Emergency Emergency Evacuation Evacuation PlanningPlanning

Fire in the workplace Fire in the workplace became a significant life became a significant life safety issue when large safety issue when large factories began to factories began to appear during the appear during the Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution.Since then, workplaces Since then, workplaces have evolved into large have evolved into large industrial and office industrial and office complexes that house complexes that house thousands of occupants thousands of occupants during business hours. during business hours. When fire or other When fire or other hazards threaten these hazards threaten these workplaces, safe workplaces, safe evacuation of employees evacuation of employees becomes a challenge.becomes a challenge.

Initial PlanningInitial Planning►To provide minimum level of Safety in To provide minimum level of Safety in

the event of a Fire, all Buildings –the event of a Fire, all Buildings – must be properly constructed.must be properly constructed. must provide for Fire Detection & Alarm must provide for Fire Detection & Alarm

Systems.Systems. must have Fire Protection Systems.must have Fire Protection Systems. must incorporate proper egress components.must incorporate proper egress components. must encourage human interface with the must encourage human interface with the

Fire protection & egress components. Fire protection & egress components.

Jurisdiction Jurisdiction ►There should be a nominated There should be a nominated

Authority having jurisdiction over Authority having jurisdiction over development of procedures and development of procedures and codes.codes.

►““Authority having jurisdiction in the Authority having jurisdiction in the organization / office will be the organization / office will be the individual responsible for approving individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, installation and equipment, materials, installation and a procedures”.a procedures”.

Fire Safety in High-rise Fire Safety in High-rise BuildingsBuildings

►Requirements:Requirements: Must have a Fire safety manager responsible Must have a Fire safety manager responsible

for maintaining fire emergency plans, for maintaining fire emergency plans, co-ordinating activities of floor fire wardens co-ordinating activities of floor fire wardens and liaison with fire department. and liaison with fire department.

Assign a fire warden at each floor of building.Assign a fire warden at each floor of building. Ensure fire warden’s receive regular training. Ensure fire warden’s receive regular training. Make Fire warden’s responsible for safe Make Fire warden’s responsible for safe

evacuation of occupants on the floor and help evacuation of occupants on the floor and help those who need assistance. those who need assistance.

FIRE OFFICER FIRE OFFICER FOR BUILDINGS WITH HEIGHT MORE FOR BUILDINGS WITH HEIGHT MORE

THANTHAN 30 m 30 m

A qualified Fire Officer with A qualified Fire Officer with experience of not less than experience of not less than 3 years shall be appointed 3 years shall be appointed

who will be available on who will be available on the premises. the premises.

The Fire OfficerThe Fire Officer ► shall maintain the fire fighting equipment in shall maintain the fire fighting equipment in

good working condition at all times,good working condition at all times,► shall prepare fire orders and fire operational shall prepare fire orders and fire operational

plants and get them promulgated.plants and get them promulgated.► Shall impart regular training to the occupants Shall impart regular training to the occupants

of the buildings in the use of fire fighting of the buildings in the use of fire fighting equipments provided on the premises and equipments provided on the premises and keep them informed about the fire emergency keep them informed about the fire emergency evacuation plan.evacuation plan.

► Keep proper liaison with city Fire Brigade.Keep proper liaison with city Fire Brigade.► Ensure that all fire precautionary measures Ensure that all fire precautionary measures

are observed at the times. are observed at the times.

HelipadHelipadFor high rise building For high rise building

above 60 mtrs. in above 60 mtrs. in height provision for height provision for helipad should be helipad should be

made. made.

Human behaviour during Human behaviour during EmergenciesEmergencies

►Studies indicate that the action of Studies indicate that the action of people to an emergency condition people to an emergency condition relates to the under mentioned factors:relates to the under mentioned factors: Individual’s assumed role Individual’s assumed role Previous experience Previous experience Awareness & EducationAwareness & Education Personality Personality Perceived threat Perceived threat Actions of others influence individual’s Actions of others influence individual’s

behaviour. behaviour.

