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Approaches to Disaster Planning
Two types of planning
Emergency 0perations Plan
Emergency Support Function
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Planning Process
Identify Problems and NeedsSet GoalsDetermine ObjectivesSet PrioritiesDesign Action programsEvaluate Results
The Planning Cycle
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The Planning Process
Process or Paper?Planning is a comprehensive tool
that address:Mitigation
PreparednessResponseRecovery
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS)
A thirteen-step approach to disaster mitigation, designed to prevent injuries, reduce property damage and save lives.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS)
Hazard analysis Capability assessment Emergency operation
planning Mitigation efforts Emergency operations Evaluation
Capability shortfalls Multi-Year development Annual development
increment State and Local resource Federal resource Annual work increment
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Concept
To develop and maintain a credible emergency management system.
Agencies can begin to achieve this goal by:
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
The process includes two paths:
Steps 1-7 focus on current capabilities and activities.
Steps 8-13 is emphasizing capability improvements.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 1: Hazards Analysis Knowing what could happen, the likelihood of it happening, and having some idea
of the magnitude of the problems that could arise, are essential ingredients
for emergency planning.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 2: Capability Assessment The next step for the jurisdiction is to assess its current capability for
dealing with the hazards that have been identified in Step 1.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 3: Emergency Operations Plans A plan should be developed
with functional annexes common to the hazards identified in Step 1.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 4: Capability Maintenance. Once developed, the ability to take
appropriate and effective action against any hazard must be
continually monitored or it will diminish significantly over time.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 5: Mitigation Efforts Mitigating the potential effects of
hazards should be given high priority. Resources utilized to limit the effects of a hazard or reduce or eliminate the
hazard can minimize loss and suffering in the future.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 6: Emergency Operations The need to conduct emergency
operations may arise at any time and must be carried out under current plans and with current resources despite the existence of plans for
making improvements in the future.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 7: Evaluation The outcome of the emergency operations (Step 6) should be analyzed and assessed in
terms of actual vs. required capabilities and considered in
subsequent updates of Steps 2 and 8.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 8: Capability Shortfall The difference between current capability (Step 2) and the optimum capability reflected in the standards and criteria established by FEMA represents the
capability shortfall.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 9: Multi-Year Development Plan Based on the capability shortfall identified in Step 8, the jurisdiction
should prepare a multi-year development plan tailored to meet its
unique situation and requirements.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 10: Annual Development Increment With the multi-year development plan serving as a
framework for improving capability over time, the next step is to
determine in detail what is going to be done next year.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 11: State/Local Resources State and local governments are
expected to contribute financially and in-kind to capability development and
maintenance efforts as they have done in the past.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 12: Federal Resources The Federal Government will continue to
provide policy and procedural guidance, financial aid, technical
support, and staff resources to assist State and local governments in
developing and maintaining capability.
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The Integrated Emergency System (IEMS) Process
STEP 13: Annual Work Increment As capability development projects
and activities are completed, the jurisdiction's capability shortfall will be reduced. These improvements will
be reflected in the capability assessment and capability shortfall (Steps 2 and 8) as the results of the
process are reviewed each year.
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Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Who, What, When, Where, and How the Community will Respond
Centerpiece of a Comprehensive Emergency Management Program
Standard with Local, State & Federal
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Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Does:– Use a Team Approach
– Assigns responsibility
– Establishes Authority
– Identifies Resources
– Defines Roles & Responsibilities
– Provide Flexibility
Doesn’t– Provide Agency
Details
– Have Just One Author
– Deal with Just One Hazard
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Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan
Types of Plans:
Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) – Basic Plan
– Annexes
– Appendices
– Standard Operations Procedures
Emergency Support Functions.– Federal 12 ESF’s
– Florida 18 ESF’s
– Puerto Rico 15 ESF’s
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Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan Using the ESF Guidelines
– Federal Model– State Model– Local Model
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Components of the Federal Response Plan (ESFs)
Transportation Communications Public Works &
Engineering Fire Fighting Information&
Planning Mass Care
Resource Support Health & Medical
Services Urban Search &
Rescue Hazardous Materials Food Energy
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Emergency Support Functions (State, Sample)
Transportation Communications Public Works & Engineering Fire Fighting Information& Planning Mass Care Resource Support Health & Medical Services Urban Search & Rescue Hazardous Materials Food
Energy
Additional ESF for state and local Plans
(Non Federal) Public Security Donations Fiscal
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Emergency Support Functions (State, Florida)
Transportation Communications Public Works & Engineering Fire Fighting Information& Planning Mass Care Resource Support Health & Medical Services Urban Search & Rescue Hazardous Materials Food
Energy
Examples of additional ESF for state and local Plans (Non Federal)
Military Support Public Information Volunteers and Donations Animal Issues Other include: Business and, Industry and Tourism, Etc.
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Emergency Operations Plan
Using Guidelines in CPG 1-8, or
State and Local Guide (SLG) 101
CPG-1-8 is no longer published however, still a good reference
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Emergency Operations Plan Basic plan
– begins with a series of statements that serve as the introduction to the overall plan.
– The Basic plan is the umbrella document that draws together all other parts of the plan. Statement of Purpose Situations and Assumptions Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities Concept of Operations Administration and Logistics Plan Development and Maintenance Authorities and Reference
Definitions and Terms
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Emergency Operations PlanAnnexes the the Basic Plan
Direction and Control Warning Communications Public Information Evacuation Shelters Mass Care Health and Medical
Services
Law Enforcement Fire Search and Rescue Radiological Defense Engineering Services Agricultural Services Damage Assessment and
Analysis Transportation Resources Management Terrorism
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Emergency Operations PlanAppendices
An appendix contains details, methods and technical information
that are unique to specific hazards as being likely to pose a threat to the
community
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Emergency Operations PlanSOP and other attachments
Check lists
Charts
Maps
SOP’s
Catalogues of Resources
Call up lists
Contact lists, etc.
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Characteristics of a Good Plan
Clarity Accuracy -
– No Mistakes
Comprehensiveness Accessibility Conciseness
– The shorter the better
– Updated Regularly
Based on facts Based on Community
resources Used simple language Is a working, fluid
document Assigns Reps. to those
who know the mission
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Characteristics of a Bad Plan
Used as a Door Stop Weighs over three pounds Has dust on it Cannot be found, or absent during the
disaster Only one copy exists Has outdated phone #’s and names
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Summary
Training and Planning are comprehensive tools which address:
Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery