working group - national institute of educational

REPORTOF THE

WORKING GROUPON

DEVELOPMENT OFV . -

NORTH EASTERN REGIONDURING

THE SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

fftfiuuury, 1985

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O a t « .

L I S T 0 1 * C O i S i T K l N l T ^

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I V . 4

I V . f

I n l r o d u c t i o n

I . N o r t h E a s t e r n R e g i o n i n P ' i v e Y e a r P l a

I I . R e v i e w o f t l i e o n - g o j n q - > c h e m e s

I I I . S t r a t e g y f o r S e v e n t h P l a n

A n n e x u r e ~ P i r a t A p p r o x i m a t i o n o f N o r

F m a B t e i I ] R e g i o n 7 1 1 1 P i a n ,

I V , D e t a i l e d S t r a t e g i e s a n d P r o g r a m m e s i n

i d e n l i t i e d s e c t o r s o f - d e v e i o p t m e n t s ,

I V , 1 A g r i c u l t u r e & A l l i e d S e c t o r s

I V . 2 E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n a n d

E c f 3 - I ) e v e l o p r n e n t .

F o . i e ^ - ! t

P o w e r a n d R e n e w a b l e R e s o u i r c e a

F l o o d C o n t r o l E n e r g y

I V . 6 M i n e r a l s U M i n i n g

r v . 7 I n d u s t r i e s

I V . B S m a l l S c a l e I n d u s t r i e r s

I V . 9 3 e i i c u l t i i r e

I V . 1 0 T r a n s p o r t

I V . 1 1 C o m m u n i c a t i o n

1 V , 1 2 M a n p o w e r D e v e l o p m e n t

I V . 1 3 H e a l t h

I V . 1 4 B a n k i n g F a c i l i t i e s

. 5 J r b a n D e v e l o p m e n t M i g r a t i o n

1 6 E d u c a t i o n

I V . 1 7 C i v i l S u p p l i e s

I V . I B S c i e n c e T e c h n o l o g y

V . I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f P l a n & P r o g r a m m e s

V l . S u m m . a r y o f R e c o - m m e n d a t . i o n s

A m i e x u r e s s

O . M . o n C o n s t i t u t i o n o i W o r k i n g G r o u p

o n t t i e H e v e i o p m e n t o f N E R e g i o n d u x i n <

7 t h P l a n e t c ,

O . M . o n C o n s t i t u t i o n o f F o u r S u b -

G r o u p s .

L i s t o f ' B a c k g r o u n d p a p e r s f o r W o r k i n g

G r o u p o n D e v e l o p m e n t o f T n IE R e g i o n

d u r i n g 7 t h F i v e Y e a r P l a n ,

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1 6 4 - 1 7 3

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2 1 4 - 2 1 8

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Tlie Plcinniny Conuni^^3:Lon constituted a Workinq

Group cn the Development of the Notih Eastern Region

during the Seventh F ive Year P l a n ,1985-90, with

ohr.1 P ,H .I'l i v e d i , oecretax y # NEC as Chaii:ruan and

Shri I. ,P,C7upta an(i a ite i liim Shr i H . Vasudevan, J o in t

Secretary^ M inistry of Home A f fa ir s as inemljer Seci e-

tary of it , The term of reference of the Group are

as f 0.1 lows :-

i) To review the on-go:i ny |ii oqcamme of tiie

Centj aJ Plan^ NEC Plan and o^ afe/UT Plants

and pin-point the ^shortcomings, lacunae,

e tc , in these progiammes,

i i ) To v7C;r>: out a strategy for tiie aoceJerated

development oi l:he region during the Seventh

i? I vcj /^ear Plan j:)er ii od con3ii>tent wi th eco

lo g ic a l socio-cul tural a/id other S[)ecjal

condi, t Ions of tiie reg ion ,

i i i ) 'I'O suggest dei lnitt: piogi ammet in the

I d e n t i f i e d sectord of development;

iv) To suggest coordinated and effe.;:tive imple-

meritat ion of plans and proqrammes ,

F arth e r , it was en joined upon the Group tc'. take into

consi del at.ion the r* commendati ons of some other Work

ing Groups which had also } een set up by the P lann ing

Commission on s p e c i f i c sub jects , namely, (i) Working

Group on Personnel P o lic y , (2) Working Group on Legal

System, (3) Working Group on Commanity Parti cl p atio n ,

(4) Working Group on s u p p lie s , services and ivorks.

h copy of the Planning Commission's IMotification

constitut ing the Working Group anci laying down its

terms of reference ( No .PC (P) l/7/l/NB]C/e3-MLP dated

lltii Gctober , 1 9B 3 ) is at Annexare I ,

VJorklng Group held its f ir s t meeting at

New Dtaiii on 19th November'R3. it set up a Nodal

Group anil Four tiub-Groups fo r s p e c if ic s u b je c t s . The

Nodal Sul'-C-iroup had to study various reports and

various m aterials r e la t in g to the North Kast and give

IIMI’RUDUCT K3N

general guidance , approach, s trategy , p r io r it ie s

and ob jectives of development. It alao envisaged

that Chief S ecretaries of some of the S tate /U n io n

T e rr ito rie s of the North-East should cliaiu the Sub-

Groups 30 that the experience of the ‘Stat . Qovern-

ments/UT A dm inistrations can be d r “iwn i.ipon, Subse-

guently , some experts and Heads of Departinents,

dea lin g with sub ject concerned were also coopted

as Members oi the Sub-Groups,

3 . N o tif ica t io n s r e lat in g to the settin g up of

the Sub-Groups are given in Annexure I I .

4 , The terms of references of the Sub-Groups are

as followsj

Sub-Group on "Land u t il isa tio n and A l l i e d

A c t i v i t i e s

(i) To study the e x is t in g land u t i l i s a t io n

V.)attern with special relereyce to commu

nity owrjershlp of land, sliifting c u l t i v a

tion and other eispects relevant to the

development ot a g ricultu re and a l l ie d

acti .vities and ecology and envirorimefit

keeping in view the socio economj.c and

cu ltu ral c h a r a c te r is t ic of the p opulation ,

and

(i i) To suggest su itab le strateg ies /act ion plans

for development of a g ric ultu re , 1-iorticul-

tural and economic p la n ta tio n s , fo restry ,

so c ia l fo restry , past ure land, animal

husbandry , bee keeping and other programmes

for promoting human w elfare and ecological

restoral.ion on and integrated watershed

management basis in the North East.,

Sub-Gi'oup on '* Indust r y,__Ilandloom and Serl cu lture in l lie F-Jprth E a s t .

(i) To study the present ;.;tatus of the Indusi.i y

tidndloom, handicraft and ser icultu re and

id e n t i fy thei various const.i alnt-S , and

- (ii)- *

( i i ) To suggest new strategy and p.voqranimes foi

cievelopinent of thesn seel era In the region .

Sub-Grc'up on " In irgatincture the Noj th-Haat.

(i) To study the e><ist ing l:;>ottlenecks in the

development of i nf r as t ructura.1 f a c i l i t i e s

sur’h as power I transport , coirirnunl catloJi,

storage e t c . , and

(11) To BugqeBt s t r a t e g y /a o t 1 on pians for in f r a s

tructure development for acceleratIng ihe

pace of development In the Worth Eastern

R e g io n .

.Sub-Group on *'3uclal Services i n the North B a s t .

(i) Tc' study tlie present status of so c ial

services v i z .^ education , healthy drinking

water supply , niaterni.ty and chi Id 'liea Ith

oare, fainil.y planning and otl'jer social In-

l iastru cture l ik e manpower development e t c . ,

arid

( i i ) To suggest strategles/progr.ammes s u i t in g the

local condlt ions fcr development of minimum

level of so cial services in the Nori.h-'East.

5 . In the f i r s t meeting of the Working C^roup, it

was decided that experts from the Planning Commission

and representative of the M in is t r ie s and its technical

agencies may prepare a subject paper and C h ief oecreta-

rles of the North Hlastern States and Jnion T e rr ito r ie s

may prepare an area paper concerning their respective

Subject or S t a t e /U T . B esides , the NEC tiad se}veral

papers prepared d ea lin g with various subjects w ithin

the scope oi the study of the Working (3roup. Some

experts like Vice-Chancellor, Assam A gr ic u ltu ra l U n iver

s ity also prepared paper at the request of the Chairman,

A l is t of such papers with names of the authors is

given in Annexure I I I .

6 . The Working Group held three meetings, the

Nodal Group held f iv e meetings and the Sub-Groups

held two meetings (excepting sul)-qroups on Industries

- d v ) -

which hi ad only one meeting) . It. v/as found that the

fouj' Working Groups the reporta of which had to be

taken into co n sideratio n , had not, in soine cases ,

f in a l is e d their re p o rts . However, Cliairman or Members

of these Working Groups were a v a ila b le and tlie main

recommendations of the four Working Groups or th e ir

tliinking on the sul'jects v/ere taken into account.

Based on background papers , d e l ib e ra t io n in the

meetings of Nodal Group and Sub-Groups and other

m aterial , a 'Compendium' on the Wor] . done in connec

tion with Working Group was prepared and d iscu ssed

in the Second M eeting of the Working Group. Taking

into accounts d iscussions and comments receive:^/ a

Di'aft Report was prepared and d iscu ssed in the th ird

m eeting. This Report is the revised version of D ra ft

Report which takes into accounts coninents/observations

made by d if fe r e n t members in th ird mee+ing of the

Working Group,

7 , The Working Group has beer] mucii assj.sted by

various o ff ic e rs of the No/th Eastern Council ,

Planning Commission, M in istr ie s of Cjo'/ernment of

India and other in st itu t io n s and individuaJ exp erts .

Advisers of the North Eastern Council fiad prepai~ed

working papers for f aci Lit.at ing d is c u s s io n s . S e cre ta

r ia t ass istan ce has been provided by Shri Pratap Warai.n

and Shri T ,P ,K h o u n d , S h ii N .b .Meena^ Ueputy Adviser

oi the P lanning Commission has m-ade a r r a n g G ^ m e n t for

holriing meet-ings ai D e lh i from time to time. The

stai'f of the North Easterji Council S ecretariat has

provided ass ista n c e ior typing , cy c lo sty iin g and

e d it in g the Working Group Report, Tlie help , coopera

tion and a ssistance given by a il of lhem is greate-

fu lly acknowledged.

a i APTER - .I

"Tha basic t \sk ol ocoriomic pi :iun i.nq in Liidi j J.s to bring

iboiit 1 atiuct .uiil arij f oiniirit.ioii of 1h - ecoiiomy yo m.] t(> icliievu

1 higli ciiKi 3 ust>ii iie‘1 r ite oi i. rov^th, a p ro gr ‘i -3 iive 1 mpr'^ivf^menl. in

t.he stand lid of; Living of m-issos lead in j to tht.: erratUo.itJ-on of

poverty m d un>-rnployTn oit jnd provide tlr^ injtcilni bise for s e l f

rt;lL int 3 ociaiie: t .::cononiY" os itri-red Jn tnt. 'ii 'Cth F lvb ie.ar Px.in,

19B0-B5, Govt, oe In d io , t’Iinnlt.q CommxHsion ( p . i 7 ) . Undtir such

-I nitJonal p eiG pectiv e , thu Horth iC/iS orn P-gion dr^.w sp^.ciai

ittention of the Tol m n e r s . Thcj sh-rro o f th tot li nat ion.ii

pi in outl ay for the i ^qi^ n :it-iiiiiy i.osj from porcont in

fh' F irst Five Ye ir Pion i.o S. iJ per cent i n the S ixth Five Y ear

Pi-in (Statement L) . view on per c ip Lt ;i outloy for tha n^gl-on

compared to nation'll iveLogt- nlrso ahows tli.it although the per

c ip i f i outl ly for the regi''^n Wis Lest- fh in tiie nitLon.-il average

in the F irst Five Ye ir Plan, it went oa incre ising over subsequent

pi ins and it w ts 44 percent h igher than the nation il average in

tht;-Six+.h P le n .

2 , The st it:.ement also reve ils that the area v\ is under spe~

c i i l ioc'As from the F ifth Five Y e n . P lan . Due to sp ec ia l geogra-’

ph ic il incJ topological cons ider \tions , the need for integrated

development thu fxforth East Region wis f e l t for fostering of

m awareness for camion linkages and fo ster ing of m odalities

for coordinated developmv^nt for the t e n e f it of a l l are is of the

North East as well as for a l l sections of the p eaplu .

3 . I t v;ill be appropriatt to d iscuss the F ifth Five Year

Pi in i n general and vSixth Five Year Plan in p a r t ic u la r foi this

region t o understind the prtjsent s tage of deveJopnient.

4 , An analysis of th(^ sector al p.T io r it le s derived from the

illocations in the Plans shows that in the F ifth Five Year

Plan of Rs. 10 20 crores the higho5=it p r io r it y was given to i r r i

gation , flood control , an 1 power foiiow^ed by agriculture and

a ll ie d a c t i v i t i e s , this in turn followed by social and commu

nity services-, t ransport and, coiranunications and in d u stries

WORTH E A 3TER N RfiGION I N F IV E Y iiAR PliAM3

• • • 2 • «

and m in erals . lA hien analysis of S ta te /U T plans is made, three

u n its v iz , Meghalaya, Mizoran and Tripura g :ve h ighest p r i o r i t y

to A gricultural and A l l ie d A c t i v i t i e s . In case of /^ssain and

Manipur a ttentian was centered around Ir r ig a t io n / Flood control

and power. In case of Arunachal PracJesh the major sh ire of

outlay wa. given to tr ^nsport & communications while in case of

Nigaland to so c ia l and community s e r v ic e s . However, the other

two sectors nimely soci il ^ community services and A g ricultu re

and A llie d Activi.ties received ne irly the same high p r io r it y in

case of Arunacnal Pradesh and Agriculture Sc A l l ie d A c t i v i t i e s

ind Transport. & Communications in cise of Nagaland. D i s t r i b u

t ion of funds between sectors w ith in e ich constituent u n it and

w ithin sector between c o n s t it u e n t units are given in St itement

2 .1 ind 2 . 2 .

5 , , In the S ixth Five Ye .ir Plan it w is re ilised that d ev elo p

ment by its very nature is a long term process of structural

ch \nges, which in turns are derived from tJae basic objt;iCtive3

\ nation suts tor its-^lf. Thus in the S ixtn Five Yc\ r P i m a

long term pers{)ective covering the period upto l|^95-9 j w is dr iwn

k'joplng the remov rl of poverty as the foremost / j e c t i v e . Along

witli objectives the Plan also listtjd major areas of e f fo rts whiclh

w i l l be reguirod to f u l f i l th^-s ; objuctlv(.^. In the NationaJ. Plan

the total p i in outlay of Rs. 9 7 ,5 0 0 croees/ major share (Ks. 3 8 ,6 9 5

~ ^ a'T gone to ir r ig a t io n / flood contiol in(3 Power. Next to

this comes Transport Sc CommunJ c it Ions (Rs. 1 5 /5 i 6 cror(is) Industjafcr:

'ind Minerals (Rs. 1 5 ,0 1 8 crores) ind so c ial & coirimunity service;.

( (S .l i /0 3 5 crores) r^jspec t i v e l y . In comparison to th is the tot il

p lan of the NE Region Is Rs. 309 3 crores g iv in g s im il jr p r i o r i

t ie s (Statemeni: 3) . However, In the region second p r io r ity wis

attiched to soci 3 l u conununity services (Rs,692 crores) - This

ilso foiaows from the I ie t that five units of region , Mini pur,

Metjl'iala/a, Mizoram, Nag.,^1 ind ind Tripur i have issigrifid the top

p r io r it y to t,he Soci \1 & Coiimiuiiity S e r v ic e s . The otht- r two u n its

h-uT'e glvei>ri p rioti ty to Tr inspo.it St Communicati.oiis (A/'inachal

l r i lesh) and I r rig ition . Flood control ind Powei (Ass.im) . A coli—

|.')irlson of cliancjing {.'bittern of p I in outlay in constit,uen% units

in F ifth and S ixth P lan is cjiven in SI. itement 4 . The sectorwisn

: -2-*:

« • • 3 •

"I -

.md St:ate/1IT wiê br i but I.->ri ot: S;i>ct;h Pi ai Oui.i ly Iti t.ne

11^: i j lv e : ! ' ! I l l 1 ' vt ( l i t 1 iii'-l 3 . 2 i c: t i . v o i y ,

ST.Vr^HiiiNT 4 I P.vT'f-’blRM DF F I P-'I'i [ AiiD ' •-1 XTii PU-U- OllTl.-v i'>B’ ' • I .E . RKGKU-

d-'iC t ' j l 3

1

■liAj

- f -

I ^. \ g r l c i i l i - U Y 3 , c & M L i

ra ;uCbi .^ if

l.ie.s I

■ jpi I d.“ 6

t i o r i ^1 r r i q - . ’ t i J n 4 F L o nonJ*

1 rol Itpower ^

4 , indust.ry^v^ b

M i n u r J

5 , Tr ill sport 1

,'v CvJlTllUUlU.-)C

‘ ■atiori^;’ ^6 , Social Y 2

■ '"Qtnmatii t y ^:êrvicG3 X

E c o n o n \ i c I 1 noTTwrices

7

8 i feiic .r a1

otjrvi<'’.< 3

V i ^ v

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i

I

fS ^6I

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It V

ri f 4

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I

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It

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I3

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J,3(;i

r.I

3(7

I2, 3

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I1 4

vi

4

II X

B l 8 l l S

I I7 ^ 6 6 ^ 8

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I1 3

IH 17

Ih p

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r-i: 'i‘i i - ' - i-.ii 'k li^ 1 -■i T" ■( , i . It -rt

- n

. 1- X- - --4 - -■J i l J : t r

h '_ ] J 2.1

I v i1 '

•,-!1 ^'Vv i

21 1 2 3 X..H X - 4

I I 1 \I I I 1

lih o 6 X - - X ^ ’I X I X

13 1 x^-I I X XI X X X

5 x ^s S

X5

X3.4 4 4 4 L U 3

X X X XX X X . X ,

^ x ^ 1 x^ 2 x ' 3 iX

2

X I X X ■ ~

« X 7 8 X7 R x~ - %

I X X X 76 8 7 X® 7 x ^ h BX

X( x^ 1 . . x ~

NOTF 1 1 V and vL indic ites t-he F ifth and S ixth Five Ye.ir2* Numbors in tlit. body o£ the in d ic a te s xank d e te r

mined by outlays in each p lan of the co n stitu en t u n it lor

d i f fe r e n t sectors economic a c t i v i L i e « .

,6 .^lth.:)ugh the nHt.urt; >f i.ho dch.^nit.s i iKon-*up in variouff

sectors in t h e con^d:.icueni units hive been d.iacus;êd in t he

rep n t oh the t m r 3ib-(rroLips, i t Is neces.qaxy :it tliis stages

to look into the d i?ti i i-nition cf Funds sub-heads wise along

v/iih physi cal riov* I a m ’n t s . Statement 5 g ives the percentage

di stii bni.i->n of app.ov^'d out l.iy during the Sixtii Five Y «a r Plan

I ’

• • * • 4 a

: -4-j

of the co nstituent units and the St iternent 6 in d icates the

p hy sic il development in S t i t e s /U T s . In case of Arunachal Pradesh

length of pucca ro ids per thousand sq.kjTi. is very lo w , but

longtlQ of pucca roads per iakhs of popul ation is more than Assun

and Mizoram for the period ending 1979- 80. Keeping in view the

low density of population in the Union Territo ry and problems

<of exp lo itation of forest resources, adequate u t i l i s a t io n

V ol in frastructure already created should enjoy the same ^high p r io r ity as new schemes for development in frastru c tu re 1 in the deventh Plan* In the Assam where per capita consump-^suinp-

tion of power is higher th in in other co nstituent u n i t s , i t is

noticed that don\ostic consumption has a much h igher share , but

wh it is needed is the steppimj up of in d u s tr ia l consum ption.

Purth.jr in case of Assam which is the biggest u n it in the regiorn

ind has a substantial portion of area as p la in 1 ind, there are

immc.nse opportunities to develop a g ricultu ral production which

can play a big role in miking the region s e l f s u f f i c i e n t in food*

However percent ige of net irr ig a te d area to net area sown is cjulte

law, 3 im i l ir scope for in creasin g food production e x is ts in

M inipur ind Tr ipura ilso . In view of the f ict tiiat di srup tio n ').tf

communication riue to f l o o . ’S presents in unsurmount ible hurdlci

on tr insport iti')n of food'grairis during the summer months it

is ill the more necessary to achieve su lf s u f f ic ie n c y for the r e

gion in food ind for the same re isons a re isonable level of foo-d

production in intiividual 3 t a t e s /U T s of the North East a ls o . To

that extent agriculture s^ictor sh :)uld receive h igh er p r i o r i t y . it

has bef;n noticed that in tvjrms of a l lo c a t io n of fund under plini

agriculture and a llie d sectors has been receiving t h ir d /fo u r t h

p r io r ity * Keeping in viev/ the level of food griiti production lilke —

ly to be achieveci by the end of 6 Ui Plan ( as pr o jected in t.he

3 t a t e /U T Plans) the sector ca lls for greater itten tio n . M anipur

h as ilso given top pr io r ity to i r r i g i t i o n / l'’lo(.)d Contr ol Sc Powter

i n the F ifth Plan and second p r io r it y in the S ix th P la n . Funds

have be.in provided for Medium I r r i g i t i o n Projects and Power

development. How.iver, kt^eping in view development of i n f r a s t r u c

ture and industrit^s in the si.ate, the p r io r it y in tiie

5

b- s

sue 1.01- could bo It ..It.ihtly 1 Uevcl>.|Mm,-nt of conuninl

Aic-i Eol IjiikhMk ui iv , Jl coui-Si.:, luquij'tj si3i c L j L 1 1 t.jn t Idii .in

thu St- i\.u,

7 rph( . av'}ct'ii infi community devei jiit S'-ic:t )r hi 13 bu.jii

runtavlnq h iq h a r p r i . j r i iy i n the successive b'ivu Yu U' ms in

tlio regi on. Theru :irt' 1 number jt: t;'ict :)r5 nece ssit-it-±ng such

i + . U m U o n . In the i.LL-Incll-i p.irpp-^ctive, the p^.rcent vje j£ urban

populitl<)n to the totVL popul ition is 1 >w in ill thu u n it s e x

cept Ass.im. This is ' i ls6 ‘incl lcîtixrii oi ' the ^pend. ;nct: o f th..-

pc'jpulition on prirairy s u d o r s . In thô tiajld o f eclucition the

gross enrolment r itio dr=)ps down sub st ;\nti iliy f r <m Prim.iry

elisst^s to Middla G l o s s e s . S i m i i i r l y , thc::rt iru c >nsider sole

vori-ition imong the S t ites /UTs in terms of t-t il ^r-o served

by Post O f f i c e s , popul It ion p^^r h o s p i t a l bed, number )t v e t e r i

nary hosf)il il per c ittle p o p u i o t i o n . Th.v p'>s j.ti^.-n/ th.n. .d;- o.e,

need to f e fu r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n e d .

0 rpi , othvji ore IS '//hich w il l require r.il it:.iveiy jif itt r

ittt'nt;ion Uii inim.il husbindry# Foi estrY md iishui\ , Ihv

Industry ond Miner-fL sector h is qot, til ilong, f i ft h p r i o r it y ,

Howt-ver, in the: interest of more r ipid v;c .Hiomic devi.iopiruoit,

h igher provisions m ly bo illoo t .d to this s e c t o r . I t ippe. irs th h.

u t i l i s o t io n of in frastructure Iru idy crv. ited for o r e it ^ r produo-

tivB use should enjoy i very h i^h p i i .‘rity in tlie S.o oiith Pi in.

.\lrc:ody a reisonoble level >f roads ,md c x.imaniciti .)ns b.is been

cre ited. A reas .enable Lev\.. l of ias tl tuti jn il infr ts tr i.^.'tur e

through O'p-ining of B, nk Br incht s, r tuG S , Himii.iistr-iti vt,; >:entres

etc , h.is also b.;en c r i ited. Unless pr o.lurtlon p j j r imnus )f

virious sectors ar^ ilso p i inne/^ to Ku.nyiâce with Ohls physic \1

and insti tut ion il intristruct.ure , , Invest nf, n ts made w i l l not be

put to their best ust,;. (.)n ttu th'^.r h aid, t,he me -it inc 0 1 th<.

rt.!Cful remen ts of the r e g io n 's need f re in outside vvili continue to

C'jmpi. ise a wistefu.l desirt on th i st.r .iiiu d i.iet..work. This conclu

Sion w ill need m odifications f .u, soirtL at thu units liKe ,U. una-

chal Pi adesii/ Mi^.oram and N ig il ind' whei .j the* nreiti m of infja-

structufe ' is ' yet only' at tiie" ini ti ll st igr:, .ait even in these

ire IS there is scope for putting the in frastructu re cre ite d to

great-er use .

PL/uNi OUTTAY - IJ.E .RFjr;Tn>j (Plan Outiays in R s .in Crores and avzti

State /JT Il5 r Plan l^nd” Plan~T’5r5“PlanlA£nnal“pIan

_________________________ i 5 H : i ____ i i§Z- i_ ^ _____

- Ill P.-ipee3j ,

jT4iiE''pT i n ' 1~ !l^h~Plan'

l _ 9 ! r i r s Z _____r 5€H-pi^.I Ouii lav

^ s a m 2 8 .0 0 6 3 .1 5 1 3 2 .2 4 e '7 .12 1 9 8 ,4 1 4 7 3 .6 4 1 1 1 5 .0 0V 32) (63; (120) / '7rN \

V ' vj (146) (303) (6C3)Manipur 1 .0 8 6 .2 2 1 2 .8 2 7 .2 0 3 1 .1 5 9 2 ,6 6 24C .00

(18) (94) (162) :&c) (315) (825) (1909)

Maghalaya ^ ' @ 3 6 .2 4(368)

2 9 .5 3(645)

2 3 5 .0 0(1985)

Nagaland @ 1 0 .7 9 1 5 .9 6 3 6 .5 2 '8 3 .6 3 2 1 0 .0 0(287) C3 6C) (793 ; (1569) (3621}

Tripura 1 .6 2 9 .4 1 1 5 .5 1 1 1 . 4 4 34*66 65 .6 8 2 4 5 .0 0(25) (114^ (134 ; (84) (237) (427) il345)

Arunachal Pradesh 2 ,3 1 3 .7 4 7 .3 1 '^.79 2 1 .1 2 6 3 .3 0 2 1 2 .0 0(78) (119) (212) (198) U 9 1 ) (1291) (3676)

Mizoram @9 .3 0

(298'!4 6 .5 9

(1335)1 3 0 , OC (3256)

Total for 3 3 .0 1 6 2 .5 2 1'78.68 1 2 9 .5 3 3 6 9 .4 0 9 1 9 .43 236 , 00R a gio n . (32 ;

. o . <—

(69) (122) 7P (203) (441) (990:* 9 0 .0 0

(44)■ 3 4 0 .0 0

(141;Total : 3 3 .0 1

(32)8 2 .5 2 1 7 8 .6 6 1 2 5 .5 3 3 6 9 .4 0 10 09 .4 3 2 7 2 7 ,0 0(69) (122 ) (78) (203) (485) (1131)

Percentaae to /o(3 ,6 6 )A l l I n d i a . ^2 .29 ) (4 .0 9 ) ( 4 .0 2 ) (4 .6 4 ) (5 .3 5 ) (5 .5 6 )

A l l India 1 4 4 2 .1 8

(40)2 1 3 8 .0 2

(55)4 3 6 5 .5 9 322 5 .3 3 7 9 5 2 .7 0 1 6 9 1 6 .2 6 502 5 0 ,0 0

(95) (66j (154) (329) (763)

# Was not 3 t a t e /U T during theSe p er io d .

N .E , 1 . Outlay denote actual expenditure upto 4th P l a n ,2 , P(Per capita outlay calcu lated witn the reference to the mid-year population

1 9 6 5 rni.d—year pop ulation used for 1 9 6 6 —6 9 , 1973 mid-year poDulation used f;*1 C? ••rj— A ^ ^ "L-k _ — T - __IS g2.ven in the b r a c k e t .

of the plan• /Bfo r 1974-

i .e , e tc .

PxyTH F i w : YEAR P U UM (197 4-73) Qutl AY.S Sjt ateTOent:-2

___________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________ (R^yin Crores)

Sectcrs lAmnadbial Xî^sam^^ânipur iMeqhalaya I^ÎizoraraXlJagaland iTripura XTotal I NEC X TotaliPradesh X I I ' X X I

-I- " ” ' - z i z - ' r - I - z b : : " ! '--

A —8 — "X■“ “9Z 7, - il« ”"

AcricalttLTs A l l ie d Ser 'îce^ ,

i5.es 86 .59 15 .C9 19.79 15.13 22 .26 20.35 197.04 18.56 215.60

Cc- Operjtion . 1,1C 11 .23 1.26 2 .18 1.34 1.32 1.39 19.73 - 19.73

PlcodGor..” c- i.'0 ''s'wir,

4.35 132.32 23.71 16.42 4.49 4.51 16.33 202.13 40.81 242.94

Ir.o^'.r'try ^minerals. 1.30 27.96 6 .9 1 . 5.46 1 .8 3 6.96 4 .7 4 5 5 .1 6 3 .5 1 58.67

T ib r i3c rt. Ccinmuni- catlor?s .

20 ,9C 32.94 I S , 75 1 8 *84 12oBl 22t.03 9.65 1 3 5 .9 ^ 31.26 1 6 8 .1 9

o r... Coi.iTiiinity

Serv:19.52 83.79 16.95 ^ 15.29 1C.4S 25, 98 17.03 189.04 5.32 194.36 ,

E c c :: o g.;... ervi c es , 0.2P 1 .1 3 0.63 , 5.70 0.51 0.44 0.15 8.84<1

8.84 I

Ger:eral S e r v ic e s . - 1.44 3.39 2.16 - - 0.13 7.14 0.95 8 .0 8

J iio 11 c at. e d . - 93.46 6 .16 ' 3.67 - 0.13 - 103.42 0.55 103.97

Total^c 6 3 . 3C 472.84 92.86^ 69.53 46.59 &■ ,63 69.68 919.43 100 .96 1020.39

Per C^p^ta Oat:lay 1291 3C3 825 ’ 645 133 5 1569 427If-

441

K .B , ; Mid-jear population p ro je c ted for 1973 used in c a lc u la t in g per capita , autla^^.

FIFIH ?r /E YEAR Ob^.^YS

Percentage D istribation by Stares/'jrî •

Sfcctcrs l\inâchalX AssaHi Xl'îeghala/a XMizcram XNagaiand JllTrip’oraJCTotal I JIEC iTotal

_________________________ ______________ _____ _____ - I - - . _____ ^____ ________ ^ __________-i__ ________ 4- - _____ ^ta'te/''JT I ________ _______________

i..gric-altarv* El 2 5 .03 1 8 .70 1 5 .25 2 2 ,10 32 ,47 26 .62 29 .20 21 .43 18 .36 21 .13iLLlisd Services ,'

Cc-^cp'^ration. 1 .7 4 2 .3 7 1 .3 6 2 .4 3 2 .6 8 1 .5 8 1 .6 7 2 .1 5 - 1 .93

J r i g a “ ic n .? lo o i 6 .8 7 2^7.93 25 .53 1 6 .3 4 S . 64 5 .3 9 2 3 .4 4 2 1 .96 4C .42 23.8-Ccn-uroi tc '£ôv;er.

Ir -astry K in e ra ls . 2 .0 5 5 .90 7 .4 4 6 .10 3 .9 3 8 .3 2 6 .60 6 .00 3 .4 6 5 .7 5

Tcaxisi-.ort Coircnijni- 8 3 .0 2 7 .1 6 2 0 .20 2 1 .0 4 2 7 ,50 2 6 .3 4 15 .£5 14 . 69 3 0 .9 6 16 .48Q n I- 3 *

Ccmrrranity 3 0 .6 4 17 .66 1 6 .25 17 .06 2 2 .4 9 3 1 ,07 2 4 .4 4 2 0 .5 6 5 .2 7 1 9 .05 i

Econo.ric Serv ices . 0 .4 4 0 .2 4 0 .6 8 6 .3 7 1 .0 9 0 .53 C .22 0 .9 6 - 0 .8 7 I

General Serv ices . - 0 .3 0 3 .6 5 2 .43 - - 0 .1 9 0 .7 6 0 .9 4 0 .7 9

^m-allccated. - 19 .72 6 .63 4 .10 - 0 .1 5 - 11 .25 C .54 1 0 .19

^■otal : 100 .00 1 00 .0 0 100 .00 100 .00 1 0 0 .0 0 l.Cu.OO 1 0 0 .QO 100 .00 100 .00 100 .00

FIF1H FIVE iXAR PLAIT (1 9 7 4-79} QJTLAY:^ £ ^Percerrtace D is t r ib u t io n by .Secrtoi:3

Sectors l^^anachax X -f-ssam )OSianipur ICMeqhalaya. jtt-lizorarriXNagaland XTripura XT'Otai X NEC iTctal

XPradesh I X X X X X XState/UT- X XReqion— r " i : --- T ’ — T ~ r . — i 5: r- 'e: r ' ? : r — r " 9 : --- 1 1 : —T T --

^*griculture ana AJ-lied Serv ices*

7.fR 4 1 .1 ■: .o 9 .2 7 .0 1 0 .3 9 . 4 9 1 .4 8 . 6 1 0 0 .0 0

C...-Cperation. 5 .6 5 6 .9 6 .4 1 1 .C 6 .8 6 .7 6 .6 1 0 0 .0 - 1 0 0 .0 0

li '.cr .F lo o d & Pr-v;er^

1 .8 5 4 .5 9 .8 6 .8 1 .8 1 .9 6 . ^ 7 8 3 .2 16 .8 1 0 0 .0 0

ct M in e r a ls , 2 .2 4 7 .7 1 1 .6 9 .3 3 .1 1 1 .9 S . l 9 4 .0 6 .0 1 0 0 .0 0

T C o t n i n u n i -c:.c*.cni: ^

1 2 .4 2 0 .2 1 1 .1 1 1 .2 7 . 6 1 3 .1 5 .7 8 1 . 4 1 8 .6 1 0 0 .0 0

~oci-l Conrrraniry^’-.r '.;.c JS „

1 0 .0 4 3 .1 8 . 7 7 .9 5 . 4 1 3 .4 8 . 6 9 7 .3 2 .7 1 0 0 .0 0 ' VO

E roiTiic £ srvices , 3 .2 1 2 .8 7 .1 6 4 .5 5 .8 5 .0 1 .7 1 0 0 .0 - 1 0 0 .0 0 *

Gc:ne-~1 Liervicas. -• 1 7 .6 4 1 .9 2 6 .9 - - 1 . 6 8 8 .3 1 1 .7 1 0 0 .0 0

-Jrallocated . - 8 4 .9 5 . 9 3 .5 - 0 .1 - 9 9 .5 0^5 1 0 0 ,0 0

Total : 6 . 2 4 6 .4 9 .1 8 .8 4 .6 8 .2 6 .8 9 0 .1 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 0

(^ ^ .in laXhs)

SIXTH PLAi-J APPROVED O^JTIAY : cECTCP-ir> X ^^TATEo/lJTS

S-e^^ors XAruiiQchctlX^sam(l) iKanipur X?4eghalaya7Kizorarr,Xl.aaalandXTripara X Total X N .S .C , XToiiai for XPradesh X X X I ^ . . X ___________X ______^__________ I ____

__ 2__ i r __ L i i 1_._1 . r 2-__ L - i z - L . - H - i L . : . : :I .A gricu ltu re 4 ,126 2 0 ,9 2 5 3 ,717 5 ,038 2 ,9 6 6 5 ,131 6 ,0 7 1 49,996 2 ,4 2 9 52 ,427Sc i',.iliec: Services.

II,3c.~p3r-:itlon. 3S3 2 ,5 6 2 158, 439 190 136 570 4 ,519 - 4 ,519

I I I .Ir-i--tx.,n 4 ,017 55 ,946 6 ,6 0 4 - 4 ,5 1 6 2 ,5 6 5 2 ,565 6 ,4 4 6 92,663 1 4 ,42 9 1 ,0 7 ,0 9 2Flood Loi.^rol- &. Power.

r .I n r - - r y o c 47 7 5 ,916 1 ,3 87 l,l-^2 t,.14 1 ,437 1 ,1 55 11 ,960 1 ,523 13,463riirei?;..

V .lr^nsporr & 7 ,116 1 0 ,57 4 3 ,6 0 0 5 ,1 51 3 ,6 2 6 5 ,0 0 9 3 ,5 91 38 ,866 18 ,396 57 ,266

C . , T K i u n i c a u i 0 r ; 3 ,

V I.F o cia l 5c Co- 6 ,202 2 5 ,1 9 7 7,5'?1 7 ,0 6 1 4 ,1 9 4 6 ,275 9 ,3 6 8 6a,69C 2 ,423 ^ ^ 6 9 ,184TT.aiunitj Serv ices , 871

VII,Econ^.H2.c 68 215 211 77 133 93 47 845 -- 845Gcrvices,

V III ,G e n e r a l ' 99 ^ 546 564 777 638 l ,lf .9 279 4„,033 413 4 ,446Services .

H'i.,Total, 2 2 ,5 0 4 1 3 1 ,9 0 6 23 ,812 24 ,302 14 ,95 0 21 ,775 2 9 ,5 2 9 2 ,6 8 ,7 6 0 40',486 3 ,0 9 ,2 6 6

Notes : 1 , For li?84-85 we have taken figure recoinmended by W .G . fo r C a t .A2 . Manpower Development.3 , Totals ma^ not t a l ly due to rounding .

statem en t ;3 .1STATSt- i£NT ; :ilXTn FI^/E YUAR PLAN QO^I'LAY. 1980-65 - ;;E REGION ”

_________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (Percent)

Sectors X^^runachalX Aesam XManipur Kr-Ieghalaya XMizoramXNagaland XTripura XTotal j(XPradesfi X

■rX

'TX X i

- T 'o z — rX XState/UT X

Ic X z • 3 . 4 ' " "1 ~ B . ~ 7 : “ " ' 1 " 8 . 1 9 . T ” io .

Ic-criciiltuxe Sc All'.r-S services .

7 .9 3 9 .9 7 .1 9 .6 5 .7 9 .8 1 5 .4 9 5 .4 4 .6

I I ,, f' S . 7 57 .1 3 .5 10 .8 4 .2 3 .0 1 2 .6 100 .0 -

I I I j-':- ' ,,,Flood :.i 'l \.i ~ - i. OWSr »

3 .8 61 .6 6 .2 4 .2 2 .4 2 .4 6 .0 8 6 .5 13 .5

ITr Minerals 3 .5 4 3 .9 10 .3 8 .7 3 .1 10 .7 8 .6 8 8 .7 11.3

V : Sc Conill;- 1.2 ,4 1 6 .5 6 .3 9 .0 6 .7 8 .7 6.3 6 7 .9 3 2 .1.. c-1, rti.5 ^

~ - nd CoiTirn- .. ii.-'-.y c-rvices *

9 .0 3 6 .4 1 0 .9 10 .2 6 .1 9 .1 13 .5 95 .2 3 .5

, Ic Jervices 6 .C 2 5 .4 2 5 .0 9 .1 1 5 .7 11 .0 5 .6 100 .0 -

VII C-snerel Services. 2 .2 1 2 .2 1 2 .7 1 7 .5 1 4 .3 2 5 .4 6 .3 9 0 .7 9 .3

IX . Icte.l: 7 ^ 4 2 .7 7 .7 7 .9 4 .8 7 .0 9 .5 8 6 .9 13 .1------------ ---- --------------------------------------------------------— ------------------------------------------------------------ — ---------------- ------------- -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------— ----------------------------------------------— — ------------------- — ^ — — — — — __________

Si:<TH PIAN APPROVED dECTCRS :X STA’TES/UIS.3 t omon'C f 3 .2

(Percent)

S ecto rs !Uxunach a XPradssh

17 T

l1 XAssan (1) KManipur )[KeghalayaXMizcrarr XNaaalandXlripura II X X X I X X

■'I— 3’. — I — — 57— r ' 6 : 7 —

Total I N .S .C . jljotal for A Xl^ Recicnr " i o : ' “ i— i i : ----- .

I # Agr i cul t ure £8,3 6 A llie d Services .

1 5 .9 1 5 .6 2 0 .7 2 0 .0 2 3 .6 2'?.3 18 .6 6 . 0 16 .9

I I «Co-c\-:^ration . 1 .7 2 .0 0 .7 2 .0 1 .3 0 .6 1 .9 1 .7 - 1 .5

' I I I j rr 1 c IX ;• c r •. i? Iccd 1 7 ,9 Cc.' n o X i i' Jv/er *

5 0 .0 2 7 .7 1 8 .6 1 7 .2 11.8 '21 .8 34 .5 3 5 . 6 34 . 6

, & ' 2 . 1Mir-r--1.,

4 .5 5 .8 4 .8 2 .S 6 .6 3 .9 4 .5 3 .8 4 .4

VcTr .r,-^--rt -i Co- 3 1 .6 6 .0 15 .1 2 1 .2 2 5 .6 23 .0 12 .2 14 .5 4 5 .4 18 .51

VI* Sc Cl cl Conn'- 2 7 ,6 un ity S ex'vices ,

1 9 ,1 31.8 2 9 .1 2 6 .0 26 .8 31 . 7 2 4 .5 16.0^^^ 2 2 .4 to

1Vll^j^conutiic Ssxvxces 0 .3 0 .2 0 .9 0 .3 0 .9 0 .4 0 .2 0 .3 - 0 .3

tOlII.General Serv ices . 0 .4 0 .4 2 .4 3 .2 4 .3 5 .2 c 1 .5 1 .0 1 .4

IX ^ Io t a l . lOC.O 1 0 0 .0 100 .0 . 1 00 .0 IGG . 0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 1 00 .0 100 .0

Nores : 1 , ?or 1984-85 we have taken f ig u r e recomnended by W *G .fc r C a t ,A .

2 , Manpower Deveioprrient,

3 . Totals may not t a l l y due to ro un d ing ,'i(fc

D is t r ib u t io n cl S ixth Plan Approved Plan Outlay by Head/S^ob—Head of

Developmt-it.

StateiTtent-S

Head/''3ub-H3ad of Development

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

______________________ __________________ ____________________________________________

XAnunachalX Assam XKanipur ](Hegha- XW-izoram XNagaland X Tripura XPradesh I X Xlaya

Tadesh I

--- T “ 57“X

“ T ■ '4 . "Xlaya I

' TX

" r “ 7 : —X

■ "r ” 57-

X 0 .8 1 0 .5 0 0 . 5 4 0 .0 7 0 .1 73 .9 2 J

4 .4 4 3 .7 5 3 .4 2 7 .3 8 4 .0 5 4 .43

4 .0 1 0 .6 7 2 .2 9 2 .9 8 5 .2 9 2 .8 6 2 .8 4

1 .6 3 1 .4 8 1 .1 0 2 .2 1 3 .6 9 2 .5 0 2 .9 8

0 .2 0 0 .3 6 0 .1 5 0 .3 0 0 .1 5 - 0 .5 8

0 .3 7 0 . 5 4 1 . 1 4 0 .3 8 0 .4 5 0 .3 3 1 .3 6

4 .4 9 2 .2 6 1 .9 8 2 .1 3 4 .2 3 3 .2 4 5 .0 6

- 0 .1 1 0 .0 8 0 .0 2 - - 0 .0 6

0 . 1 7 0 .2 2 0 .0 2 0 .1 7 0 .1 9 - 0 .8 2

- 0 .0 9 0 .1 7 0 .0 9 - - 0 .2 4

- 3 .7 9 - - - - -

- 2 .0 0 XV 2 .9 2

X 1 .2 8V

- 1 .9 0 1 .2 9

- 1 .7 9 I 1 - - 1 .1 9 1 .3 9

Research Sl Zldacation

Crop Hu3bandry ' X

S o il I- ;Jjt£r Conservation .

7-=; .'^xwpinent ,

FiiTfie:: i>- .

lr:T-es-iiv ^lit in Agric 'iltural F in a n c ia lT-r ... -r II*- -!->-=■--- L , --- «

i'icii- Ke t-iriC •

S tc r a.c s & '/fer eiic us i n g .

S p e c ia l Frocramme for Rural Developmen*

ITCIiP

NRHP

Ctiier Programmes (Assistance to SF/iyiF) ,

CouSuunity Development u Pancnayats ,

Land R.ef orms .

Areas Development of Backward A re a s .

C iv i l Supplies

1 .3 2

0 .0 7

0 .8 9

0 .7 6

0 .6 3

0 . 1 7

1.020 .6 4

4 .2 5

2.21

1 .6 2

0 .2 3

3 .3 3

0 .4 8

2 .3 8

1 .8 3

1 .1 6

0 .5 1

(jj

I

i •i. • I 2 . 1 O • A - JL 5 , X 6 . A 7 . X & ,

I . Acriciil-Lare S. A l l i e d S e r v ic e s . 1 6 .2 0 1 6 .4 2 1 5 . GO C-i- • W w 23 .2 6 22 .2 6 4 . 7li

I I , Cocoeratica , 1 ,6 9 2 ,30 0 .7 5 1 .3 9 1 . 5 4 C .7 1 2 .0 4

Kadi-LIT: I r r i g a t i o n Prcj ^cts . C .9 4 1 6 , l'^ 0 ,4 2 - - •7 7-

Miner I r r i g a t i o n , 6 ,1 3 6 • 64 3 ,7 5 2 .5 5 2 .3 1 4 .7 6 5 ,3 5

Coifci- nd .-.raa Development. - 0 . 1 4 - - - - -

Flood C ontrol . 0 ,4 7 2 . 0 6 2 ,2 9 0 ,4 2 - — 2 .0 4

?o:f;0r„ 1 1 ,4 1 33 .2 4 '7,7^ 1 9 ,1 5 1 3 ,8 5 7 ,2 6 9 .C2

I I I * Ir r : ^ t j.on, 1 6 .9 5 2 9 .5 6 3 0 ,4 5 2 2 ,5 5 1 6 ,1 5 1 2 .0 2 2 4 ,1 7

r ic c f Control and Power.

Viilac '3 & Srr.all In d u st r ie s , 1 .3C 2 . 9 4 5 ,2 1 1 ,7 0 3 ,0 8 2 .3 8 3 ,4 7

Kadi'orr. & Laroe In d ’o s tr ia s , 3 , 5 4 1 ,9 7 2 ,9 2 1 ,9 1 0 ,3 5 2 ,1 0 2 .1 9

M inin g , - u • 0 ,2 1 0 ,4 2 0 ,0 9 1 . 2 4 0 .0 4

I V . Iiidastrv Sc M in e r a ls , 4 ,8 4 5 , 1 6 8 ,3 3 4 ,0 4 3 .5 2 5 •'^1 5 .7C

C i v i l A v ia t io n . 1 .3 ^ - - - - - -

Roads 6£ Bridges . 2 3 ,5 8 7 ,2 3 1 3 .33 1 7 ,0 2 2 2 ,2 3 2 3 .8 1 1 1 .43

Road T ransport , 1 .4 2 1 , 1 4 1 0 c;a- « — 3 ,4 0 2 ,3 1 2 ,6 2 1 .5 1

In land Water Transport , - 0 .4 9 - - 0 ,2 3 - -

Tourism 0 ,1 4 0 ,1 9 0 .2 1 0 .8 5 0 .2 3 0 . 2 6 0 ,2 4

V . Transnort & Couiiiiunicat^ ons , 2 6 ,4 6 0 , 0 6 1 4 .7 9 2 1 .2 8 2 5 .0 0 2 6 .6 9 1 3 . IE

Education

General E d u c atio n . 1 6 ,5 7 6 ,8 3 6 ,7 5 4 .2 4 5 ,8 5 5 ,0 0 5 .8 S

Art & C u ltu re , 0 , 2 4 0 . 2 9 0 ,3 3 0 ,1 9 0 .3 1 C .3 8 rv onW , w

Technical Education , 0 , 1 6 0 ,7 1 0 ,4 2 0 , 2 5 0 .6 9 0 ,1 7 0 ,2 4

S c i e n t i f i c Serviees -Sc R esearah .

H e a lth . 3 ,6 0 2 ,7 8 4 ,0 ^ 3 ,0 2 5 ,3 8 3 ,81 3 .4 9

- "

1 . 2 . ____X.

6 . C 2

___ 5 .__X_

4 .0 6 1 1 .4 0 1 6 ,6 9 6 . 46

_ 7 , ^

7.96

6 .

Sewerage 3Jid water Supply

H cusing .F c i ic e He as in g .

Urban Developm ent.

State C a p ital Projects,,

InfonTiation & P u b l ic it y .

Labc^ ■■ ' ..^iDour Welfares .

K elfara of S c /3 t u OBC,

S o c ia l ',''!eifare

N u t r it io n .

ether o o c ial & Comm^jjiity S e r v ic e s .

V T .S ocisaj 1 Corniminity Ser~\~icet .

Secretaria ' IccnoiTiic S e r v ic e s .

ti^concrrdc Advice Sc Sta- :.3tics .

Weights 1 M ea sures .

Other G eneral 2conornic Sur\^y,

V I I .E c c ncmic Services .

S tationery & P r i n t i n c ,

F 'jblic V^crks .

0 th er s -<3 r an t s - i n - a i d .

V Z I I .G e n e r a l S e r v ic e s ,

X 3 .4 2 X

X I

0 . 1 9

0 .0 5

0 .2 6

0 . 2 4

3 0 .9 0

0 .0 7

0.21

X 0 .0 7 X

X X0 .3 5

0.12

0 . 2 4

0 .3 5

1 .7 9 X - X

0.21

1 .7 5

0 .6 7

—

0 .0 7 0 .2 1

0 .2 9 0 .1 7

0 .9 6 1^04

0 ,1 6 0 . 5 6

0 .2 4 0 .4 6

1 6 .4 7 2'7.':^9

0 .0 6 0 .0 6

0 .0 7 0 . 1 7

0 .0 5 0 .0 40 .4 2

0 .2 1 0 .6 9

0 .1 3 0 .0 6

0 .4 3 2 .0 6

0 .5 7 2 .1 7

0 .4 60 .4 2

0 . 6 6

0 .0 6

0.21

0 .2 8

0 .5 3

0 .3 6

2 9 .6 5

0 .0 8

0 .12

0 .0 4

0 .2 4

0.12 1 ,0 6

1 .0 6

2 .2 4

3 .00 1 . 5 4

0 .9 6

0 .2 7

0.10

1.000 .3 8

0 ,0 7

0 , 0 7

0 ,0 70 . 7 7

1.000 »31

1.11

0 . 1 5

1 .5 6

4 .2 5 X

1 .1 9 X1 .9 6

0 .2 4

0 .2 9

0 .4 6

0 .6 2

0 .0 9

0 .2 4

0 .1 4

0.46.

0 . 2 9

4 .9 9

0 .2 9

5 .7 1

7 .0 5

3 .4 5

1 .6 1

0 .3 7

0 . 1 4

3 ,4 3

0 .6 5

2 .3 7

2 7 .9 5 2 6 .4 1 2 6 .9 1

0 .0 4

0 ;0 9

0 .0 4

0 .1 7

0.101 . 0 2

1.12

I

Grand Tc ::al ; ICO 100 100 100 100 100 100

I . o^CIC-ECQi.'JLMIC Il'.DiaHTI01\To -

otate/JT'S XPercentsge of JrbanXDensity of Fcpa-T '.i'^eracy Rste^Jet area p^Jcrkers =3 p--:rcen-

Xrop^lation rc the Xlation (P erso n / X H lC O O ha) Xtage c f total ;oc-

Xtc-cal r^opjLlation X-q.Krn^ . 1 1 Ipu latio n .

X (Pe.i;cer.t) X X ______________________I____________________ ___A______ ________________________-- -------- T “ T 9 7 r “ T ' “ r 9 8 'r “ 19'71 X 1981X1972-73 X19^7-76:: 1971 X 1981

---- -— _ ?I _ J _ . I 2 - I _ L _ 1 2 I I I E _ 1 L _ _ I - . L I

1 . Arunacaal 3.7C 6 .3 2 6 7 1 1 .3 2 0 .0 9 115 115 5 7 . 65 5 2 .5 9

Prades .1 .

2 . Assarr,. 8 .8 2 185 253 2 S .1 2235 26^9 2 7 .9 5

3 . M anipur . 1 3 .1 9 „ ^ 5 . 4 4 46 63 3 2 .9 41 .52 140 140 34.5^^ •t 6 . 0 2

4 . M eghalaya . 1 4 .5 5 j 8 . 0 3 45 59 2 9 ^ 3 3 ,3 5 164 1^8 4 4 .1 7 45 .70

5 . M izo ra r . 1 1 .3 6 2 5 .1 7 16 23 53 .6 5 9 .5 0 65^ *-7

4 5 .6 1 44 . 6€

6 , Nagaland. 9 .9 5 1 5 .5 4 31 47 2 7 .4 4 1 .9 9 104 182 50.'^5 5 4 .1 4

7 . Tr ip ura . 1 0 .4 3 1 0 . 9S 149 195 3 1 . C 41 .78 236 246 2 7 .7 9 3 2 .2 4

j ,1 _r;p>.TC .S oH X- S LH'"/KL O."' CC■ viOi-i-i-C jj£.VII:.Lu.i?t-"iS-M _•

i t a t e / U T s I Percentaae of v^crkers ± n___ ______I Per C a p : tal x;ood^ capita ocn-l ConGumptior ofXPri^iary 7 ^'A3ecGi.dary~T lertiary I grain prcduc-cionX 3’_LinptiGn of El-X i 3PK i ex" Hactar,I ’ XSec-cor. X s e c t o r . X (K ^s /Y ear )__________ X ect r i c i t y ( unit) I________( K a s ) _____________

0 '9 7 l X 1 9 S n i “S 7 r T I ^ T n 9 ” I l 9 61 i ■ 197'3-74 X1979-80X 1573-74 X1979-80 X_1973~74 X_l979-80 — 'i :-----l T '2 7 ” T '“ :^:’ i ” ” 4 T " r 5 : " r " 6 : ’" i j 5 : ' r — 9: ' r ’ l ® : ' 1 i i _ _ i 1 2 . ~ i 1 3 .

1 . Arunachal p.-, 4 4 7 4 . C5 o.45 0 .3 0 19.11 24.85Pradesh ,

2. Assam. 77.04 4.20 16.76

4. Meghalaya 81,64 73.46 3,30 1.15 14,86 2 5 .3 7

5. Mizoram, 84,17 7 4 , 1 . 7 6 1.3'^ 14,07 23.86

6. N agelsnd , 79,46 72,12 2,38 1.43 18.16 26,25

■S--

110 175 Negligefcie 9 0 . 3 5 0 .7 0

133 102 26 36 2 .4 7 2 .06

224 171 11 12 8 , 8 6 1 4 .6 0

114 110 16 35 1 .2 3 8 .3 0

212 2 5 0 .3 1 0 ,7 0

95 126 10 31 0 .9 7 0 ,5 0

214 144 9 11 3 .6 7 5 ,5 0

O' I^CG I_£VEL 0? ^^^'hA-TR'j: 0?hI*NT

S t a t e s / JTs, XTsrcentage of ner ju-fc^cencage of vx^xa-XLength or Pacca ALex-igtn of Pucca of varernaryl ir r ig a c e i area to Xges e l e c t r i f i e d iRcads per rhou-X^^oads per l?Kh iHospiral per lakhs

Xnet are^^ sown. X Xsand og.rJi. of Xof population Xof cattle popula-

X _ _____ __________ A ____________________ ______________________ ________________ __________________' Xl:>72-73 X 1977-76 X 1973-74 X 3 0 -9-&0 Xx979-£0 Xl9 8 4-65 Xl979-€0 Xl9 6 4-55 Xl973-^4 X 157 ^-7o

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — -5— -3;-— j— 5---------- j— 5;---- 1 — 67— 1 T .- J 57— I " " 5 7 " r ~ o 7 — r ' i I 7 ---------------------------------------

-1ArunacnalPradesh .

2 0 . 0 0 20 . 0 0 2 . 7 9 .9 2 .1 4 3 . 8 1 3 0 .0 0 4 5 .^ 1 32 40

2 . As s an"!, 2 4 .5 0 2 1 .4 0 7 .5 2 0 .4 45 .3 3 8 5 .5 6 1 6 .6 4 3 0 .5 6 J. 5

3 . M anipur. 4 6 .4 2 46 .42 1 1 . 1 1 6 .5 6 4 .0 9 1 0 5 .7 7 1 0 2 .3 6 1-^7.61 25 2 "\

4 . Meghalaya , 2 9 .2 7 2 6 .4 0 5 . 6 1 3 .5 7 2 .9 2 1 0 2 .4 9 1 1 0 .23 1 6 4 .5 4 7 9 OD

5 . Kizoram . 6 .1 5 1C .4 0 1 .3 J. 1 . 6 2,.x4 2 5 .2 7 1 1 .2 5 1 3 3 .2 5 31 1

6 . Magaland. 3 0 .7 7 2S .70 ' 1 8 .5 3 6 .0 ’:^7.i9 90 .80 1 8 2 .2 8 1 8 7 .63 2 2 47

7 , Tr ip u ra . 1 2 .2 9 1 1 .30 3 . 6 1 7 .0 1 1 6 .7 0 2 5 1 .0 5 6 2 .2 0 1 1 4 .3 9 5 <5

IV . h -.tdiga ’io r o shov-vIng l e v £Lo c± ^ lx: ia l o Eik v ic e s

S t ^t e /J T s X Gross Enrolment Ratios XFopulation per hcs-X ^rea servedby a XPcpulation covered byXP'rimary Class' M i d d l e Class Xpital bed (Persons; X Post O f f i c e XFair P r i c e A a t i o n shopI X X __X _(oq.Km)_________ X ( i n l a k h p e r s o n s )

------------------- - . . ..._ n 980-81 X I 96 4-85 ” X 1S74 X 1978~XT370- TlTl9W - 7^l970 -7iXl97&-79 r T 9 7 3 - 7 4X1579-80 U 980-81 XI98 4-8 5 X_ 1974 X 1976_

---- t ; ---- T ~ '~ r ~ T ~ ~ r ~ T ~ 4 : ~ ~ T ~ 5 : - - T ~ e r ~ ~ 'T ~ z Z 2 l Z 2 Z Z 2 1 Z l l l Z - T . Z . ' i l . l Z 'J . Z i ° i ____ I I I

1 . isjrunach al

Pradesh .3 3 .1 7 1 .6 1 1 .5 1 9 .9 iNiA 80 5 447 355 1 .5 1 .5

2 . i^ssam. 6 6 .6 7 2 .2 3 4 .8 3 7 .4 2592 2204 26 23 1 5 0 .3 2 1 2 .8

3 . M an ip ur . 1 3 2 .5 1 1 5 .7 4 5 .5 5 5 .3 1290 1221 47 42 9 .4 1 3 .5

4 . Meghalaya- 9 7 .5 1 1 8 . U 2 4 .3 4 1 .0 1471 1005 56 52 i i , 7 1 5 .9I

5 . M izoram - 1051 743 90 77 3 .3 4 .2 M-VD

6. Nagaland. 1 3 9 .5 1 2 4 .^ 5 2 . 6 5 4 .5 53 0 734 80 68 2 .7 1 .11

7 . T r ip u ra . 7 5 .2 7 « .7 3 4 .6 3 4 .8 1320 1690 18 17 1 5 .9 1 8 .0

REViEU OF ri'iE ON~GC)INJ lEMiso

T') f u d l l t :1 .■ r V- f tlie ■.'ri~g )ing pix)~

rjr iinmtiS ")f tha Cfjtit.r il iJEC P.L 'ii ■•H'l St it*.. E’.L .iik- \ii‘1

t. • \ lii-p',).i.nt t'.h - -h -I t c , 1 ?riin.i.': et: '. in tlui, ..: ]>r

fframinf'S l:lio I7 )ri:lu'j cir iip i.n Its t l.i st iti-ji i. Liij --n l^tii

H-jve;tnbo> i . . > 1 J..I1 y )J in. i Lihi'/ ui/ Uew iJo I h i / .prop tn ;t

r^hlv:f 3r.c;r' t u i:-'q :>i:_ tlic n: .n^t L tnr?nt: un i tn -t r igiv ’n

rn. y pi(-(i'Qt;e .in iTsâ p vi*'-'i f; 'i' tiu. ii' T'espcnjt.ive St itu/UT* The

|i'Tper3 , fipar-t f rom tjlvJ ruf tlie cui rt nt si.-it.un ).t. dev'olopinent

.in th(:>ij :M it.eAJT w is .il;ô exfjuated to c irry ^n -133t.:S?!nient

-£ «»roqj--cJG3 inai ' j in the.- f Xf jcuti* ',:)f tlie pl. in3 /prog-.i. j.rnrru-js

nndGi' thia Centr. i t.ito/l.TT }.’! in.'B in tluj noiis tituent uni.t.B*

Pdj ther, t ho Walking Gi.'nip a Lso sngg' si-.c.i tii it exi>nubH i.n

0 inh M Lril.;:itry/r.)ep-irtJTK-'nt o£ Govt, Iiid L-i/Pl inning Gi:)ininis;d.• .■n

inigtit. !*-Tep.ii:v.: ,i pîper c )vei'in(,j th 3 subft.ct rriatte.LS de ilt witii

by tilt. IV'pF)i.l.itKni t’.s/Ml I) i .St rj.es gi.vinij prr'Sont. ,s tatiu =i ot

i m i » M i t it i'>ii jf: the soheiues and p ti uuow.'>rk i.ii uhi^h

t ill : pr xirimmcv^ woi 53 f 'i inul itiK.l/ tlit pi. rhlc ■ni.-i whit.’h have

t.Micountt.rt:d and inoor]>or.it i.ng snggest i >n3 f > >r nec’-o.Bs ixy ait.er-

n iti >ns .ind muv.liflcationro .'f t.he p olicy or progr.immus# Three

aroa ]ia]i0 rs tram A^s.am, Anain'ichal Pr-idt^sh and Manipur have

only b>-3on rcjceiv‘ ;«t - thore h la bean no xesponsu ii )ni tho

other oonptitnt'nt unitis. H >wever, i t i « neaessar^' th.it, tJae

Area pap'^rs cout.iin a general review of tiv- >'n-»going schemes

in d ic a t in g , amon^f otht^r t.hings,. t.lie deficiencL< s m d dii'ti-

cu.ltiu.3 S ' -IS to eiVHblu the ; -rking Group' t .V C'jmc;. t > some

conclusions in tiiis b ; h i l f . The Working Group al3o note^ that

F r',:)g.rarnme Evalu iti ^n trvr ini s it ion oE thtj P I innJ.ng Gominisaion

li IS not evalu ited m y o f the Centr-al Programme in the regron

in recant time. The re to re, the Working Group is handicaf^ped

ta c mii t 'j conclusii^na in this rec|ar«l. However, on i he basis

of the iimitt.d inform .tion .iv ii iab le in M -rth E3 st..^rn

Gotinr-'.II Secreta.ri3t s me of, I.he shr'rt-c:. unings in thu execu

tion of plan-progranimes are indiaate«l below t

Gont.f'.. . . . M / -

( i ) pBj ^i J .0 pmc: I nf ra s t r u >. t_ur£ :

2 . T he r e g i n n has d i f f j c i ^ t t n p o r j r a p h y and r u g g e d

i t j i j - a i i i , Hany o f hhe a r e a s o t f r emot B and i nncnBs s i b l s ,

i T o p o q r a p h y poaes a p r o b l e m i n the s r l e n t I o n o f Ei i tB f o r

p r o j e c t s . T he e x e c u t i n g a g e n c i e s t e n d t o g i y e much g r e a t e r

c o n s i d e r a t i o n to e a s i e r acceaa and a w a i l a l - ) i l i t y o f f a c i l i

t i e s t o s t a f f t h a n to t he b e n e f i t ^to t h e t a r g e t p^opul a-

t i n n . The norma o f c o s t on v a r i o u s heads a l s o s e t a . l i mi t

t o t he scope o f c o n s i d e r a t i o n bec a us e l o c a t i o n s i n r emot e

and i n a c c e s s i b l e a r e a s mean much h i g h e r c o s t s o f t h e ^scliemes

u h i c h w o u l d not be s a n c t i o n e d e a s i l y ,

3 , No g u i d e l i n e s f o r s e l e c t i o n o f l o c a t i o n s o f

schemes a r e e v o i v e d . I n t h e i r a b s e n c e l o c a t i o n o f schemesu

becomes a m a t t e r o f at lboc d e c i s i o n s t a k e n o f t e n f o r g u i t e ■

e x t r a n e o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , u l i i c h do n o t f u l l y t a k e i n t o*

a c c o u n t ttie r e g u i r e m e n t s o f t h e s c hemes . T he s B d e f e c t s ; r e

l a t e r on d i s c o u e r e d and i n d e v i s i n g mea s ur es to o v B r c o me

t h e s e , l i k e p r o v i d i n g a c c e s s r o a d s , p u t t i n g up b u i l d i n g s ,

p r o v i d i n g w a t e r s u p p l y and e l e c t r i c i t y et i^. c o s t and timcD

o v e r r u n has been e x p e j i b u c o d „

'' Ci i ) Ha n p o u e r s h o r t a g e ;

4* V A l t h o u g h t h e o v e r a l l l i t e r a c y r a t e i n t t i e r e g i o n

i e h i g h , s k i l l e L j manpouei r e c j u l r e d f o r t a k i r j g up p r o j e c t s i n

( d i f f e r e n t s e c t o r s i s - n o t a v a i i a h l e , Fv en t h e feu p e o p l e u ho

ar e t r a i n e d , ar e not n u i t a t j l y empLoyed on p r o j e c t s f o r ,

u h i c h t h e y have iueen t r a i n» c , T i i e r e b e i n g r e l a t i v e l y h i g h

deniand f o r t r a i n e d nj anpouer , t r a i n e d p e r s o nt u 1 f i n d

a l t e r n a t i v e s j o b s on, h i g h s a l a r i e s , EVe^n f o r p r o j e c t s i n v o l '

v i n g s u b s t a n t i a l i nv est ment : a p r e c l s t : manpouor r e g u r w m e n t

a n a l y s i s i s n o t done w i t l i tt ie r e s u l t t h a t no pr onr emmes 1oi-

adv anc e regu.i r ement .and trp. inint: ) a r e u n d e r t a k e n ^nnd f o r l ong

pel i ode c o m m i s s i o n i n g o f p' oj F. i Ctn i s r i e f e i T e d o r dut: to

f r r g u e n t t r a n s f e r s , e f f e r : i n n c y o f p r o j e c t s i s a f f e i c t e d .

- 21 -

( i i i ) Fr j 1 eot I'jxinul.iticnx i

5^ In many caa. s pr. rjocta \re. F)riuul it.i3d wLth.)Ut

in vii.iW t.h,,: bat illty d L thu sltuatlvni -ind -as a

r ;nLrt the tjt 'il c-:j3 t ol t h e pcojoct. rind the benelitti whlah

are ILkuly to fl')W not -idequito iy assessed . This is

jr.rlnnrily dur, to lack of p m p e r tQcihniaa.1 app roc t it i.on :t

schGiTitiS it thu t ormulot.'lon S t ig o , Fv;rrtTul itl Jn sut:.h pr

je ct reports , which iro nît cjmpiete in hi.iuy tespeCta n6ad

to bo revised Vt- ry often \nd r e su lt—In tinie i;>v<^r-run/cost

ov ;rnin .

h, ‘J n 3 cases pi opor stjlection :>i nl bt. In :i.d-

vrince is not rn ide and det iil project rejôrts not pr<ij.MrGd.

Thor<jfore/ nt;c(iss iry cost-^buncl'it m i l y s i s c'ln n jt

nndertaken . Seldom a c ^st Domifit .study is undertak^;n. Even

in irri 'âtion projects tlie rneth'jdoloqy f o r c^>st btinefii:.

study if? h ig h ly se luc tlv e and coirp iJ.traunt.ilised so th it

thvi Euli Bper.trum of btm 'ftA s in({ c’; :^ts is n tAi-llY

ci ited resvili.ing in hiîhly opt.imi s t..ic aflstissinent.*

7 , On02 of the general lacunae noticed in regard to

schoinus, p., irLicul. tr ly . ch(jinu-s in tlie 8t>.ito PlaiiS md tliose

suqgosted f or WEC P lan , is t h it targe-ts, b j i h physical m dI

■p- mnrir'j , are suggested rather c a s u a lly . These ire n’-)t

deterniined, on the basis of a v a i l a b i l i t y if c r i t ic a l inpiitfi/

absorp'tion cap \clty of tht.i excuting agency, locational

advantage /d isadvantage o f 1hu p r o je c t , demand generaf-ijn - tcfv. ■ n

consequently , the suggijsted t i.me-f raiae ,)f t h e schemii beC'^me

unrealir .t ic ,

(iv ) av a i l a b i l i t y of Inputs ;

a. L>ue t ) transportati.)n and c jmiaun Icati.; n d i f f i

cu lties frequent f 1 jjods 'ind becanst; (jf t, he h i l l y terj-ai.n,

in|)Uts I'ecfuired f o r vaii'>u3 deVfaJ 3i,;ment projfct.s do not

re ich the i:>r:.jgramine sit e t.imely and adecfu. it.ely. Due t.D

un<.F»j;;Ht.alnity in supply of Inputs v..:ry oft^nin elLher i t is not.

possiblp* to draw and Erogramme Svaluition And Review

Technique Chart - r even, i f i t is driwn, effective- coordi

nation of various act.ivities are not fe is ible .

1 ^ 2 ^ -I

................ ^ 3/ -

9 , The guograph.laal sitU'\tJ.on ind absencv' <jif ar’

e t f ic ie n t : nfi Ghe^ip br m sp jrt system, G.)St of inpiit.s and

Gontingoncles r e q a i r e d f o r imiDlernent^\tion of t h e pr .)grammer

up G'.-insidesr^^bly in most, g i s g s . This makos propter asst-e-’

mtjnt )f the cos-t-. .:f t hu j-ro jects d i f f i c u l t ,

Cv) F ln in a ia l I n s t i t u t i j n s

10 , In view of Land Tennure System in the r e g ijn un--

c e rta in ity of suppjy o f in p u ts , non a v a i l a b i l i t y of man

power, the f in a n c ia l in s t it u t io n a hesit.ites to c me forw u d

in big a w ly to finance v ar io u s devel>jpmt.ntal irtivl t i( >s in

the reg io n . The scope for internal resource mobl lis-iti 'n

being lim ited , inadequacy -vf in s t it u t io n a l finance cre.itor!

bt )ttleneck ,

^ ^ ^ l^ivanning Commis,jion/Centra 1 M in istr ie s

GuLIeTines on Schemes ,

11 , Schemes l ik e integrated Rural Dev^;l pii'ient, a r '

drawn for tliei j;egion, f>n the alJ.*-Ind.t-i p attern . The le jli--

ti.es in the f ie ld are very >ften n-:>t t aken int. j account..

As a re su lt , many schemes when implemented da n Jt pr xlucfi

dusired r e s u lt s , /».s an e^xaiUplti take the case •)f Int.egrated

RutOil Devel >pmeni. Progra/nme, The Central g u id e lin e is to

’ 'V.idc 10% o f th<3 total budget for devel^pmant of in f r a s

tructure, In view :)f the u tte r lack .:>f i n f r a s t rueture in t-he

m r a l areas of t h e R .E . Rf.>gion, the budget for deve'l'.jpmGn<;.

:>f in frastructu re is In i emote and in a cc e ss ib le

areas thJ s firovl.sion need t. > be x a ised t :) a tle a st In

c:isu )f North E istern Region , i t may be necessar'y "t:a draw

sep,irate guicielines and fi aiiie ob jectives keeping in v i e 'W the

I'jcal condJ.ti'.ms in spe 'cific ireas, PJanning Com mission/

Ceaitral M in istr ie s m ly issue appropri ite gui'ieli.nes,

12 , A v a i l a b i l i t y of fj.n ince is rendered che»ncy spo-

rarlio inadequate ^nd o ften delayeci due t adh ja cuts J.n T'l.ai

V.T budget ind •jutmoded procedu.res f o r s inct,l )n r-is well in

J.naderjiiate delegation )f t)ie i i e l d agenc^L 'S,

t ’

. r. a * H

S--23 “ X

13, AdinlnlE. t i cih-inii .1:; nnt: o n l y an .1 m p n r t a n t i n p u t f o r

i f F t c t i u e 1 m[!l nmnnt at i o n o f P U m Sclu^mr:;;;, bu1 1n thc! c o n t e x h

n f + h( M, r » In n l i J r h p o l i t i r a . l If a fie. L’f. h i p yeb to (i(-\/fvlop

a d 0 f|IJ a t e t r a r! i t .1 o n s , f :i n d kj i t, r p L f 11 y v/ i r 1 1J t' n 1 i t fj f ( u ]. i t y

nnri R x p n r i a n n r ' I n a p o ‘ i l l o f i of ^.unh ad\'ari1 atjo as to a f f o r d

a s f i c r i f i c d i n i r n s l o n o f l o o n l i B t ' d H r c h i p . I t s □ r j en t a t i ( K i ,

a c f-;o u n i. a I) i 1. i t y an d inn i; ,1 \j n t, i n n on 111 o n n h a n rl, and i i s t r a i n -

i nn v/arious j(3bs i t 1b f ' r l l o d upon tn poi ' form a r e i m p o r

t a n t pr f d i l t m a i o a s , 1 hf i n ,i r; .? prf :ssi .nq nf-r:d tn haUi ‘ t he

M ^ x i o t l p q s t a f f t n undfU'DO r t f r f a h r ^ r t r a i n i n q , and q 1 9n tn

cxpnsr. i t to mndnrn manartBmt;n1, mutltnda ( i m r.fidui es and oquip-"

•ments B o l B t i n q i . h e r p o f . In f ^ o t thf: p( r R o n n e l p o . l i n i e ‘3 nf t h n

UBii.oLis Bi9c..tor;,: rnny nnc d a f .horouqh o \y'?rh;:U L ?'nd biiG bdinln

a i o a o f ( ]ual i f j r:a t i o n a f o r t 1 i q 1 f i. 1 i t-y neods tn \n r e w l R u e d ,

( i i i i ) CojTimjimj *

1 4 , Nci i th Faat .Din ri -Miinn b e i n q t r i b a l to nn ov/cri./he. l ining

o x t r n l - i n i t ; , co m p ' . ) i LI n n h.nd esWnlv/ed i i np i i r t a n t t r a d i f. ions o f

r.ovy.uuniiy t. Ic. l i ' .ot ior . * CK't t l w ' i v f u l l i nvnl.v/nmnnt i n rJev/n-

. l onmentnl pro r u n s haf.. t h r o w n up p r n t . l c-inr.. Aa no f r u i t f ' u l

s t r a t e g y has yot be( n rwn.lwe'd t h i s .1 riipo i t ; ib t t r a d i t i o n has no t

y p t bnen a d e c u a t e l y u t i l i s e d . I t I s ;k1':o l i k e l y 1 hat t h r

approact i and rnKthnds a d o p t e d f o r Vf. 'rii^u^ df v/elopintrnt schemes

miqfi t erodf? l a t h r r t h i n a t r & n q tfiGn tfie- t r a o i t l o n a of r.ommu —

n i t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n . «

As rrg' :*rds f i n a n c i n g o f t ht dauel opmr nt f r lans i t

i s u o r t h n o t i c i n g t h a t f o r t h e Mn r t h- { . a s t e r n S bates and Un i o n

T r-! r r i t o r i e s , W i in a r: h a 1 P r a d e a h a n d d a m m u S- K a a li m 1 r , id) e t- b i s

a s p e c i a l p a t t e r n o f C o n t i e l a s s i s t a n c e as e n v i s a g e d under

f iadci i l F n r m u l a . F o r t he I ' ei naining S t a t e s o f I n c t i a , t ht-rc i s

some. pr g po r t i o n o f c o n t r i b u t i o n f rom hhe Stat.t.s on t h e b a s i s

o f II h i c h C e n t r a 1 a s s i s t. a n c e j s d c t e r m i r ft • For t he f\l o r t h --

■ E a s t e r n S t a t e s ami U n i o n r e i T I t o r i Bfi, Hirnacdial Pradeafi anri

riamiTiu & K a s h m i r , f j a d q i l F o r m u l a en'/i s. i ges t h a t t h c f ^ l anni ng

Commi ssi on a f t e r i i d t c r m i n i n g f r ' a s i b l e p l a n s on the b.^si s of

t h e Sh a t e P l a n p r o p o s o l c i ./ i l l a s n c s s t h e cfj n t r if i u I-i a n from

i n d i v i d u a J . G t e t e s o f tfiesi ' s p e c i a l c a t t . q ' ) r y and prov/idc f o r

C e n t r a l a s s i s t a n c e i j h i c h i s r e q u i r e d t.o mer-t fir ba l a n c e to

m a k e u p t i i c f e a s i b 1 e 1 a n a o f i. i r r: h S t a t. e .

6 , T h i t. a p p I o f* n b h n c. ui o i k d r' ' t i f a-r ') r i J y i. n t h c

p a s t bu t cufr j"3 f r ^ m c c i f - i n i i - f r - r ’t

- 24 -

i) There are no arit-erla to cieteLTnine the defi-r

l ien c iea which ii^nder it. necessary for the

Btatea in tiie sp ec ia l category tv.) reirviin

e l ig i b l e f jr th is spec U«1 treat-inent. No diti'-

n ite ind ices are availab le fo r .ircertaiMing

the bicklog that lias to be made u p .

i i ) There is no d e f in it e time-frame in which .Hhe

bickl )g has t.) be made up a fte r which s p e c ia l

category States w il l bo treated is ather S ta t e s *

i i i ) The contriUitJ m at rescmrces o f in d iv id u a l

States varies gre^:tely. There is no in- built

incentive to provide or develop more res:)urces

far c )ntrib\iti >n t ) the p la n .

, I ----------------------- - , T ..1 - J — -U - - •— ------------! - - £ . *r.

•V; 'pi)0 r0 Is a speicial pattern ot Central assl-

stance foi the plans of the North liastern States and Union T o r t it o r i e s . There are, ;

however, no d e f in it e c r it e r ia toi. detei-mininqLcr. ijji. o-ucii j - 1 i_ 'i. '.jtj ue< 'iixiixjig

d e f ic ie n c ie s of tJie spec ia l category S t a t e s /U T s ,

in order to f i x \ time frame fo r making up th^

Jncklofj:, to provi-de in cen tiv e to these S t a t . :s /

UTs for developing a d d it io n a l rt.isourccs ind

create psych )logic-.il cijnfidence and senSfj Jf

effirality am >ng these S t i t e s . A p e isp ectiv e p i r n

with the d e f in it e ;3tr ite g y of bringing the

Noi’th iil ist to a c iinpa.rable st;:igc )f clev - l »pment

with the rest of the countty wJ/thin certa in

time fr'iim' Is necessary^ I t w i l l give

d ir e c t io n and i xjus tc the programme ; f ec aio-

mic development )f t he? reg io n . For tiiis pur

pose , spec.ifIc i n d i c e s of development should

be evolved . The n a t io n a l o b l ig a t io n to provide

for more lin n pr ;pijrti-jn-ite resources tu spe

c ia l cate>|o.ry Stit .^s in >rdr;r to bring ibout

thtilr adv \ncem13nt reudaring them c-.impar.ilnln

other Stat'es shoul'd be accepted as i n a tio n a l

planiilng o b je c t iv e and conimLtment:,

-I

A.

(v) Thert^ l i e n') d )unt pr>)qr inunes for cleveljp-

merit bised )ri i he I. >c il requ irement s :ind

,ily .) in th 3 c.jutext of u itur il i. irgel.s ind

p r i o r i t i e s ; ilso fr jm time to time In cer-

t. iln c ises ( .rn}.rir isuns with the s t itus of

progress with lil indin norms or wer-agea

:^re m'lde to show the b ickiog in p 3i t ic u l ir

sectcjrs like r u n l e l e c t r i l i c at ion )r poveii--

ty linos but. thereu is no pt.;rspechive pi ui t

b iing the North E.^st t j i comp ir ibi ..- st ige

ji doveli'>pment: / jut ige on thie bds Ls ■ >f o

s p e c if ic s.jt )f in d ices Jf devu] )pmf;nt/ with

the rest of the count:,rY, v/ithin one 3r mor..:

s p e c i f ic time fr imes t )t the roqjon \s i

whole ir sep irately for its constituent. un.it.s

Even less h is thert been iny -\ttumpt to

eormark d ire c t or jjreeiapt r^jsournes tf; pj.o-

to the icUievemout >t such

compir"itive development wihin such >ne t)i;

morf time frames. V'/ith )ut such i strit'.egy

the development i'^r-)cess, while an^il.jving

w -rt.hwhile results in otht^r ways, rem lins

without d irect io n focus or bnp ict .

1 7 In -irder t^ remove thf^sc' d e f ic i e n c ie s , it

should bt3 accepted p^'licy that siiecific indices of <ievc 1 >pment

sh'L^uld be evolved \nd -igreed upon with reEerence to which pare-

grammes are devi.sed and res mrces u.e pre-empted in respect

of plans of special categ )ry St.ates so is to render them

comparable w ith the co nditi in other States with a s p e c if ic

reference date '>r p e r io d . It may n )t loe p o ss ib le to h ive tht.-

c r ite r io n of completing this pr .)ceasf)r a ll the s p e d i.l c iteg ■

ry States uniformly in a p a r t ic u la r time frame. I t is a matt.er

of study tij devise a si^^gi^ '.:)r more than one time frmu- f'>r

d i f f e r e n t spe c ia l c itGgo.cy S t a t e s .

s~26 -I

. . . 2 7 / -

:-27-!

T h u n . - , t i o n i l o b l l g . i t i o n + .0 p r o v i d e t m u r e

t h ^ n o p p o r t i o a . t e r e s o u r c e . . 0 a p . c i . 1 c . t . g o r y S t J.n o x x i e .

t o h r i n y a b o u t t h e i r . d v . n c a n w n t r e n d e r i n g t h e m c„>n,p u -ible

o t n e r S t o t e , . s h o u l d b e a c c e p t e d . s a n . t . o n . l p3 . . n a i n g u b j e - . t . ; e

ind cdmn itment.

^3 f t .s id e s t h e h ls t o r ic .a 1 .ok >E d--vej opment,

mother c-)mpoXUny reason fo r developing . .p e o i f l c ti.ne fr

w ith in which coiiimunlciti.jns netwjrk h is t J tar. dt.vt. 1l i, - '

the N:.rth-East is to restore t h e bre/ik down ol coinniun.n^o -i n s

that the region suffered due t . p a r t it io n of the country

which completely r w a g e d the l in k a g e , wi tl, the rest ,t I n d . .

„ n d w h i c h c a u s e s , a s a n u r g e n t a n d c o m p e l l i n g n e c e ^ . i u y , t h . ^ . .

t i s K ) f d e v e l o p m e n t o f n e w « d a d e q u a t e l i n k i g e s , T n i s r e q ' J v i . ^

a p r , g r a n g e o f r v i l w a y , r o . d a n d i n i . n d w a t e r t r a n s p o r t d u w -

l o n m e n t s o t h ,t t h e e c o n nny o f t h e N o r t h - E a s t d o e s n a t s u f f - r

w i t h tile s p e c i a l h a n d i c a p p e d c l U B o d l^V tJ^e p V C t l - t l o i u

-ooOu'J'-

The Reg io n t

Ly ing between 22 ' N*”29^30 * N lat itude and 89 47' -

97^2 5'^* longitude the North Eastern Roqion ctirnprisea the

f iv e States ol Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura and

Nagaland and the two Union T e n i t o r i e s of Arunachal

Pradesh and Mizorani. Tlie Region accounts for 7 ,7 percent

of to tal land space of India and contains 6 .8 9 percent

of total population of the country. The northern side of

the North Eastern Region is guarded by h i l l ranges form

ing part of the Himalayan mountains. In fa ct , the area

iB made up of mountains above snowlines to plains a l it t le

higher than sea l e v e l . Total area of the region is 2,.^5

lakh square km ., o f which 70 percerit is h i l ly te r r a in .

Consequently, the topography is undulated In the bulk of

the reg io n . The region has a considerab’ly large Inte/'na-

tlonal boundary with China in the North, Bangladesh in the

South I Bhutan and Nepal in the West and Burma in the E ast .

P a r t it io n of the country in 1947 broke tlie natural and

age o ld linkage of the area with rest of the country and

this land locked region Is now v ir t u a lly c u t .o f f from the

rest of India with which it is connected only through a

narrow corridor in the North Bengal having a p p i - ' o x i m a t e , wid t h

of 33 Km on the eastern s id e and 21 Km on the western s ide .

2 . Physically the region consists of four d lstri^ ’t

geographical areas :

^^) The Bralimaputra Val l e y t

This v alley l ie s in Assam varying in width from

BO-lOOKm in Upper AsSam to about 55 Km near the M ik ir H i l l s ,

The Brahmaputra raver has a number of tributaries and

r iv e r in e is la n d s .

(11) K ast ern Him alayai

These are the eastern most part:s of the H i m a l a y a s

and l i e w ithin Arunachal Pradesh .

(i i i ) E astern Mountain R eg lop *

This region covers parts of Arunachal Pradesh

(Tirap and Lohit d i s t r i c t s ) , Assam and a ll of Nagaland,

-7C

Tripura , Mani.piu and MizoLain. Most of the in h ab ited areas

l ie e ither in VrlJeys or v alley s lo p e s . The important

low-lying 'ireas are Tripura - Cachar p la in and Irnphal

-'i'ailey. Numerous xivers and t r ib u ta r ie s inundate the a r e a .

(iv) The Meghialaya-MIK ir Table Lan_d:

It covers tho outlyJ.ng M lkir H i l la and Garo,

Khasl and J a i n t i a H i 313 in Meghalaya. Tliis region i s , how

e v e r , an extension ot the In d ian Peninsular s h i e l d .

Diver^:iitles oi cioil and Climatet

'Phe major types cl the s o i l in the reqion are

a l l u v ia l Fo il in Erahmaputra valley and r’achai;-pla.i n s ,I

la te r it e s o il in pcarts of Garo and I\hgsi T-IiHs and- red

and yellow so il in Arunacha-1 Pr<idesh, Naqaland, Mlkir

H i l l s , Manipur and Ml2:o H i l l s , ce n tra l .'trip in Meglialaya

ind tlie liilly region of Asscim. The s o i l in Brahrnai'Utra

valley is j.argely i l l u v i a l ^nxi is :^object to rene^^isl d'le

to f lo o d s . I t ii;; siiitable for r ic e , ju te , f.u.lsr's, mustarrj,

j,Jc' tr'to and veqet ab.l.es. The h i l l s o ils are genera l],y ]oanny.

Ther-e are jsually a cid ic and 3iiitabln for c u lt iv a t io n of

Iru jts and potatoes. The iT^terite s o i l s , having been

hiqiily beirhed , -ire ac jd ic and poor in pl-.nt n u tr ie n ts .

In such a re a s , e r o s io n i; an a c u t e pronleiT . T'le tem pera

ture ol tiiv.; reylori v a r ie s be'cv/een 1 he le.'vel o f belov;

t .reecing point (-lo ’ ' c) in thej upipet' anac:h.aJ, P ra de sh

and centlgratf^ in the p l a i n s ol Ass-i.m, Manipur ind

T r i p u r a , Tlie average r a i n f a l l o f 2 5 0 0 mm. r:)er annum is

c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h as compared to the a l l In d ja a v er n q e

(lOOO mm). In P'hasi and iJpintla H i l l s the an nual i n t e n s i t y

of ra.i n f a l i reaches the max:i tuan of al’OVt; 1 0 , 0 0 0 mrn .irc.-und

Cherr^'pur]j ee and Maw:-ynram (havi ng the 1 igiie; t r i l n f a b l

in tile vjorld) . Jib'.'Ut two t h i r d o f tt .e tcta.i nn i i rain-

f.'ill occur d u i l n n tlie l our nicnsoon iirjr tlis of J a n e t

jeptember. T i e 'li.mate the r e g io n ’ irom the tem

p e r a t e in the h i l ] ^ rec'ion Ic tropdc .il j n the v a l l e y s and

p l a i n s , “

?0-

Vrc mi^nerrt ?iydrologinal fe atu re i i

h- The region has two main r i r e r aystems f i z ,

the Dr'ahmap\itra and fiai'ak fed by nurnexous tribiitar

and. streams all of: which toqether ^natituti)4f; a f|*od

network surface water-waya. There is however, consi

derable variation in the ground water distribution of

the hlliiS and the plains 'containing a <^^>d numtrer of

AkCCCrding to lf»Bl *ensus, the popuia'tion ©f

biorth Eastern Region is ^6 ,58 m illion . About 90 percent

of this popalation live in the villages . Three important

chararteristlcs of population which stand out most pro-

mi nentiy ares

(i) Rapid growth ra>ê> Between 1971 rmd 1981 :

the populaii%r> of this region inrrease-d at the rate of

3 ,73 iiiarnent. per annum as compar^fi to the a ll India

growth rate of 2 ,47 p<?r%ent per annuf^,

Ve^'V iow densit!^- of populatjyn(excepl;lon

As«am and Tripura) ; In the North Eastern Region the

density of popul^ticn Is 102 per iq\iare km, as against

tV->e density of 211 per s%viare km. found at the a ll

India level; and

(lii ) Remarkable concentrsgtjon of Scheduled

Tribes in the region j iiccc>rding to l^^Bl census the

Scheduled. Tribe populate!iw:i about 45 percent of the

regions total population while scheduled tribes form 7*5

percent Of In d ia 's totai populit.lon,

4, So Car as wpetial dir .trjbution of population

ls_JConrêrrle^li, one c o n stitu en t unit i . e# Assam alone has

iTM'.uxt 75 p»ereent the r e g io n ’ t o t a l p op ulatio n .

Mljaoram with only 0 . 4 ^ m illion peNb-ple has the smallest

a i»«^ C)f population in iihe N*»rth Ea«t:eFn-Regiorr. Acc'X'rding

to 1 ^ 1 census, the male popul at-il n is 13 ,9f ind llion

while fetnale popuiatlieM Is 12 .66 million . The sex ratio

is âlrîlated as 909 f <-->rrta I I'jer thouRand males.

- • :>l -

}, The otate-w.ise ficjares ot density , decennial

growth rate and sejflHratio are: given in table-4*

Tcible ■ ..3.,fl

D e n s it y , Decenrila I Growt h and Sex -ratio oi . . Population ,

State/ITT XPopulation X Density XlJecennial XDecennia 1 ](3ex-ratioXl9ftl in (jOO (persona XCrowth )prowth X(t'emalesX X per Km) X1961-71 X197I-81 X per ” 000

' ’)( X jtperaenta-X(Percenta ^ m ales.

I I X g e ) Xge a d j u s - XX X X ‘ _____ 1 ________________

Arunachal

PradeshAssam

Manipur

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Maga land

Tripura

Total *

628

1 9 ,9 03

1 ,4 1 1

1 ,3 2 8

48 B

733

2 ,0 4 7

28Y.578

A l l India 5 8 ,1 4 1 j:

253

63

59

23

47

104

3 8 .9 1

3 4 .9 5

3 7 .5 3

3 1 .5 0

2 4 .9 2

3 9 .8 8

3 6 .2 8

3 5 .0 4

2 4 .8 0

3 4 .6 3

3 6 .0 9

31 .83

31 .56

4 7 .1 4

5 0 .1 5

31 .81

3 5 .7 3

2 4 .6 4

870

90C:

973

9 55)

9 3 6

86 7

94B

909

93 6

‘ Source I R e g i s t r a r ,Genera 1 of In d ia .

$ : Worked out from p ro jected p op ulatio n . £s Estim ated .

(Source R a s ic *S t a t ia t io s of Region 1982) .

% . From the la test a v a ilab le data r e lat in g to 1980

fpr urban areas i t d.s found that the b ir th rate (per 1000

population) is 3 1 .8 in Assam, 3 1 .4 in Manipur, 3 3 .5 in

Mec^halaya 2 0 ,9 in Nagaland 2 6 .3 in ‘rrlpura and 2 5 . 9 in

Arunachal Pradesh , ^’he death rate is 1 0 .7 pe^r 1000 1 ti Assam,

6 .2 in M.inipur” :12 ,3 in Meghalaya 7 .1 in Nagaland 8 .1 in

Tripura and 1 4 .8 in Arilnaclial PradeBh. However, + ho tj.gurcs

of bi.rtli r a te /d e ath rate Mizoram are not a v a i l a b l e .

The Tasl;.

The. b a s ic tasks before the regiob , in accordance

with t.he o b jective set ai national level are (a) attainment

sel f-sut f i d ency in food, ( H n h igher 4 e v e l ot social

consumption p a rtLc u lar ly in education , health , n u t r it io n ,

san itat io n , water supply and housing (e) reduction in in-^

f 1 1 \it ;t ura 1 boLI 1r>nonVn (d) i ndim+ r I a'l (th 1«. , and

generahion of productivn employment and (f) e c o l o g i n a and

envlionmental c o n s i d e l a t io n . S im ultaneously , suoh resources

oi the region which enjoy locational advantage w ill have to

be appropi icitel y exploicfcu i-ur use noi only within the

region but also tor the country at large . However, before a

iE s ::t foa development oi the north-eastein region,

it woulc' be necessary to an? lyse tlie curren^- status of the

region in tegard to above aspects .

10. According to 1981 census the population dl the North-

ii^xistern Kegion is 2 6 , 5B mil lion „ On the basis of ava ilab le

information from Planning Commission foi Assam, Manipur,

Meghalaya and Trip ura approximately 52»63 percent ol the

population in rural area and 3 3 .3 7 percent in urban area

is l iv in g below the poverty l in e , as compared to na+ional

average of 5 0 . B2 and 3 8 ,1 9 peicents for rural and urban

areas . The poverty l in e for' sucli an exercise has been f ix ed

at n u tr it io n a l requirement of 2400 calorie?s per person per

day ior rural areas and 2100 calo ries per person pei day for

urban a ia a s . However, for uriderstandi nq the ne.ed the

region tor for any State /U T ) the otVier consumer needs like

minimum clothing requirements should also be taken into

accoiint keeping in view the local customs, culture and

diffrrer. Jes in c lim atic c o n d it io n s . A comparison of ner

capita income (table 3 .2 ) for the region and its d is tr ib u t io n

also indicates that the ’region is backvrard in many respects .

Table 3 .2 Comparable estimates of per capita Income at current p r i c e s , 197 *-80.

_______ _______ _____ __________ __ _____ _ __

XAssamXManipur )(Meqha- XWaqa- XTri- j(/-ill

^ \ „

1 . Total 1031 11 63 1092 1100 1202 13161 .1 Primary Sector 601 575 559 373 664 511 11 ,2 Secondary Sectoi 151 159 169 232 97 3211 .3 Trade Transport 145 156 152 74 201 2641 .4 Others 13 4 3 73 212 421 220 2 20

Note: Primary Sectors Aqricul t u r e , Animal Husbandry, Forestiry, F ishery and M ining .

Secondary Sectori M a n u fa c tu r in g ,E le c tr ic ity and Construction .

Trade & Transporti Transp ort , Trade ,Storage and Hotels U Restaurants ,

Others : Real E s t a t e ,B a n k in g ,P u b l ic Adm inistration & Comniunity 6 Personnel S e r v ic e s .

Sources Monthly Abstract of S t a t is t ic s Central otatjs- t ic a l O r g a n i s a t i o n (A p r i l '6 4 ) .

3 3 -

Per capita income of a l l the States in the I® Region is

lower than a l l Ind ia a v e rag e . Moreover, a sectoral compari

son indicates that the income o r ig in a t in g from secondar /

.'Sector and trade Sc transport sectors is far below tlie na

tional average . The income o r ig in a t in g from other services

is higher in case of some states mainly because of larger

cont.riliution from p u b l ic a d m in istrat io n , h sut)stant i.al

share of per cap ita income o r ig in a t in g from primary sertcrs

ind icates the dependence of the region on A g r ic u lt u r e .

This c a lls for d e ta ile d analysis of the role of primary

Sector in the development of tlie Region and reasons for

in adequate growth of other sec to rs ,

M Unlike most other parts of India the population

being sparse , any economic a c t iv ity in which lal>our input

is higher is not d e s ir a b le since the sparse labour has to

be diverted from present occupations which have been found

very tax ing and create apprehensions in respect of Induc

tion of lai>our from outsldf '. On the other hand the social

conditions and economic development level b e ing very p r im it iv e ,

mc;st of the labour is a p p lie d to rudimentary occupations ,

y ie ld in g very l i t t i e surpJ.us for investment on account of

low technology . A g r ic u lt u r e is the mainstay of the people

of this region . The net sown area is . m illion hectares

and the net ir r ig a t e d area is 0 , 8 miliio^i iiectares . R ic e ,

maize, wheat, gram and pulses are the p r in c ip a l food grains

grown in this areas . Among the non-food grains ground nut,

o ils e e d s , f ibres (ju te and m e sta ) , p lantatio n crops (tea ,

co ffee and rubher) , sugrir cane and potato ai e impoitant as

w i l l be seen in the fo llo w in g table s

Table-3 ,3

Production of P r in c i p a l Croy-s

Crops I tJnits I___________ Produ ctionr T 9 B 0 - p r " " ’'X r T 9 B 0 - p r 'T l9Pl-82T5;9B3-e4(Anti-

________X ,____ _______________ X____ _____ ______________ _- i i '""‘l a r X c ->5- _______

A , f'0( i(3c)rain3 lOOO 30t>6.4 '4371 .40

tonnes

- 3 4 - '

----

2- I -.1- 2 ____ I

B . '\Ion ~J* o odq r a.1 n :

1) ijllseeas Uinstard) 1000 tcTin.-a 3 . 2 60 ,B 1C 5 .8

i i ) ûgarranx(Cane) -do- 1 9 9 3 .9 21S’6 .9 3 5 7 3 ,7

viugar cane (Gur) -do- 1 9 t ,8 2 19 „ 4 3 5 8 .4

i l l ) CotI on 1000 Bale.^'

of 170 Ky eacti

iv) J at (.> 1000 Bales 7b'-. 4 ot 10'n Kij €'ach

6 0 7 .1 962

v) Mes t a K'OO Bales 13 5 .S ;132.7 13 4 . b

vj) Poi a to 1000 tonaes2 7 7 .3 2 B 6 .4 3 5 6 .4

v i i ) i.iweet Potato -cio~ 5 4.B 5B .2 .B

oouicei Basic b ta ti

Plans 198 4-^stics ot WK Region F S of St cl t e s / 1JT s .

1 9 6 and annual

Hequiiement of food grains in the. region ican b=.

e 3 1 j. m a t e<i tj y t - k i n g 1 n t o acconnt tlie populnition in ieach

consti tuent unit and cc n amj’t ion nor ms . t ima ted r nrf i j, remo

of. food yrn in s In 19b5 aiid 19^^0 .is giv en 1n t a V le 1 , 4 ,

Siinilrir eotimcRtc .tor the ya<-'\r 1 983~ b 4 worXs ojt t.o 47^7

thousand tonne.s. Put tlHij the Iniorrnation c.f the t wo t'^bLes

t oaethei-^ It ran be .êen th<:t the^ r e a io n made an (effort. tc>

reach the level of s e l l uf f i c ie n c y in f oc<di rr ni ns d u r l n q

the -.s.lxth F i v e "liear but inif'-ort of: food ora Ins in t;h.e

l e g i o n by P'ocd C o r p o r a t io n of lndic.i in the vear 19B3-b4 was

s t i l l of the ordo;r of 1 0 . 9 4 lal^^h tonne aoaiiist the? pro-

dactio]i~con=ûmption gap of al)Out 426 tnousand t o n n e s .

B a l a n c e of the iinpi^ ( 1 0 . 9 h - 4 . 2 t - 6 . 6 8 lakhs tonnes)

can i'e as .soci ited 'vith e i t h e r of the f c l l o w l n q f a c t o r ;

(i ) The: r e g io n doe..- not have a sound -'System o f

c o l l e c t i o n of a g r i c u l t u r a l s t a t i s t i c s and

there may be larg e e-rrors in a c t u a l p r o d u c t io n

and t s t im a t e s prcijected i n the annual p lan

dCCUTTKUlt s .

( i i ) C’ rt; may b e h i d d e n / t r a n s i t o r y p o p u l a t i o n

071 w ide sprecid srnuggling, of food g r a in s in

the l e g i o n .

<3- hôwcver k e e p i n g in v ie w the a n t i c i p a t e d a d d i t i o n a l

regui I ' H t oi loodgLcîTia in the fêver’th Fi.ve Y e a r P lan and

Pi - - r

VOC. .

UatxPGPULATIGN AICI REQ’u XirLcilyiEINT Oi?' f Gi<Axi' > -i-i'T "±':niL. 3A3E AiC) TSRIâIvAL YE- OP 6EVEiS>T-H PLAÎ.

Tafcle-3.4

--5 s t irr. a t ed XP op u.lation(OOC) X^stirr.ated requirement of food grains in IOC>0 X A n t ic ip a te d additior.

i 19o5 \ 1990 X tonnes X requirement of foe 1 ■

X t 1965 X 1990- "7

in term inal yearA Y TOXivLi 1 RICE X TOTAL X RICE I ■TOTAL X

A-2- i -3~ -4“ X -5- X -6- X -7- X -a- X -9-'"

1 . Arun ac h al ^ 1 1 ^ 851 18C 109 213 129 33

2 , Assain 22936 27364 3fc30 3349 4573 3998 743 641

3 . Man i-P' -iir 1596 1666 3 40 334 397 3 90 57 5c

4. Meahal~ya 1502 1753 2 50 219 293 2 56 43 3 .

5 . Mizcrarp. 586 736 111 107 13 9 135 28 ■2t

C- Nagaland 93> 1196 157 137 200 175 43 o8

7 . T r ip ’ora 2319 2707 471 422 550 493 79 7:

*PCta ‘L id i. 'ii » 30S96 364C13 5339 4677 62 67 5576 1026 89-

; Es c inestimate a pc “The Ncr-ch

irr.r.ted reqairGK.ût- r f ns aiven in Coitus. (4) t-o (7; ha-e bo«-ii r i v î U i y U . .imatcd population {Cr l ,2 u 3) aud ccn.'^''.u«..^T. ,u n<>Lms gJ— by Nr’7-,RP Ui«= Re-n.x C

r'_ . o / r.r=, 1 ^raHspoi-^- .ûL^êy for Ida-*. p,4 r>ijrl j^r-p ^LStern Pvegion : Reciona'

a h o r tfa ll in the S iK th Five Year Plari/ u t arget (. f increatJe

C'f 20U0 tlioujaad tenner wilJ have t o be set wh.i ch v/il l be

bO pel cent ot in crease in present ie v e i o.i production ,

I if. For develt.)pment of ag ricultu ral a c t i v it i e s ,

irrlcjcitlon is an imi)ortant factor . Ir rigalion was not pract i-

sed to any app reciable degree in the past in tlie North F.afi-

f.ei n R eg io n . Qn t fie b asis c;i thf' int;orTTiatj.on [jresenLod In

the r eports of cen tra l teams and the date^ a v a ilab le in CVK'

statew lse d e ta ils oi land use, water resources pc.tential,

irrigatlori pot.ential and u t i l is a t io n is given in Table 3 . 5 ,

Table ^ .6 gives the comparison of the status of land and

water reoources development oi the Region witlj all In d ia ,

As compared to n a tio n al average of 27 ,4 5 percent qro.ss

ir r ig a t e d area to gross cropped area , the region has only

20*17 jjercent.

: Among the othtir alJ-i.ed act iv ltJes mention may

be made of iior't Icui-t ure and animal Viusbandry which arer-trad itio na lly c ar r ie d out a ll over the region . The mrjor

ifru its grown in the are* are. P ineapple , orange, lemon,

guava and banana. Llv«stocH~rearLng is an essential part

ot tr ib a l l i r e , i eci lc in the plains are in creasin g ly

adopting it as an Important means of l iv e lih o od which can

inprcve their economic co n d it io n . It is an imf-ortant

source of protein in the ir Eood, In the f iv e units other

than Assam and Tripura the number oi pigs and poultry

is far higher than the il l India norm. For instance , tlie

number of; pigs per 100 people ranges from 11 per 100 in

Mizoram to 40 per 100 in Hagaland as against tht? rill

India average of 1 per 100 , The position regarding live-

stocK and poultry is snown in the tfib Le be lows .

' 3 7 -

T a b l e 3*5

i i y j - R j i t s t M i y As r a j j ^ Nfj HTH

] t B m 3 0 f _^,t^ ___ _ , „ ,,, , -T-

jj.: m..my « --

As So III S: Ar u n a c h a! a

1 f'Oi/oram

T , LkHU (OIJO h a )

G B o g r a p h l c a l ar ea 7QG3 B360 2109

R e p o r t i n g Ar e a 5550 2101

F or i ' Bt s 1996 6150 1303

K'nt av/al l abl .B f o r c u l t i v / a t i o n 2414 10 211

T o t a l c i i l t u r a b l e ar ea 3442 377 500

1- a l l GUI l a n d N. A. 130 430

Net soun ar ea 35f>0 112 77

T u i a l Cr o p p e d ar na 3 GB7 128 106

Net i . r r j g a t e d art?a 5 fl1 16 0 . 1B

G r o s s i r r i g a t e d ar ea b B 1 1b 8 . 1 B

1 1 . UhTf H POTLMTI A L , , !S u r f a c e u a t e r p o t e n t i a l . 5 5 8 7 7 6 * 366000 312 91

Gr o und tJatfir p o t e n t i a l 14B20 707

f'lai or/r’Ujdium pr oj f ^ c t s

ha )

970 N . E . N . E .

hi l l or p r o j e c t s

i ) Gur gace u a f e r 100 0 166 75

l i ) GroLjnd u a t e r 700 100 5

1 \/* I RMI GATJ UN U T I L I S A T I O N' i r m m ha)

f'la j o r /Ne d i urn pr o.j c c f s 142 N i l Ni L

^ i n o r p r o j o c t s 7 35 B • 1 8

li.

i UJJ J: I SA T j D_IM..., ( [ % ) _' P o t e n t i a l at 6(]% 1 nod f a c t o r

: n s t a i l e d c a p a c i t y i n c l . u d i n t j Dngiiing Pl inr o HydBj ScheiiiP ' n s i a i i e d c a p a c i t y Hi c m Sydel bcheme

990 2 BB5 fJ

Mil

1 [1.42 0

364

N i i

1 .U

' . ncl udGS c n n t r i b u t i o n of r j x/Br s cnniiiig f r om o t h b r n t a t e s

ti'OLirce ; C B n t r n l L; ater c<^ninii s b i on ( S c c . t R x t )

Tehii^ ').B (ront.de)

I t.eiTia

I , LAND (00 ha)

Ij PD() r -j[ih icei <- r na

R F p o T11 n g n r r- a

F or r . s i a

Not awaiJ.8l3.le pLir c u J t i u-iabicn

T o t a l c u I t u r a b U ' a r n a

F ' oJ l ou land

Met Boun a i pa

T o t a l c r o p p e d d i F a

Net i rr . iq<: ; ted ai. ea

G r o s 6 j I r i g a t & d a r & a

, J'ianuH

Hjji n i p Lir

/ z uh

2211602

1445

164

140

213

5 b

75

3.,I I . ^ T E R (d"tm j

bur f a c t ’ u/atpi p o t o n b i a l 19794

C n und i . a i e r pote- int. lai 44

‘la)

Ha:! or/npdiurn p r o i e c t s 135PI i n or p r o j e c t s

l ) S u r f a c e uiater 100

i i ) G r o u n d u a t e r * 5

1 ^ T Ji J

( 000 ha)

n a j or/fi b d i um p r oj t' c t s 41

n i n o r p r o j e c t s 2 9 . 3

U.hYDRGPGli F_R POTUMTIAL

P’ o t e n t l a l at 609 l o a d f a c t o r 1729

1 n ,s t a 111 d c a p a c i t y j. n c 1 u d i n g o nq o i n y PLicro Hyt j c i bchcrnes 10b

1 n u t a 11 f-j ci c a fia t. i t y m i c r o H y deJ . echf mes ....................b , B

11.223 1 2

223

4 8

bC

20

85

15

15b 7

1 0 4 2

2 8 b

4y

1 63

62

62

104 7. ' "

10-^7. 7

40 B

1 20 .2

2 7 3 . 5

4

253

422

29

29

67216 14090 7616

3b7 N e g l i g i b l e 5B8

10

80

N.b.

100

1001b

N i l N i l

2 9 . 6 ■■ 6 1 . B

137. 11

131 1

1 3 4

812

N i l

4 3

1 2

r .01 i .

3^1 -

i-j 3 .6

a r l s o n of t o j . u f r j i j ^ a j b J - ^ o j i

Las' tr j in Ren i o n u j t li A l l I n d i a

( F i g u r e s an on 1 9 7 B - 7 9 )

D fc! 8 c r i p t i on U n i t

m r .m

G R o q r a p h i c a l ar pa

R Q p G r t i. n cj ar ea

Pfjpulahidn (1 9B1)

L u 1 1 Li r Q b 1 e a r c a

Nt t :^uujn aTE-ja

G i g s a c r np ped area

G i; P n £ i i r i g a t e d a r t a

M p t d. r I' i g a t e d a r n a

DtM'iB'i t y of p G i . u l a - t i GH

G/oe.s i r r i g a t e d ar ea t o g r o s s c r o p p e d a r e a

I r I i r.j a t i u n p g t, e n t i a 1

r indium/na j or

n . ha

I'!. ha

Mi.] 1;

n . h a

PI. ha

N . ha

I'l. ha

n . h a

p e r s u n s /

SI ,i. k * .50

N o r t h e a s t B n s t a t e s 0 X n G p t A 8 s a (Ti

Nor th e a s t G r n s t a t e s i n G1 ,A 3 Barn

A l lI n d i a

% V or N . E . et a t f: s e x c e p t A 8 s a ni

. .................... ,

% f o rS t a t e s i n c; .1..A E t ' ) 3 mA. -

17 . 66 2 2 . 51 3 2 0 . 6 8 5 . 3 7 6 , 8 5

1 3 . 1H3 2 2 . 0 5 3 0 4 . 6 8 4 . 3 2 7 . 2 ^

1 6.711 2 6 . h 0 e 683. 81 0 , 9 B% 3,tf 9

2 . 6 9 6 . 1 3 1 8 5 . 7 9 1.45:it' 3.3)0

0 . 7 4 3 . 3 0 14 2 . 9 4 0 . 5 2 % 2.3.1

0 . 9 8 5 4 . 0 7 1 7 5 . 1 8 0 , 5 6 2 , 3 2

0 . 2 4 0 0. 821 4 8 . 0 9 0 . 5 0 1 , 7 1

0 . 2 1 8 0 . 8 0 3 7 . 9 6 0 . 5 7 2 . 1 1

B 2 , 1 G OO -1 £.1. I

p e i c r n t 2 4 . 3 7 2 0 , 1 7 2 7 . 4 6

pi o,j t c i a n . h a 0 . 2 5 5 1 . 2 3 5 5 8 0 . 4 4 2 . 1 3

N.1 n a r p r o j e r t o

a ) S u r f a c e 0 . 6 1 6 1 . 6 0 6 15 4 . 1 0 1 0 . 7 1

h ) f'ijDUfid liJriter 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 8 4 0 AO 0 . 3 5 2 . 1 0

T o t a l n . h a 1 . 0 1 1 3 . 6 8 1 11 3 0 , 8 9 3 . 2 6

S o u r C E : C R n 1 1 ' a 1 U a t e r CornnilsslLn ( S b c t e X t.; ) .

4 0 - "

State/iri' ICat-t le XBut i a- \ lloeri

X t

(Figures in thoay

jlplieep Xt.Cdl Xli'- isej Xp I u Xother XToi a.l Xrc-a.l trylu p o n - X Xies X

Xl i v e - X Xstock X

Arunachal l&B 11 21 7 4 5 113 382 1 ,1 7 0

P tadesh.

Assam 660 4 730 59 16 57 le 514 9584 10449

Manipur 53 3 94 7 3 4 1 176 32 876 27 4 ‘-■

Meghalaya 477 40 20 119 6 151 813 1 ,073

Mizoiarn 49 3 (^) 23 1 43 120 1 ;oe8

Nagaland 93 B # 24 2 238 10 ** H 5 715

TiipuIa 592 14 3 198 (a) 45 8 53 66 5

_ ______ _ . — - ^ ---------------------------- ---- — — —

Total MKR 8 506 900 1 10 2179 34 1.2 BO 44 13005 1 /905

A l l India IB 0 .0 62 .0 4 0 .9 7 6 .3 0 . 9 NA 9 .9 3 6 9 ,0 152 .2

Source: Basic s t a t is t ic s c f Na Region 1982 and ]'Ji r ector at

Elconomics ^ .,>tati^Jtics Assam^ Mani|)ur;

Notes I Reference year for Arunanha] I'radesh and Assam-1979, pnd for others - J 977 (fi) B q I o w 5 00**re la tes to K i t hnns

(a) SB4.

There is a wide variety ol torest with qreat

d iv e r s ity in cliinate and s o i l . According to National Remote

oensing Agency out o,t the total forest area of 12H134 sauare

km (1980-82) which is 4B .28 percent of total geoqrapliica 1

of the region . 6 4 , B3 p e ic ent ( i . e . 104449 km) iw2

under closed fo re sts , 1 5 .2 1 percent ( i . e . 18710 km ) under

open /degrated fo r e s t s . By owneiship c ia s s i f l c a t io n 8 1 ,6 7

percent of forest are owned by Foi st Departm.ent and 1 4 .6 0

percent are under corporate l:>odles.

If There are variatio ns and d isp arity in -the data

made a v a iia b le by 3tate/Ul^ Government and M inistry o f jkori-

c u ltu r e . Hov/ever^ apaJ t from ttiis, several nationa-1 and

intern atio n al organisations tiave challenaed the figures on

veqlt at ion cover in fo r e s t . The cover area includes blankt^,

I iver-be-ds, snow c a p p e d mountains, grass land cinii pastures

etc . T h e forests of these types have l i t t l e value for s o il

and water conservation .

For assessment of vegetation cover in ilorlh-EaSt

Inriia^ the Forest survey of In d ia (FS I) made v isu a l in te rp re

tation of land set im ageries . The f in d in g s from the analysis

of data revealed that s h i f t in g c u lt iv a t ia i has deplceted

vast areas of v eg etat io n . The recession jt forests over

the period of f iv e years may be seen fr.orn the Table 3 , 6 ,

The similai' in ferences drawn by INIRSA in Table 3 , 9 are

differerit from le su its de.5fiived by F S I .^ ■.

jtf 'The r e g io n 's h itherto une.xplolted mineral resources

for which exploration research and e xp lo itatio n are being

undertaken, hold out b r igh t pro^='pectG of in d u s t r ia l is a t io n .

Among the availab le mineral resources p ar t ic u la r mentioned

may be made of coal, limestone, sa ll im a n ite , marble, cru^le

o i l and natural gas . Table 3 ,1 0 gives the data on a v a ila b il it y

of mineral re so u rces ,

Table-3 #10

A v a ila b il it y of Hinei~al R eso u rces (1977)

Minerals X Unit X Resources X State in which occur

Coal Mil 1 i ons

to n n e s .

9 2 7 ,9 0 2 A run a c ha 1 P r a .l es h , ks sa rn,

Meghalaya & Nagaland.

Limes tone -do- 2 9 9 8 .9 Ar unachai Pi a flesh, Assam,

M anipur , Meghalaya mrl Nagaland.

Crude O il -do- 7 0 .4 6 Assam

Natural Gas

Fuller Gas

M il l io n cu

ri t.M ill io n

t o n n e s .

. 2 3 0 0 0 .0 0

1 7 .0 4

i^ssam cind T r ip u r a .

Assam

Marble -do- 73 .80 Ar'u na c h a 1 P r* a < ie s h .

Source: Basic s ta t is t ic s of Region 1 9 82 .

Besides , deposits of s l l l im a n it e , kyanite , dolomile

and glass sands found in Meghalaya, Assarri, Tripura and Naga

land have a b r igh t prospect of df:^velopment, Recent survey

have revealed some deposits of m eta llic minerals as w ell .

In sp ite of a high resource p o te n tia l , the North

Eastern Region is in d u s t r ia l ly backward liecause of lack of

e ssen tia l in f rast rue? ture facj 1 U ies and entreprenurial as v;ell

as managerial a b i l i t y . Large and medium industries which have

already started are of r e la t iv e ly recent o r ig in , iimong the

e x is t in g industries in this category meniion may be made of

sugar factory (4 unit :s ) , paper m ill ( 4 ) , cement: 1 actory (2 ) ,

T S D i- fc

state L a n o w s t I I I m a g e r y o f 1 9 7 5 - 7 6

X I o s e d

' I L. C2 M U

UEjQi'acje^ C i D s e d farestTCjpen f o r s s t X C I d s g l

L a n a S a t i m g o e r y i n B a n d 5 B l a c k

1 9 B G - 6 2^nitE

fcr-ests i f r ' T B s t s J ujith ■ s n i f t i n g J u i t h s h i f t i n g x f o r e s t s

jDeoracea

iif o r e s ls

c u i t i \/a ti C'lj _ ^at ii n _ _ 2 £L!1

C i .o s e d f o r e s t ' K e n ' ^ T o T e s t “ luith

u i t h ' s h i f t i n g x s h i f t i r g o u l t i -

o u l t i j ^ t i o n _ _ | v a t i c n

’ A s s£ m 19^411 5EB7 Zu 04 1 G 52 1315 0 4 0 b 0 3300 3160

. f'l a n i p Li r 277'! - 132 92 4 4 76 3480 5 0 12660 4 ij U

IMeghaxsya A353 1601 5233 50 08 45 6 0 JuO 4710 3B00

. N* so a l a n d 4' 94 2S3 2444 8531 5260 210 2610 6270

‘ T x i p u r a 2:855 170 ^.378 1838 ' 4 5 160 445 0 960

_ i ' l izcrafT 418S 12 13521 2592 1530 - "7290 1150

* Ar u n a c h a l ' P r a d e s h 57224 466 3315 4 525 3GB30 tu ^ L :'.07a0 15 60

- - — - • , .... .... .... ... - . *•- ' '■ - „ ------- ----- .“ ~

- T O T A L 5 5 D 5 6 8521 4 4637 27736 65310 5520 55720 19320

E stU'eenV 0 Q e 1 2 "C

1 9 7 5 - 76 & i o n c c w e r .

1 9 8 0 - 8 2 , an c 3642 So.Krr .

r e 8 of 6054 Sc of c l o s e d f o r

• ^rrr, - f e s t s na

area has 'je been ^ . a

beer, denuded of de O E y i a d p r i ,

<S3

kThn under f o t & 8 t classt.^s j n Nortt i L a s t t r nStabf^s ' jnd Uni on T e r r i t o i i B s d u r i n g 1S)72--1975 and 19BU' 82 based on wioUcd i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of L a n d s at d a t a .

i) t c i. e s / LI, T . k P e 1 .1 o d } T cit t'j 1 >jA 1 & i nji Ijj. _j5jn,*f.'pen7'^i&"

I graded

^J'ATLS

Assam

1972- 75

19B0-B2

I a n i p u r

Hc: niialaya

11 i p u r a

1972- 75

19f3(VB2

1972- 75

1980- 62

1972- 75

19BfJ-82

1972- 75

19BU-62

1972- 75rt r u n f) c. h a 1 l U a d e s h r^BG-B2

Total NtR

1972- 75

1980- 82

1972- 75

1980- 82

G Hoqr-

aphi- ca 1 T3 r f> n

C l os e d f o r a s t

(forest

K7B520

2:^360

22490

1f.5l5G

10480

8:3580

21090

25^050

'--- ' -jr -..... .. -f - ---- —O t h e r 1 T o t a l 5 p Brcen

(Bl^iou J , 5 f o r e s t'' , t f 0 r c: s t I ^ ^c l o u d / . w a I b a oa r e a j | T o t a l (C o-

f op I I y r a p h i x n lL) t c , 5 fl r t a

18691 2:364 221 21056 2 6 , 8 1

15590 4206 5 6 19796 2 5 . 2 1

13678 1412 570 15090 6 7 . 4 9

11295 2277 1076 13572 6 0 . 7L

100B3 4:‘i07 62 14390 63. 9B

744 8 5010 746 1245B 5 5 . 9 7

7067 1087 1509 8154 4 9 . 3 3

4 921 3174m

1303 8095 4 8 . 9 7

5972 35 0 6322 6 0 . 4 0

4554 62 9 5183 4 9 . 0 : ;

50460 97 8 1962B 51438 6 1 . 5 4

494 B6 261 B 96 B1 52104 6 2 . 3 4

13206 f)54 5 (i 13B60 6 5 . 7 2

111 55 B 1 6 326 11971 5 6 . 7 6rt . . . .

105 951 1 1152 14 0317 5 5 . 0 2

104i^^4 9 10730 123134 4 B . 2 8

^ Mr: • ti. •. ^

- ‘H

J u te mi .1.1 ( 2 ) , d ist i llei Y ( D / plyvôod and wood pr oducts

maniii t ui iiiq indust r.i e3 (18) f ert i 1 i 2 er f <-ictory {2) ,

chemicai industries (in c lu d in g petro-chendcal indusitries 14 ) ,

hard board faclory ( 2 ) , spunailk mill ( 2 ) , cycle tiactory ( 1 ) ,

o i l re fin ery (3) and miscellaneoua Indushries (7) , The

maximuin concentration of Indus t iies of this category number-

inq 4a is found in iusaam. In other Stales /UTs of this region

tlir, existence of very few in dustries oi this kind (numbering

merely 1 io 5] shows that they are at -the very nascent si age

of in d u s t r ia l is a t io n . Some of the key s t a t is t ic s relating

to selected industries f a l l in g with in the purview of fa c

tories iiCt are pre.:!enied in Table 3 ,11 below i

Table- 3.il

Selected industrial b tatistics , 1976^22

State i Factories No, )t‘impl oyees )[()utput Rs Xincomt. gerje-I I No. Xln lakhs . Xrateri k V ilue\ I X Xadded(Rb.inV

I I )îaKhs) ,

am 1 ,5 6 9 1 ,2 1 , 0 6 4 5 4 ,2 7 9 14 ,9 31

M an ipur 3 3 1 ,0 2 0 82 28

Meahalaya 3( 4 ,1 5 9 730 291

Tripv ra 64 2 ,6 8 0 395 81

Ind ia 8 1 ,2 7 7 6 6 ,4 9 ,2 5 0 3 4 ,0 9 , 0 6 5 / , U ,070

Source : /m nual Survey of In d u str ie s , :1 976-77^ C . 3 . O .

U , In regard to small scale industries as well., the

region has not so fa r been able to make good pt < r/r-ecss, The

reasons for this may be ascribed to the pa’*^dty of adequate

intrastrui^turai f a c i l i t i e s and lack of fûtrepreneut sh.1 p,

lack of marketing f a c i l i t i e s and ina<:?t3<.:iuate technical know

how and special higher cost of of iufr .istructure

in NE also come jn way. Of course# tlê small scales in-

duc3t r ie s are growiny both in number and divprnjty and cover

a wide range of product-iines and beloug to agro-based,

forest; and other resource based# demand based anri 3€^rvi.":ing

c a t e g o r ie s . The recent growth of various large and medium

in du stries in the region hold out the prospect of development

of d i f fe r e n t a nncillary ind'is^ries in the small ncale sector .

4 * 5 -

The d is tr ib u t io n of d i f f e r e n t types of small scale Indus-

tries is given in Table ‘~3 . 1 2 ,

I s ■’jle-3 ,12

Small scale Industries - 1 9 7 1 (value of o utp ut ,value c.idded

find Employment) .

State/IJT X Total WorkingX Gross Value XValue added ]f,Employment

X unit A p£_ output

t iJumb er 5 ".3 cin crors i S l T V 3 , i n cror»33X Number

Arunachal 11 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 7 187

Pradesh .19 ,6 52Assam 1 , 648 2 2«64 9 .1 2

Manipur 465 3 . 3 z 1 .3 0 3 , 409

Meghalaya 165 1 . 2 0 0 . 4 5 1 ,1 8 8

Mizoram 61 0 .30 0 .1 6 336

Nagaland 30 0 . 4B 0 . 2 1 446

Tripura 246 1 . 4 5 0 . 5 4 1 ,6 9 0

Totalj 2 , 6 5 4 2 9 . 5 0 1 1 .93 2 6 ,9 10 ‘

AlI In d ia 1 , 3 9 ,5 77 2 , 602 /7 5 8 4 1 . 0 0 1 6 , 5 3 , 1 7 0

Source : A ll In d ia Report . on Census of ujrTit.iH ocale Indusli i£ 3 ,

V o l . I , 1 9 7 0 ,

! ) . Z . The Worth East ern Region h.is rich trad itio n of

v i l l a g e indu.3triea and crafts v^hich are' w ell knov/n lor t h e ir

coloi -ful design and arfcJ -tic craf tsm ana 'dp . It has a large

concentration ot handlooins forming about a cnaarter of the

n ational t o t a l . For i ustance, the cane and borfcjoo worV; of

T i i p u ia , Naga shawls, handloorn products of Manipur, woolt n

carpc of Arnnacha.] Pradssh and s i l k sa. ees and chaddars of

ASBaiTi are some of the v/e.1 1—) no.v;n pr oducts which have capturod

in.-rirkets at. kome and at>rioade In an attempt to stiinui .ite the

de vel of ilinse j.nduatries thti has taken up schemes

for o rgan ising crafts exh ib it io n s to give state; recognition

to the master craftsm en , llo-i'th Biastern Handlocm and Handi

crafts Development Corporations has also b^jexi set up to

provide tra in in g , rciw-n»aterj.al 6nd to help in m arketing .

Besides , sericulture in d u stry covering a l l ttie 4 coI^ponen^-'■

of Eiri, Muga, TaSsar and MuU)ejry' has flourished in this

region as a t r a d it io n a l a ct iv ity pro^ddlng emplovmei’t i.o a

ponsiderable numPer o f p eo p le , from tlie 3t.;itlstics avail-iblt:

for lJ76-*7y it is found that- sen .cuJ t ure ac’t iv it y provided

4^.

en\j)ioynient to 7 ,bOO fainlllos t n AJiuiianha-l Pi:a(ie.-3h, 5B ,0b8

fam ilies in A^sani, bOO lam iliea in Manipur, U.'54 f'-imilles

in Megliaiaya/ 150 fam ilies in Mizoram, 360Q fam ilies in

Nagalanri and 250C iam.l lies in T,ri|,)Ura. The numbers of Muga

rearing fariillieu^ are louncl to 1 0 ,1 6 6 in Assam, 20 in

ManipuL 365 in Meglialaya and 11.2 In Nagaland. Th<- number of

rearer fam ilies In the f ie l d o f Tassar cuitirre and 2 0 ,0 0 0

in Manipur, b in Mitioram 120 in Nagaland, Tlie numbers ot

rearer fam ilies :J n the f ie ld o f Mu]berry culture are 1*^5

in Arunachal Pradesh , 12096 in Assam 30 in Manipur, 432 in

Meghalaya, 120 i.n Nagaland and 4b0 in Tr ip ura . Varieties

of 3-1 IK fabrics in c lu d in g wrapper, ahawl and scrarp ladles

wear, sh irtin g e tc . are produced in the d if fe r e n t S t a t e s /

UTs of: this Region.

, The re g io n 's inv>talled capacity of power in 19H4

is estimated at 627 ,70 MW as ag a in st the assessment, of

iiomenct: hydel p o te n t ia l rouqhiy ee«tlK-ated at 30000 MW.

Proper u t i l is a t io n ol the r ic h power pc^tential of the region

holds the key to economic development. The region is rich

in petroleum, water, natu.ral (qas and coal, out of which the

last three resources a.re expected to provide-d the I 'asis for

a balanced regiona.l power devfelopi:ient . Ii 1973 , tlie NEC,

decided to formulate an intscrated .rerrional plan for power

generation , transm isaion and d is tr iV-'u t io n . Following the

recommendations of the concerned Technical Committee in

1975 , the NEC decided that three power generation schemes

v i z . , K o p il i Hydro-electric P ro ject (150 MW), .Kameng Hydrc

E lectric Project (fo r which tlhe project report envisaged

dOO MW) and Garo H i l l s Thermal Power Project (60 MW) sfio'Jld

be taken up for Imr lernentation. The p ublic sector unde.r-

■^ak.lng named North Eastern E l e c t r i c Pov/er Corporation which

is the implementing agency fo r NEC's pc^wer prr jc-cts has

been able tc' start generatinci power for the f ir s t tine In

tne Kcp.ill Project from March« 19^--

The NEC 's perspC'Ctive plaii for po^ver development

aavisaged the cremation of 12500 MW of liydeJ capaci.tv and

1!0 MW of thernial capacity over a 25 year period start in g

from 19 80 , This p lan drawn up w^ithin the frame-i^/ork of

- 4 7

national energy policy has obviously taken into account

the p o s s ib i l it y of s u b sta n tia l export ot power outside

the reg ion . However, i t is expected. Lhat the in s t a l le d

capacity of the power plants in this region w il l reach

about B94 MW level by 1965-86 and it that time a balance

between demand and supply may be nearly achieved .

Further the region has a good p o ie n t ia l for

energy which can be de r iv e d from the renewable resources

such aa solar energy and biomass energy . Some demonstration

devices have a liead y been in s t a l le d and it should be p o ss ib le

to' u t i l i s e this po-tential in a much b igger scale in years

to come.

Inadequate transpo itatio n is the b ig g est handicap

to the development of Nii Region . The coverage and capacity

of e x is t in g railway l in e s and road net-work are too inade

quate to meet i he growing requ-i.r ement ot this in frastructure

within the region and essentia 1 tiansport link Vjith the

rest of the country. Ih e d is tr ib u t io n of road lengi.h in the

Const it;uent units of the region is stiown in T a b le - 1 .1 3 .

Table-3 . 1 3

Total Road Length (a s on 31-3-1979)

S t a t e / W X Total (km) I Surfaced (Km) I Road per 100 Sq.Kiri.

I Road length Road X

Arunachai 11,553 2,3 96 13,82P r a d e s h .AS sain 56,983 B,396 12,59

Man ipu r: B,B42 1 , 520 39, 47

Meghalaya 3, 690 1, 475 16,40

Mizoram 2,916 1,086 13,82

Nagaland 5, 785 1,3 92 3 5.06

Tripura 7,636 1,220 74.63

Total 97,60 5 17,485 36.28

A ll India 1604110 62 3 402 48,90

Note ; Tlieie is a w ide d iff er enee in to ta1 road lengthgiven by M.inistry oi sh ipp ing and Transport anddata a v a ila b le in Annual Plan documents ot statesand UTs.

bouLt'e i Haslc Road Stat isi ii’s Minl??t ry of Shipping and “I’ran.siicu t ,

2 p,, The pj ogi ess of road develov^nnent in tlie North East

has sc fai V^een tardy prim arily becciu«^e of h i l l y terrain

interspe 3e(l with numerous r ' vers and streans and .large

stre^tch oi the p lains bsinq surepi i b l e to flo o d , h t present

the total- length oi roads in this reqlon is 9 7 ,6 0 5 km. The

percentage oi surface road length to the total road length

is IB .OB as against the a l l india Highways all ovei India

is 1 1 ,0 0 0 km, out of which the share oi ME Region is only

4000 km under the .Sixth P la n . NEC has taken up about 2000

km more roads of regional importance apart from 2370 Vm of

more roads of economic importance.

2 9 , At present the rail loute in this region is v ir tu a lly

confined to Assam Valley with just nominal coverage for

NagalBiid and Ti. i{>ura, Meghalaya, Manipur, i i unachal Pradesh

and Mizoram are outside the railway ma[= oi our country . At

the in.stance of NEC, engineer i ng-cumi-traf f ic surveys have

been carr ied out in ten proposed routes , out of which s ix

new lines l ink ing the consti.tuent S Lates /O T s of the ixlorth

East have already been sanctioned for construction o£

l in e from Bongaiciaon i-O Gauhat i has been completed while t.he

construction of BG l in e from Panchratnaghat to GauViati and

road-cum-'rail brldgtj over the BraVunaputra at Jogigopha are

also going to be compietea in near f u t u r e . There is also a

proposal to extend BG system upto D ibrugarh and also improve

Lhe o^sleiti upto Badarpur with exp loration of the p o s s ib i l i t y

of a new link to Batlarpur . T h is , railway development in

this region w ill be accelerated s\ibstant ial l y .

3 0 . In regard tc waterways, the r e g io n 's potentia l

has so far been only p ar t ia lly e x p lo it e d . Out of 1 4 ,5 4 4 km

of navigable waterways in our country, this region share

is 1983 km. The Brahmaputra river provides the p r in c ip a l

waterway in which the major operating agencies are the Assam

Iriland Water Transport Corporation and Central In land Water

Transport Corpotation . The former agency has a total cargo

handling capacity of a b o u t 1500 tonnes while the J after

agency, after the a cq u is it io n ( f the proposed new v essels ,

w ill be able t:o handle about l':-,000 tonnes of inter-regional

- I V?

^ 9

c3 rc|0 * I n a d e q u a t e I n t r a s Lnictiiral f R C i l l ’t : ies at: the ports

being the niain operational problem, the NEC! In its S ixth

Plan, has envisaged the development, o f 6 ghat stations

with f lo at in g jetties v/hich can be ad justed to .the changing

river flow . A scheme for mec’han ical cargo liandling at Pandu

has a lso recently been agreed by tine iNfliC,

3 /. In the m Region , air transport is very important

but. to ta lly inadequate . Besiden , s e r v in g tlie three 3tate

capitals v i z . G auhati, i^gartala and Imphal, tlie Indian

A ir lin es network also includes a few other towns vi2.Dl.mapur

TeiKpur, Jorhat , Lilabari., D ibrugarh and o i lc h a r . The cove.raoe

by Vayudoot which vas created e s s e n t i a l l y for is o la t e d region

like ISFE has not come up to t:he d e s ir e d extent but it is hop-d

that with procurement, of tiiu.- ller a i r c r a f t s , the iiervi.ce w ill

be able to rover a much la ig^t number' of iso lated towns.

Some areas, v/ith good promise of industr lairsat.ion

have very d i f f i c u l t h i l i y te r ra in V'^ith dense forest cover anci

.•i by St reams flowing along steep gradient, which

render the construction ot roads extrem ely d i f f i c u l t and

expensive . In such areas ropeways may be found to be the most

economical means for tran spo iting b u l k m aterials . The NEC

sponsored schemes for execjltion of ropeway j^rojects wj 11

pi'ovi de the essen tia l transport- links to the s p e c i f ic indus

tr ia l projects sucti as cement p lan ts in Garo and f h a s i H i l l s .

Among the otiier means of communication, postal

Service (including telephone se rv ic e s ) need to be improved

to a great extent to meet the r e g i o n 's growincj requirem ents.

In this region theie are 5159 post o f f i c e s . The population

Served by a post o f f ic e varies troiii 4751 in Assam to only 24

in Nagaland while the telephone connections per 1000 popula-

tioUw i.s roughly i , 9 4 . It has to b e , however, appreciated

that popuJation basis cannot be a s a t is fa c to r y yardstick, in

this regard in such sparsely popul.^ted a reas , '-’he Develop

ment of popular media v i z . radio and t e le v is io n is already

engao Lng the attcintion of the C entral and ritate Governments,

h good iiunnber of schools# Colleges and Llniver-

sJtiRS e x isting in th is rogion provide a conaideralilo

scopt. tor guntral t^dacaLiuiu As r eon ids technical education#

therci* are however, gaps wtiich axe expected to bt reuicved

adequate p la n n in g i or manpower development. Thei e

ar-' 17^ Higher ciecondary Schools (10+2 pattern)# 13 H ig h e r

Secondary Scliools (O ld pat tern), about 2500 Higli S«hoola-

Middle Schools# Prim ary Schools and Pre-Ptitnary achrjoLp.

The total numt er of artB/SGience/commerce/co.l leges in ih is

region is 100 and there are 5 u n ivers it ies located in

A s s a m O ) , Manipur { ! ) # and Meghalaya ( l ) . Among the

in s » .1 tut 1 nns Im parting technical e^ducation and vocational

tra in in g mention mav' be made oi 4 Sngineering C olleg es ,

4 Medical ( 'o liegee , 3 A g ricultu ral C olleg es , 57 TfchnLcal

aid In d u str ia l b c h o o ls , 50 Teacher 's T ra in in g Schools and

18 T e a c h e r 's T r a in in g C o lle g e s . A Centr;«il Agriculture-. Uni

versity with campus in various constituent units is also

lik e ly to come} up,

3^T. Though c o n sid erab le progress has been m^^de In i.he

f i e l d of health and medicril c ir e , the e x is t in g f a c i l i t i e s

are inadequate i:o meet the growing rec:[uirements ot this

region . Th^.s is bo rn e ou,t by the fact that the Doctor-

population ratio v a r ie s from 1 :2841 Arunachal Pradesh to

1*8283 in Assam. In 19B0 there were 217 hospitals (as

against 6 596 h o sp ita ls in India) with 15081 beds (as ngainst

46088b beds in Ind ia ) . In 1980 , there were 33 7 Primary

Health Centre fu n c t io n in g in this region while the total

number of sub-ceintres was 1480 .

. Urban ization at a fast pace has been a world

wide phenomenon from which our country has also not re

mained untouched. The s itu tio n in North Blast may not,

however, be fo llo w in g the national pattern in so far as

urbanisation is concerneid. The fo llo w in g ’ ‘ table

indicates the growth of towns from 3 901 to 1^-811

- ^>0 -

Table M o .3 ,1 5

I Narn]:.er of to w n s_________ _____ ____________u t c . t . s / u - j Hwn:T9nTT5|rTi930i'f5iin25AS sam 12 14 22 22 24 2 5 ^ 3 72 81

Manipur 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 10

Meghalaya 1 1 1 2 2 2 6 6 12

Wagaland 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3

Tr ipura + + + -t + 6 6 7

Ar unachal Pradesh

- — — •HI*

■

4 10

Mizoram — - - - - 1 2 6

16 18 26 27 29 30 72 lul 3 49

Source : R e q istra r General of In d ia .

^ F o r one th in g , the .irea is as yet isolc'ited and

have no c it ie s which are reaching breaking p o in t . Further,

due t .; a v a i l a b i l it y of land for e^^p'intîon of urô'a -iraas,

a v a i l a b i l i t y of hou:'3e s ite s is not yet a grave probleiru

liinpJ o'/ment opportunities has also by an large , kept pace

with the gov/iHk ol: urban areac3. However, as yeai's ^jass, the

probi .m of f in d in g a a in fu l employment fOJ a ll the growing

and m igrating pjOpula+:J.on w ill be becoming grav er , p iiticulai ly

in view of the migratj.on from across tiie borders . Iîiirther,

formulation of such an uri)an development plan is .ill tlie

more e ssg n tia l for the Worth East as the e x is t in g arban

areas have only ruedimentary f a c f l l t i e s 'ind tl'ie growtti of

new urban areas has not followed any plan .

Ttie q uality uJ ndm J n is l:i ation makeiS a material

development in the p R )c e3s of adm inistration in the context

of the North-F.ast in a very special manner. Most of the

Morth-Bast has t r a d it io n a lly been governed by local tradi i.

communit ins largely based on tr ib a l or clan str iic tur <s . Such

tr ib a l or clan structures have either eie'-'ted, hereditory

or trad! tIona 11 y appointed author ities performing several

furict.ions, A.1 thoviqh nominally one or anotiier authcnrj ty lil.i

ghiel or Syiem, e t c . iiv-iy claim o v err id in g powers, actually

d if fe r e n t pov /er s and .ujtJicirity are vested in d ifferen t invii-

viduals ot‘ o ff ices and they ns e eexpected to be exercised

according to the well-unde i stood precedents and p ra c t ic e s .

The sysl eni ol accountal;>i.l it y io also t i.adl ti.oucil ly and

often d irectly exerci,sed tlirouqh the rt lationshi]) between

the c(.)mrnani.ty and tl\e oti ice iioldeis , ■-•functions .^qalnBt

jbuse oi such duthorities are a lso thrcugh tracUlinnal

forms oi cn'aded p enalties in cash or in kind . Insi>il e oi

various oti:a-i ^-rnun !:s de::ir- 'b:.'d iu -iinq pa a-

axaphS / t le traditional a utliorii ies and thei i i siation-

s h i p with cointnunit y at* a ' .-Fnoie and i t s in ii idua.l itienit'eis

conl inue , Lo he po.werful In day^-i^'-day l i f e .

3 9 , In this scenai io tlie thiusi for democratic in -ti-

tut,ion as understood by modern adm inistration has made for

new changes. F ir s i iy the in s t it u t io n of c h ie fsh ip and sim ilar

of 1:ices has been sought to be aboiishefl or Hllm inated . In

some parts like Mizoram, l iK e p rincely p r i n c ip a l it ie s eise-

V7here, chief ship has been aboJ.ished under ie^gislation and

compensation has bec?n given on the lines of zam indaii

fibolition« In some other parts iS in Khasi H i l l s , the Ctiiefs

have bef-n made appointees oi the* U is t r ic t Councils and

tht.ir status has been redaced to that ol oi tic».rs Serving

as such , V'ivei:yv/here there is a strong tlvrust for ove'^rtiding

autht;rity being vested in bodies l ike Jtate Legis lat ui; e or

D i s t r i c t Councils elect.^d on the b asis of adult franch ise

of tr ib a ls in the area and the t r a d it io n a l authorities of

the v il lag e are coming to a lc?vel l^eing made subordinate

to the authority of such e lected bodies at the Statt or

D i s t r i c t levele There is ofcourse the question of the

e lected bodies at the D is t r ic t level having to work out

tlie problems of exerc is in g th e ir authority vis-a-vis that

of the elected aathxorities at the D i s t r i c t Council level

vrhere the oixth ochedule of the co nstitutio n operates or

where analogous statutory provisions have been made where

the oixth bchedul does not s t r ic t ly operate .

40 , In p ractice i t iias bee;n exptrienced on the ground

at the- v il la g e or community levelc.that the elected autho

r it ie s at. the D istr ic ’t or State level have e ither to come

to terms with the tra d it io n a l a uth o rities of the v il la g e

or community level by accepting their aathority and mode of

fu nc t io n in g or by g iv ing them o f f i c i a l status by recognising

them or by e f fe c t iv e ly i n f i l t r a t i n g them by making appoint

ments of persons who are in jji^'-ictice reguired to carry out

the wishes of the e lected authorities at the State or

the D is t r ic t level . V^herever these problems have not

been resolved v il la g e communities f in d themselves to be

d iv ided in respect of. loyally as w ell as obedience .

Sometimes it Is found that tlie otate or uisriict . Council

auth crities make appointments on t h e ir own of function-

arles at the v il la g e or community level and actually

there are caserj in which such functionaries act pai-allel

to the customary auth o r it ie s at the v il la g e or community

l e v e l .

41 . In this process many measures which have important

development import are found to have s u f fe r e d . Such mea-

suT'es include rights in land, righi.s cf c u lt iv a t io n ,

righto oi drawing water , right^tof exp lo itin g forest

wealth and as in the case ot coal lêaring areas of Khasi

H i l l s and J a in t ia H I I lS, rights of mineral e xp lo ita tio n .

In the many cases of fo rest or mining^ tjoordi nat ed action

by viay oi le g is la t io n at the S late or the D istrict level

is c a lle d for* The o ld trib 'il rights vesteî in the comm

unity to taKe the wealth of the forest or i-ine was conceived

in the context o± perso n al use and d id not envisage exploita-

tjon of such V7ealth in la ige g ia n t it io s especi.iily forest

wealth for export out of the area . V/it.h increasing networK

of rights and p e n e t r a t i o n of i-c-t ii lusj interior much

oi t h is .w e a lt h has now assumed a high markelabie value and

the trad itio n a l mor es of e x p l oitat lr)n of such wealth for

lim ited fam ily use have lost their relevance . Instead ,

there is an in creasin g thrust: from the transportation and

c*i infract ing in te ie sts for taking such wealtii out of th«

areas without due regard to their re-generation or without

establishment of any d e f in it e propertion of the wealth

explo ited and t.he wealt-h to be re—generated in a particular

time fram e. The customary authorities vested with the "t r u st "

of presejrving conraiuiity wetilth and u t i l i s i n g i.t for the

purpose ot community often f in d that they are disposing

of such wealth at seemingly reasr-nable return imt f a i l tc;

l eîl ize t iiat they are squaiidei ing away the social capital

with c 'eir-(1nty o t D'nxriug lu'tliing for future gent;ration.

- 5 3 -

. , S ^ -

42 . Another dimension ot th is proV,>lern is the increcislnq

tendenc'./ for de-.dsion maKJnti to 1'G c e n t ra l is e d , ^4uch ol the

dbucit of inakiijg di;:;posinc; of cornmun i ty v;ea ltli

can taR checked i f such dec iBion were made at the v il la q e

ipvpi nnder the direc^t scrutiny of coinmunity, public opinion

overseeinq the operations ot ûcli d e c is io n s . It i s , in

p ra ctice , much easier t;o catnouilaqe the at>uwe and the

corrapjtion and the sc(uandr-ring away oi social wealth involved

In v^rong decisions of this nature, if 3uc;h decisions couJd

be taken away from the State or D is t r ic t headqviar'ters in

the secrecy of the o f f ic e work centred there . Bevsides this

fa cto r , uniform le g is la t io n to be operated upon by a

lim ited numbtvr of technical per:ônnel .also helps th:^ pi’ocess

of c e n tra lisat io n of d ecisio n making at ttie S tate or District

l e v e ls . On many subjects which wert; adrriinistered lo c a lly

by customriry auth()rities accoJ ding t(> ti adi ti.ons and cust oms

evolved over a pei ic^d of time le g is la t io n has been enacted

and aecoidin.il'v adnviivi-Stration therev'l is done tbrough

o f l i c i a l s appointed at State le v e l . These o i i i c i a l s are

tra n s fe r a b le . Their adm in istratio n is supervised cen tra lly

at State level or d i s t i i c t l e v e l . The autcmomy at the

v i l la g e level becomes a cas\ i l it y .

43 . TViere is no doubt that the process of develcpment

In^Tôlving use of large funds has made for a class of people

having r e la t iv e ly better access to education and jobs in

government with the added advantage of fa m il ia r is a t io n of

government procedures to concent,i ate the b e n e f i t s of ^leve-

lopment in their hands and their group in t e r e s t . The limited

numtêr of well-to-do t r ib a l fam ilies b in d themselves in the

development process and occupy }:>ositions of r e s p o n s ib il it y

trust and power in qovernment echelons of service,, h number

of this group ol }:>eople become more powerful r e la t iv e to

their community lejaders and p o l i t i c ia n s e ither at the

v il la g e or D is t r ic t or State le v e ls . They have the advantage

of contirrulty, s t a b i l i t y , security and lenqth of tenu.re.

In many States and LITs the local adndnistratJ on is much

more powerful than the p o l i t i c a l "master's" under whom th r ’

are supposed to work. The trac^ltion of , m partiality which

govern the structures of public service elsewhere

are found to work in the North East to much more

l im ited extent , With in d iv id u a l ej<ceptions apart,

too much power to high authority a v a i la b le at too

early a stage without adequate preparation of t r a i n

ing or opportunity of developing the ethos or tradition

of p')ublic service have made foi the structures of the

tribal areas to be both powerful and irrespo n s ib le ,

tn this context, a process of rapid development

involving eBlaborate programmes in s p e c ia l f ie lds

creates in e v it ab ly the s itu at io n where more attention

is given to limited present scope of such r e s p o n s i b i l i t y .

Most of the proqrammes of development which wilJ make

a d i f fe r e n c e in the quality of l i f e in the North Ka^t

relate to a g r ic u ltu r e , hort iculture , animal liusbandry,

health and puiblic health , s an itat io n and water supply,

preservation of t r i b a l culture and food f^i-'oduction.

Such progrrinroes involve committeri adminiatration witV\

strong trad it io n of p u b l ic service , adequate fa m il ia

r is a t io n with modern technology, a high degree of

o r ie n tat io n for e f f ic ie n c y and consideraljle t.radltion

of p ar t ic ip at io n with A/lllaqe communit,y l i f e . Unless

such an adm inistration is a va ilab le , the plans drawn

up would not be Implemented.

44 , Fresh tliought has to be given to metlicd of

recruitment, term^ and conditions of service , better

tra in in g and securing or ientation towards community

l i f e in t.he i\forlh E a s t , A study for this purpose can

be made by employing the expertise of tlie bodies like

Indian Instit.ute of Pub lic Admini s1:ration, Indian

Instii :ute of Managements, Adm inistrative St;aff College ,

Hyderabad, T r ib a l I n s t i t u t e , etc , Spec ia l personnel

policy for the N(5rth~E ist has t.o be devised .

45 . In ev itab ly for a ronsiderabJe period , the North

fiiast w i l l have to be ser.ved by experts and a^lministratiors

from outside^. Already induction o f ” outsiders 'Ms found

to create nome problems. Witliout a permanent stake In

the area, .'iuch “o u t s i d e r " , ruimi.nistrators and expert

M n d d i f f i c u l t y in the ir work and also develop purely

:- 55- :

-

t ran.;'!tc ry appi- -icli keeping an eye ciet cut ot the

Moi th . ^cine Incentivea In t h e Mori h F4a;?t liave

bet.n Gl j-ererl, l- jt In ixr ce< thtvy .:ir. c > not. sii:' { ir.’ i.ent, Ly

1 lit:." .an,d in o> election m., cl: oi t.iu- Inipoict h.'tS tc>'ind t.o

h ave f rus I rated because the govtjrnrif.-nt gives w i t l i

cnp hand -ind t akeja awa'i with the •; ttioi . It is 1 l le tliat

nicao inceiiti\’e.s toi: Jeivj.ce in tlia Worth t.a d: w i l l not

cr:eai.G tho required ctiange. V/liat 1 w a n t e c j \3 a rnaterla.l

ctiange which 'vilJ en, d i e ' a d m i n i s t:.r atcrs aii-.l expei'l:s tc..

cciTie and neive in tlie t t i hast ct.t i ied witli a f e e l in g

that service In the d( rth East is tr. t'e conaidered

neceaaai 7 as a ir,crtt;ei. ot: nationai cc.mmitrrient ioi its

development atid that eve^ry expert or admj n istrater mast

consider it t>. t'e ci pari of liis ê-rvice career to spend

a peric'd of servjce in the North Eiast. a measure of

psyctjoioqical de.dication and commitmetit are necessary

LI the human impact, of administration on developmental

process is to be br'O’iqht about in a ivorthwhile manner.

46 . Tt a<Jitional 1 V v;omen and childr en in ttie Nor tti

Eaiit I'ear a latf e brunt ot load of work. Most of the

v/orK is t c be carr ied out in the fo r e st and in the

f ie ld and in the access tc water snp*ply* Trad it ion of

tr iba l way of l i f e has made for men having lesser

res ! >onsil)i .1 ity t.>.cept seasonally dur ing agricult uiâ 1 operations or for the pûrpose of food gathering in

the forest or in hunting operations . The normal Îruei-

gery of c u lt i v a t io n , harvesting of grain and storing

lias f a l le n on ttie stioulder of women supplemented

labour .scarce tr itâl economies. Jt can l-e safely said

that men feast l.-ut women labour . In svich a s ituat io n

in which al'out ( 0 to 7U% of the work lo.id fall^^ on the

woman and cliildien, the problem of their h e a lt h ,t h e ir

niitx it it^n > tlieAr diseases .ind theii' treatment become

more relevant:. A l.-O improvement ot teohn<: logv ar:CeSr':

tc- education and /.no'vledge invoi-'es sp.ecially challang-

ing pj ol^lems, ^ sinali improvemient In technology or

i.mpLOvement in l-i.oalth oi aucf') groups as wtjiiiert and dill-

dj en T.70uld add ir-ucli loore than proportionately , perhaps

dramat ion i] y, t' the generation of a ja .it social structure

i n t he N o r t h Easf- .ern t r i b f l j conimunit i e s , Programnies f o r

t l i i a p u r p o a e , t f i e r B f o r e , u h i c h are s i m p l e i n n a t u r e hut

i m p o r t a n t i n B f f ' e c t u/oii ld hR v e r y r r l o v a n t f o r c l ewal op-

me n t a l s t r a t e g y i n t h e N o r t h East*

I n v e s t m e n t S t r a t e g y f o r C e r t a i n Cor e S e c t o i s ;

47, f o r h i s t o r i c a l r e a s o n s , u n t i l a l i t t l e b e f o r o t he

arh/tint o f the B r i t i s h , t h e N o r t h E a s t had r e ma i n e d a c l o s e d

book i n r e g a r d to a c c e s s i b i l i t y to t h e r e s t of' I n d i a . Host

o f t he dev/elopment had t a k e n p l a c e a l o n g u i t h r i v/er i ne m u t e s

as t he c l i m a t e and t h e t e r r a i n made movement a c r o s s t h e c o u n

t r y d i f f i c u l t f o r most o f t h e y e a r . The B r i t i s h dev/eloped

a l i mi t . e d amount o f 1 n f r a n t r u c t u r e , l a r g e l y c e n t r e d ar oun d

t he r e g u i r e m e n t s f o r t rp^nspo r t a t i o n o f t ea a fid c o a l and

l a t e r j u t e and o i l , Huc h o f t he N o r t h East uas k ept i n a c c e s s —

i b l e to o u t s i d e r s as an a r t o f d e - l i b r a t e p o l i c y . P r i o r

r e g u l a t i o n o f e n t t y u n d e r t h e I n n e r L i n e p e r m i t Sy st em anii

s e t i , l e me n t o f l a n d u a s f o r b i d d e n t o n o n - t r i b a J s i n mriny p a r t s

o f t h e F a B t . I ^ost n f t ho i n f r a s t r u c t u r n I dev/elopment

o f r o a d s n o r n mu n i n a t i o n s , h e a l t h and p u b l i c h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n

e t c uas t a ke n up by t h e Go v e r n me n t o n l y a f t e r 1947 uhen t he

c o u n t r y became i n d e p e n d e n t . I n t h i s b a c k g r o u n d , p e o p l e and

a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s i n t h e N o r t h Fas t have l a b o u r e d u n d e r a l ong

s t a n d i n g g r i e v a n c e o f h i s t o r i c a l n e g l e c t o f d e v e l o p me n t and

e x p e r i e n c e d g r e a t d i s p a r i t i e s i n l e v e l s o f d e v e l o p m e n t , due

to r e l a t i v e l y s p a r s e p o p u l a t i o n . T h i s d i s p a r i t y i s l e f l e c t e d

not so much, i n per c a p i t a norms of i ncome o r economi f ; d e p r i

v a t i o n , as i n c o m p a r a t i v e l a c k o f da vel j (imcin t oT i n f r a e t r i i ct ui €

and o r g a n i s e d f a c i l i t i e s i n t h e domai n o f h e a l t h , p u b l i c

h e a l t h , d r i n k i n g y a t e r s u p p l y , e d u c a t i o n , e t c . I t i s ,

t h e r e f o r e , n e n e s s a i ’y t h a t an atteni f i t s h o u l d be. made to

e v o l v e a s t r a t e g y f o r ti ie d e v e l o p me n t o f t l ie N o r t h E a s t , by

a r l o p t i n g pr ogr ammes u h i A h u i l l l e d u c e t h i s d i s p a r i t y u i i h i n

a d e f i n i t e t i me f r ame i n o r d e r to r emove t he sense o f g r i o v —

ances of c o n t i n u i n g n e g l e c t , . I t has been f ound on t h e b a s i s

o f t h i s a p p r o a c h t h a t t h e f o l l o u i n g p r i o r i t i e s st i oul d br*

c o n s i d e r e d . An a t t e m p t ties a l s o been made to p r o j e c t

a f)p ro X i ma t i o n s o f i n v e s t m B n t s r e g u i r e d f o r such p r i o r i t y

p T ' o q r a m m e B , The d e t a i l s ab o ut suc h a p p r n x i ma t i ons and i hi.

b a s i s o f i h e i r e s t i m a t i o n heve been b r o u g h t oui; i n App e n d i x

to t h i s C h a p t e r . I f t he afipi r oac h i s f o un d ari ;epi ,at i l e a

d e t a i l e d f.xert' . isi^ u i 11 l iave t o be made by an o x [ o r l * t body to

f r ame a d e t a i l e d p r o g r a mme s .

- 57 r

A, P o l i c y Par f i j odqr r i i n pro duel i n n i n ttie N o r t h E r i i

s h o u l d bFi aime^d at r e n d n r l n q t h e r e q i o n ns a u h o l G s r d f

a u f f i c i e n t nnd a l s n a rpasanatal e J o u a l o f p r o d u r : t l n n i n eauh

u nM, . T h i s i,s rr- .quire>d nni. o n l y i o uuf tht^ f a c t o r a d u a n -

t ages n f f ' B r t i l i t y n f a n i l , a s ‘sure'd r a i n f a l l and p o t r n t i n J

Tc'r I n r r r - a s e d p r o d u c t i n n bui; a l s o to r e d u c e t h t b u r d f n on

tt.o hi a n s p o r t f i t loti ay stum u h i c h i s a l r e a d y sjBjy s t r a i n e d .

IJhet! c o n s i d n r i n q thP a n i u a l c n a t o f t ran spo r t a t ,1 o n n f f n n l i -

n r a l n s f r om el s ar1 ouLi sLihei idias i n p r o d u c t i o n , storaai -^ find t r a n j - h o r t a t i ^ h ,

( l ORRl bl y thfcj flTnqrarnnie o f l o c a l p r o d u c t i o n o f ^J oodqr ai ns m ly

tie f o un d to ho on ec;onomlf; p r o p o s i t i o n . I t fias hi-'an s t 1 matod

t h a t HUHr aqe c net o f t r ansno r t a t i ofi and s u b s i d y on f o o d g r a i n s

si jpfi l 1E-d t h r o u q h PDS syshr m i s r o u q h l y i s R' .HOd pt>r tonnt!

and a c c o u n t s f o j B' .BG f r f i r c s a n n u a i l y . Added to t h i s art^

uhf; rf -qi i i rHmrn t s o f m i l i t . a r y and por a m i l i t a r y f n r c o s and

a d r t i t i o n a l s a f c i . y i n a w o i d i n q t r a n s p o r t a t i o n of f ood s t u f f

r.hr&iiqh i,hi n a r i o u pasyaf G’ i/i i h t ht- r f j st o f I n d i n L/fiich

t ur i h r r j u s t i f j i s t. ' ikir:q up of t,hr maasi wn proqrnmmc- o f

t ood pr o cUjrt i o n to make thf N o r t h L a s t s e l f s u f f i c i e n t .

T h i s i s not to say t h a t i^erh c o n s t i t u e n t u n ' t shoul r ' aim

at s o l f s u f f i c i e u T c y h p c a u s e the c l i m a t i c and s o i l c h a r a c -

: e ] ' i s t i c s d i f f t ' r cind ady' -ni- .agf' can be i a k t n o f rt. 1 at i ve^ly

sparest l y f . oj ul ; tbri a r e a s to q i o u a n i m a l p r o r ' u c t s , h o r t . i c u l -

b u r a l o r o r i uc t s u h i l e t he more p o p u l a t e d a r e a s o o u l d gr ou

f o o d q r a i n s f o r t h e m s e l v e s and f o r t h e r e s t o f the c o n s t i -

t j e n t u n i t s o f t he N o r t h E a s t . Some p r o j e c t i o n s hav/e been

made r e g a r d i n g i n v e s t m e n t s r e c ) u i r e d f o r such a Droqrammp,

U h i l e f unds u o u l d b( p r o v i d e d u n d r r t h t B t a t e PI : n on i n

1 he f U n t r a l S e c t o r P l a n a c c o r d i n g to t h e n a t u r e n f t h t

scheme, i t has been e s t i m a t e d t h a t a sum o f R- , 4 ^ 2 , 0 0

cr or f i s u o u l d be r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s p u r p o s e ,

B, P r i m a r y e d u c a t i o n i s a n o t h e r p r i o r i t y programme

f o r t h e N o r t h F a s t , i n i ho l onq r u n , no p o l i c y o f do\/ul op-

moot can he put t h r o u q h u i t h o u t l o c a . l l y a v a i l a b l e manpoui^r .

Mo pro q ram me f o r manpower b u i ] d i nq can be succesi .^f u l l y

u n r k e d o u t u i t h o u t a s t r o n o and b r o a d - b a s e n f p r i m a r y

e d u c o t i o n . As t he t e r r a i n o f t h e N o r t h F a s t has u i d e d i s

p a r i t y and as many c o n s t i t u e n t unite-, hr-ve s p a r s e pnpu.l a 1 u n «

- 58 -

reaching of the f a c i l i t i e s for primary education wiiJ. re

quire adoption of new technoloqies of tele-cornrnunications ,

P.TOvisi n of adeQuately trained teachers and lo cally a ')p-~

ropriate school b u i ld in g s w i l l also need to be carefully

oonsidered . It has been estimated that for this sector

ot primary and middle education upto the age of 1 1 yeaj.

fund of the order of R s . 2 5 0 . 0 0 crores w i l l oe required .

C. Another p r io r it y programme is of rural health .

Due to the wide spread of diseases l ike malaria and other

vjaier borne d iseases , the level of health and health edu

cation in the North East has become an imjx)r1 ant area for

improvement. Low levels of income earning potential oi

labourers has given r i s e to a considerable handicap in

making them reasonably prosperous . In an area in which pop

J afion is sparse , labouti is scarce and has to be intensiv

u t i lL se d g a in fu l ly and its income earning potential has i

be f u i l y u t i l i s e d . The extent to which disease and a d d i c t ’

to drugs render it lesf^ productive, to that extent its jo

t e n t ia l for income generation is avoidably eroded. Accr)rri

to the norms adopted by the Govt of Endia for es tab J ish .n

sub-centre and primary health centres , the d is p ar ity ir

North Ee'it requires to be removed arid an estimated amo . 't

of R s . l i 2 . U U crores is requ ired .

D . Another p r i o r i t y programme is roads . Wliile some

network of national and other roads has been brought al < _-u

considerable work for providing access to very large arc

remains . In order to reach All India norms of 4B kms of ro.- ;

per 100 sq.kms ot area , R s . 2 6 6 2 . 0 0 crores are required for

this purtjose. Arunachal Pradesh w i l l , however, not be able

to come up with this all Indja standard during the Seventh

Plan as the gap is too b ig to be covered in one plan period.

E . D r ink ing water supply requirement is another

p r io r it y programme. To enable the v i l lag e s to have drinl.i;'^

water supply, an estimated amount of R s . 4 8 i , 0 0 ciores wou 1

be required .

F . Depletion and degradation of tore^c r e s o i r r c e , i

in the North Cast has taken a heavy t o l l on environment.

;- 5 9 ? -

• 1

conir ibul.ing to climatic ch;inqey and hedvy tloods disrupt.lng

tlie economy ol. sevet cil pldceiy ot the tJoL'i h iiidst, 'I’he North

Blast has alBo become an impor tant timlêr aad luei-wor.id supp .1 y

toi the rest ot the countiiy. This lias caused rapid

destruction ot forust, rHSourcen on a scale ’'^?hich might prove

exttemeiy hazardous unitBSs counter measures ai e taken . If a

pToqramme of such Kind is taken, many measures can be con«

sidered nn the basis oi various approaches, Ttie most conser

vative approach of maKing good o 1 the current depletion of

such resources' alone without going further# nameiy, to

restoie the area already depleted or degraded without going

further for achieving the n.-rms set. up by the <,;ovt of India

for fore.'.^t cove.i, ,1s estimated to cost about P s , 5 9 5 crcires,

G , I'he I'Tesence of railway has been feit oniy in a

few areaF. of the Norf h K ast , Most oi the .tat'es and Union

'Corr itorie.'i dc' not even now have thcîr c:ap i talB connect ed

by railway syitem. Another group of Railway iêforms Commit tee

has rec'O'TirneTidt-d t hat pending conntruct ion c.)f rai Iw a / li nes

tc‘ \''ar.ious palaces in i t'lo: Mo'd h E.ast, which is a capital

intensive and t.i.me consuming pjocess , there '-.iiould tê a

systiem of opening out-agencies Gi.d ■es.sc-ni-ial Tûppiy could

b.j reached through out-agonciet«- “ ' ' - ^

Mat te iescopic rates on the

basis f f opt'r it i.cn'’ organised as i f the railways have already

reached such inter ior p laces . The subsidies in meeting the

d if fe re n c e bel.ween the act.ual cost and ttie telescopic Hreight

assessed from tire ]>oint of or'igin i^ v’cirked out at an e s t i

mated amount of R s .1 5 0 crores for the period of f iv e years ,

H, (.‘on s tr Ui 't i ,m of important railway lines i :

anottier important a c t i v i t / to be seriously expanded during

Vllth P lan . This system should extend t o variour^ otate

capLtal-S foi: some oi whicti sur^rev^s i'tave t:>een c’orrpleted,

c o n s i m o t i o n of certain important works woirhi require an

e s t x m a t o d ainoulit ot Rs.'=)S'2,0O crores. This inve.-;trnont is

lecuired to provide e f fe c t iv e access amo’ig the 3tate/in"s

a n c also to reino'^ê the heavy burden on the h i l l y section

c o n n e w t i ti(/ ra^hcî fA/i Lh t h p Bi. rihmaiui ti a valley .

I . H isto r ic a l ly most ol the fr e ig h t movement has

taken place on the w idely d istr ibuted rAx/erine system of

the North f.ast. Ir. funds could be provided for Keeping

the water courses at reasonable operational levels , s u f f

ic ient advantage can b e taken for freight movement of

comprehensive system. An investment of R s .291 crores has

been estimated by the Report on Study on t r a f f ic potential

and economic l i a b i l i t y on Brahmaputra and is j u s t i f i e d on

the bas is ot socio-economic considerations ,

J . Opening of Post of O f f ic e s In the in te r io r is

another priority programme. It is estimated that 226 post

o ff ices in the h i l l y areas, mostly in Assam, and 5ei:i

post o f f ic e s in other h i l l y and t r ib a l areas would be

required . An estimated amount of R s . 1 9 .00 crcrts would be

r equ iied .

K, One ot the most e f fe c t iv e means of removing the

sense of being d istant is the establishment of e f fect iv e

tele-communications in the North East with modern technoloay

ava ilab le from the s a t e l l i t e etc . It shouJd be possible to

establish such e f f e c t i v e range of services in order to

connect State headquarters with D e lh i and Calcutta and dis-

tric HQs witti State H U s . To implement the objective envisages

lor the t e l e — c o m i n u n;i cati/^ns networ} in the North East , an

estirricitnd amount of R s . 3 3 6 crores /ji J 1 be required (iuiing

the 7th Plan period oat of which around I<s,114 crores would

be spent- on " l o s s y ” schemes which can not be undertaken in

the normal course of teie-communications network expansion.

48. To sum up tlie scale of investments considered

essential for p r io r it y sectors ot ioodr health , roads,

educatjon U fjtr j nkinq water supply weuild vrjrk out to R s .

4^64 crores . It has been found froii' t;he experience of the

6 th Plan that these sectors account lor 4D 'o of the total

funcJ provided In the S tate Plans ir: tlie North li'ast . On

this basis i f s im ilar qri.^wtli is assumed in remaining

Sfoturn a M o the total amount tec)ulreci lor' the State Plans

would work out to be of the order of Rs>llll(i croi'es. In

tlie f -I in ‘ i>i I i c; i , >11 ft.r the eonstitueul units of

- ^ 1 -

~ (o ^

the InJo i th bâsi dccounted 1 oi 5.4-^% o f tlu> t:ota.l p l a n

investment IcJ the b t a te s /J n io n T e r i i t o r ie a sectors .

'I’he proposed I nv tirujn > f li ilO ci ores would work

out to be 1 2 . J 0 % in case of Seventh Plan if sinillar pattern

of flt^w of funds to t^tate/lTT oector is assumed. For the

remaining sectors mentioned iri pievlous f)aras, whicli aie

normaily funded from tiie ( 'entie/ investment require i

works out to RSol38i^ c:ior^\s which is about of the

Lund tor the Central dector in Seventh Plan on the same

assumed pattern . As exy)lained elsewhere, the str-iteqy

for removing d is p a r it ie s and taking care of the minimum

requirements of the di .Ifeient aectcvrs involve the slepp-

inq uj:) of the âopoiti.on of fund for the North East but

the Scale of investment suggested appears to be by anci

lar ge f e a s ib le having regard to the agrji egate J unds for

development in the country.

49 . I f tills scaJe of investment Js taken up and the

provlslc n o(' fund Is mfitched by of. app

ropriate techm do gy for the pro( rammes and adequate

tr a in in g and mctlvation , the result achieved would

be very s ig n i f i c a n t for the d is p a r it ie s in lespect of

the ôrt settlors in the Nort \ East would I' e removed

and the North East would stand at par with the rest

of the country barring /^runachal Pradesh in respect

of ro ad s .

5 0 . The estimated requirements are only of an i n d ic a

t iv e natut'e and for accuracy d e t a i le d exercises would be

required befc're s p e c i f i c proposal s or programmes are

evolved . The basis foi arr iv ing at such estimations Is

given in the Annexirre to this chapter . It is p oss ib le

that the actual reciuirement of fund might be found to

be less it. less costly technology is availaltle. On

the other hand, r i s i n g costs and d i f f i c u l t y of transport ac

t ion in remote areas might need increased cc s t . The

e.dirnated amount only present rough approximations in

respect of the scale of investment that might be

involved and are intended only to provide a focus

for consideration of the problem.

GenGi -a i S t r a t o ny J ' 1

6'<. T o c o v e r t h i s l u n g pat t i , pr obl eme of devol npr nent

uf t h e NE R e y i o n s ae g i v e n bfMou need r e c u i g i t i o n :

1) S p a t i a l i s o l a t i o n of t h e Rngi on and d i f f i c u l t

t op on r afihi ca 1 f a c t o r s .

2 ) I n f l u x uf p o p u l a k i c f i f rom n e i g h b o u r i n g r i ma s

ar ea t i nt ) d e m o g r a p h i c p r e s s u r e and t e n s i o n s .

3 } L a r g e sca l e p r e u a l e f i c e of J humming on h i l l

s l o p e s and p r i m i t i v e method of c u l t i v a t i o n

g i v i n g r i e w t o d u a l i s m i n a g r i c u l t u r e ( s e t t i e d

and s h a f t i n g ) , a r r e s t s t he a g r i c u l t u r a l dov i . -

l o p m e n t , E c o l o g i c a l d e v a s t a t i o n a r i s i n g out of

’ s l a s h and b u r n ' t e c h n i g u e s of c u l t i v a t i o n i s

a ma j o r p r o b l e m m o s t l y f o r t h ( / ^ h i l l y s t o t p s .

4 ) A s u b s t a n t i a l p a r t of the raUJ m a t e r i a l sent out

o f t h e r e g i o n wh i c h t e n d s t o keep i t s Bcnnnmy

b a c k u a r d , i n s p i t e of t he r e g i o n b' ^i ng one of

t he r r i c h a r e a s i n t h e u h o l e of t he c o u n t r y .

G) D e s p i t e p o t e n t i a l of r e s o u r c e s and r e l a

t i v e l y b e t t e r p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a t e s and t he q u a l i t y

o f human f a c t o r , t h e d e v e l o p me n t of t he r e g i o n

i s a r r e s t e d l a r g e l y due t o l i m i t e d ma r k e t , l a c k

of easy m o b i l i t y of l a b o u r , r a u m a t e r i a l s and

o u t p u t ,

b ) I n a d e q u a t e t r a n s p o r t f a c i J i t i e a and a v a i l . a b i

l i t y of po ue r i * d i f f e r e n t p a r t of t h e r e g i o n .

I h e s e p r o b l e ms c a l l f o r a d o p t i n g more s | e u i f i c l

s t r a t e g i e s f o r d o v e l o(jnierit of tfie n o r t h - e a s t r e oi o f ) s u i t i n g

t o i t s u n i q u e c h a r a c t e r . The s t r a t e g y f o r ttie r* g i o n s h o u l d

a t t e m p t af b r i n g i n g more and more p e o p l e and r e s o u r c e s ijt

l o c a l l e v e l I n t o p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s u h i i h u p g r a d e b h e i r s k i l l - ?

l a i s e p r o d u c t i o n and i n c ome . T h i s p r o c e s s I n v o l v e s f o r m u l a

t i o n of a p l a n n i n g modGl i n ti»e f r ame wor k of mu J t i - d i s t . i -

p i i n a r y and m u l t i a e c t o r o l a p p r o a c h w l u c h l a n make u n i t s

f u r i c t l o n i n g at d i f f e r e n t l e v e l oper al . i v f - i n c o o r d i n a t f - d

' .:;h ■-

maniiet . In auch a modnl l lxing up of trandpoi t,

marKet: (of Iniiut and outynit) f in ance and manpower

play a major role in making the process cf succesa

^3 . The reqiunal planning model should also

be leased on integration of riecentralised riysteiiis.

l 'hei e slio ild be gj eat ei decent l ai isat,i on oi ec(ino-

mic p(~iwei to lr)v/er level of development, adminis--

t ration with a view to incoi potato local char=icter-

istlati in the [.)i ogranimes. Tliiis will make rm imme

diate impact on the Si clo-economi(’ l i f e of tlie

p e o p l e ,

b4 . BVnmuLation o1 such d rrglc nal plan w ill

need evaluation ol resouices p otentia l ot eacli

di.sti ldt I'ielc^re nuggest.ijig a d e i i n i t e |)rogrammes .

Howevet', d eta iled strategies for in d iv id u a l

sector,^', would have to be prepared undej the follow

ing broad measures?

(a) In many sparsely' pop'ulated areas l ike

Arunachal Piadesh and Mizoram and

Nagaland v;here food availal ' i l ity of

people have a large meat content, we

may have animal husbandry programme:-

with posture and fodder development

as priniary me.-!sure of fooci supply and

ag r icultu re and hort icu lture mlglit

h-\ve to take up' a supplemf-irtary' role .

(b) T r iba l l i f e depends on jhum which is

gradually becoming more and more

d i f J ic u lt to susta in . D im inishing

returns from Jhuni c u lt i v a t io n is

forcing many ihumlas to work as a g r i

cultural labour ei'S In comparatively

better o f f valley land . Thms develop

ment of S ettled ag ricultu re in valley

landr supplemented by anlinai husbandry,

horticulture and f i s h e r i e s act iv it ie s

for generating employrrient for jhumia

families and rural household as well

as aiming at self s u f f i c i e n c y in food

grain and attainnient of n u t r it io n a l

requirement may be taken up on the pattern

of watershed management p r o je c t s . Progra

mmes on the pattearrjof Command Areas

Development could be developed foi such

valley lands.

(c) A massive programnie of a f f o r e s t a t i o n is

necessary not only for pi 'ovidinq depend

able wage employment and development of

v i l l a g e forests but a lso for preservation

of environment, vegetation cover and

maintenance of ecologica L ba lance ,

(d) Rapid model nisal ion of agricAilt’iii e and its

commercialisation in the valley lands

which w i l l lead to absc-rpt.ion of a much

larger numl^er of people in agricultural

act iv it ie s aii i enable di ver.s if ication of

traditional a gricultural economy.

(e) Development of agro and forest based indus

tries in medium and small towns as also in

the rural areas on the fr inges oi. fc^rests

and in areas where a p a r t ic u la r f r u j t /

commercial crop is grown in a concentrated

manner.

(f) Irr iaat ion in terms of potential to be

exploited has a major r o l e . It has a strong

potential for r a is in g food production , but

it generally is very demanding in labour inputs .

It also r??q\ilrQS s K i l l e d ^ trainedi agtlciiitural

^ C)

p i a c t i c G S ^ For thc^SH r t a s o n s i t has to be

s t U H c t i u b i y t y k e n up i n ;.-.rbas i i ht r B l a b o u r

auai l a b i l i t y rififJ t r a i n i n y i n s g r i c u l t i ua 1

p r a c t i c e s i ; r eo t e f a w o u r o b l o atmoaphartJ

f o r i t s BLiccf-ss.

( g ) Ls bci hl i shiTiBnt of' rnin .1- q r o u i t h ctnl . r e s fox pi o -

w i d i n q asBl at anr . G and i n f r a s t u r a l f a c i l i t i e s

f o r dRvf; lopme n t of a g r i c u l h u r B l / i n d u : , : . t r i a l

basy i n the; r B y i o n . A prciqrammf; f o r l o u e j

r n I rf' fi rf no u r n h i p u i . l l a l s o he p n r t of Ruch

c e n t r L ' s , I n r u r a l ar f ; as thp. c e n t r e s h o u l d bf

p l a n n e d f o r ( i ) dcvycl opment of ani .maj hus b an

d r y ( i i ) h o r t i c u l t u r a l and p l a n t p r o t e c t i o nG

d/v/icfj ( i i i ) ft r I . i l i z < r s and ot t i er i n p u t s

( i w ) c r e d . i t f a c i l i t i G s (v/) mar ket f a c i l i t y i e a

( v i ) p u i c f i a a e , h i r i n g and r e p a i r cif a q r i c u l -

t u r a l i mp. l ements ( v i i ) t r a i n i n g ( \ ' i i ) d e v e l o p -

ment o f h t i n d l c r a f t . C e n t r e s i n U i b a n ar eas

may be p l a n n e d s i m i l a r l y t o f i ewelop s ma l l

s c a l e i n d L s t r i f s ,

( h ) D e v e l o p me n t of f e e d e r r o ad c o n n e c t i n g r emot e

v / i l l a g B s f o r b r i n g i n g ec onomi c i n t e g r a t i o n and

prov/. i di ng Tiovement of i n p j t s * f e e d e r roai is

must go t t i r ough t he v a l l e y s u h i c h a r e t he most

p o t e n t i a l a r e a s r e t h e r t i ian j u s t c o n n e c t

o d m i n i s t r a t i u e c e r i t r e s l o c a t e d a t h i J l t o p s ,

55" A c t i o n on abov/e me n t i o n e d prngiainnies u i l l lia\/e

t o be t a k e n at d i s t r i c t lev/el t o b r i n g a b o u t dr c e n t r a l i s a

t i o n i n p l a n n i n g p r o c e s s . Houj ever , p l a n n i n g f o r ma j o r . jnd

medium p r o j e c t s f n r i r r i q a t l o n , p o ue r g e n e r a l , i r n , i n d u s t r i e s

r'nd t r a n s p o r t n e t w o r k at c e n t r a 1 / 5 b a t e / r e q i ona 1 le v e l uoul f i

be n e c e s s a r y . K e e p i n g i n wi eu tfie c u r r t ^ nt s t a t u s , r e g i o n a l

r e s o u r c e s and above g u i d e l i n e s s p e c i f i c s t r a t e g i e s f o r

i n d i v i d u a l s e c t o r s a r e o u t l i n e s i n ckapCu> 'V .

F I R S T l \ P P H D X i m r F N. E . . HEGICjN uTf\IT(-r PIAN

F i n a n c i a l r er |ui r ement f o r a l l p r i o r i t y s e c t o r s

can be d e t e r m i n e d by p r e p a r i n g and s o l v i n g a q u o n t i t at i v/e

i n t e r s e c t o r a l , i n h e r t e m p o r a l model u h i c h can t r e a t bot h

s u p p l y and demand and t h e i r i n t e r a c t i o n s be t u e e n s n c t o r s

and t i m e . Such a model meeds a l a r g e amount of da t a on

r e e o u r c e p o t e n t i a l , p r o p e n a i t y t o consume, c a p a c i t y U i t l l l -

s a t i o n f a c t o r and i n c r e m e n t a l c a p i t a l - v a l u e added r a t i o n

f o r u o r k i n g out t he e f f e c t i v e s u p p l y s e c t o r v i s ~a~ \ / i s r e g i o

n a l demand and s u r p l u s . I n the abs enc e of such a da t a base,

an a t t e m p t t o e s t i m a t e t he t o t a l f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s r e q u i r e d

f o r t h e IMF Reg i on f o r i m p c r t a n t c o r e s e c t o r s v i z . f ood r e -

q u i r e me r i t , r u r a l h e a l t l i , e l e m e n t a r y e d u c a t i o n s , u a t e r s u p p l y ,

r o a d s , i n l a n d - u a t e r t r a n s p o r t , r a i l u a y s ^ p o s t a l s e r v i c e s

and c o mmu n i c a t i o n has been a t t e m p t e d . . For maki ng such e s t i

mat es m a i n l y t u o met hods have been u s e d . I n c as es i.;here

f. omponents of p h y s i c a l t a r g e t s ( e . g . i n case of e d u c a t i c r i

d e t a i l s of a d d i t i o n a l e n r o l e m e n t and r e g u i r e m e n t of t e a c h e r s ,

c l a s s rooms e t c , can be u o r k e d o u t ) a l o n g u i t h per u n i t f.ost

of cof ponent s ar e a v a i l a b l e , a cJi r e c t o at i . empt t o e s t i m a t e

t h e l i n a n c i a l r e q u i r e m e n t has been made. Such an a p pr o ac h

uas p o s s i b l e f o r a l l s e c t o r s e x c e p t f o r f o o d g r a i n s and f o r e s t

In tl ie absenc e of such d a t a , an i n d i r e r ; t e s t i m a t e f or

r e m a i n i n g t u o s e c t o r s have been u o i k e d out on the b a s i s of

” pJ an o u t l a y / o u t p u t ” r n t i o d e r i v e d f r om S i x t h F i v e Year Pl ans

of c o n s t i t u e n t u n i t s . U h i l e o b t a i n i n g t h i s r a t i o a l t h o u g h

i n f o r m a t i o n on p h y s i c a l o u t p u t a c h i e v e d ( a n t i c i p a t e d ) d u i i n g

t he S i x t h Pl an i s a v a i I a t ) l B i n p l a n d o c u m e n t s / A d v i s e r ( S P )

r e p u r t an Annual P l a n d i s c u s s i o n , a n t i c i p a t e d o u t l a y o n l y i s

a v a i l a b l e f o r t o t a l of t he s u b - s e c t o r . Su r h e s t i m a t e , t h u s ,

on one hand may be on h i g h e r s i d e tjEjcause of i n c J . u d i n g t o t d

o u t l a y f o r s u b - s e c t o r s , b u t a l s o , on o t h e r hand may be on

l o u e r s i d e t o o as no e f f u r t s have been made t o a d j u s t t he

p r i c e l e v e l . G b v i o u B l y t he e s t i m a t e s so o b t a i n e d u i l l i n c l u d e

b o t h r e c u r r i n g as y e l l us n o n - r e c u r r i n g c o s t s . 0 base f o r ^

c - 9 t i m£ t i o n of c o s t i s Q^4/en in d i f f e r e n t t a b l e s a t t he m d of

t h i s A n n e X u 1 e ,

Food r ‘t :

On the basis of pe.r capita conBurnptlon norms (NC.ÊR) ,

estimated popu.lation and ant icij-ated product ion (o tate/iJT

annua .1 lUan 19B4-'&5) , ' he region would recjuire to generate

an aciditional capacity of 1705 (000 ) tonnes production of food

grain'" . Taking the 6 th Plan tiay in t'lER Region on Crop

hUHbandiy, ooi.i c> Water c’onservatK n and land retorm per 000

tonnes of additional foodgi'ains produced as the direct cost

and s imilarly out Jay on lrr.iciatio.i and flood control as in

direct cost for production of adtJi.tlonal foridgrainP, the

estimated flnanciaJ resources require.! for creating additional

copacit.y of 1705 ( 0 0 0 ) tonnes have been worked out in two a lter

n a t iv e s , In the f i r s t a lternative each unit, w i l l create capa

city rnquired bv them. A lternative i l assumes that 30 percent

of the btate/JJTs w i l l only be qener.ited in own otate/UTs

where plan out lay (000) tonnes is higher . Rest oC the r erfuire-

ment of the region v/oulci be generated in Assam and to some ,

extent TJ'ipura and Manlyiur' where cost of product ion is lo w e i .

Estimated f in a n c ia l rt^sour'ces for these two alt{-»rnatlves works

out to Rs*352 croces and Rs»441 crores r espect iv ely . Such an

estimate assumes (a) average cost of plan outlay is at m.id"-6th

Plan period prices aird need upward revision and (h) the crop

husbandry and other items which have been taken include

apart from food grains production other a c t iv it ie s l ik e deve

lopment of hort icu lture etc , /alternative II takes into ai’count

advanuageons fp-’tor mrôwments of Howe^êr A lternative 1

has been used for estimation of c'lverall fund requirements,

S ince Assam may f in d it d i f f i c u l t to produce foodgrains for

a tt a in in g self s u f f i c ie n c y for the region in such a short span

of time.

Rural Hea l t h ;

The national health p la i | | ^ v is a g e s a network ol PHC

and subcentfc?^s for v;hole of the country (rural, areas) for meeting

basic health requiriements. Norms for such a setup have been

given a^ one for evey^>i|||0 , 000 population in tr ibal areas

and for every 6 0 ,0 0 0 po(j|ilation in non-tril'âl areas .Similar:!y

one sub-centre for e /e r y '4 00.0 population in tribal areas and

for every 5000 population in non-tribal areas have been proposed.

Taking into account tril)al and non-tribal populatlan and cost of

PHC and sub-centre ar' R s ,1 9 lakhs and R s , 0 , 9 0 lakhs^the total

requirement of resources for the region vôrks out

to R s , 1 3 1 ,0 0 c r o r e s , This does not take

i n t n acuciunt r t q u i r e m e n t f o r h i y h t r l ev/t l h e a l t h r .ei i/i i .BS,

u h i c h has i t s oun p r i o r i i y .

E1 K|iejit a ] c/J t . i P H•

1 hR n' /Riaqe l i i r a c y levyel i n thf.‘ N o r t h E a s t t r n

S t a t e s u i t h t he exc ept i c . n of Aosam and A r u n a c h a l Pr adesh i s

h i g h e r t han t hb n a t i u n a l awi . r aqe. C o n s i d e r i n g t h a t l i t r a c y

i n n i z o r a m i s 5 9 . 5 % , H a n i p u r 4 1 . 9 ^ , T r i p u r a 41.5fo and Naga

l a n d 4 1 . 9 % , a l l abcv/e the N a i i u n a l a u e r a q e , one may tend t o

t h i n k t h a t the progremmb f o r r e m o v a l of i l l i t ] acy may n o t

ap p e a r t o be of h i g h p r i o r i t y or r el ev/ant t o N o r t h E a s t e r n

S t a t e . Such a v i e u , houi ewrr , u o u l d stem from a s s u mp t i o n s

u h i c h may ap p e a r t o be t o r ; s i m p l i s t i c by no t t a k i n g i n t o

a c c o u n t t he q u a l i t y of e d u c c t i o n , t he u a s t a g e and d i s p r o p o r -

t i o n o t e e n t r y i n t o n e x t h i g h e r s t a g e s of e d u c a t i o n . S i m i l a r l y

so f a r as t h e s p r e a d of an e l e m t n t r y e d u c a t i o n i n the age

g r o u p of 6 - 1 4 y t a i s i s c o n a i d e r o d , Hi. S t a t e s / U T s appear s t o

have a c h i e we d t he f^th Pl an o b j e e i i ^ ^ e B f b l 90% foi : e n r o l me n t

i n r e s p F c t of c l a s s f s 1- b and 50^. f o r c l a s s e s b~B. But ,

c o n s i d e r i n g t he u a s t a q e r a t e s p a r t i c u l a r l y i n c l a s s e s 1 - 5 i n

n e g i . a l a y a ( B ' i . 4 % ) A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h H i z o r a m ( 6B. :5%)

and a l l t he ot t i er S t a t e s u h i c h ha we dropp< d out r c t i o s a b o u t

70% a g a i n s t the A l l I n d i a a /erage of 63.6:^’., u t most p r i o r i t y

f o r i mprowi nc) q u a l i t y of t h e programme a r e q u i r e d . The

s c h o o l I n f r a a L r u c t u i e i n m n . t t h . S t a t e s / U T e i s f ound t o .

be J a r g e l y i n - a d e q u a t e . For a c h i e v i n g t h e e n r o l e me n t nor ms .

at r i i g he r l e u e ] and r e d u c i n g d r o p out l a t i o i n p r i m a r y

s - h o o l s ifc u i l l be n t c e s s r r y to c r e a t e a d d i t i o n a l s c h o o l

i n f r a s t r u c t u r i a f a c i i i t i e c and p r o v i s i o n s of t r : xt books e t c .

To a c c e s n the f i n a n c i a l r esf ^ur cee f . j r t h i s a c t i v i t y , c a t i m a t e

of s c h o o l g t i n g p o p u l a t i o n i n t he age g r o u p of 6 t o 1 1 y e e r s

has been unr ked out cn the b a s i s of p r o p o r t i o n c : bt ai ned f rom

1 ' - 'B1 c ensus and e i t i m a t e d p ■ u l a ^ ' i o n i n f u r t t i e r , by

adopl . i ng evf-n e x i a t i n j j , nor ms of u i e n t per te a eher , f . 50, bOO

as c o s t of c o n s t i u c i i e n of une c l a s a rricm ( 3 0 ’ x : n » ) and

Rr,5 U per s t u d e n t aa cobI, of b o o k s , t he t e t i ma t e f i a d d i t i o n a l

r e q u i r r m e n t of f unds u c r k s ut t o R'*25lI er or es- ,

J j et e i ; S u p p l y ;

l s t : i i ndt ed r equ 1 reMiient ef funde f o r p r o v i d i n g uate

- / o ■

s u p p l y hawB bef^n u u r k b d oul hy t h f N l n i s t . r y of' U o r k s Fnd

Hnus.1nQ ao R=?.68- 4 c r n r f s f i iht: dtcfjcle 190'l~199n f u r ttie NE

R r p i o n , C F r i p i n furidq aQ-'în.st t h i s t o t a l r t qui r emt : n t liav/ti

a i i e a d y bnen iiu wai ip.b h d u r i n g t ht S i x t h f i u e Year P l an

and thi - ba l Bn c e / , Ci c r o r e s uouLd tat i t q u l r e d f o r the

Stûenth P l a n . / -^8 ^

F n r e s t C o u e i ;

The r e q u l r e n i t n t of m a i n t a i n i n g f or p. nt cdue'T can be

b r o a d l y d l v i d i i d i n t o t u o groupiî, u l 2 . , t o c o v e r up t he p r e

s e n t labt: of d e p l i t i n n t o m o i n t a i n s trj tui oqu& and r a i s i n g t he

nov/er t o a r h i t u e t h e n r i t i o n a l norms of fiO%, U h i l t i n case

of f i r s t g r o u p , da t a i s r‘\yaj l abl e t o knou t he prt s( nt d e p L c -

t i o n r a t t f rom t he .Summery RB p o i t t i r ouqht out hy f . j r f\IE

[ofi R e q l o n / t h e b a s i s of Sc3 i, e t ^ i t e i m a q B r i e s , The e s t i m a t e d p r r -

a r n t a v t r a g e r a t e o f d e p l e t i o n f o r t he Nf Regi od i e 5q.

Km. pe r yeari. . The' eat i mat er l r e n u i r e m m t of f u n d s f o r t h i s

a c i i v / i t y u o r k s out t c Ps.59b c r o r e s .

i n caae of shcond g r uup ^ t h e MRSA dat e rev/eal s t h a t ,

t he p r e s e n t f o r e s t cov/er i s aheut 48 p e r c t n t In 19H2, R a i s i n g

i . hi s lev/el of f o r e s t c('\yer t o the norms f o r h i J 1 a r e a s tie

60 p i c e n t i s a v/ery a m b i t i o u s prc gramme a c c o u n t i n g f o r

f^; .27U0 e n re* B e f o r e recQmmeni i inq any a c t i o n on t h i s p e r t

j f ti ie programme d e t a i l e d c o n s i d e r a t i o n u o u l d haue t o mu^b.

i n c l u d i n g t he q u e s t i o n of d e r i v i n g same a ppr c fir i a t r norms

f o r Assam u h i c h has a b i g v/ai l ey a r e a s u r r o u n d e d by h i l l s ,

J r a n s p o r t ;

I m p m K a n t .sy;jtHiiiB ol hrau^^por hat.i on i n N o r t h East

a I. e r o a d , r a i l and u a t e r , I hese s y s tf'ms have t,o be v i e u e d

b o t h u i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e i r ad equac y i n l i n k i n g ttie r e g i o n

u i t h r e s h of t he c o u n t r y and o p e n i n g up t he r e g i o n i t s e l f

f o r i n t e r - r e g i o n a l f l o y of t r a f f i c , and goods,* Ljatej t i a n s p o r i

a l s o has some p o t e n t i a l i t i e s - b u t I t s dewel opment I f. c o n s b r a -

i n e d n o t o n l y bec a us e of tfie n a t u r e of tfie r i v e r b u t a l s o

due t o the- p a r t i t i o n of t he c o u n t r y u h i c h not o n l y comes i n

bhe uay of, d e v e l o p i n g i t f u r t h e r . Each syst em i s d i s c u s s e d b e l o u

7 1

IRoa^^s

P.8 rt g o r d s hhP r or " ' ' l a n s p o r t a t i o n systBiTi , t he

dE-^nsity of r o ud s i n t er ms of r oad l e n g t h pt^r sq. km has bt en

i n d i c a t e d Pl . Bbuher B. I t i s , ho u e UB r , emphasi sed t h a t i t i s

n o t o n l y t o achi t t ue s t a t i s t i c a l a v e r e q e s i n t er ms of s u r f a

c e d / u n s u r f a c e d r o a d s . luhat i s more i m p o r t a n t i s u h e t h e r ful l

ttie ma' jor i n d u s t r i a l c ent r f j s and D i s t r i c t s hsvye been conru c- -

t e d by e i t h e r N a t i o n a l nr S t a t e Hi ghui ays of the s t a n d a r d

s p e c i f i c a t i n n s . In o t h e r u o r d s , u h r t h e r t he s e p l o c t s ha we

been b r o u g h t on t he r o a d s g r i d of t he s t a t e and t h e a r e a .

The t o t a l r ood l e n g t h i n t he r e g i o n wor ks out t o

R' - . iaU691 Km. aqf- i inst t he r e q u i r e m e n t of t h e r e q i n n of 124436

Km i f ye adofi t t h e n a t i o n a l awer age cf 4 B . 7 9 km. r o a d per

100 Sq. Km. I t i s p r o p o s e d t h a t t o meet t t i i s b a s i c n e c e s s i -

t i e s i n a l l t he c o n s t i t u e n t u n i t s so t h a t t h e y a l l a c h i e v e

t h i s N a t i o n a l a v e r a g e by t h e end of 7 t h P l a n . The s t a t e of

T l i p u i '8 snd s i e B l r e o d y abow4E t he W a t i o n a l av/erage

and no s e p a r a t e a d d i t i o n i n t h e s e t uo S t a t e s have been p i o -

poeed i n t h i s e x e r c i s e . For A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h , t h e r e q u i r e

ment of a d d i t i o n a l l e n g t h of t h e r o a d s on t lie b a s i s of

N a t i o n a l nuGr age b/orkej out t r ? 7 f/6 n Km u h i c h c a n n o t be a c h i

eved i n one p l a n p e r i o d and t h F r c f o r e , i t has been assumed

t u add 13000 Km. i n the 7 t h P l a n and t he r e m a i n i n g under

t h e 8 t h P l a n . Based on t h i s a p p r o a c h , an o u t l a y (jf fe.2662

c r c r e s u i l l be r e q u i r e d d u r i n g t h e 7 t h Pl an*

^JL luj^ s_

T uo a 6[i6 c t s have bf f i ctDvered u h i l e c o n B i d e r i n g

d e v t l o p m e n t of r a i l w a y s , F i r ; j t l y , t h e L/orking br i i up s e t up

by R a i l u a v Ref or ms Commi t t ee f o r d e v e l o p me n t of NL R . i i l u a y s

i n t h e Nt Reg i on has suggest . ed bpeni ncj of buent y out -

a g e n c i e s i n the r e g i o n . The c o s t , f o r s u b s i d i s i n g t he t o t a l

o p e r a t i o n , has been u o r k e d out by t he Gr oup on the b a s i s of

f l i U - g h t rate.’S of r o a d t i r . n s p c r t o p e r a t o r s , s c h e d u l e d t e l e

s c o p i c f r a i q h t s t r u r t u n of r a l l u a y s and e s t i m a t e d i n u a r d

and o u t u a r d t r a f f i p . S u b s i d y c:ost f o r no v er i f i g t h i s a s p e c t s

uor kB out t o Ks. lhO c r o r e s f o r t h e u l i o l o i i event h P l a n . S e c o n r U y ,

tne U n k i n g G r o u p u o u l o l i k e to g i v e hi gl i p i i o r i t y t o c o n -

- 7 'V

G t r u c t i n n a c i i ' . i l , y i.f i s - i l way i n the r e y i . n i -onsjBt inci of

( s ) Gumpli-.l-.ipn cif on going r i r u j i c i U s k i m a t B d ap-i. l l ouei

cr,8t K 7 2 . 5 o r o r e a ) snd ( b ) uc.iisli u c t i c n of L.:inka biacht . r

nr; r o u t b (rnm|il> l l o n of 4li> of the u o i k i n tho 7th P l a n ) ,

UrradquBcje frc.ln G a u h o t i to Q i b r u c j r i h ( cniiiplf t ion of 50%

UDf k Jn 7 t h p l a n ) and of th< u o r k o r nnet t Hd i. i t h 3 oi;|iqc-pn

P r l d q o U: oi n|i l Bt i . n of t.O pt’i c i . n t u o r k i n 7 t h P l a n ) . Th,

I ' S t i m o t e d rr i|U i .rtnncnt of t he s o t h r t f . u o i k e u o u l d r t q u i r ^

Rs. 4 2 0 c r t r t s i n the 7 t h f l w e y eai p l a n ap thr, t t h o s P

p r t j E ' o t B y h i r h arc: of v i t a l i n t e r e s t to t h r r o q i o n may ho

r o n p l F t f d i n tuc [ l i an p & r l r d . The G u u p u p u J d a l s o r e c o -

inmnn.J f ^ i o l ump e.LUn p r o u i B l a n of te. Ui O c r u r t s f o r t d t i n g

up neu bt.ht.iTiLis.

Thu: i.ho e ^ t i m n t o d t o t n ] l o o u i r e m r n t f o r r i o u i l o p -

ment of r ai l w a y s y a t t m i n the rE.qic n u o u l d amount Ln

R-.7/i2 f;rf,irf s l'D priority prLjf ctb,

lulonu ^

ft t j rvup wa ; e<. t up hy f l i n i a t r y of T r a n r . D o r l and

S h i p p i n a tv. s i u o y t r; f f J o p c t e n t l a l and pc c n o mi c v i a b i l i t y

Df l i v r r s r r v j o G on Brr,hm v ^ u l r a . ^ h ^3 ' . n r k i n o G r c u p wo u l d

l i k ( . tt :.u( p o r t f i n d i n q s ov t h s St u d V Gt- o up end p r c p o s a l

madp f o r F. .?91 c r o r e s i n v F o t m e n t cn d K v r l c p m i n t of l U T i n

the region.

P s iri" '

An Txtra L')eparimf?in La I Bi'anch Poi.t fjfficc is supp-

QSE d tu (.pen in f n( rmal rui.il to scjrwL n pi pul. tiur,

c f 2 , 0 (] n p r n v/ .i d b d t h o i: ( a ) b h p cj l g t f > r 1 t • ; f n i a 11 r t h k p i t.

pused ( f f j c F ^'nd the nearest exii'-irig pest oFiice it n t

l i s s t h p n U i r o t . k i l o m c t o r u a n d ( b ^ t h ' i n c : :nie e x p f ^ c t e a l t u

b n o o n i r o i ' . e d h y t h e p r o i i f ' s o d i f f i i t .1 i e q i i . i i t.Li a i B d S t

: ‘i % ( i f t l i e a n t I o i p n i t d c i ^ s t . I n u l i u i l y o r p i t d n n J n - i n t l y

- , r i b a l a r i - a s i - t l y s t . s t a n d n r d s , a r e r e l a . e d t o ; I b O l ) p t p u i n -

' - . icn and 10% o.f t h e a n t i o i p a t B d c i . s t , c t ht r c o n d i t i o n s

r e m a i n i n g unrl infMi ed. A mi ni mum of t i io t x t r a D e o n r t m u n t a .1

Aatni . 3 u a u l d bi noBried t o man an t > t r & D e p a r t m e n t a l Brai ch

7 3 -

Pas t i n sE-evcral c a s L s , t h r b G u c u l d be: r e q u i r e d . A,t

p r e s e n t BP.ch t x t r r i D e p a r t m e n t a l Ag e n t ( Br anc i i Pr.st~f' '1aster,

D e l i w e r y Agent ond h a i l C a r r i e r ) i s p a i d a mi ni mum of

f ( %175. nn per mensem. The o u s t of t he mnnpr.uer a l o n e y o u l d

t hus come t o f c . 35Q, 0n P . H. nr i n cfiae t hr ee tDAs ar e

e mpl oy ed t o Rs, 5?5, no per month per p o s t o f f i c e . F u r t h e r ,

each p o s t o f f i c e i s g r a n t e d c h a r g e s at f i x e d r a t e s u h i o h

u o r k out t o nt ^ ar l y Ks, 26, 00 per mo n t h , y h u s , one E.xtro

De pa I ' t ment al B r a n c h p e s t o f l i c e i i o u l d c o s t a pprc xi ma t e l y

R- ,551 per mont h. The t o t a l c o s t of openi ng of 6 , 0 3 9 p o s t

o f f l c i - s i n t he r e g i o n u o u l d p o r k o ut t o r o u g h l y 22, 70, 664 , 00

per mcntt i . As i . i gai nst t h i s i r r e d u c i b l e o x f i e n d i t u r e , i t u o u l d

n a t u r a l l y be cxf ^ected t h a t 2 2 B p o s t o f f i c e s i n n o r ma l r u r a l

a r e a s ( a l most uhoJ - l y i n Assam) and 5811 p o s t o f f i c e s i n

h i l l y / t r i b a l a r o a s ( m o s t l y i n ttie r em?i i ni nq S t a t r s / O f a

(sxpi c t T r i p u r a ) s h o u l d I 'ol I t i c t i Vfc=l y g e n e r a t e an i ncome of

Hs. 21, 4jj2 . 00 c.nd R , ? 1 P , 9 9 3 . 6 0 ppr mc.nth, r E - i p c c t i v y e l y ♦ Tfie

nt: u Cl 3 t f o r npt n i n n 607/9 pr , st o f f i c e s on t h i s b a s i s u o r k s

cut t o Rs, 19 c r c i F B .

Sl)MM-\RY OF FUHD---•■ - - 'ribiVbXOPMi'.NT

L , on^,l^ P Lm HE Region I'icin i

JJ.xth PlanI Rs .Crore.s Percent

1 . Central oectoi 47 2^)0 4 8 . 4 6

2 . S t. at e/UT Sec to r 5U250 5 1 .5 3

2 .1 fNlE Region in S tate /UT Plan . 27 27 5 .4 3

3. Total Public Sector

o u t l a y .97 500

Proposed sl7,e of 7th Plan - Public Sector Outlay

l B O / 0 0 0 C r o r e s .

f'isti.mat ed Share (us ing 6 th Plan ratio) In 7th P lan .

~ Cent.ral 3ect or - StatG/UT Sectoj

NE Reg J.on out of S t a t e /

-*

Rs. 87 2 28 c rores .

Rs. 1 2 7 7 2 Crores .

Rs. 50 38 crores .

UT Plan .

I I . P ropOLu^ci ; ■ j.'-.o of I'lB Reg ion P l a n .

1 . Fooif^rriin i)ro(luct.ion

2. Pritaary EldiK.'at-ion3. Rural HealLli4 . R/âdo5 . Wator bûx^•]\

6 . F '^r ’ist

Share of t.he?sp ,5ub~sector in 5i.h Plan

Rs * 44 2 ci'ores .

Rs. 2S0 eroriss.

Rs, 132 c r o r e s .

Rs. 26t)2 c r o r e s .

K' * 483 c r o r e s .

_ R::. 59 5 c rore s .

4 564 c r o r e s .

40%

\s. 6346 crj^resEstimate for rnriLC^lrlng 60% taking growth of s ix core soctor.

S i z e of 7th PXati tor NE Region i Rs. l U l O crorer. ,(1.'!. ^0 percent of ol a te /PT

sharfO .

I 'I-1. Proposal for special allocat.ion in Central Pi^n*

Rs. 742 crates .

I's. 291 c i o i e s .

Rs. 19 crore"' .

1. Railway

2 . IWI3 . Post o f f ic e s4 . Telecom Services

336 or ore 8 .

Total t Us. 13 SB ci ore s .

SOtiRGE : 1 . S i x t h Five Year PJ.an 19cH)~3''^ .• Planning (t^mmission

- 2 .'Ai>pr6 acK f o 'Tth » Car:, ' inninq Ccmmi.: v im .

-ooO'ô-

TABl-iH»''J JHQV'/ING IjLTAIL*^ OF G A i- iC JL i^T IO W

, - 7 5 -

TABLI:. A , 1

PRODUCTIQN OP; l>;OC)DGRAll'i^ IN 1 3 ^

(OQO tcnnes)^^^^_______ ________

State/UT' ' '” "*^'')iTot-a Food Grains X Add 1 . Product ion durinq

\ Proauced^__________X Plan

T l9 7 9 -B0 1 ' - 5 i ____________________________ ___-

^ . ArunachalPradesh*

122 .57 173 .00 50,43

2. Assam. 2014 .04 3266.513 1274.51

3 . Meghalaya 140 .69 182 .00 /.1.31

4, Manipur 300 .00 45B.OO 158.00

5 . Mizoram 31 .30 71 .50 4('.20

f). Naqalt^^nd 79 .30 175 .04 95,'"4

7 . 'I' r i j)u ra 3J 2 .03 490.00 177 .9 "

Total I'JEK. 2999.93 4B3B.09 1838 .16

Source i Report of the A d v i s e r ( S P ) , PlanningConimissj.on on the Annual Plan 1984-85.

Ti^vBLE-A . 2

DiRIiCT I I O IRSCT P L i ^ QUTIAY ON ITEJnS REU-iATSD TO FOQDGRAIN PRGJJbCT±QN IN bIXTH PiÂN

(R s . i n lakhs)

)Uûnacnal X-3 sain X Manipur X Megna-L-ayaX Mizoram X NagaândXyTripura X

yTotal

•/ T

1 . CrcD ii- siisrtc’.rv 9 b 8 , 4 0 4 6 3 0 .7 8 1 0 5 8 . 0 0 $ 5 3 . 0 0 9 6 1 . 5 9 8 3 0 , 0 0 1 8 7 2 .3 1 112B4 .08

z . S c i l crd 7 C 5 .3 7 8 7 6 . 1 6 6 6 5 . 0 0 9 3 9 , 0 0 5 2 3 . 0 0 585.0,0 8 6 6 . 5 1 5 2 2 0 . 0 4

Develcr^ 'cnt ,

3 . L -and R f rrn 3 C . 9 8 868 .9 ' " 5 6 .0 0 1 6 4 . 0 0 3^,3'7 1 1 5 . OC 3 8 3 . 8 2 1 6 6 4 .1 4

Total *.griji and 1 7 6 2 , 7 5 63 7 5 .9 1 1 7 7 9 , 0 0 2 0 5 6 ,0 0 1 5 2 1 .9 6 1 5 3 0 . 0 0 3 1 2 2 , 6 4 1 8 1 4 8 .2 6

A l l i e d Activi- ( 3 4 .9 5 4 4 ) (5 ,0 0 2 6 ) ( 1 1 , 2 5 9 5 ) ( 4 9 . 7 7 0 0 ) (37 .8 5 97 ) ( 1 5 .9 8 0 8 ) ( 1 7 .5 4 2 9 ; ( 9 .8 731 )

t ies • •

4 . Fiedium Irriga-- 1 4 6 . 5 6 7 0 2 5 , 8 4 3 6 8 5 . 0 0 4 0 .0 0 - .— 173,5.18 12632 .58t i o n . 1

5 . Minor l r r i g a t i o n l 5 7 0 .3 0 6 3 7 4 . 6 3 775 . 0 0 63C ,C0 2 2 1 . 8 7 1 0 3 0 . 0 0 135rl.23 1 3 9 5 3 .0 8

Total I r r i g a t l o n l 7 i 6 . 8 6 1 5 40 0 .5 2 4 4 6 0 . 0 0 6 7 0 . 0 0 2 2 1 . 8 7 103C .00 3 0 8 6 .4 1 2 6 5 8 5 .6 6

V ~3r / ( 1 2 .0 8 3 5 ) . : 2 8 .2 2 7 8 ) ( 1 6 . 2 1 t 8 ) (5 .5 192 ) ( 1 0 . 7563) ( 1 7 .3 3 94 ) ( 1 4 .4632 )

6 . Flood Control 12 4 . 5 8 2 1 5 5 .9 2 4 0 5 . 0 0 1 2 3 ,0 0 - - 4 4 4 . S': 3 2 5 2 .8 7(2 .4 ^C 4 ) ( 1 .6 9 1 6 ) ( 2 .5 6 3 3 ) ( 2 .9 7 7 5 ) ( 2 , 4965) (1 .7 696 )

Total : 3r.0 4 , i 9 2 j 9 j ^ . 3 5 6 6 4 4 , 0 0 2 6 4 5 . 0 0 17 43 .8 3 2 5 6 0 . 0 0 66 5 3 . 42 4 ^ 9 8 6 .7 9

( 7 1 . ^ 9 2 ) ( 1 8 . 7 /7 7 ) (42 .OSOf ) ( 6 8 . 9 6 6 4 ) (43 ,3789> (2 6 .7 3 9 1 ) (3 7 ,3788 ) (26.105.9)

Source : Saiê as A . I .

Ncte t Figure in bracker gives derived ulau otitlav^ per lOOC tonnes in R s . lakJns,

-A-rrp—r’- ?EjUIFlEI'4'ZNT C? Fl';MD FOR AC>I^VIffG_^LF_£^^Fj-CI^.-iCY I.\ FOOD GRAlij

" ^Qaantit^

V t.ed 'cro- It.ad Reqj.— Xonal re— Xfor j.xairgV ducticn )(Jj.irsTr,enl:: Xaddi- XV i_93 4 _ £ 5 ll'-yo--y^ 7th I t io n alX Xr X XPXan. Ip r o d a c ^ k

_______ I _______________i _____________ } _______ ___________________________X

> 3

Cost X'i'arqet XAntic ipated costFC A'Tot ai V

A A T IR X FC

X YA X X XX X

YA X X

X X X X X

i^runaci.a-Pradesn 1^73.00 213.J0 4C 50 50 1746 1702 124 3574 12 419 409 30 8 50AssaiTi 3 26b.55 4t 5 / « 0 C 1285 1300 1300 ,6503

i15709 2199 24411 isei 7909 19104 2674 2 968 ^

Manipur 458.00 397.00 C-) 61 120 120 13 51 3 367 308 50 A6 4C 450 1129 x03 1682Meghalaya 1£2 .00 293.00 1 1 1 5C 50 2 4B9 £11 149 3 44y 12 597 195 36 628Mizoram 71.50 139.00 67 40 40 1514 221 ~ 1735 10 379 55 43 4Naaaland- 1 5 . C 4 200.00 25 25 25 400 269 - 669 10 160 108 266Tripur^i. 490.00 550.00 60 140 140 2456 2 428 3 50 5234 40 702 694 100 1496Tct^l "HR , ^335.C9 63 6i>. 00 1527 1705 1705 16461 2^527 3130 44118 170 5 10616 21694 2943 .35253

iNiOte : - ' ! ' Targets have been f i x e d keeping in v iew a d d it iD n a l requirement, a d d ir io n al production drrinr^ 6 z h Plan r n 2 ^ , 0 0 , C O O tonnes for meeting hidden requirem ents , " “

12) A lter n a tiv e I__assumes total targeted foodarain w i l l be produced i ^ each rriState / ltt having larger cost o f production h-ve been given about

30?o or tne target r ixed for o t a t e /O T . The balance requirement has been -given

where cost of production is lower.

SI: ^'tfV

I IT.

TnHLI- t . 1 ; A d ( J i t i p n a L j i r [ inicnt^ .f;iumbg rof, U-u.chêr,, ndClaV; . cTir “ ' '

l Pr” ;por"tl rjVjjE? tirn-vhf d xTst i mu tncl xL i kc- 3.y J ddl »[ n r fi - ' i ' pi yLatiniaT.oc Icip s c h o n l p o p u l o b - u^chcu l xE ni ’ui - i: J ni^nt

(pr;pl i n 1 1 1 yL f i'3

!c, g n 1 1 : 1! p

;l d URl' fjU 1 B~ ill' l i k L ' J y j U- t.h’- l nun l . nf

h-

lycinn I'lnp'l'îcin in |qDi nn pn~|!iu?rit i ftj t o i ^ d a .1 ?19îlj (finfj) j j pul f . t i on o hr b y | B r \û-V

' i n 1 ‘JkiD h-\f i n i l t h f:nd \ 6 - 1 1 Y r s j 1 -k' t i f 7 th

,(□(,) ) |(fJG ) ;,n5 h m )

i . .......

jif-il jR-ii.L.

