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Future PV Roundtableat Solar Power International 2018
PV evolution at every level, from cells and modules tothe grid
1
Initiative partner
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
Gold sponsors Silver sponsor: Partner:
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September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
Introduction by Dr. Weiming Zhang, Heraeus
Presentation by Dr. Ilka Luck, Heraeus and Christian Prischmann, Ulbrich
Presentation by Dr. Hongbin Fang, LONGi Solar
Panel 1: Emerging directions in cell and moduletechnologies
Fireside chat with Tristan Erion-Lorico, DNV GL
Panel 2: Grid integration of high levels ofrenewable energy
Agenda
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Introduction by Dr. Weiming Zhang, Heraeus
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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Presentation by Dr. Ilka Luck, Heraeus and Christian Prischmann, Ulbrich
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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EMERGING DIRECTIONS AND TRENDS IN CELL AND MODULE DESIGNS
Solar Power International
Dr. Ilka Luck / Heraeus
Christian Prischmann / Ulbrich Solar Technologies
September 2018
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› Solar cell busbar designs
➢4 / 5 / 6 traditional solar cell bus bar layouts
➢Multiple busbar
› High efficiency solar cells (HJT, PERC) and half-cut-cell modules
› Alternative bonding technologies
➢Conductive adhesive solutions
➢Low temperature soldering applications
➢Lead-free
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL6
EMERGING DIRECTIONS IN CELL AND MODULE DESIGNS
September 2018
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DIVERSIFIED PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
AND SERVICE OFFERING
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HERAEUS CELL INTERCONNECTION MATERIALS
Heraeus cell interconnection materials | Dr. Ilka Luck| HPT-BD8
SCR™
Selectively coated cell connector
HECARO™
Electrically conductive adhesive
For up to 6 BB cells For high-efficiency module concepts (shingling, HJT,
BC)
2 Watt module power gain due to reduced shading 5 W module power gain (shingling) due to better use of
laminated module area and less ohmic losses
Plug & play (no additional process, no additional
equipment)
Reliable production equipment available
Proven device reliability Proven device reliability
September 2018
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›Silver coated grooved copper flat wire
› Internal reflection to increase module power output by app. 2%
→ statistically proven!
›Emerging cell/module technologies
› High efficiency solar cells HJT
› Conductive adhesive bonding solution
› Lead-free solution
›Module reliability proven!
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Christian Prischmann9
LIGHT CAPTURING RIBBON LCRTM
September 2018
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›Concentrically perfect solder coated round wire
›Silver cost reduction → busbar-less solar cells
›Module power increase because of internal light reflection
›Emerging cell/module technologies
› High efficiency solar cells HJT / half-cut-cell
› Multiple busbar design → 10 to 20 wires per solar cell
› Lead-free solution, low temperature
›Module reliability proven!
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Christian Prischmann10
MULTI TABBING WIRE MTW
September 2018
Smart Wire Connection Technology
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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL11
Thank you!
Please visit us at booth # 1358
September 2018
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Presentation by Dr. HongbinFang, LONGi Solar
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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Bifacial PERCBetter LCOE Solution
Hongbin Fang
Director of Product Marketing
September 26, 2018
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Mono PERC and Bifacial PERC
ARC SiNx
Electrode
N+ emitter
Rear passivation
Al fingers
ARC SiNx
Electrode
N+ emitter
Rear passivation
Rear AIBSFPERC
Bifacial PERC
P-type Si
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Product Feature
Application⚫ Utility
⚫ Commercial rooftop and carport
Performance and cost⚫ Front side efficiency equivalent to conventional PERC
⚫ Manufacturing cost comparable to conventional PERC
⚫ Bifacial light harvesting, 8%-25% power gain from rear side
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Optimize System Design toImprove Bifacial Energy Yield
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System Design with Bifacial Module
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Backside Energy Yield: Albedo
Bifacial gain improves with increasing ground Albedo
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Backside Energy Yield: Albedo and Height
⚫ Bifacial module backside energy
yield improves with increasing
Albedo (background reflectivity).
