinging!
www.wla.lib.wi.us/waal/newsletter/images/google.gif
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
That which does not kill us makes us stronger
III. Librarians come out swinging!
www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/ ~dhmorton/o.html
www.infomistress.com/lib_images/images/lookitup_jpg.jpg
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Conclusion
It is time to think strategically
SWOT analysis
Strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities
Consider the options
Ignore them - Google is in a different space
Work with them - look for synergies
Cooptition - work with them and compete with them
Smackdown! - compete head to head
III. Librarians come out swinging!
Rosenbaum: Smackdown: Google v. libraries School of Library and Information Science@IU
Lovejoy Library Annual ColloquiumApril 13, 2006
Howard Rosenbaum [email protected]
http://www.slis.indiana.edu/hrosenba/www/Pres/siue_06/index.html
I have so I don’t need the