1/

cidchc.rs . rid Clu6 t: ITU III by

tdit- nid r;f 7th

P I a n .

1 3. «. -mm , •» 1 . ... 1 , ............. 1 . . . . p. . . . 1 . . V J ji_

A. ruriF' chalP r a d R 6 h ( 1. 1 15077 fk51 979 75 0 2/9 30 '7 6 3

A s fri 0, U 6 2 4 4 2 73G4 40G4 7 23G70 16177 39 414G0

H r: ri i- p LI r IJ. 129076 1f366 24: 3 2190 263 3f^ 745

Ple'n ha J aya 0. k2B24(j 1753 224G 2140 106 34 318

P'l i : ' 0 r a m 0 . 0 1 0 9 5 9 736 H1 P70 - 33 -

N a (j a 1 0 n d [1.104 054 i196 1244 214 0 - 21 -

T r i p u r a 0 . 1 3 5 3 1 9 2707 35(,3 3790 40 -

__________ * .,4 , ... , r- „ ^ . - •........50G( '5 3S750 16797 ~ 4 3306

- V . - ^

F i v t Year Cost ( Rs, c. r t; r e )

F i j 1 CM c J . 1^ R r ! q_u i r f.jti e n t

, T i a t h e i Sb I c I'V i.m,.7 nn /~P .N .

4:5306 X 5 X 70Q x 12 9 0 . 9 4

. S n n i f l B u i l d i n g 30, OGO/- per b u l l d i n g

43306 X 30 , 0 G0 1 2 9 . ^ 2

3. Funds f o r hooks e t c . f o r --:ddj t i ona. l C f i i l d r e T i .R' ,5G/~ p ^ r i i t udent

167S)7r;0 X 5 x50 --- 2 1 , no

4 F u r n i t u n and er j ui pment ©Rs.lOOO/-* pr r c l a s s

^ 43306 X 100G 4 . 3 3

5 * 1 rri p r r. w v m r ■ n t o f t f -i c h i n in f i; h c. d c; a n c 1 t r a i n i'n g c o at* , U 1

2 GG.GG

T a b l e-H«l

Riiral ar.d Tr:Lt'al Population of the Reci-on and reqâirernenT: of PHCs U Sub—Centres .

______ _(Rs,in lakhs)

Rux'al Pcpal?.4ReQuireinent of PHC XReaaj remer>t of Sub-XLikely acnieve-XEalance to b e Xr ^ t i o n . " iTotal feribal )lNon-'” ICentê________ __________ Xment upto 8 4-£5 Xcovered in t .

l I ^ - l ~ I ' T r i b a l T ! S .- t r i 4 I XXribal XTctal xTribal XI'Tcn- X?HC XS'jE= J7th Plan _____

I ' \ i I \ \ i p - n tr e . j p ^ J

jûnacn,.il

Pradfcsh. / . 9 7 5 .11 2 . 8 6 31 26 u. 228 17u ■ 58 -x5 - - 228

iissar- 3 0 . 4 4 2 1 5 . 3C 512 153 3 59 5321 :o i 5 430 6 157 1380 355 3 941

Kanipur _ 3 , 6 5 P S .58 37 2 1 16 328 136 192 35 275 2 53

x-'lc.- gha 1 ay a . 1 4 .3 7 1 2 . 6 2 1 . 7 6 66 63 456 42C 36 ■ 31 230 35 225

MiSi-CiTarri, 4.9-0 C .61 26 25 1 177 164 13 22 165 — 1 2i.'i oa -i.ar’i.ci» -l. , 1 9 . 1 1 C . 99 46 46 2 324. 30 4 20 23 130 25 194

Tripura . 2 4 . 1 2 7 .3 L 1 6 . 9 7 66 37 25 586 246 3 40 31 18C 35 406

Totp.1 vjkR . 3 '1 .46 7 3 . 5 9 2 4 6 . 0 7 786 371 415 742C 2455 4965 3 44 2360 452 50 59

. J n . t o ‘c r t d

Zinticlpated C ^sts " ' ' ' If ^ . H C

PHCc 452 - 5'. & 5 .S S Crcres

5059 Sur-Cen-cres ^ . 4 5 . 5 5 Chores

Total : 3k. 1 31 .43 Crores .

. A State:/liT

■ i

It . r T u n a c h a l Pi

Assaff?

3 . r i ' a F i i p u r

4 . Pten^'slaya

5 . Pl-izorp-m

• i fsqE-lciind

7. T r i p u r a

S, !E Re g i o n

Q, A i l I n d i a

E L E n » 1 F U ^ i D R E Q U I REi ^i Ei vTS F D R I ' F T H E r m T x L M ^ L n V E R n G E F D R

adfe n

E A C H L U j M S T I T U E N T U N I T

“ Tj ^„rsa i n Lxi s- Gi r i g I T c t & i r &ac Rc sd y e t t o be x C o s tI Sq.Krn. vLenhfcK | D o n s i t y | l engt: -^ t o o r i n y | c c n s t r u ' c t e d f o r I ' r - Gresi |K.fn. i Km/ 1 Q0 s qkm| n s t i ^ ^ r e i a v - er ag3 | fi-at i c n a i a v e r a g e |I

T

83^580

7 B , 5 2 G

i 3 , 1 2 2

5 9 , 7 9 C

1 5 , 7 0

76, 15

4 0 , ?82

5

2 7 , 5 6 0 10^0 ( 13000 i r xijl P l a n H

R: - st i n U l I I D I 3 .1-,) 1

2 2 , 3 6 0 5, 82.7 26*06 1 C, 5, 082' 406

2 2 , 4 9 0 5 , 8 6 9f

2 6 . 1 0 10, 971 5 , 1 0 Z 4GB

2 1 , 0 9 0 1 , 9 8 9 9 . 4 3 10 , 291 6 , 3 0 2 6 64

1 6 , 5 3 0 6->264 3 7 . 6 9 6 , 066 1 , 8 0 2 144

1 0 , 4 8 0 7 3 8 3 0 74 . 7 1 - -

, 5 5 ^ 0 5 0t

1 , 0 0 , 6 9 1 3'9, u 8 3 3 , 2 8 8 Km. 2662 d u r i n g l/LI n i a n

, 87 j 5 Ob 1 6 , 04, 1 1 0 4 8 . 7 9

1 3 C 0 0 Kth

DOO '

I

ABLE 1 : E s t Ed C c s t cf d f f_o r t- s t o t i l.- n i. t ne RBni o n

Stst£:/UT3. L ' - , n t i c i p a t e a a c n i e v e m e n t s d u r i n g S i x t h | S i x t h Pi* ^ a n' ( ■ 00 iJ __ \ < i c i d &fp"1 a n t n t i*u n Jrc'o n l t; i c |f a r rrT Jt o t a 1 ^l o f o ' j i c k ftsnd cGmrr- :Fcr&3t r y } ;fcrGU-'ing

c i e s

5 _ 2

ian □ a L t d

L u t J_ £ )-'(H3, l ^ k h s )

ii t e

R-':. ^akhs|Gc - rCOO ho. I

C ' D S tfe« l a k h s per Sc . Km.

. . . J .

Jplanta- I

i __________ I3 1 : . i

1 . 2 1 13. 1 . 1 8

c; /

1 4 . 8 6

... i

• L' s S E n> 7 . 4 9 b . C8 11 . 76 2 7 . 3 3

3 .TseQ" p i a y a 1 . 03 1. 62 3 . 9 6 6, 61

4 •fliZDr.arr. 1 2 . 3 0 1 4 . 7 0 4 5 . 0 0 7 2 . 0 0

5 . f^aQel : r!D 4 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 4 . 18 1 2 . ! 8

1 3 3 . 0 0

5 ___ 1 . .. ... .. .

1 3 7 6 , 6 0 92. 5 1 9 . 2 5

4 1 3 4 . 4 2 1 5 1 . 2 8 1 5 . 1 3\

5 3 9 . 0 0 81 . 54 8 . 1 5 oQ

6 6 4 . 9 7 9 . 2 4 0 . 9 2 t

6 4 6 . 0 0 5 3 . 0 4 5 . 3 0

7 3 6 0 . 9 9 5 5 . 3 5 5 . 5 4

^ 2 '

T' BLt F *2 : t s t ,inia i, fcid RRqu 1 rfjm(-;nt fcir af foj ' s t a t i cn t o r^eplBruaj\ tj\e I c b s i.n for o a h jcovei' ___ _ _

Si ai . e/UT ■.jjlutcii F o i e a t ar na ilin yqLiare Km, ill 7 '■ ”1*900-8"

t

.1

Rate, of fJBp.l i ' I . i 'i p0 r VRar ( S q . InUI . )

4

1 . ArunacjhaJP raflpali 51438 52104 -

r 'i ^ • /> s Bam 21055 19796 1 5 7. 38

3. hi a fi j p u r 15 090 135 72 18 9 . 7 5

4, N i . C) r f i m 13860 1 1 971 2 3 6 . 1 3

b. (''1B f 1 b R1 a y a 14390 12458 2 . 4 2

6 , Na[;a l an d 8154 8G95 7 , 3 8

7. T r j pur a 633 0 5138 1 4 9. 00

T o t a i ni : r 140317 12313ft 2 1 4 7 . 8 8

T hus t ho f o n - ' s t c o v r r l o s t dui i ng/ j . . pe r i i d uforksnut. t o ho 107 40 q , km . and t a k i n g t h e . . .. . r n s t of af f c i r Rt ^ -

t i c : n t o be Rs*5 , 5 l a k h s / S q . K m , on i n v e s t m e n t of 5 ‘-)5 c n r a c uioul'be r 6 c|uired t o i^ake up t h i s l e s s .

1 b [i L E : r . 3: F i n a n c i a If‘B% nC’TllVR

Heci ui r ement of b r i n g i n g t o t a l n ].us 1 mprnwemGnt of dikgradei;!

r p g i n n ai. a r e a .

1 . T o t a l ar ea of t h e r e q i on = 255037 bq. Km.

2 . R o n u i r e d ar ea tr. be i.inder f o r G s t t a k i n g 6U% norms - 15302? Sg. Km.

3. T o t a l F o r e s t art a I n 19 8 0 - 8 2 - 140317 Sq. Kin.

4 . Ar ea under c l osE d f (. I' 6 s t 104449 5q. Km.

A f t orBst . a t i o n p l a n f o r ti ie r B g i n n t a k i n g norm

=•- 15:U122 - 104^49 == 4B57:") Sq. Km.

5, OpRii/degI-adC“id f J i Rst t o be r e s t o i B d^ 10730 Gq. Km.

6 , Nf-u ai'F'a tn be liuUBred - 48573 -18730

- 29843 Sq. Km.

7* F i n a n c i a l r e q u i i e m e n t for c o v e r i n g 5 and 6

<^!B573 X 5 . 5 4

~Rp2 6 9 0 . 9 4 c r o i e s .

TJvBLL Pul : Nu, of cj's UJJ i r Pd tj:i_ 0’"' ■ ‘ I n*dia* AA/j ra^E puJ. sb^

St abr Vl J T UCDtal Area A V/ e I' a g e ar eaBGL’Wed (Ai, 1 . )

f\lo. of P. II. r e g d . i n ov/eragF^

1 , Aasani

2 , He n h n l a y a

3. Ai ' unachal Piafie s h .

4 . ( ' ' lenirur

5 . N i r n i a m

6 . Nag a l and

7. T r i p u r a

2 AB L 1 Lon h i n u od )

Str j t&/IJT

- * - - • • -

7B520 5q Km ^ 22 S q . Km. r= 35b9

22489 S q . Km -I- 22 S q . Km. rr 1 02 2

B3743 Bq , Km , -f- 22 Sc], Km, = 3606

22356 Sq. Km.-s- 22 S L] . Km, 1016

21090 S q , Km ♦ 22 Sq . Km. s: 95 8

16579 5q. Km -I- 22 Sq . Km, K 753

A w f r a g t! ar ea s B r V/ e ri 17 . 03 Sq. K rn. /\ddi t i ona. l P . D . snot. n K c e s s a r y ,

N o . r I f’ P , 0 , r b n cJ t u ge-it at pa r u i t t i A . I

_________ _

1. Assafii 3569

2 . f i r n h a l a y b 1 0 2 ?

3 , r. r u n a c ti a J P r a d e s h 3 B 0 6

4 , n a n i p u r 1016

5 , n i z o r e m S)BB

6 , Mor a l ' nd ?b3

--------- ----

No, f.if P . U . s e x i a t i n g

3341

432

2 3B

545

276

253

. . . i l L . . . . . .

No. of A n d l

220

59fJ

356G

471

.682

50 n

-

T • f:i L L. - P . / L q Ci t .1.11 q u i'

k M E r f'cie.3 co <31 (.f o D L D t inp I □ y 0e “ 171 . 1)0

L o s t fix- an i. t h t u o pocrtsi - 3511.00

Cn s t f u r an i i : i th t h n c. p o s f s ~ B 2 b . 0 0

Ncjint.Bn.?nce Gtiarge-^s f ' t c , -

r i X. f d 3 d d i t i. 0 r i 2 , 0 D

1 n cj i r E c t Cl V/ 0 r h e a d - 2 , 0 0

[di-Mrges Holntn-

nancB alJouirnce -2 0 , 0 0

an t i n g pn cy ~ 2 . 0 0

2 6 , 0 0 p. m.

l D t 8 l

CciGt Lf nn FOBG u i t i i 2 pnsi .s . - 3 5 0 . 0 0

+ 2 0 , 0 0p,m

T rj i: 3 1 c (1 e t: a f a n t. DO 0 u. i K h 3 P g 5 25, 00.

2 0.00

r s i . 0 0

T o b l L P - 3 : Regu i r t c.f j 'undt. t c i_ EiJBlr,

St . - ^te/OT i.\'£’r j i q | f v c r a n t c nnua.l co ]t.

- - . f e v i l l' P C( .... - s-» « r«.«v

A s s a m '.nr, X 5 5 1 , o n /s 12 - 1 S.J, 0 7 5 3 6 , 0 0

r' lpg riu l a y a 5 9 0 K 5 5 1 . 0 0 X 12 - ' 3 ^ , 0 1 , 0 8 0 , 0 0

A r u n a c h a . l 3 5 6 0 X 5 5 1 , 0 0 X 1 2 - 2 3 5 , 91 , 51 b , 0 ( :P r £1 d 0 3 ('

n 0 n 1 p u r 4 7 1 • X 5 5 1 . 0 0 X 12 =. 3 t , 1 4 , : : 5 2 . 0 0

n .i z 0 1 - m 6 R 2 X 5 5 1 . 0 0 X 12 - 4 5 , 0 9 , . j 0 4 , 0 0

1 f\l n g 0 J. a n d 1

5 0 0 X 5 5 1 , 0 0 X 1 2 - 3 3 , O u , 0 0 0 , 0 0

1r o T /iL : j , 3 ^ - ' , ^ 9 , [ i 6 0 . D 0

n n u a . l r , f j s t f D 1; t O t c ) l p 1 n p r r .i- o d = F ^ . I T . 9 7 n „

J n f. C l iTi f-) q 6 n c r r-1 , l o n i r 1 t t i t c . - l r i i a n “ P , 1 . ' -4 cr . i

'N (f: t r e q 1.13 r & mt n i: f V f 7 t h ' P l n n ' : - h , 1 0 , 5 3 c I

T B L E - T . j : E x is t in G_ J el ecoj ^r nun s t j CiH f a c i l J . t ies in_ t_hG_ R e o i d r i .

— --------— - ~ ---- ------ -------- - s s a m f A r u n a c h a l F f l a n i p u r T '^legnal a y a l f i i z or am ff.1 a g a l a rilTJt r i p u r 2r T c r a l1 I n_dij5^ t^g i P r „

D i r e c t l i n e s 2 , 6 6 , 2 ' ^0 2 4 , 6 1 0 1424 2 391 4569 992 3027 3035 4 0 , 3 4 9A ueragS'/' I 000

2 . 0 4 . 0 1 . 5 ■ 1 . 8P o p u l a t i o n 4 . 0 5 1 . 6 2 . 2 1 . 7 3 . 5

i el ep« L( ! j-Cti ^ 3 4 , 0 8 0 4 06 26 37 61 9 26 76 641( i n c l u d i ' ^ g C D s )

1 . 8 3 . 6f. .. ' n "■ ~ n(1-1 U-C 1 / ! (-• ■--- - i_< w 5 . 2 2 . 6. 4 . 0 2 . 6 4 . 6 3 , 4 2 . 5P c p y l a t i o n .

LDPCD*'? 19, 627 276 i e 36 51 9 21 45 464

k vE. rage/1 uUGOC2 . 5 3 . 8 2 . 0p D p u l a t i G n a 3 . 0 1 . 6 2 . 5 2 . 8 2 . 2 2 . 0

~e. l e x C a o - c i t y 3 3 , 5 6 5 310 - 20 50 • . 20 400

' j e r a g e/ 1 00000 5 . 1 2 . 0 1 . 4 3 , 7 - - 1 . 0 1 . 6 1P o p u l a t i o n . JOD u n n c t n e 7 t h P l a r f ol io L 'in g a d d i t i o n s have been pr opos: e c . CJ»

-N ExctiERC^ L i n e s - 39, 309 l i n e s , r a i s i n c t h€ t o t a l 7 9 , 5 5 7 and r a i s i n g our a v er ag e 1 . 8 / 1 0 u 0 t c ■f ^ ^ . c. _ - 3 . 6 /^OOG p c p u l 3 ui Gn u h i c h L ^ i l l be a u i t e n e ar t o a l l i n o i a av/Fraqe cf

^^.0/ 1 0 0 G p o p u l a t i o n .

2 ) T f c l Eor aph O f f i c e s - au r u r a l t e l f c ^ r c p p of i c e L . i l l be i ^er kEl t h r o u g h S a t e l l i t e medi a g i v i n g sp G t r e r a n d m c r L r e l i a b l e a n d q u i c k s e r w i c e s ,

t CPCC^ s - i ) 560 LDPCGs u i ^ l not; be y o r K e a unoer r.^RH U 'sult i a c c e s s r a c i c R e l a y ) syst em^ c s t e r i n p t o a l l d I u c K and T e h s i l h e a d q u ' r t e r s uih icn a re n o t h.?vi-,Q t e l e c o n

f a c i l i t i e s at p r e s e n t , f .p s rt fro-m t h e s e 192 s i n g l e c h a n n e l . H . F . s t c i o n s >.ii 1 1 r e p l a c e t he e x i s t i n g C/ti PCOs g i \ i i n g D e : t e r and r e l i a b l e s e r c i c t s .

i i ) ^'-.eaily 300 L/D PCQs 'u.‘i l l be opened i n I I phase un der 5 Km. r i cxagortai sci^rmet o p r c w i d e t e l e c o m f a c i l i t i e s t o r e mot e ar ea u i t h a r a d i o u s of 5- Km as per p o l i c y ,

ra-'^^r'-? t v - I t i s p r op o s e d t o open 7 neu T e l e A e x c n a n g e s ana e x p a n o i n g the c a p a c i t y by 4QQ^ ’ l i n e s mor e, L i t h t h i s a d d i t i o n e u e r y S t a t e C a p i t a l of K . L . w i l l haue a t b l e x

e x c n a n a e a n d t h e a v e r a g e o f u i l l t . c o i n e d o u b l e .

TA3LE : W.Es-ima te s of Cap ital Cost and Fund ava-i.Iaple -

VI Fi-7e Year P l a n /D e c ade Prograrrujie

( R s . in crcres

States /Un ion

Territory

1 . Assam

2 . Manipur

3 . Meghalaya

4 . Nagaland

5 . Tripura

6 . Axunachal Pradesh

7 . Mizoram

Fund availa£)le during V I Plan

Water Su p d I v ___

Urban

1 4 . 4 5

6 , 6 C

22 . 2S

4 . 5 0

4 . 2 2

Rural

6 1 . 1 5 *

20 .1C

20 .50

1 1 .5 5

1 2 . 0 C

1 2 .*77

6.7C

Toral

7 5 .60

2 6 . ^ 0

42 .79

1 6 .0 5

1 6 . 2 2

12 .77

1 0 .5 3

Cap ital Ccst for Decade Proarammevestimated;

Wa^er Supply

Urban Rural _ _ _ Total _ _ _ - -

3 2 .4 9 3 4 2 . 3 4 4 2 4 . 8 3

1 7 . 9 8 3 8 .1 0 5 6 . 0 3

29 .54 4 9 . 1 5 7 3 . 7 9

1 4 . 4 2 1 5 .5 3 2 9 .9 5

10 .94 2 9 .1 7 4C .11I001

0 ,^C 1 5 , 0 2 1 5 . 9 2

2 .3 8 3 5 . 1 6 3 3 . 0 6••

TOT\L ; 5 .9 ' 1 44 .77 2 0 0 . 7 6 1 5 9 . 2 5 5 2 4 . 4 9 6 8 3 . 7 4

SOURCE : Assis-ant Adviser (PHS) , M in istry of Worjcs Sc Housing,

New D e l h i . ' ' ’

♦Includes Central assistance programmes.

Cti/VPT£H - IV

DETiU LtiD 3TRATEGXE3 i\HD VROGR.W'IE I N THE IDENTIFI SHICTURS^~0F DEVELOPMENT

Tlie curront. St itus of the economic cievylopment in thu

North Eastern Region, the shortcomings/lacunae in respect of

development schemes and general si.ratsgy foj development havt^

been discussed in Chapter-] to I I I ot the Report. Although in

d e f in in g the strategies for development of the region in tiiffe-

rent sectors the overall requireme.ntis of the region are kf^pt in

view, i t is not .\lways p oss ib le to give d e f i n i t e progr immc s which

can be tiken up in d i f f e r e n t sectors . However, based on the back

ground piper ind mitu-rial ava ilab le from d i f f e r e n t soutoes in c l u

ding Central M in i s t r ie s , the Working Gr'iup would like t.o suggest

the following d e ta i le d strategies and programmes for some of t.he

id e n t i f i e d sect->rs which might bt- considered for inc^jrpor ition in

the Seventh Five Year Plan of the Nort.h Eastern Council / Statiis/

UTs and Central M i n i s t r ie s .

The chapt(ii has been de^vided into eighteeii sect.ions as

given below i

1 . Agriculture & A ll ied Sectors .

2. Environmental Protection and Eco-Devtlopment.

3. Forestry.

4 . Power and Renewable Resources .

5 . Flood C on tro l .

6 . Minerals hi Mining .

7 . In d u str ie s .

fl. Smill Scale In d u s t r ie s .

9 . S e r ic u lt u re .

10 . Transport.

11 . Commun ic at: i ons .

12 . Manpower Developmtint .

l U Health .

l l . flanking F a c i l i t i e s .

15 . Urban Development & M igration .

16 . Educition .

17 . C iv i l S u p p l ie s .

I B . Science & Technology,

Sumniary of the main recommendations of these sections

is given in Chapter - V I .

I-B7-I

CtL.PTi'Ji TV^ _ 2

aUUClJLTlRl'^ .X ALLlJ'iJ SECTOR

A . ivGiaCULTUiUi;

1 • For su^^g-stirv5 a duvei Di)nb'’nt strntegy In tho

'^gi'icuiLtuj'’e ' nul allli'Cl Bect')r during the Sovonth FM'^n

a brief survey ol'the prcjseiit status >f tliu’ sector in the

North E'^stern Itet’;! :>n Is necoss'iry. Thu systutn 'i^rl cul

ture.- in the regi )n h vs been nrudorninantly tradlti in^al.

The s itu at l m Is further aggraveted by the p r e v ’lonce of

ttiu s h i f t.ing [)attern of c u lt i v ' ’'tion in the h i l l ar a s .

Although the overall land ; man ratio is relatdvely heigh

in this region , thij average size of h j l d i a r is f|uite sma L I .

It ranges from - 2 , 0 0 ha with more than '>0^ h)ldjn.\s

being >f the size -f l^.ss than 1 ha. This is beoauso about

2 / 3 )fthe total geograpiiical ar .:"’ ^f the ru>;/i -n is h i l l y .

More than ?0% of the #irmers In the rogl )n belong to th(?

small anJ, m^^rginri category. jr 11 ng to - stuly o^rj iuc-

ted by the Agro-Econ )mic Rese arch Centre , Jorhat, sm^ll

h'Idin.- ^^s in Assam 1 nc'.rc" iscd by 5 0 % i n ' a ; .ad xl if 7 years ,

2 . I f the yi.:l^^ rate >f or \ps 1- any in^iicator )f

i-R8~:

agricultur al ornvth, the ;;r w th in th- w'ula a vio 'r

to ')e slu^gist . The table !)ol'W indloat. s th. av ^rlge yii^l ^

r te if ce rtaln ma,1or crops in til is r.'e.L 'H :

Tabic-I

s t a t e / ’' ■" I ,Yield rate liii Ivgs) per ba „

OT____ ___ _______Eice__ 'T V , .1 ». I Jutc„ _

Assam 1 ,1 09 1 , 1 5 9 3 1 ,463 5 ,8 5 9

Arunachal 1 ,1 82 1 ,133 -

Pradtish

Manipur 1 ,440 1 ,798 -

Meghalaya 1 ,339 809 1 iji228 6 , 99^

Mizoram 97b -

Nagaland ......................900 682 5 , '*2

Triilura’ ' ' ' ' ■ 1,-356 ' ' ' ■ ~ .................. - 1,201 ^h,'^Q3

All In l ia.... ^

1 , © 1 ? T T T 5T " '[,2^5 1 3 ,113

Source D1 r■ et )rate of Ec )norn 1 cs Statistics , Mj ni stry of

Agricia iturd.

;- 8 9 - :

3 , It Is truG that the above figures for a single year

may not ] rojoct an accurate picture, but it is not possible to

make an analysis of time series data as these are not available

for all the units . It w ill be evident from the table that while

in case of certain crops the yield rate is much lower than the

a]1-India average, in cases of some others ic is satibiacto ry .

It is disquieting to n)te that Assam, which is relatively more

advanced and an important agricultur-al ai-ea in the regi m , during

the period 1950-51 and 1975-76 , has recorded a mere 3% simple

annual rate of growth in the matter of rice proiuction. In

Manipm" Nagaland and Tripura, the average yield ofjt'ice during

the period 1972-73 ^nd 1978-79 recorded substantial increase

while it is marginal in ;\runachal Pradesh and Mizoram. The

same study has indicated decline of the yield rate in Meghalaya*

4. Some of the factors responsible for slow agricultural growth

are briefly discussed below. The small size of the operational

holdln,iS 'lartlrul arly in Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura,

need n)t act as disincentive for dev(rlopment )f agriculture

although It may not permit introducti.oa of improved cultural

practices based )n ] arge scale mechanisatlon. Following table

v/i, 1 1 prov this point.

Table- 2

Basic data relating to A g i , in m India (1976-77)

State/OT

Assam

j(/iverage size !ijf operation'

|al holdings

_ L ,

1 .47

of irrigated

- ifarea to gross propped area

17 ,27

t Consumption of I fe r t ilisers per { unit jf gr ss

« _________

1 .8

ArunachalPradesh

6 .1 9 1 8 . 4 o —

Manj pur 1 .15 36 .05 , 1 1 . 9

Mi zoram - ^ .6 2 9 . 9

Nagal.'tn-l 5 .4 6 ^4 ,70 1 .8

Tri])ura 1 .01 7 .7 2 2 .2

Totnl NK

III India

1 . 6 6 India 1.71

2 .3 0 ““

2 2 .5 1

17 .83

^ 25755

^ ________

. - -

: -90'-i

Out; ol n flu 11 e <jf 6,15 nil i.Li )M hGct-ii'UH, 1hi? tiut shwn

ar. -H Is only 3.30 million hiict.-it’es an i net irrib'itod iren is as

Jow as 0.80 mi 111 >n hectares.

‘3, Another rna.jor dr'’Wback -'f thu rugioti's a- r cultural

system has betvn the l-jw cruj) intL-noity . Thu f :)llowing fi^’ures

In rospect ')f Assam will spi.’ak ol‘ the sltnati"ui that olitains

In the region :

Table 3_____ , ,1 1978;-79) .. _ i i -___

Net area sawn f area under' iftouble F Or^ss croppei.1 ^roppinij;_ ____________ _ l .C c . i i P l n ^ ^ I V!i-'---- _ - -ttnt.malti

__IlT_______26.79 6.23

L:(2 t 0 1 *1:2 ] : ; .

3 3 . 1 1 1 2 >%

6 , The previlence )f shlftlni;^ cu ltlvatlM i on a wile sc

in the h i l l ar(,^as is anoth(..'r c i n t r 1 but)rv factor t >wards agricu] -

t;ural bacinwardness, The tal)le b o l w i' ives an itle ' ol the incld .n-

c;e )f jfIufning in the Fiegion.

Tablv.- '+

State/UTj Total Geog.ra- lAnnual I FeTlow 4lnimum are'' iin 1. r|)hical area larea

n { * \jshi.fti.ng cultlv^- ki .m ;ne t In j :-r

.1|fTt\ .... .

bbi-ftin.g \ L-'lti V' - 1 Utiou I

y..-rs) h th)r

/runacH 1 '33,53 [. Km a 21( 0i'radeshAssam 78, 20 »> 6?6 2-10 1 302Man! our 22,360 M 900 3600

Meghalaya 22,A90 '» 5-7 2650

Mizorrtn 21,090 630 3-u 1800

Naga Ian1 16,b3.) 11 1 913Tripura 1U, 80 223 5-9 1115

Total r " "’ 2,^57:)50‘“ ” ' oB65.....................^ T 660

^ Tf"“T8tal' Are T.5% ' "

Source' s- Task F:irce Rep n-t n shifting cultivation, Ministry of- iigr i cu 1 ture (1 983 )

In recent yeirs due to incroase in population the Jhum cycle

in most of the States of the region has shrunk to 3 to 7 years,

Thu )bvious result among other tihings has been low productivity,

7. Flood in some parts of t-he region, particularly in

Ass :m, has bu-en another factor adversely effecting development

of agriculture. According to in estimate 2.47 lakh hectares of

land are chronically flood prone in Assam, Besides damaging crops,

it has stood in the way of better utilisation of Irrigation

potential,

B, There is also the proble-m of timely and adequate

availablity of seeds of high yielding variety. Although the

arua under HYV has marked increase during the period from 1973-7^*

and 1980-81 - from *5,02 laklis ha it has gone upto 9 lakhs ha-

there d )es not seem to be proper arrangements to ensure the

quality of seeds.

9, Finally the tradition an i outlook of the farming

community have also been somev/hait responsible for the uns-itis-

fact )ry rate of growth in this sector. The average farmer is

still tradition bound an1 the concept of local consumpti'in

jriente'i agricultural operations are still prevalent over* a

wi'ie area. Initiative of the ''verago a farmer to tak^: to new and

modern techniques has, therefore-, been lacking,

• SHIFTI NG CULTIVATI(J)N 3c WATERaiiiiD MANAGl-JMi:i'4T

10, Accorling to available statistics, a total area

)f about 4693 Sq, Km, are Jhumed every year in this region

and a little over 4,43 lakh famlli'->s practice jhum cultivation.

Details are furnished in the following iable

Basic Statistics of NE Region , 1982,

•9 2-:

S t r k J s 7 V %

Arun 'ch'U

M iiii()ur

Muglial :y'i

Ml zoram

i 'Hld

T r i pur - ,

fotnl 7

'.ntiu'^l '\re'i undu .r 5 Number jf' f-imilius shifting cultivn- il pr' ci.L...ishif t lti|'

Kma _ J .,cul,tl v \t7 0 0 5 4 , 0 0 0

6 9 6 ^ 8 , 0 0 0

900 70,000'x3 0 t^2 ,290

630 'H3,0001014 116,046.'21 43,000

469

1 1 . T h u 'I.) ) v j f l i , u r ’ - s i n c i i c . i t u th' . - m ' l g n i t U ' i . j1' t h u

• j')l.<li.?m wh !se s -luti »n is imp .I’it nt n ■! riJy in thu c jnt>..'xt

>f uovgL')pmc lit f itrrl f-’ulturu nri'l tfio :c,n mic [u vui.'>ptriGnt

1 L'lr/ .'t.' chunk th- rij 'p'. .n's ]j ^pul'it i on, 1)ut als ' in r’eintl vn

t: ■ nini nt(.n' nf,u 'in I jr jsurv'^t.i Ti f ...nvir’ >nni. n t , Tt': re f ^ru,

oontr >1 -md .nndu-’l r- l 'c.Jiiont -f this tV'illti n l systvmi ,)f

agri cull:u^u ”iss\miu h l;':nlf tcnnc.3. 'hll ? llscussim thu-

, r )fclum of jhumi n ind c )nsi d rln^ jossiilt. ■■'H-.crnalivos, it may

I'G 1.3, t in mind th'd: jhumin.; has b'xai i w f life wibh th*. .

tribal p.e .:>] In tho hills . They hnd t ak-;i n t thic-: • yst.eni buc'iusc

f o'nditiona of ,..;€--! -:raphy nn i trad.j ti -j\\, ny .jiDrr^mme

t-o Wvj'Ti aw:iy the. ,ihumins fr^m shlftjn 'U.l 1 ii-a!,i >n nd t- replan^-

Jhumim-; by al.t.jrnatlvG m> th «dr. will. ‘ 1 j le imaginatively

and carufully formulatt:;d and i f liv'C tivuly implonijntud.

12. A m )dest I'ep innin.' f ar Jhum c'.:intr 1 in ttiL re, i 'n

was made luring tlio Thir^l Five Year P]an. By thu 'nd ji' th.

SiKth plan, it is h >ped, ab 'Ut 1 b , OO'O jhumia famili s un ior

vari )us St-^te/bT Pl.'-ris and NEC Plan will h^ve l>u-en rehabi li tat ♦

This me ns that a Itttlu over 4 .2 8 lakh f'^mill>.s will still

cruitinue jhutnint . an I a pr''»; ramme f )r thuir rc-h d. ilitation wi 11

have lo be Irawn up. It may bu n ^ted' in this c <nn. ">ti >n th- t

the existing sohtimes for c ditr >1 of shiftln,/ cu ltiv ti n ^n i

rahabilitati:in jf jhumia famili .s have thre.. dlstlnot aspects

;- 93- i

viz. (q) rehal')illtatton if fRmilius ; (b) clevol )pment

of their economy; and (c) provision of high technolr^gy anvl

capt'tal j,nvGst.munt., All thooti makG tho schumos VGry cxpGnstvG

and with the rGSoui'ce constraint, it becomes almost impossible

t ) take up such schemes on a wider scale for larger coverage.

In this context the programme of doing away with jhuming has to

be pursued realistically. In the Immediate future for bulk of the

area improvement of pro'iucti )n anc3 productivity without necessar—

1 Ly doing away with jhuming has to be studied, S )me e x p u r l.raent

made support the conclussion th t even within the preserit

techniques of jhuming operation, tPiereis scope for carrying

out such improvements, ICxperts may develop necessary pr :>grammes

based on this approach taking local soil, vegeiation, rainfall,

crip cycles, complementary programmes of animal husbandry,

horticulture pastures, fodder etc.

13, The Task Force on Shifting Cultivation has estimated

package of measurc.s f or ruhabll itation :)f jhuming f amily on

the basis of Investmont j')attern ''f R% ?0 ,()00/- per family,

on an average. The natur’e oi agricultural oper'ati >ns included

in the package promises adequate and rising scope for improvement

)f the standard of living, flowever, this approach makes the

[jrogrammc considerably cajrltal and technology Intensivu. For

example, on this basis for rehabilitation of 4 .28 lakh jhuman/j

families during the time frame of 20 years, a target for reh.^b-

illtation >f ?1,400 families per year would emerge. This

implies avallabllty )f resources of the order of Ite, 64,20

cr'ores per year aggre-gating te. 12B4 crores for 20 years. It is

very d-:)ubtful if resources of this nature would be a v a i l a b l e .

14, Apart from the difficulty about obtaining' re>sources,

It is also not known whether the technilogy for th(> ] ackage

of me'^sures w :>uld not be much Ln advance of the present Llle

sizyles of the communltdes, With all pressure for exte^nsion,

c immunity participation, eic. the llmltat.lon jf numb'^r of trained

workers arid also of the vlelivery system )f inputs has ti be kej^t

in mind. We have also to onsider that an Inadequate or hal td n,

pr'gramme may lead the cmmunities in a stale which is even

worse than what, they ai e having t ,) undc-rgc) at |ires(?nt and

would re’iiuee the pros|.^eot of success f)l’ sunh nu^asures in the

:-94-xI ■■

firtur:. It 13, thoT.er-MV, f r-.Hvai >n wtuythc.r p^ckn-.:: ni.

' (t\|: ^surus iriv O v i r i n n . l lesM ’ dvMriuuvl ^

>f In.'Uts •)ly, t m .f suitcdss , C ’ricc !;tû'îly tti'- i r jCG - ' 1 ^

I'hi'Hi j in;'r V'-nvn'it’ , H-n''j t > :,«>-t ti Rti. n ;\vi?5 r| 1 ^fr >m i^hnt 7 I;

mu'nt Knd in'th.: 'f,5rtib>r .>ur ..ff'jrtji in w L'v lu limits: j t

in4 n little hi :h 'st'im-iapil •'it I ’vln,: th-vi, ' li ■.?

,,.ui--t1 :)n ,)r )vl(U t lo -vla: it t n Hubn;;iu. nt. 9 t u ;, furth^

:i.,vul j.mic-nt )f - C)nH,.lcu.us st-nl-r.l f f^T which, U

■ m.^nrrtime, lue t . the snno.= ss .T Ihu m.-suro5 f')r n.h iLi 1 i t - ttpns 'thcI

the cru U 1/-ihlll ty f ill*. i.rranmi :3 p rticli I hy thu c Dmnainlty

tni^ht l)u f .rthc nrilufci t > grc «i,.T mu 'Stir -. Expurtn rriMy thpn h'we?

to dLV/)t<: thiitTisel7-s t - t;VoIvirjf 1 mi-nBuros whlch lb>

' ot tho ;)rder >f Hs. 3,000/-^ to Rs. 1 0 ,0 'vl/- ‘^r fnwtay which wpuld

ruducQ* the c- jjlt '1 InveBtmc.nt' tp )ne thir.t.f Mor i thni:}

-imourit ..;f rusnurc^.B to In. comml tt..l to this pi’OKr'imiru- tha nature

j f. the p-ick'-igu of t,h : would ruqulru l:)(,'.--il virL'atl jji t<> bu

studied In dotnil nn 1 c nBi t^r-bLo rcfin. m nfc f >r ^d'lptation wd

a Is :> f )r inii DVR ti -)n. ■ ' '

1S. Th‘i hlghfc.’st pri ority should b.: givt nf.^r oonservotl >n

of the natural rt S )urcjb such as land, wati-r-, biological res^)Urces

etc. thi’ M.i h ap^pr.v^rl 't »n»asurt:S,. \a ihunimln,': 1^. " compl'^x

pr.-b:i m It w mll b0 -n.'c : s ry to intuntîf:/ th ;- studies i-y vari us

I.search >r,,am s .i. such as TC a., rn-th Eastern Hill Univrrsltv,

Tribal Rescaroh Oentr.i., N^ti-nal Institute- 'f Rui’al Dovul n>ment

etc. The m^d :1s beifuK developed by the IC.Ui resear('h complex f ->r

the : .ix at r ^-clirnatic z :>nes identlflod in the rei ;i >n need

c-reTul adopt!-^n leased ni local sltuatl ns >f micr'^-w-t.^rghedsv

As jhummint', will conti nue far s -me more yârs t > c )me, possif)le

im, r'vements in the system of jhumia: f -r m »re economic benefits

ad! 1»>SB damage to the eco-system also sh luld be developed an4

" ^pulnris(:-d. The td.chnlqu.es t i tonsure fulJ. partici|)ation 3f the

jhummiao f-. r the /-radual chanpe over to madern metli eis -o4 ^:)^Ticultur

sh )ul 1 als'; be d-jvt-’ioptd. The N >rth E''Stern I'ill Uni Vv..-rsi ty

omphasisln.,' the n -e \ f -r gradual change has 'bseryed thot if th ..

rl :ht^V )V :r ' lan.' f i-h. ' c rrimuni ty or-y h>n air* d ,■ which is .f the.

brjsic distin, :uishin;, ft'- tures :.f shiftin;, cultivatian, th j physical

res >urce- ease f -. r un.e. r :■ kin.., . b v-l g-'muiit pr'. gr' riimes f .)V these

communit.ies will be iinr than at:.qu'v;:, . Th ur'h shifting cultivation

h^s b. en Accept.>^s th. irnj:ir problo-n Ir ^h ; ti'i al areas rf the

N-rth East, bh . in *act f various sch-.mes lu in p ir:'[)lernented are n :t• - <J tJ ; d 0 » rf - ' S . , r ♦ ■ . . . . , . » ■ . . . . . . .

:- 9S- ;

readily available. It is esscjnbial tj uvalvu a suitabi.e mechanism

f or J u" t i 'in anr* rnonjtnrln;^ )f the schemes ,<el.ng taken up in thie

regi m by vari ms agencies. As a short-term programme improv(3ment

in the 'lifferent cr ),)s grown should be eff ected with cr :)ps havin^g

d ifforent growth pattern tr.) provide the fiel'ls continuous cov^r,.

and ils'.' which w il l [)rovide organic mat.t«?r and hel]) in fixing;; inti')-

gen. Intr )ti;untion of fast growing species suitable for the area

also should ])e tr ied . Simple soil c)ns>:rvation measures like Pu*.’rto

Fiico aystum of terracing should also be p )pularised in th‘3 jhum

fiel 'ls , Tlie best practi.ces lieing followe i by some )f the jhunimi is

an] results of research on Jhum practices should be popularised

thr m,,h intensive extension work,

W atL'Tshtd M inagement

16 . The programmes for shlfi.ing cultivators sh >uld ])e proc • K-d

by careful and detailed planning. Micro waturshed units ; r a gr u,)

)f hillocks may be taken ras a urrit for detailed project f jrmulati m

It w jul 1 bij pr«?fereable if ethnically homogeneous habitats ard

t' .kon f >r this purpose sincv: it will help in meaningful o nnmunic^-

tion, e^'sier deci sion-making and eff jctivu implementaidon. A mul.ti.-

dlscipllnary planning- tenm should undertake quick '"’n l not necessa-

ri ly too p iphisticated project preparation f >r each micr ' are' in

cl )se C''»llab'>ration with the peor)le, pri-'Senting systeiiic?ti cally

befjre them the various al tfjrnati ves '^ni sensitisin/-^ them about the

consequences of soil erosi rn and desertif 1 cati vn v;hlch they are

already f !ing or may be facing s ‘)on. The teau may comprise exo rts

fr^m agriculture, horticulture, forestry and animal husbandry

besides a soci^L scientist. The project sh')Uld t.nvi sag . c )mprehensiV'

planning including economic as well as social Bc^rvices, Thus

instead )f sectoral programme fir increasing pr )ducti )n by ado;)t1ng

irrigati in, hi;^h yic^lling varieties of se^jds, S3il conservati' n

measures cand cr'gjoing programme, affoj’estati jn etc., a fomily

iriunto .i package jf iirogr' .mme based on wat- rshe*! i,j[)r:>nch may 2

implemented] in an integrated manner. It the watershed ap roach,

plannin.i is .lone at the grass ro")t level upw^r ls ani all avail-ible

rus tur’Ous art? studied for their well plarmed development f )T’ comm

good and foi’ ec m )mlc pr'osperity r>f the villages. Opt i ni aati on d

pr )duct inn vf f )orl, fruit, f jdder, fuel, timt>er and we.lf u’e af aJ 1

livln j- beings in the waiershed a 1 >ng with provi,?nti .'n/di^gradati nm

)f land )r w'^st., of w t e r art? thf‘ cardinal prinnl[)ls?s oonsidcrcrl

undor this pr'>gramme.

0 . TRiaaATlON s

As m-::i.xiiTiiuii yield 1b obtained in (â;30 of. wiufct;r

orops, Cor which irrig.i.tlon f.ioilibiea wotild b e .required, more

attenlioii hoi.f:; to be paicl on d eve Lopnient of Irric^-^

not in:'i'^'’t 0-1 arei bb per 0 ib in 197B-79 Wciti approx H

1. kii hoctare out of which 3.92 1 xMi hectares wan reported to

bo from inajor/iiiudium of minor irrif?.ation projects as under s-

( j ) Under Minor irrigation - 2^08 Likli ha.

( i i ) Under Medium and kl.1or ^ lakh' h;uirrigation.

It , therefore, means th:tfc a potenti.ii of. 52.H9

1'’.Jdi ha. iB Bi.iil to bu devt.'loped. This i a bi^' ?a.p and

only part of ib c ai be removed during the VTi .PLuip It has

been Boen from the Plan dooumentB of AeBctm that, only 1.1 i

hjldn ha, 1 ;5 liis-‘-.ly to be broa;’l')b under irrigation during

the vSixth PI--n pe.i iod„ O.ipo.oitv of otlie,r sm U.ler Oonatituent

units w ill be, mu.cl). ies';. In view oT thi^^ Lt is ouggeabed

th-it .n .idditioji.'-l arc i ol t Iw^-st 2*0 1-ikh h in in i.snai/i

ind 1 .00 h^k.h h.; , in other oi;a hes/U'Co, ohoul^B be brought

undtsr irrin-bion lU 1ae it-ion ^ a v i m the Sev.mth P l m ,

OonBiderira the oonstrt^nts i i the deve.lopirênt of iv'rigation

gre '.tû ih.i'nist iie-jde t-' v n to bhc following ?

(a) Setting up ot n^ônr.ite orr micabion for develop-

Tiient of irrig.tb'ôn In iiru.n o i l Prcidts.h, lie .ui-i-laya,

lM> ,a.Land and :4izei>-iu .uid e ureai^thenin,f; of the

Irrigation Obp.xrtmentB in in.vnlpir and rripuraj

(b) In those Srjiates/Union Territories where small

areas are lilcel / to bo bcaiefited by iiinor

s u r f aoe/ground water schemes, it would be

advisable to formulate integratud development

schemes by combining watershed managements power

generatio]!, animal bus band j y, irrigation -nd

agrJ culture?

(c) higiier priority n>:>efis .to be giv-^n bo i-iurveys,

irrvesti^rcitionti and planning aiid douigne of. new

medium and rainor irrigation schemes atleast in

-97

the first two to three years of the Seventh Plan,

flo that adequate nnjuber of wolI>-pianned and techni

cally sound schemes are available for implementation

during the Seventh Plan andl beyond j

(d") since the areas to be benefited by small surface

water schemes are invariably in the valleys and

foot h i l l s , and lik ely to bo out of command by

gravity flow , it w ill be desirable to install micrO“

hy^ropi?iArp3:apl©nts wherever feasib le to talie benefit

of the head availab le . This w ill provide power to

l ift water for irrigation of high lands, l#Lorever

possible , such schemes could be grouped to provide

a grid for power distribution^

(e) at present irrigation schemes benefit, lajss than

2 000 ha, are treated as minor. Since most of the

schemes in North Eastern Region are small in nature,

they usually fall in categories of minor sehemes.

They do not, therefore, cualify for technical assis

tance of Oentral Water Gcnunission, though techni

cally they are equally ciiallenging and costly. The

jvi'orth E ifcL'tern 3t t]i>refore, get deprived of

the latest technological assistance from Central

Water Commission, It is, therefore, recommended that

for the NE Region such minor schemes mjjty also be

eligible for technical a.*.3istance of Central Water

Commission or alternativily NEC which should be

suitably equipped for th purpose^

(f) a special unit for coordination and monitoring;

of irrigation pro.jects neei5a to be created at the

regional level ajid it may \ q attached to NEC Suore-

tariat. This unit could alio keep liaison with

Central organisations and national InstItutd'onfor

arranging training, seminrrs, workshops, etc. to

train the personnel in inv( stigation, planning,

design, constnxctlon and nu magement of irrigation

jchemes|

98

(g ) to i.nsurci upuody al'.i I ioi't Ion oJ n n , iLihI

potontJai .IS wull .b w.rt< i t,

ooituiiand arua d-jviaopuibuh pi'Oiir.Hiijae uhi’uid tio

t(!d to tho coiTvmd a r r n i!i ia'iHtp ot' luinor irrira-

b loM sf houiujd, in adu-i- u-Luji u - - j f . l

j .o b ., i .u u:ly o u n s l r u , u - i ' O |tcis in

Minipu-, H .haiv-Mij b. ,rr x ^ I '-ft in T ri;w r .i r-,i.d

'Ohanrsiri pi'Oji o't If'

(h ) aBSCiSoment and' di^vclop.aoht' o r ,n " nd-

in the rlvor valleya And foot Ullls ahoutd be givon

priority hoomme tac benefite froi.i Buoh aoliemua

c m bu T' .'.liei'd without tivr.o isig.

1. TTORTICULTmtE ;

The North Bautern R.jfiion with unique divecoity

or aproo l-li.i-tic oonditlono, .Mibitudjonai vuriationu and wi-U

diatributod rainr xil grown .. .riot, oi' ITalt-. ..net r.ftotablffl.

AROording tc. a ,-,tmdy oondaoted by the National Productivity

Council , about 7 1 thous'ind heoiares arc under o u ltiv .bion of

fruits with an ii\niial prodnoiion of 6 .3 4 tonnus. Tho ruinu.a

avorage production of a fow lirportc.nt hortioultaral produce

of the region is indicated in th<5 t ible !k:Low .

T.tblo - 5

8256

164953 9°'®

32429 '55

n .M ,

Pine; ip pie

Orange

(xingMr

P o t a t o _

Soui-ce !- Study of Marketing of nort.LOultural Product!) inME Eegion , Nc.tional ProduotiTl t}r i^ouncil.

■-1 9 . ........................... /.ccording td a burvcy conducted by OPTEI in

1977-78 the Worth E.isrtern Roglon proraiceo 4 . 1 2 lakh tonnes

of vegetables and 9,000 tonne.) of cbi.i-lien. The productivity

r ito of most of the horticuitural prodiiou haa buen rithor

Jaw. The avaragu yield of pineapple fer hectare is only aboit

6 tonnes which is mainly due to the prevailing primitive

pla.iitj.ng system. In case of citrus, there has been rapid de-

oxi-jiu .lii productivity, particularly in parts of Meghalaya,

AB&imi and Tripura, According to an TOAR study the reason for

sucfi decline are genera], neglect, undesirable inter-*cropping*

imprdiper spacing and infection. In the case of pofcato also,

althoup.h the yjeld rate has increased substantially during

the five year period from 1973"'70» i-'t bao been still far

below the all India levol„ As against the all-India nverage

yield of 12812 Kg per hectare, the average yield rate in the

North Eastern Region is only about ‘5900 Kg,

20o The NPC survey report identifies few basic problems

in reg ird to development of horticulture in the region, These

include (.1) absence of marketing network and marketing inte-

lligenoe, ( i i ) absence of rjales promotion activity, (l i i )

ahoenco of outfifiurit doni'dHtlo market and (iv) inadequate

storage facilities, AJ.though the upper ridges of the hill

n .r o a a of this region provide scope for cultivation of .i niuu'fer’

of cash c ’-’ops and nut fruits, very little har so f ir been

done f'u* promouion of tiiuso crops,

2 K Processing of hortioultural produce is one of the

effective measures for growth of hortioalture. This is more

triK) in relation to the North Eastern Region, However^ tiie

present status of the Fruit Processing units in the region-

theru are about 30 3uch units - is not encouraging. The

capacity utilisatlon in respect of almost all the units is

vi3ry low, man;-igemtnt .and q.ual.ity control arrangement v/erik

and marketing faciMti.eo inadequate. Naturally thesu iniits

have not been able to make much imi)act on the development

o f hort ic ult L i r e ,

E, ANJM.iL ITUSBANDR:.' s

2 2 , Oorarnentinn on the potential for developmimt of

anJmal Imsbandry i i the iWi Hegi >n, the National Oomiiiisa.i m

of Agricu.i.ture obscirjed

;- 99- :

’’ Tn Yiuw of bliu t rad It I otiil dcjpondenou (3l rural

tribal popul itiori nr llvoytook f their isjrai-bein/ ., lar-t-

GoriHUuipt Lon potiint i alj abûnoe of luy ountlniunbB rug irdin -,

alau^htur th it hâp in oalliag and i-ainin'tion of l)e:iov/

stand ird at'ioic, re id i n.jos to adopt iciprovod iii rbhodo, resonrc-oB

available by way of feeds, f odd or : md gi’ isaoa, the region

has liiimenGe potentialities for rajjid deval-^pniont in li^/os •

took production,"

2'5, In terLifs of nuiabui’, thtj llvtjotook popuiatijn )f tho

ro ’/i on is indeed l« Lr(;0 '-nd icoountB f :;r an.i.mai Jiaobandi’y ocou—

pying an iiaport.mt plaou in tho economy of this rogi'::/no ■»-£

against bhe xJl-OndlL avurago of 29 cn.tbl,G per 100 ut opl'-i

the rep;ion is h ving 3 '> oattie f )r 100 'ih*.- :ivu.ragc‘

nuiiiber of pigs per hundred puople in th- rtgion is :,).5 0,0

agajnst the all-Indio ^worage of 1. Ewun in assfim and Tripura,

where the number is relo.tivoly less, it is n>;arly d niblo per

hundred porple is ?A wht.'roafj in Ajunanh J Pridesh ib is 1 j*5

birds, follovt;d by Mjizoi’of.i v/i.th 272 birds ind E-.g ,lind v;ith

119 birds, Assaiii, Meghil.;iya, Manipur and Tripura vs ith '>0, 3O5

211 and 35 resole biv^dy, Thusj in numurie il strvngth, bne

livi:st ok j)"'oulM.t ion civc;r.igo is riuoh tiigiier bh-Ui bhe alJ,~

Indio, av . ra '.e,

24, The piobui’e in r . g rd to ’Drodrcti a: Is n t, hav>/o-\ei,

quibe satisf Aotory, With. 80,65 I'lh. boaJs i Oattie nd Buffal:)

bhe pr-'ductlon )f i ilk (.in 1976 ' 7 7 ) i-'i -'bhA:. rogi'âi 'nl,y

about 5.39 loJLh tcnnv:s, SlMilaily, pr d ic Gi:n of ^ggs in

the aiv,i0 peri d v?as ^82.3^^ million J .h oig 1 the t .t-,1 luiuiber

of ])0ultr3’’ birds and duolrs \f scientific

and modern syston jf re iring thc pr'dii.ati'/uty r; .te hog not

rugisturod an\' oignifioant incre '.so aith- ai-,h the potiaitial

exists.

25# Health care <)f the livestDck popul. tion his impr')ved

only marginally 'ovor the last tuo Plan per iods. Biro the covo-

r ige is hit ill below the re quired J.evel, For such a large

livestock population the existing medical cover facilities

in the region, particnlarly in the context if widely dispersed

p^puLati in and difficult terrain with undei-developud coumuni-

cation, is not adequate. An idea of the inBtitutional

faoilitieo which exist on the ground can bo had from the

following table i

Table - 6

State/IJT No, of vet. Hospitals/ ô , of Vet, Aid Dispensaries Mobile jjCentres, __DiB£ensar ies. _________

Assam

Manipur

Meghal;.xya

Nag§Lland

Tripura

Arun-achal Pradeah

Mizorûa

293

83

51

70

33

69

- m

314NA

70

4-5

30226

Source i- State G-overniaenta and Union Territories

26* Becauae of favourable agro-olimatio conditions,

this region has plenty of natural forage consisting of peren

nial and annual plants, trees, bush and grass# Although

ICAH has identified a number of local perennial and annual

grasses which rggenerate oven after frequent fire ind

grazing not much work in the field has been done to propagate

these fodder crops. Besides, there is -jK/'ast jjotontiality

igricultioral by-products in the region which has not been

fully tapped, Paddy straw contains 39^ digestablo nutrient

and the estimated production of paddy straw in the regi m is

63B3 thousand tonnes* The harvesting pattern, does not

le.'ive scope to fully utilise this,

F. FISîBRr :

27, Fish is an important protein supplement in the

average diet of the jjeople in Assruii, Manipur and Tripiu’a and

it is popular also among the people in hill areas. There is

vast water area available for Fish cu]tl^re as will be seen

in the table below t

L -

3 t ■■tu/OT I T-t a ouit.l-'' bJ :> fiool ' nr' i iU'Oa Gnil/'hle fr3V ’i - ^ ^ j i:;,- B,l.tu U.Bh

" 7

r

I ’lblo f )r fiah

hrmuxG lial Prn.a u sYi 71CK.)

rrofii3 1/ Friraiiv^,

0

AuD:lin

Mai li pur

MoghaJ.^iya

Miriorajfl

Na/'.aJ.and

TripuraTotal

1 , C5000

1 9 8 6 8

347*3

400

„ -22I4__ 2 0 8 6 1 ?

?500,42000

1 6 5 0 0

213NA

NA

500 "1 E I 7 1 3 ■

aoo 8,500 1,170

567 400 280

. ___________________16, 1 9 1

Soiirne J- Baciio BtatigticB of JME Huf\ion, 19B2*

Thu cliiiiatio oondifcJ ons '-ru alGO nuitablu for larg'-' bo ilu

piHcioulturo,

28, Howevejr, there .?aru aumber of oonBtrainty in

regard to flL-.htry doviaoprnunfc. Tho variable climate •ind alti

tude within th • s imo State nuoea£i.i-titca adoption of difierurib

technologies for different areas. Socondly, the oooio-oc0Jio.i c

condition of the pO)ple i.iakes i difiiealt t‘or introuuo bior

)f nodo.’ n teabnol (*;j proct7 o ' •> ■■01 il I; ish 1

I>ue to )\igh rainfall, ind annual ooeurr aice rl''Od ooupre--

iiensive water are. in the j)l.ii:iB t3ui.tr.b:tu for piwoioultni'e

is }eft nn“ utilised, Sc-.i jnoifio uieth 'dr5 of i.i-jh lariiing hous

developed only on a very limited soale, T' ' comprehensive

programme for ntili ;.^ation of aubot 'ntiillY L^rgo wator areo

for dovelopiaenb of fisb. Iiae b en t iken up in the atate seo--

tor mainly duo to paucity ';f ’tujide iMii iil^s toe Fisheries

Department in the con&tituont uni bo o.r '. in a bod ly neglected

state a.nd ire v/eaii. in tornie of on nuiaber • >f Fitaff as well as

expertise, ........................................

29. It is, therof're', 'tofc notur a th i.t piscioulturo

in the region has "been 3,agging behind. For instance, in Assam

with a totiil river length of about 4500 Kins and 1,42 lalcii

of ^- ter area provided by boels and ponds, the average annual

1-103-s ;

fiah production io only 42,000 bonnoB. As against this, the

state's requirement is estimated at more than 80,000 tonnes

per year. Similarly, in Manipur out of a toto,l of 16500 ha

of feoel and lalce water area, only 3700 ha have been put under

fish oiilliure. The Stale's ;:innual fish production is estimated

at 4000 t mnes as against the annual requireuent of about

10,000 tonnes,

G. M BCETIN G AND STORAGE s

30, Agrioultuxal Marketing has not really developed and

the required base and infrastructural facilities for organised

marketing and storage have not developed. In the remote hil fe

areas agricultural marketing is still in a rudimentary stage*

There are only 183 aseembling markets and 5 principal markets

in the centre region. While in Assam, there is a market for

every 9,000 ha, <irea in other units, it is available for im.

area ranging between 35,000 to 50,000 ha. Except Assam, the

other State/TIT Gnyt. h.avQ not bo far availed of the atisistance

under the Central Schofê f.)r development of selected regul.itL'd

markets in backward areas. Financial assist ince under the

scheme for development of rural, primaiy and secondary mo.rkets

aJ.ao have not flov/n into this region on any appreciabJe sca]^

Road linkages between the villages and the priLia,ry markets are

hopelessly poor, as a result of v/hich between 46 to of

the total arrivals in primary ma.vkets are carried on head

by the producers. Storage facilibies in the rural areas

and in the primary markets are t.ither tot lly absent or are

extreamely Inadequate, The regien has only 7 oold storages

with a total capacity of 6453 Icnnes, Till 1979, about

450 rural godowns were construcii3d in the cooperative soc-

tor. The storage capacity built up by FGI (3.;^'5 tonnes)

is not enough even to meet the Gfjrporation' s requirement. In

the absence of a dequate and projêr storage fiiciJitis, the

pjst*-harvest loss )f rojdgrajno lias boem conslderable-the per-

oentagt) of loss of foodgrains in the region is reported to

be filgher than the estihialed nat I mal avera/ê of 6 , 5B i. In

reg.ird to la-arketing of fruits, t>. = spoilage on transportatiLn ,

which varies between 35 to 51^, lu i.s boon a big constraint.

Although 0?TR1 has, after undert= il • ing necessaiy trials, sugges

ted appropriate methods of trans h rfcati. ri bo reduce the spoi-

lage percertage, these have not brn- n tried on wide scale*

U . \ has Lc l aat ihni. has l:.o be rioi.ed 1 nil Id liy is that

iuspit.^ c)f til'- re'|.i(.n:i t.RLiig ] .rodoniinent ly ruial and agricul-

tur-il/ witii an ec'ônomy whicti i:s aimost t o ta l ly agrarian/ it

has buen a d ;:f-i-:it bot h ia r- ; ird i:r' tend crops aa well

an moRt. other a i i i c u l t u L a l produ^'ts. The mnrt; fact that for

a populal ion of 265 iaKhs whom ntârly 'H I .2 8 % diiêotly '* r

Lndi rer-'tly depend on fn|i'ioult.uiG, a ‘i nmcli ; s in l ixh tonru'a

(thJ.s is the figure for l'^-::n-'34) of food grains have to be

brongl-it in from outside annually speaKS of tne grossly anoma-

iouB sit:uation ihat obtains in the f ie ld ">f agriculturt: in

this region . I t also uudei scort.^s the imperative nt;ed to dep.velop

agriculture with the primary ob'ject oi malci nc/ tlie region gene

rally s e l f - s u f f ic i e n f . This would have the national exchaquie

a Tvta Tgering sum-i:akj ncf the avf^?rage cost:, transportat.j.on and

subsidy on foodgrriiais supplied tiirough Ihti PDS roughly

Rs* 5 0 0 , 0 0 per tonne/ it makus a tot.al rif ';s. SO crores per yeai'.

in such a s it u a t io n eirid Keeping in view rv^source endowments

s ub sta n tia l ly high inviistment in the sector w i l l be j u s t i f i e d

in the Seventh P l a n .

32 . Second Ly, thcj r e g i o n 's antic ipated requirement of

foodgrains by the end of 1990 w i l l be of tlie order ol o2 ,67

lakh tonnes. This f ig u r e has iD en worked out on the basis of

estimated piO]:)U latio n o f 3 6 .1 3 m illion by the teiTninal year of

Ihe Seventh P lan . Any strtitegy for development of at^riculture

in the region during tlie Seventh Plan vfLll/ t-.heiefore, have to

take cart, of this impoi'tant f.'ic’t .

-'3.3 , Rrradly the following a n â-: pec if ic , nrodel;; and s trate

gies of developmerit in th..-‘ agriculture and allie-.d s.ictor may

be considered : (i) In areas v/ith sparstj population but having

p l e n t i f u l forest and water rusouices pr''igr;,immes f ‘-r horticultur«

deI '^pmtrnt and other less .iabcûi intt nsive schemes may be

taken up. This i s -i I eT'

d T i U T E G Y FÔR otilVE H TM PL..\JSI

*60% are cult.ivators ; 9 . 2 /c. are agricuj tur.? 1 labourers;

8^ depend on occupations conn'-^cted with a g r ic u ltu r e .

apxjlicable in relation to the areas boyona an altitudo of

4000 ft above MSL in Ariinaoha], Pradeshj Nagr-l.and and Mizoranu

( i i ) In areas Uaviii^ ir r i^a t ljn f.ioilibioB find, adef^nate laboujTi

intenyive food production nchemes have to bo evolved. This

: :i l l suit bho conditionB in AsBajn, partB of Manipin*

and Tripura, the fo )thills bolt of Amnaoha:' Pradeeh,

Naf/aland and Meghalaya, ( i l l ) In labour scarce area with

plenty of pastui’e Ifind, aniivial husbandry schemes w ill be

ideal . This w ill ;.aB0 apply to .ireas in Arunachal Pradesh,

Nagalo,nd and Mizoram. It is essential that factor andow-

ments are woven into a pattern of cornxDleiaentari^y of econo

mies, rather than eveiy part of the region competing with

the other in development in a ll sectors.

34. The following strateg^y for development of agricul-

tiiTi) in the region during the Seventh Five Year Plan is

suggested.

(i ) The main thrust should be on incre.ising the

level ,;f production and the of productiviby.

Experiments conducted by ICAH have established that

with the apijlication of right input packn.ge and

technology the yield rate of paddy in Assam can be

raised :"’r' ia 17^ to 48 ;- and that in Nagaland from

3010 . to 35^. It has also been establisheci that

the x^otential yie'Jxl of paddy in Assam can bo raised

to 47 qtls per ha. In Arunachal PrJ?desh 4O qI Ib per

hectare and in Meghalaya 34 (itls per hectare^ IVen

if it is diffioul.t to attain the level, a 50^ rise

over the present levels of x2:’odixctivi ty in the

region should be aimed at so that by tlie term.i.nal

year of the Seventh Plan, the levu] of foodgrains

jjroduction goes up by additional 20 laJch tonnus.

In that case tlie region oi\ti hope bo be o I f s u f f i

cient. The problem of raising tlie production level

as well as the productivity rate is laultifaoeted

and would, tliereforo, oaJ.l for multi-pronged mea

sures. Some of these measures can be introduction cl'

location spec a fie technology, adequate paok.'ige of

input mix, iLiprovement of the cropping pattern,

105 -s

ef fe c t iv e evtension s e r v i c e s # a v a l L a b i l i iv

of credit, etc , ihe aveiage sii?:Q ol holding

being imaJi, u/ould not permit machanised

cuitiv-'itionc Ten d i f f e r e n t types of agiicul-

tura] tools anc imv'lenienta, suit able tor

this region as iden.ti.fied ty the ICAR Hesearfch

Complex w i l l heli> improve the standard ot

cu it ivatJon Community [:arming may tje promoted

on a wider s c a le . The croppirig pat.tt^rn in Assam,

Manipur and T r i p u r a ' f i r paddy cull ivation can

be substa-itlally improved, Gi\f?n neaet’Saiy

iirigat ion f aciiij. t i e s , thr ee cro{)S of rioo

v i z . Ahu, o a i i and Boro can be r a l s e i . With

the introduction of short duration HYV with

photo sen s it iv ity , r a i s i n g of three crops ot

paddy should be a praci.ical p 'roposition .

( i i ) Technological innovation to tackle, the peculiar

problem of providing i r r ig a t io n in the very

small holdings will have to attempted and a

distr ibutiori system at the farm level >ias to

be designe.i . Perhaps, in such a s itu at io n

■ under ground or burried pipe d istr ib u t io n system

which can be appended to sur iace watei' convcyance

system or by creating a pump op'erativc’ liead may

be -leasible. Howevtir/ u..,j..Lic> -x; the syst.em

may be examined on tlie basis oi economic f.;asi~

bility'.

( i i i ) A separate organisation for development of

i i r i g a t io n in e.ich unit where such f a c i l i t i e s

do not exist be set: up' .md exist organisations

may be st-rengthened . Fu' ther , as most c.'f tiie

i r r ig a t io n schemes are minor iti the region but

equally challenging and co3 t;ly the cr iter ion

of provisions technological assistance fromi

CWC: may be relaxed for ME Region.

(iv) Production and supply of c e r t i f i e d seeds should

get equal p r io r ity so that this input becomes

easily a va i lab le to the farmers in time. Arra

ngement should be made for providing seeds

su itab le for different crops as recommended

by ICAR and the D irectorate of lesearch AAJ,I

A Regional ^eed C e r t i f i c a t io n Agency with the

assistance of National cieeds Corporation should

be created . Foundation Seed Production Farms

and the State deed M u lt ip l ic a t io n Farms have

to be further developed and their management

made more e f f i c i e n t .

(v) Settlement of tribal fam ilies s t i l l p ra c t ic in g

jhum cultivat ion should be a very high p r i o r it y

programme in North East not only for improving

their quality of l i f e but also for checking the

degradation and s o il loss due to narrowing jhum

cycle . The problem was gone in d eta il by the

Task Force set up loy Govt of India in the

Ministry of A gr iculture and it has recommended

in its report (1983) i.hat a Central Sector

scheme with an oullay of U b .7 5 croies should b e

taken up to meet this c ha lle n g e . What w i l l be

the share of NE* out of this programme has not

been mentioned but the report state that 4 .3

lakh families are p r a c t ic in g jhum c u ltivat io n

in North E a s t , The Group reconHnencJs that major

portion of the outlay on the scheme should be

made a va ilab le to States/lJTs in NE as the

problem is most severe in North E a s t . NEC has

proposed a programme for the 7th Plan v;hJ,ch

aims at r e h a b i l i t a t in g additional 1 2 ,6 0 0

families under 21 additional Watershed Manage

ment schemes to be taken up under tlie 7th Plan

the target being 600 fam ilies per p r o je c t .

Assuming the cost to be R s , 2 0 , 0 0 0 per fairdLy,

the programme would involve an estimated

investment of R s . 2 5 . 2 0 Cro iea . Working Group

recommends that s im ilar programmes may be

taken i ip a t 1 a r g t:; r sc a 1 e i. n S t t:. e/UT p 1 a n .

Organisational arrangements will have to be

evolved to c’'o-oi-dlmte uia.l t.i-discipJ.inaL y

,^rti v 't itziS and to prc)vlde a s ingle nt

planning and inoni toting .sysUjiii.

(vl) In view of the impt-rRt-1 ve nufc d to ensure

management of 1 aid fot niaximum output, inoi

so in the nc^rth (.-aatern rc.glon wîere population

preSBuie on ianl his b tn in c t .a s l n g ia s t , it

is sugcfest.ed that: i Regi on-! I leui-'i U.ae/Land

Covior Map should bt: prepared , liand-sat data

for this purpjose shoul'l be cc)ilect ed t.hi oU(jh

remote 3 en:’ing method, I 'inai map should be pre-

p.ired by inte(|rating the qeoloqiriaL, têomorpho-

logicai and land use data ciLready collected

by different a g e n c i e s on the basis of ground

surveys. A recjionai centre oi NRoA should be set

up in the region during the 7tii P jan .