Emergency Evacuation Emergency Evacuation PlanPlan

► Minimum elements of an Evacuation Plan Minimum elements of an Evacuation Plan must include :must include : Emergency escape procedures.Emergency escape procedures. Escape Routes.Escape Routes. Employee procedures for those who conduct Employee procedures for those who conduct

operations before they evacuate.operations before they evacuate. Procedures to account for all employees after Procedures to account for all employees after

evacuation completed.evacuation completed. Duties for employees designated to perform Rescue Duties for employees designated to perform Rescue

& Medical functions.& Medical functions. The preferred means of reporting emergencies.The preferred means of reporting emergencies. The designated people/departments that can be The designated people/departments that can be

contacted/alerted after an emergency.contacted/alerted after an emergency.

The plan must be in written format and The plan must be in written format and reviewed periodically. reviewed periodically.

Means of EgressMeans of Egress►Means of egress is an important element Means of egress is an important element

in evacuation planning and generally in evacuation planning and generally consist of following components: consist of following components: Exit accessExit access: Space occupied and travels in : Space occupied and travels in

reaching an exit (frequently a corridor or reaching an exit (frequently a corridor or aisle way)aisle way)

ExitExit: A protected path of travel usually an : A protected path of travel usually an enclosed stairway in multiple-level building.enclosed stairway in multiple-level building.

Exit dischargeExit discharge: The portion between the : The portion between the termination of an exit and a public way such termination of an exit and a public way such as a public street or parking lot.as a public street or parking lot.

The Fire Evacuation DrillThe Fire Evacuation Drill►The fire evacuation drill is a periodic The fire evacuation drill is a periodic

emergency procedure to familiarize emergency procedure to familiarize employees of a facility with location employees of a facility with location of means of egress components and of means of egress components and ensure that they react properly in the ensure that they react properly in the event of an actual emergency. event of an actual emergency.

The Fire Evacuation DrillThe Fire Evacuation Drill► ObjectivesObjectives: :

To enable the occupant to recognize the To enable the occupant to recognize the evacuation alarm.evacuation alarm.

To enable the occupant to take appropriate To enable the occupant to take appropriate actions before evacuating. actions before evacuating.

To initiate evacuation process using the To initiate evacuation process using the prescribed routes of egress under the prescribed routes of egress under the emergency plan. emergency plan.

To enable occupant to provide assistance to To enable occupant to provide assistance to visitors/ others experiencing difficulty. visitors/ others experiencing difficulty.

To enable occupant to take evasive action if the To enable occupant to take evasive action if the selected means of egress is unsafe. selected means of egress is unsafe.

To make a report to the assembly area monitor To make a report to the assembly area monitor at the assigned assembly point.at the assigned assembly point.

Frequency of Fire Evacuation Frequency of Fire Evacuation DrillsDrills

►Drills should be conducted as per the Drills should be conducted as per the emergency plan once every three emergency plan once every three months for existing buildings during months for existing buildings during the first two years. Thereafter at the first two years. Thereafter at least once every six months. least once every six months.

►All occupants must participate All occupants must participate ►A written record of such drills should A written record of such drills should

be kept on the premises for a three be kept on the premises for a three year period and readily available for year period and readily available for fire brigade inspection. fire brigade inspection.

Fire Drill StaffFire Drill Staff►Emergency DirectorEmergency Director►Dy. Emergency DirectorDy. Emergency Director►Fire Wardens / Dy. Fire Fire Wardens / Dy. Fire

WardensWardens►Building Evacuation SupervisorBuilding Evacuation Supervisor►Emergency Response Team Emergency Response Team

Emergency DirectorEmergency Director► Be familiar with fire emergency plan. Be familiar with fire emergency plan. ► Select, organize, train and supervise Select, organize, train and supervise

qualified building service employees for a fire qualified building service employees for a fire party. party.

► Responsible for availability and state of Responsible for availability and state of readiness of fire party. readiness of fire party.

► Conduct fire & evacuation drills. Conduct fire & evacuation drills. ► Responsible for designating, supervising and Responsible for designating, supervising and

training of fire wardens for each floor. training of fire wardens for each floor. ► Notify any negligence on part of designated Notify any negligence on part of designated

individual to the owner. individual to the owner. ► Responsible for training and supervising Responsible for training and supervising

activities of Building evacuation supervisor. activities of Building evacuation supervisor.

