Download - FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY. Skeletal System What is the Skeletal System? What is the Skeletal System? It is the bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects

FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL ANATOMYANATOMY

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

What is the Skeletal System?What is the Skeletal System?

It is the bones, tendons, ligaments and It is the bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects them all together.cartilage that connects them all together.


How does the Skeletal System help us?How does the Skeletal System help us?

1. 1. SUPPORT.SUPPORT. It supports our body, without we It supports our body, without we would be a pile of guts and skin on the ground.would be a pile of guts and skin on the ground.

2. 2. PROTECTS.PROTECTS. It protects our vital organs and It protects our vital organs and body tissue, E.g. Brain, eyes, heart etc…body tissue, E.g. Brain, eyes, heart etc…

3. 3. MOVEMENT.MOVEMENT. Provides the structure for us to Provides the structure for us to be able to move.be able to move.


ACTIVITY: ACTIVITY:

Complete the table.Complete the table.

Common Name Scientific Name

Skull

Jaw Bone

Collar Bone

Shoulder Blade

Breast Bone

Funny Bone

Spine

Hips

Wrist

Ankles

Thigh Bone

Knee Cap

Shin Bone

Muscular SystemMuscular System

TheThe Muscular system can be described as having either Muscular system can be described as having either voluntary (controlled) or involuntary ( no direct control) voluntary (controlled) or involuntary ( no direct control) muscles.muscles.

The 3 main types of muscles are;The 3 main types of muscles are;

1.1. Smooth muscleSmooth muscle are found in blood vessels or in the are found in blood vessels or in the intestinal walls are usually internal involuntary muscle.intestinal walls are usually internal involuntary muscle.

2.2. Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle are found in the walls of the heart and are are found in the walls of the heart and are involuntary.involuntary.

3.3. Skeletal muscleSkeletal muscle are external voluntary muscle like biceps are external voluntary muscle like biceps and quads.and quads.


Skeletal Muscle:Skeletal Muscle:

Attach to and cover the bony skeleton. Skeletal Attach to and cover the bony skeleton. Skeletal muscle fibres have the longest muscle cells; muscle fibres have the longest muscle cells; they have obvious stripes called striations and they have obvious stripes called striations and can be controlled voluntarily. Skeletal muscle can be controlled voluntarily. Skeletal muscle is responsible for overall body movement. It is responsible for overall body movement. It contracts fast, but tires easily, but can generate contracts fast, but tires easily, but can generate great amounts of force, and is easily adaptable.great amounts of force, and is easily adaptable.


Skeletal Muscle Fibre TypesSkeletal Muscle Fibre Types There are 2 different types of muscle cells. There are 2 different types of muscle cells. Type 1: Fast twitchType 1: Fast twitch Type 2: Slow twitch Type 2: Slow twitch Fast twitch muscles contract at faster rate but fatigue easily; Fast twitch muscles contract at faster rate but fatigue easily;

they are good for sprinting and power. Slow twitch muscles they are good for sprinting and power. Slow twitch muscles contract slower, but don’t fatigue as fast; they are good for contract slower, but don’t fatigue as fast; they are good for endurance. . Research states that all fibre types are changeable endurance. . Research states that all fibre types are changeable with training, so higher intensity training creates fast twitch with training, so higher intensity training creates fast twitch muscles (anaerobic), and low intensity trainings creates slow muscles (anaerobic), and low intensity trainings creates slow twitch muscles (aerobic).twitch muscles (aerobic).


ACTIVITY:ACTIVITY:

Fill in the muscles using correct anatomical Fill in the muscles using correct anatomical namesnames

Synovial JointsSynovial Joints

Synovial joints are freely movable, and the Synovial joints are freely movable, and the bones are separated by fluid containing joint bones are separated by fluid containing joint cavity. This allows the freedom of movement. cavity. This allows the freedom of movement. Most joints of the body fall into this class.Most joints of the body fall into this class.