(v ii ) The rate of consumpt.ion oi fert l l lseL is to be

sl^ppeil consIderaihly'* According to ava ilab le

statistic^s the average rons\imptidn of f e r t i l i s e r

per unit of gi'oss cropped area in Cr^se of f iv e

dtates/UTs t’)f the legjon is only 5. 52 kg/lia as

acâii st the a ll india average of 25 k g /h a . By the

end of the beventh Plan the rate of f e r t i l i s e r

use in the region v/ill have to be st;epped up to

atleast 15 k g /h a . A programme for inter^rated

nutrient suyjrjiy by compl imeni.ary use ol minerîl

nitrogeno\iS f e r t i l is e r along with bio-1 e r t i l i s e r

should alao be undertaken. The Reulcnal Centre

for Producd ioiji of B io - fe r t i l is e r at AAU/Jorhat

Should lie adeguately t- 1 rengthened to mt'et ttie

need of the entire region .

( v i i i ) I ’here is a shortage oi weather data reJating

to soil i.emperature, v/i nd velocity , sun-shine

hours a n d lenqth of day etc wItIcIi are important.

............... p>a ramt;nt ers for f.uller. ut :ilisation oi the agio-

climatic conditions of the region . Review of the

e^xisting f a c i i i t i e s with rtderenc’e to the loca

tions i-s rc-'v irt 'd . As suggested by WCA, one a g r i

mat black lor soil temperataie neaSLirem.t nt should

be set up. Uuality control arrangements are l ik e ly

to become a va i lab le in Tripura for serving Tripura

ind Mizoram. Assam h as got its own ■.programme to meet

its requirements . The e x is t in g arrangements in other

units should be reviewed and a total plan tor the

region taken up early . A lso a Regional Centre for

plant protection and quarrantine fo. keeping the InIER

free of p<^sts, diseases and weed which may also be

introduced alongwith s e e d s /p l a n t s /g i a i n s may be e s t a

b l is h e d .

(ix) To provide protection to the marginal and other land,

a progxamme for treatment of such land with better

grass land technclogy and management should be i n

troduced, S im ilar ly the lahd-to-lab programme to

demonstrate the high p o te n t ia l cf new v ar iet ies of

crops should be implemented with co-ordination

between the ICAF . and the extension o f f i c i a l s . Proper

links at the Block, D i s t r i c t and State levels should

be e s tab l ish e d .

(x) To back up the new ag ric ultu ral development

programmes proposed in the Seventh Plan adequate

arrangements for edu('?=»tion and tra in ing of the

required manpower in r e lat io n to these programmes

should be made. A properly developed system for

co llect io n and compilation of agriculture a t a t i s t i c s

for each S tate /U T of the regJ.on must be developed.

h o r t i c j l t i ;r e :

( i ) A s there is vast scope for b r in g in g a large area

under h ort iculture in N E . This can be done by

br ing ing h i l l slopes and marginal areas not f i t

for c u lt iv a t io n under h o r t ic u lt u r e . As per Task

Force report , area under jhuming in hE is around

4 .7 lakh ha . Even i f only 2% o f this area is to

be brought under fru it crops every year, an area

of 9400 ha will have to be brought under horticulture

every year and 7tt> Plan tai'get could be set at

4 7 U00 ha . In a model siiqciested I ’y 1 oi h ilLy

areas , one tliirri of the- slope in tVie middle

portion of tlie h i l l are expected to be fmt undei

f r a it trees , h su itable hack-ap procjramme to

ensure Lha. the eflci t . i ^ f ^he .Thum-l in this

new f i e l d of r a is in g fruJt rrops succeed. Greater

eiuptiasis should be laid C)n c a lt iv a t lo n of hiqh

value , non-perishablG ciops liKe cashewnut,

oooonut, black pepper, cardemom etc.

( i i ) The expansion of area under horticulture will

recpiire larger products on oi p lanting m aterial .

The total requirement of p lant ing material for the

addit ional area would have to be c are fu lly assessed

by ritates/UTs after taking into c o n s ideration the

present a v a i l a b i l i t y from State as well regional

n u r s e r ie s .

( i i i ) Besides exotic I’ruJts , a large number of InGoae-

nous iiuilP. Oi the rt^yloii also need atten tio n .

h ReSfBarch Centre on Indigenous Friiits may be

set up by IC/\R.

(iv) Promotion of marl<eting of h o r t I c u l t il produc ^s

both in fresh an processed forms, should receive

p r i o r it y , shc^uld expand i+s commercial

a ct iv it ie s not only to cover mor- c.reas l u t more

c o m m o d i t l€ s . h net v;o.:k or Crovrecs Co-op(-rat ives In

the );'roducinc area. - s loi Id be ur-> in v./hich

IvF.RAM/iC should provide m.anagt-i i a .■ and tec.h lical

a ss is tan c e . T h e e x i s t l i g processing units in the

region should be strengt.henea to enable them to

raisfcr the product ion capaci ty by atJ.east 40"'c*

during the 7th Plan period . To solve the problem

of marketing of i ha p'lrocesseci produci s, NERAiiAC.

should enter into a buy-l'ack arrangement with

tilese u n i t s . Ttie r e c o m m e n d a t i o n : - of the ("ommittee

constitutfcid by NEC to lock into the p>toble^ms of

the f r u it processing units of the region should

be implemented. Greater stress may be l a id on

-Ill-:

production of concentrat:es from grange pineapple

produced in the region . In this c o n 'ext / the two

fr u it j u i c e concentrate plants - one in Tripura

and the other in Manipur - recoinmended by the

consultancy C ell of the M inistry of Food and C iv i l

supplies should be £ at up in the pu >lic sector

during the 7th Plan p er io d . CFTRI has suggested

19 v iab le f r u i t and vegetable processing units

for NK Region which may be considered for in s ta

l l a t i o n . The estimated expenditure at 1 9 7 7 -7B

price level is about R s .2 c r o r e s .

(v) The y ie ld rate of selected h ort icultural crops

has to be in creased . In case of pineapple whose

present y ie ld is only about 8 tonnes per ha as

against 3 0 /4 0 tonnes in other part of the country,

the y ie ld w i l l have to be ra ised by about 6 times.

T r ia ls coi'\d\irte.d by ICAR have established that it

can be ra ised upto 70 tonnes per ha by adopting

high density plant population and other improved

package of p r a c t ic e s . The main emphasis, should

be to increase the productJvily of this crop

through extcinsioxi 3 . . , , _ r t for transfer of technology

ava ilab le to be growers cilong with necessary i n s t i

tutional c re d it support.

(vi) The d e c l in in g productivity of citru. fru its has to

be tackled by adopting co rrect ive measures to

irriprove the productivH :y on the lines recommended

by the ICaR programmes for r e ]uven^tIon of decJin~

ing c itrus orchards in the problem areas of the

constituent u n i t s , should be taken up both by the

State departments as well as by NEC.

(v li ) C u lt iv atio n of high value non-perishable horticul-

tural crops l ik e cashewnut, coconut, black pepper,

cardamon etc should be taken u}) In a h i g scale In

s u it a b le areeis of the region . Fullest atl’ rantage

of the development programmes taken up by the

Coconut lievelopment Board, the Cv-irdamon F^Orird and

Qt iphe s u b sld 7 ava ilab le dndter thfe 3ect oi

3 ctêine foi cashewnut. shrniM' âken

by th e 'r e y ip n whix’h wotild |vrfe;'yiri®, a ' tcint:ia.l

, :)Lri ' pinp to tlietn. 1"be criniim/dily Boarrif? aei

, lip Regional of tices in the irevîon a^l^quat e

extension suyport 4 m c^rrantjemewi. toi,, i tutional

credit wherever required should be made B y U h e

;. i t at e Gove^ niriei it s . '

( v i i i ) In the case of potato the y ie ld ral e ha^ 1 o be

increased hy tvjo tirneH fiorn the presejnt ^ratn of

S900 kg.s ha, an the all India r ile it> I 4B I 2 Kg&

ha . Thir^ will necessitate iacqer prodyction oE F»I

and iVtl found.itioh seed . The leyei , of

oi F~i and F-1 1 seeds sjjiOmid be raised to atleast

4000 l.onneti per annum which i^ the eBtlmated re-

rfiiirejTieni hy ;1990. This should be attem]-ted by ex

panding the e:xistinq foundation seed farm and

sett.ing up of. new ones, M'he £av6 urab)ic- ^llwritic

conditions prevai 1.iiig .i n the medium and high

hi 1 .1 s ot the region should be exploited by the

. National Seed Corporation f<a- produc?tibn of various

.seeds f 01 the national market.

(ix^ The constituent states AiTs should ' ^ a g n pri ori ti es

for hort icu ltural development ]:>rogrammes in the

7th PLan and strengthen ttie horticul turai ■ extension

organisation adequately fcr e f fe c t iv e im.plementation

of the progi amme.

‘ 1

a n i mal I

(1) Area s p e c i f ic programme for development of Ani.mgl

Husbanîry may be taken upj - in the hiqhei region

of Arunachal Pradesh with development of transport

animal of local br-eds l ik e Yak, i'ony etc and in

other lower reaches of the region cattle tor

extensive milk and milk products as well as meat

prodi.ction liave to be attempted. A b ig integi ated

animal husbandry jiroducts complex for pioduction

of milk products and pi'ocessed meat should

considered in the lower b e lt of Kc-meri D i s t r i c t

of Arunachal Pradesh with market linkages in the

valley area of ’-'hLCh can meet about 2' 'fA of

the r€.gion's total need of these proaacts ,

rph^ yield rate in respect of mi.lK, meet and eqg has

to be increased snbFtantiall y . Th i£? w ill c a l -1 xcr

more s c i e n t i f i c manayement of cattle and farii and

improvement in the/system of feed ing . There should

be greater concentration on mixed forages rather

than feed concentrates . Ent.cjrpi ises for feed pro-.

duction u t i l i s i n g lo cally a va ilab le and c u l t i v a b l e

crops . In the feeding of domestic animals a. progranwe

for production of grasses in fJus.h season and braves

in lean months supplemented by area and brr,;\vary

wastes. The results of the extensive tr ia ls and

special stvidies made by 1 0 . cn local iolidg^.s \nd

on growing fodder l e g u m e s on the vertlceJ face of

ter races should be introduced in the f.ield or*

larger s c a le .

( i l l ) B’or piggery development, the three-tier system of

p ig production evolved by should be exlansi-

7 .,ly arlcD--J in th- nrll ■ rens. Tlie system consists

ot (a) maini:enance of coloured exotic and lo-.a'’

3 wine germplasm in locations where pure Lin , b l e e d

ing is practi.ced^ (b) cross-l'reeding between exotic

and local greeds at the farm level a-id (c) fat>ien-

ing of cross bred p iglets in small numbers ny nm- 1 L

farmers for sa 1 e «

(iv) Health care of live;3tock should be given spsciaJ

s tre ss . According to an fC,-\l< study, 6 3 , ^ 5 f e i c e n t

of the d isease that a f i l i c t the li ' /estock popula^-

tion are sp e c i f ic diseases like bacterJ.ai, virr.i,

p a r a s it ic , FMD e c c . , 2 B .94% are non-S].ecif 1 r

diseases and 1 (fA are surgical conditions , a

short term measure are Animal Heal -h tlenl.rfi wi cli

a senior s c ie n t is t and supporting terhnii:;a I 3 t_:ff .

should be set up in each of the constituent, uni.,

e ither under ICAR 's re^earcli prograrnn.e of Central

s-114'

r f e c h o r p i o q i a m m e d u r i n g t l i e 7 t h P l a n f o r d e t a H e d

r e s e a r c h o ' i l i v e s t o c k h e a l t h . T h e n u m b e r o f v e t e r i

n a r y H o s p i t d l s / D l s t > e n s a r i e s / A i d C e n t r e s i n t h e

r e a l o n s h o u l d b e d o u b l e d o v e r t h e e x i s t i n g n u n i b e r

d u r i n g t h e S e v e n t h P l a n . T h e t a r g e t s h o u l d h e t o

h a v e o n e v e t e r i n a r y a i d C e n t r e f o r e v e r y 5 0 0 0

l i v e s t o c k p o p u l a t i o n i n t l i e p l a i n s a n d f o r e v e r y

3 5 0 0 l i v e s t o c k i n t h e r e m o t e h i l l a r e a B .

( v ) i m p r o v e m e n t o l t t i e b r e e d o f c a t t l e i n t h e r e g i o n

n e e d i ! u r g e n t c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n v i e w o f t h e g r a d u a l

d e c l i n e o f d r a u g t t a n i m a l a n d d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f t h e

s t o c k , A l o n g t e r i n a p p r o a c h :i s e s s e n t i a l f o i A n i m a l

B r e e d i n g p r o q r a n f n e , ^ f e w nuilt i-d l.scl p . l . inary p r o

je c t ;? h a v u t o b e t a k e n ;ip c o v e r i n g t h e d i f f e r e n t

s p e c i e s ol farni a n i m a l s . K a c h oi t h e s e p r o j e c t s

s h o u l d b e b r o a d l y p a t t e r n e d a f t e r iht: A l l - I n d i a

C o - o r d i n a t e d R e s e a r c h P r o j e c t s o f ICAR v /ith

s t r o n g p r a c t i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n t o l o c a l c o n i U t i o n s

i n t e r m s o f Viousi.ng# f e e d i n g e t c „

ivl) On going I ' . r o g r a n n e s a.-*ining at upgrading oi animal

breeds cai. ■ for consoli iati on toi producting

improve] breeds ol cattle inc luaino iMithun, P ios ,

C o a t s , '‘oiil t.'. y, cVs and Fish etc ,

( v i i ) F o r b e t t e r , a n i m a l n u t ' i t i o r * f e e l c o n c e n t r a t e d

m i x i n g p l a n t s a r e s u g g e s t e d .

( v i i i ) E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f o n e m o d e r n l a r g e s i z e m e a t p r o

c e s s i n g p l a n t i n t h e r e g i o n i s a l s o s u g g e s t e d .

F r S i l K R I E S s

( i ) D e v e l o p m e n t o f F i s h e r i e s i n t h e w a t e r a r e a s n o w

u n d e r c o v e r o f p a r e n n i a l w e e d s .

( i i ) D e v e l o p m e n t o f f i s i i e r i e s i n V^ater r e s o u r c e s o f

LirM4A a r e a s o f T r i p u r a a n d s l m i l B r a r e a s s p r e a d

.................. b e t w e e n h i l l o c k s - , ....................

( i i i ) D e v e l o p m e n t o f r e s e r v o i r F i s h e r y .

(iv) Expansion of f ish seed production programme :

(a) Bundh breeding for f ish seed production ;

(b) Air b leed ing f ish seed production ;

(c) Production of local better v ar iet ies f i s h

seed in the Region.

(v) Development of integrated f ish farming p ro je c t :

(a) Poultry/Duck-cum-fish;

(b) Pig-cum-Fish;

(vi) In the simultaneous method of paddy and f is h

culture the y ie ld of f ish ranged from 200 to 300

Kg per ha in four months p er io d . The growth of

f i s h in the same f i e l d did not affect the y ie ld

of r ice adversely . The same results can be expected,

from foot-hills of upto 5 ,0 0 0 f t . above sea level

in a l l the h i l l States of the reg ion , A cost

b e n e f it analysis indicated that the Income from

fish egualled that Iiom paddy , h supporting

operation research project on this culture at

regional level should be undertaken.

(v i i ) Survey of the f is h fauna of the NEH Region with

-special reference to their economic importance may

be undertaken. The avaJlat)le species of f i s h in

this region should be catelogued their economic

assessment made and i>otentiality i d e n t i f i e d . Mean

while the 13 important lo cally ava ilab le f ish

species i d e n t i f i e d by ICAR should be propogated

w idely .

A G R I C U L T U R K MA^<K1 ^ T I N G A M D _ S T ( jR /^ G E :

The Approach Paper to the Seventh Plan lias la id

considerable emphasis on post harvest assistance for small

farmers and farniers in d i f f i c u l t areas l ik e the NE Region.

It has been suggested that the ent.ire range of a gricultu re

and related f i e l d s , warehousing and storage , marketing

are credit should be given p r i o i i t y in the 7th Plan both

for susta in in g a better di.s tributi on system and ior meeting

the input needs of the farmers. Following s p e c i f i c courses

of action are suggested for the 7th iHan in this sectors

S - 1 1 5 - :

(1) Tti view of non-ava 11 abi i it y of reJ table data re

quired foi plannlny tor d o v e .1 opnient of iTiarkettng

ini rasiructure , su itab le mechanism be creat ed for

collection and compilation of such da ta . S im ilarly /

a leqalar system ot aurveys/ .studles for documenta

tion of adequate information aboui prices , arr iv als ,

disposal etc of d i f fe r e n t aqr icu itural commodJtles

needed tor formuJatlon of maiketing poJicy and

proqramme on an o b ject ive b a s is should be created

both at the reglonai as we3 L ay stat e l e v e l •

( i i ) .^ciricuJ tuial mar keting in fduding mark'- 't regulation

and development should rec^ei.ve greater attention

of the otate cloveniments. The need for market surveys,

market researcfi and inLei J icjence and market extension

would call foi setting ;ip of ce ll /departm ent . The

D irectorate oi Marketing Inspection , M inistry of:

A g r i c u l t u r e may consider oi^ening of a regional

train ing Centre f o r the North li.ast.

(iii ' ' Fullest assistance under the Central dcheme for

Development of Selected Rt^qal at ed Markets should

be taken liy the States/iiTs of the region , o im i la i i y ,

for development of ini rastr uc:’tur al f a c i l i t i e s in

the rural pri ary r arkets maximum advantage of the

Central, schemt^ for Development of Rural Pri.mary/

Wholesale Markets un;ler which grant upto R s . 1 . 5 lakhs

for rural wholesale market are given, should be

availed ol .

(iv) In the remote h i l ly areas permanent sheds and

storage f a c i l i t i e s at road--side S€illing points would

besides solvitig the immediate proiTem of the qroweis

and buyers, lead to growth of biqqer market centres

in course of time, A comprent-nsJ ve |)lan to b-aild

requlated markets vrith a l l f a c i l i t i e s (shefls , a tor aqe.

Water ' suppjly etc) at each of the 269 block HQs

and atleast one developed primary market within

each Grcam Panchayat and V i l l a g e Counci.1 area chould

be formulated and i plemented in phases over the ne:x

15 years . However,to begin with storage f a c i l i t i e s

t - 1 l b ' - :

recornmen led by the Vfoiki.ng Group on Supply/ services and

vjorkti In the liE Reyiori may be created (Annexure-£) on priority

basis for meeting the requirement of supply of essential

conimodities in the region,

(v) Expansion of storage f a c i l i t i e s in the rurdl areas should

r; ceive p r io r ity a tte n t io n .T h e Central Ware Housing Corporation

has to play a b igger role in this regard . The States should

take up construction oi rural godowns with assist.ance under

the. Central scheme. However, in re la t io n to the t'JK Region the

pattern ol subsidy should be m odified to provide for 75% sub

sidy from the Centre tht b.d.ance 2 5% to be arranged by the

S tate Govt and the conceined local b o d ie s . This is essen tia l

as a promotional measure for a region which has been backward

and looking the minimum in fr a s tr u c tu r e .

(vi) There are moi'e than 1 * 000 Rural R e ta il Outlets in the region „

AS suggested by the G ovil Comniittee these t^etail Outlets should

be enabled to procure and market the local farm produce direcfcly

from the producers . L ik e w ise , tlie 4000 and odd Agri Co-opera

tive Credit S o c ie tie s can be strengthened to play the role of

procurement agency for agrj.cuJ tural produce at the v il la g e

Je v e l , This would c all for adequate f in a n c ia l and manpower

support to these S o c i e t i e s . The Marketing Co-oijerative struc-

t ire as a whole has to be s u b st a n tia lly strengthened in the

reg io n .

(vi i) In regar d t c) mar keting oi n uj,ts the spo ilaqe on transporta—

tion poses a b ig problem . The late of spoilage varies between

35 to 51% . S u itab Je containers using local raw m aterial can

su b sta n tia lly reduce the spoilage r a t e . T r ia ls done by CI'TR I

in this regard has established that spo ilage can be reduc^e to

ia>n. The methorls suggested by CFTRl should be tr ied on larger

s c a le . Subsid ised in transport oi se le c te d f r u i t s , muahrooiiis

etc can also be co n sidered .

(v il i ) C losely r elated to a cr ic u ltu ra l marl<e+ing is the problem of

drying of crops, part icu lar 1 y p a d d y . T 'or proper storage ,

transi)ort at.ion and marketing the moisture content in the fresh

crops need to be reduc 6?d to the riesired degree , h ne‘ ? meh’.ioo

of crop drying and p jeservation is ir r a d ia t io n with ionizlnf;

r a d ia t io n . Careful and continuing e fforts by food scientlsi:s

and technologists can bring tliis benefit of science to the

farmers. Bevsldes, so.l ar l^riera tor drying of crops can bej

i.ntroduced on a larger s c a le .

J - 1 1 7 - J

8-118-s

ANN£XUiiE-I

ST ^TbiMlSNT (Aj ; oT UlÂGh C;APACi'r\' FUR FcK-'iX}kAlNcj

3tate/lJl’ X£ > i‘ iing l/iddilional jlTotal X^torage cap-lAddl. capacity Xs turage Icapacity tolplanned )(city reqaliTttiJsaggested by Xfacili- Xbe constru-Xcapacity Xtor toodgra-Xvîr kInq Gioup Ities . Xcted by FCIX Xlnfl in 1984-Xshown in State-

-3-

25,000 25 ,000 14,000 29,Q00

20 ,000 279 ,803 186,000 9 ,000

15 ,000 22 ,850 20 ,000 2 4 ,000

17 ,500 27 ,500 32 ,000 2 4,000

26 ,200 47 ,680 30 ,000 19,000

30 ,000 3 9 ,680 22 ,000 19,000

20 ,000 3 5 ,920 50,000 32 ,000

ALLinarhal Pradesh,

Assam

Manipur

Meghaia/a

M j zorani

Nagaland

Tiipara

259803

7850

1 0 ,0 0 0

21,460

9680

15,920

* Taking 4 months requirements fcr each unit excepting Tripura Mizorarn for wiilch requiiement is taken for 5 months and tor Assam 3 months.

oTAî£MLNT(H)

____________________________________________________

IV .I • Arunarha 1_ PradeshTtanagar 10,0(^0Bomdila 2,0('0Zero 2 ,000Te-û 2 , 0 0 0Bhal\iKpunq 5 ,000Pasighat 5 ,000Along 2 ,000Tawang 1 ,000

ImpTial 10 ,000(.Hchrul 2 ,000Chura Chandrapur 5 ,000 Jiribam 5 ,000Tamenglong 2 ,000

III ,Shilionq 1 0 ,000Jowai 5 ,000Tura 5 ,000Nongstoin 2 ,000Wi1iiamnagar t ,000

Nagaland Kohima Mokokchung D1mapur Mon Phek

V. Mizoram Aizawl Lunglei 3 aitre Champha-i BVi air abi/K ol as i li

V I . TripuraKumarghat13haramnagarUdaipurAmbasaKhowai

V I I . Assam HaniranMur kong >iellek

______________ ____

5, 0005 .0005 .0002.000 2, 0005 .0005 . 0 0 02.000 2, 0005.000

10,00010,000

5 .0005 .0002.000

2, 000 2 , 0 0 0 5^000

M -

CHAPTl' R I V , 2

J R u l l ^ ^ l O l ^ N D E C U - .l )g V P X u F l ^ iIT

M an’ ;;, conc-r.ri'i w ith erwir'ininent ia fundanient-’l

to tiis survival* He is not nic.T;.!^/ t) })a3 3 lvu component oX

the bcorvystem, but ho ho.j the unique di.sttiiction of bei

an actlvt5 agont In dlia/iiiit tho Gcologjcal nichc that suits

his habit at fiikI aocu—ujconomLc ©.>ndtio-n, With the grov/th of

populati.on and prj^roR^ t'f human s'cic^'ty thore has boen a

cjnaequi.ntiaJ. <'V3 r«c;x,:;loj tati^ i:] of tbr onvironment ynti the

carrving capacity :>f nhe ecosystem. 1 ^ b(.;ing stralrurd to >

much p a r t ic u la r jy in those regions l ik e the North Eastern

India where forc^jts play the c ru c ia l role o f a major l i f e

supp "(rt systonu Over-*i?xp].oitati >n of frirestij, land , water

os I as various livln^^, components of blosphtrt-

f -'iluru to tackle tlie problems of p o llu t io n and envjron--

mental dogradati m ar< exposing the huinanlty to the lhr*-at

of a glob^il environmental c r is is * Late Shrimati In'lira

uandhi, In li r aldres.; tn th U, M, Conference on tho

Hutran 5i}nvironm-nt held in Stockholm In 1Q72, strongly

advocated the thome :>f envir 'nnental conservation and •

e c ^-devel''pment, Our S ixth Five Year Plan included M n tcr

a lia * thj ..)b;iectlv of ’’b r in g in g about harmony between the

sh rt arui 1 “ terru goals of dnve^lopment by promoting the

jjr t rtion nl liiiprovement Df e c o lo .a c a l and environmental

> 8 set s ’’ ,

In th ' approach dociiment for the Sevtnith Five

Y- ’r Pl'in, the Planning Commission stresses that consei' '’-

ati^n issuer havti to be Incorporated into the Plans for

e^ch d vel:)pment activity. The Commission hl,;;hlights the

In the following obBervation, ’’During the Seventh

r ia n , a ’.'Jati. nal Conservation Strategy will be formulated

t : ..' ui'i that the goals of sustainable development are met

f zo-

in the f u t u r e . Str>-.>rigthenlng of research , monltoriJig and

enforcernerit f i c t i i t i e s , establishm ent of biosphere reserv s ,

1 ntensifioation of etncloveloprnent prj;^ranmes, ]-3U2ichlng of

large nca].G projects f 'r en-<M r nt-1 It porovernuiit and

restor ‘:tl-n.i -f erosys teiriG rin'l >,?st iirnent . f ' a netw 'rk of

iCnvir "jnnent^’.l rnrormat j cjn Svinem (id'A/IS) foj’in Ihi* ir.;>)rtani

elemervt;: of tf'U- ; u.=5ge;jtefi ‘ .':tj'at-'gy undv-r tdio Bi/venth I'lan."

3 . In t:hu 'iboTi,. rrieiitlonud, o m t 'jxt it needs tc> bti

recognised that environmental dc,gradation in India is b asic

a l ly a national probleti -md the fa ctu al accounts xf huge top

s a i l erosion , donblirir^ of the f lo )d«orone area during the

la st 1 0 yeoj's and rapid dev'letirjn .)f forest resources c le a r ly

indicate the growin/j, in tensity of thf.' problem. In the Nni’th

Easteuai R. gion which is faoed w ith a large scale eco lo gical

degr:\,dati )n, massivt'; drive needs t be taken up for environ

mental consei’va.tifjn and epodeve!)oi)meni. wi.thln the broad

framework of Notional Conservation Strategy and the- strategy

anvisagcd, by the Plannin/^ Comiiiission under the Seventh Five

Year Pl 'n, llaving rf.?gard to the p ecu lia r local C 'jnditlonB,

abundance and d iv ers ity 'jf natural res:)urces /^nd ex istence

,)f a f r a g i le ecology in the M /rth E ast , there is enough

ju st if ic a t if )n for spetial a tten tio n and e ffo r ts to be

directed tov/- rds environmenta] management for the conservation ,

restoration anri development of the deter io ratin g ecosystem

of the re g io n . Unlike rapid growth )f gi'int c i t ie s and large

IndnBtidal conB^fVatif).ns with enormous o n ig e s t i■ >n, p ollu t io n

and- healtli hazards ci’t}ating envi ronmf::’ni.al pi ’oblems in many

jtht'r parts ^f »nd ia the ecological d isru p tio n in the North

East is c:inst.d mainly by dep letio ’n of forests , large scale

Hoil er isi^^n and a i l t a t i m w hich havu dangerf)us consequimces

in thti form ;i natural calam ities like floods and la n d s l id e s ,

4 , Aftf.r making col -ssai investment on e s s en t ia l

int'radI ruei iiral devel )pment such as p.; wer p roject and railw ay

prij^^cts, it becames almost doligatory tio incur substantial

•jxpend i tui!e ai a ff jrestation .aid s il co n se rv ati)n just to save

trieae projects f r im tlie devast.ating e ffe c ts of s > 1 1 e rosion ^

r.d heavy si lta t l»n , Bestd<:;s, tht d estructio n of ec )L)g leal

- ~ - I s i ' *

n i r h i ; ( u h i c h , pmnnq the- t r l b r . s if M . l , R p n j n n , if- rnotpiJ in

t r n d j t l n n ) by l a r g e dcM/R.1 o nmr-nt prnifi ' ,V,s inv/al.u inq r. x p i r ) ! t n -

t i n n o f Lintepped natur-.?!, ros"urrr - : r , 1s rinnf.hnr f ; n r i n u s mal ody

t h n t r=--I .U} f o r c n r p f i i l f-iXPtrn n r ' t i o n ^ nd i rmi ;?dir ] i’c t i o n . Thn

t r a d i t i onf . ' ! p r n c t i r r n f ihiim c u l t . i v o t i n n o\Ji:-v R x t R n s l ur - p r eas

and j n n r e a s i n g cnmme^rLial e x n J o i t r j t i n n o f f o r p s t s .^re I f e d i n g

t he N . L , F^eqion to t h r vo r q o o f comp.lehe clpnurlp t: j on and ex

t i n c t , i n n o f i t s Ljni ciur f l o r a and faunn* T h i s y . m t o n d f 3 s t j u c -

t i a n o f f o T F s t s , e i t l i p r f o r r i iBft inq t h e i n p u t ro(.|U.1 re mpnt s

o f I n r n e unod- taased i n d u s t r i n s n r f o r rner’t i n q t he fut^l f?nd

f o d d e r r o q u i rnmr nt g o f r- mount j n q p o p u l a t i o n , c e n n o t bn a.l l o - I

URd to c o n t i n u e unabrntri l and r p i B t r i c t .1 vb meaBurFs npod to b t

tpkRn to 0 \/trt inainr env/ironrriBntal c r i s i a . f h l s ni j qht r p q u -

i r e s p G c i f i c meBsures L.1kcj e l i m i n a t i o n o f p o n t r a c t o r syst om

f o r foTFjBt f p . l l i n q B ,

5 . U i t h a v/lau to e n s u r i n g p r o p e r e n v i r p n m e n t a J f i r o -

t c c i . i o n i n t h r N o r t h E a s t i t i e n R c e s s a r y to t a k e f o u r p o . s i -

t i u o u t e p s u i . z , ( n ) i n t r n t J u L t I o n and p n an t men t o f l o g i f i l a t i u e

mpnsuTPR fox s p e c i f i c , B l i k n s h m r n t o f b i os p h t ' r t i

rpsprv/Rs end p r r v / r n t i o n ^md c o n t r o l o f p o l . l u t i o n ; ( b ) a r r ? i n q e -

mcni.s f n i s u l t a b l r adm j n i s t r o t i u e and i n s t i t u t i o n a l s u p p o r t

s b o u l d b( madr to i m p l r ment a l l programmes o f p n w i r n n m r n t a l

consE. I v/ation r n d e co ~dr. v r I o rimt: n t i n a b i g t j ay ; ' ( c ) p e o p l e ’ s

p r r t i c i p p t j on s h o u l d bp p n l - ’ s t p d t h r o u g h a d e q u a t e p u b l i c i t y

nnd d< monstr, ' t i n n ; ind ( d ) T h p r e i s n r e d f o r c n n t i n u n u s m o n i -

^.orinci n f r£: ' - .nurci ■■.tatUB and r e s o u r c e s o f t h r p a t to e n v i r o n -

nu n t f r r m d i ,l r o t u o f i n d u s t r i a l and o t h e r u n s t e s , U i t h

M'lfc: ip.lp o f ipmntt, s p n n i n g such a pont i nL» ous m o n i t o r i n g i s nou

nG' " . s i b l e, T h i s t e r d m i q u e s h o u l d be syst pm; t i n a 11 y a d o p t e d as

i n p u t f j r prompt dpc.1sion m t k i n n f o r r e m e d i a l m e a s u r e s , A p o r t

f rom d e f o r e t r i t i o n end d e r i r a d a i i o n d r y i n g up n f u a t e r r e s o u r c e s ,

b - l o c k i n q o f i . i r t er c h r n n e l s q r o u t h o f p a r e n i t s l i k e u a t n r h y a c i n t h ,

■oi l ut . i ' i n f m m d i s c h a m e s a l s o need c a r p f u l u a t c h , T h o Commi -

t i * F o r Rr commr n d i n g 1,pg 5 s l a t i \/e I ^easures and Adfni ni s t r a t i , v/e

'1p;nhinery f n r E n s u r i n g Env/ i rpnment al P r o t p c t l o n ( 1 9 B 0 ) r p c o -

mmc ndf;d f o r ( = ach Stai .e an admi n i s t r a t d vye s t r u c t u r e ( u i t h State-

I a b i n r : t Commi t t ee on Env/ironment a t t h e t o p ) f o r c o - o r d i n a t i n g

ttip f u n c t i n n s r p l e t e d to e n v i r o n m e n t r ) r o t o c t i o n at t h e Stai .c

I f . ' 7 . I , Thc; fximmittee r e c o g n i s e d t h e d i f f i c u l t y iti n o n s t i t u t -

- }

i n q sf D o r r t o Drpprtrnf n t s n.f F n v j r o n m G n t i n e l J Shal.r s imrno-

rliF! t n 1 y pnd as n u :h a uqnf' 3 1 f cl i:iip t ; t t hc i n .1 t, i .31 st n gc: find

appro f ) r i n t t : A d m i n i s t r . ; I: iut U c p p r t m f n t cnuLd hr dc Bi nnFi t t r l to

Icink uftf^r t.hf p l f - n r i n n pnd c n - o j di ppI: i n g f u n r t i o n 1n r c n p r d

to f;puj ronine nt o 1 pro t eciîonu Ip thf Mor t h F' s t o r n RfjqJon, tho

i m p I f in' n t r t i n p n f i.hi?:;' i o r GifUTii,.! lU . t j.n ri dus' .j 'Vt & u r t i ep t "pd

St. r i n u 3 r i t t c : p t i o p o f rJ..! the: c o p s t i i Licnt Statf. e / U l s c xct pt

Aespm u h i c h i s n] rnnr ly l io'/jpp n S i a t r Dnnartme pt to Jonk

p f t [. r c n \/ i ro nm F p 1 81 (i t n i t; c t. ,1. o p ■ ’ n d m n p c q i. m ( n t , W i 1 h i. li i s

k i p d o f pp i f f r c t i u G o p f r n t l w o r n n c h j p L r y i t i j o u l d be p n a s i b l f

to c a r r y o u t i i r o n e r epu1 ropitif p t a l assoBsinept as an i n t o n r a l

p a r t o f t h e P l n n n i p g proct3ss j d e p t i f y l p q a l l m aj o r a c t l o p s

b o t h p u b l i c apd pr l v yat e u h i c h u o u l d r e q u i r e Go UF'.rpmGpt

c .1enrapcB, In f a c t , Bp\/ironmppt al mapr,gFmr p t dRmnpds t h a t

t h e r a s l i o u l d be not o n l y a s t a t u t o r y machanism f o r i n d e p e n d -

ep t I'Gvyieij o f e p v i r o n n t e p t a l si, a t un tiut a l s o ap o h i o c t i v y e

base f o r makinq t h o s u p p o r t i p q data av/ci i labJc to t h e d e r i s i c i p

making p r o c e s s i n u h i c h inv/o.1 upiiient o f t he p e o p l e and

v o l u n t a r y o r g a n i s a t i o n s u o u l d g r a t i b r j l l y pD\io thft U V

e l i m i n a t i o n o f veshed i o t e r e s t w .

6 , T p t h e N . E . RRoiop epv'i o rnmF>ntp 1 management •

needs to a c c o r d p r i o r i t y t r e f t m n n t to . soi l co nse r v/; t J o n ,

n r e s e r v / a t i o p o f f o r e s t s end l i w i n g rf s o u r c e s and c i t o b l i shment

o f b i o - s p h e r e l e a e r u e s f o r - r i t i c p l l y denr - - ded a r e a s . Among

t h e m u l t i p l J . c i t y o f f a c t or . s r f s u o n s i b l i ; f o r r a p i d d o p J f t i o n

o f f o r e s t c n u e r in t h e Mo i t h La at thf^ tuo mrj r t proininr n t

f 1 r (j t V e c k I e r’ s c o n i m e i c i a 1 f' x n .1 o i t £. 1. i o n o f f o r f s t C3 a n d

E-!Xi:enîWF j lium cu 11 i v/a t i o n . A m u o h iîea phni.ii i.he e x t e n t

0 f d ;' m age done t ( i 11' i e f o r e s t. e c n s y st em can b c. o b t r i n e d f' r o m

1 hf f r e t t hah r l ur i nq t h e pe r i o d t r 1 98n- B2 I h e r t hi b

hr cn a J o s s of 171B3 ( S q , KJ I nm t e r ) arer» u n d e r f o r f nto I h i s

c o n s i s t o f a los's o f 150? Sq. K i l o m e t e r o f c J n s e d f o r e s t and

- 1 - 3 -

an Iricri'ase ’f 7 ‘?7B Sq, K.i 1 niic'tci-r r j;:)en/(i.,gi'aded f 'Tijat,

This has beun revea].ed*by a report ‘liti tli.d" Mapping of Farest

Cover in Tn li-: f r .m Srielli-^ - ry- 1 n72-.?'3 and 1980-82

Summary Ropai't— Mort.li Ear:;turn St.:j It s /U n i ai Teri'i bar 1 t-s ”

Isaued by National Heni )te Hens l.n/i Agency DepartiiL nt ) t ap.acc,

Go\'‘Grnment ol India Hyderat'ad (Doc 1 9 8 5 ) , In view ')f a lot

of Gnv i j’Otirrifint-il de/^r^ dati >n brought ab;.'ut !>v ttir jjr'tctlee

of jhurning It shjuld be tht duty of all the c.jnsti I uv;nt units

of the re^jion t .) control its incidenco on top pi'’i )rity basis

and alao ediicate and motivate the p<j:'*ple to co-jper^ite with

the agencies implementing ,ihum control progr umnes•

7 , With a sharp focus on ,jhum control and control ;t

reckless comm<?rclal e xp lo ita t io n ) f forests Che Sc;venth P’Jan

strategy for en vlr-^nmental improvomunt and oco-development

in the North East sho Id include the follov/ing components

( j ) Development of sp e c if ic areawlse management

programme for Jhuming with the ultim ate objectiv-.:

of providing an a lternative economic av^^catlon

to tr ib a ls involved i^j i t .

( i i ) Development of f ir e control l in e s for

preventing spread of jhum fire control should

be matters of serious conoern to a ll the S t a t e s /

Ul’s of the reg io n . A i l f i r e control lini'S may be

made permanent and then ]tJ antad with thick-birked

species like schima W a l l i c h i i , G nelin ia arbures,

Alnus resplonsis and Erythma sop. for which

seedlings In polythene bags may be obtained from

the nurserJ.es iindei so c ial fGi'estry , The Jhumias

can be Involved in p lanting such stn^dings on

];)ayment of wages.

( i l l ) The unique natural resources of the North

East nt^eds to be protected and Improved up'^n.

Against 19 National/W ildlife Sanctuaries existing

at pres.jnt, another 14 mare sh-nild be constituted*

Ecological Impact of development proji^cts on the

habitats of rare species )f animals and birds i

should also be studied s:) as to evolve suitable

measures for their conservation,

(iv ) A conservation-orient;ed forest policy should

be gi ven duo emphasis as an essential ])re-requi s Ite

for the success v:>f programmes for environmental

pr)tection and eco-development that might be

launched with string Institutional , financial and

technic \1 supp ort from the n >dai agency at the

nati >nal level ( i . e . the Department of Environ

ment, G ivt. of Iiidl'i), The on-going s c h e m e f jr

the pi-eservatlon of endangered 'jrchids a/ad pl^;nts

as we31 as new schemes for establishment of Sub-

Tropical Botanical Garden and ant Resources

Cuntr-v.' in t}ie N)rth East nc.vKi to be implumented

to the best aovantage of the entire region. The

North E^-'stern C n m c i l 's assistance and encourage-

Hi nt t . those r vc<.l due conc(,^rn for

preservation )f valuable n-'tural rejources.

(v) It is necessary t ) survey the sources of

pollution an;i p'rosorlbe adequate remedial measures

for th.^ maj r capital t )wns/urban ct-ntri -s .)f

Tmphal, Aizawl., Ag^>rtala, Shi ll 'nr;, Koliima,

Gaufiati, Ttnnag'ir, Tinsukia, liamrupy

Sibsagar ^nd B'lngaiga n. A.ssessm.eni, nf thi 'vxtont

of pollution )f water and -ir >n acciount of

industrial growth cuad hnrmful’. waste di schar.t',o,

should be t'iken up by c-mpetent agency.

\ J . S -

( v i ) It 1 3 neoi 3 ^;nry t ' Gst-'blish a Sub-centre

thd HImal-iynn In stitute f >r It tsci l n aii H' n i; ;-

munt .'t Envlr )nmt.nt in tlu M-rth Ivi'’t t-• pr >vi

ii....Cv-3 o. .ry tv. clinic-.1 in-1 holp ov. .ivifUi, '"i

sulttble I w l usr [j' t U r n .

( v i l ) Trai ni ng progr : n nivlr jn.ni' rrian-igo-

inent aid prf.s..rVo bl.ni if w ild Lit. "uid undanger.^d

j)lant spt’ci.cs nor^d t hu ir . iiilBhd 'wliii a v i 'w t )

dcvvlu} jrufi ad., qua fa: 1'ianpow^.r spued f ic requJre-

raents vf tr-: : r )gr-;nimeri f r envir'-'nment 1 pr-tact-

i.3n 'Tad ec )'-devt.d 'prm;nt.

TIu: aami id. strand. V.. machinery i'ar implenient-

a-i -n ')f tl.i(i c nvi r jni.^t^atal : r )k i ''^mrn.'a ‘'.iu-mri po

s-^rcn,dtKajad at tiiti St ito I c v a l , According t - the

Fuggesti')ns at Cammitto- f >r Raomme'ndl ng

Legislative Measures and Adinlulstrative Mechlnary

Jor Enauriug F.nvj ronrnental .Pratectlon ( 1 9 8 0 ) , in

each State /U T an appropriate 4dm inistrative Depart-

men-D d 'u i d be design'ited to Irak a.ftei‘ the fu ncti ms

re^-rdln.^ planning and co-ordination of environmen

tal x)T'''^tection u n t i l it would be possible to

c:)r.stttute separate .[departments Environment In

all these units* For p roviding adequate l e g i s l a

tive support to the required e n v iD n m e n ta l manage-

ner.t and control necessary arrangemeni.s should

re Tiadt. for enac'tment arki m o dilicatio n if laws

av-ordiUfci to s p e c if ic needs and co n ditio n ,

(!ix) State Governments sh.^uld regulate opening

a;-d capacity -f SuW M ills aix! i f possible natl Mia--

1 : z e t [ 1 i s T n'i u s t.r y .

(x ) A Hand Book on Envtronrnent in N*E . Rogi >n

is under prep-iration. The Hond Book would be

providln^j^- basic data for omvironrnental degradation

■f v/otor, a ir and so il rosourcos of the reg io n

or"'ising due to in d u str ia l -uid mining projects and

other sources . It is suggested that based on th is

study, codes fir environrac-’ntal protection for this

may be prepared by c:instituant States/l)Ts ,

8 , Fiirther, as decided in the first meeting.; of tte

Regional Committee on Environment held at Shillong on 21 ,2 .8 4 ,

the f )l lowing f<Hir expert groups would undertake detailed

study of different aspect,q if thti pr:iblem of environmental

management In the N >rth Eastern Region and would sul)mit their

reports for consideration of the Regi aial Conimittoe (a)

Studj'- Gr lU]) on Jhuming; (b) Study Group on Air and Water

Pollution; (c) Study Gr )U}i on l!i\nact of Development 1

Actj vltitis .on Environment; and (d ) Study Gr'Up un Living

Res ,)urces. It is j X ] ) o c t e d tnat the reports ,)f these Study

Gr';)ups would be very helpful in revealing the magnitude and

intensi ty of envir )nment iJr jbleJflin thi s regl n and their

suggestions might be useful in f jrniul^vting j r jgr-immes f >r

tackling spe>cific pr:)blems which f(;r(:i tt.K; subject of enquiry

jf each f 1 hose Study Gr< )uns, Th<? s-'m ■ R 1 /lal C ^inmittee

also suggested that thi r,)visi n -f ah^ut fis, 15*00 cr res

should be m ade in the S-'ventti Plan for und.ei-t kiri ' r ' j s e a r c h

projects and i m[)l(3mentlng schemes .oimc d at ^jrotecti )n and

management if envJ ronm>int in the N )rth East. In lim. with

this suggestion the detailed or'igr'unmers in t.his regard wouJd

be W')i ’k e d )ut for implt me-ntation luring the Seventfi Five'

Year Plan ,

- \ X 1 -

Fni ’Hpjttt ar e i m p t i r t a n i n o t u r a J I 'GROurcf s as t h e y

i n c l u B n c e c l i m a h e , s o i l cnndi i :antis f l o o d and e r o s i r 3 n . Tho

f r i r p s t o r r e i n I n d i a l o Bboiit 2 2 , 7 p t r c e n t o f tofcal g e o -

(1 r 3 f j i c a -1 Hrea os afininst. 3 p f;r c e?n t o f t h e u o r 1 d a v p r a q g ,

The n e t i o n o l ForErst p o l i c y o f I n d i a Biigqeatf^d i hat onR

t h i r d o f t he i o t a l qc rsqra'fihi c h I u f ti ie . r .auntj 'y to, tio . .

r o t f ’ i n c d undoi f o r c H t cov/cr, about 60 pt r c e n t .In t h r h i l l s

and 20 p o r c t n t i n t h r p l a i n s . A c c o r d l n q t o Summary Rn p o r t

f o r Norhh E e s t o r n 5 t a t r a/LInion T o r r l t o r i E S ( DecGmher 19B3)

p u h l l B h e d hy Mai . l nnal Remobt S e na l n q AoE-ncy an t h e b a s i s

o f N a p p i ng o f F o r r s t covf r i n I n d i a from S e t e l J i t e I ma g e r y

( I 972 ~7f i and 1 ' ?H0«82) , the f o r e s t covyer In t h p r o q i o n i s

a b o u t 4 8 , 2 8 pr r c f e n t . T h i s area i n n l u d e a 104449 Sq, Km, o f

n l o s o d forfisl . and 1R73G fto.Km, o f o p e n / d e g r a d e d f o r e s t ,

Fuen hy t a k i n g t ho dt:gradf;d fore s t I n t o c o n s i dtire t i o n , o n l y

Ar unat ; hal Pr a d e s h and H a n i o u r f u l f i l tht' norm o f t h r 60

p r r c e n t f o r F s t t'o\/0r , Pr^roont o f f o r e s t a r e a t o t o t a l

q o G q r n p h i c a l a r r a f o r o t h e r statCv's v a r l r s f rom 2 b , 21 p e r c e n t

i n AisRam to B 6 , 7 6 p r r c ^ i nt i n f'1i?ornm,

2 , T i m b e r and f u r l uood and bamboo a r e t he i m p o r t a i ^ t

f o r i s t o r o d u c t s u h i c h aro r r q u i r & d f o r house c o n s ; j t r u c t i o n ,

r a i l u f i y s l f . r p ; r n , f u r n i t u r e , p o l e s , f uel (domr si i c: and

I n d u s t r i a l ) , paper and p u l p e t c , A l t h o u g t i f o r e s t i n the NF

R e q i on c o n s t i l ute about 14,95 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t c j l f o r t ' ^ t in

the c o u n t r y , i t uas noted i n 1 9 76- 77 t h a t 1 0 , 69 p e r c e n t o f

n a t i o n a l rt n u i r r m e n t i s b e i n g mot f r om the r o g i o f i . T h i s

p e r c e n t a g e i s o b s e r v e d to be i n c r e a s i n g . T h e s t u d y con

d u c t e d by MRSA ahnus t h a t d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f s t u d y t h e

a r e a s u n d e r c l o s r d f o r e s t havo d e c r e a s e d by 1 , 4 4 f i er c o nt

u 1 t h 6 7 , 9 5 percF n t i n c r e a s e i n ar ea un der o pen/degr adf i d

f o r e s t . T h i s d e s t r u c t i o n i ndJ c a t e s poachi f i g and o r g a n i s e d

l o d g i n g . b y c o m me r c i a l e x p l o i t o r s . G i v i n g an o y t r v i e u o f t h n

pr obJem NRSA me n t i on s t h a t I n d i a i s l o o s i n g i t s f o r e a t

r e s o u r c e s f e s t e r t h a n i t s g r o u t h , ThFi p r e s e n t r a t e i a

0 . 2 7 9 9 Sq, n i i t s ( 0 . 4 4 7 b { Sq.Km) p e r minutras. ^ ^ c o r d i i i ^

P] pise sec f o o t not e at the b o t t o m o f neixt pa ge .

T a b l e ^^,9, C h a o t t i r - 1 I I ,

to R s t u d y macip by N a t i o n ; ) ! Uoinmissinn on A g r i c u l t u r r :

thcv f uf ; l uGod r u q u i rnent i n 1980 u i l l be o f the o r dor o f

256 m i l ] i o n nnd 1^^9D the r e q u i r c n i o n t u i l l be 3D0r-7

mj J J ’ on rn' , A ut r y s m a l l p r o p o r t i o n of' ab o ut 11 p r r cf n t

□ t t o t t j l r f-L| u j. i'(..flit I It of f u t - l uuau itj Lstini? ti jd ( R o p o r t o f

tht) f’un l i jood s t u d y Commi t tei ; , P l a n n i n g Commi ssi on 1 982 )

to be- oomjng from g o wr r n mo n t f o r e s t . I f a n o t h e r 16 p c r c r n t

o f f u o l . uGod i s nre summe:d to bt: comj.nq from t r o i s on p r i -

v/ato l a n d , a b a i a n c G o f ab o ut 63 p o r c t m t r e q u i r u m G n t i s

bc l i ov /od to tat] n o t acnountc'd f o r . S i m i l a r l y t h e p o s i t i o n o f

i n d u a t r i a l uood i s a l s o n o t we r y a a t i s f a o t o r y . I n 1970 thr;3

T F ' q u i r o mo n t o f i n d u s t r i a l uood Lias 12 m i l l i o n m • T h r pro —

j e t ’tetj r e q u i r o m e n t and p r o d u c t i o n i n 1985 i s 50 ;inri 32 m i l l i o n'7

m r£ Bpr .ct i wg ] y I f t h i s t r e n d c o n t i n u e s the chanct s o f

f u r t h e r e x p a n s i o n o f uood hasod i n d u s t r i e s i n I n d i a u i l l .

become l e s s on one hand and f o r e s t d e g r a d a t i o n u o u l d c o n t i n u e

on I n r q e s e a l e on the obt i er .

rioii© fox. .pa,ra. 2 x),f .fw qe , sixtrt-e ] j r H „ - •

r x t r a c t i o n o f t i m b e r f.nd f u r l uood has inr ; rGaBGd by 1 5 1 , 2 3 p e r cent d u r i n g t h r t g yf are from t h e r o q i o n as g i wen b e l o u?

Q u a n t i t i e s ^ i n 000 bu.n,.

N . E . Regi on A l l I n d i a‘l 9 y 3 ~ 7 T '“*f9T6~7Y ' % i n c r e a s e 1 9 7 6 - 77

T i n,0 f 3 r 6B5 801 1 6 . 9 3 U5 00

F u 1 li 0 0 d 236 1440 5 1 0 . 1 7 12456

l o i a l G92 2241 1 5 1 . 73 20956

SoercE l o r C o l , ( 2 ) D ev e J o pmr n t o f Fn r i . s t & F o r e s t Oased i n d u s t y by Lf: . l a i n , f o r C o l . ( 3 ) K. ( b ) [ J i r e c t o r a t L o f Economi es anfl S f . a t i n l . i n s , P l i n i s t r y o f A q r i c u J t u r f .

I h i s s h a r p i n c r e a s e i n e x t r r a t i o n o f f u e l uood i n t h i s s h ( . r t durff l t ihn q i w e s an rouqh p i c t u r i , o f t e n d e n c y |'or i ncrer i s i . nq e x p l o i t a t i o n o f t . i mhr r from the r r o i o n . ' ^

<4» ' j o u r c G ; Fort s t y i n I n d a n , c i i t i r f ^ l St u d y ( i . S . Madhi ,paqe 69 , I nt f m a t i o n a l Rook D i s t r i b u t o r s , D e h r a d u n ,

K i n d l y a l s o r e f i r tf] p a r r s 16- 1B f h n p t e r I F I ,

- 12 9 -“

3. rinrU. i n ui/ncivpit nr f'tii't ry \/li us H a multi- pijr:).jne socio-i cunoniit;: oct.ivil'y uh.i ;.h nri-.de ct;n ti nuoua pl:-tnruif;q nnd ninnngi:rnf::nt r‘nr ■ tairi(-jri It ib noli.ric] r -n e>,r rt. j.: in tin- volumu cif vimb(r, r ininci ofp b;nti'-hion rf Tklj cu niVf i( iol yffrit'B arid i r nu i.d h Inn of c- (. 1. ci I'£\ t i (■'n n f' i. i.rn!je- r c t i' fr ml n i'-1 f orci81 r oclui■ t; .FuI 0 ^/fcry manar.jt<mcn L is. bu i f ' n t x a l l y bcTSfil on en .jpp.l i Cc i j,un

Qf hu!?inf. c';3 nif buc' pr i n c u p l r s nf i.e c h n i c a l f Q i n o t r y

r cj 1 ( c 11.1 1- \/ j n □ t I'l t c t j;j I r.: t, j \i i o f d t; w -'r. .1. n p i n g f fi d u t. i 1 1 j n y

tin F.x I ;r rii.ilfU! fstfiuk cf f i i r n B t rr snuroi^F r'l: aui i iir] nr x ini urn

r i f t t r r i b f i t t i J i l B ( >c i i . t y , In t-he pt. c u l i - r p l i y s i o g r a -

p h i c a l cind sc.'c;if,-8r: onnMl c c c n d j t i c i n of thG f'Jorth f i ' ie iern

Reg. iun, I hi^rr. tJie t r M i a l nofninun.i b i n s hr*wR t o r n j y h e a v i l y

on t; i .':idi Li unn I pi c] r t i. l;b8 nf' f o i F . s t f^xpl ol t a t i nn , the r i g h t

Bupj : Tu.h t o f i J i K L h j y t ihDuld he t c p.l an f o r f n i B B t dfe\/8,)op~

(lipnt i n ujnh ;■ rnannfir t h ^ t t t iere L o i i l d he n e t a r ld. i t i n n t o

?: p(T r pt tLia tin' : ] b t n c k e'/H;n a f t e r friEf.i,ifiQ t hB n r s t s n t i B l f u D d ,

f f d d f j r , f UG l i’nd t i m n t r r e q u i rnniKnts of thf- pt o p l n ae ufcl l

t he Qroi.iifH; i tqi i iretnt' fi t s of cnmrnGrcdal e x n l o i t . b i o n «

Thi'.s n c s s a r i . l y c i - i l s f c r h r i . n g i n g t r bl i arp f o c u s a n o t h e r *

i mp( . ' i c : mt :;^spt'ct, v/ir , ccns^rv/ ' t i on o f f o r F s t r R s o u r n e s and

c i n t r o l nf h a n n f i i l e x n l r i i h a hi o n . I t r oncr e t o t e r m s , a

c m St. r \.B : . iGn' -ctri Rnt t-‘t1 f r r t s t pi l l c y i n t t i i s r e g i o n s h o u l d

£jim t I:• r t i r I : i on r f u s e f u l p l n n t arm nn ima 1 s p e c i e s

u i L i i r;>t n c t i n . E x'tr: nr. i\<e s h i f t i n g c u l t i v / e t i o n nnd

i n c ]' I . 1 n g c cm li. r c i a I 0 > p .1 o i 13 1 i o n h a t; ;.t 1 r na d y c a u s r d 1 ra i' g e

s o ? l b d t n u u t j t i o n and f n v i r o n m y r i t a l der r e U a t i o n J n cr e^^s i n g

the t h i G a t B of dfiwos hti t ini j n ' T t u r a l ha.^nrL<s . l i ke f l o o d s and

I a n d ^ . l i OE-'s. C o n t r o l of j h u m i n g and r o a t r i o t i o n of commer-

D i a l o x p l o i i a t i o n c:f f o r e s t s t o t he rninimum f i e c o a s a r y l e v e l

s h o u l d , t t i e i G f o r o , oi .msti l .ute; t h e t u o i m p o r t a n t e l e m o n t y of

Fj a t r n t e g y f o r f n r f t t dr vr .1 opinon t u h i o h e h n u l d o1<ho { 'nwuro

b t h " i j a l i t a t i v t t and q u a n t i t a t i w e impr{:iv/omF,3nh of f o r e s t

rt 'sourof: : . ( J i rrlna t h t Se\/enth P l an*

» In thi i b' .u.kground c.f e mB r n i n g s o c i o - e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e s ,

i t is. i > o r L h i . h i l u t o i n t r o d u c o the b a s i c el cmentt i o f conifiiunity

f o i l u t iinfiagomi. n t / t r n t o g y u i t h blie conirnunity as the u n i t oT

1 ' r. 7 n t-Mfiont, T h ’’ . i/i 11 h e l p f o r e s t r y to p l a y a a i g n i f i c a r t t

-130~ 4'

r o l e I n r u i a l de ye.i oprnen t t h r o u g h an a d j u s t m e n t of l a n d

(?apo( j j i ,y, p e o p l e ’ s a s p i r a t i a n s and p r o j e c t r e q u i r e m e n t s .

For t h e s u c c e s s of such an i n t e g r a t e d end p r a c t i c i p a b i y b

f n r e s t r y , i t i s e s s E n t i t j l t o e n s u r e g r e a t e r c o - o r d i n a t i o n

b e t u e e n t h e Gnvyernment m a c h i n e r y , pr jcple arid t h o u o l u n b-Ei /y

o r g a n i s a t i o n s i n r e g a r d t o enhonc ement of the p r n d u c t i w j t y

of f o r ea t s ;ind f o r e s t l a n d s u n d e r p r o t e c t i v e c a r o and supt-. r ~

w i s i o n . I n f a c t , u n d e r t h e 2 0 ~ ' po i n t programme f o r e s t

dewel opment i s Bxpect t j d t c r e c e i u e c o n s i d e r a b l e i m p e t u s

p a r t i c u l a r l y in r e s p e c t o f s o c i a l f o r e s t r y , A f f o r e s t a b i o n

of i d e n t i f i e d a r e a s ( s u c h as c a t c h m e n t a r e a s of h y d r o

e l e c t r i c p r o j e c t s and n a t o r s h e d management [ u n j B c t s ) and

r e g e n e r a t i o n of f o r e s t s i n abandoned jhum l a n d i / i U h e l p

i m p r o v i n g the^ e n v i r o n m e n t s u b s t a n t i a l l y ,

5 . I n o r d e r bhat .f| ' r : s t r y ml gt i t c a t e r t o a u i d e i

s p e c t r u m of u t i i i e ^ i i i o n bh.cjidiis m e e t i n g t h e t r i b a l r;ommun3 -

t y * 8 food - f o o d e r - f u e l o mpl o y mo n t n e e d s , i t s p r o d u c t i v i t y

s h o u l d be i n c r e a s e d s u b s t n r i t i a l l y . F o r e s t managemeiit s h o u l d

p r o v i d e f o r t h e maintenance; and i m p r o v e m e n t of b o t n t he p r o

d u c t i v e and p r o t e c t i v e c a p a c i t y of t he f r r e s t a and g i v e I'ijG

i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e i r contr , i bi j i J.on t o w a r d s p r o t e c t i o n of ot t i er

n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s as u e l l a(> e n v i r o n m e n t . The N a t i o n a l

Commi ssi on on A g r i c u l t u r e h r s t h e j : G f o r e , s u g g e s t e d t h a t

u i t h v j e u t o m a i n t a i n i n g f nd i m p r o v i n g bhe p r o t e c t i o n and

p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y of f o r e q t s i t i s n e c e s s a r y bo ' a b e g o r i s e

f u n c t j o n a J I y a 1 J. f o r e s t 1 a n d s i n t o b 11 r e e b r o a d b y p e s v i, 7 t

( j ) P r o t e c i ^ i on f o r e s t s ; ( i i ) P r o d u c t i o n f o r e s t s and ( i l i )

S o c i a J. f o r e s t s .

!*

I^rot^jp_tJ.on Fjjr e s t ;

b» The f r a g i l e f o r e s t s u i l i i i h a r e pr one t o u n d i . s i r o b l e

c on aeq ue nc ns ab t h e a l i g h t d i s l . ur t i ance due t o r o a s o n n of

g e o l o g y , n a t u r e of s o i l or s i o|:)e of g r o u n o s h o u l d be f l a s n j -

f i e d as P r o t e c t i o n F o r e s t s , Such f n r e s b s o c c u p y uatf. rsherj|

of i l v b r s and othi^r l o c a i i t i e . 3 v u l n e r a b l e t o e r o s l u i i ?ind

i J e g r a d a t i o n • Such a r e a s h o u l i J be ta ke n nub e n t i r e l y frritii

bhe o r b i t df p r o d u c t i o n f o r f - s t - s and m a i n l a i n e d o n l y f o r

p r o t e c t i o n of thi-: eco'-faystcim a nd e n v i r o n m e n t a l u t a h i l i t y i n

- 1 ^ 1

( he i L . r i l r t n , T h i s f c t i B ^ b c o n L f ^ ■ c r 3CDpr < n f p r i Mi i n i : i u n i n l n

I la i: L I r f . ; / ! l i [ . -3p l i D i 0 r G a c r v c B a i i J < : l s o P f i i t d u c . i t i u n o r r n s u n r r h

|turpL'b'.r?: r:iibr.natjf.:nt.ly.

] ' rc3^dijc t J R r^b8 t; u J

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thn r i c h he r ; i . i ' 'nc uf b i o t J c cominuni t i e e of

p l a n t c and nnimolt j u i t h i n c h e i r n a t u r n l t-fcu-

syGteiii anri Bafei jUMrd the Qenet . ic d i U E i e i t y o f

s p p c i n s on u t i l c h ht)P.ir cnn 1:j n u i n n ev'Dlut - ion

dep^n.itj* I'f suc h sug»]t?st.od b l o B p h e r e r o a -

B i ' v r r e a r e i l,-jno and riOieffipGnl s i r a j n IVasnm;

Ftongrt^nyc^ir i , l .hi rnBbnnnahj . , yogmara i n f i aqho-

l a y e ; S i r o ^ d i l l Uk h r u J , N o r a h , T i p a i n i u k h i n

P l ani pur f D z u l u k h n , P a n n a , BfiiMfriothj i n Nen al an d

fiorndaphn i n A r u n a c h a l | B l u e m o u n t a i n , T a u i ,

T l u i r a n a , 2obank i n f' l iznrani and . l ogt i nath, C h a r i l a m ,

no r a ma r e and S a r a m h u l a ’l i n T r i , p u r n .

- 1 3 8 -AlWaXIIRE I

LIST 01 SPECIES TO BE RA13]i;D k W PLAI'rPilD IN ME BjfelON^ “

a) Tree spuciee having property of fixing nitrogen for planting abondoned jhiojn lands are Parteia Roxbiirghii, Albizzi j- px'ooura, Ainue Nepalonsia, Oasuarina Sppj, Acacia 3pp., Leucanea Leuoaphalea (Kubahul) and etc,

b) Fael Speoius - Eaoalyptuo o.imalciulenBia, EnoalyptuB citriodora, Euoalyptiia territiournia, Queroao, Inoanja and

quarouB species, Oastanopsia spp.? Oasiiarina Equi*- Oacaia Aui’ialifoririis, Acn.cia Oabechu, Alnus Sohima Wallichii, Br-'idalis Retusa and other.

• ther s it if 03.0a, Mepalensis,

c) Other Versatile and useful species

d) Ornamental Species

Tree

e) Past Growing Species

f) SuricuJ-tui-'e Species

g) Fodder Species

Leucanea, Leuc iphales Artocarpus spp., Mor- chta Indica, Morings stick), Ailanthiis Exc Indica, Ziz. / )hus Maur I yp tus ipp, , Mang if er dia spp., Pinas Kasuy and other hill areas, and etc.

(Kubibul), us JSlba, Aaidira- Cleifera (Drum tilsa, Tmnarindus itiania, Buca^I Indica, Buckan- i in Meghalaya Gmelina Arbora

Poincinia Regio(Golmuhor), Jagaranda minosifoli I, Gx*avoll.ia Robusta (S.llvfjr Oak), Tj-':g erstrocmBa F].oreginea,Alstonia Scholaria, Butea Frondosa, Callintoinon viiainalia, Salix Babylonica, OaHsin Fistula, Cassia Siamoa, Evythina Varsir •i'tn, Glinr idoa Sapium, Thuza Orientalia, Oupressus Toruloaa, Crypto- meria J.rpnicri and etc,.

Eucaly^t^. C:ui, ao-vuieia, lilucalyptiis oitriodor i, Ponulus deltoides, Populus Lauv'jg ita, A.o:-c.ia Tortullis, Albizzia .molucanna, Kyd'. 'j o .Llyoina and etc .

Allanthus glanoult.:B!Morus Alba, Lit sea opp. , »>uerous spp., Maohilus spp

Leucanea Leuoaphalia (Kubabul), Artocarpus spp., Bauiiinia spp., Morus Alba, Litsua spp. Ficus Bungalensio, Ficus cunea and etc.

i) Specius for iffoi’estation

Alnus, Ndpalensis, Albia^Ja P-ocer^, Quarcus dial at a, Sr hlina wallii^hil,Oil] e 1 i 1 la Ar b o .r 1 a, 0 a t uic p t i a sp p , Ficus spp. I Plnus Kaaeya, Eucal^tu.a, 0 asilariiv:i Equi sf;t ifo 1 ia ( i.n Mi;inipur)

and etc.

- F -

BUILDXiÔ TIMBER SP.gOXES i

1.2 ,

3.

4.

6 .7*

a.

9,

10. i1 o

1;^

13.

H .

15 .

16.

17.

ia .

19.

rô,

2 1 .

2 2 ,

2?.

24.

25.

26.

27.

23.

2 :-i.

>0 .

Albiaia Odor* i.t iabim-'i

Terminalis b. ■ 11ir1c:i

Iiag ti I’ a t r 0; lui i a 1 a o e o 1 t a

Phoebv. opp.

Biaohofia j ivaiiioa

Mioh'^lla app

Soh 1 mr’ W liohiohi i .

OlDii.iiiionLun opp.

Art 00 arpU6 chap lr.0ha

Ohuki’ as a in. Va lut 1 n? i

BilLlnla spp,

DIpturooarpUB app.

'^nwlina arborua

Al irur thuei intîgritolia

Terminalla myriocarpa

Adina oordlfolia

Dipteroo arpi iinacr ooarpas

Hopea glabra

TurTnl nal 1 a . Oh( sula

Syzy^ lLun spp,

Altingla exoelc i

G t: t ?.nn i ■ h,y e b r i a

MV. 3 a' I f 10 r 1 b and ii

Al it ho o vj p ha Iiia o hi no na i s

0 iroya arborea,

Meaiia ferra,

C a r al 1 i a, b r a o h i a t

Manî f:lr' Ind ica

Shore'i aesamioa

M.:iohliiiB mac ar ant ha.

31# A 'z ad i.r’ \o h t *.i ind i o a

32. Hanitoa poly yndra

3 3 . iphan:imlxia

34. 3ter':30Gpe;rmLi]:ri Buroonatam

3 5. r ro am 1 a hyp o 1 w uo a

3 6, Sher o a ro buBt a

3 7. Iâl b arg i a t; j a b o o

36. Too na o i1iat a

39. Dyooxyliun malabariomn

40, Albrizla prooera

41# Jii^lane rogia.

s-140-J

au\p'rîi H IV f4

P{)W^l( AND Rt-SOUHC.T’S OF

It. h-irdly n-- dii any ^- mi tiasis tliat Powm la orv of:

most imix)rtant and critlc^ti inpul for dr^v<^lonmotit of

pooplf^ and an -It cou Ld nut to twn ciif f'^r'^nt* tyor>g

of U3 «s “ usr^ of Dow-ar foF w^lfirr> activitl^ 'S for thf

ppûpio and-uer> of fo r produt4:lvo . In th^

fnrmr^r catogory would cun^ such usns ae foj: boeplt ils,

schools ,n ira l oloctr if lc u t io n '^tc. In th^ 1-itty-r cntogory

now^^r would b« uB<^.j|for rnajtir undni'^dlum Indus tri^ s , sma I !

and cottarjo Industrl<^6 , i r r ig ii Lon/tranj xu:t €< canmunic«t ions

and construr^t inn s^ctorfs. 'J'hus powor coniûin.ition arevid«-e

a nri' -iswr' for soeio~'^coH''-fn le as W''’>1 1 industi ial d'^V' io 'Drri' flt

in a r-^ginn/et^ t^', W h ll^ th^ pow^>r cenBurnotl on for w<- lf n o

rri' 'isur^ has to bo plann-^d and providnd as a d' lit'''ra-fer-'

go\^^rnmont- p(jLJcy,th<^ commercial consumption would dr^prand

on a riumbr'T of factors iiko th^ ch-âp avîilability of

powr>r/ cl imat*^ tor Industr ies inc’îudlncj a v a l l a h i i i t y ol x avj

matnri 'Îs , transport and c’otnmunication system oto . I t is

r' coiT«Ti'->ndrvd th'it SD«^cific policy mâs .ir^s stiould- hr tak^n

by Stat^-' noV'^rnm'^nt~s to providn for th > total r^quir<^mont

of pow-^r Tor wolfaro no^^ds by making uso of a mix of cenvon-

ti«^na-l and non-conv^-ntionai on rgy sourcr^s. ProdUi^tivn usn

of %hr- ],xjwr.r would b^ both w ith in tho r^^gion and a lso eut

didr tho rr-glon. Any regional surplus of could br

r>x '>ort^d )utsid«^ tho r -gl on a.'t compot it 1 r-itog.

2 , Noi t h '^ a s t.'^rn H^gion has b^r-n ondc3w<^d w ith

vari<^ty of powr^r rr'Sourcr>s~ Hyd<^l/Th'-nnal in thn form of

coal and g a s , g<ô-th-'rma 1 and wind powor. Tt is known that

many cubic f t , of gas is bîRCf flared d a ily and th^ gas

rosc'Urc' s for th- r'''gi'>n hav^ b' - n ost.imatr'^^ at 23 m iJllon

cubic mt.s. Pntontlal cnal r»«> sr>rv for th^ r^(fion 4s- -^stimSt^^d

at 92H m illio n tonn'^s. In regard to hyd' 1 now^^r g^n- r a t io n /

pjoJ-cts 'vith a- g.-n-rating caoaclty of approximat^vly 50 /OOn

MVV tiavo br r n id^-ntif l c i and 1 nvnstigations ol thrêo prrij'-cts

hav^ - Ith^r b< -<n in it ia t e d or about to inltiatr-d

various ?i^<rnci^s.

Thorrforoûniikn uthrr a r ^ a s ,t h o choice of praj»^cts is not

lim ited by a v a i l a b i l i t y of only on« typo of n ^ 8ourcr^s and it

can bo possiblo to docido on a pro:)or mix of powor gonora-

tion ba{ od > >n hydro,gas and coai sourcoe .* Tho-obvious -

p r io r ity w i l l go to hydro sourcoa as thoso ar^ r^n^wab-lo

and running and rna-intonanco cost of fluch projects is v^^ry

low. Thoro could hr i3ottr>r vaiuo addod uso of natural gas

3 B nreduction of f >rtilizore o t c .l n t -till that feirn gas

can teo uS'-'d fer such our'oos'-'o afid '-'fj^'J^cially wh' 'n tho g^|s

is bîng f l a r e d , its uso for oow'-'r g'^n-^'ration wihould als©

attract v-ry higti p r io r it y . U t i l i z a t io n of coal for oowor

g-^n'^tration in such a ac'''>n'^ri« would got v-^ry low priority

and only such coal basod gon^ration projects should bo

takr'n which function inoro or loss 4 iko captivo g'^noration

plants of somo oth'^r in d u stria l uso liko conont factory*

th- actual choico in projoct w i l l /o f courso-,do|>-*nd a lso

on such factors as to rra ln ,so lsm ocity of tho arâvsub— -

morgonc^ and r e h a b il it a t io n probloms and cost o ffnctivonosa

of th^ p ro jo c t . *

In such a fran\r> work tho pActuro of pcjwor comsurnpTr

tion that - no gote in tlv> Npi R<^gion is not qulto happy.

Th - p' 'r capito rdoctir-iclty consumption variod botw^^n 9

KWH in ArunachaJ Pr/ijd-^sh and 36 KWH in Assam during l'J78-79

as agr in^3t -11-Indi i iv-rag^» of 131 13' H. Tho s itu a tio n

is tho-rosult of a v icious c|fcln -th^^ro boing l i t t lo '-fforfcii

t-f:. mor/- pow^^r by tapping tho onorrncuu ial

bocûso tho cofieumf)tion lovol was low dur to abS'-nc'^ of

pnw'^r Int-nsivrs induetrial u n its an+ on-tho oth-r-hand^no

l a r g o industri'^-^s havo somo uti on tho pl<â that Idoqu^to

powor wafi nf t a v a ila b lo ,

4 irj th^ matt-r of rural olrvctrif icit. ion a ls o ,t h r

Nt.)rtli ■âst'-'rn R<^gir.n nr^sonts a v-ry dismal pictur--', Tho

following tablo w i l l show tl -> v il la g o o l .^ctrifiod as in

March/1.>R4 in th-> vari'::>U8 Statos and IJTs In r<^gi(^n 8-

I--142

TAUlr ~ I

~ ~ ~ —■" ““ ^ ~ — I . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^Stato/vr 9 Total numtK r J Vlllagr. nlnctri- 1 Pnrcr'ntagn nf

1 of villago j fl^d ag 'jn i v illage ol^ctri-

J - - . - . 1' n *3 .n4 ( ficatii;n as on1 5 3 1 .3 ,8 4

Assam 21,995 9555 4 3 .44

Ma n 1 n r 1 /J49 532 27 .30

M- rih 1 ay^ 4^585 113n 24 .02

Nag^ laniT 960 3co 6 0 .4 2

Tri ura 4 ,727 i540 (R n p .»R 3 ) 32 .50 (Sopin3 )

AnjnacftiQlPr<ai,l-"'Sh 2,913 697 23 .44

M izoram 229 6^ (S-p,»n3) 2 9 .60 (So p .«R 3 )

All In* la 576 ,126 346000

S..urcr» I Kurcii ^.rcriflc<"»tion Corporation (Gduhati Office ) ,

5 . ' It may 1> S'ôn from thr* abovo Ti?ablr> that whoroas

/U l ~ m a ia n c h i ^ v i n rural nlnc^rif ication has

boon 6n% as on 3i-l~1984Ân scan# of th<-' Nortli—'^nstorn

Rotjion tho i^^rc^ntagr. of i\iral rîr^ctrlfication has not

br < n r>v^n upta 25%^

Supply of PoW'^r in R' git->in s Th*^-s ituation in

T'-'gird to oowor g-'n'^ration hos of lato inprc3v-^d. Th*-' total

install-Nd capa^city in th'^ r-^gioR new-is ef th^-ord«^r of

62-7aGO MW* This (lo^s not 4nclud<^ jpow'^r (jon-îatrsd fj?om *-

sots and micrr'-hy^r.1 proj-^cts^ Folloiîng ar< thr* -

pov7 'r St ti; ns which hav- alr-âdy b' '-'n comtnissi ^n^l in thn

Nt rth "âFIt^rn R'^qi^n*

I’Ahir ~ 2

Mf tjhalayi s

Umiam Stign ~i ,H .r* ,p , - 36.cx:>

Umiarn Stago -ii h .-^*P, - 1 8 ,0 0

Kyrdomkulî ..................~ 6 0 .0 0 m

Umtru «. 1 1 .2 0 Ma/

Giro H ills Th-'rmal Prgj'-ct - 5 ,0 0 4W

Su]>-total - 1 3 0 .2 0 W

Tr i lurn

Gumti H .P , 1 5 . 0 0 M-/

A S o -im

Namrup Th'-'rmai Station , -

Chandra >ur Th-rrnal Static n -

Be;nga i(âon Th'^nm 1 S t j t ion ~

Lakwa Gas Turblno Station

Mobllo Gas Turblrm S o t s . -

Sulj-total -

Rncijbonal Schr^mn u ietBPCO)

K o p ili H .F .Piroj--ct

(Khandong P .H .)

M-iniour (C entraljSo cto r)

Lokt 'k H .T . P . " -Otlî^rs (Micro Hyd'^.l & Di^s^'l^

Tai\gj

( S a y ,

11^1,50 MW

3 0 .0 0 W]

1 2 0 ^ 0 0 HV

4 5 ,0 0 W

2.1 . 0 0 MIV

3 2 7 .5 0 MW

5 0 .0 0 MW

1 0 5 .0 0 Ml / 7 6 . 0 0 MW

"/03 .70 MTV 704 MW)

7#, - - li^sid'-'B tho projects air--''dy commissit^n'-'d, follewiivT

projects aro nith-^r awajtiflg fcfDnnal a ■>'^roV'l ( o ,g ,

Doyang) or in various stages of oX'''«cutjon

TA.3IP 3

Narno of Proj'^cts

1

Insta 11 r d Ca luci ty Yâr of

CommisGirjn .

Ass -Jin ia04-«85

i , Bangaigaong Thr>rrnal p . S . ( T ) 2X 60 MW ~ Unit i l l

Unit IV B5-R6

2 . Narnrup Wastr, H-^t(T)

3 . Likikr' a Gas Tuibinc ('1’ )

4 . Dorgola i Th-^rni 'l St ti n

(T)

5 . Chandra pu r K x t . ( 'I')

6 . Low^r uarapr'ini (it)

7 . Lakwa Was I.-' Hr-at(T)

• Lvikwa Pha gr>--V I (T )

Q. D h an s ir i (H)

1 X 22 m-

1 X i5 MW

2 X 3 v hW

li;n4-R5

Unit I B5~B6

Unit T

Unit iT-boyi;nd ' 19R9-9r

1 X 3 0 MW 1 9 R 7 - 8 H

2 X SO MW t'Unlt I R 6 - B 7

{ U n i t I I R 7 - R R

1 X 22 M l ' J 0 R - R 9

4 X 1 5 MW 3lsl: & 2nd s^t

5 1 9 R 7 - R B

jard ^ 4thi - 1 9 R R - R 9

1 5 X 1 . 3 3 M W 5 s-ts in 1 9 R R - R 9

!?iiO s^ts in19R9-9 0

t-144-1

ManiiJi.it

1 , Nangchuy W*ing (h )

2, Micro (h )

3, Khoga Micro (h )

4 , Boeing hyd^l (h )

5 , T h U J U (H)

Mogha jay a

1 . Umium-Umtr-i--iv

iLkM m .

1 , M^rani micro (h )

2, IBaramura ci« a s (t )

Nagaland

1 . Dhiphu (H)

Arunachal Pracl^sh

1 , Tago Ch )

Central Soctor

1 . Doyang (H)

2. Kopili (H)

3. Giro H ills (t )

Total

3 X 0 ,5

2 X 0 ,2

1 .5

2 X 0 ,5

3 X 2«5

2 x30

1 MW

2 x 5 M V/

1 MW

3 xl*5

MWII

3 x 35

2 X 50

2 X 30 •'

During 84-R5 « B 2 ,0

During 7th Plam63®,t MW

H^yond 7tliPlan*= 9 # ,0 0 W

Grand Total n=802«00 MW

19n5-86

iyR6~n7

i9n7-nR

I9n6~n7

19B7-n8

I9flf.-a9

19n 6-.R7

1905-86

19R5-R6

1st sot 19R7-RR2nd and 3rd s^t 19RR-R9

19R9-90

19R5-R6

beyond19R9-90

B, Tho inv'^stiqations of fdllowing 26 idontifi^d hyd^l

jiroj^cts with a generating capacity of api>r<^xln(atr>ly^30,CC)D

MW havo oi^h^r b^^n initiated or about t^ br. initiated by

var-i-us ag»"nci^s. In fact,reports on Sfim'-* of th»- proj^^Kfcs

li^> Ranganadi Stago i (405 M^O/Karnr»ng (600 MW) ,Tipaimukh

(1500 MV;),Subansiri(4RCKDl^),Dihang-(20000-I^l)7Dhans4ri(2^ Ml O

and Thoubal{7 ,5 MW) hav< a i r ^ a d y - p r ^ ^ p a r ^ d , T-h'-' namo

of thn ^roj'^Gte - nd th<^ir «jsp«>ct<^ g^-n*^ratior>n arr» lndlc»t'*d

jJ^lt W 5 —

TABL‘D - 4

S I . }T'o„ g

Pro j'^ct *) Tlxp'^ct'~'(l cjr> iTrsrti t ion

1 -nLyn-n id i (A r jm c h a l Pr-=id '^h) 5(j5 m

2 « Di-lfil'JO \v* 11 fJiJ I i'-J-L *r j. *-i Cif ' ) iOOO HAf

3^ DJ.krotuj (A m n a c n a i Pradesh) 1 0 0 MW

4 , Pat ':: ('Anu)aciia .1 Pradnpli) no Mi f

.S T!.\iv'ai. (Pi j.zor> uii) 200 MW

h, Dlic.ioswc;r:i. (Mi.<:.orarn) 16')

7 o Kimong(Arunacha 1 i-'radr sh) 60( MW

Tipalnukh (T r iju n ct io n of As.^sam/

Ma n j [XX r a nd M iaoI'ain) 15 ^0 m

9« T.oktak Dounstr-am (Mani'xir } 150 MW

in« Tu^vai (Manirwr ) 6 t» MW

i I . I-Qwo r Da ra k ( Ma n 1: m r )90 MV/

1 2 , Trang (Manlour )xoo riw

1 3 . Thoubcal (Man.inur) > - 7 .5 MW

14 „ Su b a n a ir i (Arunachal ©ifa<1-si'i) 4R0O Ml'I

15 , Unhang fArunaclv 1 Pral-sh) 2 0 0 0 0 m

1 6 . L^ekha (M-^ghalaya) 1 0 0 NH

17 . amljng (M-^ghalaya) 150 MW

18 . II np^ r Da ra oa n i (A e s am) 6 '» MW

19^ Mi' cdr liaraoani (Ass,51m) 60 W

20« Lcwnr K opili (Absam)100 MW

,1 • Arnxiijij33

22. K o p il i St...jO -11 (Assam) 1R5 MW

23c D h an sir l (Assam) 2 0 Ma/

i; 4 Ky n h i (M< q lia 1 a y a ) 600 MW

2 5 , ima w a 1 (T r 1 pu 1 a ) 10 MW

26, ar rlui-D & Tuiv.ii (Mizo'iram) 6 u

3 1 7 3 0 ,5

1 00on MW

T o tal tor Sriy

--Unnid^'S tli^ obrivn pro jects-on whicti Inv-s^^.i'fi tlon

workB l i o a dy-b- -n - 1.n 11 ia t-d , t h- f o 1 low / i f i g t Ign-

tlr>ne r,l3 0 h ivr b--n id^nt: lf ior'’ bv v ir io us iqr-nrAns for

V 'l n g t iK^n up r -

S-148-1

l A B L t - 5

SJ . Nc .

1.2 .

3.

5 .

f).

7.

B,

5.

1 U,

11 .1 2.13.

U .

P r n j F c t and S t a t e

U p p ^ r S u h a n e l r j ( A r u n a c t i a l f J r ad ^sh)

R j k n r ( A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h )

F r i t a i l ( A r u n o r h a l P r o d e s h )

I rJ iopo ( A r u n s r h a l P r a d e s h )

K o l o d y h B ( N J z o r a m )

Dl bonq ( A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h

L o h i t ( A r u n a c h a J P r a d e s h )

Naya D i h l n q ( A r u n a c h a l PradE^sh)

Karneinq ( I J 1 t h s t o r a q r r e e t j r w o l r ) ( A . P . )

Pakke ( A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h )

fânu Jc Dho ( T r i p u r a )

fâklanq ( M a n i p u r )

f x[ i entedG e nojra t_i o

E?OG nu

2700 nu

3500 MU

11 BO MU

400 nu

3000 MU

4500 fviU

3B0 MU

2000 MU

90 MU

20 MU

75 MU

90 MU

_ J 0 £ MU

1B475 MU

10500 MU

S a n a l o k ( M a n i o u r )

Papum Puma ( A r u n a n h a l P r a d e n h )

TOTM L !

Say

y.rotncjL^y fo j^^êyppth Plant

1(1, The s t r a t p q y f o r d e v e l o p m e n t o f p o u e r p r o j e c t a i n

t h e Nnrt)-! E a s t i n u o l u e s snmt: i m p o r t a n t p r o b l p m s . Aa i n d i c a t e d ,

t h e r r q i d i n h a 3 he fDn fnrKiued u/ith a v a r i e t y o f pouerI I i ^t p s n u r r e a h u t has t he l i m i t e d ' r ionstimotion o f p o u e r . The

R e g i on at p r e s e n t has an I n s t a l l e d g e n e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y

o f 704 HU u h i r h i s e x p e c t e d t o r e a c h 706 PIU by t he end1

o f S i x t h F i v e Y e a r P l a n . G e n e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y o f a n o t h e r

630 nij i a e x p e c t e d to be added from t he P r o j e c t s u n der

e x e c u t i o n o r ' a a w a i t i n g a a n c t i o n d u r i n g the 7 t h P l a n

p e r i o d . T h u s t h e a n t i c i p a t e d s u p p l y and demand p o s i t i o n

i n the r e g i o n i s aa f o l l o u s J~

I . SUPPLY OF POlilER

^ ^ j - s t l ng G e n e r a t i n g *

1 , Ple q l i a l ay a

, 1 Hydro

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i m p o r t a n t i m p l i c a t i o n on o i l (^.onsumption i n

t h e h o u s e h o l d s e c t o r . A d v i s o r y B o a r d on E n e r g y

has a l s o s t r e s s e d t h i s f a c t and o b s e r v e d t h a t

at pr esr n t as much as o f l,he e n r r g y consumed

in h o u s e h o l d s e c t o r In t he r u r a l a r e a s i s f rom

non-*comn)erci a l e o u r c e s and in t h e l o n g r u n i t

I s to bf rf p l a c e d i , i l th el t. c t t i c i t y , S p e c i a l

fi rogrammes may, t l T e r e f o r e , ne t a k e n up i n the

t-lS*?-:

S* VM n t h PJ nn to i xpr ri.ltf! bhf peno o f house h o l d

f,.1 r n t r i f i r e t if.'n, T I' i r u u i i K i l , .loufii' r n t c s may

i n i t i n l l y to rh'^rnf: f o r h ' U s ' . h o l d cnnnf c t l n n r , ,

Rsff n j n l l y .in thf nr t j ns a r o u n d h i x i s t i n q / o n u o i ng

pouLT p r Gj f : c t H "!0 d s U ' h rotR.'i; cou J d Q r n d u r l l y

bi i n c r t : n s t d h r i n q l n q t.hf;m on no r i . i i th thr? nnim.-<l

r a 1 1' 8,

RJJMnjABL/^ R_rS(1 URr£3^ 0 £ / NERj^l

1'* Tl i 0 NF; Rt q l on h#is t'hiindrn' : I'lydrn pnyr ' r , f n r R s t

pnd h j n-nip?:'s r f s o u r r o s . In ^jomr r i d q R s end sJopss o f hi], la

SI./if I uinrlG b l o u , uhfrej u i n d ene;rqy cnn bti p r o f i t a b l y hae-

nf5; - ; td, Intf.n ^ l ty of :>un in Tinny arf-na a r r q u l t n h.1gh and

thcrr . r r f df f i n i t e scopt: nf making ciood use o f s o l n r Emc.rrjy

i n thtiRej r r r a s . Rut thf reg ion an a Dhol o la c h a r a c t e r j sod

by hr;0 \/y r r ^ i n f a l l rnri c l ou d y sky f o r t ;onBlderabl c p e r i o d o f

ttu yei??r, utiifjh rriaket) t o t 1 dopendencG on aolr ; r nnf^rqy f or

URc o t h L T tlian i r r J o r ' t l n n (i,/he.re; f.n< rny i s r e q u l r o d

ooGrj^ti pump d u r i n g dr y dny^i u h i n h t ' lmost l n v a r i ? } b l y are

suniiy) i i n p r p c t i n p b l e , HouiBWer s n l a r Cnerqy can bn v r r v o r o -

f i t ' t l y u t i . l i a e ’d to suppl rmnn t o t h G r forniG o f en cr oy sne'cia. l lv

f ) r ( j h o a t l i k G h f p t i n o u a t r r n r d r y i n g p m c u s s G a B , i n r u r a l ,

Li"'h n '<s u b J I t'S i n d u s t r i a l y r r t o r s #

Th'. r i r,, hoijtiup'r, l a c k o f data i n rt spr . c t o f

'‘‘ . ' ■ f r t r i n t r c n b l ( n o u r c t s o f cnci tqy u i t h o u t u l i i c h s y s t e -

m M c n l - ' n o i n q hDCJmt^s d i f f i c u l t . T h e NEI TCO uaa engaged by

' ht f o r c o n d u c t i n g n p r o - i n v e v'5tment s u r v e y f o r b i o - q a a

d \/R 1 o nmr n t , Tho re - nor t rncomfncnded a l arge; number o f v i a b l e

l o c ^ i i i o n o ffjr a c i t t i n q up h i o - q a a p l a n t s i n the^ c o n s t i t u e : n t

u n i t s . Some, e f f o r t s have^ been mode f o r i n s t a l l a t i o n o f b i o - -

nf"G nl ant , s • nd a o l a r and l i i n d e ne^rgy d e v i c a s on n i l o t b a s i s

ufi '( r 3 sc;henu. sno n so r Bi l by NEC, Br s i d e s , a feu d a t a ri t jLlen~

t i ' j n Cl n ' T f i s - i i n l s o b r i n g nut u p ,

1 • I t hp: to be e mn h a s i s S d t h a t f o r p r o p e r p l a n n i n g

f. i t ln- i J y i n lF m c n t r t i - i n , f o l l . o u up and m o n i t o r i n g a r e

. n 1 f o r succLL.c: n f RPE programme and i t i s p o s s i b l e

1-161'

to r>chU^\yt. rsuch r & s u i t s o n l y i f S t e t E Go v/cjrnmE n t s c t e at&

Bf f f c t i v c n r q a n i a a t i n n f i l s e t u p f o r t h i s D u r p o s t .

1>. T n r t h r b u c c b s s o f RPT nronrpmriiB, e x t r n s i \ y f ‘ dpta

c o l l t c t i n n Rod r iocumejntntIon u n r k s ( i n i B s n c c t o f c n B r o y

a w a i 1 a h i J. i t y , c r g r q y r e r| u i r g m g n t p n r1 f t. e ri back r g c t i \' e d

from thci opi r a t i o n MRSE P l a n t s and d r v / i c i s ) , i: .ec;hnicaJ

r c s f - a r c h and (Jf: vi. lo pfii nn t ( t o di ur-.lop p l a n t s and d r u i c E . s

moat s u i t a b l E f o r the N o t . R r g i o n ) , r c nn o m i n re.eciprcheg

(t,G vBtudy Gconomjcs o f n o n - co n V t n t i n n a . l t n o r q y w i s - o - v / i s

c o n w E n t i o n a l e n e r g y and p r r p a r p p r o j f c t i o n n f such c o s t s

to 1990, 1 995 and V’GOO AD) and ao c i o - 1 conornlc r r s r a r c h r s

(to GV/aiiip+e t o t a l i m p a c t o f u s e o f NRSE on s o c i a l l i f e o f

thp d j f f r r e n t s c c t l o n o f t he p o p u l a t i o n ) may he u n d e r t a k e n .

I i- u i l l bo a l s o h e c r s s a r y to t r a i n manpouer f o r i m p l e m e n t a

t i o n , o p e r a t i o n and ma i n t t nancf o f NRSt schemes. N o r t h

E a s t e r n C o u n c i l may h e a r the above r e s e a r c h , dewel opment

data c o l l e c t i o n and t r a i n i n g c o s t s .

10. R i o - q e s has t r e me n d o u s p o t e n t i a l i n t h e NE R eg i on s

end t h o r n has a l r e a d y an o y a r e n e B s among the p e o p l e a b o u t

t h i s r r neua bl f a e n e r q y s o u r c e . A w i a b l e u n i t f o r an a u e r a q e

f a m i l y w i l l bt. o f 4 c u . m . c a p a c i t y . C o s t u i l l be a b o u t

Rp. 1 5 , Onn .nn , Heads o f ca 11 l e / a n i ma 1 r e q u i r e d to f e e d t he

p l a n t u i l l ht; 5 to 6. T a k i n g t he p e r c a p i t a f u e l u n n ^ as

0 , 6 t o n n e s , each b i o - g a s u n i t u i l l sav e about 0 , 3 0 t o n n e s

(30 q u i n t a l s ) o f uood per y e a r u h i c h u o u l d be o t h e r u i s e

c^htai ned by f e l l i n g t r e e s . The r e g i o n ’ s l i v e s t o c k p o p u l a

t i o n ais f s t i n i a l , e d at 1, h m i l l i o n ( a c e o r d i n q to 1979 f i q u r e s )

Even i f 7i0% o f the u a s t e s o f t h i s l i v e s t o c k p o p u l a t i d n c o u l d

be u t i l i s e d , more t h a n 26( ’ m i l l i o n c u b , f t , o f qas u o u l d be

a \ / a i l a b l f bo p r o v i d e c o o k i n g fuel, to t he h o u s e u i v e s , s t r e e t

l i g h t s and d o m e s t i c l i g h t . He e i d e s t h e l i v e s t o c k u a s t e , t h e

r e g i o n abounds i n a o r o - u a s t e , I o r e s i , - i j a s t e and p l a n t s l i k e

Liat er h y d c i n t h u h i r h p r o v i d e rau m a t e r i a l ( o r b i o - q a s p r o -

due L i o n . The t e c h n o l o q i e s u h i t ; h ar e a v a i l a b l e from t he

Sc h o o l c f A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h , S a n q l i and o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s

and i s h a n d - o p e r a t e d c o u l d p]o\/idf:; an anaue>r to many remote

;1rfa3 i n i he. No r L l l - E . i d t , ThE; 111 dtiVeltTped I ' ee h n o l o g y c o u l d

a l s o be t r i e d , ;

Tfi. h.\^(^rnqc: I.iim:! i n ' i c v i Jfnait^y ( uJ th n vi: r r nt-

\/r. lDc1ty nf 7i tn B kl^Pll) I n iTinny iir,-nn f t' 'u-'od n f thi . r ; iion

rnakf's w 1 ndm 111 1', fvmr^ibXc f n i • i r r i p a i - . l n n ^ f n r V'u ioyr--.

d o me B t l c nnd communn.y u u r . r.)3t:n nn u i n d V B l n n i h y i rn t

n v a i l f b l o f o r t h r Gnt. i rr . n^^ninn. At P: - . i : inhnt ,m- ' T u l i n t i i n

A r u n o r h rl F’rf-;di)fi h, t.ho avDraqt- i . i ind rspcH U r i ’ r;nrdn-| j,8

9*B KPIPH, I n mony a n - a s o f N a g a l g n d , rir-if1 1 1 yn

and r i c m l p u r , tht. fnucrafV- ' j i n d y p r n d uerjt^f^ frnm 3 to 6

K f’’] P ij t; r &! .1 n u s p fj r ■ d i j 5 n (.J rii i .1} r*., i n o p b r e t o *

thpRfi H 11t r n n h j v/n unc-irgy av^t cima, hniwnyer,

suf fr .r finrn tuo d i f f i n i l t.1 o-i' - c ? i p l t a l c n s t hmj t n bn

found r o r i. ihinh t h r r q J f: no J o c a l r c g p o nnd h n r f l l y iiiiich

i n f n r r n R t I o n , T h ^ y c c o n d I k th.- t t h o h i q h r is l < f a c t o r

i n v n l v f . r i 5n unknown t n r h n o l d i o y m- kq s I t net:o8 3 .‘- :ry t o hove

sorriL' n f f o r t by t h r S t a i r to u n d p r t a k G n i l o t p r o j p n t a i n

n o n a i d p r a b l G numbL^r. Tha nre8t- ,nt na r . tfih^tnrs o f nns.1 s t a n c e

f o r i n s t i t u t l o n f i l f u n d j n q Q l t h r r f rom RPC o r the. Hr. p i t . o f

N o n - ^ c o n v r n t i n n a l F w I'Qy Hny h: VD to bi tf.-viei.aGd and o t h e r

friLnhaninm, ft r un d Kr t a k i . nq o i . l o t p ] o ] t c t s may hav/p t o be f'Vo.lve’d*

Adfjc'Uati; and inoo\/ati\/o f u n d i n g d e v i u e a f o r

I'ndt::^t<?kvinr.i n s p e n i f i c a.I trn-n.'-^t 1-ve o n e r q y pyat»)mss taasod

ai. -^n.-^ch r e q u i r e d , Cona'i dtiral:^ .Ir f - upport f rom S t a t n

t x n h ( . o u t r js C i t t r i n l y a mu^at. I n s t.i t u t i o n a l f u n d in g c a n -

no+ ho l o U t f d t n a s n p c i f i c v n l l a g e i n the c i r c u m s t a n c e s

o f t he t e r r ' - i n , qt.onr. j p h y . and o t h e r pr obl emB o f the N o r t h -

Ea>:5t, Mut i t may ho p u a s i h l o to hav/t an ar raf i oement o f

■1ri;.t.1 t u t i r n a l f u n d i n g and s t a t e G x c h o q u o r s u p p o r t to be

t e n t r n l . i G i . d f i t h o r a t t h t r e g i o n a l l e v o l t h i o u g h the! NEC

o r a1, hhL State. IrM/r 1 . I n o t h e r u o r d p , i f f i n a n c i n g

.1 n a t t u l i o n n t t c sr"! up f ar d e v e l o p i n g ro n eu.ab le r o a n u r r ' ea

n f rnf r n y th(. un d^ ^ r t ak i n g n f i n \ / G , s t i g a t i n n , i n s t 11 at 1 on,

n n m n iis s io n ln g ani. mair i tenencF! o f BUch p r o J r j i t R cnrt bR Huhr

a y a t n m a l . i c a l .1 y * C a r e has tn be t n k e n t h a t sucfi p r n j f - r t a

ha\'ei nlcjw c a p i t a l i n t n n s l t y , s i m p l i c i t y o f t e r h n u l o o y ,

t r r - i i f i j ng i n nut f n r 1. o n a l manfiot./r;r den/elopment and adt-. guat e

r o m m u n l t y o t t f ' n t i o n and s u p p o r t a r e b u i l t i n t o t h e v o r y

e y a t r m o f t n k i n o up pr o ) p e t s j n the N o r t h - E a s t ,

I-163-S

Wllloqes for eloctrifiicatlons through RRE should

be Id D D t i f le d , Atlenst 200 ullloges may be r j e c t r i f l e d on

8 p ilot baeJs during the Seventh Plon through now and

rEinei/ahlB resources of energy,-

23 . The programme in RF?E st ctor shall neu emf;rge ■

out or dismonstrBtion phase and should be taken up on a much

larger and cnmmnrclal Gcale. In order to launch re a l ly

big programme, Stntes/lJTe uould have to set up apfjciflc

agencies /corporntiona so that a large number of projects

could he undortaken u i t h the help of in s t itu t io n a l f inance .

It may also be considered uhether instead of giwing subsidy

to indiu idual or groups of b e n e f i c i a r i e s , such an agency /

corporation produces energy from various sources and so ils

the Gnerqy to the b e n e f i c ia r i e s .

CHAP'l^^R IV .5

FLOOD CON'-iROL

Th»-r;p a m t:wu orinclpal riv^^r svst^'ins in thv

N o r t l i - T ^ a s i U gioti/ Dr hniaputra £ind the Barak , The

a H r v ia l Dlains of the Brahrnajxitra and the Barak V a l io y

by thr> mighty Brahn-i’xitra and Barak and ari=»

pron^ to floods by th'^R'^ rivers and th*îr fcrlbitarir^s.

Srat-nna,3Utra Rjvor Svst»^m

2 * Tho BralTnia|-;iutra which is a major intp>rnatlonal

wat'^rway of th^. oast has its sourer^ in a glaci<^r mass in

thn Northern most chain of Himalayas in th# Southwest of

T ibot about Ro^ ^âst ,c a l lr.d Kublngancja, Sr'VPial trlb.it a..

ri'-'S join th^' infant rlvnr from tho pass of Manassarovar

lakr^ arra in which two oth^r grrât rlv rS/thie Indus and the

Sut.lr^J,havr thr-ir sources a lso . The Tsangpo (sacrod rivor

to thr 7’ibr^tanH) as thn rivor if; known In T lb n t ,f lo w s through

Tiliet (f’h ina ) for about 1 ^.)0 U m il^s nastwars in t h^ Tib<^tan platnau v i z ; Shigats(^,chusu 1 Dzong

and Ts'^la Dzong . From n-âr R3^' o ast , th^ Tsangpo has a

widr^ navigable chann '^l/it is perhaps thr* most r<^markablf-^

high altltûd- inland wat rwav in th^ w orld ,boats p lying to

anci fro foi 400 mil- s at t»v ItK r^d ibl^ h^'îght of 1 2 0 0 0 ft*

abov-^ sr'Q lovr>i. At Ts«^la Dzong,,thr' Tsangpo is joined by

th- Gyamda and it is two mil^^s widr^ at th<' conflur^nco.

Further âpt of Po(96RO f t * ) th > r i v n is broad^^r s t i l l ,

and th^n turning abixiotly to north and northr-ast it mak^s

its way through a succossion of stupendous gorg<^s b^'tw^r'n

the high mountain massn.ss of Gyala Pr^ri (2 3740 f t , ) and

Namchebarwa (25445 f t . ) . Through th^se doon narrow gorg-^sît

ru;ih-^s down in a series nf caacad"^n and rapids turnlncj round

the rang'' in a iiair-*pin b"nd wh^re it t a k 'S in , from north ,

the Po flaang Po. Then turning to the south and south west it

em-'rges from the fo o t h ills under the names Biang and thien

Dihang u n t il near Sadiya it me^ts Dlbang and L o h it ,w hereafter

it is known as the Braiimaputra. According to the s t a t is t ic s .

furnished by the Brahmaputra Board, the catchmmti area of

r iv e r Bralnmavxj tra is 5 , 7 3 , 5 0 0 s q .k n , and it is 28R0 km. long,

of which 1625 K m .l ie in T ib e t ,9 1 R Km .in Ind ia and 337 Kiri.ln

Bangladesh . I t s annual flow is nearly 6 1 ,6 5 m .h a m .(5 0 0 m a f .)

j-16 i : »

and thr s l i t ch^rgn is 3700 H o c t (3 lakh a c m f n - t . ) ,

3* Tho Bra!irri3putra flows in gr'ntly in tho wr>stnrly

dirf^ction thrcagh Assam V a l ln y . Thr> BrahnfKirxitra is a

braidnd r ivo r a l l along its length in Assam and Bangladosh ,

Thn rivr^r b^^d and banks aro Ijtiilt of fin^^ a l lu v ia l s o i l .

From Kobo to Dhubri its b-->d slof^o varios from 1 in 3 7 JO to

1 in 1 0 / 0 0 0 . Th< av'^ragn flood l i f t at Dibrugarh is 4 motors/

at 4 . 5 m^t'^rs/at Pandu 9 motors and at Dhubri 6 motr^rs.

Tho maxiruuni obso,rvod discharg-'^ of tho Drahmauutra at Pandu

in 1962 waa 6 2 ,0 0 0 cumocs and tho minimum dischargo is of tlio

ord-r of 4 300 cumocs, it Is furth'^r joinod by 42 t r llu ta r io s

in Assam, 27 on th-> North Bank and 15 on tho South Bank. Tho

charact-r int ics of tho North bank tr ib u tar ies and th'-' south

bank t r ib u t a r ie s vary w id e ly . G©nora1l y , tho north bank

tr ib u ta r ie s a.to much b iggor in s lzo and thoy havo stoop

sloTJos Hid shallow bra idod channo la . Thoy gr»noraily h4 v«»

flash floods and carry high s i l t chargo and quito o ft^n

chang- courso , Tho south bank tr ibutariog havo canoarativoly

fla t grados ,doop moandoring chan n els ,an d carry comp-irativoly

low s i l t ctiargo, TKjoy st<;'iblo in naturo . Tho r a i n f a l l in

tho basin in Ind ia is vnry h ig h . I t varlos fioml74 cm in tho

wostern >art (Kcimrup d i s t r i c t ) to 640 cm in tho north-oastorn

part (Arunachal P rad o sh ) . Bulk of tho r a in fa l l (R5%) takos

placo during tho months of Hay to Soptombrr. Tho south-wost

monsoen is r-snr ns ibl^^ for bulk of tho ra jn fa l] in tho

Br'Uimaputra Vall-^y. B^foro tho mongor:>n,Somo rqinfalJ takos

placo in tho months r f A o r il and May du#» to thundorstorrn

act iviL i^'S ,

4 . Tlir' Brahmaputra valley is about RRO Km Ir nc in

Ind ian to rr ito ry ,o u t of which 120 Krn is in A ru n ach il Pradesh

1 2 ^ Km is in Assam . I t is R0 -9f5 Km w ido , out of which tho

rivor it s o lf occuni^-s 6 to 10 Krri. At p laces , jt is 15 Km.

w ido . The vallo;r is surrounded by h i l l rn thre- .gidos. This

narrow vallo y surrounded by h ills w ith b avy r a in fa l l

concentrated during 4 / 5 mcnths 1© tho main causn. of fr«i*^uont

flo o d s . Unliko other parts cf tho country, th f irst flotxi

v i s i t s t.he val i.r y in Jun and once tiv' Br'Jiina xitra Is bankful ,

it continues to romain so tilJ tho middle of Seotojrib'^r and

a fow days hoaisy r a i n f a l l in tho catchm< nt cause-;; a flood in

t ho B ra hima mi t ra ,

This rtxplnin?^ Ih' v i s i t of 3-4 wavrs of flood in a s'^nson.

hnforr' cno wavn of fit od fu l ly sul^sic^nii, it is vlsltr-d by

another. In consnqiir-nc<^, i vast ar<->a ' f tlio vallny rf ni '* Ina

auVm-'rg'-d by thr^ f lood wat^^r for cilinost mf^ntlts in a

yoar . Th< problem has bncom^ moro cono.licatod cjfh-r i\\n

'ârthfiuak'^ of 1^5r wh^^n th<" r< wag cons it ’ ''xabl^ b ;] riG'- in

tli- Hrahmanjt.ra in th'^ Uop'^r Anaam region rô ultin g i n

upp'-'ttinq of th< drainage syet^m

5‘, TY\r Drilima’o u tn l>aRlQ Is high.lv s-ismic. It

^XH'^ri^nnr^d S'^v->ral major irthquak^s in r^^^c^nt t Th?'-

'ârthquako of in97 and 1^50 in this r'-'glrin ar^ lath'd aru’)cj=5t

th^ Sr»vor#ât rârttinfuak^s that havo occurnr] in thr> w/^r'u; ‘=;n

tho 1 j50 r>f)rthquakr^,th > drainage systr'im of th^ Vo]^^r Af,' .m

T'^-'gion was gr- atly affoetid , Du'^ to oco.irr'ncn of

landslid'^s in th< l iiils ,s ilt charg-^ in th^ rjv<*>r I nr. “f'-d

to sjch an oxt-nt that tlir rivr-r b^d at Dibnigarh r gi-c j’-d

a ris^ of 3 m^t- rs in on- soaeon.

Another ma jor problem of th- v a lle y is bank

<^rosi('»n. Largo ar^'âs aro r»rod-'d aw ay nvr^ry y< {?ir by tho

r i v ^ r , Th'*' chirNf- caus.^ of -^rosicn is unst ■'.bility of thn.

riv-r which is du< to high s i l t charge- much hv^yond t h

carry!ncj caoricity of thr> r iv ' 'r , Anoth'^r iiiportint factor in

its agr> t^^md^ncy to s h i f t scuth-ward duo to bririglng

in o f high s i l t chiarg-' by th-' n^rth bank trllîitari'-vn to -

th'îr coneiu-^nc'^ v;ith th '' main riv r . Th^r^ ar- ir-’W olacr'S

I?llc i as C?umi/Howlighat, M oriahola , otc•Wh'^rf'5 dur> to ronnat'^d

attack by th^ r ivrr th- ^mbankm'^nt had to 1 > rr^tlr^d as

many as >*—1 0 tlm-^s, S'^rionsn'^v'^s of th^ nrr^blrm can }>-'

gaug-^d In/ th-- fact that during 1923 to 19^4,b-^w--n Kj^bo to

Dhubr 1 / thi< Si.)Uth bank had und-''!gcnr> erosion cv-^r a L->rath of

35b km and th - north bank 230 kins. Bank ^roslon r n thr-

trilmtarir^s is no lr>ss s ricjus a problniTi, Lilr/- Hrahmanutra,

th'^ main caus'^ of bank ‘-'rosion of a north -rn tr iH jt ’ry is

Instabi lity of th^ riv'^r channel duo to oxcosslvo. e l l t load

carriod by th<- riV'^r# Th^ problem Is 1 - ss in caso of £?out

«rn trihLitr'rif^s wtiich ar^ m^ând^^rlng in natur*^ and stcU.lo,

Th^ out r curves i f thr' moandr>rs ar^^ subj-^ctod to nrosion Ixjt

ra r.n cif ^ r ' s i n is v^'ry slow*

7# To tackl'-' th^ flood probl<->m of thf' valley ,

constructicn cf flc .d <^nibankm'-nts on thn Hnhrna^xitra and

its trDxitiri^s hns imin method 'Î'jloynd so fa r .

i7...rka cf im :irovr-nn nt of d n in n g r ',r iv ^r training and

tnv;n )rot-ctinn works hav<' also b^^n undortak^n. ConstfiJc-

tt':>n nf ^mbinkinnnts on th- Brahmaix-itru and its triUitari<^s

was Ft rt-'i' -o short t-irim nrot^cti -'n mâ8ur''S with thn lelr a

that th-sff l ;l;uld b--' fitt-^d into th^ long t^rm nlans to b<

tak^n U ’D subsr^cTu^ntly as p'^rman^nt m-âsur^s in th^ villr^y.

Sc far approximat'-'ly 900 Krns of ombankiri'^nts havo ly^hn con

st ructr'd on th^ main riv-^r and 3 2 7 0 ]<ms on th'^ t r ilx itar i^s •

Prc t-'Ction works havr> b<-< n tak^n up in 6 ma jor towns/ 29

minor towns ind 90 villag^^s* 54 Nos .ma jor sluicog and 217

Noa*minor s lu ic e s havo b -'on constructr^d* Ar^â so ftir

protr-'ctr'd frcm flood is 12 .R1 lakh hoct^ros • Tho r>mbank-

mr>nts constDictrd h^vr^ s^'rv^'d usoful piirpoe^' in prot®ating

ar'-âs inundat-~'c' by floods but a ll th^ sam^ th^-y hav'-' l)or>n

found to br inadoquat*^ in majjry r^^BD^cts such as / inad^quato

S'^ction,uncompl'-t^d s'^ction,wâk fo u n d a t io n /in a d ^ u a t r * /

irregular spacing '-'tc,. Th is has r^sult'^d in largr^ numb'^r

of br ach'- s ocruring ^>v^ry y'îr, sP'^cie ily d.iirli;tg h i g h ’

flood y^-ars. In acidition to abovr'^thr^ lirafmaoutra F io rd

Control Commission did som- dr'^dging work in th'^ Bra lima'xitra

Tur<^ly on '^xo/->rim^ntaI b->sis to t'-st thjrj r-eficacy o f such~a

mâsur'^ for arr^'Sting b m k '^rosion in tho Brahmanutra, Th*^

p-rformane-^ of th--' dr'^dg'^rs howr^v- r wao not ccnBid^ rnd

P'^t isf actory ,

IViRAK Rr/BR SY3'in-l

An .-'■ntir''-ly ind^^p-'^nd~nt sub-basin of th-- main

valloy of rivf^r Bra lima put ra lir>s in tho stwth rn rr^gion and

is known as th> Barak. Th'^ Barak valloy lios br^twrôn

Kh isi and Ja intia Hills on thr' north^Manipur on tho nast

and Mizor.)m on th« south and Joins th^ main Bralimaoutra

in Banr? lad'^sh. Th'”' Barak has a catclim<-*nt ar- a of 2-SÔOO sq,

kiTi anc' ra in fall 1b about 300 cm, Tho vallny lir>B mostly in

Cachar d istrict of th.> iitat^ of Assam. Th widtfi of thn

vallo.y b^tw-î^n thr foothills is of th< orooi of 40 to 50

km only.

J-167-*

B i n k is f>( 1 hy t rib\it u i'^s both frtTn th- north nnd

thr- si utlu Th'-r'" ar- s'V^ n north'-rn nnd s ix scuith^rn trlljuta-

ri'-a. Thr- riv-r inr-ik b ifurcatâ at Bhanga , down .stream of

B d ir :iur into rlv-r Sum m and rlv-^r K ushiyara . Th^so riv^^rs

frotn th^ int rnattv'ncal bord-^r with B anyiad^sh . Tho b^ci

of BaraX at pi ic'^R is b--"Iow th< niân s- a loV '^1 and th< gradi-

<^nte of riV'^r Barak and Kusfiiyara ar^ v~ry f l a t . Th -’ flo^d

Irivr l at S i l c h a r /6 0 0 kin away frcoi th - arâîe only 20 M(R ,L) ,

i')Ur to sucli u l \ / ' - t o )0 (jr i:'jhy/flood s p i l l s cannot find

contlnur:)US diainago aloîj th^ v .jilov and remain confined w i

thin thr trilxitary basins t i l l thf Brirak lovnl f ' U s suffi*-

ci' ritly to r-^cdlvr back thn a o i l l * Thus Drarak f lodds backs

up thr trlbuta iio s ,it th ir outfall and makns th -m solll

thoir banks In turn ^^nd almost th^ r>ntim valloy upto thr-

fcf -thillp is sulin^ rred . This i ,*gults in larf/'^ sc Ur^ inunda-

ticn / and watr^r lo gging . To provid'^- r^ll«^f 665 Kni o-f rmbnnk-

mr.nt,23^ Km of dralnacjr> channr-1 havo bnr>n constructod unto

19R1-R2. Thr> a pproach t<' thr so lutia n of its oroblom w i l l

a lso on th< lln^^B ol tho main BraymÂjAitra V alley *

1 0 . Th^ w^st flowinq r-ivors of Tri^ûra com^ und^r

DrahmaDUtra Basin in Indian T ^ r r it ( ’>ry. Th -' Important wr>st

flr^wing rivers ar^ th^ Hoara,Buriq-^"'nga cand Gumti which loin

th'^ Moglina on th'- l^ ft bank in Banglad'^sh, 'Fwo oth^r riv<^rs,

natTio ly , th-' Muhuri and t: h- F^^nny flow ing w^-'Stwardly ontor

Bang! id'-sh and ultim ately o u tfa ll into th< Fiay of B en g al .

Th- s< r ivers sp i l l t h ^ ir banks in certa in râch^^s during thn

raonso-.-n S'- as n. Tho Gov'^rnm^nt (af Tripura has so fa.r con

st rue t^c] 90 Kni of ^nbankmonts for nrot'^ctincj lands from

fl(5r:->ding, Th<^y pruoi::>s< to constriactr'd anoth'^'r 20 Km and also

str<^nt.!th^ n tho -existing on^s .

TfK PRODIJ-^MS

1 1 , T\[r probii^ms dU'^ tij th^ fC-j'jds aro rf thr<ô tyn-^s

1) P'^rioc, ic^Jl subm^rsi^ n of agricuJturai Itand as w ^ll as h.-ô-

steoads. 2 ) Flc^sli fl :-ods in th - upp'-r rrâchos of r iv rs dun to

suddon incrâsr' of wat^r dischargf-^ in narrrw and shallt-iw

str-ams • 3) Bank r^rosif n , m'ând'^ring of r iv ^ r chann.'-ls and

c''ns-'au'^nt chang-^ in th< riv-r coursos . S in c ^ th^ fli ">ds occur

during th'-' main ag r ic u ltu ra l s-'asan,tli^ lf:)ss- causod duo te

th^ sulin^rsion of th^-Rt"*nding cro?as is~(juito consi(.1orabl-« in

tho Assam Val-l-'V as v;->il as cachar Vail-^y. m addi t idin, th<

loss ef- oa t t l^ , preyy^rty an ;"] huniap is alscv aonsi«ir'rabln..

I - 1 6 8 - - S

Tho r .roGim problom Is mor^ prcfnlnr^nt in th- North-^rn

tr ib u tar ies woll -s s.3m^ r-aclms of tho m^Un Br-^trmputr.>

near D ib r u y ir h ,Jo r h a t and P a lish u a r i in Assam. Various

n.othods for avoiding tho flo c .U n g hav- boon att^mptod. Onn

cijnmon mothod adcbpt-d is th- construction of flood embank-

in '^nts to n"* thr riV'^r wat^^r '-»nt'^ring into th<~> fir-lds*

this is Gontinous and short t-rm measure only .

1 2 , An idra of flood damag- in th^ Stat^ of Assam

can b- hid trc;m th- fcllowing s t a t i s t i c a l data which is

basr<] un the .ivorac^ for the p^rii^d 19B3 to 197u t-

1 Area aff'-'ct<^d frt.ha ^ i 2.2m .ac 2 . 0 2

2 . Population at'f^ctnd^ n lakhs) 1 2 .7 4

3 . Damag-s to crop i) Area m . ha

m .ac U .37

i i ) v a lu ^ (in lakhs) '

4 . Dimage to houses1 ) Numb-r i y ,4 3 1

i i ) Valu-' (Rr.in 1 'khs ) 25

H'->ad of c a t t le lost 5444

Human lives lost 22

5 .

6 .

7 Darnay'-s to :»ublic u t i l i t i e s

(Rs. in lakhs )

R , Total damago to urr^ps, houses U

public u t i l i t i e s (ks, in lakhs j 713

1 The p(^riodicAty of the flood and their flood

crest can b^ considnrably contrail led by constructing

storage res'^rVv irs in the u nr^r reaches of the tr iU jta r in s

of the iirahmaiAitra, Th-se resnrvoirs can ,ap art Irom flood

contrd)!/ give tti^ l)eniflts of hyd - 1 powr- r , i ir ig a t io n /in la n d

watr-r transpo rt and fish-ri-s a ls o . Honce^the long tenn

measure for reducincj the limagos due to the flooding has to

lio in thr form <;f storarjr- 2:-sr-rvo 1 r s . Alr-ady project reports

for a fow such proj cts hivo b-'-n jrenam d b-y the Contra 1

water Cfxnmisi^l n and Hr ihmaputr i jJoard. Tiienf^ are Tipaimukh

Projoet on th-- riv-r Barak and S u b i n s i r i and Dihang proiocts

on the S u b a n s ir i and Dihang i s whicli jo in riv-r Bralima-

-)Utra in Ass \m. Of cours-^ thes^ nroject« wiJ l have to br- ,

examined from v 'r io u s angles includincj "cnl ic^. 1 c o n s i ’’r-ra1 1

seism ic ity of the ai'^a and managem^>nt syot^ms required for

impl'Mn-nt In j m l mn in ii in in q biq ^rnj.->cta. In th<

mr>ant h- Inv 'Stigatir^ns for oth'^r r<^fi<^rv«Air pri'j^cta

sh(Ul(J 2Si coiitlnuin>j prtin'^ss >n'l Innov itimi such -is

hivlnrj \ of im U lf>r r-snr'Yoits inst ond of b ig

i no w il l ilso hivo to b'- tr i^d* Tho probiom of h'\nk nros ion

h'iR lisi.i to t :>cklod on t.h< bfisls of nv^stnr ,3l'in r ithî

thnn construct prr:)t'''ctir n works on aclhoc b a s is .

1 4 , Fr;r mighty and nroblîn rlvr-r 1 ikn Brihrritiputrn ^

any talk of c« ntrc 1 1 iny fl.(^nds fu lly is nc*t a pr'icticablo

V)n ip. it i n . Tlio l,;ng t rin flood protection mongur'- ns

discusfiod l:)ovr- w ill tako a long timo to unturn dur to

thr Inhr r-nt orobloms br-th lo y ist Ic nl ly and f i n m c l a l l y .

How-iVor / provd di nq Imm'^duitr' rolirsf. in ctso of flfjod hnvoc

is m urgent n-^c 'SP 1 t v . On of thri v;avB (ji prc:>viding this

f is to h iV'- i systom of flot>d v/irnlng n^^t work/such -

th^t th^ l o c a l authorltl-s got sufficirît tlrri'’ to ov-i euato

tho flood prcn^ aroas in somo irn’ irtant Irjcalltlos. Tho

Contral Wat^r Commission thr^-ugh its flood forr>cnst.Ing

C ir c ln at Gauh'^ti has o^t.ibllshod a w irolosp not work

wyst.-.m rov-rlng th-' -ntiro North-âstorn r-^gion to issuo

firod fnr-c'^st<>s for tho s t r a t ig ic a l arâs of Dibrugarh^

Jo ih at ,T ^z )ur / Oauhat i and Dhuîrl in Assam a'xart fro^m many

oth-'r s tat io n s . Th- North 13ongal riv-r system is a lso

cov^rod b / a s im ilar n^'t work systom, D u ring tho flood

sor'son th'^so w ir ''loas st it ions work rounl tho clr'sck and

hourly -lI Itj .,iro iiitiMuioat' *.4. ^ 2 h('*urly

forocast Ind icating tho anticioat '^d flood lovo Is a m

intimatod to th^ local ûtlioritios in th'^ trwnships- as

moncl >nod abovo Tho Calcutta A . i . R . i s a lso furnishod tho

data for iîsuing through tholr txallontins, This syst^n

ha£’ boon oporating for tlio last otio docadr* m d hae boon

prcjVod to bo v-^ry unoful foi tho protocticTi of thr' ar-'âs*

It is ont Imat oil that a loss to tho oxt-^nt of a])out Rs.lOO

cfoi'ori his b-'-.-r or'-vonfeo 1 by tjmoly Btops takon- by tho Ic^cal

iU t-.hori t ios tc s h i ft poopj.n -'tc. I t is / th^-rof o r o , nocossai'y

that thoso aspocts aro also considorr'c5 as oart of tho long

t o m stratogy for d^v-']opriont of tho iJor'th ’ asfe<- rn Rogjofl/

sinao tho indiroct tor-'n 'f it s aro of cons id'^rablo magnitudo.^.

STK/^'I^GY FOR FLOOD COimÔL

1 , Gov^rnm''’nt of India Iviv^. ogta])lishr'd th^

Drahrna-'utrT Honrd in Docrinnbor, 1 ‘'JBl so that in Intogrntod

rind crcrdin-itnd 'i|:/prO'ich coull ddrotr^d in harnr-ysing

thr Dotr^nti'iil ‘ind in t ickling th^ yurobl'Inia nosr^d by

ji r ihm^';uLx : a.id l-s tj. iLw tati<^s. Tl'ir' Bo. rd is s t i l l in

its infancy ijut it w il l bnv^* to b<- nnsur '*' 1 th “'t it

dr^v-l(.'V)o3 working arr-’ngon^nts with n hi st o€ ig^ncir^s,

including governments of tho b't.ito/UTs in tho r^g i , ti,

which are d ir e c t ly or in d irec tly connect-^d witli oitlier

causes which lead t'^ floods such as defoi-ost.itic^n,

jhuming ^ t c . f.' r work in connection with flood contnîl

rri'âgures, Thr> 13oard w il l a lso h<i ve to develope close

links with N^"C wtiic-t is the forum where Governors,

Lt-Governors and- the Chi^^f M inisters of th- seven

constituent S ta te s /U T s in this region can nlay a positivo

role in l)ringing .ibout a w ell coordin ited plan of action

Eor tackling the challenging tnak of my.V ritinv^ and

co n tro ll in g the floods in Bratimaoutra and Bfiirak b a s in .

2 , A master Dlan w i l l hav^' to l)e r'^nar^d a f t ^ r

studying thie problem b th in regn^ct • f fthcrt tenn and

long t'^rm measures which ar- requir-'<' to be taken to

jjrocect the basins from ttie men.ice t>f floo>ling and bank,

erfjsicn. It will, hav- to be m u lt i- d isc ip lin a ry and may

have to lie im’alemented by m(jre th'in one ag ncy,

3 , Storage r<^S'^rvf:)irs apvê-ir t( }je a must for

tho flood c c n tr o l . The ones invest iga lY-d over Dihanc^/

S u b a n s ir i 'in<l jitirak w i l l , i f decided to b^ taken up , w i l l

aur-^ly h.elv) in moile rat in g flotxis an a m'jf)i :»r,rt ii. n- of

thr> discharg'-^ of the ri.ver w il l Ije t3kon car- by theso

r^ .nrvoirs . I t sh..ûld,howeV''-r,be c u>^tully conside red by

c^jncerned exnert^s whetlier a sei-ies of storage r^'servoirs

on a ll major tr ib u tar ie s i f Brahiaa nitra can be l)ullt

prim arily for flood moil^ration,tii'îr use for elnct-sîc

gen-'rati n of irr ig g tio n being an aocomoanying l)on«3i f i t .

S - 1 7 1 - :

Th^ qii^hitj.n of storagn in l ircjo rânrvDirs 'md

p' rro^ n 'inq r'*'qiiir'''iiir'nt of tunn'-'ling In somo c i b o s

r I '-'8 \lui thr- n^^d of i nnd cnrr»ful study

f th'- b<^h‘ivi ur of notlB 3nd tl i coil structum of

rn ny hi lIs is ol cl'iy anî slialn and of soft. rock. Tlip

c6nn^quonc'^s of S'~-r> )_ujo Cv Uld woll go boyond thp»*-

^rtim. t'"s which f >nn thr b ;sis of fl<^l/^cti .n of cJr^sdtgn •

K iinil r l y , th^ Im .vl ica ticna c,f such stor<ujo on tho

to ' ■srtii qjakr» an‘.1 tho st.and^^rde ‘ nd ovpn ttm

r ncoMt of s'ligoty v/hlch und<^rlio thr> dr>s it/n nor^d a

fr 3h rnviov; in stich r'-*is,

4 . It wtJl b n^c^ seary to imprnivr» thr nxieting

'^ml>"n>jn'^nt oyst'^m nlong with construction of J3toraqo

T'^ri^rvolrs-i Arrong^m'^nts wil i Iso h ’V^ feo !■>- madr» for

m=»int^n me-- of th^so ombr.nkmonta ind of o l ic it in g - -

’)Ins ’jnrtlcipii ion in mnintainlng ^nd cjunrding th^s» ,

b* C ’ n t r o l o f c<‘ ntrlV>ut Inn ‘"^nd nqqrc’.vc^tlng

f a c t o r s Ilk- r- n l d d ^ f o r ^ s t n t i o n <uid jh u m ln g os m uch

n - 'c ^s s ir y as ->volving a nu.'-t'^r plfin f o r f l o o d c o n t r o l ,

Stit<^ gov'-rnrri'^nts s h o u l d t~ikn itnm->dintr» m<^3isur'^ f o r

r'-‘[)l'^tioshing t h ^ for-^st o r ^ a alr^âdy l o s t d u r i n g l a s t

d^cad'-' o r so and r>nsur<^ t h i t n x T > lo it a t io n o f for<'St-s in

f u t u r o Is r-^tfulatr^d in s u c h a inannor t h a t t o t a l - f o r e s t

covr«r a v a i l a b l o is not r '^duc^'d . S imu.l tan'-‘o u s l y ^ o f f o r f e s

w i l l hav-> to or' intnn.s i f i'- d f o r p r o v i d i n g a v i a b l e a n d

■ ccn ot \hln iltr-'in it iv n to jhuiTiias#

6# Now tr^chnologir^s will havo to bo-r»volvod for

taking up larg^ scal^ afforestation nrogrammos in v^ry

ruggod terrain and in situation whr.ro- labour is scarce.

Pros )octs of ar^rial Snoding nôd to bo fuj ly ox^lorod.

7 , Flood warning systom will havn to Iv further

streamlined both for liralmi’ Utra and liarak basins . This

should olSD involvri quick analysis of tlata and information

received frciTi various sources from sat^>llltos to interior

warning st',tlens and -"’^-'Veiopment of a coprnunlcation

system which wr-uld ]) able to dissiminite warning quickly .

:-172-8

Dnvnloping m<-ctwnism for prngiTiotlc orid lositivn coipora-^

tion Ijntw^r'n India^china and aangl-HVsh will- also vn to

1:jo thought- of both in tho fiold of flood for'^castlng and

flood protoctlon.

-- Th^' task of- flood prnDar<îlnr^Ga and p ro v id in g

inrnodiato r '^liof a lso n'-'^ds urgnnt attonticn on a c o n ti

nuing b a s i s . This is r.esr>ntiolly fo^F ®iDVt.o-€ Aasam Qnd

to aom»* rvxt'^nt O o v t .o f Trirxjra, Thr« contigr>ncy plans

must ly regularly mvi^wr^d and Uf)datod. Th»^ organ isation

r< n innsiblo-for this in th^ Sta^<^ Gov^rrimont should b^

wr>ll r^quiopr>d and th' r--' is no r' 'aso-n why such organi«*

satii.ne ohould not-*hav<- B aily Dridgo s- pans,boats/rnotor

launches « t c . to d^nl w ith floods instead of looking-for

such <û i ’.im'^nt at th^ last mumrsnt from various sources

including D«fonc^ forc'^s. Th«^ conting«-'ncy plan should

a lso id e n t ify tho strateg ic points^both- iti flood chronic

ar<âa as wr 1 1 as mgrgina 1 a r ^ a s , from wh^ro th^ f lood

f ig h t in g and r ^li- f m'-'asums would br launch^^d and-such

>cints shr uld br« wr»il stocked with oqu i::mr>nts whoso

opr^rati nal o f f ic io n c y should br' maintainod at a l l tim ^s .

ClIAPTEK IV, 6

and H3NING

Che geoiogioal regoaj’oeh of Ihe Worth'-llaatti.rn reg io n

oovep a lar^:e v ar iety of niirierala, of which the moat important

aj e peLroleuiii, limetibojio and ooal v^^hich oaji be the base fo r tht;

ejt.abllghni6 ]it of big incliiGhries, lo.r which very iarge invoabinentB

and hipli-lnvej teohnoiogy are roquirc^d. Ir thia f ie ld only the

governiuent orr’^miaafcionn and public undertcjiliingo nan provide the

rieoesaary finanoea and M p c r t i o e . ■ In addn t i.oir (ro ' hhe'ac5 l i i i r i e r a l s ' '

thero are reports of amalJ occurrenceG of oeraniio mi.iterial, c lay ,

glaag-aandag abraei^/e m aterial , f e r t i l i s e r rooka and refractory

JiiindralR which requ.lrt: lim ited c a p ita l and the adoption oi* Long-

used l.eohuol(,gy. Phia can eaa ily bo taken up by the lo c a l reoi-

dent.j to meet t]ie needo of t ’lu inoreaaing demajidij of pottery ,

gl<a8 J5, abrarjive paper^^ and otiier nmtorial re^nirîd fo.r day to day

purpoae. 'PhB fJ.nanoee required for tâJiing up auoh indiurbry arc

not very large und with u l i t t l e ''riooupi.gf^m ait, both finajioi.il

and tooiinical, amalJ Mcale jntr-.preii.mre oaji uavîly HRtabJ.iah the

indugtrieû In addibion , thu.v. ar. i.nda:3tr ie a wiiich iêguire a

n igaLr at bent ion th.an f it: oomiaon on s iiient toned . ibove ati in the

ijianut actijQê of indrus bri. tl abvatii-zua an<i oolished to o la . The

govo.rLiic.ut undertakings o \n uaaily taku up work in thia f i e l d .

'llie inlu.-3bry rc,'lating bo metalii-ferour. denositti yuch aa ohroraitt.',

magnetite, clay and other bayo-nKrtai iiiinep.ilQ required poaitivu

idenl.ificatj on and ootablioiuuent of n.'eervi:g and would alao come

under large acalu nai ibui i.ntensiv.i induutj-y. More agro&;dive ;nid

positive approac^h by undertaJ, ings like iTOI will be ruquirud to

make optimmu use of these rerioureue,

2c Thu conbribution of petroleum of bhe Norl'.h Eontern

Region, to thi. ecoiiomy and industrial development of biK

country, hardiy neudo mentiin. However, as regards the Worth-

east region itself, apart from tiie limited advancement which

the petroleum industry h-ia created by providing ei/iployn.uit

opportunities to tucJmicinna, skilled and un-skilled v/orkers,

its contribution to .industries, based on the petroieun deprived

product' has beim vuiy little. The multipurpose use of

natural g.is and of oil refinery ufflnunoe has pr.ic t iCcaiy been

- 1 7 S ' -

n il and mo;4t. of li t.ql'ily u se fu l bv—i. i O!luct.y h ive bTien

allowuci to ascapii into th.^ li l , It is auce -ajy tri it tntiSt

valiiablt:^ pr':;x5ucts a e als J madtj u.‘:Jc- oil, in the production of

p^^troleuiii by-products? anci to jom.j extent in the- production of

p»wur . Tri})ura State has proposed an Urtia Plant basirid on the

natural cfaa i maKinq use of oi.ly paj.t of i t and It Giiould

examined i f then- is scbp<j for many moro, Th.^re is imm,?diatf3

need for tiie establijhiri-nt of .several industries baso.J on the

petroleum derived by-product.s and v/nilo the HKC can only pi..iy

Limltred rola^ it \/ould bo wortnwhile for Uk- Petroleum M in is

try to take it up ,

3 , The abundance of i\jaourceiJ of limestone s p e c ia l

ly in Mv’Cjhalriya/ /issam and to a lesst^r extoiit in Nac/aland and

Arujiachal Pradfish, can support large scale cement and lime

manufacture and chemical grade lime j:)£odact industry* iiowever,

while thinKing of exp lo itatio n of tlii-.;se m u n ific ie n t natural

resources, i t i:i very neca.^ ;ary to id e n t ify c le a r ly tiie other

inputs namely coal and th.-* technology ttiat w i l l be used for

the manuf acture of com ..nt or lim e . The equality of most or: the

lijnastone is such that i t can d ir e c t ly be ust-id in tlie manufac

ture of cement prdvi<J.ed the long-followed tuchnolwgy of lotarry

kil/i is u;-!e:d. a change in the technol .)gy to VSK typt:i ot/vious-

ly brin./s about r ig id it y in tiie raw-material g u a lity and only

part of tlir.. huge resources of limestone v/ould become s u it a o le .

vVhi.l.i decidi.ng 0 1 tlie api)roprlate tecinio]ogy for cement or

I im.:. manufacture based e ith er on tiie ec>jnomic op«.jration or

t,ffi,cJency of fjjjeraf.ion, i t wouli'J c learly be necessary to

select t.he fuel raw matej.lal Lvecpjired for tiie puriôse namely

coice K.i]c c o a l .

3 , vast resources of coal in the j^Jorth-eastern

region have ijeen descrioed and accepted as iêlonglng to a

T>ar't.icular type leased on piiysj r.al and chnm Lea I ch r-a.G.+.LS.vM

coal is qenaxa<tly descritxîd as highly friablci/ powdery, lig-

n i t '—uituminous wltli low asli content/ nlgii v olatile and s u l

phur couuents ind v/itli a v jry hicjh caloJ ii:iG v a lu e , Wlill :

tlnese di scr lption;j ii.e appropriate , by and larcie, they only

apply a i ari avt-ra<}t; to tlie Moitli—eastern coal/ but t he varJa—

ti'Jns of charaeters i-n the coal wnou Ld maice the acct:ptance

%

ot' the qLii'-'ra-l ci laractera -.13 local ch.UMc: la'irt.i iablt;» Et

i -!/ Mi» ;r J:o:t 0 3 sent I al. tci maku .iiu iaventory nf r.uo coal a :car

euct ■ t.i.: t Lrig rroni oiiu tuci to oth.-.-T In !>1

i'iaa»Lind cirici uxuiachal I »i ad ash ylviug c^li tii.,,-.* c na. i: na tc ri s t i e s ,

physic li riQd oli.;/nica.l., v/h -iruvcr theae coal . a/.u

t.xplor.^d. An invfi.itory of tiuj oOGUl:ir oharac^tsiriatlcs w ill di-

r. ;C't3.y ho Ip In f-inrti ly out: whc^tlior l:he coal at. a 0 0 a If i uld can

bu ujod f or; a 0,1 i: 1 1 cu 1 r\i 11 kius t ly •

4 , Th..- dot rminatLon of tno chdracturs of c/eolOi.|ical

iM it< r ia l SLic[i as coal/ clay# abr-asivos, giass-i^rinds, s 11 Lima*-

lilt'.;, kyanit'j and bauxito e t c , ia oqually neceasary 3 0 that

t-iieir suitabllit .y foi^ uG'.; in an Industry cam bo judgod dixontly ,

It 13 also oquaJly n..;Cessary to arran./e for benofIclatioii/con

vorsifm testa for tiioir use in a paitlculdL indu.stry. inveu-

t.ory of this type w i l l also bo htilpful,

5 , Th;.; usotulnoss of propailnq iiivontory on this l in e

is dijiriojiatratod by the nood wliich lias rison as xtjqard.s trie siu.

tiuppiy of coko bnr-uzoa tor Lh>-; cern^^nt and linte pl-jnts. In tiie

I, t i.sii-i 1.ity rwiport3 pr(.-.-p tt od lor pi m ts It cixpocted

th it 0 0 k'; brc;ezes wnild })o brouqht from h^ingal-Bihar oi' UP or

lump co,;iX from tlie North fia^tv rn Coalfic^ld would be avall^ible,

Th i d i f f i c u l t i e s wnlch aa.' iiov/ being antic'ip.atojd aud i-.xp*ao't-ed

ar>; In tiio transport of (/oal ox coke brt-ezes/ tiie i n a b i l i t y ot

thv' i.\ic>rth rt.a>tt:;rQ Co^lfit-ld to supply Iiirnr> 0,0a 1 and uusuttabi-

l i t y of somj oi: the Norti-v-Bastjyrn region coal for converaion*

a ro,-3ult/ i t has boconie necessa.iy to arrange, for R jtD pro-

jocts ff-r th- oonveralon of somi of the North-i;a-‘5tern region

cocil, Tiio p o y s io i l it y of con\/or«ion haa b(i(ijn eiitablished on a

iai>oratoxy ti::3t~3cale and it is exjieoted that the •x'lorat.ion

oc ile can be in creased . In t h i s contoxt# it becomes necessary

to asaess th*,' totril recuixementvS of coKo breezos for tlic* iden-

til;3i3<l ;iiiul-ceruont ind lime plant3 and rontemplatod ones. The

V'i i 't for conversion of coul to coKc breeze could b.; set up in

•a oC th ; c o a l f ie ld s In NS Region and .ixrange fox 1 large

gc ■!<.■ c:>nvGr»lon pl-zuit at one ot; the c o a l f i e l d s .

• 1 . - 6* One of th. ’ ‘ -s sent i l l fu n a t io n e lor the assessmcint

of (.j joifx:j Leal natural rt.source Doth as regards i ts qualify a^nd

ro3 ..a'ire:; i.; a C‘)oti>iu xis proc^-:3s. of vixploration wuich would j

- 176-

include yeological rncippinq, core d r i l l i n g m d oxploratorv' rniainq.

The prograiiune of ;iuch i3x p lo ratio n jpeci,illy ror iiiiKistone aiid

coal iii tl'u'i N jrth-eaistorn r<-gLon i.s ixi’iug r . ':i iud put by thfi; Gol

and tlKj concorned St^te n.'^partment53 of tX:olO' or MineraJ Re.saur-

Cc,3 In continuation of tlie prti.limin ^ry a x p l# r a tio n \:sy these

organisations , it becomrjs nact- isary to caiiiy out d-it iil'.d Jxpi'^-

ration on 3 im ilar l in e s to e s t a b l ish tho q ua lity and reserves

for opGning of minus or foi i d e n t i f y i n g th 3 materi.il for a p a r

t ic u lar industry and WEG is arranging and sponsoring such dotail-

Q<1 work,

7 , As a sec.:[uencGf to thfj i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of geological

raw material which would s u s ta in an In d u st r y , i t would become

nec':..ssar> to arrange for f e a s i ^ d i i t y s t u d i e s £or the establish-

mi int of the minciral-li'>ased industi:y . In t lni.3 connection , the avai-

i a b i l it y of large re&erves of limcistone, of mineable coal near

v ic in it y , and of ele*ctric c lose by at S i j u in Garo M i l l s ,

Meglialaya maxes i t ipossiole to think in t-iLTns of a very large

cement plant# which could even bfi of the c a p a c it y of one m il l ic n

honrie pur ye,.iL , MinjL;itry of Liidustries ahi^uld get tnl3 3COpvi

i-X:jj;riinud and i f tlie p ioposal is found f e a s i o l 'j inclu<ie i t as a

Central P ro ject to Ibe taken up by the CXIX*. This w il l a lso me^^t

tne dt.ficit of coal in UE, the inv/ards mowement of wliicli s tra ins

the llmiten railv/ay system to a very g r e a t e x te n t . In a d d it io n ,

s im ilar r \w nu-.t-._ ria.il G(;nveniences 'jnd i nf irastructure presentI

n-. ir liiiirangshu in M ,£|» ilills , /iSS.im a lso leads to the conclu—

t^ion that f e a s i b i l i t y :itudies fox' the settin g up of a m illio n

tonne Cc-im-.‘nt plant there ciM.ild also l.je taken up ,

St.ratvigies for Deyelopment

a. Thus in the,' dOTiain of m in era ls , wnich in the north

eastein per.3pecti re would continue to me of the most impor

tant law m a terials , the fo llo w in g strategy Laltiatives are sug--*

gir jted in view of the e x is t in g si tuation iiid Mie recjional oha-

racti^riatics s-

1, Limestone, coal ind ceramic r^w materials

tut.e the main m ineral Lesourcas, and-ptirspec'tIve

planning as w ell as in^dium-term planiiing of deve^^

l0|iment is uecesfvary.

