ASIAHUMAN GEOGRAPHY
5 Themes of Geography for Asia
Relative Location: South of Russia, East of Europe, North of Australia
Place: Culturally, Asia has many similarities and differences. Physical features cause human and climate divisions (Himalayas separating India and China).
Movement: Mekong River flows through many countries (China through to Vietnam); major shipping resources; Silk Road (ancient roadway carrying merchants, ideas, facilitating trade
Region: South, East, & Southeast; Rice Bowl: region in China devoted to rice farming; technology region (Japan, Taiwan, South Korea); Indian Subcontinent
Human Environment Interaction: terrace farming
4
Population Density
26522
42
8747.6
17653
5282
865341
31536
0 200 400 600 800 1000People per square mile
Europe
Russia
North America
Japan
Middle America
South America
N. Africa/S.W. Asia
Subsaharan Africa
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Europe
Russia
North America
Japan
Austral
Middle America
South America
N. Africa/S.W. Asia
Subsaharan Africa
South Asia
East Asia
Southeast AsiaPacific
World Average = 117/mi2
Realm
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
5
PopulationMap ofSouth Asia
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
6Population Map of East Asia
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
7Population Map of Southeast Asia
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POPULATION DENSITY COMPARISONUnited States - Bangladesh
UNITED STATES 77 people/sq mile
BANGLADESH133,000,000
50,3002,644 people/
sq mile
Alabama 4.8 million people
91 people/ sq. mile
TIME OUT!Name countries that make up…
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Central Asia
10
Population and Settlement
Jakarta, Indonesia
9.6 million
Bandung, Indonesia
2.3 million
Bandung (2nd), Surabaya (3rd), and Medan (4th)combined
7.1 million
Southeast Asia is less than 30% urbanized
Many of region’s countries have primate cities (single, large urban settlements that overshadow all others)Efforts to
encourage growth of secondary cities
Squatter settlements are common in this region
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Population and Settlement Migration and the Settlement Landscape
South Asia is one of the least urbanized regions of the world Majority live in compact rural
villages Rural-to-urban migration because
lack of prosperity in agriculture Most settlement near fertile soils
and dependable water sources Urbanization in East Asia City Systems of Japan, and South Korea
South Korea noted for urban primacy Urban Primate City– the
concentration of urban population in a single city
Japan: Megalopolis; a huge zone of metropolitan areas
TIME OUT!1.) What is a primate city?
2.) What is a megalopolis?
3.) What can be inferred about a country that is extremely rural and many of its people engage in agriculture for a living?
13
Population and SettlementIndia has more than 1
billion people Concern about producing
enough food Overcrowding, poor
sanitation, servicesPakistan has 145 million
people Low rate of female
contraceptionBangladesh has 133.5
million people Has one of the highest
settlement densities in the world
“According to official figures, the projected population for Pakistan in 2015 is 191 million, up from the 170 million in 2011, making it the sixth most populous nation on earth. By 2050 it is expected to climb into fourth place.
This is bad news for a country that has struggled to provide its people with adequate food, health care or education. Malnutrition rates are high and are linked to 50 percent of infant and child deaths; there is one doctor for every 1,183 people; and the literacy rate of 57 percent is among the lowest in South Asia.”
-IRIN – Integrated Regional Information Networks (a service of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Population and Settlement Urban South Asia
About 25% of the South Asian population resides in urban areas Many live in bustees (sprawling squatter
settlements, slums)
Mumbai (Bombay) Largest city in South Asia Financial, commercial, and industrial center Less-fortunate immigrants live in “hutments”
– crude shelters built on formerly busy sidewalks
Delhi/New Delhi More than 11 million people India’s capital, has British colonial imprint Air pollution a problem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Criq7INq_yM
Watch this!
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Population and Settlement China: only 30% urban Japan: 92% urban Taiwan is most densely
populated; 22 million; 1,500 per square mil
KOREA: NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTSNORTH KOREA: 55% of the land on peninsula, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural
SOUTH KOREA: 45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly urbanized, modern factories
70 million on peninsula…North 20 mill, South 50 Mill); 1,150 per square mile
TIME OUT!1.) What are some problems associated with overpopulation in India and Pakistan?
2.) What is unique about the slums of Mumbai?
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A city-state, with modern infrastructure and no squatter settlement
SingaporeTop 3 most densely populated in the world!
