Download - Laporan Apik Kel 2
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LAPORAN APIK-II
PROSES PEMBUATAN
I. PENJERNIHAN MINYAK GORENG
II. MINYAK CENGKEH
III. SABUN TRANSPARAN
IV. PENGGORENGAN VAKUMV. DESAIN KERAMIK
VI. OBAT GOSOK
OLEH
1. ARIF RACHMAN SOLEH (16)
2. ARMY SANY HAIDAR (17)
. BURHANUDIN A!I! (1")
2 KIMIA INDUSTRI A
SMK SMTI YOGYAKARTA
TAHUN 2#12$2#1
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Kata Pengantar
K%&' %*%+,% *' /,0 %+% ,%3'0%+ T% Y%4 M%% E% /%4 +5%
&5'&%,% 0%&%+/% ,%3% ,'+% &% '44% 5%0% /% &%,%5% APIK ''
3%%+ 5%' +%+ %3% %,+/%.
T'3%, 5% ,%&' 80+0'&%,%' ,%3% B%%, G0 3% +&-+&% /%4 5%' /%4
+5% &&8%+ / '44% / &%,%5% APIK '' 3%%+ +05%',%.
P/ 80%0% &4% 5%0% '' 3%%+ &&8%+ +&%-+&% %+% /%4 5%'
%4%0 &*%3' %3% 3%5%& &&8%+ 098%%.
Y4/%,%0+%: #; A0'5 2#1
P/:
BAB I
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PENJERNIHAN MINYAK GORENG
T%44%5 1 F80%0' 2#1
A. DASAR TEORI
1. M'/%, 404 %3%5% 83% 9%'0 /%4 3'4%,% 8%4%' &3'% 4%+%0
%%: %&8% 0%% 40' 3% %&8% '5%' 4'
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2. ALAT UKUR
NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'
1 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%
2 G5% ,0 1 ?## &5 M4,0 5&
D. CARA KERJA1. BAGAN KOTAK PROSES
D% 94,
M'/%, %'0
M'/%,
2. LANGKAH KERJA
%. P0'%% %5%+
M/'%,%
- 8%+%4 4%3, +, &4%3,
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- 904 +, &&8%+ %4%
- ,&0 %+% &%% +, &&%%,%- /%44%
sortasi
pendinginan
Pemisahan
Pengukuran volume
penimbangan
pemanasan
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- +'&8%4%
- 45% ,0
- 45% ,'&'%
8. P0'%% 8%%
- M/'%,% &'/%, *5%+% 1##&5
- M/'%,% N%OH 1# &5- M/'%,% %0%4 %,+'> 7 40 - M/'%,% C5%/ 7 40
9. P0
- C%&0 &'/%, *5%+% 3% N%OH %3, '44% &4- P%%,% 5%&% ? &'+- D'4',% 5%&% ? &'+- M%,,% ,3%5%& 904 '% ,&3'% +%&8%,% %'0 %% ,&3'%
'%,% &'/%, 3%0' %'0
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8%0-8%0 80'
- S%0'4 &44%,% +'/ %+% ,%% &4%'5,% &'/%, 80'- U,0 5& %'5/%
E. PERHITUNGAN
1. P0'+4% 8%%
C5%/ 2#40 1: 40 1 40
K%08 %,+'> 2#40 6:6740 740
2. R%3&
=?$1## 1## =?
F. KESIMPULAN
D%5%& 0 *0'% &'/%, '' +'3%, 3'+&,% ,5'+%: %/% %*% %3% %%+
/%0'4% %,+ /%4 3'8+,% 9, 5%&%. D%0' &'/%, *5%+% 1##&5
3'%'5,% =?&5 &'/%, /%4 3% 3'*0',%.
