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Illuminating Computer Science CCIT 4-6Sep http://www.aast.edu/en/colleges/ccit/cs4hs/
Introduction to Introduction to Programming ConceptsProgramming Concepts
Visual Basic: an Introduction
Illuminating Computer Science CCIT 4-6Sep http://www.aast.edu/en/colleges/ccit/cs4hs/
Illuminating Computer Science CCIT 4-6Sep http://www.aast.edu/en/colleges/ccit/cs4hs/
ObjectivesObjectives
The audience should be familiar with the Visual Basic Environment.
The audience should be able to build simple Visual Basic Applications.
The audience should learn the precedence rules for writing equations.
The audience should be able to write programs using control structures
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Performing a Task on the Performing a Task on the ComputerComputerDetermine OutputIdentify InputDetermine process necessary to turn
given Input into desired Output
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Problem-solving approach like Problem-solving approach like algebra classalgebra classHow fast is a car traveling if it goes
50 miles in 2 hours?Output: a number giving the rate of
speed in Km per hourInput: the distance and time the car
has traveledProcess: rate = distance/time
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Pictorial representation of the Pictorial representation of the problem solving processproblem solving process
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Program Planning TipsProgram Planning Tips
Always have a plan before trying to write a program
The more complicated the problem, the more complex the plan must be
Planning and testing before coding saves time coding
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Simplified Program development Simplified Program development cyclecycle
1. Analyze: Define the problem.
2. Design: Plan the solution to the problem.
3. Choose the interface: Select the objects (text boxes, buttons, etc.).
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Program development cycle Program development cycle continuedcontinued4. Code: Translate the algorithm into a
programming language.Try to avoid jumping straight to this step, which can result in a sloppy solution!
5. Test and debug: Locate and remove any errors in the program.
6. Complete the documentation: Organize all the material that describes the program.
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What is Visual Basic?What is Visual Basic?
High Level 4th Generation Programming Language
Object and Event DrivenVisual - Windows Based Integrated Development Environment
or IDE
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What is VB Used For?What is VB Used For?Most Popular Programming LanguageStand alone programsApplets that can be run on many
different kinds of computersCustomized specialized Applications
– E- Commerce • Web based shopping forms and inquiries
User friendly Interface to applications
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Used by a computer equipment retail outlet to record data regarding customer orders.
Example Order Entry Example Order Entry ScreenScreen
Allows user to use a mouse to click on boxes for text entry.
Also enables user to click on buttons to initiate processing steps.
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Generations of Computer LanguagesGenerations of Computer Languages
1st - Machine language - 0110 0011 1000
2nd - Procedure-oriented languages – FORTRAN - 1954 for scientists and engineers
– COBOL - 1959 for business applications
– C - 1972 - for UNIX operating systems
3rd - Object-oriented languages4th - Event-driven languages - i.e.VB5th - Natural languages i.e. English
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Compiler Vs InterpreterCompiler Vs Interpreter
Higher Languages are translated to Machine Language by:– Interpreter
• Translates instructions to machine code line-by-line.
• BASIC, Quick Basic, Visual Basic
– Compiler • Translates the entire program to machine
code before running it.• Fortran, C, C++, Visual Basic is also a compiler
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What are the Objects in VB?What are the Objects in VB?
Pre-programmed Code for:– Command Buttons– Labels– Pictures– Text Boxes
Have both data and procedures wrapped together
Illuminating Computer Science CCIT 4-6Sep http://www.aast.edu/en/colleges/ccit/cs4hs/
What are the Events?What are the Events?
– Visual Basic “watches” what the user does
– A user activity is called an event– Events include mouse clicks and
moves, menu selections, button presses, etc.
– Sections of code are only executed in response to an event
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What is the Integrated Development What is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?Environment (IDE)?
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Visual Basic EnvironmentVisual Basic Environment
GUI (Graphical User Interface) - forms and windows that the user sees
Property - a characteristic or attribute of an object such as color and size
Event - a user action such as clicking a button
Code Editor window - editor specially designed to help you when writing code
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Visual Basic EnvironmentVisual Basic EnvironmentComponents of the VB design
environment (Form view)
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Visual Basic EnvironmentVisual Basic EnvironmentComponents of the VB design
environment (Code view)
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The Code Editor WindowThe Code Editor WindowObject List Box
Procedure List Box
Auto List Members
Full Module View button
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The Code Editor WindowThe Code Editor Window
Help window
Error message box
Syntax error in Red
Procedure view button
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VB Environment: Project VB Environment: Project WindowWindow
The Project Window can be used to navigate between the code and form window for each form / window a project has
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VB Environment: Menu BarVB Environment: Menu Bar
The Menu Bar consists of 3 elements the–Title Bar, which holds the name of application,
default if Microsoft Visual Basic [design]–Menu Bar, this is the link to Visual Basics menu
facilities, each menu option drops down into sub-menus
–Toolbar, contains icons which give access to the more commonly used commands (which are also available through the menu bar)
Title bar Menu Bar Toolbar
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VB Environment: Properties VB Environment: Properties WindowWindowUsed to set how a
control looks andbehaves
Holds its default values
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VB Environment: Control VB Environment: Control ToolboxToolbox
Pointer
Label
Group Frame
Check Box
Combo Box
Horizontal Scroll Bar
Timer
Directory List Box
Shape
Image
OLE
Picture
Text Box
Command Button
Option/Radio Button
List Box
Vertical Scroll Bar
Drive List Box
File List Box
Line
Data Control
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VB Environment: Context VB Environment: Context Sensitive Help Sensitive Help Context sensitive help is very usefulSelect the item control that you want help onPress the F1 key
F1
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The File MenuThe File Menu
Project commands
Make executable commands
Most recent project list
Exit command
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The File MenuThe File Menu
New Project Open Project Add Project Remove Project Save Project Save Project As
Save Component Save Component
As Print Print Setup
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The File MenuThe File Menu
Template - particular pattern for a project or a project element; start a project from a template saves time
Existing tab - displays VB projects
Recent tab - displays most recently accessed projects
Project Groups - a collection of several projects
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Building Your First ApplicationBuilding Your First Application
There are three primary steps in building a Visual Project:– Place (or draw) controls on the form.– Assign properties to the controls.– Write event procedures for the controls.
