Engineering Excellence
www.sestrainingsolutions.co.uk
Specialists in Training & Consultancy
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UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
Standard Switching Terminology and Approved Abbreviations
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UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
Revision Log
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UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
CONTENTS PAGE
1 Introduction............................................................................................... ................................ 4
2 Purpose ............................................................................................... ...................................... 4
3 Scope ............................................................................................... ......................................... 4
4 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 4
5 Switching Terminology............................................................................................... ................. 4
6 Abbreviations............................................................................................... .............................. 4
7 Appendix 1 – Switching Instructions ............................................................... .............................. 5
8 Appendix 2 – Acceptable Abbreviations............................................................... .......................... 7
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UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
1 INTRODUCTION
To ensure uniformity and avoid misunderstanding, instructions for the operation of switchgear Shallwherever possible be given using standard Switching terminology. The use of abbreviations in operationaldiscussions or for use on Switching Schedules or Safety Documents Shall also follow an agreed standard.
2 PURPOSE
2.1 To provide details of the Approved Switching Terminology and acceptable abbreviations suitable foruse on Switching Schedules, Safety Documents and other operational documents.
3 SCOPE
3.1 This policy applies to all Site Energy Services Ltd employees and its contractors who areinvolved with operational activities where documents such as those detailed above arerequired.
4 DEFINITIONS
The words printed in bold text within this document are either headings or definitions. The definitions areeither defined within this section or the Company’s Distribution Safety Rules.
5 SWITCHING TERMINOLOGY
5.1 Wherever possible, standard terminology should be used when instructing/ receiving Switchinginstructions on the Company’s High Voltage System and when preparing Switching Schedules.
5.2 Due to the variation of switchgear on the System it is impractical to provide detailed Switchingterminology for each individual piece of Apparatus.
5.3 It remains the responsibility of the Authorised Person on site to carry out the necessary actions onthe Apparatus to achieve the required operation.
5.4 Typical Switching and Operational instructions are included in Appendix 1.
6 ABBREVIATIONS
6.1 The use of abbreviations is optional, however where they are used they should wherever possiblefollow those detailed in this policy.
6.2 A list of acceptable abbreviations is contained in Appendix 2.
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Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
7 APPENDIX 1 – SWITCHING INSTRUCTIONS
Where confirmation of the state of Apparatus is sought the term ‘Confirm’ may be used to supplement aSwitching Instruction e.g. ‘CONFIRM OPEN’ or CONFIRM CME REMOVED’.
HV Switching Instruction
TO MAKE PARALLEL
CLOSE TO ENERGISE
TO POSSIBLE FAULT
DEAD OPERATION
LIVE LINE DISCONNECT (USING LIVE TECHNIQUES)
PADMOUNT OPERATIONS
DISCONNECT
HV FUSES OR HV LINKS
REMOVE
OPEN AND LEAVE HANGING
TO BREAK PARALLEL
OPEN TO DE-ENERGISE
DEAD OPERATION
LIVE LINE RE-CONNECT (USING LIVE TECHNIQUES)
RE-CONNECT
REPLACE
HANG ONLY
HV Isolation Instruction
APPLY L&CN
APPLY CN
APPLY L&CN TO ??? (?=CIRCUIT, BUSBAR OR VT SHUTTERS)
ISOLATE
REMOVE L&CN ONLY
REMOVE L&CN AND CLOSE
REMOVE CN ONLY
REMOVE CN AND ???????
RESTORE TO SERVICE
HV Earthing Operation Instruction
CLOSE TO EARTH
TEST AND CLOSE EARTH SWITCH
CLOSE EARTH SWITCH
TEST AND APPLY PORTABLE FLEXIBLE EARTH
TEST AND APPLY CME
SELECT TO ??? EARTH (?= CIRCUIT OR BUSBAR)
CLOSE TO ??? EARTH (?= CIRCUIT OR BUSBAR)
OPEN FROM EARTH
OPEN EARTH SWITCH
REMOVE PORTABLE FLEXIBLE EARTH REMOVE CME
LV Operation Instruction
APPLY LV BACKFEED
ISOLATE & APPLY CN
REPLACE LV FUSE
REMOVE LV BACKFEED
REMOVE CN & RESTORE
REMOVE LV FUSE
Generator Instructions
CONNECT LV GENERATOR - DEAD
CONNECT LV GENERATOR - SYNCH
REMOVE LV GENERATOR – DEAD
REMOVE LV GENERATOR - SYNCH
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Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
Safety Documents
ISSUE PTW
RE-ISSUE PTW
ISSUE SFT
RE-ISSUE SFT
ISSUE LOA
ISSUE SAFETY DECLARATION
ISSUE IEC
CANCEL PTW
SUSPEND PTW
CANCEL SFT
SUSPEND SFT
CANCEL LOA
CANCEL SAFETY DECLARATION
CANCEL IEC
Field Control
ISSUE STANDARD FIELD CONTROL RETURN STANDARD FIELD CONTROL
ISSUE ENHANCED FIELD CONTROL RETURN ENHANCED FIELD CONTROL
Cables
INFORM CONTROL ABOUT TO SPIKE
CONFIRM CABLE IDENTIFIED
INFORM CONTROL CABLE SPIKED
Testing
CARRY OUT PHASE CHECK
CHECK PHASE ROTATION
CARRY OUT PROTECTION TEST
PHASE CHECK REQUIRED
CHECK VOLTS
CARRY OUT TRIP TEST
NER’s
CLOSE TO RESISTANCE EARTH
CLOSE TO SOLID EARTH
OPEN FROM RESISTANCE EARTH
OPEN FROM SOLID EARTH
Overhead Activities
LIVE LINE WORK
BREAK JUMPERS
SWITCH OFF AUTO RECLOSE
FIT LL BYPASS JUMPERS
REMAKE JUMPERS
SWITCH ON AUTO RECLOSE
Miscellaneous
CHECK & RESET PROTECTION REMOVE TRIP LINK
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Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
8 APPENDIX 2 – ACCEPTABLE ABBREVIATIONS
AAC Alternating Current ABSD Air Break Switch Disconnector
ACB Air Circuit Breaker AE Additional Earth
AR Auto Reclose ASL Automatic Sectionalising Link
Aux. Auxiliary AVC Automatic Voltage Control
BBB Busbar BBSS Bus Bar Selector Switch
BBI Bus Bar Isolator BC Bus Coupler
BS Bus Section
CCB Circuit Breaker CCT Circuit
CME Circuit Main Earth CN Caution Notice
CO Change Over (Scheme) CO2 Carbon Dioxide fire protection
CT Current Transformer
DDAR Delayed Auto Reclose DC Direct Current
DEF Directional Earth Fault DNE Direct Neutral Earth
DOC Directional Over Current DN Danger Notice
DT Distribution Transformer
E
EF Earth Fault ES Earth Switch
ET Earthing Transformer EFI Earth Fault Indicator
FFT Fault Thrower Fdr.I Feeder isolator
IIEC Isolation and Earthing Certificate
L
L&CN Lock and Caution Notice L&CN BBS Lock and Caution Notice Busbar Shutters
L&CN FS Lock and Caution Notice Feeder Shutters L&CN BFS Lock and Caution Notice Busbar and Feeder Shutters
LDC Line Drop Compensation LES Line Earth Switch
LI Line Isolator LL Live Line
LLT Live Line Tap LOA Limitation of Access
LO Lock Off LV Low Voltage
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Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED
MMDI Maximum Demand Indicator MI Motorised Power Isolator
MOAB Motorised Air Break MU Metering Unit
NNER Neutral Earthing Resistor NI Non-Interlocked
NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement
OOC Overcurrent OH Overhead
OHL Overhead Line
PP(n) Pole (number) PFM Post Fault Maintenance
PRM Planned Routine Maintenance PTW Permit to Work
PM Pole Mounted PMR Pole Mounted Recloser
PT Pole Transformer
RREF Restricted Earth Fault RM Routine Maintenance
RMU Ring Main Unit
SSBEF Standby Earth Fault SD Switch Disconnector
Sec. Sup. Secondary supplies SEF Sensitive Earth Fault
Seq. Sw. Sequence Switching scheme SF Switchfuse
SFT Sanction For Test SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride
SGT Super Grid Transformer SL Safety Lock
SOP Suspension of Operating Practice SOR System Operational Requirement
SS Substation SW Switch
Sync Synchronisation
TT Tower TC Tap Changer
TX Primary Transformer
UUG Underground
VVT Voltage Transformer
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Site Energy Services
Training Solutions & Assessment
Senior Authorised Persons Module 1
INDUCTION
Welcome to the training centre, please be aware this is a
working environment and you should treat it as such.
In the rooms you will find information on the address of the
centre, should you require it in an emergency.
Please always make your tutor / or assessor aware of any
issues that a rise. We want you to enjoy the course and the
environment your in. Whilst learning something.
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ADMINISTRATION
If you have not done so, please complete the attendance
sheet for the course you are attending. This will be a
register should an evacuation occur. This is to be done
daily.
DO NOT ENTER INTO PRIVATE OFFICE AREAS WITHOUT
PERMISSION. Or you may be asked to leave the premises.
Car Parking is free but look out for pedestrians and other
vehicles on the site. Because the area is large, vehicles
and pedestrians tend to approach from all angles.
ADMINISTRATION
THE CANDIDATES EMPLOYERS ASK TO BE NOTIFIED OF
ANY ABSENCES / LATE ARRIVALS / EARLY DEPARTURES.
TELEPHONE FACILITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR
REASONABLE USE UPON REQUEST IN THE RECEPTION
AREA.
PLEASE LEAVE MOBILE TELEPHONES SWITCHED OFF
DURING TRAINING.
THE CENTRE TELEPHONE NUMBER IS 01782 461506
E-MAIL ADDRESS IS [email protected]
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Personal Belonging Disclaimer
Site Energy Services Ltd cannot
accept responsibility for loss or
damage of property or vehicles
left on the car park or in the
training centre.
BREAK PERIODS
PLEASE CLEAR AWAY AFTER YOU.
ANY SPILLAGES PLEASE CLEAN UP OR ASK OUR RECEPTION STAFF
TO.
DISPOSE OF ANY LEFTOVERS IN THE BIN PROVIDED, AND PLACE
CUPS IN THE DISHWASHER.
PLEASE LEAVE CHAIRS TIDY
TREAT OUR PREMISES WITH RESPECT PLEASE, NO FEET ON
FURNITURE OR DIRTY CLOTHING.
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HEALTH
SMOKING
THE CENTRE IS DESIGNATED A
‘NO SMOKING AREA’.
SMOKING IS THEREFORE NOT PERMITTED
EXCEPT IN DESIGNATED AREAS OUTSIDE THE
BUILDING.
HEALTH
FIRST AID
NO MEDICINES OR PAIN KILLERS WILL BE
OFFERED OR ADMINISTERED TO YOU.
A FIRST AIDER IS ALWAYS ON THE PREMISES TO
OFFER ASSISTANCE, REPORT TO ADMIN IN THE
RECEPTION OR YOUR TUTORFULL FIRST AIDERS ARE: WENDY, CARL OR MICHAELEMERGENCY FIRST AIDERS: SIMON
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SAFETY
PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
NO PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAY BE
BROUGHT ON SITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE
CENTRE MANAGER.
We accept phone chargers and laptops placed to avoid
tripping hazards.
Be Careful and do watch your step
Controlling slips and trips risks at work
See it, sort it, or tell us to sort it!
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SAFETY
STATUTORY REGULATIONS
THE TRAINING CENTRE IS A WORK PLACE AND AS
SUCH ALL APPROPRIATE STATUTORY REGULATIONS
MUST BE OBSERVED.
DRUGS, ALCOHOL AND SOLVENT ABUSE WILL NOT BE
TOLERATED.
WILL CANDIDATES REFRAIN FROM LEANING BACK ON
CHAIRS AS WE WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR
ACCIDENTS OCCURING. COATS / JACKETS CAN BE
PLACED ON THE COAT HOOKS PROVIDED.
EVACUATIONFOR EVACUATION OF THE BUILDING PLEASE GATHER at the Red Post Box at the end of the drive at the front of the building
THIS WILL ALLOW TRAINERS OR THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR VISITORS TO CONFIRM ALL PERSONS HAVE LEFT THE BUILDING.
FIRE ESCAPES ARE LOCATED AT THE REAR OF THE BUILDING VIA THE WORKSHOP.
OR LEAVE IN AN ORDERLEY FASHION BY THE FRONT ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDING.
IT IMPORTANT YOU DO THIS TO AVOID US OR THE EMERGENCY SERVICES FROM UNNECESSARILY LOOKING FOR YOU.
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You are here!
Please muster in this area indicated by red arrow point on evacuation of the premises.Although we evacuate, other premises may still be unaware of the issue we have in our centre so please look out for traffic when walking to the muster point
You are here
Red Post Box
PROBLEMS WITH ANY ASPECT OF THE TRAINING
COURSE WHETHER ADMINISTRATIVE, OR
OPERATIONAL SHOULD BE INITIALLY ADDRESSED TO
THE COURSE TUTOR, BUT IF NOT RESOLVED, TO THE
CENTRE MANAGER, AND IF STILL NOT RESOLVED, TO
THE MANAGING DIRECTOR.
THE COURSE EVALUATION SHEETS MAY ALSO BE
USED FOR IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS OR
CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM
APPEALS
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If for any reason you cannot attend any of your course,
your assessment will not take place.
Please make every effort to attend, as all aspects of the
course are essential.
Attendance
House keeping
Telephones
Fire Alarms
Are you sitting comfortably ?
Facilities
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House keeping
Can you now complete the learner
registration form please.
Have you signed the attendance
register?
Introductions
Who am I & who are you?
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Site Energy Services SES
In the past 10 years, 131 people were killed and 3,374 injured through accidents or by deliberate interference with electricity supplies: an average of 13 fatalities and 337 injuries a year.
So why are we here?
To enable you as Senior Authorised Persons to continuemanaging personnel to:
•enter substations
•switch room’s for specific duties
•work in the vicinity of electrical apparatus using safepractices, aware of the requirement for appropriate safetydocuments to have been issued
•recognise the dangers associated with high and low voltagepower equipment.
Whilst enforcing awareness for the implementation of safesystems of works (SSOW) for business premises and assets
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So what is High Voltage
High Voltage
a voltage exceeding 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC –modern large ships, factories etc
Low Voltage
a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC – your home, small businesses
So?
What’s in it?
What way does it?
What way can it turn?
How do we measure it?
How do we compare it?
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Safety Rules
Safety Rules are designed to ensure the safe operation of plant and apparatus, and ensure that the general public and Persons at work are safe guarded from hazards arising from the system
By following yours you are going to some length to stay within the law.
Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
This set of Basic Safety Rules and has been compiled to cover in a compact and easily understood form those features of the Rules that directly concern those to whom they are issued. It is important that recipients should, in their own interests, be fully familiar with these Basic Safety Rules to ensure their own safety. They Shall also report all hazards to their Supervisor. It is the duty of all persons who may be concerned with the control, operation, work or testing, on or in the near vicinity of apparatus or plant to which these rules apply, to implement the Safety Rules and to comply with them and with related Codes and Procedures.
Ignorance of the relevant legal requirements, Safety Rules, Codes or Procedures Shall not be accepted as an excuse for neglect of duty.
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Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
1 No person Shall enter a substation, open a link or box or distribution pillar, climb a pole or tower, touch the insulation covering or supporting any Conductor, disturb a cable, or interfere with any other item of electrical equipment unless they are specifically authorised in writing to carry out these duties, or have received a particular instruction to do so. Any written authorisation given to persons to perform theirdesignated role in implementing the Basic Safety Rules Shall indicate the class / voltage of operation and/or work permitted and the section of system to which the authorisation applies.
Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
2 No person Shall commence work until he fully understands the instructions he has received and in no circumstances Shall he exceed those instructions.
Should any person consider that the instructions given cannot be carried out safely, he has the right to have the matter referred to a higher authority for a decision before proceeding.
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Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
3 No person Shall interfere with earth connections, locks. Danger and Caution Notices, safety barriers, lamps or flags or other safety devices.
These Shall be moved only by, or under the Personal Supervision of an Authorised Person. No work Shall be done outside the demarcated work area/work zone defined by Danger and Caution Notices, roping, barriers or other means.
Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
4 No person Shall enter an underground chamber through a restricted access such as a manhole, or a vessel that has previously contained oil or other flammable or toxic substances, until instructed to do so by the 'person-in-charge' after the necessary safety precautions have been taken and unless, where necessary, there is a person outside who Shall keep in touch with those inside the underground chamber or vessel.
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Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
5 No person Shall smoke or use an exposed flame in any underground chamber, indoor substation, tunnel or other similar enclosure until it has been established by the 'person-in-charge' that it is safe to do so.
6 No person Shall work in any substation or other enclosure equipped with automatic fire-fighting equipment until instructed to do so by the 'person-in-charge'. Entry into any space in which there has been a fire Shall not be attempted until instructed by the 'person-In-charge'.
Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
7 No person Shall take a vehicle, crane, mobile work platform, ladder, scaffold pole,plank or any other long object into a substation building or compound, nor Shall they be used or moved therein, until instructed by the 'person-in-charge'.
Ladders and other long objects Shall be carried parallel to the ground and as low as reasonably practicable.
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Safety Rules
BASIC SAFETY RULES
8 Where any work under these Basic Safety Rules and related documents and procedures takes place, appropriate safety equipment and protective clothing of an Approved type Shall be issued and used in accordance with management instructions.
At all times employees are expected to wear sensible clothing andfootwear having regard to the work being carried out.
Safety Rules BASIC SAFETY RULES
9 All persons who may be concerned with the operation of, or work in proximity to, Any electrical system and associated plant and apparatus, Shall be trained in and be conversant with the treatment of electric shock.
10 When excavation work is carried out in proximity to live cables by anyone or their staff or their contractors, the work Shall be done in accordance with NJUG National Joint Utility Guidance and HSE guidance notes.
11 When working on or near cables, it must be assumed that any cable, whether with exposed conductors or not, is Live, until and unless It is proved dead by Approved means.
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Safety Rules BASIC SAFETY RULES
12 All electrical accidents and dangerous occurrences involving theHigh Voltage System or associated plant or apparatus Shall be reported immediately to the appropriate Control Engineer.All electrical accidents and dangerous occurrences involving theLow Voltage System or associated plant or apparatus Shall be reported Immediately to the Control Engineer or supervisor responsible for the activity concerned.In these Basic Safety Rules, the 'person-in-charge' referred to above will have the necessary authority and be a Competent Person (or Authorised Person or Senior Authorised Person) as defined in the Standard SSOW Safe System of Works -Safety Rules which means he will also have the competence to avoid danger. It is his duty to ensure that any relevant Rules in the complete Safety Rules are observed. It is also his duty to ensure that his work does not exceed that for which he holds the necessary authority and safety documentation.
Golden Rules of an SAP1. Just because everyone else has low standards you SHALL not
2. If its not in date or within its maintenance cycle you SHALL not operate it
3. Treat the inexperienced as someone who needs Personal Supervision at alltimes
4. Do not break the rules of the site or the safe system of work
5. Before you touch it – test to prove its dead
6. Arc & Flash proof clothing and PPE SHALL be worn by everyone during yourjobs
7. Safety Documents SHALL be written clearly, correct and unambiguously
8. Explain the safety documents & work instructions methodically every time.
9. If it feels wrong, STOP. Do not be rushed or coerced as you’re the one withresponsibility should it go wrong or you get caught.
10. If you have not got the equipment do not do the job.
Page 27 of 129
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The Law
Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Consequence's for ignoring and not complying can mean either the business or employee can be charged with an offence.
Compliance has to be done to stay within the law
3 main reasons why an organisation has to manage health & safety:
1. Moral – based on a person’s general duty of care notto cause harm to himself or others in the workplace.
2. Legal – based on the requirements of statute law(Acts of Parliament, Regulations and Orders).
3. Financial – Incidents cost money to the company
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Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Application
Under present day law all persons involved in the working environment can be prosecuted. This is from Top management to Craftsperson's.
Creates duties for:Employers Employees Others Makes it everybody’s business
To involve:
Employers Employees Managers Contractors, subcontractors Controllers of premises
Manufacturers, suppliers, retailers etc.
To protect everyone including members of the public.
Consequences of Non Compliance
Company
Improvement notice
Prohibition notice
Prosecution
Accidents
Fines
Imprisonment
Personal
Accidents
Disciplinary
Prosecution
Fines
Imprisonment
You may have a reduced insurance claim
awarded to you – to support your family and
you!
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The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities to:
• Your Company / Employer
•You the Employee
The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities of your employer:
• to ensure, “So far as is reasonably practical” The health, safety and welfare at workof all employees. (To provide and maintain a working environment that is safe)
• to Provide & maintain systems of work (Plant/Apparatus) that are “So far as isreasonably practical”, safe and without risk to health
• to“So far as is reasonably practical” to ensure that any place of work under theircontrol is maintained and kept in a condition that is safe and without risk to health.
• to provide and maintain a means of access and egress (including escape) from theplace of work that are safe and free from risk.
• has a duty to non-employees to Conduct their undertakings in such a way as toensure “So far as is reasonably practical”, that persons who are not in theiremployment and who may be affected by the work, are not exposed to any risks totheir health.
• To provide information, training and supervision
• To arrange safe use, handling, storage and transport for articles and substances
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The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities to you the employee:
The Employee has a duty to:
• Take all reasonable care, whilst at work, for their own Health & Safety, and also for that of other persons who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
• To co-operate with their employer and to assist in any legal duty
placed on them
• Not intentionally or recklessly interfere with anything that is
provided in the interest of health, safety and welfare.
Powers and duties of inspectors
Enter premises:
Examine
Investigate
Obtain assistance
Seize evidence
Measure, record, etc.
Question staff
Serve notices:Improvement (remedy)Prohibition (stop work)Avoid imminent danger:Seize and destroyProsecute for offences
Enforcement is managed by the Health and Safety Executive
Who employ HSE Inspectors
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Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
These Regulations are made under the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Under these regulations some regulations are:
“Absolute” “Shall”
or
“So far as is reasonably practical”.
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Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
“Absolute” “Shall”
The requirement MUST be achieved regardless of:
Cost Time Trouble
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
“SO FAR AS REASONABLY PRACTICAL”
Here a decision can be made as whether it is worth taking particular precautions injury or Accident is unlikely, and the precautions would be time consuming or expensive.
RiskCost, Time
Trouble
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Reasonably practicable
The minimum standard that the law will accept in creating and keeping a safe and healthy workplace is that all that is reasonably practicable has been done.
Electricity at work Regulations 1989
Site Energy Services SES
Duties Reg. 3Systems, Work Activities, Protective Equipment Reg. 4Capability Reg. 5Adverse or Hazardous Environments Reg. 6Installation, Protection, Placing of Conductors Reg. 7Earthling & Integrity, Other Precautions Reg. 8 & 9Connections Reg 10Excess current protection Reg 11Isolation and cutting off supply Reg 12Work Space, Access & Lighting Reg 15
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Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Site Energy Services SES
Precautions for work on equipment made:
Dead working Regulation 13
Work on or near live conductors working Regulation 14
Persons to be competent to prevent danger and injury(Competence) Regulation 16
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Regulation 13
Precautions for work on equipment made dead
Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent electrical equipment, which has been made dead in order to prevent danger while work is carried out on or near that equipment, from becoming electrically charged during that work if danger may thereby arise.
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Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Regulation 14: Work on or near live conductors
No person shall be engaged on any work activity on or so near any live conductor (other than one suitably covered with insulating material so as to prevent danger) that danger may arise unless –
A. it is unreasonable in all the circumstances for it to be dead; and
B. it is reasonable in all the circumstances for him to work on or near it where it is live; and
C. suitable precautions (including where necessary the provisions of suitable protective equipment) are taken to prevent injury.
D. Authorised by Technical Manager
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Regulation 16: Persons to be competent to prevent danger
No person shall be engaged in any work activity where
technical knowledge, or experience is necessary to prevent
danger or, where appropriate injury, unless he possess such
knowledge and experience, or is under supervision as is
appropriate having regard to the nature of the work.
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Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Regulation 16 : Technical Knowledge or Experience may include:
Adequate knowledge of Electricity.
Adequate knowledge of electrical work.
Adequate understanding and experience of the system to be worked on.
Understanding of the hazards which may arise & the precautions to be taken.
The ability to recognise if it is safe for work to continue.
Dead (as used in regulations 8, 13 and 14)
The term ‘dead’ is not defined in the Regulations so it takes its ordinary meaning. Thus, in the context of the Regulations, for a conductor to be ‘dead’ means that it is neither ‘live’ nor ‘charged’.
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
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Regulations 17 to 28 apply to mines only
However
The Mines Regulations 2014 came into force on 6 April 2015 and revoked regulations 17 to 28 and Schedule 1 of the Electricity at Work Regulations
1989 which previously applied only at mines.
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Regulations 29 Defence
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
In any proceedings for an offence consisting of a contravention of regulations 4 (4), 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 25. It shall be a defence for any person to prove that he took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of that offence
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Legal requirements
Approved Codes of Practice
Advice on how to comply with the law by offering practical examples of best practice. If employers follow the advice they will be doing enough to comply with the law.
Standards
(BS EN, IEC) Institutional guides and industry best practice play a large part in how things should be done. They have no direct legal status (unless specified by regulations)
Guidance is issued in some cases to indicate the best way to comply with regulations. But the guidance has no legal enforcement status
www.hvtraining.co.uk
Legal requirements
Rules
Made by companies these must comply with the law
Safety Rules
Made by companies should ensure all activities and employees comply with health and safety legislation, approved codes of practice, and standards.
Manuals / Procedures documents
Made by companies stating how the organisation works,the procedures and equipment to be used and the quality standards required
www.hvtraining.co.uk
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The Six Pack to also consider
Ignorance of legislation won’t help you remain a
free person, without a criminal record.
KnowledgeIgnorance
The Six Pack
1. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
2. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
3. Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
4. Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992
5. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
6. The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992
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Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
The assessment of risks to health and safety.
Access to competent health and safety advice.
Co-operation of employers and those who share premises.
Preparing for emergencies.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
The assessment of machinery hazards.
The process of installation, commissioning and use of work equipment.
The hazards created by introducing a piece of work equipment into a workplace.
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Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
Common features of a workplace
Minimum standards of workplace hygiene
Identification of potential workplace hazards
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992
The interaction of a person with their workstation within the work environment.
The design of tasks using new technology.
The assessment of those at most risk of work related upper limb disorders.
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The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
The prevalence of back injury.
The assessment of a task, the person performing the task, the load to be moved and the environment in which it is moved.
The preference of eliminating or minimizing lifting and handling
Emphasis placed on mechanical handling.
The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992
Personal protection is the last line of defense.
An assessment of the hazards a person is exposed to is required.
Specification of the equipment standards aids selection of appropriate PPE.
All PPE has to be maintained and has a finite life.
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Electrical accidents commonly occur whilst equipment is being maintained. This may be electrical equipment such as switchgear or equipment that uses electrical power.
Most accidents happen because workers have not been adequately trained, are being poorly supervised, or because the risks of the work have not been properly assessed. The incidents are real.
So lets name a few recent ones……..
Electrical Accidents
Unsafe system of work •An apprentice electrician was severely injured from contact with live equipment in a substation.[2]
Electrician was injured touching live equipment
An apprentice electrician was severely injured when he touched live equipment whilst doing work to install ceiling fans in a substation. His employer failed to adequately control the system of work where there were exposed live bus bars. There was no safe system of work, the supervision was inadequate, and the management of the activity was left to an electrician who had insufficient experience to do the job safely. No attempt was made to get the electricity distribution company to screen the live equipment.
Electrical Accidents
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Unsafe system of work •An apprentice electrician was severely injured from contact withlive equipment in a substation.[2]
Electrician was injured touching live equipment
ActionThe employer of the apprentice electrician was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 2, Sub Section 1 and fined £30,000. The supervising electrician and owner of the substation were also prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1.
Electrical Accidents
Inadequate isolation •An electrician received a severe electric shock because he hadnot properly isolated the supply.Electrician suffered shock when electrical supply had not beenproperly isolated
An electrician received a severe electric shock whilst carrying out building refurbishment and fitting out work in a new estates office. The electrical supply had not been properly isolated. Investigation revealed there was no management system in place to check precautions for electrical work.
Electrical Accidents
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Inadequate isolation •An electrician received a severe electric shock because he hadnot properly isolated the supply.Electrician suffered shock when electrical supply had not beenproperly isolated
Action
The company was prosecuted under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, Section 2(1) and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, regulation 14. They were fined.
Electrical Accidents
Unsafe rules •An electrical fitter had to have both arms amputated after receivingburns from a 33,000 Volt supply.[8]
Electrical fitters injuries result in amputation when he believed he was working in a safe zone
The employee, an electrical fitter received 33,000 Volt burns when he climbed live apparatus in a substation when he believed it to be within a safe working zone. His injuries resulted in amputation of both arms. The company were found not to have adequate arrangements for the demarcation of safe working zones and the monitoring of zones once established was not adequately practiced. The training of staff in the setting out of zones was poor.
Electrical Accidents
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Unsafe rules •An electrical fitter had to have both arms amputated after receivingburns from a 33,000 Volt supply.[8]
Electrical fitters injuries result in amputation when he believed he was working in a safe zone
Company had used national distribution rules as the basis of their procedures but failed to elaborate on the guidance of those rules.
Action
The employer was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1 and fined £50,000.
Electrical Accidents
Failure to manage work •A contractor's employee received an electric shock after confusionover isolation.[13]
Employee received a shock whilst touching a metal fence
A contractor's employee touched a metal mesh fence against which a live cable end was resting and received a 415 Volt electric shock. This occurred after a Permit to Work irregularity by the host company, inadequate isolation of the job by an electrical contractor's electrician, and re-energising of the circuit by the host company. Investigation of the incident revealed a failure to properly manage the permit to work system over a period of 14 months.
Electrical Accidents
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Failure to manage work •A contractor's employee received an electric shock after confusionover isolation.[13]
Employee received a shock whilst touching a metal fence
Action
The host company was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1, and fined £10,000. The electrical contractor was also prosecuted.
Electrical Accidents
The next slide shows a video of why a positive “Speak Up” Approach can save someone and their families lots of stress.
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Main Dangers of Electricity
Ok so these are everywhere!
On approach,
Adjacent
Inside
So what do you think is actually dangerous then?
As an Senior Authorised Person you will be involved in the planning of activities, and ensuring the safety of yourself and others.Whilst ensuring all the rules and procedures are followed.
Video Presentation
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What senses can we use around electricity?
Sight
Smell
Touch
Taste
Hearing
Proving Device &
Proving Unit:
There is not many approved means of proving something dead before you touch
Test before you touch – It may not be dead, and you soon will be!
Spiking Gun
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Distractions
Shock
Burns
Induced Voltages
Stored Energy
Testing apparatus
Chemicals
Trips & falls
Third party aggression
Arcing / Fires of an electrical origin / Explosion
Failure of the safe system of work
All of which cause
Pain
Loss of income
Family stress!
Main Dangers
Distractions
The real cause of many unintentional incidents is due to YOU being distracted from the intended action by events outside your control.
When such incidents are investigated after the event the incident very often seems unbelievable or like gross negligence.
If you are distracted start the intended procedure from the beginning and think about what you are doing.
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Main Dangers
Electric Shock
Guess what?
It can Kill!
What are the levels of effect of current?
AC current (mA)
Effect on human body
1 Slight tingling sensation
2-9 Small shock
10-24 Muscles contract causing you to freeze
25-74Respiratory muscles can become paralysed; pain; exit burns often visible
75-300Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation; entry & exit wounds visible
>300Death almost certain; if survive will have badly burnt organs and probably require amputations
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How you get shocked
A complete Circuit or loop
is necessary for current to flow
85
Current takes the path of least resistance
86
Basic Electrical Theory
• Voltage causes aCurrent to flow
• Water analogy
• A complete Circuit isnecessary for current toflow
• Bird on Live conductors
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
An electrical arc is the hottest thing known to man 20,000 0 C at the centre
If you stand ONE meter away from a 300mm arc your skin surface temperature may rise to1523 o centigrade in 0.1 seconds (radiation burns)
Electrical arcs can melt metal cause oil to vaporise and explode and start fires (contact burns )
Burns
Electric Arcs
Surface temperature of the sun
Temperature of an electric arc
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Stored energy
Stored electrical energy in apparatus / equipment or from test voltage.A sudden discharge of energy may cause fire or other events.
Stored mechanical energy in springs or compressed gas may cause injury if released in an uncontrolled manner.
Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Stored energy
Stored electrical energy in apparatus may come from batteries or capacitors for example.
Or induction in hv cables from other sources could occur.
This is common on high voltage sources adjacent other grid supplies
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Induced Voltages (HV)
Induced voltages may arise from a location remote from the work area
Induced Voltages will deliver an electrical shock ( possibly causing a fall )
Apparatus will continually charge if not connected to Earth
A break in a conductor may cause a voltage difference across the break if not earthed both sides
Other Sources of Hazardous Energy often overlooked
Hydraulic energy
–fluid under pressure (cylinders and lift trucks)
Pneumatic energy
•air under pressure (pipes, tanks and vessels)
Kinetic energy
– Kinetic = caused by motion
– Examples: moving contacts, flywheel, moving saw blade
Potential energy
– Potential = stored energy
– Examples: elevated weight / charged spring mechanisms
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Testing apparatusNormal protective barriers may be removed
Live testing requires approved equipment used correctly with appropriate PPE
Over voltage testing leaves a residual charge
When testing disconnected apparatus ensure there is an Earth between you and anything you intend to touch
Over voltage testing of vacuum CB’s causes X rays to be produced
Main Dangers
CHEMICALS
Read the instructions and safety precautions
Read the COSHH report
Use correct PPE
Do not mix or experiment with products
Control disposal
Make note of exposure limits
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• Oil (liquid)
• SF6 (Gas)
• Bitumen Compound (solid when cold
or liquid when hot)
• Air
1/23/2018 95
Substances inside switchgear Insulation Mediums
• Oil
• Gas
• Air
• Vacuum
You should be aware of
PCB - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL possibly in old switchgear.
It would normally be tested for before handling during a project.
Is a serious poison, shown to cause damage to the reproductive, neurological and immune systems of wildlife and humans and are known to cause cancer
If in doubt ASK FOR HELP or Evidence that it is free from PCB!
1/23/2018 96
Substances inside switchgear
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Older switch gear can contains asbestos components, namely flash strips, separators and asbestos rope gasket door seals.
The materials have a high asbestos content but under normal operational conditions there would be no access required to the inside of units, other than by engineers or technicians.
Asbestos Surveys should be carried out and switchgear surveys should be included.
Asbestos inside switchgear
What does oil look like?It comes in all shades depending on the age and deterioration.
Oil insulation properties can degrade as age.
Old New
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What does bitumen look like?At room temperature it appears solid, with the ability to press your thumb print into it.
When heated it is liquid in form and will burn your Skin, hairy limbs need to have it peeled away!
What does gas sf6 look like?Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an inorganic, colourless, odourless, non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas which is an excellent electrical insulator.
Its in the box ……….
However Exposure to an arc chemically breaks down SF6 though most of the decomposition products tend to quickly re-form SF6, a process termed "self-healing,“Arcing or corona can produce disulfur decafluoride (S2F 10), a highly toxic gas, with toxicity similar to phosgene. Becareful of this residue, and it needs cleaning up by professionals
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Trips and FallsMost accidents and incidents occur in this category
Manage your work area
Keep the work area tidy and free from obstructions
Do not obstruct any access or egress routes
Risk asses above or below ground work area
General Safety = Good House Keeping
It is your responsibility to keep your working
environment clean and tidy.
This means putting things
in bins, sweeping the floor and wiping down your
tools, machinery or work bench daily.
1/23/2018 102
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Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Aggression by third partyIn our experience this can happen when dealing with the public.
You should empower your staff. What should they do?
Is it obvious?
Are they in one location or travel about to different sites, or client premises?
How will you know they are safe and home? Or injured?
Utility staff do not patrol alone at night on difficult terrain.
The industry recommends employees:
Take time to look at your environment
Check for known high risk areas
Report incidents immediately
Avoid unnecessary conflicts
Ask for accompaniment if necessary
Main Dangers
Site Energy Services SES
Failure of the Safe system of Work
Ensure -job instructions - safety documentscheck lists - working party control sheetskey safes - keys are all effectively managed
Clear & precise verbal or written instructions
Outside the electricity supply industry about six times more accidents fall into this category than those attributed to carelessness.
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105
What is Arc Flash?
• Arc flash results from an arcing fault, where the electric arcsand resulting radiation and shrapnel cause severe skin burns,hearing damage, and eye injuries.
Forms of Arc Flash Energy
• Noise
• Expansion
• Vaporisation
• Thermal radiation
Arc Flash Injuries
Electric shock
Severe burns
Blindness
Blast injuries
Shrapnel wounds
Lung blast injuries
Ruptured eardrums
Pressure wave
injuries
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1. Power – amount of
energy at the arc
2. Distance – of the worker
to the arc
3. Time – duration of the
arc exposure
Severity Factors
Site Energy Services SES
Video Presentation
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Explosion
Those injuries caused by explosions either of an electrical
nature or those whose source of ignition is electrical.
Electrical explosions include the violent and catastrophic rupture of any electrical equipment. Switchgear, motors and power cables are liable to explode if they are subjected to excessive currents, which release violent electromagnetic forces and dissipate heat energy, or if they suffer prolonged internal arcing faults.
Explosions whose source of ignition is electrical include ignition of flammable vapours, gases, liquids and dusts by electric sparks, arcs or the high surface temperature of electrical equipment.
Fires of an electrical Origin
Fires may be started by electricity in a number of ways. The principal
mechanisms are:
(a) overheating of cables and electrical equipment due to overloading of
conductors;
(b) leakage currents due to poor or inadequate insulation;
(c) overheating of flammable materials placed too close to electricalequipment
which is otherwise operating normally; and
(d) the ignition of flammable materials by arcing or sparking of electrical
equipment, including the scattering of hot particles from electrical equipment.
The injuries associated with fire are usually burns but may include other
injuries such as smoke inhalation.
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Personal Hygiene
Remember pests and vermin like switchgear rooms and substations.
Do have good personal hygiene or you may get leptospirosis also known as Weil’s disease.
Risk Assessments
Site Energy Services SES
Risk assessment is part of any Safety Rules and is also part of establishing general safety.
It is the process of:
•Looking at the whole of the work and work area
•Identifying and assessing the significant risks as wellas the minor risks
•Identifying the Control Measures required to preventAccident and Injury
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E.R.I.C.P.D
Site Energy Services SES
Control measures should be applied using this hierarchy
Eliminate the Hazard
Reduce the Hazard or Process
Isolate the Hazard(Barriers or Distance)
Control the Actions of Staff(Rules & Formal instructions)
Personal Protective Equipment(Last resort)
Discipline(Make sure controls remain in Place)
Responsibilities
To safely operate any electrical system, chaos and anarchy are not the best way to achieve it.
The law requires a safe system to be in place, which clearly defines the roles and responsibility of an individual.
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Duties & Responsibilities
Site Energy Services SES
Selected Person
CONTROL
ENGINEER
YOU
Duties & Responsibilities
Having Authorisation and Competence
Does not mean your Superman!
Being Authorised to enter substations or switchrooms, does not allow you to operate apparatus and plant.
Your employer must authorise you in writing to enter sub stations / switchrooms, or to operate their electrical installation; it should include the voltage level of the authorisation i.e. lv system, or hv system upto 11kv etc
You shall wear your ppe.
Only operate electrical apparatus or plant or “switchgear” for which you are authorised in writing. You shall have good “housekeeping” when working.
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Arrangements Shall be made by the Senior Authorised Person on behalf of their employer / company to ensure:
that all employees concerned are adequately informed as to:-
• the risks to their health and safety as identified by riskassessment
• the preventative and protective measures to be taken• the procedures to be followed in the event of serious and
imminent danger• the risks arising from the activities of any other employer or
employee• that adequate levels of supervision of its employees and those
under its control are provided
• that other persons who are not employees, but who are carryingout work or operations on behalf of the company and may beexposed to danger during their operations or work, also recieveadequate information and instruction
• that the capabilities of employees are taken into account inallocating tasks
• that employees are provided with adequate health and safetytraining and re-training
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Do you know which one you are !!!
Site Energy Services SES
Selected Person
CONTROL
ENGINEER
What’s the hierarchy of command in your work place?
?Control Engineer
Senior Authorised Person
Authorised Person
Competent Person
Trainee
Visitor
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How do we do any work with High Voltage Installations then?
We us safety documents:
Permit to Work
Sanction for Tests
Limitation of access
Supervision
There are two types of supervision for electrical installations used:
• Immediate
• Personnel
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Supervision by a person (having adequate technical knowledge, experience and competence) where work
or testing is in progress and who attends the work area as is necessary for the safe performance of the
work or testing
Immediate Supervision
Supervision by a person (having adequate technical knowledge, experience and
competence) such that he is at all times during the course of the work or testing in the presence
of the person being supervised.
Personal Supervision
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For overhead work, supervision from ground level provided for persons positioned at height is
considered to be personal supervision when the supervisor at ground level maintains verbal and
visual communication with the person being supervised
DNO Liaison Document
Most electrical systems will require a supply from a Distribution Network Operator (Electricity Board).
These are in addition to the energy supplier.
DNO’s Deliver, Suppliers Sell it to you.
When working at the boundary position of your installation with a DNO; they will use a safety document of “theirs” to facilitate to operation of their apparatus, this is often referred to as an IEC – Isolation and Earthing Certificate although one DNO calls it a circuit state certificate
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LIMITATION OF ACCESS
1 GENERAL DETAILS
1.1 ISSUE TO EMPLOYED BY DATE
Permission is given to carry out the work described below:
1.2 LOCATION
1.3 ACCESS TO
1.4 THE WORK TO BE DONE UNDER THIS LIMITATION OF ACCESS IS
3 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION
4 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE AUTHORISED* / SENIOR AUTHORISED* PERSON
Name Signature Date Time
5 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE COMPETENT PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the work detailed within this Safety Document and no other work will be done by me or person under my charge at the above location. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Working Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.
Name Signature Date Time
ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLE
2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS APPLICABLE
HAZARD CONTROL MEASURE
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8 CLEARANCE - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer permitted to carry out the work detailed on this Safety Document.
Name Signature Date Time
9 CANCELLATION BY AN AUTHORISED* / SENIOR AUTHORISED* PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.
Name Signature Date Time
ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLE
6 WORKING PARTY CONTROL
NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE TIME OFF SIGNATURE
7 DIAGRAM / SKETCH
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PERMIT TO WORK
1 GENERAL DETAILS
1.1 ISSUE TO EMPLOYED BY DATE
1.2 THE FOLLOWING APPARATUS HAS BEEN MADE SAFE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES
1.3 THE WORK TO BE DONE UNDER THIS PERMIT TO WORK IS
2 ISOLATION DETAILS
3 CIRCUIT MAIN EARTH DETAILS
4 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION KEY SAFE KEY No.
5 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSONI have confirmed with or as the Control Engineer that the precautions detailed within this Safety Document are adequate and in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules, being a Senior Authorised Person who has the authority to issue a Permit to Work for the work above.
Name Signature Date Time
6 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE COMPETENT PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the work detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Working Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.
Name Signature Date Time
ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 76 of 129
7 WORKING PARTY CONTROL
NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE
Use with Section 9 of Permit to Work Only
TIME OFF SIGNATURE
1st SUSP’N 2nd SUSP’N 3rd SUSP’N
Time OFF & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time OFF & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time OFF & Initials
8 DIAGRAM / SKETCH
9 CLEARANCE, SUSPENSION RE-ISSUE AND RECEIPT
ACTION FIRST SECOND THIRD9aCLEARANCE BY COMPETENT PERSON - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that is no longer safe to work on the Apparatus detailed within Section 1of this Safety Document.
The work is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
The work is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
The work is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
9bSUSPENSION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is hereby taken out of force and suspended.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
9cRE-ISSUE BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - I can confirm that the safety precautions detailed in Section 2, 3 and 4 of this Safety Document are in place and the work can proceed in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
9dRECEIPT BY THE COMPETENT PERSON - I accept responsibility for continuing with the work detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
10 FINAL CLEARANCE - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to work on the Apparatus detailed with Section 1 of this Safety Document. The work is* / is not* complete. Additional Earths have* / have not* been removed. All gear and tools have* / have not* been removed.
Name Signature Date Time
11 CANCELLATION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.
Name Signature Date Time
ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 77 of 129
SANCTION FOR TEST
1 GENERAL DETAILS
1.1 ISSUE TO EMPLOYED BY DATE
1.2 THE FOLLOWING APPARATUS HAS BEEN MADE SAFE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES
2 ISOLATION DETAILS
4 DESCRIPTION OF TESTING TO BE CARRIED OUT
3 CIRCUIT MAIN EARTH DETAILS
(These Earths may be removed temporarily without reference to the Control Engineer)
5 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION KEY SAFE KEY No.
6 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSONI have confirmed with or as the Control Engineer that the precautions detailed within this Safety Document are adequate and in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules, being a Senior Authorised Person who has the authority to issue a Sanction for Test for the testing detailed.
Name Signature Date Time
7 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE AUTHORISED PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the testing detailed within this Safety Document and no other work or testing will be done by me or persons under my charge at the above location. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Testing Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.
Name Signature Date Time ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 78 of 129
8 TESTING PARTY CONTROL
NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE
Use with Section 10 of the Sanction for Test Only
TIME OFF SIGNATURE
1st SUSP’N 2nd SUSP’N 3rd SUSP’N
Time OFF & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time OFF & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time ON & Initials
Time OFF & Initials
9 DIAGRAM / SKETCH
10 CLEARANCE, SUSPENSION RE-ISSUE AND RECEIPT
ACTION FIRST SECOND THIRD10aCLEARANCE BY THE AUTHORISED PERSON - As the Authorised Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Testing Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to carry out tests on the Apparatus detailed within Section 1 of this Safety Document
The testing is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
The testing is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
The testing is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
10bSUSPENSION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is hereby taken out of force and suspended.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
10cRE-ISSUE BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - I can confirm that the safety precautions detailed in this Safety Document are in place and the testing can proceed in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
10dRECEIPT BY THE AUTHORISED PERSON - I accept responsibility for continuing with the testing detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person.
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
Sign __________________________
Date ___________ Time __________
11 FINAL CLEARANCE - As the Authorised Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Testing Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to carry out the testing detailed within this Safety Document. The testing is* / is not* complete. Additional Earths have* / have not* been removed. All gear and tools have* / have not* been removed. The operational state of the Apparatus is the same as the time of issue of this document, apart from the exception below.
12 CANCELLATION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.
Name Signature Date Time
ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLE
Name ..................................................................... Signature ........................................................................ Date ................. Time..................
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Isolation & Earthing Certificate
They are a formal way of communicating between two separately owned electrical systems, one party being the DNO and the other the private electrical installation owner.
For example the DNO or the private installation may want to isolate their electrical system for maintenance achieving at the boundary position
• De-energise and an isolation and application of the earth
• Removal of an earth for testing
• Re-energisation
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Control of the electrical system
Do you have the authority to grant access to the Sub station?
Is it owned by your employer or client? Is it a shared sub station?
Entry to substations shall be restricted.
No one under the age of 18 years shall enter.
A log of persons entering and the reason why should be kept. Its facilitates audits.
It can also help to demonstrate your compliance and positive attitude.
Only persons trained and authorised to enter should be allowed to do so. Or you will require them to be personally supervised by such a person who is competent.
To enter a substation persons require authorisation commonly referred to as “Sub station Access and Awareness”
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The Signs!
Safety Signs for
Us All
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As the Senior Authorised Person. If your safety document recipient, does not understand any of your language / explanation, your printed document or the basic safety signs.
Then stop the job. It is not safe to continue
The Basic Signs
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• Mandatory Instruction - You Must
Blue Circle, White Picture
• Prohibitory - You Must NOT
Red Circle and Bar, White Background, Black Picture
• Warning - Hazard
Black Triangle, Yellow Background, Black Picture
• Information / Emergency / First AidGreen Square / Rectangle, White Picture
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Always obey safety signs and symbols
Prohibition (red and white)
They mean ‘Don’t do’, Some examples are:
Entering a substation
Always obey safety signs and symbols
Safe condition (green and white)
They tell you the safe way to do something or give first-aid
information.
Some examples are:
Entering a substation
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Always obey safety signs and symbols
Mandatory (blue and white)
They instruct you that you must do the safety operation shown.
Some examples are:
Entering a substation
Always obey safety signs and symbols
Warning (yellow and black)
They warn you that a hazard exists.
Some examples are:
Entering a substation
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Do not remove or interfere with any notices or signs
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Caution Notices are fixed to anything which, if interferedwith could be:
A source of danger to others
i.e. you remove them and the safety lockand switch on; electrocuting your colleagueworking on the electrical circuit
Never Ignore them and always apply them where appropriate and necessary.
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Particular signs in use for MOD procedures
Never open these shutters and stick your hand or a tool in!It needs proving dead with correct procedures!
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Safe Access to Substations Process
Before entering on approach make a conscious effort to confirm everything looks as you would expect to find it.
Enter the substation
Carry out the tasks
Depart the substation
Page 87 of 129
Water - Paper, wood etc but not electrical, liquids or gasesFoam - SOlids & Liquids but not electrical or gasesPowder - Solids, liquids, gases and electrical
CO2 Electrical and safe on most small fires
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It’s up to you to: SAP’s set the standardFollow all safety rules that relate to your duties and responsibilities.
Minimise the risk of injury to yourself and others.
Minimise the risk of damage to property.
Use protective clothing and safety equipment properly.
Co-operate with your employer and any other person to ensure health and safety obligations are met.
Entering a substation
!It’s up to you
Never approach exposed conductors
Entering a substation
Until you have had it confirmed dead by approved company means
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Before you act think !Before you start work:
1. Think safe.
2. Identify what you are going to do.
3. Understand - and make sure that everyone
working on the job understands:
• what you are going to do
• where you are going to do it
• the limits of the work or work area.
4. Discuss any concerns with your supervisor.
Entering a substation
Substation Vandalism
Incidents occur with illegal entry i.e. break ins. Often theft of metals occurs which can affect the safety of the environment. If you suspect or discover vandalism or theft do not enter any premises.
Report it immediately to the control or management of the premises and stay outside and away from the danger.
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You will need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). This may include:
Entering a substation
Safety boots
Hard Hat & visor
Flame proof clothing
Safety glasses
Entering a substation
Safe access to and from the point of work
Ensure cable ducts are covered
Page 90 of 129
If you have any doubts about what protective equipment you needto wear at a particular site, Ask before entering.
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Safe access to and from the point of work
Ensure a means of access that’s right for the job, as identified by the
risk assessment/method statement provided by your company.
Access equipment includes mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPs),
scaffolds and ladders, etc.
Entering a substation
Do not climb on switchgear because its convenient
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Everyone needs to practise safe work habits.
Entering a substation
Familiarise yourself with the equipment and work to be done. Ensure the equipment to be worked
on can be clearly identified. Is everyone authorised to enter?
Note the location of demarcation and any hazards, e.g. adjacent Live equipment, open excavations,
trenches, etc.
Read and understand the Safety Document. Be sure you can do the work described within the
defined safe working area.
Ensure that the working party understand the limits of their work and who is in charge of the work.
Make sure everyone is wearing the appropriate PPE and using tools and equipment correctly. Make
sure people nearby are not put in Danger by your work activity. Prevent unauthorised access of
others including the public – especially children.
Know when and how to clear the work area.
Entering a substation
Store materials, equipment and tools properly.
This should be done as soon as they are finished with. Tools and equipment left lying around may cause an injury.
Never try to carryout work you are not competent to do. Stop and seek advice if you are unsure of what you are doing
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Supervise others. Make sure all work is done within the limits of the
Safety Document and that Safety Distance is not infringed.
Do not allow work outside the designated safe work area.
Provide Personal Supervision to workers moving long objects to ensure the
Safety Distance is not infringed.
Make sure the working party use the defined safe access route to and from the point of work.
Tidy up the site and sign the paperwork when work is complete. Declare any exceptions, such as
equipment or materials left on site.
Know and follow the procedures for transferring Safety Documents.
Know how and who to respond to in an emergency.
Entering a substation
Consider Fire Fighting Systems
Entering a substation
There are a range of different types of fire fighting systems. One of the most common types uses CO2, which is an automatic gas filled system used for suppressing fires in substations. CO2 will replace the oxygen from within the switch room, which could be fatal to anyone working in that area.
Any Live CO2 systems must be isolated when work is carried out in the area the system protects and controls established.
Other Suppression System types include:
FM-200
Inergen
FE-13 Halon 1301
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To ensure your safety
Entering a substation
• Ask yourself – do you need a safety document?• If yes! Have you got one? The right one?
If you are receiving a document-• Does the person issuing it to you explain it?
• It is legible – or scribbled drivel
• Do you understand it
• Can you do it?
• Is it correct or will it just do…………
Remember
On the grounds of safety you and your team have the right to stop, seek clarification, have your concerns addressed.
Before you sign for receipt of a safety document and start work!
As the Senior Authorised Person, do not be offended, and have those concerns addressed, as sometimes clarification
in a sensible conversation satisfies the recipients.
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Remember There are three stages a Senior Authorised Person will have to manage.
1. The initial environment which is to be made safe, asyou apply the safety precautions and procedures areapplied.
2. The period when the environment, apparatus andplant are safe to carry out the required tasks on
3. The dismantling of the safe environment created toreturn the substation back to its normal state / service.
Remember To manage these stages a Senior Authorised Person will have to know:
1. What is to be done
2. Who is doing it
3. Where is it being done
4. How is it being done
5. Is there any anomalies
6. What's the environment
7. What's the policy and procedure my company have,for me to follow.
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Preparing a substation
Familiarise yourself with the equipment and work to be done.
Note the location your going to place markers and any hazards you can remove or screen / barrier off.
Understand and write your RAMS! Method Statements and Risk Assessments well in advance of the deadline for submission.
Read and understand the Safety Document, before you issue.(Yes ensure as the SAP what you have written makes sense and is not nonsense)Be sure your recipient can do the described work within the marked / designated
area.If he cannot – how the hells that going to work?
Allow Preparation of PPE and use tools and equipment correctly.Promote safe access to and from the point of work, planning it!Your SAP skills should follow and apply your companies procedures.
To prepare a substation or work area
You are going to have to visit site and evaluate the required activity can actually be achieved within the confines of the perceived work area.
Simple things to consider:• What is there now, and what does the client want?• Will it fit, is the proposal incorrect?• Will all the required resource be able to work safely and unimpeded• Is there substances and the environment harmful to anyone – can these be
removed or manged.• Time scale
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Entering a substation
When can you carry out switching without receiving instructions from a Control Engineer?
In an Emergency.
Entering a Substation
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Before entering a Substation Precautions to be taken
•Should you have reported your presence on site ? Gained permission to enter thepremises?•Consider possible presence of Gas, and discharge of automatic fire fightingequipment•Ensure that you have clear/unimpeded access & Egress•Is Emergency Lighting available•Is there a smell-Ozone(seaside Acid discharge, Hot Oil/Varnish-Switchgear
Transformer overheating.•Is there an Audible discharge•Are there any distortions to switchgear boxes•Any Oil on floor•SF6, Is gauge in green area(look for powder in trenches etc)
At all times do not physically disturb, subject to movement or vibration any apparatus that you are inspecting for signs of distress
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Remember The three main functions of Switchgear are:
1. To Switch or control a circuit
2. To Isolate a circuit
3. To apply a Circuit Main Earth
Substation equipment falls into the following categories:-
1 Switchgear and Controlgear
2 Transformers
3 Protection – the most important
4 Tripping Supplies
5 Earthing
6 Security
7 Access & Lighting
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HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHBOARD 11KV
VENTILATION
LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHBOARD 415V
BATTERY &CHARGER
E
E
E
E
E
TELEPHONE
TELEPHONE
SWITCHROOMLIGHTING ETC
ECARBON DIOXIDE
EXTINGUISHER
The following may be for larger high voltage installations
Control Rooms
Control Rooms
The control room is the main command centre of an installation of substations. The entire operation of the site is monitored and controlled from this central location.
A control room may range from a small, seldom manned, non-ventilated room to a large, air conditioned area containing numerous staff members and electronic equipment (PCs, control panels/consoles, electrical and electronic switching devices, underfloor cabling, etc.).
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Electrical frame
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Exposed conductors need to be shrouded / screened.
As the SAP you will need to organise it.
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The earth cables below can be found in sub-stations, up poles and fig.1 in customers houses
Earth Cable
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The copper & aluminium earth tapes are used to connect all the Metalwork / switchgear within substation buildings and outdoor
compounds.
Earth Tape
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In addition to the sizes on previous page 1.1/2" X 3/16" copper tape was used, with 25mm x 3mm & 40mm x 4mm copper now available as standard from stores.Examples of earth cable & tape installations within a substation
Fig.3
Fig.1 3 x Copper earth cables connected to main aluminium substation earth tape.Fig.2 Copper earth tape connected to main aluminium earth tape. Fig.3 Aluminium to aluminium tape connection.
Earth Cables & Tapes Joints
Interfering with earths and joints can be dangerous due to earth faults occurring
Fig.1 Fig.2
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Protective Tiles / Warning Tapes
The following tapes and tiles are installed over cables and ducted installations, with the high visibility colours providing a warning of danger when excavating.
The above are more modern types
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Older Design Protective Tiles
Before the use of plastic warning tape &tiles the brick versions below where used,for covering cables
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Don’t assume nothing is dead
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It isn't in these pictures, they were still live and dangerous!
Panel cover removed By thieves
Cable energised when believed to be Unconnected At other end
Do not request climbing on switchgear because its convenient, access equipment should be used
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Remember even as an SAP you must
• Always report in or follow the procedure for official orauthorised access.
• Never enter electrical switchrooms or other withoutpermission from the owners.
• Always report any concerns you find to the personsresponsible
• Do not encourage incorrect behaviour or actions to getthe “task done” – or you are just as guilty as those yourencouraging!
Safe Working Process
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Safe Working Process
For high voltage installations the acronym
D.I.E.D is used to remind us that:
• Dead
• Isolated
• Earthed
• Documented
Must be adhered to, by those authorised to do so
Typical key safes for Senior Authorised Persons to use, there are other methods employed by companies.
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Safety Documents
• Permits to Work
• Sanctions for Test
• Limitation of Access
At the boundary with Distribution Network Operators
• Isolation & Earthing Certificate issued by the DNOEngineer.
Associated Documents
• Switching Schedules
• Switchroom Logs
• Portable earth device register
• Suspension of Operations Handbook
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What to wear?
General
Work wear with flame resistant (FR) properties is provided to help minimise injury in the unlikely event of an incident involving fire, flashover or equipment failure.
The requirement for the use of FR work wear will apply to
all Company employees.
What do you wear?
What to wear?
Wearing of FR Workwear
● It is important that the garments are worn correctly (i.e. sleeves notpushed up).
● Only Company approved foul weather clothing should be worn over theFR workwear.
● FR material will absorb heat if exposed to a flashover of some sort, asmall percentage of that heat will however transfer through the material. Itis therefore recommended that only cotton or natural fibre garments areworn beneath FR workwear. Garments that are wholly man-made could melton to the skin and should not be worn beneath the FR workwear.
● During hot weather, some individuals may want to remove clothing or rollup sleeves etc. However, it is not permitted to remove FR workwear, whilston duty at work under any circumstances other than those detailed in theexemptions below or to allow for emergency first aid.
● No unauthorised alterations should be made to any Company issued FRgarment.
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Boundaries & Ownership / Control
customer
Y
YY
Y
66/33 KV
11 KV 400 volts
Direct earth
NER
NER
22 KV
Generation 132 KVDirect Earth
NER
Neutral Earthing Transformer
Neutral Earthing Resistor
Boundaries & Ownership / Control
When ownership or responsibility changes such as at the origin of the installation from the Distribution
Network Operator, to the Commercial Business consuming power.
It is essential to use Isolation and Earthing Certificates so that the operation of apparatus and plant for
the purpose of controlling points of isolation and application of earthing (circuit main earths) is formally
communicated and controlled to the third party.
If two parties rely upon each other, but work individually they must use formal acknowledge and still have
control and agreements in place to work at that boundary.
They are used because one organisation can only arrange to make their side of the boundary safe formally
until the third party require its state to be changed whilst they work on their (other) side of that
boundary.
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There is also the management of internal voltage boundaries to consider, because those authorised to work on one voltage will require the authorised persons of the adjacent voltage that it is connected between them when they work on the boundary. (Assuming they are not authorised for both systems)
External Relationship
Internal Relationship
SWITCHING
The following hierarchy must be used to operate Apparatus. The final decision
regarding which method of operating rests with the field operative as onsite
as they may raise a concern to using lower hierarchy when remote operation
is available:
• Tele control.
• Remote operating panels in a separate room to the Apparatus.
• Remote operating panels in the same room as the Apparatus.
• At the immediate location of the Apparatus.
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On Position
Off Position
Selector Mechanism Position Selected
Earth Off
Earth On (Applied)
Proving Device &
Proving Unit:
Test before you touch – It may not be dead, and you soon will be!
Spiking Gun
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When switching
When switching
Point of work here.
HV Point of isolation hereApplication of circuit main earth here
LV Point of isolation here
Earth Switch
Distribution Transformer
Main LV Circuit breaker
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For Isolations
Point of work here.
HV Point of isolation here
Application of circuit main earth
LV Point of isolation here
Remember you have x points of isolation for x sources of energy
You will need circuit main earths for each source of high voltage energy
You may need to consider additional earths applied to a more local position of the work area
Application of additional earth
You can issue your safety document when Safety from the system has been achieved and will be maintained
On Position
Off Position
Mechanism Isolated
For LV Systems
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The Electrical Safety Council in the UK recommend for a low voltage installation the following isolation process:
Step 1. Check it is acceptable and permission has been
granted to isolate and work.2. Identify the type of supply to the system such
as TNCS, TNS or TT3. Locate and identify the circuit to be isolated4. Select an approved voltage indicator and verify
that it works correctly5. Verify the circuit / equipment is functional. Use
the approved voltage indicator device to verifythe circuit / equipment.
6. Identify suitable means of isolation7. Isolate the circuit / equipment by switching it
off, using the functional device and then by anappropriate isolation device.
8. Fit appropriate lock off device with a safetylock. Person carrying out works retains a key to
prevent re-energisation by other.9. Fit warning label for isolation and identified
work10. Verify the circuit / equipment is isolated. Use
the approved voltage indicator for the systemvoltage to verify the circuit is dead. Testbetween all conductors Line to Line, Line –Neutral, Line –Earth, Neutral – Earth
11. Re-check the approved voltage indicator using the correct proving device to confirm it is still functioning correctly
12. Circuit / Equipment should be safe to carry outthe works. Always remain vigilant and re-checkwith voltage indicator when moving away andreturning to the circuit / equipment
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Low Voltage circuits when isolated differ from High Voltage circuits.
1. Planning
2. Isolate
3. Lock Out Tag Out (Isolate)
4. Prove Dead
5. Confirm dead
6. Issue Permit
7. Commence WorksCancel Permit
High Voltage circuits when isolated differ from Low Voltage circuits.
1. Planning
2. Isolate
3. Lock Out Tag Out (Isolate)
4. Prove Dead
5. Confirm dead
6. Earth the circuit to be worked on
7. Issue Permit
8. Commence WorksCancel Permit
A ‘Dry Run’ prior to the works is good practice, with both Authorised persons walking through the procedure to confirm the isolation of all supplies in the correct order ( e.g If the main incoming supply is isolated to soon in the sequence, this could cause an unwanted start of the generator) Have Ancillary and Auxiliary supplies been accounted for in the switching order? Have remote automatic controls been – ISG ref 8.2.1
• Identify the scope of the works• Identify the equipment to be isolated• Consult the end users • Develop a Safety Program - switching schedule, Isolation
& Earthing Diagram
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ISOLATION
Once the work has been planned and the points of isolation on the equipment have been identified
● Firstly Shutdown equipment ensure that equipment is in a safestate.
● Lifts are to be grounded, plant is not shut down in mid operationthat may cause harm or create a hazard upon re-energising
● Safety is not compromised - ensure buildings have adequatelighting building security systems remain operational
● Stored energy is controlled - batteries disconnected PV arrayssafely isolated to manufacturer's procedures
● Ensure alternate sources of supply are identified and isolatedappropriately
ISOLATION
Isolations are to carried out in accordance with the planned Switching Schedule
The points of isolation and Earthing are to be recorded on a schematic which will be issued to the operative carrying out the work attached to the isolation certificate and permit to work
You should be careful not to deviate from the planned switching schedule, simply because if the planning stage was correct and the electrical system deviates because of a change. What else is wrong?
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Isolation of Equipment
When Main distribution circuits, final circuits or Equipment are NOT being worked on but are required to be isolated, then a ‘Operational’ Lock is to be applied.
These locks are supplied with more than one key. Access to keys must be strictly controlled.Information tags can be applied to either type lock at this stage.
Then as the project progresses and Switchgear and equipment gets handed over then Yellow Locks are to be applied by the client team.
This will give a clear indication of who is responsible for the isolation.
Isolation of Equipment
‘Operational’ locks are also used to inhibit the operation of switching devices For example
● Locking into place remote open/close switches.● Remote/Local switches ● Circuit breaker ON/OFF buttons on Automatically controlled systems ● Transformer ‘Off load’ Tap change points ● Switchgear access points
NOTE ‘Operational’ locks are NOT acceptable as part of the Safe LOTO procedure for carrying out works because they are not unique and have more than one key.
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Isolation of Equipment - Lock Out
Individual LOTO is for one isolation by an individual on a single source of supply using a ‘Safety Lock.The Lock will be Tagged The tag is to have clear information:
● Date Tag applied● Owner of the Tag
The tag must be attached to the ‘Safety Lock
Isolation of Equipment - Lock Out
Group Lock Outs are used for multiple isolations for several sources of supply and for when several parties are working on the same system or circuit.The equipment ‘Safety Lock Keys are stored within the Group Lockout box. Then the individual operatives apply their own lock to the box.Using this method, only on completion of all works by all operatives, can the equipment safety lock keys be accessible to restore supplies
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Barriers
Once the LOTO process is in place, before carrying out works or testing & commissioning activities, the switchgear MUST be cordoned off with barriers of an approved type.
Only authorised persons that are included on work RAMS or responsible for test witness are to enter the barriered area
When LIVE testing -Signage MUST be posted warning of Test Voltages
Proving ‘Dead’ - Test Equipment
Proving ‘Dead’ test equipment has to be dependable. Specific Voltage indicators are the only devices to be used Volt Sticks are only to be used as additional checking and are not to be relied upon as the only form of testing Multi function meter are not to beused as it is possible to select the wrong test range and which give false indication
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Proving ‘Dead’ - Test Equipment
Test equipment must comply with GS38 and conform to the requirements of BS EN 61010-031 or in the case of a 2-pole voltage detector to BS EN 61243-3
Proving ‘Dead’Test Equipment -HV/MV
Phasing Out units are not to be used for confirming Live or Dead.
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Test Equipment Proving Units
When using Voltage indicators both for HV and LV the indicator they must be checked for correct operation This is done normally with a ‘proving unit’ or in the case of LV a ‘known’ LIVE source can be used. The test equipment is to be tested both before and after the test.
Examples pf HV
Proving units
Examples pf LV Proving units
Common Safety Rules
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK
ON OR NEAR HIGH VOLTAGE
SYSTEMS
Do not work with anyone who does not implement these safe systems of work.
This is the foundation for safety for you to go home to your family when your shift Is over.
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General Requirements
• All HV Apparatus and Conductors Shall be treated as Liveunless they have been made safe.
• No person Shall undertake any work on or within the safetydistance of an exposed conductor or any part of the HVsystem unless they have been made safe.
• These following procedures must only be executed bycompetent and authorised staff.
Dangers & Risks of Working onHV Systems
Measures
• Switch it Off ?
• Ensure it can’t be switched on ?
• Position an earth between the workposition and HV isolation points ?
• Prevent danger from other LIVEapparatus ?
• Ensure we are at the right place
• Document and formally communicateyour Control measures ?
EAD
SOLATED
ARTHED
CREENED
DENTIFIED
ELEASED
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ead
• Disconnected from any Live System
• At or about Zero Voltage
solated
• Disconnected from all sources of supply.• Isolating device in its Isolating position
• Adequate physical separation or sufficient gap
• All Practicable steps taken to ensure it can’t be switchedon.
• Safety Locked & Caution Noticed – A must if possible.
• HV/LV Fuses & links removed/retained & Caution Noticed
• Sections of jumpers removed/retained
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Adequate Isolation
Remember Isolated from ALL sources of Supply
• HV AND LV
• VOLTAGE & AUX TX’s
• COMMON NEUTRAL EARTHING
ARTHED
At about Zero Volts
Connected through
Rated Switchgear
Approved leads
A CME is always Connected Between The Place of work
And Against all points of HV supplyRated Switchgear by a suitable Authorised SwitcherPortable CME applied under the Personal Supervision of SAP
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Earthed
• Prove dead where Reasonably Practicable before the application of an earth:
• Over Head Lines
• Busbar/Feeder spouts
• Associated LV
Where Practicable apply a Safety Lock on and Caution Notice to the switchgear mechanisms that can lock the circuit main earths that are applied in position.
Achieve unique control
CREENED
• To prevent danger from Adjacent Plant & Apparatus.
• Danger notices attached to adjacent LIVE apparatus.
You the SAP SHALL prevent any hazard remaining from causing injury or harm
• Dangers and risks at place of work
• Inadvertent contact with adjacent apparatus containing LIVE equipment.
You the SAP SHALL implement Control Measures using personal supervision of competent persons as a minimum to
• Establish Zone Of Work
• Apply Danger notices to Highlight the risk.
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dentified
At the Point of Work By Approved Means
Because there is Now a Risk of being in the wrong place
So you the SAP SHALL:
• Personally obtain Physical Proof that it is dead
• Personally identify the point of work to the safety document recipient usingapproved means only
• Not issue any safety document or instruct work when no means ofidentification which is approved is available.
eleased
• For work by issue of a Safety Document.
• Recipient to be conversant/understand• The Precise parts to work on
• The extent and nature of the work
• The safety precautions• (Identification of Risk & appropriate Control Measures)
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Electrical Risk Assessment
• Lets See before the work starts have we made it:✓Dead Appropriate control measures
✓Isolated Assessed the risks
✓Earthed Documented the Risk Assessment
✓Screened PTW etc
✓Identified
• Brief the Working Party
As a Senior Authorised Person what does hazard mean?
Hazard or risk?
Definition of a hazardA hazard is something (e.g. an object, a property of a substance, a phenomenon or an activity) that can cause adverse effects.
For example:
Water on a staircase is a hazard, because you could slip on it, fall and hurt yourself.Loud noise is a hazard because it can cause hearing loss.Breathing in asbestos dust is a hazard because it can cause cancer.
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What does risk mean?
Definition of a riskA risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause its adverse effects, together with a measure of the effect. It is a two-part concept and you have to have both parts to make sense of it. Likelihoods can be expressed as probabilities (e.g. “one in a thousand”), frequencies (e.g. “1000 cases per year”) or in a qualitative way (e.g. “negligible”, “significant”, etc.). The effect can be described in many different ways.
What does risk mean?
For example:
The annual risk of a worker in Great Britain experiencing a fatal accident [effect] at work [hazard] is less than one in 100,000 [likelihood];About 1500 workers each year [likelihood] in Great Britain suffer a non-fatal major injury [effect] from contact with moving machinery [hazard]; orThe lifetime risk of an employee developing asthma [effect] from exposure to substance X [hazard] is significant [likelihood].
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Remember to follow guidance for overhead lines. Look up and LiveThis general series guidance note GS6 is for people who may be planning to work near overhead lines where there is a risk of contact with the wires, and describes the steps you should take to prevent contact with them. The fourth edition makes the advice easier to follow and has brought the supporting visuals up to date. The guidance has not fundamentally changed from the previous version. It is primarily aimed at employers and employees who are supervising or in control of work near live overhead lines, but it will also be useful for those who are carrying out the work.
Recommended Flame proof clothing:
• A suit of your choice
• Hard Hat & Visor – Yes you can get them for Arc Flash
• Gloves -
These lists are a guide only and not exhaustive.
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Tools
Tools, equipment and devices shall comply with the requirements of relevant European, National or International Standards where these exist.
Examples of tools, equipment and devices are:
– insulating boots, gloves and overshoes;– eye or face protection;– head protection;– suitable protective clothing;– insulating mats, platforms and stands;– insulating flexible and rigid screening materials;– insulated and insulating tools;– operating poles and rods;– locks, notices, signs;– voltage detectors and voltage detecting systems;– cable locating equipment;– earthing and short-circuiting equipment;– barriers, flags, supports.
Further ReadingThe Health and Safety AT Work Act 1974
Electricity at Work Act
Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at work regulations 1989
HSG 230 Keeping Electrical Switchgear Safe
BS 6626:2012
BS EN 50191:2010 Electrical Test Equipment
BS EN 50522:2010 Earthing of Power installations exceeding 1kv a.c.
BS EN 61936-1:2010 Power Installations exceeding 1 kv a.c.
This list is not exhaustive.
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