There are 2 types of synovial joints;There are 2 types of synovial joints;

1.1. Hinge joint. Hinge joint. Allows back and forth Allows back and forth movements like bending and straightening. Eg knee movements like bending and straightening. Eg knee and knuckle.and knuckle.

2.2. Ball and socket joint.Ball and socket joint. Allows side to side, Allows side to side, back and forth and rotational movements. It is held back and forth and rotational movements. It is held in place by ligaments. Eg shoulder and hip. in place by ligaments. Eg shoulder and hip.


ACTIVITY.ACTIVITY.

What type of joints are the following?What type of joints are the following?

1.1. KneeKnee

2.2. ElbowElbow

3.3. ShoulderShoulder

4.4. HipHip

MovementsMovements

How does movement happen?How does movement happen?Muscle cells have contractile components. Muscle cells have contractile components.

This means that they have the ability to shortenThis means that they have the ability to shorten

and lengthen. Muscle is attached to bone via and lengthen. Muscle is attached to bone via

connective tissue called tendons. When a muscleconnective tissue called tendons. When a muscle

contracts it pulls on the bone over a joint and contracts it pulls on the bone over a joint and

creates movement. Muscles work in pairs. When creates movement. Muscles work in pairs. When

one muscle in a pair shortens the other must one muscle in a pair shortens the other must

lengthen to allow the movement to occur.lengthen to allow the movement to occur.

MovementsMovements

Flexion and Extension.Flexion and Extension.

Flexion is the bending or decreasing of the Flexion is the bending or decreasing of the

angle between the bones. Eg. Bending your angle between the bones. Eg. Bending your

arm through flexion at the elbow.arm through flexion at the elbow.

Extension is the straightening or increasing Extension is the straightening or increasing

of the angle of the bones. Eg. Straighteningof the angle of the bones. Eg. Straightening

your leg by extension at the knee.your leg by extension at the knee.

MovementsMovements

Abduction and adduction.Abduction and adduction.

Abduction is the movement of the bone awayAbduction is the movement of the bone away

from the midline. Eg. Doing a lateral raise. from the midline. Eg. Doing a lateral raise.

(movement on the way up.)(movement on the way up.)

Adduction is the movement of the bone Adduction is the movement of the bone

towards the midline. Eg. In the lateral raise,towards the midline. Eg. In the lateral raise,

(movement on the way down towards the body.)(movement on the way down towards the body.)

MovementsMovements

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

Dorsiflexion is the raising of the toes and footDorsiflexion is the raising of the toes and foot

towards the tibia.towards the tibia.

Plantarflexion is pointing of the toes.Plantarflexion is pointing of the toes.

MovementsMovements

Inversion and eversion.Inversion and eversion.

Inversion is the movement of the sole of the footInversion is the movement of the sole of the foot

inward at the ankle.inward at the ankle.

Eversion is the movement of the sole of the footEversion is the movement of the sole of the foot

outward at the ankle.outward at the ankle.

MovementsMovements

Pronation and supination.Pronation and supination.

Pronation is the crossing of the radius and the Pronation is the crossing of the radius and the

ulna, for eg when the palms are facing down.ulna, for eg when the palms are facing down.

Supination is movement of the bones so the Supination is movement of the bones so the

radius and ulna run parallel, for eg when your radius and ulna run parallel, for eg when your

Palms are facing up. Palms are facing up.

MovementsMovements

Circumduction.Circumduction.

Circumduction is movement of the bone so that Circumduction is movement of the bone so that

end describes a circle, and the bone make a coneend describes a circle, and the bone make a cone

around it.around it.

MovementsMovements

ACTIVITY. ACTIVITY. Complete the table.Complete the table.

Type of jointType of joint MovementsMovements Major muscles used in Major muscles used in movement.movement.

KneeKnee HingeHinge Extension andExtension and

flexion flexion Quadriceps andQuadriceps and

hamstringshamstrings

ShoulderShoulder

ElbowElbow

HipHip

Download - FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY. Skeletal System What is the Skeletal System? What is the Skeletal System? It is the bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects

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