Illuminating Computer Science CCIT 4-6Sep http://www.aast.edu/en/colleges/ccit/cs4hs/
Project FilesProject Files
vbp extension = Visual Basic Project– file that tracks all components
frm extension = Form file– separate file for each form
frx extension = Binary form file– cannot be read by humans
vbw extension = Visual Basic workspace
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Starting Visual BasicStarting Visual Basic
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Choosing Project TypeChoosing Project Type
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Placing Controls on the Form: ImagePlacing Controls on the Form: Image
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Assigning Properties to ControlsAssigning Properties to Controls
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Adding an ImageAdding an Image
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Browse for an ImageBrowse for an Image
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Image DisplayedImage Displayed
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Buttons and Text BoxesButtons and Text Boxes
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Changing the Form TitleChanging the Form Title
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Writing the Code (Events)Writing the Code (Events)
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Writing the Code (Events)Writing the Code (Events)
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Running the ApplicationRunning the Application
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Running the ApplicationRunning the Application
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More Complex StructuresMore Complex Structures
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Syntax BoxesSyntax Boxes
Syntax for a Visual Basic statement is shown in a syntax box
Reserved words are shown in boldProgrammer named words are shown in
italics
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The Sub StatementThe Sub Statement
Private Sub controlname_eventname( )
Statements
End SubWhere
Private is the default procedure type
Sub indicates beginning of procedure
controlname is name of associated control
_ (underscore) required separator
eventname is name of corresponding event
( ) set of parentheses is required
End Sub indicates end of a procedure
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The Sub StatementThe Sub Statement
Example
Private Sub cmdCalcTriangle_Click
Dim Base As Single
Dim Height As Single
Dim Height As Single
Area = 1 / 2 * (Base * Height)
End Sub
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Declarations, Variables, Declarations, Variables, and Constantsand Constants
Variable - a uniquely named storage location that contains data that changes during program execution
Constant - a uniquely named storage locations that contains data that does not change during program execution
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Declarations, Variables,Declarations, Variables,and Constantsand Constants
Rules for Naming Variables– Must begin with an alphabetic character– Can’t contain a period or type-declaration
characters such as %, &, !, #, @ or $
– Must be unique with same scope– Must be no longer than 255 characters– Should not reserved word (See Appendix A)
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Declaring VariablesDeclaring Variables
Declaration statement - nonexecutable code that sets aside storage locations for future use
Local variables - declared within a procedure or function
Global variables - declared in the general section of the application
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Declaring VariablesDeclaring Variables
Declare variables using the Dim or Static statementsDim statement - value of variable
preserved only until procedure ends
Static statement - value of variable preserved the entire time the application is running
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The Dim StatementThe Dim Statement
Dim variablename As datatype
Where
Dim is required
variablename should be a descriptive name
As is required
datatype is one of the following types:
Boolean, Byte, Date, Integer, Long, Single,
Double, Currency, String, Object or Variant
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Declaring VariablesDeclaring Variables
Data Types– Boolean - True or false– Date - From Jan 1, 100 to Dec 31, 9999– Integer - Numbers without a decimal point– Long - Long integer– Single - Numbers with a decimal point– Double - Long Single– Currency - Dollar amounts– String - Character and alphanumeric data– Object - Any object reference such as Word document– Variant - default, can hold any data type
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Assigning Values to VariablesAssigning Values to Variables
Variablename = value
Where
variablename is the descriptive name of the variable
= is the assignment operator
value is the value the variable will contain
Examples:Number1 = 5FirstName = “Steve”LoanAmount = 67.38Length = 17.8
Note: Order is important. Variable name always on the left, and value on the right.
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Declaring Constants Declaring Constants
Const constantname As datatype = value
Where
Const is required
constantname is the descriptive name of the constant
As is required
datatype is the type of data the constant will contain
= is the assignment operator
value is the value of the constant
Examples:Const Pi As Single 3.14159265358979Const MaxNumber As Integer = 100
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FunctionsFunctions
Function - unit of code that returns a value
Built-in Functions– Sqr - square root– Rnd - random number generator– Int - returns integer portion of a number– Val - converts a string to a value– Str - converts a value to a string
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Application 1: Calculate the area of Application 1: Calculate the area of a circlea circle Inputs: radius of the circle r Output: area of the circle Process: Area=
2r
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Application 1: Calculate the area of Application 1: Calculate the area of a circle (Form View)a circle (Form View)
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Application 1: Calculate the area of Application 1: Calculate the area of a circle (Code View)a circle (Code View)
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Application 1: Calculate the area of Application 1: Calculate the area of a circle (Run)a circle (Run)
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Precedence TablePrecedence Table
Operator
( )
^
*, /
+,-
If precedence of two following operators is equal, then the evaluation starts from left to right.
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Simple Examples of EquationsSimple Examples of Equations
Equation in normal form:– Y=3X– Y=X-10+3(X-Z)– Y=X^2*10– Y= X
Equation in VB form:– Y=3*X– Y=X-10+3*(X-Z)– Y=X*X*10– Y=SQR(X)
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Application 2: Convert from Application 2: Convert from Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius Original formula:
Celsius=5/9(Fahrenheit-32)Visual Basic formula:
Celsius=5/9*(Fahrenheit-32)Input: FahrenheitOutput: CelsiusProcess: Celsius=5/9*(Fahrenheit-32)
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Application 2: Convert from Application 2: Convert from Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Form Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Form View)View)
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Application 2: Convert from Application 2: Convert from Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Code Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Code View)View)
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Application 2: Convert from Application 2: Convert from Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Run)Fahrenheit Degree to Celsius (Run)
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Application 3: The Wind Chill Application 3: The Wind Chill ApplicationApplicationWrite a program that calculates
the wind chill temperatureInputs: Wind Speed and TemperatureOutputs: Wind Chill Temperature
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Application 3:The Wind Chill Application 3:The Wind Chill ApplicationApplication Original formula
– WC = 0.0817(3.71(V **0.5) + 5.81 - 0.25V)(T - 91.4) + 91.4
Visual Basic statement– WC = 0.0817 * (3.71 * Sqr(V) + 5.81 -(0.25 * V)) *
(T - 91.4) + 91.4 Output: Wind Chill (WC) Input 1 T: Temperature Input 2 V: Wind Speed
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Adding Controls and Changing their Adding Controls and Changing their PropertiesProperties
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Writing the CodeWriting the Code
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Running the ApplicationRunning the Application
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Control StructuresControl Structures
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Controlling your ApplicationControlling your Application
Sequence
Selection– If...Then...Else statement– Select Case statement
Repetition– For...Next Loop statement– For Each...Next statement– Do Loops
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Selection If..Then..ElseSelection If..Then..Else
If (condition) Then (statement[s])
[ElseIf (condition) Then (statement[s])]
[Else (statement[s])]
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Selection Application: Convert from Selection Application: Convert from Numerical Grade to Letter GradeNumerical Grade to Letter Grade Input: a numeric grade between 0 and
100 Output: depends on input
Input Output
049 F
5052 D
5356 D+
5760 C-
6164 C
6569 C+
7074 B-
7579 B
8084 B+
8589 A-
90100 A
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Selection Application: Convert from Selection Application: Convert from Numerical Grade to Letter Grade (Form Numerical Grade to Letter Grade (Form View)View)
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Selection Application: Convert from Selection Application: Convert from Numerical Grade to Letter Grade (Code Numerical Grade to Letter Grade (Code View)View)
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Selection Application: Convert from Selection Application: Convert from Numerical Grade to Letter Grade Numerical Grade to Letter Grade (Run)(Run)
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For...Next Loop StructureFor...Next Loop StructureFor counter = start To end Step increment
statements
Next counter
Where
Counter is tested to see if less than end.If so, repeat loop again. If not, go to
statement after Next.
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Do While...Loop StructureDo While...Loop StructureDo While condition
statements
Loop
Where
The condition is tested, and if true the loop isrepeated. When the condition is false, the loopstatements are skipped the statement after
Loopis executed.
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Do Until...Loop StructureDo Until...Loop StructureDo Until condition
statements
Loop
Where
The condition is tested, and if false the loop isrepeated. When the condition is true, the loopstatements are skipped the statement after
Loopis executed.
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Loops Application: FactorialLoops Application: Factorial
Factorial (N)= N*(N-1)*(N-2)……….*(1)
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Factorial Flowchart (N>0)Factorial Flowchart (N>0)
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Factorial Application: Form ViewFactorial Application: Form View
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Factorial Application: Code ViewFactorial Application: Code ViewUsing For..Next LoopUsing For..Next Loop
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Factorial Application: Code ViewFactorial Application: Code ViewUsing Do..While..LoopUsing Do..While..Loop
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Factorial Application: Code ViewFactorial Application: Code ViewUsing Do..Until..LoopUsing Do..Until..Loop
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Factorial Application: RunFactorial Application: Run
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SummarySummary
After the completion of this lecture, the audience should be familiar with the visual basic environment and different controls.
The audience should be able to write simple programs and generate simple VB applications.