Emergency DirectorEmergency Director►In the event of fire: In the event of fire:

Report to fire command stationReport to fire command station Ensure fire department notified Ensure fire department notified Man fire command stationMan fire command station Direct evacuation procedures Direct evacuation procedures Report conditions of fire to fire Report conditions of fire to fire

brigade on arrival. brigade on arrival. Advice fire brigade in-charge on Advice fire brigade in-charge on

operation of fire command operation of fire command station. station.

Deputy Emergency DirectorDeputy Emergency Director►Perform duties of Emergency Perform duties of Emergency

Director in his absence. Director in his absence. ►Assist Emergency director in Assist Emergency director in

organizing coordinating and organizing coordinating and supervising the evacuation supervising the evacuation drill. drill.

Emergency WardensEmergency Wardens► The occupants of each floor upon request of The occupants of each floor upon request of

the owner/ person in-charge of the building the owner/ person in-charge of the building make available suitable employees to be make available suitable employees to be designated as Wardens/ Dy. Wardens by the designated as Wardens/ Dy. Wardens by the Emergency Director. Emergency Director.

► The evacuation of each floor of building will The evacuation of each floor of building will be under the direction of such warden. be under the direction of such warden.

► A Dy. Warden shall be provided each tenancy A Dy. Warden shall be provided each tenancy (for 700 mt(for 700 mt22 of floor area) of floor area)

► Each warden should be aware of the fire Each warden should be aware of the fire safety plan, location of exits and fire alarm safety plan, location of exits and fire alarm systems. systems.

Emergency WardensEmergency Wardens► Prepare organizational chart for each floor Prepare organizational chart for each floor

and give a copy to the Emergency Director.and give a copy to the Emergency Director.► Keep details all personal with physical Keep details all personal with physical

disabilities.disabilities.► Wear suitable identification during drills. Wear suitable identification during drills. ► Search other areas for occupants before Search other areas for occupants before

evacuating. evacuating. ► Perform head count after evacuation.Perform head count after evacuation.► On alarm must position himself closed to On alarm must position himself closed to

the communication station of the floor. the communication station of the floor.

Emergency WardensEmergency WardensIn the event of FireIn the event of Fire

► Give priority for immediate evacuation of the fire Give priority for immediate evacuation of the fire floor & floors immediately above.floor & floors immediately above.

► Supervise evacuation of two or more levels below Supervise evacuation of two or more levels below fire floor as deemed necessary and inform FCS on fire floor as deemed necessary and inform FCS on his location. his location.

► Wardens must alert all occupants of the fire, Wardens must alert all occupants of the fire, immediately proceed as per emergency plan and immediately proceed as per emergency plan and inform FCS. inform FCS.

► Advice not to use elevators (specially those Advice not to use elevators (specially those servicing the fire floor)servicing the fire floor)

► Select safest stairway for evacuation based on Select safest stairway for evacuation based on location of fire. location of fire.

► Inform FCS on mode of evacuation by the Inform FCS on mode of evacuation by the occupants of his floor. occupants of his floor.

Building Evacuation Building Evacuation SupervisorSupervisor

► Building evacuation supervisor is required Building evacuation supervisor is required at all times other than normal working or at all times other than normal working or business hours when there is no business hours when there is no Emergency Director. Emergency Director.

► He should be capable of directing He should be capable of directing evacuation of occupants as per emergency evacuation of occupants as per emergency plan. plan.

► During fire emergency he shall man the During fire emergency he shall man the FCS. FCS.

► His training and supervision will be under His training and supervision will be under the direction of Emergency Director. the direction of Emergency Director.

Emergency Response TeamEmergency Response Team In the event of Fire AlarmIn the event of Fire Alarm

► Report to floor below the fire to assist in Report to floor below the fire to assist in evacuation and provide information to FCS. evacuation and provide information to FCS.

► Endeavour to control spread of fire by Endeavour to control spread of fire by closing doors etc. after evacuation.closing doors etc. after evacuation.

► Attempt containment of fire till arrival of fire Attempt containment of fire till arrival of fire brigade. brigade.

► Leave one member on the floor below the Leave one member on the floor below the fire to guide fire brigade. fire to guide fire brigade.