Selecting site with more reflective
background can improve overall
system energy yield
⚫ Increasing module height
improves backside energy yield,
as well as backside irradiance
uniformity
⚫ Module height (clearance from
ground) of 1m and above is
recommendedIrradiance at backside - Clearance 8 cm Irradiance at backside - Clearance 108 cm
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Bifacial PERC Module
Field Monitoring Data
⚫ Bifacial PERC Capacity 2.8kw, multi capacity 2.7kw, project located in Taizhou test site (N32.5°/ E119.9°), China
⚫ Fixed tilt configuration
⚫ With same background condition, increasing backside energy yield with increasing racking height
Data from Taizhou test site (N32.5°/ E119.9°)
13.5%
20.10%
23.70%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2
3
4
5
Multi Bifacial/TPO/1m Bifacial/TPO/1.5m Bifacial/TPO/2m
Dail
y e
nerg
y y
ield
(kW
h/k
W)
Daily energy yield (kWh/kW) Energy yield gain
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⚫ Bifacial PERC Capacity 18.9kw, std. mono capacity 18.25kw, project located in Pucheng, Shaanxi (N34.97°/E109.59°), China
⚫ Fixed tilt configuration (15 degree), distance to ground 1.6m
⚫ Three month monitoring data showed 11.27% energy yield from backside
Bifacial PERC Module
Field Monitoring Data
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Energ
y y
ield(
kW
h/W
p)
Bifacial PERC Std Mono Gain (%)
+11.27%
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⚫ Bifacial PERC project (336kw on single axis tracker) in Kubuchi, Inner Mongolia (N45.36°/E118.36°), China
⚫ 1Yr energy yield by Bifacial module + tracker is 26.7% higher than Multi module/fixed tilt and 15.9% higher than Multi/tracker
Bifacial PERC Module
Field Monitoring Data
Kubuqi Bifacial Field Data
+15.9%
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PERC Efficiency Improvement Potential
23.60%Dec. 2017
333.7W / 20.41%Jan. 2018
22.41%82.15%
( Bifaciality )
22.71%
23.68%Dec. 2017
360.3W(Half-cut) Apr. 2018
Bifacial PERC CellPERC Cell PERC Module
2017.10 2017.11 2017.12 2018.01 2018.04
Cell Efficiency Cell Efficiency Module Power
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Technology Strength Through Consistent R&D Investment
$379M2012-2017 accumulated
R&D spending
5-7%(of revenue)
260 patents awarded
460 staff member
12.924
39.1 46
86.6
176
4.90%
6.80% 6.90%
5% 4.90%
6.77%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
R&D investment per year
R&D ($M) % of revenue
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Largest Mono Wafer and Module Manufacturer
MonoWafer
Global market share by LONGi
MonoModule
35% 16%
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Thank You
for Your Attention
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Panel I:Emerging directions in cell and module designs
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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Panel I: Emerging directions in cell and moduledesigns
Tristan Erion-LoricoHead of PV Module Business,
Laboratory Services
Hongbin FangDirector of Product Marketing
Ilka LuckGlobal Head, New Product
Development & Technology
Christian PrischmannDirector of Technology
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Fireside chat with Tristan Erion-Lorico, DNV GL
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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DNV GL’s 2018 Product Qualification ProgramTest Sequences
DNV GL © 2018
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Panel II:Grid integration ofhigh levels of renewable energy
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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Panel II: Grid integration of high levels of renewableenergy
Marc Perez Senior Researcher Clean
Power Research
Michael O’BoyleElectricity Policy Manager
Energy Innovation
Mahesh Morjaria
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
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Marc PerezClean Power Research
Grid integration of high levels of renewable energySupply-Side Interventions
This study is based upon work supported by:National Science Foundation GRF Grant No. DGE 1144155
DoE Sunshot Grant No. DE-EE0007669Columbia University Center for Life Cycle Analysis
Clean Power Research
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Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
020
04
00
600
80
01
000
allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]
min
ne
_d
at.tp
i$G
lobal[1
:(2
4 *
5)]
W/m
2
1 day
Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
0200
400600
8001000
allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]
minne_dat.
tpi$Global[
1:(24 * 5)]
Stochastic sub-daily variability
1 day, hourly/15 min interval
0:00 12:006:00 18:00 00:00Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
02
00
400
60
080
01
00
0
allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]
min
ne
_d
at.