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BAB II
PEMBUATAN MINYAK CENGKEH
T%44%5 2# >80%0' 2#1
A. DASAR TEORI
1. M'/%, 3% 94, (95 5%> '5) %3%5% &'/%, %+'0' %'5 5'4% 3%94, ,0'4 (&&/% /%4 3% 440). K%34% &'/%, 94,
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%3%5% 45 ;#: 4'5 %9+%+: &+/5 -+/5 %595:8%0&%':%0>&:,&+',:
3% '3+0' >5%0 &%,%% 3% &'&%.
. K445%M'/%, 94, /%4 ,%&' 8%+ '' +'3%, &4%34 8%%-8%% 9%&0%
3% &&'5',' ,%'%+ /%4 +'3%, 3'&'5',' +&8% 5%'.
B. BAHAN YANG DIGUNAKAN
N
O
N%&% B%% J&5%
1 D% 94,%
,0'4
,4
2 A'0 9,/%
C. ALAT YANG DIGUNAKAN
1. ALAT PRODUKSI
NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'
1 T%4,' 3+'5%+ 1 P&8+,% %
2 K30 % 1 P3'4'%
K&0 1 P&%%%
= G5% ,'&'% = 2?# &5 M%&4 %'5
2. ALAT UKUR
NO N%&% A5%+ J&5% U,0% F4'
1 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%
2 G5% ,0 1 M4,0 5& %'5
D. CARA KERJA
1. BAGAN KOTAK PROSES2. LANGKAH KERJA
%. P/'%% %5%+
M/'%,%
- T%4,' 3'+'5%' +, &&03,' %- K30 +, 3'4'%- K&0 +, &%%%- G5% ,'&'% +, &%&4 %'5- G5% ,0 +, &4,0 5& %'5
8. P/'%% 8%%
- M'&8%4 3% 94, ,4
- M/'%,% %'0 9,/%9. P0
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- S0+%' 3% 94,- P'&8%4% 3% 94,- M%,,% %'0 3%5%& +%4,' 3'+'5%'- M%,,% 3% 94, 3%5%& +%4,' 3'+'5%'- T+ 0%%+ +%4,' 5%5 %%,% 34% ,&0
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&'/%,
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E. PERHITUNGAN
1. R%3&
1?$2### 1## 7?
F. KESIMPULANP%3% 0%,+',& ,%5' '' +'3%, 3'+&,% ,5'+% %/% %*% %3% %%+ &9%0' 3%
94, &%' *%0%4 3'+&,%. M'/%, 94, /%4 ,%&' %'5,% 1?&5
BAB III
PROSES PEMBUATAN SABUN TRANSPARAN
T%44%5 27 F80%0' 2#1
A. D%%0 T0'
1. P40+'%
S%8 +0%%0% %3%5% %5%+ &80' 3% 3%%+ 3'4%,% +, &99' %+.
S%8 +0%%0% '' 3%%+ 8,0*% 34% 8%+% %'0. S%8 +0%%0% %3%5% %8 &%3'
8%+%4% 34% +%&'5% +0%%0%.
2. F4'
U+, 99' +%4%
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U+, %5%+ 0&% +%44%
U+, &%3'
U+, &99' %,%'%
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B% 58' 5&8+ 3' ,5'+
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1. A5%+
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1 G5% 8,0 1 M%&4 8%% %%+ 3' %%,%
2 K&0 1 M&%%,% 8%%
P4%3, 2 M4%3, 8%%
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7 T'&8%4% 1 M'&8%4 8%%
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2. B%%
N N%&% B%% J&5%
1 M'/%, VCO ?# &5
2 N%OH # 1? 40
A%& S+%0%+ 2? 40
= E+%5 ;6 =# &5
? G5'0' 2# &5
6 G5% P%'0 2# 40
7 TEA 1? &5
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" P%0% 9,/%
; P%4' = &5
1# N%₂SO₄ ? 40
11 STTP ? 40
C. CARA KERJA
1. D'%40%& A5'0 %0>& %5,5: TEA45'0'
M'/%,
A%& +%0%+
N%OH?# &5 %'0 45% %'0STPP
N%2SO=2#&5 %'0
S%8 T0%%0%
2. L%4,% K0*%
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2. M'/%, 3% %%& +%0%+ 3'%%,%: ,&3'% 3'+%&8%,% 5%0+% %+%0% %'0 ?# &5
3% N%OH &*%3' 5%0+% I
. M%+',% ,&0: +%&8%,% %5,5: TEA: 45'0': &*%3' %3%
=. A3% 3'+%&8%,% 45%%'0: N%₂SO₄: STTP 2# &5 %'0
?. T%&8%,% %0>&: ,&3'% 3'9+%, 3% 3'+44 ,0'4
6. L%,% 3%0' 9+%,%: 3'+'&8%4: ,&3'% 3',&%.
D. P0'+4%
1. R%3&
B0%+ %'5 . 1##
UDIN Larutan Adona
SUREP
ARME
Kemas
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B0%+ 8%%
2?. 1##
2;=
"6:#?
2. P0'+4% B%%
1. M'/%, --?# &5
2. N%OH # --1? 40%&
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=. E+%5 ;6 --=# &5
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6. G5% P%'0 --1# 40%&
7. TEA --2# &5
". P%0>& ---= &5
;. N%2SO= --1# 40%&
1#. A'0 --7# &5
11. STPP --? 40%
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E. K'&5%
D%0' 4' 0: &8%+% %8 +0%%0% 9, &3% ++%' 5%&% 3%5%& 3'%&%
%4%0 %8 +0%%0% &40%.
D%0' 4' %'5: 0%3& /%4 3'%'5,% /%'+ "6:#? ,%0% 80%+ /%4 3'%'5,% 2?40%&.
D%0' 4' *' ,&: 8%', 3%0' ,&%%: %0&%: 8%: 3% 5%85 8%',.
BAB IVPROSES PENGGORENGAN VAKUM
T%44%5 1 M%0+ 2#1
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A. D%%0 +0'
1. P4404% %,& %3%5% &' +, &&03,' %,% ,0'', 8% 3% %/0
&44%,% 4404% %,&. P4404% %,& &0%,% 9%0% 45%%
/%4 +%+ +, &4%'5,% ,0'', 8%-8%% 34% &+ +'44'. D4%
+,54' '': 8%-8%% /%4 &5'&% 3% +08%4 %3% &'& 8% 3%%+
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D4% +,54' '': %,% &%& &0,% +'+', 3'3' &'/%, '44% 8%-8%%
80,%3%0 %'0 +'44' /%4 3'5% &*%3' +'3%, &3% %4.
B. B%%$0
N N%&% B%% J&5%
1 N%4,% 1:? ,4
2 M'/%, 404 2? 5
A'0 S9,/%
C. A5%+1. A5%+ 03,'
N N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'
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2 T%84 4404 B%0 1 M4,3'',% 8%%
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6P4%3,
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2. A5%+ ,0
N N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'
1 T'&8%4% S3%4 1 M'&8%4 8%%
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D. C%0% ,0*%
1. D'%40%& %5'0
A'0 B0'0,5%'
M'/%, T%84 4404
B%
2. L%4,% ,0*%
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P&%%%
P4%+0%
P'0'%
P'&8%4%
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P0'%% %5%+
1. B%, 3''' %'0 %&%' 8%4'% 3%0' 8%0 8%, '0,5%'.2. M'/%, 404 8%/%, 2? 5 3'&%,% 3%5%& +%84 4404%.
. P%+',% 8%% +&85 43%5' %3% '' >> %3% %,+
&484,% 045%+0 LPG 34% +%84.
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2. T,%% 3'+ 6#-6? P'%.. E4,5 3'+%0 +'% 1# &'+ ,%5' '44% 8% 3%%+ &%+%4 &0%+%.
=. S+5% &%+%4: &' 3'&%+',% 3% +,%% 3' 3%5%& +%84 4404
3'+0,% '44% # P'%.
?. B% /%4 3% &%+%4 3',5%0,% 3%0' +%84 4404 ,&3'%3''5%4,% &'/%,/% &44%,% 9+0'>4.
6. S+5% 8%0-8%0 ,0'4: 8% 3'+'&8%4 3% 3',&%.
E. P0'+4%1. P0'+4% 8%%
B% %4,% &%+%4 1:? ,4
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&98%/%. D%0' 4' 0%%: ,0', +08+ %,: 0/%: &%': 3% %0&%/% %0&. M%,%
3%0' '+: 8%/%, ,& /%4 +0+%0', +, &98% 3% &&85'/%.
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BAB V
PEMBUATAN DESAIN KERAMIK T%44%5 1 J%%0' 2#1
A. D%%0 +0'
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1. D%' 8'% ,'+% +0*&%,% 8%4%' ' +0%%. D%' &&'5,' %0+' 0 +,
&&8%+ 8*, 8%0. K0%&', 9%0% '5&'% %3%5% 83%-83% /%4 +08%+ 3%0' 83%
5%, 3%0' %5%& /%4 3'*%3',% ,0% 9%0% &%%%.2. T*% 44%% 3%' ,0%&',
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- L8' 8%4- L8' ,0%+'>
B. B%%$0
N N%&% 8%% J&5%
1 K0+% 1 5&8%0
C. A5%+
1. A5%+ 03,'
N N%&% %5%+ J&5% F4'
1 P'5 1 M&8%+ 4%&8%0 3%'
2 P4% 1 M4% 4%&8%0
J%4,% 1 M&8%+ 5'4,%0%
= R%+% 1 M09'4,% '5
2. A5%+ ,0
N N%&% %5%+ J&5% F4'
1 P44%0' 1 M4,0 %*%4 4%0'
D. C%0% ,0*%
1. D'%40%& %5'0
P/'%% %5%+ 3% 8%%
P&8%+% 4%&8%0 8%5,
P&8%+% 3%'3' 3%5%& 85,
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D%' K0%&',
2. L%4,% ,0*%
P0'%% 8%%
1. K0+% 4%&8%0 3''%,% 3% 3'%',% ,0%/%.2. P09%%% 4%&8%0 ,0%+'> &4,'.
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2. D'4%&8%0 4%0' +' 3% ,0% 11 9&.
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=. D'8%+ 4%&8%0 3' 3%5%& 85, +08+ %' '&%*'%'.?. D',&5,% 8'5% 3% 5%'.
E. K'&5%
P0 &8%+% 3%' ,0%&', /%4 ,%&' 5%,,% 9, &3%: 5%9%0 3% %'5/%
&&%,%. N%& 3%5%& 0/% 3'8+,% %,+ /%4 9, 5%&% +, &&8%+
8% '&%*'%' 3%5%& ','0%: '44% 3%%+ +0+%4 3%5%& '5 &&8%+ 8% 5%
%+% 3%' '%% 3'3'4$,0%&',.
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BAB II
PEMBUATAN OBAT GOSOK
T%44%5 6 F80%0' 2#1
A. DASAR TEORI
%. O8%+ 4, %3%5% %+ 03, /%4 0'4 3'8+ 8%4%' 8%5& /%4 &'0'34% %5: 808+, 5&8,: &3% 3'5,% 3% 8'%% 3'4%,% 8%4%'
8%+ 5%0 0+% &4%34 8%% %,+'>. B%% %,+'> /%4 +03%%+ 3%5%& >0&5%
8%5& 8'%%/% +03'0' 3%0' 9%&0% &'/%, %+'0': &'/%, ,%/ +': &'/%,
%5%: 0+% 430.
8. K4%%
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P%3% &&/% 8%5& 3'4%,% +, &0'4%,% %,'+ ,%5%: %,'+ 0+:
%,'+ 4'4': &4'5%4,% 4%+%5-4%+%5 %,'8%+ 4'4'+% 0%44%: 4%5-4%5: '5,:
3% '34 +0&8%+ ,%0% >5 0+% '*%+ 3% ,0',. S3%4,% &'/%, %+'0'
3'0' 8,0*% 8%4%' %4: &&0+%*%& 3%/% '4%+ 3% 8%4'%
&'4,%+,% '0,5%' 3%0%. O8%+ 4, *4% 80>4' 8%4%' 03% %,
%>%: &4%&%,% 3%0' 4%44% /%&, 3% &+%8'5,% 3%/% +%% +5%4
3% ++.
9. K445%K445% 3%0' 8%+ 4, '' %3%5% +'3%, %3% >, 3'4': +%% %5,5 3%
+'3%, 54,+. D'4&%0' 8',% %/% ,%5%4% 5%*+ '% %*% ++%' *4% %%,
&3%: ,%0% &&'5',' 8% /%4 ,% 3% %0&% /%4 %4%+ '44% 3%%+
&4%4%+,% +8. D'3%0% /%4 8%/%, &4%'*5,% ,%+'0' 8%5&
0%&% 3'0' &4,' 3%%+ 3',&8%4,% +, %% 3%5%& ,%5% 0&%
+%44%.
B. BAHAN DAN RESEP
NO N%&% B%% J&5%
1 V%5' +' 1## 40
2 P%0%>' %3%+ 1# 40
M+5 ,0'+%5 1# 40
= M'/%, G30 1# &5
? M'/%, C4, 6 &5
6 M'/%, K%/ P+' ? &5
7 K%&0 K0'+%5 1# 40
" P%0>& = &5
; M'/%, 0& ? &5
C. ALATA5%+ 03,'
N. N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'
1 B%+%4
4%3,
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2 G5% ,'&'% - 2 M&%%,% 3% &%&4 %3%
K&0 5'+0', - 1 + M3'% &%%
= 3, - - M9%&0 %3% 3% &4%&8'5
8%%
A5%+ ,0
N. N%&% %5%+ U,0% J&5% F4'
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1. G5% ,0 - - M4,0 8%%
2. +'&8%4% 0&%5 1 + M'&8%4 8%%
D. CARA KERJA
1. D'%40%& %5'0
V%5' %3%+
P%0%>' %3%+
M+5 ,0'+%5K%&0
%0>&&'/%, 430
&'/%, 94,
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1. G5% ,'&'%: 8%+%4 4%3, 3% 3, 3'99' 80' ,&3'%
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2. G5% ,0 %+',% 80'. K&0 5'+0', 3'%+',% 8%', 3% '% 3'4%,%
8. P0'%% 8%%
1. S&% 8%% /%4 3'8+,% 3'+'&8%4 %' 0
2. C%&0,% %5' +':%0%>' %3%+: &+5 ,0'+%5 3% ,%&0 . S'%,% &'/%, 430: 94,: 3% ,%/ +' %' ,0%
9. R%,'
1. V%5' +': %0%>': &+5 ,0'+%5: ,%&0 3'9%&0 2. M'/%, 430: &'/%, 94,: &'/%, ,%/ +' 3'9%&0
3. T%%%
1. V%5' +': %0%>' %3%+: &+5 ,0'+%5 3% ,%&0 3'9%&0
,&3'% 3'%%,% '444% &580
2. T%&8%,% &'/%, 430: &'/%, ,%/ +': &'/%, 94,
%3, '44% 0%+%
. J%4% 5% +%&8%,% %0>&
penampuran
pendiaman
Pemanasan hingga
menair
Penampuran
Penimbangan
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=. S'%,% 9 +&%+ 8%+ 4,: +%4,% '44%
?. T44 '44% &40%: 8%+ 4, '% 3'4%,%
!. PERHIHTUNGAN
P0'+4% 8%%
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- M'/%, 0& (12# 16#) ? &5 = &5
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