► After arrival of fire brigade, the fire party After arrival of fire brigade, the fire party shall report to FCS. shall report to FCS.

► Designate one member to act as Runner. Designate one member to act as Runner.

Drill EvaluatorDrill Evaluator►The Emergency Director should invite The Emergency Director should invite

experts from other buildings having experts from other buildings having requisite experience of conducting fire requisite experience of conducting fire evacuation drills to evaluate the Fire evacuation drills to evaluate the Fire drill. drill.

►He will monitor occupant actions during He will monitor occupant actions during the fire drill and report his findings to the fire drill and report his findings to the fire safety director after the the fire safety director after the completion of the drill. completion of the drill.

Designate Areas of Designate Areas of RefugeRefuge

►Area of refuge must be considered as they Area of refuge must be considered as they offer alternative to complete evacuation. offer alternative to complete evacuation.

► It is defined as an area that is eitherIt is defined as an area that is either A storey in the building where it is protected A storey in the building where it is protected

through out by an approved & supervise through out by an approved & supervise automatic sprinkler system and has not less automatic sprinkler system and has not less than two accessible rooms / spaces separated than two accessible rooms / spaces separated from each other by smoke resisting partitions. from each other by smoke resisting partitions.

A space located in a path of travel leading to a A space located in a path of travel leading to a public way that is protected from effects of fire. public way that is protected from effects of fire.

SAMPLE PRE-DRILL MEANS OF EGRESS SAMPLE PRE-DRILL MEANS OF EGRESS CHECKLISTCHECKLIST

Item Yes No Comment/ActionRequired

1. Facility evacuation routes are posted in the required locations.

2. Evacuation signs are in good condition.

3. Exits are clearly marked.

4. Exit signs are properly illuminated.

5. Exit doors are in good repair and operating properly.

6. Egress routes (corridors and stairways) are free of hazards or obstructions.

7. Corridors and stairways are properly lighted.

Evacuation Drill Planning FormEvacuation Drill Planning FormDrill coordinator: __________________________________________________________________

Date and time of planned drill: ______________________________________________________

Drill objective: _____________________________________________________________________

Drill evaluators/ assignment________________________________________________________

Drill staff/assignment: _____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Warden assignments are current and list is 'up to date. Y/ N

Comment: _________________________________________________________________________

List of employees requiring assistance is current? Y/ N

Comment: _________________________________________________________________________

Fire department has been notified and invited to participate? Y / N

Comment: _________________________________________________________________________

EVACUATION DRILL PLANNING FORM(cont’d)EVACUATION DRILL PLANNING FORM(cont’d)

Building management has been notified? ___________________________________Comment:_____________________________________________________________ Building security has been notified? Y/N

Comment:_____________________________________________________________Emergency plan has been reviewed and verified to be current? Y/N Comment: _____________________________________________________________Building occupants/tenants have been trained on emergency plan? Y/N

Comment: _____________________________________________________________Means of egress has been verified as safe for use during drill? Y/NDate inspection was conducted:____________________________________________Comment:_____________________________________________________________Fire drill coordinator:______________________________ Date:_________________Comments:____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Building manager approval:Signature:____________________________________ Date:____________________

Fire Drill EvaluationFire Drill Evaluation

Evacuation Staff Response Yes No

Area wardens and evacuation staff were properly identified

Evacuation staff reported to proper locations on floor

Aides for disabled occupants were available and assisted occupants to a safe location to await evacuation

All areas of floor were searched and occupants were in process of evacuation before the warden evacuated the area

Stair monitors waited for all occupants in area to evacuate before evacuating

Drill monitor:___________________________________________________________________Date:_____________________________________ Time of alarm:_______________________

Comments on evacuation staff response_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fire Drill Evaluation (contd.)Fire Drill Evaluation (contd.)Occupant Response Yes No

Reacted to alarm immediately .

Knew the location of alternate means of egress from work area

Attempted to use elevators for evacuation

Evacuated area in orderly manner

Responded to directions from evacuation staff

Visitors in area were directed to evacuate

Interior doors were closed on evacuation

Occupants reported to assigned assembly point and checked in with monitor

,

Names of occupants who did not evacuate recorded on this sheet

Any QuestionsAny Questions

The EndThe End