tpi$
Glo
ba
l[1
:(2
4 *
5)]
W/m
2
Deterministic diurnal variability
1 week, hourly intervalJan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan
24
68
dd$dates
dd
$tim
eseri
es
Stochastic Intra-day variability
kWh
/m2
1 year, daily interval
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan
80
10
01
20
140
16
01
80
200
allMISO$datetime
pre
dic
t(lo
ess(u
nlis
t(ts
) ~
unlis
t(dd),
da
ta.f
ram
e(m
m),
sp
an =
0.5
),
seq(1
, 1
2, le
ngth
.ou
t =
leng
th(a
llMIS
O$da
tetim
e))
)kW
h/m
2
Deterministic seasonal variability
1 year, monthly interval
What is required to achieve high penetration Renewables?
Variability on multiple timescales needs to be addressed.
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Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
01
02
03
04
05
060
allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]
pro
du
ctio
n.t
arg
et.
TS
[1:(
24
* 5
)]/1
000
Shortfall: discharge☾
Surplus: charge☀Energy Storage
Supply-Shapingvia Curtailment
Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
05
010
0150
200
2.9 x oversizing
allMISO$datetime[date_seq]
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan
020
00
400
060
00
800
010
000
120
00
97.1 % reduction in storage
allMISO$datetime
sto
r_chg
_dis
ch
arg
e[8
785
:len
gth
(sto
r_ch
g_d
ischa
rge
)]/1
000
Curtailed excessTo storage
From storage
Geographic Dispersion
Single pointDistributed
…Renders supply more predictable
What is required to achieve high penetration Renewables?
Corresponding Supply/Demand Imbalances must be corrected
Synergy with Wind
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan
80
10
01
20
140
16
01
80
200
allMISO$datetime
pre
dic
t(lo
ess(u
nlis
t(ts
) ~
unlis
t(dd),
da
ta.f
ram
e(m
m),
sp
an =
0.5
),
seq(1
, 1
2,
length
.ou
t =
leng
th(a
llMIS
O$da
tetim
e))
)
1 year
wind
solar
…leverages resourceanticorrelation
Existing FlexibleGen Capacity
Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed
01
02
03
04
050
60
allMISO$datetime[1:(24 * 5)]
pro
du
ctio
n.t
arg
et.
TS
[1:(
24
* 5
)]/1
00
0
Surplus: to storage or curtail
Shortfall: Dispatch existing gen
$Resiliency
Connection to Grid
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Just how far can we push high penetration at reasonable supply costs?
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
p: hourly w: 62 g: 5 s: long.term_high_utility.led dr: 3
Curtailment %
Jun 30 Jul 02 Jul 04 Jul 06
05
000
10
00
015
00
0
Hourly Production Target (zoom)
date
MN Load
Production Target
Normalized Hybrid RE production
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
p: hourly w: 62 g: 0 s: long.term_high_utility.led dr: 3
Curtailment %
LC
OE
($
/kW
h)
3.6 c/kWh LCOE
MW
h
LCO
E ($
/kW
h)
Oversizing factor
1x 1.2x 1.7x 2.5x 5x 100x
Optimal Wind/PV + Storage Meeting 95% Hourly Load in MN, 5% met by gas Utility-scale-led, High Technological Development in 2050, WACC of 3%
wind
PV
MN Load
Sample results from MN Solar Pathways Study using CPR Integration model
Oversizing Effect on Aggregate LCOE
oversizing factorLC
OE
(c/kW
h)
1 x 1.2 x 1.7 x 2.5 x 5 x 100 x
01
23
45
67
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Marc PerezClean Power Research
Grid integration of high levels of renewable energySupply-Side Interventions
This study is based upon work supported by:National Science Foundation GRF Grant No. DGE 1144155
DoE Sunshot Grant No. DE-EE0007669Columbia University Center for Life Cycle Analysis
Clean Power Research
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38
FLEXIBILITY: SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRATE
VARIABLE RENEWABLES
MIKE O’BOYLEFUTURE PV ROUNDTABLES E PT E M B E R 2 6 , 2 0 1 8
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39
FLEXIBILITY INCLUDES A SUITE OF OPTIONS
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40
IMPROVED OPERATIONS
▪ Expand the Energy Imbalance Market
▪ Additional regions
▪ Additional products
▪ Flexible imports
▪ RE providing reliability services
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41
DEMAND RESPONSE
Two kinds of demand response:
▪ Dispatchable
▪ Price-responsive
Potential for 6 GW in CA by 2025 (CPUC April 2016)
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42
GRID INFRASTRUCTURE
Transmission enables regional optimization (e.g. EIM, market expansion) & geographic diversity
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GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY
Managing predictable
variations:
• Linking negatively
correlated renewable
energy reduces need for
more expensive sources
of flexibility, e.g. natural
gas & storage
Source: J. Naughton, Wind Diversity Enhancement
of Wyoming, California Wind Energy Projects: Phase
2, Univ. of Wyoming, Wind Energy Research
Center, July 2015
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Grid-Flexible Solar: Enabling Clean Energy Grid ofthe Future
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Sources: “How solar power saved $6.7 million on a Tuesday”, by John Weaver, Sept 4, 2018, PV Magazine, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/09/04/how-solar-power-saved-6-7-million-on-a-tuesday/; “The duck curve comes to New England”, by Christian Roselund, May 8,2018, PV Magazine, https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/05/08/the-duck-curve-comes-to-new-england/
Tale of Two Days in Life of Solar … (in New England)
Goal: Integrate higher levels of solar… to increase system value … while dealing with intermittency challenges on the grid …power system flexibility is critical
~25GW
Solar 7% ofpeak demand
July 3, 2018
~13GW
Solar ~1/3 of peak demand
April 21, 2018
• Saves 14% Electricity Cost Over a Week • Electricity price -$2.65/MWh at 3 PM.
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“Grid Flexible” Solar Reduces Curtailment – An Illustration
• Dispatchable (Grid Flexible) solar contributes to regulation & balancing requirements, and
reduces solar curtailment
• Needs less thermal generation for regulation & balancing, which in turn results in lowered
midday thermal generation
Non-Dispatchable Solar Grid Flexible Solar
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170
180
190
200
210
220
230
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
RELATIVE TIME (sec)
Available MW Min allowed MW Commanded MW Measured MW
• 30MW headroom
• 4-sec AGC signal provided to Plant Controller
• Tests were conducted for
— Sunrise
— Middle of the day
— Sunset
AGC (Automated Generation Control) Tests – 300 MW Utility-Scale PV PlantP
OW
ER
(MW
)
MORNING
30MW Headroom
Available MW
MinimumAllowed MW
Measured MW
Commanded MW
SteamTurbine
PumpTurbine
Hydro CombinedCycle
LimitedEnergyStorage
GasTurbine
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Solar PV(Middle ofthe Day)
Solar PV(Sunset)
Solar PV(Sunrise
Regulation accuracy by PV Plant is about 24-30% points better than fast gas turbines
40%
63%
87-93%
Blue bars taken from the ISO’s informational submittal to FERC on the performance ofresources providing regulation services between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016
Source: http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdf
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Flexible & Dispatchable Solar … Key to Market Expansion & Value Retention
Better Integration And Scale Through Flexibility
Solar Energy
• Solar is part of mid-day load
offsets peak or near-peak
demand
• Energy-Only Value
Grid Flexible Solar
• Adds Grid Reliability Services
& Flexibility Value
Fully Dispatchable
Solar
• Storage (hours, not days) time-
shifts solar – fully dispatchable
• Adds Firm Generation Capacity
Value
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Key Messages – Grid Flexibility from Utility-Scale PV Plants
• Higher penetration of VRE (Variable Renewable
Energy) need Increased System Flexibility to manage
in variability and uncertainty on the grid and VRE
curtailment
• “VREs with the right operating characteristics are
necessary to decarbonize the grid” … CAISO
• Utility-scale PV Plants Can Provide Grid Flexibility &
Essential Reliability Services
Source: Using Renewables to Operate A Low-Carbon Grid, CAISO, NREL, First Solar Report. http://www.caiso.com/Documents/TestsShowRenewablePlantsCanBalanceLow-CarbonGrid.pdf
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Future PV Roundtableat Solar Power International 2018
PV evolution at every level, from cells and modules tothe grid
1
Initiative partner
September 2018 – Future PV Roundtable at SPI
Gold sponsors Silver sponsor: Partner: