doe geothermal energy program
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DOE Geothermal Energy Program. John T. Finger Geothermal Research Department Sandia National Laboratories 1 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
DOE Geothermal Energy Program
John T. Finger
Geothermal Research Department
Sandia National Laboratories1
1Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO4-94AL85000.
WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
World Interest is Heating Up
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1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Ad
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W)
United States Rest of World
1. United States: 2850 MWe2. Philippines: 1909 MWe3. Italy: 785 MWe4. Mexico: 755 MWe5. Japan: 547 MWe
World Total: 8500 MW
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Two Kinds of Geothermal Application
Direct Use(30-acre Greenhouse, NM)
Power Generation(The Geysers, CA)
WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Heat and Power for the 21st Century
60 MWt
2500 MWe114 MWt
28 MWt
30 MWt
54 MWt
40 MWe51 MWt
200 MWe69 MWt
102 MWt
22 MWt Greater Than 20 MW
Less than 20 MW
30 MWe
Installed:
Over 2800 MW (electric)
Over 500 MW (heat)
WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Why a Federal Geothermal Program?
Energy
- Balance national energy portfolio
Economics
- Capture domestic and international markets
Environment
- Limit impacts of power production
Mission: To work in partnership with U.S. industry to establish geothermal energy as an economically competitive contributor to the U.S. energy supply.
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U.S. Industry
Industry Partnerships
Innovative subsystems
Diagnostics while drilling
University Research
GeoPowering GeoPowering the Westthe West
Drilling ResearchDrilling
Research
Field Verification
Energy Systems Research
Energy Systems Research
Core researchExplorationEGS
Geoscience and
Supporting Technologie
s
Geoscience and
Supporting Technologie
s
Near-term technology development
Advanced Plant Systems
Industry Support
Geothermal System
National Laboratories
Program Structure
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Double the number of States with geothermal electric power facilities to eight by 2006.
Reduce the levelized cost of generating geothermal power to 3-5 cents/kWh by 2007.
Supply the electrical power or heat energy needs of 7 million homes and businesses in the United States by 2010.
Supply 10%of electricity used in the western states by 2020.
Geothermal Program Goals
Technology
Capacity
Deployment
GeoPowering the West
Program Goal
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GeoPowering the West
• Announced January 2000• Initiative to dramatically
increase the use of geothermal energy in the United States
• Increase focus on direct use• Technology is increasingly
competitive• 300 communities in 10 states
with viable resources within 5 miles
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• Regionally-Based
• Focus on Priority Areas
• Leverage Resources and
Replicate Results
• Coordinated Activities
Guiding Principles
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Why Is Industry Ready Now?
• Green Power / Deregulation
• Improved Economics
• Smaller, Lower-Risk Projects
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Major Technical Issues
Reservoir location and characterization
Reservoir enhancement Fluid treatment in power plants High-cost drilling and completion
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Federally Supported Research
Universities Industry partnerships Small Business Innovation
Research (SBIR) National Labs
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University Programs
Earth and Geosciences Institute - University of Utah
Geothermal Lab - Southern Methodist University
Stanford Geothermal Program Geo-Heat Center - Oregon Institute
of Technology
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Industry Partnerships
Projecttype
Numberof
projects
DOEFY00funds
DOEtotal
funds
Partner-shipfunds
Smallpowerplants
5 $750k $6M $7.1M
Enhancedsystems
9 $1.7M To be evaluated
Resourcedefinition
7 $827k $6.8M $1.7M
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Small Business Innovation Research
Phase I - 4 projects; $377k funding; high-temperature logging tools and transducers
Phase II - 5 projects; $3.7M funding; expert systems, high-temperature electronics
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National Labs
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) – Power plants
INEEL (Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory) – Reservoir characterization
Sandia National Laboratories – Drilling research
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NREL Focus
NREL aims to make geothermal power plants, primarily using low- to moderate-temperature resources, operate more efficiently and with less maintenance. This effort includes development of different power-cycle technologies and new materials.
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NREL Program Areas Condensation of
mixtures Heat exchanger
linings Air-cooled
condensers Non-condensable
gas removal
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INEEL Focus
INEEL work in geophysics and geoscience is directed toward improved location and definition of geothermal reservoirs. It is particularly important to understand orientation of and flow patterns through large fracture systems in the reservoir.
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INEEL Program Areas
• Resource Identification and Assessment
– Exploration
– Fracture Analysis
• Resource Productivity and Sustainability
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Sandia Focus•Sandia works to reduce the cost of drilling and completing geothermal wells. This is critical for increasing power on-line, because the well field (production and injection) can represent up to 50% of a power project’s capital cost.•Geothermal drilling is expensive, compared to oil and gas drilling, because the rocks are hot, hard, abrasive, and fractured, and often contain corrosive fluid. The number of geothermal wells drilled each year is small, so there is little incentive for industry to develop geothermal drilling technology.
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Sandia Program Areas
Diagnostics-While-Drilling: real-time, high-speed data from downhole
High temperature electronics: better measurements for drilling and reservoir evaluation
Hard-rock drill bits: penetrate faster, last longer
Lost circulation: mitigate or prevent loss of drilling fluid to the formation
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• Generated > $200m annual sales & economic impact for oil & gas applications
• Contributed to savings > $200k/well & world-record performances: ROP > 2,200 ft/hr; Single bit run > 22,000 ft; Cumulative run > 180,000 ft
PDC Bits reduced drilling costs
Program Accomplishments
HT Electronics better measurements for drilling and reservoir evaluation
Develop downhole logging and drilling tools that provide reliable, accurate data under geothermal conditions
• Silicon-on-Insulator components
• Thermal batteries
• Complete logging assemblies
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• Demonstrated 30-55% savings:• Showed production correlation
(Sandia field tests; Well data)
Slimhole Drilling lower exploration costs
Program Accomplishments
Lost Circulation Control safe, efficient drilling Developed monitoring instruments, now commercialized, for mud properties & flow rate:
• Mud Density Meter
• Rolling Float Meter
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Program Accomplishments
• Advanced Direct Contact Condensers (FY1999) Improves efficiency of flashed and dry steam power plants by as much as 5%
• CaP Cement (FY2000) Used in harsh, hostile environments (hypersaline brine, high CO2
content, high acidity, up to 320°C)
R&D 100 Awards
Southeast Geysers Effluent Pipeline
• Extends reservoir lifetime by 7 to 10 years, improves output by >50 MW
• Jointly funded by industry, State, Federal, and local agencies
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Research Needs
Cheaper drilling Better reservoir exploration and
identification Better reservoir evaluation and
management More efficient power plants for lower
temperatures
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Electric Generation Potential
• Top 3 States:– Nevada– California– Utah
• Other High Potential States:
– Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Hawaii, New Mexico, Oregon, and Wyoming
Geothermal Energy Potential
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Geothermal Basics
Geothermal energyuses the Earth’s natural heat for some useful purpose. Because the center of the Earth is so hot, almost any location could provide energy if we drill deep enough, but there are only limited locations where hot rock comes near enough the surface for this to be economical.