TIME OUT!1.) Settlement throughout Asia is a matter of ________________.(highly urban/modern cities mixed with extremely rural/impoverished areas)2.) What are some of the less urban parts of Asia?3.) What places are known for being urban and industrial?
Asia and the Demographic Transition Think-pair-share with a partner
answering the following: Draw out the DTM together stages 1-
4. Can you do it without notes? Brainstorm: based on your prior
knowledge of Asia what factors, events, and economic characteristics have had an effect on the transition of Asian countries through the DTM.
Using the demographic statistics below, place a dot on the DTM handout where you think that country would go. On the back of the
handout explain WHY you think that country is in that stage.
Country CBR CDR NIR
Bangladesh 1950: 48.32012: 21.5
20.96.3
27.415.2
South Korea 1950: 35.82012: 10.2
16.45.1
19.44.9
Japan 1950: 28.22012: 5.2
10.910.1
17.3-2.0
India 1950: 21.62012: 33.9
12.57.0
15.221.7
Vietnam 1950: 44.72012: 5.2
24.25.2
20.612.0
Place a dot and label it based on the CBR & CDR statistics given
TIME OUT!
Let’s discuss the demographic transition model.
Can you guess the country? How does history relate to the DTM…
why the red?
Population growth
Comparing Europe to Asia
Population Pyramid Observation Share.
We are going to look at some population pyramids. Think-pair-share with a partner and analyze like the human geographer that you are.
Each group will share one observation with the class!
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
29DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION
Total fertility rates
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
1.44
1.65
1.24
1.66
2.06
Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff
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JAPAN’S AGE DISTRIBUTION
AGE GROUP
PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION
0-14 Years 18.4% 14.9%15-24 Years 15.4% 11.6%25-64 Years 54.5% 49.6%65+ Years 11.7% 23.9%
______________________________________________________
100% 100%
1990 2025
SOURCE: UNITED NATIONS WORLD POPULATIONPROSPECTS 1990 (NEW YORK: UNITED NATIONS, 1991)
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/09/15/national/japans-population-centenarians-continues-grow/#.VD3go2ddWSo
Japan’s population of centenarians continues to growAPSEP 15, 2014
Reaching the century mark remains a relative rarity for humans, but it is increasingly less so, and perhaps nowhere more than in rapidly aging Japan. The number of Japanese who are at least 100 years old, known as centenarians, has reached 58,820, according to the latest government estimate, released before Respect for the Elderly Day on Monday. A Japanese woman is the oldest person in the world, 116-year-old Misao Okawa, according to Guinness World Records. The oldest man is also Japanese, 111-year-old Sakari Momoi. Somewhat appropriately, one of the kanji in Momoi’s surname means “100,” and his given name translates as flourishing or the prime of life. Advances in health care are contributing to increased longevity in Japan and elsewhere. Japan now has 46.21 centenarians for every 100,000 people. In Japan, women live longer, with nearly 90 percent of the country’s centenarians females. Japan ranks near the top in average life expectancies: 86.61 years for women and 80.21 years for men.
Why Asia’s Greying Matters
Asia, long associated with its youthful armies of factory workers, is growing older fast. That threatens to slow the region’s turbo-charged growth in the years to come, and means investors will need to shift their Asian holdings to match the region’s maturing profile.
For some, that could mean shifting over time from markets in greying nations, such as China, South Korea and Taiwan, and into Asia’s more youthful economies – India, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Asia’s population is aging faster than any other region’s. While Japan’s population is already shrinking, in others population growth is slowing to nearly a halt. The average number of children born to women in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore is currently the lowest in the world, according to the CIA World Factbook.
The result is a declining number of workers due to retirement, and this means losing productivity due to not having the numbers of young labor to replace.
TIME OUT!
1.) What are the causes of Japan’s declining population?
Asia… a land of contrasts
Shanghai, China
Rural village, China
Pagoda in China Mosque in Indonesia
Sony electronic components assembly in Japan
Clothing factory in Bangladesh
Rice farming in Nepal
Rice farming in Indonesia
Public transportation in South Korea
Public transportation in India
Tokyo, capital of Japan
Ulan Bator, capital of Mongolia
TIME OUT!
Who can wrap up the main points of this first wave of information?
Topics to consider: population distribution, settlement patterns, issues caused by population growth, demographic transition causes and effects…anything else?