; ' - _ - ( 7 7 -

P.« ciud t\ frac t or i 1^3 tiome iiuxt in ordei of

importance; d<:t iil,;d ux.j;loratlon tind proving opur-

at Ions should inti-nai f ie.d*

regionril in;,itiiufcioiial fciainewôrk sJiouifl be deve- lopad to unaure det;riilt.id t.xplordtiou and proving

of restirves ol protni.jing rnine^ral d e p o sits ,

4 , Cai'bc>--*( htsmicâl pot(m tial3 of northeastern coal stioirl'i bfi properly e xp lo ited ,

'■/

5 , R (St D 3tudi.G3 Oil tndiiatrial u t i l ia a t io n of spoci-

Cic mlnt^ral raw niitcsr.ials ne»;;d Intu-fisificatioii.

6 , 3tat.e and Central aqencius ungayed in mineral proapucting triu. t be atrengttiened and expanded to enaure early coinpletJon of miJiGr ri prospecting in tti. : re y io n , U tate^ /UTs vvitnout ihfilr own Iiirecto-~ rates may Lx-i ^f^gi.Mted to develop such d irecto rate^

ao that recfuiationa ragarding minor jriinerals could

be framed and enffjrued,

7 , Co il mining in some of the States needs to be, re—cfularised according to the provisiona of the Cjjoal.

Hines i\[ationalisation (iViiendment) Act, '

I

8 , Mijiing of jNiortî-east«.;rn coal needs special attl'.^n-

tion? proiet-fs for tti In seam mining ai'e nt^cessary*

5 , The p oten tia ls of refractory anci ceramic indus*"

tr le^ need to be u t i l i s e d fu l l y .

3 uc) ge j 11 on rega rd 1 nq s ec tora 1_ PJ: * |i

In confi^rmity v/itli the obje-^ctivi; .and strategy out-

llHe’d above./ the maiii CflmpdiieHts of -tlie Jêvenili Plan sectoral

prograiTune for Minerals ■should be the followinq s-

1. Continuation of detailed ex])lorat.ion <:ind proving jperations in promising mineral deposits.

2 . Exp-rirnental/pilot mining projects ,

3. IX:velopment of appropriate regional and 3tate/UT level institutional i n f r a . 'tructure for mim^^ral exploration aiid development through r^^sLruct\.iririg

and/ or new organisations,

10 . For the above ]nlan more s p e c if ic (ietails are sug-»

g-ist d below, Thvjse are intended to constitute ttie total reg io

nal p lan in c lu d in g Central# Mi-C and State P la n s ,

- 178 -

- f 7 9 -♦ fr

( ) D etail'id Mlgoral Explora t io n Sc Proving.

(a) Extension aJ eaa of Makuin Coalf ie .ld , /iSsain-Arunacha 1

' i(i) East of Tipong rlala and turtner t

( i i ) J.iiraiapur :V3 Ctor , ,(ij.i) .Ve t':::rn uxten -i a of" ^lamcfiiK Coalii-id

( iv) a.i ravTol ii unde rg rtûjid b f >c Lor .

(Ij) Liuciriii C'>alEi.a'i,Mv.ghal--»>.i ( aoiiHlilulnq In v w s tls a-

tion)

(c) DL lli-Joyf)oro (ô.ilfieid, .iin(oonl i.iuin-r liiyestiga-

tion)(d) Raipli'ilvrain-puadcayru C oaii LuLOf t'k.>.jnal i_y J.

(o) I'Jazira C oalE iold extension areas / Nagaland.

k i a L i i t S n e „ , n r , u i > j 3 l m E x t e n s i o n ' r a o c i c , ( c o n t i u u i n g

» •-* inve st igation)

(b) Nimnii Lirnestontj D epo sit . Nagaland.

(a) Ear^t Wagaland - Manipur b .a d (continu Lng invêstiga-

tion)(b) Ranja V a lle y , /u u n a c h a l .

Fei’t i l i s e r s ’ , u t■ (a) Sung Valley .ipatjte dep o sits / Meghal lya

Ccraiaics and Rcjfracto t ie s

(a) Clay and Gla.?s and deposits of Meghalaya^ Tripura

and ABSarn.

(b) oillim anitij dopos Its of Karbi ûiglong D is t r ic t ,

i 4.3 s am ,

(c) Kyanite deposits of Garo H i l l s , Meghalaya,

Co_a_Miiiiu<^^^ T h in coal se.-m m iniuy p r o j e c t , Bipang, He.jhdlaya

(b) Synt.hesis Gas ( Hapunq/SlrnsaiKj, M eghalaya or Warn-

chik-/ ..rnnaclial) .

( ?) P'^ne rirnental / P i l o t *

" ?7' T a i n c o a l 3e.im iniain.j p r o j e c t , ftipung. M o gh a ia ya .

( d ; jy iithesls Gas (K ap u u .V 3 im 3a .iy , MugliaiaYa or Item-

r n ik , /krunach.ul Pr.idesti) .

■ lopnient aiid ()tii‘-jr ijjdu^ti ieo

a n d m i i H p l ^ n n i n q ( o j c a e p t i n g f o r a o i l ) .

- I R C -

(b) atrcsngthfeininq of the regional orc|aiiisatioiis tor in'.lustrial 3 Ur</t)y3 / p ro je c t imp.l*.)nujntatlon arui

project Gonsultaiicy*

(c) Strongthening o;l: thta regional organidationa for iinprov ing iridua t r i si. 1 prociuc1 1 v i t y *

(d) Formation of a consortium of tann-lending inati-

tutiona for f inancing an int^gratud induatr.lai

dQvtiii3pm%sn-t p i in fo rtJiQ rag io n .,

( e ) Formulation and in teg ration of a programm€= for p r f . 'g r o o s i v e p r o f o s . 3 i o n a i i y a t i o n o f the managemirjnt

o f the i n d u a t r ia l undertakings In the w^tate/UT

aeator .

(f) Oeveloiiinant of a p ro fess io n al o ig a n iaa t ia n or s im ilar sorvicas under an e x is t in g regional body

for advising tlio Statu /QTs in regard to formulat io n of area dovulopmcnt plans v/ith intergrate sectoral programrnos for a g r ie u lt u r e , in du stries

and 3 Qi:^iGe8 ,

/ S I -

01-RPT.lliR IV. *7

1 N D U S T H I E S

L')cntion anl K.rov/th f InduBtries are la/geiy

thij result uf a 1 process if hiptrtrtoal evolutici/i, of

market f'>rces and :leliber;:itt-' public m ) 1 1 c 1.g s . f \ct:irs

coupled with the lack of inviistrnerit cll.mate, abprmce >f aJert

entreorenershlp and strong pressure group to lo^by f r various

forms of Gv»vt. Intervontlon have left tho rescrurce rich NB

.'n Industrially backward.

1, The (v licy Initiatives f.)r the Sixth Plan reckoned

th 't re^jiona], imbalances in Industrial develppfnent had not

I’eccivGi the required attention. The Sixth Plan, therefore,

ai'ni(Jd at improvln 3 the sltu^'tlon. However, this objective in

the context if the NE Region djes n>t seem to hove been realised.

Industries tended t ; gravitate towards exlstiîg centres without

reaching this backward region. The following tablo abnut indust

rial units set up In selected backward areas In vari^>us flx^cl

capital Investment ranges giv(?s an idea in this regard j

fJpt !

lU-akhs

. . L i m iioTte‘,‘ lQ ^3dTR s3o laKhsT ’More than one

1 lakhs I to 1 crore | Crore .

Assam

Manipur

Fleghal aya

Na.^;^ Lan'l

Tripura

2365

69

723

^8

11

2

4

Arunachal Pradosh - ■

M i r a m - - ’

?otal W R .

Total India ~

Source "x.

1121 6T48

Tha. irKêntive sola ernes f"in the backward areas Lave................... • ■ ................... • ■ I

rtot been effective Enough to reverse ^^êse trands. The region

couJ.d. ]fi.ar‘dly avai l of the- nchemes for r>ap.1 tal f^vibsi.dlRs

to the backward districts. The-following Jet.-lla of disbursement

of ooncosslonal flnwc^ In backwird arons will pr-o.jeot the -actual

picture obtaining In t^ls region.

i

' \ (1 9 7 9 )

Sanctioned Dlabursed

- I ? 2 -

Ass'im 3487.39 3234.79Manipur 7A.05 14.42Meghalaya 536.63 509.4aNagaland 152.89 126.50Tripnra 256.77 ' 167.09Arunach al Pra.lesh 5.73 •' ... 1

Miz :>ram 3.46 -

lE ^451?;. 92“ 4052.28'

All India' 1 3'3T'9?.52" 77840.To‘

There are very few large and medium Industries. Apart

from the trailti-mral tija Industry the petr*chemlc/il complejcea,

the refineries, two Jute mills, five sugar and khandsarl mills

two cement plants, two axlstlng and two upoomlns paper plants,

tv/o oomplM^iS o f el5 fields, one fertilizer plant and one

CO ilfieid constitute the entire gamut of northeastern Industrial

scenarln, *1116 35 plywood factories contitute another distinct

elemerft of thi- r./rlon's Industry.

Other Indices of Industrial development in the

region are still more discouraglrif;. During the decades o f '60

'ind '70 the rate of growth of employment In the factories in

Assam was only 6 percent agilnst the all India figure of 73

percent. Thu t;rowth rate in other constituent units Is even

less. The total yalue of products added by manufacturing

activities in the region during 1977-78 varied between Rs.20A

crores (Assam) and Ite. 6 crores (Me>7halaya-& TrJpura) as against

tht all In lla t:ital of fe. 11823 crores. In 1979 out of a total

of 303 Industrial Licences and 550 letters of Intent lssue.1 tJie

North Kastorn Region's share was only 2 and 1 respectively.

-1 H 5

‘5* \ rc'vlGw of. the propose 1 ' ncl con 1 c,^mplateii induBtri .'a

In thr- North-G-ortcrn rugi m for the c )ming flv"? years I'eve Vis

tliat exceptln,^ o il ,c o n 1 and Indup.trloR d'^'Wnstream of BilPL

ndi.n, apinnin^^ mllln, theru Is not much of ;f *|pj ar-d think

ing, Of Cum Me nniier Plan, four rnln1 cGirtPU't plontj;, two

llmo plant.8 and sevGi'&l oiJjia' nnifilt iinitn will Le added l)y

the midd le of the .Seventh PJ an period,

6, The north eastern region is known to be

rich, and nan [)rovj de r* w materials for a wide ran/?;e >f

I rKiustr-ies, Ex}d ' i t^tl f ui of the resources would Indeed

be the only means of Pxigjonal development. Planning for

wuoh ex]/Joitation and development perse, however, colls

for soveraj pre-requisJtes, nnmnly precise assessment

)f the quality and quantity of exploitable resc'urces,

j nfrastruc^ ural d.“ve'Jopment, good transportation net-work,

intra and extra regi >nal market, mani^ower and some positive

inluence of external economics. iXie to a variety of reasons

these pre-requisites or conditions are yet to develop and

the resource roBerves ar. still mostly inferred rather

than pr wed. Development of Industries in the region w*nild,

therefore, need in the first Instance massive efforts on

raw material investigations and lumpy investments in Infra

structure Inr.luding manpower. This is , however, widely

recognised and efforts are under way to prepare better data

base "\nd devel :)p infrastructure.

7* It has to be realised that the currently obtain

ing situation is not at all conducive for attracting

private investment. Moreover, in a generally un lerdeveloped

region, the {)ublic sector has to take the initiative

for the first generation industries, as the social objectives

if such development cann t be expected to be achieved by

the private sector, ' ’hin UKifortunately is not the case#

The functioning of the State JndJiBtY'-j o?5imor»t.

tj,ons loaves much room f r improvement* . -

0 , Lack < f t-ntr-.freneiirEhlp !« ijorirjr-’] m'-f’-ise

of “ho region. Thlts If? true of every fitll of ictlvity. This

fciD9natos tl'.-. ,.r ■voilin,; r-ilitlMis f i soil’ ro_1 ont «iul

St i;-contain«(l sjcluty. Such conJltious in t predoinlmntly ■

atr.Irian cultuT'^ , aided by ■' bountiful nf'tur-,-, I'.' nut i rniiote

the ki,nJ of m /tlvatlona ' rid fl rc j l y 5 ! t ites/re.'loii?, li.=conomlo

presfurc! nn i thf srlm l of rl,'-;ln' uxij>,.ctatlons, oreot. aur-h

attl-U'le. It o'jmnt be aald th t such atati.—of-nffiirs’ 1 s

whoi:y dG sir “Vile, bul; hr l:ni^ s development Is nK-:a'iijred In

"terms '.f'’Il^.:.ciflo m-iter’l'al Indices, at).rts,!ve Gnti’epreneurshlp

w i l l bo txe only moans of auncosr. •

^ j p roBo’i an!, j3trate£X •

9 . :n 11.,ht of tliL .above, j ndustrloll sotion of

tin North E^y-.urn Rorion I p to be plannod in o l,iri‘ei’ont manner

of tor taking ;.nt.^ oonniier^'tlon the. local conditions and

oharacterlsti.cj. Sincu lab air an i tr-lnod manpowor c 'nstiturv.-

anl Import-Yit i!, Ait, tho l}mo,:raphlG profile ’ is a l a i m p o r t - n t .

One of tha p rirnlpal nb.jectlvos >f In d u str l ' '11 sati )n is to

absorb thu surf.],;s labour . Thj a problem is not vary acut„ in the

region cixceptin^, in the pl' ins -f Assam, Iraoh a vall.^y of Mani/njr

Mrl Trirnira. Elsewa-.J-ro tht t r ib a l society , a lb e it backv/ard in

several areas, survives in a rontunted manner v/ith thivir igr ar 1 . n

arrl traÛ.tlonal :nd.ustrial ( h'.,)UsehoLi sect'jr) pr’actiCL-s, It i,.

also necessary t ; polat ût that with th=. intr<-ducti .n .>f betttr

gêd-fej’tiliser-wa-^ .r teohnol'^/y in agricultur-. thr' lomin itly

niiltuj’e wiJ.l be r jp:,'~Cf: 'l by rauHipie crop, in^, :a.id se ttl-J

a iltivatlon . This ia like-ly. to reduce’ the prc blema f surp.lua

labour considerably . Thus m;!npoxfer f r industry '/vi LI be iiia,jor

.rea of concern whien has t'- l-e r ‘-ck ne d for perapectlvi. .

aiming,

'* j , The 'trategy e m p h a s is ’d in th^' iVp], roach Pap...r on

Seventh Plan w i l l be relov'^nt ta any pragr'-mme f.^r level'^pment

in<tu6tr1es ir th-: NE p 3 ion* " Indiâti’io l development atrategy

lac t.. be base i atlequ ite liif rastructural devel ipuient,

iiicorpi ttiL' i'V 'mth centre oonct3 it and nuclciufl planta[.'proach toijeth-'r v;ith Initiatives .for tncn-ris; rl anclllarls tlnn* The ;fr mv ork must nlso cllspursf: In.iustry miiy from urbnnci'ncentr" -ti ns. In thr. Mnrth E'lsbcjrti Eu.- i ni, particularly, indUBtrial growth will h ?.ve t.) h»3 promnt-."'i kuCJpiriF. iB vir w th(; toti;ility of faclllti'.fi and inoentlvus nn<.3 InfrriBtruotare that

made available and nyt mfcraly in terms if financial •oncess" l')ji£- ljke investment and tr-'n.sport sudsldiGS, Howevft-r, the ecologjrial iand environmental aspects will equally h ive to be kbpt In mj nd FjO that InduBtrlee seb ua both thore anO In other eoologj c Vlly an 1 envl ronrnfc ntally «< «i itive are( s which are Jn

neod of protection and reBervai:ion, do iv.'it, damage”*11, The InduGtrlfVl Development PrograrrrriUi in the North

E'aiterij iloifioii will, have to I'e formalised keepiii^? ■fn view the

( i ) In an Industrl- Ily under-developed re(U-on,

grnvrth of iiidu.atries w i l l be prim arily governed by

the avail abllty of certa in f a c i l i t i e s l ik e location

of mrirketri, )gr"'phical sprtead of entrepreneursl\ip,

Infraatrunture aixl suaport facilitieri like access

to tranaiôrt n ’?t work, raw m aterial e t c . The f i r s t

step towards prom >tion of industries in the Nii

Ro;^lon should thei’eforej be to create these fasii .lti-

tes throu|?h C''~'*-s:irdinated e ffo rts at the regional

l e v e l . A (fe^ntroX tôdy th« NKC oeii undertake th is

t ^ s k of ideritifylng the are.'\s, ro’ sQiirce p o te n tia l

^^nd e ffe c t co-ordlnahl on among the '^^fe.rlous sbate and

central bodies conoerii.ed w 1 fch the problfeMi of

in 'hastrial development of the reg io n ,

11) The focus of induBtrlal. develox.ment shoaiÎ be

on up^radatlon of technolr^gyi bettei- utll isai'doH

of assets, promotion of efficiency and removal of

the iiifi‘aGtructuj''il nonr.tx’rti affo^hiivg the

grr^wth )f industry.

-I

(Jl,’. ) D'-. V‘.= lipm0 rit jf indues trios a;.), roprlat*. f

rej_5l.'/rial raw mat.'ri'ii p otG ntlnl3 sh ould be rianei and

depenaence in extra regional raw rriateri 1 ;.fOTid be

avoi ioHi as best as can be*

( I v ) U:r/el ),irnent jf b )th lab.-ur an l ca]. i t " inten.‘dvu

in.lustri es sh -uld bo plrmn-jd according to .ocati- jn and

raw matt^rlal c h . '^n c te r ie t io s .

(v ) M)re etnpd^'isls may be l a M oh high v.a-JW added

prodnoh'^! e .g . aetrochrnicala, co'^l-chemici.’. s .

(v i ) Very , ar^je industries where econ:viie9 of scale

ort: ii'A- rtoni may rf-ceiva lesser attenlior..

( v i i ) Devel'f>nient of market liuka/:,' s ;-ii i impi’ >"* teineTit

in external -cor. jmles sh-'uld r :ceivt,. p.'’ t<'ri.ty attention ,

(v i i L ) Absence )f o otain jf f;iotoi'i.t^s ‘‘aid d iv e r s it ie d

market W' )ulrl call f >r c impi'eljenslve plaiynug for

indurd'r l.v. s , inclualve o;’ lutei'nietii aht'iJ and down stre^ara

unite*

( i x ) Enginc--.eri ng indu^tr'y should be e.ac )uraged vigo

rously to develop the ninirium infrastri.cture f-r other

1 n^ajstrles •

x ) In th '- north easti, rr i.ig.-’sl'm c1 ive mliierol and fores

vould c.)ntlnue t ' be the important raw mat..?rials.

?hort'for'e, in t u s t r ia l surv- y^ an.^ t<"clino~economic

-'.'asibllJty si:udies f''r cement^ elecl>ronics, paper,

'ement sub sb ltu tes , sefTli-mi chan1 sed br ick,-^tc. , ani

.^tu'iy jn sT.H. ci il 1 n.'!u - irl nl cor-ts in respeci: f thi st-

yrcispecl ive 1 nd.u,''tr j es should he un lert-^ken,

x i ) In the contexi. )f -iv ^ ila b il ity ">f l] me~st )ne,

fct i m t'.o im.')1 '-m-.'nt in phase s the tea-ye’ir ])er3 };c.ctive

. l in for cement t ra ise the i ust il b."i ca, acity to

ml i l lo n tonnes h\ 1990 sh 'Uid b-? taken .

(xi t) Thii lndustrlr-!l development ur in the

Sevent.h PI''in shojuli.i alS ) provi ie f cr raw nint.tri

InvfiHtiiâttons for specific intlustrlal projects, R^D

projects for Industrial utllla,^11*. n nf roglonal raw

n^^terl'ils, ^^xpurlmuntal/pi Ijt industr1.nl an 1 mining/

i-'ToJecta, int''.M.-,rated development of '\:Toforest nnd

mineral K) isfiKl industries, ami rlevelojimont 'f in'lur^trir-l

manpowf^r through in-sorvice/in-plant tralninu

(x l i i ) Seme of tho forest based industries which

shoul 1 tao considered during the Seventh Plan are waste

]'^r:)cessing plants for extracting turpantine, re-sin ond

hydrolysis products, in Meghalaya, Assam and Nagaland,

mini pajêr plants ( SO TPD) v/ith recovery and captive

teener‘'tion in Tripurr, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghaiaya and

Arunachal Pradesh and Nev/sprint plant in Arunachal

PradeshÎ

(xlv) Sinîle window aorvicin^: '^f entreprenuers is vital

to growth of industries in an area like North East whnre

entrei>renuers have to face special difficulties and

handica ps* At the same time, -a numV;er ■f organization

and a;-7encles have to be necessarity involved in training’:

of entroDrunuers, conceptualization of projects, pre-

].ratlon of letailed project reports, obtaining of licences/

clearances, dr nval of mnrgln mamey and bank loans and

so on. It is, therefore, su^ggested that a consortium

of all concerned organizations/agoncies may be formed

in each State/lJl' so that all thi problems of entreprenaf?*

urs could be trickled at one forum*

(xv) It is su/<gGstod that a Ile .i na] rndustries

C '^rp.'iration may be considered to i aico up such industries

wh.:-rt: raw materin.ls are found in )ne Siate/UT but the

Use of the eni pro duct is esseni.lally in another St a ho/'

UT or i.ij the entire region or even outf 1;he iêglon.

To Illustrate, a St-rto havln/ botn llrnestonQ r.nd coal

m^y still not be in ':i p)-3iti^n to S'-}t up a cement or

lime Industry because its own demand doHs n:.'t justify

one and it may n^t have financial ri.‘st.)urces to f-o in

for such an industries. At the sime time, i f may nut

be interested to I',)' k f r instituti >nal f l n a m b . In/'

certain other cases, even wlti'i thu .availability of r . w

materials, a smal] Jt.-ê/I/T may nut be having the

technicjxl and mann.gerial caracity to implement and

. Tflana. e a C'^^ aratively large and complex industry.

.1 Rc'îonal Industries Corporation can step Into such

areas and besides tackling the problems of management,

marketing and finance, also enter into colloboration

with Central Govt, Corpôrations in the concerned

fields.

12. The furogoin., t.nuii er tion is an attem )t to provide-

and idea of the potentials of industrial development. The ,■

magnitude of such a development jilan is l- irge and would have

t '/ bo accommodated in v«ri')us Cenr'^1 and Stato Plans. NEC's

r )le in such endeavours woul:i be of necessity, remain

restricted to sponsorship ;)f rav/ material investigation, teohno-

econ')mi,c f_"^sibility study, preparation' of pri.ject report,

soleative infrr strur,tur-'l comp )iients .and mari])ower ^]ev^lopment.

CbmpaKR>x\\

Shîbh SQ^lih; .irgjUGTRlEia

In^:3ptt e of ccnaidLrable arowth pot-(inila 1 and

existence of VBiiou.j proinotiondl ^genciea , the cU vi'-

lopment of small scale indtistries in the North Sast

a t i l l rernaina at a very nascent atago . Thn progrests

in th is f ie ld has so fat been both tardy and lopsided .

The r e g io n 's in d u s t r ia l bachwardness IfJ refrlected hy

tlio fact that, with lefjs than 2 percent of ovir country 's

medium and large industries and 1 ,9 peicent of e x is t

ing small scale tndustries this r e g io n 's share in value

added by manufacture Is baitjJy 2 p ercent , '(’he two States

oi Assam and Manipur have the largest concentration

( I . e . about 70 percent) of a l l the registered small

scale units in this region . Besides# very high Incidence

of sickness aniong the e x is t in g small scaJe units reveals

inherent v/eaKness of their curr_ent s ta tu s . Tlie tiny

sector invlustries are struggling h a id fox th e ir survival

against competition from the cheaper substittites and

products turned out by mass production . Lack of infra-

struct\ira;l f a c i l i t i e s , entrepren«urfa.l inc>tlv tion and

^l)llity c.nd tRChnical know-how aa w^l<* as absence of

adequate tie-up of kank finance havS created such a

b a f f l i n g s itu at io n that development oi small scale

in d u stries i \s lêcome a stupendous task in the North

Rast.ern Region ,

2 . S t a t is t ic s of registered S S I units in the region ,

of course, in d ic a te a r is in g trend in the nuniber of re

g istered units in this sector over the years although

the rate o f increase , in the context o f the national

growth, is appreolably low. In absolute terms the numbers

of registered small scale units show very low figures as

la found in cîso of Arunachal Pradesh , Meghalaya, Mizoram

fend Haqaland. The annual growth in these cases is there

fore just nom inal. The follow ing tab le w ill give;; an

idea of grov/th in the numlier of sucti units over the . . i h ^ e

years frf)m 1979 to 19 81 .

i

I. —

Table - 1

S tfj te/lJTs ,

AS 3 am,

Manii)ur .

Meqhri-1 ay a ,

Nac}aland .

T r ip u r a ,

Arunachal Pradesh

Mizoram.

X Number of_ r e g is tered S S I anits

t 1979 ” X I960 T _.1961___

3 4(S1

1687

;k i 4

203

996

145

2B9

3 677

3073

327

263

1126

168

471

4152

3 42 2

393

3 66

1 188

189

599

Total - ISIE R eg io n .

Total - India (000) 3 92

9125

454

10309

i 2 3

Source: Report of the Small Industry Extension T ra in in g In s t it u t e ,H y d e r a b a d (1 9 6 4 ) .

/ibout 4:rA of the total SS .1 units in the region are loca-

tf^d in one S tate - Assam. D is p e r s a l in the othei. S ta te s /

’JTs i s , therefore , quite l im ited . Of the total number of

in d u s t r ia l units in the small and cottage sector about

b(fA are local resource based units and d iv e r s it ic a t io n

is very reire. For instance , v'hile in the rest of the

country lilectronic Industries have grown rap idly , they

are conspicuous by their absence in this region ,

3 , The io llo w in g table g iv in g the occupational

d is tr ib u t io n of the re g io n 's p()pulation shovjs the low

percentage of the local population engaged in house

hold and m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s , which may be regarded

as ari index of ba cb war dries s in the iniJustrlal f i e l d .

H I

Catenory I^runachcil XMartlpur XMeghdlayaXMlzoi amlNaaciiand I'Wlpura

______________ i£E23S2!}__J! X X X ” '

Total Popu- b2B ,050 latio n .

1 4 1 1 ,3 7 5 1 3 28 ,3 4 3 4 1 8 ,1 1 4 1 1 3 ,3 V L 2047 ,3 5 1

Total Wor- 3 0 8 ,9 4 6 k e r s .

5 6 8 ,2 3 1 5 8 7 ,1 5 0 2 0 0 ,9 6 8 354,.102 606 ,153

Cultivators 2 2 3 ,3 2 9 3 4 8 ,3 6 3 3 7 3 ,1 8 0 144 ,941 2 4 9 ,6 1 4 2 6 4 ,0 9 9

A g iic u lt u x a l 7 ,5 7 5 labourers ,

4 6 ,3 3 4 5 8 ,2 3 6 5 ,1 3 6 6 , 611 1 4 4 ,9 1 0

Household In- 1 ,2 6 7 dustry, Manufacturing , p ro

cessing , S e r v i cing U R e p a i r s .

6 4 ,0 7 1 6 ,4 0 3 2, 580 5 ,0 7 9 9 ,8 3 6

Source: Dj.rectorates of Census Operations ,

4 , The a v a ila b le s t a t is t ic s ot total value of pro

duct by rnanufficturing a c t iv it ie s in the region as in

197 7*-78 is given in Table- 3, Per cap ita vaLvie of pro*-

duct also Indicate the ext:ent of in d u str ia l bacKwardness

as comjiared to the p osition at the a l l India le v e l .

Tahle-3

(1977-78)

State X Total value Of products

---------------------------------------- In^crores X__R s .

fissam 20 4 118

Manipur 1 2 10 4

Meghalaya 6 58

Nagaland -

Tripura 6 33

A ll India - 11823 194

I:«-» •

Source ~ Commerce V o l . 142 N o .3643 , Bombay.

. ^The slow rate o f . re g istra t io n o f SSi rrnlts In

the region , coupled with the r e la t iv e ly high Inc idence

of sickness among the e x is t in g units has acted as serious

im]:,^ediment to the progress in th is se c to r . As in Decem

ber , 1979 the p o s it io n in regard to sick S S I units in this

region stood as belowj-

H-ate/l/I'

V - n 2 -

Table-4

X No.of oick units

I

1 Total N o .o f regd.

X small unit:3 .

Assam 1045 3461

Manipur 166 1687

Nagaland 3 203

Meghalaya 25 304

T ripuia 70 996

Source; Report oE the Small Industry E>:ten3 ion T ra in in g Tnstitute ,Hydrabad ( 1 9 6 4 ) .

6 , From the figures given in the above table , it

appears that the high Incidence of sickness among the

small s r a le units p a rt ic u la r ly in the States of Assam,

Manipur, and Tripura whicli have the bulk of these in

dustries (about B 5 percent) poses a serious problem for

the entire reg ion . The magnitude of the problem of s ic k

ness in the small scale sector is evident from tlie fact

that more than 30 pel cent (. 1 the to tal tey ia lered units

in Assam weru e ither sick or closed during 1971-75, In

order that the l i t t l e procress achieved in the f ie ld of

small scale in du stries in this region may not be wiped

out on account of increasing Inc idence of s ickness , it

is necessary to diagnose this malady properly so that

timely remedial action could be taken to save most of

them from eventual e x t in c t io n . R e h a b il it a t io n of sick

units is v it a l for putting to productive use the invest

ment olready made in them and from the 6>conomic point of

view this w il l result in higher national product,

7. There may be a number of Internal or external

causes of sickness of an in d u s t r ia l u n it . A study con

ducted by the 3 1 S 1 , Gauhati has shown the follow ing as

the main causes of sickness nf small scale Industriest

(i) short age of working c ap ita l and term loan, high cost

of raw m aterials , marketing d i f f i c u l t i e s , d i f f i c u l t i e s

:n getting Gover iiineut ortiers, lack ol enti; epreneiu: lal

:iapability and i n a b i l i t y to face competition from outside .

j -193'-

A f t e r id e n t ify in g i he causes ol sickness oi partic:uiar

types of small scale i.i nustries and carrying out fea

s i b i l i t y studies it would be pc>ssible to categ o iise

them into v iab le and non-viable units so that s p e c if ic

remedial action can be taKen for the le v iv a l of v iab le

units v/hile non~viable units may be advised to close

down. One im|)ortant Implicatirin of sickness is that

s iz e a b le amount of in s t it u t io n a l finance has been

locked up in s ick u n it s . I t is therefore , a d v iaa iae

for the f in a n c ia l in st itut io n s to undertake indepth

study in thia f ie l d involving a lso the Govt agencies

l ik e S IS I, D ie e tc , so that s u ita b le plan for nursing

the v iab le units might be drawn. Such a plan should take

exp lic it account of the units* strength and weakness

as well as likely Impact on environment. The action on

the revival or r e h a b il it a t io n of sick in du stries w ill

cover Several aspects such as plant and equipments,

loc.ition, l o g is t ic s , tCf\n.iport and rornmunicaiion,

finance and m arketing . The w il l in g n e s s , capacity and

professional competence of the entrepreneurs w il l play

a very sigtiiflcant role in the r e h a b il it a t io n of sick

u n i t s ,

8 . There are 19 in d u s t r ia l estates in the entire

North Eastern Region - 9 in Assam, 5 in Trip ura , 2 in

Meghalaya and I each in Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal

Pradesh . These estates provide 3 56 sheds . According to

the Vepa Committee report, u t i l i s a t i o n of sheds in these

in d u s t r ia l estates has been far from s a t is fa c to r y . The

follow ing figures taken from the Vepa Committee Report

w ill p roject the actual p icture s-

___________________ __________ I t _____________E -3^1 )

Name of the XTotal N o .l Sheds X Sheds o c c u p i e d ^ b u r n o r ”” '” '

- 1 __ J 2 5 G - 2 i 2 0 g r-oduc 1 1 on

Arunachal 10 N il 4Pradesh .

A^sam 230 17 49Nagaland 22 Nil 3Meghalaya 8 N il NilManipur 28 Nil 1 4T rip ura _____________ 60 1 5

T o tal£ _________________3 5 6 _____ IB 7 5

Source : Vepa Committee Report.

9 . Industria;i backwardness of this region is due

to a number of r;easons - hit^torical, geographical,

technological ^nd f in a n c i a l . A clim ate conducive to

in d u s tr ia l gjr^wth does not really e x i s t . Local entre

preneurs hjzve been shy and they iack in m otivation .

Therefore#/ the 3tate Governments have t o play a leading

role in the matter of promotion of in d u s t r ie s . In actual

p r a c t i c e however, the otate Governments/UT A,dministra-

tions do not appeal to have taken i n i t i a t i v e and drive

the desired e x te n t . The meagre outlays provided in

the State/IJT P lans for the SS I sector is one in d ic a t io n

of this fa c t . The total outlay under the S ix th F iv e

Year Plan for a l l the seven constituent units in this

re:gion for SSI is only R s . 6 6 . 7 5 c r o re s , which represents

only about 2 .4 1 % of the total S ix t h Five Year Plan out

lay of a l l these u n it s . The total S ixth Plan outlay in

the State Sector for this region stands at R s 4 2 7 6 4 . 1 6

c r o r e s , Seconcily, except Assam, the other constituent

units Viave not so far formulated an in d u str ia l policy as

such . Th irdly , there is only 1 S tate F in an c ia l Corpora"

tion in Assam, extending its services to T r ip ura , Mizoram#

Meghalaya and Manipur. Only 4 constituent units have

Small Industrjes Deve].oprnenCorporations •« Assam, Manipur,

Tripura and Mizoram. The operations of the Corporations

are also not upto the marl^

10 , The p o sit io n in regard to availai)illty of i n s t i

tu tio nal f inance for SSI units in the North Eastern Region

has not been s a t is fa c t o r y . It is partly due to the limited

way in which the f in a n c ia l In s t it u t io n s have cume out to

help the S S I units with credit f a c i l i t i e s and partly due

to the absence of intermexiiary fin a nc ing Instii.utlons

and also the lack of enthusiasm among the entrepreneurs .

Between 1970- 1982 , the rate of indrease in c red it faclll-

t ies to SSJ sectoi in this region has been between 8 .S%

to 1 2 .3 % , The fo llo uln q figures of advance by public

sector banks to SSI Units in tliis region from J 979 to

1961 w il l b e re le v a n t .

TabXe~ 6

________ ___ ___________________________

X i-*ooenber' 80 X December *8 I,

Assam 1 5 1 6 .0 0 1 8 76 ,1 2 2 4 1 1 .9 6

Meghalaya 3 4 .0 0 6 4 .2 2 7 0 .4 7

Manipur 2 7 .1 4 5 0 .0 6 3 3 .7 4

Nagaland 5 9 .1 7 1 0 9 .8 5 1 6 0 . :?2

T iip u ra 9 1 . B1 100 .02 1 6 2 .12

ArunaohaJ Pradesh 2 .0 2 5 .0 0 15 .70

Mizoram 1 .1 3 3 .2 9 7 .61

NEl Region . 1 7 31 .3 5 2208.5,6 2861 . H2

A li India 2 3 3 4 4 9 .5 0 2 9 74 9 5 .5 7 3 7 6 3 3 2 .0 8

Source! Regional C onsultative Committee for National is e d Bank - North Eastern Region ,

1 1 . There have been complaints about low allocation

and sho rtfall in actunl supply of the scarce raw-material

both can alised and non-canalIsed for the Sdl units in

this region . In fa c t , it: has been one of the main hurdles

standing in the way • ! in d u s t r ia l growth in this region.

AS regards c an a lise d items i . e . iron and steel and metals,

the projected demand in 1980-1981 was of the order of

9 0 ,0 0 0 MT, However, the a llo c a tio n and actual supply fell

far short of this d€?mand. The level c f procurement and

strilm tion of these raw materials have never gone beyond

25% of the total demand. As r e g a id s , the non-canallsed

items like P a r a ff in Wax, Chemicals, Cement# Yarn etc .

the pi;ocurement and d istr ib u t io n are grossly inadequate

to meet the requirements. During 1980-81, as against a

total demand of 7992 3 tones of iron and s te e l material for

the en t ire region , the Steel Authorities of India Ltd .

supv>lied only 470B1 tonnes. The supply in case of Mizoram

was as low as 662 tonnes as against the UT 's derrand of

more than 3000 tonnes . The follow ing table gives the

d e t a ils 1 -

• I I

4 7 ,6 9 6 3 4 ,4 2 1

3, 25^ 1 , 421

4 ,7 5 6 3 ,58B

3, 556 1 ,9 6 7

3 ,0 5 5 682

3 ,9 5 4 1 ,7 5 9

4 ,6 5 2 3, 243

- I

Table-7

State J( Demand_____ I___ __________________________________

AS 3 am

Aninafh-a] Prddesh

Meghalaya

Manipur

Ml,2 oram

Na galand

Tripura

Source^j^*'^teel Auth^ril,y^of India L td ,

It may be mentioned that the total demand is in clu sive

oi requireinent for various State Government projects like

house building , i r r iq a t io n , power proiects e tc . The actual

share that th< Industries sector gets out of the total

supply is calculated at about 7% .

1 2 , The Government of India has declared the entire

North Eastern Rej'ion ac 'A ' category backward area for the

purpose of giving central investment subsidy at the rate

of 29K. of the -o'al capital investment, siibject to a

maximum of R s ,2 ; l a k h s B e s i d e s , 31 d is tr ic t - 10 in Assam,

6 in Manii^nr, 3 ea‘;h in Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura ,

4 in Arunachal Praiesh c . n d 2 in Mizoram are categorised

as 'No Industry' d istr icts , where 14 d is t r ic t s /a r e a s have

been id e n t if ie d fox establishment of nucleus plants which

are expected to ^hsure a widely spread pattern of invest

ment and employme.it; in the 3SI sector . The Statewise d is

tribution of 45 District Industries Centres set up in thej

region is as fol^ov/c : Assam - 10, Manipur - 8 , Meghalaya

- 3, Nagaland - ", Tripura - 3, Arunachal Pradesh - 11,

Mizoram - 3 ,1

13 , It is widely 'ecognised that the DICs and State

Directorates of Inqiutries should play a ci'uciai role in

promoting small sc«le industries in the Region , The

Die concept is four.dt-on the idea of providing single-

window sei'vice to -he enttepreneui who may not have to

face the d iflicultiea |pf dealing with a m u ltip lic ity of

orqanisatlons for sp e c if ic items of aSiiiJtanct ind

qujdftnct, Tht Watiori il Commit t-jt on Dcveloi ]. c?rit cf

Baoj^ward Areas (19G1) has sungeated t in t whi U-.; the ot ate

D ir e rto ra te of Industries may prepare- the pacKacfe pro

gramme foi development ol p art ic u la r in d u F ti7 , the DlC

may Implt^ment the pronraimiQ ,md oversee and f a c i l i t a t e

the iCti v/ities to undert aken ty othcir agencitis. Of

course , the 3 [o Is shnuld roritinue to prepare a pachage

for the industries to which tiiey are fsxpect.ed to t)rovide

a s s is t a n c e . The commi t t.r e hns emy h aa ieed the concept of

guided entrepreneurship for bacl^ward areas in which the

DICs should provide more comprehensive and thoroucfh

guidance . In the WB Region the most baflM ing probJem i«

to f in d out adequate personnel to man the technir^îl and

managerial postd of the OXCs. The dearth of su itab le

lecal candidites have left fhe D7Cs In. a Vc.id which is

mainly responsible for their tardy progress . The minimum

oompleroent o£ 5ia£t necessary fo r the operation of D IC

proor^mine is not in p osit ion in many o f the D I C s . Some

of the Sanctioned DICs in i^runachal Pradesh and Meg>ialaya

are yet to be opened, h numlêi' of posts of General

Managers and F unctional Managers are s t i l l Iv'ing vacant

In tne DICs <.s w i l l be Sfên from the dat:a presented in

the table be l ow :-

T a b l e ^

Name of the 3 t a t e /U T I __X Funct,ional Managers

X .X i t Lon X

Assam ‘10 5 70 26

^tenipLlr 6 42 41

Megha3 aya 5 1 33 4

Nacfaland 7 6 27 24

Tl ipura 3 IS ■i

MizOt Hi 2 1 lb 5

Arunachal Pr idesh 5 « 15

Totall 19 2 1 2 1 0 0

1 4 , The immediate means of ta c k lin g the1 prol)lem of fill-

ing important vacant posts in the DICs is to attract su itab le

-an.IldatBS-on deputation from outside the region by

offering Special incentives and f a c i l i t i e s . The deve-

^.opn.ent of local talenta will d e f in it e l y involve time

but tnis .also needs to be aouele idted by arranging

suitable f a c i l i t i e s for tr a in in g . Besides , the DICs b e

ing too ill- equipped to prepare Action P lans , this task

has j>eeh entrusted to competent corisultancy organisations 7

but. (ie^ay and non-pieparnf i.on r Action ]’l ans has acted

as a serious i m p e d p r o g r e s s of D IC a ct iv it ie s

in this region, against 3R UlCs only 28 Action Plans

cQulri be t i l l the end of 19B2*

1 5 . A- present the e x is t in g in d u s t r ia l structure of

this r<5gion consists of about 50 large in d u str ia l units

anc'l roughly 1 0 ,5 0 0 small scale u n i t s . Among the small

scale industries scattered unevenly over the entire

region agro and wood based in dustries are most common,

IVmong the predominant types of e x is t in g Industries mention

may be matie of food processing (r ic e m ill , o il m ill e t c . ) ,

f r u i t processing , saw m illing and wood products making,

steel fu rn itu re making, utensils making, hosiery and

garments m anufacturing, leather goods (shoes mostly)

making, t e x t ile dying ahd p r in t in g , p r in t in g p ress , rubber

and pT.?ptlc goods making, marhinerv Ei paints making,

e l e c t r ic a l apparatus making, manufacture of transport

equipments Sc p arts , tyre retreading , candle making,

chemical products making, fountain pen ink making, re~

p.iilng and s e rv ic in g etc .

16 , There are about th irty fr u it i^rocessinq units in

the region > , which 1 a ie in the small scale category.

Statev?ise d is t r ib u t io n and pattiirn of owiership are as

;f ollows :

/ ^ i(Number)

S t a t e / O T ________X PubJ.ic____ X PrivateJ. Co-Opera t ive X Total

Assam 2 10 1 13Arunachal Pradesh 1 — - 1

Manipur 1 1 2Meghalaya 2 3 - 5Mizoram 2 1 - 3Jjagaland 1 2 - 3

t r l p ^ a _____________________ 1_____ _______ 2 ____ _ __~_________3__________ ^

^^atal.£^_________ ____

pourcei Study on Marketing cl H o rticultural Products in NK ( Region, National Product!vl.ty Ccuncil , GRuhati.

-199-

Thfc estimated annu.il capacity of these units is

al.'out 3600 ionnes per annum, as r^qriinst this the a c tu a l

produci<ion daring 19B0 Wf?.s just ovei 600 tonnes - tho

average cap icity uti lis<ition b e ing only 17% ,

1 7 . H;^ndJoom weaving is a cu ltu ral heritage of the

ptople of Region . According to a rough ustimate there

are about 1 ,3 m illion handlooms and around 1 .5 m ilJion

weavers in the reg ion . Tliis approximat-'ly works out to

33 percent of the tritai looms and 13 percent of the weavers

in the country. The total production o( handlooms in the

Noj th Eastern Region which i r? about R s ,1 0 5 7 m illion is

9 ,6 pe-rcent of the nationaJ output. This gives a fa ir

idea of tiie importance of hand loom weaving in the l i f e of the

people of North Eastern lêgion. However, only ab^nt 1H%> of

the total number of looms are used for commercial produc

tion and such production in the en t ire region (excluding

Mi'.oOram) is estim ated only at about 25 percent ( i , e , 2 5 0

m i l l i o n ) . The fo llo w in g table indicates the statew ise

distri):)Ution

State X

XX

of looms and weavers

Table-10

.^■••ôf looms X Commer- Total X c ia l

X

Thousand Nos .

XPercen XNo.of Weavers XPercen- Xtage XTotai )[Commer Xtage

Meghalaya 5 .0 2 .0 4 0 ,0 10 .0 2 ,0 20 ,0ArunaclialPr a d e sh ,

100 .0 0 ,5 0 .5 100 ,0 0 .5 0 .5

Nagaland. 100 ,0 0 .5 0 ,5 100 ,0 0 ,5 0 ,5Tripura 119 .0 9 ,7 8 ,2 120 .0 13 ,5 11 .3Manipur 2 50 ,0 - fÔ.O 3 6 , C) 250 eO 6 0 ,0 3 6 ,0As sam ___684 ,0 ______ ^^6 ,7^ 786 .0 _ 6 0 ,0 ^

T o U l t _________ _ 1 2 5 8 ,0 _____H 8 _ j,7^ __11 .o_ 1366 ,0 15b,5__

•>oui ce: Khadi and Village Industry Commis.s ion.

1 8 , Prom the Commercial point of view, Assam, Trip ura and

Manipur appear to have some base in terms of looms ahd

y e iv e r s . The other three States are yet to a tta in noticeable

levels in the sphere of com m ercialisation of looms and

weavers. This type of looms in operation in the region result

In lesser productiv ity per loom and consequently to lower

production . Nearly 19Y. of tae_^t^îng-Irôrns consists

of throw s h u t t l e /p i t and lo in loom the p roductivity of

which is lower than the f ly s h u ttle looms*

The e ffect of these co nstra in ing factors in r e f

lected in the levels of production achieved in various

S t a t e s . The table below indicates the total and commer

c ia l production of handlooms fa b rics in d if fe r e n t States

of the region .

Table - 1 1Value Rs .million

State X Total X Commer-X Production X Govt \ Percentage>X X cial X percentage X schemes X share inX X X share X X Commercial

____I___________ X_________________i ___________

Arunachal 2 ,0 0 0 ,7 0 35 0 ,4 5 64

Pradesh .

Nagaland 4 ,0 0 1 . 2 0 30 0 ,7 0 58

Meghalaya 1 0 ,0 0 6 , 0 0 60 5 ,0 0 83

Manipur 3 6 0 ,0 0 7 5 .0 0 2 1 2 0 , 0 0 27

Tripura 6 1 .0 0 3 5 ,0 0 57 1 2 , 0 0 34

As3am 6 2 0 ,0 0 1 2 5 ,0 0 20 5 0 ,0 0 40

T o ta l : 1 0 5 7 ,0 0 2 4 2 ,9 0 23 B B ,15 3 6

1 9 . As the current year is observed as the '"ifear of

Handlooms", the o f f i c e of the Development Commissioner,

Handlooms is tak ing calcu lated measures to select at least

two common handloom products from each constituent S t a t e /

(JT of the region and arrange the production o f these special

co llectio ns through the co-ordinated a c t iv it ie s of Weavers'

S erv ice Centres and the concerned S tate level a g e n c ie s ,

The purpo’se is to s e l l these c o llectio ns in the National

tjandloom Expos cr in the State level e x h ib it io n s —cum-sales

(Organised by State Governm ents/Agencies . This endeavour

jîll produce salul ory effects in the form of p\iblicJty,

bemonstratlon and sales promotion as well as p jovide a

i::hanca for studying market react!ons which w ill help gearing'

jEututet prodiK?t.lDj-i n,f hcirhlL^ms to the actual consumer needs J

2 0 »

The Planning Commisaion sucjgests that the handloom sector

should l)e 3tjfnigthened to play an increa:5i ngly Inioortant.

role 30 as to meet the entire requirement of iTanata cloth ,

20 . The North Eastern Region is r ich in a nutnbei of

hcindici ai t s , The maiii handicrafts ot thi.‘i region are i

BasKetware, G-ane fu rn iiu r e , Mats, Wood Carvings, Terrace ti a .

A r t i s t ic t e x t i l e s , P e ll Met.al artware# Dolls and toys,

enit)r(jidery etc . These C ictls are almoat en t ire ly oriented

to locally rivaliable raw m a te ria ls . While the estimated

numl-jer of handicraft units in 19P1 in India was around

2 1 ikha, 11 was 4479 in the Mortu Eastern H e j io n , The

region , t.hus accounted for 2 , 2 percent of the total iranfcer/

of handicraft units in the country . Arîund 4U*nOQ

men are engc"qed in this industry accountl v Joi: ol i.he

estimated number ot craftsmen in the cC'Jr’ ’"y* The ert \rnated

production value of handicrafts In the regjoji, w-s t2 ound

Rs , 1 1 ,4 crores i . e . about 1 ,7 p e ic e n i ot tlie ert Lmate-'d '

production value of h andicrafts in the whole country ,

2.1, The SSI sector in the Worth Eastern Region suffers

from a numl-er of inherent handicaps , lo catio n al , in fr a s t r u

ctu ra l , f in a n c ia l and ent repreneur j a l , Ge < 1 loca

tion and inadequate tr in.>portaticn system h. e r-,.ai;it<^d in .

c r ip p lin g d i c . i ncentives of exce^Jsive tranjpr:>/L v -: , = cti>.

in-ordinate aelay in movement of m aterials an 1 prcblen.'j

of m irketing . C ap ital inflov; and formation ai a at a low

le v e l , credit f a c i l i t i e s are lim ited and, ent repreneurial

talents arc la c k in g . Inadequacy of consulting seriî<ê- -md

t r a in in g f a c i l i t i e s h^s been anoth€?r handicap p art ic u iar ly

in regard to project counselling , DPR preparation a n d

getting the p lant into production f^tc, Productivi t ’ Id

reJativ* ly low and appropriate teclinologit^s have not

dev^'icpfid,

2 2 , M anufacturing cost in almost a ll units in the region

is h igh . An In d u s t r ia l unit has to incur extra cosi:: ranging

from 10-2C% as compared to s4,milar unit elsewhere in the

pountry. The Central Sales tax and transportation cost

account for 10-15% of the cost of eqtiipment and machinery

in th is region as against fo r other advanced Stiates,

Consequently, project coat for Individual project goes

up by 20-23/=. C ritical inputs, which come mostly from

outside, are not available in adequate quantity and in

time •

23* The devel.opment of power generation capacity of the

region i s ,o f course/ a good augury for future industrial

progress; but at present thf: sniail units are required to

pay for a minimum fixed ta r iff of 20 H .P . irrespective of

the quantum of power consumed. Thus the entrepreneur has

to pay for the minimum quantity of power even though he

does not or cannot consume it to ta lly . The present Sales

Tax structure of the States in the region with high rates

of taxes also effects industrial growth adversely* These

taxes make the products '^f the local units costlier and

less competitive compared to products coming from outside

the region. The situetion' in the North East calls for

special probing into the tax problems faced by small and

tiny industries so that, sorne fB asible sch6iT\e of tax con

cessions may be made to operate.

24 . The industrial development prograimie suffers from

non-availability of trained and experienced personnel and

there is no proper institutional set up for development

of technical and maiiagerial Ualents, The manpower deve

lopment programme under the Seventh Plan is expected to

take care of sk ill formation aspect of small industries

development in this region in a phased manner. As a result

of lack of adequate personnel, supervision has been weak

and worker's efficiency below the expected level leading

to higher operational cost. As there is no sound base of

mechanical engineering industry within the region, the

S 3 1 units have, of necessity, to procure even small spares

and accessories from outside which adds to manufacturing

cost. The 3IDG can -iccelerate establishment of common fa

c il it ie s C6>ntres fo ’ the benefit of such small units at 1least in the In d u str ia l Fistates and Gr-owth Centres ,

25 , In regard to the aqro-hori.icultm al processing

Vinits, the qeneral constraints ciie the lack of working

capital, scarcity of packing m aterial, low capacity

- 2o2-

03-

atl 1 1 saticin, lack of qu<'lily control, aboenr.e ot\pro«ê is

knc'vr how, i n e t f m a n . i g e m e n t iind lirnj.tf^d fa

c tl it ie .s . Thti Ilaiidicrdft Units sul ff r troii’' hitjh priced

and inadequrite aval 1 ribility of cane and liariboo, lack of

c e n t ia l coni rol and coordination in tne matter of defsign

and fr-'ining, problum of packaging etc , Tn::i major in!ii=»

b.ifing factcr in tlio Hand loom sector has bi-^n the nor

o rg an isatio n al structure* Boaides, lack C'f c«‘inmercial

expioitatic 'n and hesltatJc.n of the average weavers to

tîke new methods and to ado}H' d iversil :i. atioii and IdcR

of s k i l l e d ijersonnel in technical and maiingeJ i . 1 cadres

are othei c o n str a in ts ,

2 6 , again3t the numerous hRndi caps and constr-iints,

the WK Region h is q Lb o cert lin pofjltive points whicli need

to be coTiSidered iri form ulating future pl-^n stratcsgv',

F i r a t l y , the req.i(';n has a good natural l im ate . Secrndly ,

the average wage rates o ffe re d tC' -mf/itccepted b y ' Vhe

workers in q uite reasonable and by n a la ie they do not

migrate frequently from one industry to ancther , ThirtiiY.,

the region iiit endowed with plr-inty of natural rosources,

both overground and underground inrludlr\g tri-mandous

powt::r xôtential w)\ich is b e in g h.:^rne3 sed qridu-iliy. F in a l ly ,

thei'e is an iv;akenlng among the local people in regard to

i.rdustri,.-<l d ’.:velopment•

2 7 , The primory objrictive of any Lndusiirlal development

strategy must be to u t i l i s e the local resources optimally

30 as tc mr-^ximlse b e n e fits to the local peciple. T h e*

c-hlvaraman Committee suggested that in the Region small

scaie industries based on lo cally avai laJ^le natural re

sources and Indus! l ie s capal-le of meeting growing local

heeds might be j:>rorroted. The Committ ee pari icu^.arly

dugge. ted aqx'o-proceasinq, wood-proc.essi nq and timljer

Xjrofêislng u n it s , it is time that at present stage of

development oi entrepreneur.-ihtp and technical s k i l l in

j.he region , the iimâct of sinali Induvstties based on local

itiEjrkets t;r agro—process! ng units w i l l be greater . However,

pn bn analysis of the availrible raw material in the

‘ ^ 2 0 ^ -

region as well as the requirenient of the local popula

t ion other indiiatrles like e lectro nic , consumer industry

(l ik e b ic y c le , footwear and non-ferrous w a r e s ) , poultry

and cattle feed industry# glass and ceramics, b u ild in g

m aterial and common hardware^ e le c tr ic a l hardware and

f it t in g s etc , photochemical and fr a c t io n a lis a t io n of

natural o il from lo cally grown medicinal plants and o il

grasses have considerable scope. These w ill be , by and

large , low cap ita l investment and high return units with

re la t iv e ly lesser gestation p er io d ,

2 6 , The most important variety of resources based in

dustries which is found su itab le for the ISforth Eastern

Region is the category of agro-processing in d u s t r ie s .

Apart from the processing of cereals and o ilseeds which

need to be augmented, there is considerable p o s s ib i l it y

for developing small scale units to make best use of

h o rticu ltura l p ro du cts . The Shivaraman Committee suggests

that the D i s t r i c t P lanning and Implementation O rg an isa

tion which the Committee had recommended for in frastru c

ture development in the backward areas should bu capable

of planning for the development of prospective agro

processing units l in k in g them with the supply of raw

m aterials and m arketing . Airiong the other v a r ie t ie s of agro

based industries which might draw upon local resources,

mention may be made of the p o s s i b i l i t y of small units

manufacturing a g r ic u ltu ra l implt^menta, fodder and poultry

feeds etc . There is a lso a considerable p o te n tia lity for

the growth of wood-based in d u s t r ie s , and industries manu

facturing leather goods iS has already been pointed out.

Manufacture of chemicals and dye stu ffs based on locally

a v a ilab le resources al^o has good prospect.

2 9 . There is no authentic data base regarding the

q ua lity and quantity of various natural resources a vaila

ble in the ISIE Region which makes formulation of accurate

plan for developmemrt of industries d i f f i c u l t . However, as

has been in d ic a ted earlier the region abounds in natural

resources which can sustain a v ar iety of small scale

Indirstries, As an i l lu s t r a t io n the annual a v a ila b il it y of

- 10 5 -

tc rest resources# i roductlon and rnarV:et ibie surplus

of important hortIcniltiual crops .ind the estimated pro

duction of hides and skins in this region are given in

Annexui e I , IJ hi L'll, While in regard tc fc'i-est resources#

only about 2 i% have been exp lc itn d loc :llv tor manufacr

turinn purpofles, net. more than 40°o of the horti cu3 tural^

crr)p,s have h^^en used by the p rocessing iuflustrv . In

regard to hides and skins utiJ isatio n in this region i^

jlmo^t n e g l ig i b l e . The regLon 's trad it io n o l liandloom and

rlandicrait is i t s e l f a p rten tia i resourae fox development

cf these iridustries.

3 0 , I'or the developnient and iispers tl of v i l la g e and

sm ili industries during thn f>eveni.h Plan the Planning

Gommi.saion recorriMionds that the in d u s t r ia i de^'Velopment

strategy should have j^roper euiphasis on in frastructu ral

develcpment and ciJoption oi grov/th centre concept as v/el 1

as nucleus plant approach together with in it ia t iv e s fc>r

accelerated a n c illa r y development. In the document -

‘ Approach To The Seventh F ive Year Plan ~ 1965-90' i t is •

s tated that prom,ot Lon of ind\istries in the ME Region

should take into account the t o ta l ity of f a c i l i t i e s ,

incentives and infrastrijcture rather than replying too

h eav ily on concessions like investment and transport

s i b s i d i e s , f course , development of industries in this

region shcuid :;ot be aliov/ed to have any serious damag

ing impact on environmental p rotection and eco lo gical

b a la n c e . The strrttegy for the S S I sector under the

Seventh Plan may be ind icated as toilows

(i) A comi'rehensive survey of resource p o ten tia l

ot the region by adopting modern techniques

l ik e iandsat imageries and actual f i e l d surveys

to be undertaken to prepare a dependable

- - data i^ase which is the f i r s t pre- reguisite for

fcrm alation of any plan for development of S S I

in the reg io n , 'These surveys may be sponaoi e i

by the NEC.

- 2 O 6 -

( i i ) Atterntjt should be made for id e n t i f ic a t io n

of products having market p otential -

r'^ginnal, national and international - so

that wherever the scale of requirement is

large enough, se ttin g up of v iab le production

units can be p lanned . This exercise may also

be f inanced by the NEC,

( i i i ) Level of productivity has to be in c ieased

through use of appropriate technology . This

w ill apply more in case of rural and cottage

In d u s t r ie s . The scheme of introducing appro

p r ia te technologies for v illag es in Gujarat

may be a model.

(iv) R&D e ffo rts should be stepped up and the po

s s i b i l i t y of commercial production and d i s

tr ib u t io n of improved tools and equipments may

be explored ,

(v) Optimum u t i l is a t io n of the in s t a lle d capacity

of the Sol units needs to be ensured.

(vi) E f f e c t iv e morltoring of programmes and streng

thening of the iata base should form iiitegral

parts of the programme of developing small

scale in d u s t r ie s ,

( v i i ) ' Adoption of a wider entrepreneurial base and

d is p e rs a l of small industries need to be given

due emphasis.

(v i i i ) Growth-centre based approach for development

of S 3 1 as suggested by the National Comrrlttee

on Development of Backward Areas should be

adopted . Selected growth centres in each con

stituent unit alongwith industrial estates and

with provision for raw material dumps, common

service f a c i l i t i e s etc have to be developed.

For development, of infrastruictur e f a c i l i t i e s ,

9 promotional scheme for a selected qrovrth

centre in each of ttie non-industry d istr ict may

30 taken up.

(ix) For motlvalion and trdirLlmT of 1 entre

preneurs , a regional iM S iilu te more or le 3 s

on the lines of the National In s t it u t e ol

Entrepreneursliip St Sma'l 1 Business Deve ' cpment

may be set up in co llabo iatio n with iho exist-

ing organisations and the State Corporationa,

The scope and content of the train ing proqra-

rriTTie as well as the entrepreneurial develop

ment schemes should be redesigned to lit into

the peculiar needs of ^:he rHglon. The managerial

courses, instead of be .ng oriented only towards

sk ill format.ion, as a t 'p r e s e n t , should be made

more relevaht to marlceting t e c h n j .q u t .a n d

pioduct and process o r ien ted . The tar<:|fit should

be to tra in on an average 25 < n LreTireneurs

every year duiin*^ the entire period of the

oevf3Hth P la n , ThQxsnheine should I t- fwiidtd

jo in tly by IDBI, na 'îonallsed b a n ls , IÊITCO

and i'JF.C. \

(x) A n c i l la r is a t io n sh#ald be given spectral empliasis

and in this regard the SXDO^ .Directorates of

In d u str ies and the should try to take

adv.m tag^ of Government p o lic ie s and dir^-tives

for tlie promotion o f ancillary- units in iden

t i f i e d f i e l d s , , N

1(xi) A consoriîum approach tor procureilt^nt and dis-

tributiori of c r i t i c a l raw m at«riai the

regional êvel may be considered : TY.e cost

of handlin^p of raw m aterial may be tr^.ated

as promotii^nal c o st . The IKC may consii^^j:

constitutin(^ a regional bodv for thi.s parpose

and a lso shading d part of the oxpenditur^ on

the implementation of the scheme. As suggested

by the .3hivaij-aman Commltt... : the re sp o n sib ility

for sponsorstfip for statu torily controlled,

m aterials and imported raw m aterials might

rest w ith the DlCs and D irectorates of

--2 0 8 -

In d u s t r ie s . The SIDO should continue to be the

co-ordinating agency at the central level for

ensuring that the requirement of gmall industries

(p art ic u lar ly in backward areas) are fu lly met.

(x i i ) F inancial in s t it u t io n s have to play a more p o s it iv e

role in the matter of providing adequate credit

f a c i l i t i e s for the S S I u n i t s . Bank advances to the

weaker sections p a r t ic u la r ly artisans and v il la g e

and cottage in d u s t r ia l units stiould be r a ise d upto

at least 25% o f the total bank credit by the end

of the Seventh P lan ,

(x i i i ) the tiny sector constitutes nearly &(fA the

small scale in d u str ia l sector , it is d e s ir a b ie that

at least 50% of the in d u stries among the industries

reserved for exclusive production in the sinall

sector shovild be reserved for development of the

tiny sector ,

(xiv) Organisation like tTCO, NPC, S IS I and n a t io n a lise d

banks should Jo intly open Inform ation Centres in

each constituent unit and provide s p e c ia l is e d ser

vices to entrepreneurs at nominal charges .

(xat) To reduce f in a n c ia l stra in on the S S I u n its , a

subsidy to the extent o f 25% of the annual v;age

b i l l may be provided to the sm all /un its for the

f ir s t f iv e years .

(xvi) The State and Central levf^l promotional agencies

should form ulate concrete progi.amntes for helping

the handloom sector of this region to take increa

sing advantage of commercialisation by adapting

their production technique and designs of products

to the changing tastes and p references . The Weavers’

Serv ice Ct;ntres shouifi be strengthened to play a

more e f f e c t iv e role in ttAis regard.

(x v il ) As a strategy for development in 1 he Handloom

sec’tor, an. i ntegrated approach instead of the

present package deal approacti imy be adopted .

For this purpowse, a del a Lied study ot the exlcn inc

prc'.duction relat ion , role play 1 by various agencies

e t c . may be undertaken under the aegis of fsiEC.

x v i i l ) In regard to h an d ic ra iis a market oriented apt'.roach

is suggested* This w ill include e t fe c t iv e d i 3 tribu~

t io n , sales promotion, int.t oductlon of new .ieatgn/

pat tern , colours, sliapes etc, aciding new j>ro.3uct

tange , development ot product range devel(.pment c f

product mix e t c . D o v e ta il in g of market in t e ll ig e n c e

with production programming on a continuing basis

v ita l tor the growth' of handt crafts industry .

xix) Greater assistance from PADX for s e t t in g up Rural

In du str ies Development Centres where besides pro

duction of selected cottage industrial goods,

tr a in in g ot a it isan s and market ing can be; organ ised .

>':ilmilar scheme is })einq Introduced in B ih ar .

xx) A Regional T e st in g Centre and a product and fjrocess

development Centre should be set up Jointly by DC

( S v S I ) a n d K t i C .

3 1 . Wliile considerable e ffo rts to supx’>ort the

growth of in d u s tr ie s , e s p e c ia lly In the small scale

s e c t o i , has been made in the p as t , one c r it id a l

area whicVi acci:)unt3 foi inadec^u ite progress is the

development c f entrepreneurs . The programmes for

entrepreneur development in the past have largely

concentrated on t r a in in g , motivation and jcl) o r ie n

t a t io n . In the North-Kast with a ll the d i f f i c u l t i e s

and the challenges of telescoping the strategies of

economic development w ithin a Crimpus of short time

frame, it has V)een necessary to consider the e n tre

preneurship programmes to have a w ider range from

adequate s e ie c t io n of p ro je c t , preparation of

prciject r@pf:)rt, marketing of products, and even

insurance against sickness and volume of e n te rp r ise .

Th is coinprehensive ranges of coverage from b ir th

to death has been regarded as a part of the entre-

X:>reneurship deveiopment programme and it is necessary

- 2 0 ^ -

t o c o n s i d e r evyol vi ng t he c o n t e n t of t he pr ogr ammes on a

neu b a s i s f o r t h e N o r t h - E a s t . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e v a r i o u s

pr oqrammBs t a k e n up hy v a r i o u s a q e n c i e s , i t i s f o un d t h a t

t he N o r t h E a s t e r n C o u n c i l has s et b e f o r e i t s e l f a programme

o f d e u e l o p mo n i o f 1000 e n t r e p r L n o u r s e v e r y y e a r i n t h r e e

s e p a r a t e c a t e g o r i e s o f i n d u s t r i e s , a l i of them i n t h e s m a l l

s c a l e s e c t o r , b u t a c c o r d i n g to t he s c a l e o f c a p i t a l i n v e s t

ment r e q u i r i n g st ^por ai e t r a i n i n g pr ogr ammes a p p r o p r i a t e to

each o f t hemj ( l ) The f i r s t c a t e g o r y u i l l c o v e r t h o s e en

t r e p r e n e u r s uho ar e l i k e J y to s e t up i n d u s t r i e s u i t h a

c a p i t a l i n v e s t m e n t r a n g i n g f r om P"-o5 t o 20 l a k h s ; i n t he

sec ond c a t e g o r y u i l l he t h o s e uho a r e e x p e c t e d to t a k e up

p r o j e c t s l nvol \/i fTg c a p i t a l e x p e n d i t u r e h e t u e e n Rs,2 and 5

l a k h s and i n t he t h i r d c a t e g o r y u i l l bo e n t r e p r e n e u r s uho

ar e l i k e l y to t a k e up p r o j e c t s u i t h c a p i t a l c o s t o f l e s s

than Rs.2 l a k h s . U h i l e t he programme f o r t h e f i r s t c a t e g o r y

o f e n t r e p r e n e u r s u i l l he o r g a n i s e d by t h e N o r t h E a s t e r n

I n d u s t r i a l and T e c h n i c a l C o n s u l t a n c y O r g a n i s a t i o n ( a s u b -

s i d r y o f I D B i ) , t he sc cond c a t e g o r y o f EDPs u i l l be o r g a

n i s e d by t he N a t i o n a l I n o i i i u i e o f Smal l I n d u s t r i e s E x t e n

s i o n T r a i n i n g , T r a i n i n g o f e n t r e p r e n e u r s u n d e r t he t h i r d

c a t e g o r y u i l l be l e f t to Sma l l I n d u s t r i e s B e r v i c n s I n s t i t u t B

and t h e c o n c e r n e d S t a t e G o V R r n me n t s , T h e LDP f o r t he f i r s t

tun c a t e g o r i e s o f e n t r e p r e n e u r s have been s p e c i a l l y d e s i g n e d

u i t h s u i t a b l e c o u r s e —c o n t r n b i n c o n s u i c a t i o n u i t h t h e E n t r a -

p r e n e u r s t i i p D e v e l op men t I n s t i t u t e o f J n d i a , A'hmedabad u h i c h

has a l s o a r r a n g e d a s p e c i r l c o u r s e f o r t r a i n i n g o f t h e

t r a i n e r s f o r t he propoBeri Eu Pb | ( ? ) T he e n t r e p r e n e u r s uho

u i l l he t r a i n e d i n t h e p r o o o s e d FDPs u o u l d r e q u i r e p o s t -

t r a i n i n g a s s i s t a n c e o f t r a i n e d hands a t v a r i o u s s t a g e s l i k e

p r o j e c t f o r m u l a t i o n , p l a n b i n s t a l l . i t l o n , management , m a r k e t

i ng e t c . The r e q u i r e m e n t o f such t r a i n e d p e r s o n n e l i s e s t i

mated at 4 pe r e n t r e p r e n e u r s I h u s y a n o t h e j 2 0 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n n e l

u i l l he r e q u i r e d * T r a i n i n g i n p u t i n f i n a n c i n l t e r m , u h i l e

c o n a i d e r a b l e , i s h i g h l y c o s t e f f e c t i v e i n t e r ms o f t he

d e v e l o p me n t o f e n t e r p r i s e s and g e n e r a t i o n of s u r p l u s and

c r e a t i o n o f j o b s . The a s s o c i a t i o n and p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f the

e i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s r i g t i t f rom t he b e g i n n i n g o f t he p r o

grammes to t h e m o n i t o r i n g o f i t s i m p l e m e n t a - t i o n and t he

t y i n g up f i n a n c e a f o r t he p r o j e c t s a p p e n r to he u e l l c on

c e i v e d . I t i s e s t i m a t e d t hai t h e programme u i t h t h e t r a i n

- 2 1 0 -

i n g i n p u t o f f^^,2.5 c r o r t ^ s , I f a u c n e s s f u l l y i mp l e me n t e d u i l l

generfel^e abnut 700 p r o j p c t e each y e e r w i t h c a p i t a l i n v e s t

ment o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y fe,20 c r o r e s ,

32 . The above proqrsmme i s i n o c d i t i o n to t h e TRYSEH

scheme u h i c h has been i n o p e r a t i o n un d e r t h e R u r a l D e v e l o p

ment Pr oqr amme, The T RYSr H scheme p r i m F i r i l y ai ms at i m p r o v

i n g t h e s k i l l o f r u r a l a r t l B a n e . Ho u e v e r , i n t h e c o n t e x t o f

t h e N o r t h T a s t e r n R e g i o n , i t i s c o n s i d e r e d r i e s i r a h l e a s ' y e l l

as e s s e n t i a l to m o t i v a t e t he s r t i s a n s / c r a f t B m a n t r a i n e d under

TRYSEH an t h a t t he T RYSEn t r a i n e e s d e v e l o p b o t h e k i l l as

u e l l as t h p y y i l ] t o I mpr ov e t h e i r t r ad. e . T h e r e f o r e , s h o r t

e n t r e p r e n e L i r i a l d e v e l o p me n t programme f o r t h e TRYSF^ri t r a i n e e s

s h o u l d a ] s o be c o n s i d e r e d .

- 2M ~

A V A I I ^ I L IT T CP yOREl^T RESOURCE:^

---- ----- -------- — -jr it 1 Arunacbai J Ass^ir X :4anipur X Meghalavsl Mizordin X Nro£ilz.nd'; Tr?pux.^.Forest Froduc-c J ' Y pra(iesh_ i _ __ I_____________I 1974-75 X 1975-76 X 1970-71 j

, , ~~ T -2- X_____rlr_________________ i__zi-— l _liz _1_______ =§r_____I ____ =Zr__1____ r®r___i___r2r__

^ ^ 7 La)h 2.23 1.35 14.48 - 47.00^' - 5.50tci nes

Sawn Timber CU ,M T. 5 , 2 1 5 . 3 0 2 1 ,2 0 5 4 1 ,0 0 0 6 6 ,0 6 1 ii 6 5 0 ,0 0 0 ^ ,0 0 0 7 , i 2 y

P l w o o d Class Timber ** 5 , 6 6 2 , 7 4 3 0 ,0 0 0 l .-i0,000 - - « 1 9 ,0 0 1

Hard>x:od fcr Ind^jistrial Uses . ” 19 4J347.12 - l ,i " .- 000

Pinewood for Industrial Uses, ” ‘ ” 9 ,0 6 3 — ~ _

Pulpwood. '* — ‘ 9 1 ,6 3 6* 4 ,0 0 ,0 0 C - - - 6 6 ,0 0 5

P c le s . — 8 , 0 0 0 1 0 , 0 0 0 - - - 1 ,8 2 1

Matrrhwcod & pulpwood. *' 3 , 4 1 1 , 5 6 7 ,4 9 7 - - . 1 ,5 6 0

P ine fc r T i ’nber use , *' — — 2 3 ,9 4 8 ~ —

!fcte : * Related tc 1975-76; * * In n’oirfcer @ Include Sal, Pine and Round Wood,

Source : Basic Statistics of North Eastern Region^lS80(MEiC) .

Pf<t^UCT10Isi (IF rRU'v..ji^

MOR'Jli FuAGTERIxf R E c r S F ----

- ^ I 3 ^

Conrmodit-y'

Pi Meapple

Or.^jnyeGinger

Potato

X Averfige Annual

J _____ ? £9 1:3

1 ,1 8 ,2 5 6

l , 6 4 , 9 5 i3 2 ,4 2 9

, 400

_ U n ^N U T ,)

X MarKetabie Surplus X

1 ,0 7 ,5 0 6

1, 49 ,76230,B07

N .a .

source . Study on

National P io d n cliv ity Councj I .

;uiMSXURE-j:ii

OF HIDE,Vi a K J M , 1 Q7 <;.

________ (Wo.of P l 0 ces)

Arunetohal Pradesh 22 ,260

4 ,5 6 ,7 0 6M inlpur

Meghpl^iya

Mizoram

N^^galand

Tripura

NI*' Region

2^,000 1 ,5 0 ,0 0 0

10 ,250

1 ,500

2R ,470

6 ,8 9 , 1P6

X__Buf talo _X_^Goat_^

569 9 1 ,2 5 0 228

55 ,990 1 1 ,0 2 ,7 4 2 N e g lig ib le

1 3 ,0 0 0 5, 500 2 , 0 0 07 ,0 0 0 24, 000 6 , 0 0 0

6 50 6 ,2 5 0 N eg lig ib le2 00 5 ,0 0 0 N eglig ible

5 ,2H0 1, 92 , 469 N eglig ibleff 1 4 ,2 7 , 2 1 1 a , 2 2 f.

‘ ; = y “ r 'R e «e a r " ; tn3t l?ae n u T -LI13T it.utc., Madras, May, 1 9 7 7 ,

1-214-j

c H/V?te ;r ~i v .9

aiDUICULTUKE

A3 an .^qr,o-based iaboiir-inten.sive i.ruluat.ry which pxo-

vicies basic raw mdt(?rlal foi haiidloon industry which Is equally

labour inten.si‘v?-e, ser icultu re has great p otential for development,

f^esides/ It f its into thu trad itio nal economic systt>m and way r t

Ij.fe of the ])eopl(- of this ie (/ion . The NE Region has a ricli t r a d i

tion of handlojn as v/ell ,i3 seri«ult .ure . 8 e r ic u l t ’T>re is ilso an

important a ct iv ity for removing anemjiloyTiu nt and under-employmont,

p articular ly In the rural .irf! :is, and bringing up tlie ticonomiculJ y

Weaker section ol the society above the poverty l in e ,

2 . T[ie Nor th E is tern Region produces mainly three v a r ie t ie s

of s i lk 1. ,G , Kri# Mucfa ind Oak Tassar * Ttie Muga cuJtnre in found no

where in the world ex(t!e]')t in Assani, and on a liraited scale , in

M eghalaya . Th',; foil ©wing table show.s the Sl.atewise production of

raw s i l k in NE Region i

_____________________________ .. _ _ _ t j ori_ in lakh^k^)^

______ „ _ _ 1 L 1 4. 1 __ Z Z -A ss .^1 0 ,0 7 1 . 1 0 0 .4 8

Manipur ' 0 .0 5 0 . 2 0 0 ,0 9

Tripura Ncjg, 0 .0 1

Mej^hal^^y^ ____________ ___ ____ Neg. _ - _ ~ Z ______T etal for MER.~" ” ^ 0 ,1 2 ~ “* 0 , 2 0 ~ ' 1 .2 0 'o . 4 8

T ctal i n _ I n d i a ^ ____ ______________ £5 ^ 0 2 _________^ , 6 5 ______1 . ^ 3 5 ____ 0 ^ 4 8 __________

Source ; Central S i l k Bc:>ard/ G fV t , ©f In d ia .

\3s \m hav3 been the larg est producer of Eri and Muga

wSilk in tht country . Mulberry s i l k cu lture in the St ite is also

tak n up exten siv ely bfciust.: of its economic importinces The culture

of Oak Tas u: is lat.ely introdiiceci iii the region and its commercial

v i i b i l i t y is yet to be a scertained ,

U Ttie overall production of raw s i lk in the North Eastern

region Is furnished In tht- table below »-

St itew lse (Sc V-ar i e tywise ^ w SiIj^ P roducti on T a rg e t .

____ __ ____________________ ' _______ "____ 1 L _______

States j Mnlbe^rryJ Tassarj. Eri J Muga Tot.i]

1. Arunach^xl Pradesh - 0 .0 1 - - ( . 0 1

2. ^ S 3 a m .................................. 6 . 2 0 0 .0 1 2 , 0 0 0 .7 5 2 ,9 6

3. Manipur 0 .1 0 0 ,2 5 0 , 1 0 - 0 .4 5

1. Meghalaya 0 ,0 1 - 0 .2 0 0 .0 1 i . 2 2

5 . tizorim N .a . - . - - -

3. TrijiUi a 0 .0 5 - - - 0 .0 5

T. t r 7 ~ 0 .3 6 ” 0T 27 -2T 3 O oT76 jT69

5 , The import \nce o f sert'cult.ure in thie econ jmy o f the NE

R«glon needs no err^jhisis# A s ize b le pop ulation is engaged in

rearing/ sp inn in g , weaving and processing a variety of s ilk *

In 1977-7B nearly 4 l;ikh persons were found engaged in s i l k

in d u s try „ S e r ic u ltu re / though w idely p ra ct ised in the region/

has not been properly org an ised . I t is t/iken up as a p art time

occux>ation and is practised only in le is u re time, a lo t has

to be done to make the industry economic illy v ia b l e . I f oxg i~

nised and develo\)ed on proper l in e s , ser icultu re may occupy,

iii.lthevEag;ioti*Bnepunpmy, place only next to a'-jriculture.

6 , While the s i lk industry in the country mad© rapid

strides during t h e last two Plaii p er io d s , in the Nortli East,

i t has been almost stagmant v ' 'ii 't-ic ularly in the non—mulberry

sector . In fict, there was marked decline in ti\e production

of Muga S i l k , The main causes ire i in the production of Muga

S i l k . 'Itie main causes are i

i) absence of an organised seed ireas and l iCk of

supply of ji quality seeds in time,

i.i) Lack of »;jr linage technique and other modern package

if practices in rear in g , apinning uid reellngi tw is

ting e t c .

i i i ) Lack of marketing support for seed aocoon, in d u s t r ia l

cocoon and the raw silik produced.

iv) I n s u f f i c i e n t reseax'ch f i c i l i t i e s ,

v) lack of trained p erso n n el ,

7 , In order to provide these c r it ic a l linkages c (.)mpre-

hensive programme establishm ent of hjthc n urseries for Eri &

Muga food p la n t s , grainage-cum-training Centres , production of

adoquate seed cocoon, iriulborry nursery-cum-chowki rearing cen-

't^res, v iab le s i l k production unit at the r e g io n al level and

ensurincj of market for the products ,

Stratecrv for Development *

g, One o f the main reisons for slaw grow th /stagnation of

ser icultu re in the North E istern Region is lack of organised

seed ireas result in g in under production ind short supply of

( lu a l it y A y b r id silkworm seed to the re are rs . The seed supplied

are generally not healthy is it is prep irod under un-hygeni-c

ind u n a c ie n t lt lc londlf-ton wh Lch in turn utfiict ydêid and

cjii ility* Secondly . forw.,u:d or it la'-il iinkat/c: j A c il it ies in the

Bhipe if f icililitis f :)r reeling w ’ modern ree lin g m-ichines

ire misaincj. T h ird ly , ])roducti,Hi of q '.)d quality s i l k in the

NE Re :jinn is h impured due to non~exi.stinGo ot modern rot.ling

machine, likn multi-end or semi-ciutom itic re e lin g !nachinuS|

There is o lît of w istig e in terms of w iste s i lk c :tc ,, while

reeling c o g )on in <ibsjlote m.ichtnes. P^'irrrthly, iLth.)agh prciduc™

t i jn of GDC'; >n is in c r e is in g m irginaily# i.hero is no [jerrii insrifet

m.'irkt t m^nh-inlîm fr)r s e l l /d is p o s a l >f thf* ccimmerGi il c c’ Don.

In f iGt the ribsence of permaiiuni- market mechan ifc.-:m for fnirch ise

s e l l of c JG ion and the,; s ilk y irn i.s one of i hci m j j >r mi;^3ing

llnkagc^s which is hampering i.hu gi->v/th of sericulturt; in tha

n->rth eastern I'ec/ion, Fin illy , th(^re is acute shortage of

trained technical personnel t.o ove;rsee the imj d ement it ion of

schemes for de}TeloY)ment of s e r ic u lt u r e . Apart from that the

f armers are also n- t exposed t > new technicifae or packages of

p ractices which ar*.' practised in thti ser.lculturally idvinced

States Itk^^ K\raat \k(i, /tfidhc^ r'rf\def^h v\ad West a n u ja K

The Seric u ltu re Development programme in the NorfcJ-i

E IS tern Region fo r t h e Seventli P I m should aim at removing the

deficicm cies noted ab 'Vt-, The s t r .it(^gy should be t > devt^lop

sericulture as an industry# C'^mmercially and ec'onomic illy

v ia b le . The programme f >r t h e SeventJa P I in may provide for i~

i) Sut3st aitial expansion of area under nurseries

fo r f od plants and incrtâsed production c f seed

cocoons S J that the production base is strengthened

to susta in a programme o f greater dimenti >n;

J i) E ight Reeling unit.s with a to tal oi neai-ly 100

Basins sh Duld be s e t U][» in the region . Two of these

units with 20 Basins each may be l')cat:ed in Asscom

iiid one each in the other units with 12-15 QisJns

fâch;

ii.i) Tw ) l irge s ize S i l k Weaving units each with 30-40

Lo HTis f >r pr oduction jf- silk m aterial from the yarn

produced locally should be set u p . The locations may

be decided on the basis of local production a n d

'■ )thur econ r!r:)n,s ide rations ;

I -

iv) An inttigratfcid RoGling and Tw isting u n it witli

modern rueliny f a c i l i t i e s ciijak^le of producing

h igher gride of s i l k with i capacity of using

about 3 5 ,0 0 0 Rgs of r iw s i l k per 'Innurh should be

set u p ; This u n it w il l aonsume ' thd iddition =il

' Goc j^ns th it 'would bti ptbducetS'by the R eeling units

mentioned in Sub-p^^f-i^-(ii) db'oVe, 'f )r better manage

ment and co-^ordin'atlon; t'he’ irilteV|rited Reeling -ind

Tw isting Unit, sh ju ld be linked to the sm aller ree~

• ' l in g units a ll over the r e g i jn , D iv u r s i f i c a t io n

of products and irr^)rc)vement of the qu \lity and

design should receive p r io r it y a tt e n t i .m .

v) A region al seed cocoon market complex to cater to

the needs of a ll the constituent units should be

set up at \ centr il loc ition. The Con^)lex w i l l supply

to t h e rearers of the region, hybrid seed cjcoons

from L-R* and F *R , The Complex w i l l h ive adeqLiate

cold storage f a c i l i t i e s for su]»ply af DPL during

the siurimer months whtm there is no normal seed coco<jn

production , 'Hiis w il l enable rearers to be eiigaged

in ser icultu re a c t iv it ie s througiiout the year . The

complex should have a commercial coco m m irketing

centre with outlets in other cjnstituent. u n it s ;

vl) *^ne or tw^j v i l la g e s In vll the s i l k producing ire as

of the regi.jn where l o c ‘dl rt-'irers should be adopted

ind all necess \ry f a c i l i t i e s f o r production of

coc jons for seed f jr c.jmmercial use be provided to

the selected rearers#

v ii ) The trained manpower need f >r the implement it.ion of

tli0 ibove programme as well as t h e scheme t iKen up

by the S t it e s /U T s f )x t he e n tire region should be

adecjuatffely assessed uid steeps to get the personnel

tr^iined t iken acCorciingly.

'

1-218^1

Vi I I ) Local Fnrmers should to be provlcJed wltl, t ho

much nee^ded axpoaure to new and lint.roved techniques

through ludio-viau a ,Ud3 and written m.tarJ il

thOTjghfmiy produced md systematic U ly brouqht

fc > + ht3jiu

iy 'th e / " ! conuot be t.Ken uft individually

" ^ reg io n . Either the Centr.U S ilk Board

.uld tike up the C O , rehensIve progr-mme or the NEC should

set up a Regional Gorpor.tlon to implement t^e programme. The

p r o g r ^ ^ e f .r the 7th Plan , including the R tate /„T schemes, w ill

- q u ire an estimated land of Rs. 1300 lakhs. w U , .hpwover,

b.-- necessary to rrqxniaQ ii\d v:nth\\S3 thfc pe»pit. ongag^.d in this

f i e l d .

- 219

CHAPTF-T r\\?P

T n A N S P J 2 .J l ^

' i

lack of aieqimte ran snort in Fi a?;t ructure

both w ithin the rerjdon cani its link wltli rt-.st of thp conni ry

has J'een the main reason for the bdckwarineps an.i i he 1 ing

o f isolation of the north eastern rtgi.on. The n itrr li arul

t r a ilt lo n a l means of communIcation between the :i'i 1

tlie main market o f Calcutta were su't^f-nly ijrrur " r-i to

tlie p artition of tlie 'i^ountry. The 1 imite 1 w 't -r'*- / i r i ‘ .>ort

through East Pakistan was algo a.iv/ersely affertr 'j -i n i. ■/

in the wake of Inio-Pak c o n f l ic t . The r’hine.se :u; re£ 'i on in

1962 I rougiit into focus the Inaieguacy of t !:■ i:''■ t .>v n ■ .

sp ec ia lly rail communication fa c i l it ies in fhe r >r n ap a

result certain improvements took place mainly t h trait’

cons l ie rations .

?• Thie terrain of i:.he region Is ^iffj-nil.^ •; ip.my

parts o f Ariinachal Prariesh, A^^sam, Tripura , f j vir 'urO

nizcjram espec ial^Ly^ there^ are iet p gor ges an j ' t ■ ” > b ills♦

with abun/lant. forest s. High v e lo c ity wini ; r)t-ma‘ i m s ,

occasio n ally of a s ig n ifica n t in te n s ity a- well as 1 an.i

s l id e s iisru|>t surface communications. A v e r y v^st h( twork

of St realms, r ivulets .and t r ib u t a r ie s swolling to laro*--.

^’olume.g of water be ing carried at very hinh sprel in rainy

rror^ths, but drvino up to sandy beds full of bouldcus/ stones

an 1 shingles^ in i\dnder# character ise many parts -*'f the- Morth-

E -ft . Surface <orr;n'ur] icat ions or t ran;;portat i.cn sy.‘='tfms^

tl:;i rt;'ore, do not become very r e l ia b le and also ,3 i s-

]TOi oi'tionatf ly cap ita l intensive in costs . Ma.^^denonce of

ro'j-ds becomes forbivddingly costly and adequate I t'our is

alvrays not possible for timely clearance of wor^'vs, Tt is

not: economic to transT'sort bulkey goods o f low valrie b;,' roaris.

The general soil .in tl\e h i l l areas of the reairn c'>nsJsi.s of

i iS “ int.egratt.:) rock which often tend to lead i:o 'andsl .l lda

nd soil erosion . The so il has# th e re fo re , to be -it r-,rqt hen-

ed ly using lime, or other st a })ilis ing material bf fore lay ing

vvavement during road construction . In T r i iu r a ar.l r\i,-xjr-im

th« re is acute short.:g< of good m iality stone requii e for

r o C O 1 1 s t r u f t icjn r>ro j c c t s .

• The region is 1 irikr :1 with th€} rest of thf: country

with Q narrow s tr jp o f Ian:? of about 50 km w iith through

which a railway llnf; l in k s the recion with the main l a n ’3. The

main net-work is provi,3fi by the Railways by br in g in g the

broa.a gauge from S i l i g u r i to Hauhati ani jo in in g the rest of

the region and also th e trunk ra il route from Lanka to

S ilc h a r /B a ia r p u r v h i.ch fee: is the units o f Tr ip ura , Mi'zorfUn,

Cachar ^an3 South Manipur. However, th is a ls» frequently get

•iisruptevi Jue to unpre.iictiable behaviour of the rivers of

North Bengal, Goalpara anrl North Kamrup.

4 , Tnspite of the transport bottlenecks# the share

of the transport in tlie total outlay of the. north eastern

States in the State Plan is ina:ie cTuate. In the entire reaion

the outlay on transport sector is only 15%, The total outlay

in NE region in t h e State Plan Is Rs.36020 lakhs in the S ixth

Plcin. The North F.astr^m Council since its inception has

^Iven special emphasis on transport an.i communication by

a llo c a tin g highest share of outlay in total NEC Plan expen-*

i it u r e .

STRATET-IEvS FOf PEWLOPMTONl'

5 , The topogr iiphy an.i clim<itJc features ijf the

North-East n e c e ss ita te the df Vf}loT:mien+ of a. large variety of

tr-insTiort ation systems. The operation of r a i l , water

tr<3r)6 Tort, ropeways# helicoTter 'inrl a ir services should be so

pl.inne :5 thot the tim ing of journt y at the a rr iv a l /d e p a rtu re

points are so connected that n ne twork of transportation

system is ievelopjd in which ra in /ro a d tr.inspnr t may provide

the main network and complementary f a d l l t i e F ar^ *^ffert d by

othc?r mode o f transportations for the b e n e fit of users*

6 , DeiVelfipment o f roa:38 has been recognised all over

the wotli as a b a s ic ini important infrastrnicture for the

economic development of tlie country . Roads not only provide

importc^t link between the rural and sub-urban arr as o f the c

country, but also connect the country wit Vi othrr international

centres of trade and comirirrce. The requirement of the North

Eastern Reaion is s t i l l greater as the region has mosi ly to

dFT">^nd on tht roads network for the movement o f goods and

passengers w ithin tlie region . While the National Highways

serve as the main artt-iiesr they are to be linked up by

- 2 2 0 "

VrtrJous otiier type^ of ronris, Tht rcalon has rt maine-^ .1 n;ûs-

t r Lully bickwar.i iue to dtf.ictrncy In the rot.,i n(:tTôrk.

To-t caj lenqth of t.ht oa.i in NE Sf ates/TH’s

whlrh is l ikely to bo conipl< by March'B||, whf thc-:r surfa-

ce.i or vineiir face:3 his been compile:! from Annual Plan for

19fi4-05 <ind are placf i al /înf:yure~ I . I’hc total roci.is com-

r)l#->i f' l A arqf:te rl upto March ' 8 ') In the entire NE ronlon have

also bcf^n comihllt rl ani If; 3 ci+ ^\nnf xurf:-T an.i T I . It

c..in b(r sef.n from Annf.vim - IT th<it thr average lenqth of ro-;.i

Jn km p€ r 100 rq km in the NE region v;il] bf 2 0 .8 6 In March ‘85

Macipur Il-m (Annrxurf JIT) had envisage.’ the completion of

<16 mil. f. of roci^s (3'* Km/lon sq.rn.1le) Jn thf- year 19R1,

which was revised to ‘i2 miles per 300 gq rriileF by Bombay

Plein. Thuj^ Jt can be Fet n that the N7E region .Is far behind

all fn iia t irqc'ts.

6 * TTie Interm.inist( rial Working Croup r'>ropoFed

that a mastf r pi m for the whole region m ^ b( j-ireparr d in

tfie ItMiaev/ork of which now srht rn^s rovild bt' t'\k» n up for

considervit inn and sanction depf.-ndinq on the pi ic^rity and

the reEources, Th is master is proposed to comprise of

all th(. rt iTuirel road schemes whether to b* t. akt^n undor

Central Plan or State Plan or NEJe’ Plan , A p lann ing group as

such has bc*f n anrolnt.f i by the Planning Commission vid<

th e ir lettt r Fq. Tf.C/3 ( 3 8 ) /B 4 dated 7th J v l y '8 4 under the

ChairmanRhip o f A^vi-ê-rdC.Tiânsport) , Planning Commission.

The fiiialdst tioh of such master plan w i l l , however/ take

some more time .

The State PIaJDs in the north eastern region

are sufft;ring fix^m lack of road making equipment. For the

s\3ccessful imtdementation of the Seventh Plan , It w i l l bf

n ce'Fsary to ensure timely supplies o f road making machinery

t ') north f iFtt rn State s . In th is renion , and againsi: thti

I* ckqround of scarcity of labour , even the pre-mix c ir|x tt~

ing ds bt..ing lone manually which results in excelss and irrre-

gulat u ^ e 'o f bitiinien and i-inf;a tis fa c to ry surface . Th ' m s;o

r< suits in cons-t ruction of road without cfuality o -ptroJ,

To derive fu ll b e n e f it s from the exp^-n'Uture

incurred on roa^ construction , thc; maintenance of t h- e x is t

ing roc.-ds should also b<j done e f f i c i e n t l y . It has br;en seen

-2 2 1 -

that, the State Govt, are no’t maintainliiq the e^d ating road

properly due to varloua reasons. Maintenance - ost o f hl].l

roads is also h igher than the roads in the p lajn areas . The

north eastern region is also having the h igh r a i n f a l l , hence th^'

the maintenance cost in the north eastern reaion is h igh er .

The Chief Engineers report on the Road ]>velopment Plan

1561^91 (Nagpur Plan) indicate'-" that the rates per mile of

surfaced roads vary from Rs.3,S00 to 4 ,0 0 0 /~ for single lane

and about 8 ,0 0 0 /- for daubl£ lane . The minimum regulrements

of fund for maintenance in this region wllll: be Rs. 1 0 ,0 00 /-

per annum ^x?r km for single lane surfaced roads and nearly

Rs. 1 2 ,0 00 /- per annum per km, for s in gle lane ot unsurfaced

roavds. It is also suggested that in this region renewal coat

o f 7 . 5 cm. i-JBM layer must be l a i d every three years cfen WBM

roads surfaces . Renewal coat of thin bitumc^nous surfacing

also Is required once in four years .

1 1 . ixie to d i f f i c u l t terrain of the recion the const

ructio n , thf: improvemf^nt.s the maintenance ot the roads

are oulte d i f f i c u l t . The Bori' r Roads Organisation has av

very importaiit ro le in these a c t i v it i e s as fa r as the r€?gion

Is concerned. Thf; roads undf r Border Roads Org<:inis it Jon are

maintained in better ways largely because o f greater mecha

n isatio n of operation and s tr ic te r adherence to targets .

However, con.i'i j;ing the prerent workload -v^s-a-vis the pre

sent setup of th Organisation Lt has been f e l t df slrablt: to

e:xpand ani strengthen the Org.inisatlon of the Bo rdf r Roads

in the north eastern re gion so that tliey can take U|> more

roads.

1 2 . The National Highways being under the ownership of

the Central Gcjvernment are mai.ntained out ot the Central

funds through the M inistry of Shipping & Trcinsport, while

the remaining roads are maintaine d out of the State Plan

budget. Tht; roads uniertaken for improvemtmt out o f the

Cent ral fund through NEC Plan haue i:o b maintained properly.

It is f e lt necessary to e inbarked the; specifif^ recjuirement

ot Funds for the maintenance of these roads. It may l:>e

nt-^ctJBsary to tinance tht rii<vintt n mce of such roads out of

the Central fund tl^rough M inistry of Shiv'ptng & Transport aa

is bf. ing toie in the cape o f the Nai tonal lilghways.

- 2 2 2 -

-1 3 , I I i f . w e U r e c o q n l . s e i i h ^ i b i n h w a y r o n s t n i . - t i o n

! ' ' Q U i S 0 r ' s O - l - l e ’ t o f s l o n # < r V O B i o t i I c t o p r ' l l u t i o n > ^ n ^ r > f ) - l i i u —

t i n i . l e r u l t p i n i t c t a i u t i o n o ^ e n v i r . o n i i K . n l . T h e h i ( i h v r < r /

t 'm sT'ort A^'ebIflp!F d.lso cic. .ilif' iiOlf'6? ■'in i firnll poi tionoup

p o i l u t d n - t s . W i t h a v i o w 1 o a r r e r . t i n n I c ’ q e EC<ile f r o p l o n

i u c t o u n p l c i n t e i ] i i a ) i w a y c o n s t n i c ’ t I n n i n h i l l y d r r a . « , t h f

M i n 1 s t t v o f V i p i . ' i n c f n ’' r a n s ’ o r t ( R o a i s W 3 n g ) i f r u c : cl q n J 'i

l i n e s i n S e p t . f ^ n i b e r , 1 9 7 4 . T h ( ^ T n i i a n R o a . - ^ p c - o n g r e s s h a s

E t t U p H i g h w a y E n - ' / l r o n m e n t c : m i P o l l u i . i o n C o m i I t t ^ . r . T h u

F l ' . i n n i n g C o m i i i e f i o n h a s a l s o . - t t l a p t a n k f o r c e p o n e r o ~

:'if vt'lopnie.n't ec ’ ■afl' it< ly .for Iliinalayan R(;glons inc Lu'i.ing

North f astrni Region. Hovn vo.i, d.l. if: necessary lh«-t

a.i(‘C|u<.>tf. at cf ntion is aiven and more viqorous eti^VB ai t

t-kc n In sf l(;c tion of a roa:^ alignment to avoid unstable

.n,i eT'Otfion paone aroaB. Stt:ps should also be t iken to

impiovt: th(^ a ir quality tuee to automol'iles and noise;

ibetnii.rrt . !♦ may also t'>e cor side re 1 whelhter it v;ill bf-

vrori hvrhile to earmark separuto funds against earh road f(-r

Toa.dside p lan tatio n s .

1 4 , The (existing railvj..y network w ithin the region

is mainly confined to ^\ssam, having 2089 km of metre gauge c'n

m 3 26B km o broavd gauge, toi a i l i n g 2 3 ' “ 7 km, Tn advdition,

T r iru ra an-t N . cnland h ^ve got a metre gauge trîck of 1? km

and 9 km r* r ’ octivt-ly. The other \inits of the FE rGolon

h.ivt no i . i l liner, at a l l . Th( to tal net^ôrk in i he region

i s rAich h^f= a If ngth of ? 3 7 B km, which w'^’ ks out to 0 .9 5 km

per 100 so kn ^gainst the a ll India aêrî^gf of 1 .B8 km per

1*^0 s( km.

15, The main bottleneck in the railvray network in

tVie re<'ion is the LunvUng-Pu5arnur section pooiilarlv knovm

as h i l l section . ^liis link is a v i t a l link of ra il comn u-

n ication to Cach^r, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura serving

out ''OÔOO sq.km of area. However, f ven a fter the nece-

F: ry ill orovement in the: e x i s t i n g r a i l ti ‘ck, the line

c >1 ac ity cannot be increased l)eyond to l im it . The t r a f f ic

T Toitct.ions ’- ii r int the conveision of this into t>road

t -ug> iTiiF L di~it<:. l y .

3 6 , The R li Iw jy Reforms Committee has also set up

Working Croup for reviewing ra il borne t r a f f i c p o te n t ia l .

probJ.eiTis of NF Railway . s<Jinmary of rpr’ommf^n.i t ions of th«

Group are given in Annrxur IV .

1 7 , The inl-jndl water transrort had brrn a f a ir ly well

developea mode of transport on the- Brahm<iputra and Barak

cinvi in fa c t , the de'^êiopment of steciniej servjcces was well

esta b lish e d whe n the railway services were in th e ir in f mcy.

With the p art it io n of the country und the d i f f i c u l t y of

co ntinuing ste.iner services through the areas, then in

Pakistan and now in Banglaif sh, the potenti.:i] of thr river

services was u t i l i s e d only to a lin 'itei extent and, in fact,

thef f a c i l i t i e s alrtjady av<-ill ible at the time of p a r t it io n ,

went into dieuscr .^'ter the r^rotocol on inland water

tr.^nsport was sigrn i with Bangladesh, the steamer servlcf s

have been revived under the Ct.ntral Inlfiind ^Jater Transport.

Conxiration i c i m c ) which has already t iken steps for reno

van t ion of f leet înd for b u ild in g various shore f a c i l i t i e s

at important r iver s ite stai ions . The plans o f the CBfl’C

iravulvtj ievelopiTênl of ralcutta-P>mdu route .md extenst:ion

o f its services from Gauhati to Dibrugarh with development

of river site stfitions at C alcu tta , Dliubii, Pundu, Tezpui

Noamati and Dibrugarh and r> ve lopm( nt of Calcutta-

Karinigfinj rotite. The plans f f the Cl'ITC could bt de'^c;lop6-d

to a gre^tter extent if fatîlJties to be creitt.d at Pan iu riry

part are to be fu l ly exploited S i i d l a r l y , necessary works

for r iv er t r a in in g , e sp e c ia lly in the Kushiara ri'êr in

Bangladesh are needed for e x p lo it in g the T ^ten tial of

Cal cutta-Kardmgan j routf . P ic 11 itie s lor hydrographic

surveys and river t r a in in g works should be taken up in

several ti ilnjtary rivr rs of the; Fi îhniaputra and Barak if

other stations in UT'>pt:r teac:hes of Riahmirutra and its

tr ibut iries as W€ 1 L as Bar li: h'=.ve i o bt. ful ly de'êJ ort^d

<ind u t i l i s e d . Very cons i der il l t. v«3 rk in this regurd remains

to be done in i he case of a number of river systtsms. Th(

s ig n if ic a n t advantage of a waterway compv.red to other svptems

is th it it is tjsperi illy su itable for V)ulky and Low value

\ r a f f l e , whereas it may be uneconomic for other systems to

transpo rt . Besidt s unlike other svstems with gr<âter use,

the mviintenance of waterway bt com«r!S «-<isler an 3 less costly*

At the Init ial, î^tage, many of the rtjmotf. and inaccessible

- 2 2 4 -

rr-i s .ire llke.lv -t o fin i grt.c lor-UFc f o r w it c r w a y s b.

It p fcvrt nt !m,i m.lnc i il vi o lur before proref'sing u'c llkr ly

to br low V'i] U( \ni of l- Tt/f volurn s.

' of Tnl in:^ W i-tf.r. Tr inEi o M t wo in ijnr

veloprnc-:ntr m r i mrntion ?\ere. Divic.jon of Tr insmrt I- r-

c n c h , M inistry o fs Shlpr.ing 6 Tr inprort V is rectnllv ronirv

i .1 Biu'^y on Tr iffic Poti.ntJ il ,ani L onornlc ^ l i b i H t v of

I'l\> i St rvicf F in fhn nr, bmapufi i Rivr^r 19^4 ) . A.lonq with

thit^ st vi ly, - h.c rei’ort of th« Working Group p€?t up bv -t ht

Pi n n ing ConimisF ion for v. J opniert of Iril m i T>rat. i

port iurinq the Ser. nth ?*lvc.; Y.- r Plan hOF brcoine av,.,llabl. .

Surnnary of recomnif n âtlonB niaie by fh^^ Working Group ip ql'-cn

Jn J i n c : - V . Tbe stii.iy by Tr msport Rt.. e ^.rch Dcvision

fun is justificible scop< for a major tlirust on IvfT ievelop-

ifient of thf r iver Prahrnciputr a ani has 1 ir-nf if ie:l a t r a f f ic

of 2 2 .6 4 ir.kh tonnet which anr|ually ro uli be p ro fita b ly

car r if 3 by thif, moir ani h- ve pi o>'>osed an InveBtrnent of

R^,?9l crores in improvioup thf: TWr inf rast ructaire on t h(

Pr.ihmaputr-Q basin routes. The Working Groi^p while recomm-

eu-Uih#-)niaxim\im u t n i s c t i o n of t h is mnfir o f transport imme-

J i t e l v , heis suggested that a smc'Jl Fx^-'ert Conmiii tee may be

£ :t up to examines the thrc reiôrts togetht r an.i frame actual

rtfTs for iru Inrrif ntat ion of the r'rx)gramme. Some of the

r 'ocr- Pii'ef:- vA .r h h _re bf en considr rea esrenti.il have been

lisft .i in p.v.r F 12 to 6 S of this ch iptf r.

^^'iyuôot shouli take up the question of extend

ing Itf; services to a larger number o f 3 ic::!Lrict and subdi

v is ion d ■ -imin l.strative he^-idcruarters of such remi.te

and inoct (. s s ib le ^re.:is. The a irrru ft to b( selecte:^ may

h ve a r-ipacity, but sl-oull provide regular services

lid eh(juld enable botli thr goods and passQiigers t r a f f i c to

K ci-t n d to , Thr-n ip considerable scop<; for p icking \ij)

heit.lcultur.l 1 c^nd other perishablt^ crops through a v/ell

o n .n lp t d V ivudoot sr-rvice connecting with regular lAC

s- r< lc{.s or long distance ra il rxjad se-rvic at im yDr't ant

■i In' iM ’ 'ns or terTninus.

• Thf St lie and IJT Governments c )ncern€'d may, with

*■ irtagt , Cf.i s l ie r Introduction o f helJc(nrt:^r services for

- 225 -

for transportation of government, medicai anr otlier perso

nnel an i also for passenger s e ’ vice. f'veri if rates are

eu b sid ised , th is would consivierable help in oi^eninq up the

areas .

21 . It is of utmost importance in sohie of the inacc-**

e ss ib le ani remote areas of the North-East l ik e Arunachal

Pra.iesh, Mizoram, Manipur, parts of Nagaland, Trly>ura uni

Meghalaya that ropeways for carrying freight and even

passengers should be developed. The terminus can be planned

so as to connect other means of surface transport l ike roads^

e t c . Tt would be \-Jorthwhile for the State and UT Govern-

mentB and North Eastern Council to invest in deta iled

techno-econcMTiic surveys for th is purpose. Besides the

economic importancf of carrying freight# th is means of tran

sportation could be regarded as e^mergency mechanism for

reaching medical and other f a c i l i t i e s to inaccessible areas

as well as for p roviding a useful stagto in develo'tnent of

in frastructu re pending the construction of roads and other

means of surf ace l r^aisport ation system„

2 2 . Itiere is already considerable competition and

avoidable overlapping and duplic.-ation in transportation of

goods and, even to some extc^nt, passengers between road

and ra il st-rvicrs. I f economic studies in this rtgard est

ab lish a structure of freigh t showing the extent to which

Rail transport is more economic and crm petitive in cf^rtain

Wfiys than road tran spo rt , it ’iA/r'>uld b<_; desirable i f demarca

tion is made between the goods an:3 passengers to be carried

by road transport and rail transport* In a democratic and

compttitive system as of our country, it is not possible to

prohibit +hf' (iitry o f any transriort system in any area, but

the concept of p lanning and integration of competing

t ransport ation sy-stems involves that the 1 ecfffcstrudture

and various other rf.giilat ion operating subsides and

other incentives should l)e so planned as not to defe it

the economic o b jectives and inhernnt advantaaes of thf

respective transTortation system. Abov(> n i l , the need For

u t i l i s i n g scarce mineral and o i l resources remains a para

mount o b jective o f the planning of transpcjrtation systems.

- 226 -

5.iuV;i cict, i hf rnf f ire, tc'i 'T .1 itt- gu ide 1 !nc j- I'e lng

t' f lo v L i in thlF regrij a might ht inida(>ouf3 1 o cle f ine

cjii'i i niurrite thf sjihf rt, to V'c offt_red 1 ' ’ the rf £-r'*€ c 1 l\ e

trnn.'^rortcition systems f orne what, on thf fnllovdnq IJnc s j

(i ) G>ooc!.s an^ pdsBf.ngpr t r a f f i c of a r-hort .iifst mre

n a i u n wlilcli coiil i be i( f lnf i is 30.0/400 krns fthoiil i he

p r f f. rih 1 Y c' ai r .1 c i by ro a:1 .

(l i ) High vcalut t r a f f ic o f commoiU tec r ppr.ri.al ] y

periRhal)lr= cominr),i it t(-B, the m.irkr-tF of which .ire F itu itn i

'TUtF:iif- the NoT'th-F ^rt sl.ou.li bf:' Ccirric.i by thf t ) inr^xirt

Kyptein which o ffors th< {irfatcBt spt f d. Air f:f.rvice. s shoul i

) e ut 1 1 J s«:. i for th 1 f pur r ORe. .

( i i i ) L<jrfff voJuiTir an I h i g h v a l u e o r mfidi.vim v iluc

t r a f f i c w i t h d n the N o rth - B ^ist a n d f r o m t h e ^forth-F;^lat t o

thi i( Pi Inat. j a n s o u t r i;1< .-=:hoiJld c a j r i r i by r i l •

M v ) Low value on i h igh t r a f f i c Rho\il:i be

c ir r le d by ri^^f'r,

prt S'--nt while to some rxte'it the Railways

h iVG .foiTTii d some commltte-^es fo]' iiscus.sion with users as

v-.ll as '^rlth the St t« Go'ernnit'nts# the re' is no coordinated

linkage for d iscussion in the region as - ^hole among all

th 1 r insT'ort t-m s .rvices m i the State Governments. ^t

th is st n(., it ic: neithe r necessary nor desirable to form a

c irimiE,<i(^n ^rith st itutory powers of g iv ing d irections which

-irt op. ra1 ion. l ly mendaioiy and b in d in g . Thf- decision making

r< le of 1 he resrx ctlvf^ transi ort-d.ion services may not be

irtf rff re.'5 wii h at a l l , Tt is , h o w v e r , necessary that the

r prc seni.atlves of the St ite Gove^rnmf.'ints# the users# the

avjihorltlrs cnrifrollinq v-.rious t ransix)rt at ion services e t c . ,

r-oul 5 niof t togr.d.hi r ]Hjrlec'lically nn ir r Lhf, aegis of a

1 o- on:.l bfvly to d( libel te upon and .iiseass and suqg-

e. 1 ion?.- reg.j iinq fre iqh t , O T^rations , facJli-t ies to be

-1 . V l o p e 1 e f fe c t in g credter Irtegration e t c . , in a svstem-

H ic iTionnei . In ’V’ lev/ nf the fact tha 1: some of the transpor—

tit ion sei trices arf run by the State Governments ani some

Iv i he Central Tin lertaklnqE the ultim ate iiii-rui of which

- 7.71 -

remains in o f f ic e s outsldp the North-F'ist i-t would be

useful i f the North Eastern Council which is a regional

boiy and which has cimong its functions those of regional

p lann ing , e s p e c ia l ly in the matter of transport and commu-

nic£tions were to organise mich p er io d ical meetings under

its a eg is . The NEC may aJ.so set up a cell for adeauate

follow-up and planning of transport systems as well as in

order to id r n t ify the areas In which duplication r:md undue

competition are avoidrd and th( services are made very

e f f e c t iv e for the user as well as for the adm inistration in

the North-East. On such a body to be created the rer^e-

sentatives o f the State Transr>ort )>partm ents, of the Road

Corporations , the Hallways, the Vayudoot and the T .A .C . ,

CIWTC <ind the State PfT Department. important representatives

of business and commercial interest and user organisations

should be representafli

- 228 -

g .;i^r'C']T;D IDEN'"^ IF rFJD AT^ /\S

r a i l w a y s

2 4 . Hie s ix new railway l in e s (Table-l) t<iken in

hand during the Sixth Pl^m costing around P%3 14 croree are

to be comnlete.i exPe.ittlousl y . The overall progress on th is

is not very satisfactory/ and the main bottleniji'k in th is is

tVie n o n —availab 1.1 xty of: tliu rn_ccBG^i.y -

The vork on the i a 11 way 3 Inee, on which the

surveys (T,il:.le-II) are unde- -roceKS m i arc expectei to be

coinplete:1 in next 2 to 3 year» nay be taken up iinmeilately

after the reports are madf ivan ab le . Report s for the two

raJlvjay.s lines i . e . , Lekhap-mi to Kliarsang and Lalaahat to

Vairengte have already been inaif available and the cost

of the prclec-t is fv oectel to be iround Rs.'-!4 crores.

- 229 -

Table- I

iTet'rille of liinkMo. I

1 .

?.

3 .

6 .

r f tiuacnOêrrc L-hTKT^nr Cort*

JL J _ _ _ HF'’. In lukhs)

auh al i- ’Xi r n 1 h at PG( A.‘• s -'-in I /Me f:Th al ay a )

n a 1 .i p cl r . i- Bh a 1 uk i:inn g MG

( Af s<ani/â'un aclial p r 11 it s h )

Lai al az a r /La l anh at - Bh A r jl :1 MG (- \F s ant/Mi zor arn)

Arnqurl-Tnl i

( As s arri/Naaal an i )

S 1 1 c ha r -J i r 1 barri ( A*? pam/Mciii irur)

Dh a mnan aqar- Kiirri'ii gîat. (as R am/T r1pu r a )

MG

M(?

MG

. 8 . ? 1

^3.4''

4 B .77

1 7 .0 7

sn. 36

3 3. SO

1 470 .0 0

9 9 7 .0 0

2 7 17 .0 0

SB 3 .00

2 6 60 .00

2 9 59 .0 0

Table-IT

MG railw ,y l in e from Kiimarqhat to Aqai cala .

h\G r.:.ilwiiY l ln ^ from Dlmar'Ui to Chunûixe.ilroa,

MG railway line from JlrlVâm to Mrkiu.

I*C r-ilw-y l in e from T lp l jn g to It an agar,

MC; railway l in e from Lekhapani to K} arsang.

MO railway l in e from Murkonqselek to Pa^sighut .

Conversion of bro^.i gauge from Gauhati to Dlbr\igaTht-

1) Via Nowqong~Jorthet-Sibf;aqar.

il ) Alone the e>'tsting alignment v ia Lank<i anDimaT'-ur

8 . Thfc bro qange convrr.<,ion from Lanka to S llc h a r ,

1 .2 .3.

4.

5.

6. 7.

taking the investment .if els ion on the new

railv/iy l ines the norms may be pelajced as tht c o n iit io n s in

th is realon are qiiitr different from the rest of thf. country,

T' - ie c is io n has to be taken keeping In viev; the soclo-

ec ^nomJ.c consiierat ions. The present p r a d ice of the Rall-

If -o ex^)ert a rate of return of at lease 6 .7 S iêr cent

o-f the capital Investment by the eleventh ye<^r after opening

ini a ret urn Mf 1 0 ■ per Cf^nt orr fhe itiveptment b^/ 30 yeai s

ifter opening without p ro v iiing for iepre-lat ion , the net

f-'Hrninqs b e 1 rq ieterm inei t h m u q h ".i is count e.i cash flow

t'..'hn i c u c J u J q e d l^y such t r a i i t io n a l y a r i s t ic k s , possibly

no sch(.irit s for railway clr^velomient in thf leql on woul i ever

be taVen up.

2 7. The three main projects wh^ch are very v ital

for the region an.i on whitahi bheeRtitlre economy and other

in in strlep in c lu d in a the supply of foodorains ierend are

( i) construction of Jogighopa bridg e along with the broad

gauge lirie from Panchatratna to G a uh ati ; ( i t ) construction of

o f broad gauge from Lanka to S i lc h a r ; ( i l l ) the broad gauge

l in e from Gauhati to Dibrugarh . These three projects should

be taken up on a war footing and funds (around I?ij.900 cr.ores)

for these three p ro jects should be released l ib e r a l l y so

that the construction prugramme Is not a ffected 3ue to the

want of funds.

2f3. All the new projects suggested aboveA>eing

executed w ill take about 7 0 years for construction . In

the meantime, it has been suggested by the Railway Reforms

Committee ô open 20 new places under the out agency systein

and to charge the consumers the railway telescopic rates

instead of the actual cost of the road portion . The ext ra

burden on this arcoiont has been estimated to be of the order

of Ps.28 crores annually which may be borne by the Central

Government.

29, As the time required for constructing a railway

l i n e , its in v e st ig a t io n , etc . take a very long time, plann

ing on long term b a s is Is recTuired as far as new rail lines

are concerned. Keeping th is in view it will be worthwhile

to includf survey on some additional l in e s /e x te n s to n to

- 230 -

e x is t in g lines in Seventh Plîn.

survey on

It 1 s s'ugae st e J to incl udc

( 1 ) Bhalrabl to Salrang ( 2 ) Agartala to Be3.onia in

Tri put a.

(3) Kliarsang to Miao in A. P. (4) Makru to Imphal in

Man iiîr.

(S) Dh can s i n to Ka rang (6 ) Burrrlhat to Barapani in Me qhal aya.

(7) Rupai- Nams a i- Wak ro (8 ) Naharkat ia to Df-omali.

(9) Mahur-Tousem in Maiilv>ur at

Rs. 150 lakhs .

an estimated cost of

30 . The O il India L t d . , has got ixl ot o f tict 1 V i 1 1 es

near Morîn-Tengakhat, Duliajrin and Jjlyboi. At ijr. sent, Mnran,

Naharkat ia are not d ire c tly connected by railway l in e .

SlnilLcirly, MaharKdtid i; ronnor’t ! i to Dicboi a'1 i ' M ns\i1': .i a,

Mf>rah/ 'Tt ng>ikhi1 is not. coriif ct( i V>v’ iny r ii.b^ .y L ini , They

h.ive, Ihi i t. fore , Droposf i a r . ll^r iv 1 ir- c -)nntctinq Mor^n,

T^n CTt.ikl 1-it f JXil J ■'j -iti cin Dl ctK'o 1 * H'liJs i.bchj r’ ii.ip .t if'i ai, | oii.

ROAIJS

31- dire tiy s-tatej t.}\e ri'-r r ine lenqth of the ro-iin

in evich constituent unit of the leglon is n uch less tlidn

the all Tn;Ua avrrages. Thr- st .^tistics r» it-.lnJna to the

K urlarei rocvl is even morf: Uscourdgir q. Thr -x:)F3,1 tion of

the roais by t ht. eni of the S ixth VI .n w ill be a- Pf r /îne-

xurr— I , i-he it t a l lg of the national Mighways in the renion

irt phovm .in /îne>ure-Vl an cl V IT .

'3 2. The to ia l lenqth of the N :t ion.il Hlght'.ra’«/s in the

reaic:»n ;i s 4062 km. These have to be brought to the snecifi-

ca-t ions o f rational Hlghv;ays by conmlel ino i hf balance work

on urgent I 'iB is . There should be no comprorniRe in r< .iurlng

the w iith aiii othe^r b t > » f I c - ‘i ion^: r:>n financ’i , 1 cons Lierat Io n s ,

spec-lally in Important National Highways l ik e MH 40 , NH 4 4 ,

e tc . r:Ung to th( ejrtlmate^s of the C^hief Enginer r ,

Miniftr;^? of Tr<..msport, \t r 'auhaii, the cost of ur^gr-i.iino the

it ion- il H 1 ght^ray s to t hc ■ i r spei’ i f it 4t ions wîs workr d out at

the time of the rt irt of the Sixth Plan at Rs. ?S4 crores tor

the. o l i National Highways c:ini R's. 230 crores for the new Mat-

if)nal IMghw^ys -i clare:^ or; 1 . 9 . 8 0 . ^\(âinst t h i s , the extx n-r

i ' t u i c Incurr. is h a r ily 10% ,

a.i. ition to tlie national Highways already

ieclare.-^, there is a nef 5 to declarer some more National

Highways in the rer in n . Tl-je s t a t is t ic s p erta in in g to the

Nati'~>]ial Hinhvrays in each constituent units dni comparison

of the S'tme with all Jn.iifi avf^rages are given in Armexure—VTT.

Tt is m r o s e i to declare some more ^âti^'nal Hinhways out of

the 1 i Ft rtif^ntione l in :> ure- VITI. "The Poa.i '^-veiopment

an For T n H a (1 l-?nn 1) has also en V^rFe-i this new an.i

h ive- also iile-nt 1 f ie.i the roads' to be relt ased as National

iîgl^v.avs ■'n the region . The report has also we»rked ou+ the

1 nr ths of ] oais to be de,velopc:d in each S t U c / U .T .

- 211 -

3 4. In the NEC Pldi) it is proposed to construct

interstate roads to connect d is tr ic t headraiarters of the

ad jo in inq d is t r ic t s of the neighbourinq states in the reqion

and the total length of such roads were roughly worked out

to 900 kni costing around Rs.l33 crores . Sim ilarly# it is

proposed to connect eubdiv isio nal headquarters of the n e ig

hbouring states and the block headquatters of the ad jo in ing

blocks of the neighbouring states . The total lennth for

conne:Ctinq the sub div is io n al and block hr-adciuarters was

roughly worked out at 1300 km and TSOOkm costing around

Rs.195 crores and Rs.230 crores res^x .ctively .

3 5 , States Plans may conside r connecting (a) all

d is t r ic t headquarters with th e ir resT:>ective state capitals#

which are not yet connected like# i\nini in Arunachal Pradesh

(b) all sub div is io n al headcruarters with th e ir respt;ctive

d is t r ic t headquarters , (c) all block headquarters with their

resTx^ctive su b d iv is io n a l headquarters ^^nd (d) all v i l l a g e s /

c lu ste r of v il la g e s having a population of 1 0 0 0 and above

to be connected by all-weather road. The id e n t i f ic a t io n of

the roads on the b a s is of the above modality# however, could

not be completed. It must be emphasised that while deciding

the alignments# the need for the proposed road to or>>en up

rxDtential areas l ik e v il lag e s must be kept in mind.

36 . As the wayside amenities and f a c i l i t i e s like

godowns etc .# are generally not a va ilab le in tVie reqion it

is recommendfd to make a provision for sue?) f a c i l i t i e s on

the main roads. ^rhe id e n t if ic a t io n ot such places# however#

need to be f i n a l i s e d .

m a j o r BRIDGE’S

3 7, Rall-cum-r oad bridge over Brahmaputra at Fiogibil

near Dibrugarh . The f e a s i b i l i t y report is expectedf from

m/s r i t e s by J u n e 'B 5 . Thu project may cost around Rs, 200 crores

and is of v ital importance e sp e c ia lly for Uppe;r Assam ind E

E;aste rn Arunachal Prad* sh. A fter the f e a s i b i l i t y report it

may take 2 to 3 years for investment decision and model

s t u d ie s . The requirement during Seventh Plan on the project

m ay be a roun d Rs. 2 0 c ro ru s •

- 232 -

3 0 . Md jor b r iig e for v. Ivôr Hr cihma vt r u at Jli-tnj Imu^ bh

4 s-i tfp Wfcire siigtie s1 eri iny M /b . in i'hf.. prt;l.irnin iry

for conrt mict .1 in of brl Iqer- ovt.i aVin ir-ut i-i at

Btioinor aqurl, Bogibil, imukl -ad T iTonc-i.i, con^t ruc

tion BhoiTior<-irnri an^ riii'vey of Bocibil hri.int.f <ir(’ being

coinpletei. It is prOTXêei to tctkr up t.h' fur'V'foy an.i inv -sti-

gallon for Jhc-nij Irriukh brilue in the Sc3venth Flvt-? Y».:ar Plan

at an dpnroxirnatri cost of aroun.i Rs. 100 lukhc# Conr-l-l ring

thf fart that those major bri:3gcs nrr'l a lont^ term planning,

it 1b worthvTlvile to start the Invosl i g it Ion vjork at Ihis

stagr ,

3 9 . Bridge over river Barak at R a n lfe r ry /ja t Ingamukh,

There Is a persistent demand for a RCC bridgf- o^rer i iA/er

Bar-ik at R an iferry /ja t Ingamiikh on the State roads,. Thfiuqh

tv/o Furh bridnen already eylrt within a dlptance^'of 1 0 and

IS f<'jn at B.t.Urpur an i SiLchar, yet the pr<)POBed bridne will

cut .short the distance for the people going from Mejghal aya

side to Sllrhfir. The project is 1 Lkely to cost around

Rs. 8 crores . The conptructIon of th is bridge is recommended

to be incl\idcd in the Central plan of the M inistry o f Shipp

ing 6. Transport.

40 . F’.ridne over river Db-onsiri at SilVK^rl. At pre

sent NH ')2 crosses the Dhanslri river at Rpwt:a, The proposed

bridge to be. conrtrurted at dovmst ream of ' ^ rt.a Sllbori will

reduce the lercth of Nai ional llinhvray by 10 Icme. The bridge

fnay cost around Rs.3.^0 crores . The M inistry o f Shipping &

Tr ins'ôrt has already decided to prepare f e a s i b i l i t y report

andtt.he Investiqations to be dnpf/ by Border Roads.

41. Brldne over riv-er J ia- Ph arali at dhovrkighat near

T( zT>ur. The p n sent approach from Tezpur to Bar-tern side

i . e . Nf.rlh LlKhimpur e t c . , is viti Ballpara . I f a bridge is

consi nictei at r:Viov)kiqhat o'^n;r river J i a Bharali the approach

w il l be directly to Mil S2 vi^^ J^-it*aquri reducing the distance

hy 27 km. 'rhie w ill not only bene,fit the; rôvde of north

bank of. Br'ihm iput r a b\it after the comr>let ion of the Bhomora-.

guri bti-:Jgfc tVie plôes on the souther bank w i l l also be bene

f i t e d . The c : i:>ect d cost w ill be around Rs, 12 crores . After

- 2:^3 -

the construction o f Buch a bridge tht- \[ationHl Highway c

can be realigned to pass through Te^pur.

WATEF WAYS

42 . Inland water Transport has a paramount impor

tance p erta in in g to the north eastern region due to its

physical ahi qeograi')hical co n d it io n s . River Brahmaputra

with its t r ib u t a r ie s like Disang , Burhi Dlhing traverses

through the region for about 720 km. In additio n , river

Barak and its tr ib u ta r ie s D h^lesw ari, Deo, Manu also can be

developed for inland water transpo rt . The NE rc-gion has

1 9 8 3 km of navigable waterways be m g the fourth largest in

In d ia after utter Pradrsh, West Btngal and Andhra Pradesh.

4 3 , Night navigational f a c i l i t i e s in the en tire

Br>3limaput r-n reach at a cost ot Rs. 40 lakhs may be provided.

The i m p r o v e m e n t in t h e tenninal and in frastructure f a c i l i

ties at Teznur, Neamati, D lbrugarh , Dhubri^ Karimganj nviy

be e ffe c t e d ,

Tiie Calrutta-Karimganj route should be extended#

upto S ilchar /B adarpur tay making the improvements by dredg

ing e t c . , making the route operational throughout the

year. The Cf.ntral Water Cornmipsion ha? completed the inv

estigations for Barak project and the rer-ort is under consl-

aeration , of the GovGrnment of In d ia . After the scheme is

completed the navigation in ih(' rdvc.i w i l l improve considera

b ly . The project may cost around Rs.950 crores and may take

7 fe a r s for completion. An immediate .1 nvestrfaciTit decision

w ill help the navigation on th is route.

4 5 . MeclianJcal cargo han d lin g f a c i l i t i e s at Karim-

g a n j , Dibrugarh ani other places may be provide'd.

46 . Acquisition of cargo vessels by Inland Water

Transport roi commeroi«3l cargo services on river Brahmaputra

at Rs.300.00 la k h s . Capacity of InUand Water Transport is

proposed to be increased by another 3600 MT by acquiring

12 Nos push barges , ? i"^sh tugs of 100 HP f i t t e d with kort

pn

- 2 3 4 -

• ^3! -

m i flank ing rei.itrs.

4 7 . /'iccm 1.s 11 i )n o f f o r ry v ef . reJ k by Tn 1 m i W it ( - 1

Trans]KHt at a rosl of Rs,?S0 ,n 0 U k h s * Hi.it of t h 1 s F.s, 1 40 .00

lakh£^ for inoic rnlslnq fprry servicnF ; ani Drorurinci 2 ’Nns

moirrn ferry versels of R<ai on Toll fy p e , for the use in

Bralimaputra. For tht use in Barak an.i nhalrnw'Hrl/Katakhal

11 Mob ferry vetjpils are recjuir«;.i,

48 . Procuremt-nt o f 20 float ina jett lf f at a ro^t of

Rs. 2 0 0 1 akhs for the us(r in Brahmarnjtr a .

49 . In or.if-r to remov* the i i f f i c u l t i e p ani l)OttJe«

necks nrar Dhuiiri area, thf- m- y have a f ibre glass

Burvey J avinch 'ôpting Rs, 15 l-ikhr; >in i some survey ecruirfnf^nt

1 ike Echo- Count e i , Sone r po s 11, Ion f iy in g e an 1 pnien t , 1.1.c. ,

costing Rs, 5 lakh s . If niay also be 'K-srthwhile to set. \ip a

smîll rjvt.r hy lrographic survey unit coetinci l s. 1 . 0 0 Itokh

per annum.

5 0 . \fter the conptruet ion of the prorose.i dam at

Pliaiiabi, the upstrfcam i;x^rtion o f Dhalc swari t\n:i Tut w ill

be n ivipal-lr. The Mizoram Government hap alxt a.iy receive-i

a f eas il'il ity report which recommen'3s the navigation with

Ko-Ro f a c i l i t i e s in wliich caf?e the loadei trucks w ill be put

on the vessels an:^ brou.aht upto Sairanq an1 Tut rind then taken

o f f from thf v essels to go for the lestin atio n s .

51 . Ferry crossing at Dhaleswari Tut bridge

s ites as the two e x is t in g bridges are l ik e ly to be submerqed

a fter the construction of Bhairabi dam.

52 . At T^resent there is only one centrally located

f lo a t in g vorkshop at Gauhati. Tt w ill be necespary to have

one; more \Aforkshop at Dibiucarh anJ one at Bilchar at a cost

o f Rs. 20 I'lkhs,

53 . , At Fâiidii the covere"^ warehorsinq cand back \.ip

f a c i l i t i e s are to be extended to CIWTC. S im ila r ly , river

sidfe POL loading point is also to be e s ta b lish e d .

54 . At Tezpur and Neamati, an ov>en space of 2 acres

with g a n g w - a y , pont0>on f a c i i i t i e B for oper.j.tJ.ng cargo

carry ing f l o t i l l a s are necessiiry, Ae long term require-

inent, nierhonical cargo han.ilinq f a c i l i t i e s w il l also have

to be created .

55* At Dibrugarh , 2 acres of open lan3 azI th firm

river bank, covere^'i warehouse of about 1 0 ,0 0 0 MT, loading

f a c i l i t i e s for POL products are necessary . As long term

p lan n in g , mechtinical cargo handling f a c i l i t i e s may be

planned .

56 , Karimq^inJ and Badarpur have to be provided with

concrete je tty head s , one 1 0 tonre capacity crane for load

in g /u n lo ad in g v^d additional covered s t o r a g e space.

a i r w a y s

5 7 , As already Indicated the north eastern region

has very poor surface f a c i l i t i e s of the transp o rtatio n . The

air tri!insTX)rt in this reaion i s , th e re fo re , very e s s e n t ia l .

The region has at present 10 c iv i l a irp o rts , out of which

6 are in Assam, one each in Manipur, T r ip ura , Meghalaya arid

Nagaland , Aninachal Pradf sh and Mizoram have no a ir f a c i l i

t ie s so fa r . C onsidering the above, the immediate progrcunme

f#5r the Seventh Pi-an are

1) Night landing f icilitif-p at Gauhati a irp o rt , so

6 s to reduce the canc( l la t io n o f f l ig h t in ease

of d' la y .

i i) Increase o f seats in the cniota o f Gauhati on IC

4 S 9 / 1C 490 between G.iuViati and Dell'll. The fllahi

should touch only BagdocTra between Gauhati and

I X l h i ,

i l l ) Running Boeing 73 7 instead o f Fokker Friendship

in Flight No. 2 j 1 /2 1 2 and F light No. 2 4 9 /2 S 0 .

iv) Construct ion/improvemtent of runways at Dimapur,

T e z p u i , L ila b a r i to f a c i l i t a t e the landina of

fV^eing 73 7.

v) Constiuction of nv w -airstrips at A izaw l , Itanagar

iNkjwqong, K ailsshar and Kliowai. I

- 236 -

vl) Tmprovement of p s. nuGr f c les, tr ^n^it

lounnos, t o ile t f icilitif^s, r. &t lur nt far 1 1 it 1 gp,,

e t c . , :it v a r io u s u i r i o i t s .

v i l ) The o r ig in a l 1 tea o f intro^urinrf tU- th ird ..irl in<

service was to trnrrovf the r cor inun irat .1 on

servicefi! in thf- b ickvr.ari P .E . Rrgion .ind th^

Vayndoot service wis ..iccordincly expcctod to con

nect areas In tht North EMett rn Rccion which

have not h itherto been connectf d by air cth i lue

to geographicc.il rfsdson cirp not e a s i l y acceprlble .

Tile M inistry of 7’ouriFrn and C iv il Aviation , too)<,

a 'leclsion in ]980 on ihe b asis of thf renort of

ihe Nationcil Trcinsport Policy Committee on Fhort

haul aJr ser>rices, to Introduce fer-.ier a ir ser

vices to as many as 1 1 locatjons in the North

Kastern Rer'inn, v i » . Rupsi In Assam, Shillong in

Meghalaya, Rimalpur anj Kailashar In Tr ip ura ,

Along, nano rijo , Ttanagai , Parighat , Tezu and

Ziro in -^runachal Pradesh -3r\. Aizawl in Mizoram,

(This df c is ion is contained in Tiomr M in is t r y 's

le t t e r Mo, 1302V '7 /79- A P date.i 7 . 1 0 . 8 0 ) . As

again,st t h is , V’'ayud vot services have ao far been

extendf>i only to S h il lo n g , Tezu and A izm v l .(T h e

s e n ice to Aizawl has also been suspenied) •

- 2:^7 -

Anneytirs

TOTAL R O .^S CC^^sT R U C T E D A '^ GPTTETRPGIQF

IN NORTH FASTFRN

S i . X Cut.egory No. \ _______

I Complet;ed upto I 3 /8 0 Kiiu

11980-81§ KM

1981-82KM

1(1962-83 I 1983-84 I 1984-85 1 ReiParks )[ KH I K-l I 3M 1

1. State- Righwcys

2 . i-ajcr D is tr ic t

Roads

3 . Other jjlstrr'ct Roads

4* V illaa e Roars

5 . Total roads

6 .’ id l la

Total

Surfacedsurfaced

Total

Surfaced

Unsurfaced

Total

Surf aced Unsurfared

Total

surfaced

Unsurfaced

Total

Surfacedsurfaced

Total

Surfaced Ifti surfaced

359329Q9

594

69502587

4363

195393068

16471

10661

1046

9615

40743

9700

31043

1604110

623402980708

36313058

573

7066

27014365

206273325

17302

114311219

10212

42755

1030332452

36333103

530

7108

280 7 4307

21672

372317949

12209 1509

10 700

44622

1113633486

36373132

505

713 7

2894 4243

217263955

17771

128151660

11155

45315

1164133674

36403180

460

7195

2997

4 1 ^

224344068

18366

134271795

11632

46696

120 40 34656

3643 3 266

377

7221 3 205

4016

23392

4355 1903 7

1488 9 1951

12938

49145

1277736368

N3

OD

Position as on 3 1 . 3 . 1 9 7 9 - Basic roads s t a t is t ic s o f India 1978-79 - Transport Research Ddvisicai,

The length o f road coimDleted has been cc^-niled frorn State Plan documents and is d if fe r e n t frojn Basic Road S t a t is t ic s -Published by M inistry o f Shi-nping and Transport presuming that the f ic u re s given by StlttsAJTs are c o r re c t .

A^-ixICIFAlnD f.Q.AP X 'KiGTl-, BYANNEXUF£ IT

o l * W o ,T StateTUT tT^tal lAve. length

tleng-th Jof roads in, |cf rcad*Kn IOC sq km

Lengtn of lAve.length ~*PGrcentage llen q th 7^'^ ♦

Surfaced |Surfac%a Isurfaced read i?urf aced roads* Remarksx ^ g O. in ^roaci in K.t& '^^ncth t© iakh of ^

rper iOGaqkmj ' t ^ ta l ‘t icm rper iOG aqkm - t^+al pop----------- ^*- r^______i _________________d 'len

*-opi:la^ion in J

!,► Arurachal Prades'i 3 2 3 0

26761

_ _ - ____ __ _

^.ssarn

3 « Mp n 1 our

4* Meoh?il0ya

5* M izo r 3 *n

6 # '^^galand

7 . Trlpur3

413C

5860

1360

52f

359^

3 .8 6

3 4 .0 9

1 8 .4 7

2 6 .0 9

6 . 4 d

3 7 .09

5 3 .4 1

2.0, o68 * Tot- l rJE R.egion 53,2l£

9 .. -\1 i Ind 13 (po s itkr.. : -s on 31 .3 .79) lo ,84,110 48.7^

32C

6759

2345

23C5

533

loC'l

2631

16414

623402

0 . 0 7

8 .6 0

10.5)7

1 0 ,2 5

0 , 2 5

9 .0 C

2 5 . 1 0 ,

6 . 5 5 "

1 8 .9 ^ ^

9 .9 1 4 5 . 7 1 ■ Total length shown

ir*cludes r i

2 5 .2 5 3 0 . 5S The Xencth of the

road k i 's t e t e s taicen

5 7 .2 6 1 4 7 .6 1 from State Plan 193-4^

3-'^ .27 1 6 4 ,o4

3 ^ .1 9 1 3 3 .2 5 As tarrete- an \

31st Ma.rch*S5 -*Ca >

2 3 .9 6 1 8 7 .6 3

4 7 . Cl 1 1 4 .3 9 w

3 0 . BC A ll Iririf on ^

3 1 . 3 . 7 9

3 6 . do■

documents and is dif-f^eren^ from

Kc-i Jr't?tistics published by Mini^trv cf 3tiipnir.Q fc Transport presturiinc that the- figures given

by ^tetes/UTs axe coirect.

- 2 . ^ 0 - ANMEXURl! I l l

N. iOPt JR/BOMB AY RO. J:) PL/-\Isf

The o b jective of IT igpur PI in wt* cb is I'ollows :

(d) In a Viighly develuped i g r i c u l U r a i arc i, no v i l l iy e

should be more thcin 2 m iles frnm “ a road" nor more than

5 miifcs from "m ainroad” the average dist.ince from a main

road being generally less than 2 m iles in most cases .

(b) In a non-agricultural irea, no vi, llage should be more

than 5 m iles from "a road" nor more than 20 m iles f m m a

“main toad", the average 'iistance fr<am a main road being 6

or 7 m iles in most cases .

In ichieving the above m entioned ob jectives , the

Nagpur Plan adopted the "two G r id U Star*' formula for

determ ining the mileages of the main roads, and the other

roads resp ectiv ely . Under tliis Nagpur Plan the roads were

for the f i r s t time, c l a s s i f i e d as N ational Highways, State

Highways, H a jo r D i s t r i c t Roads, Other D i s t r i c t Roads and

V i l l a g a Mf)ada# The f i r s t three c lasse s ( i . e . NH, 3H and

were termed as the "m ain roads" and the other

i . e . , ODRs and VRs as "O th er ro ids" . W h ile working 'Ait

the targets of t )t:il m ileage of ro id lengths fo r the tw*")

Categ )ries# the are is und*^r the then "p r in c e ly States

were not taken into consider tti'-n. The fonnulas were

a p p l i e d to the are.is a n d pjpul.iti- ri of the then "British-

I n d i a " . HS fo r the P rin cely St ites, an ad-h';c provision

of 3 0 ^ 0 0 0 m iles f ^r main ro.idr and 4 '),nno m iles fo r other

roads Was made. The Nagpur Pl m en-'-iSciged p lanned deve-

lopnient of a ll types of roads in such a manner as to

increase the road mJ,leage of main rc ids from 8 8 / 0 0 0

m iles to 1 ,2 3 ,0 0 0 mi.Xes and nf ot)ir r rK id s frr^m 1 , 3 2 ,0 0 0

m iles to 2 , 0 8 , 0 0 0 m iles (post P a r t i t i m I n d i a ) . Th is

g jve a target of 26 m iles of ro ids p er jOO sq-uare milos

of area .

1 ^ 1

19(1-82 - id Duvejopmtoiit.

Bfrm a fte r iiiiicjpendence,p tht x'o.dd

devtslopm^nt in the Gauntry was e nhaiiv;t.a wix^n tJia

result that the targets of road iiiiyleag^ l ild doim iii

the Nagpur Piari were w ith in sight by 194B„ I t w.^b

tiX|;x.Gted that by the c;nd of vSiiC'ini Five Year P lan loO*

by 1961# the length of tho main -.o ids would he 1 , 4 4 . 0 0 0

iiuies and that of t he ; ther r-iads 2^35^000 rriles, thus

<3XCtieîl.ng the Larrjets c-f th e Nogpur; Plin<, A'lthouaii the

Progress of ro la devel< ifx nent was considcDtid q uite

satiB factory from the point of view ,jf ndleage 1 argetB

o f t h e Nagpur Plan# there wero seriour. (êficiericit^s in

respecJt of r-. ad surf ace t-;,. cross drainage works^ bridgea^

etr;. The s-;aond attempt f.^r prep.iring the ojoud devel

opment plan an an All Indi a 'b a » i a w is starîed in ]9?i8

and the l9f^l-81 R* -id Developirient P lan popul irly known

'^8 Bomt>ay Plan V aa fc rmul vted taking intv. c m s id e ta t i on

the poBition of r o a d dovelov^ment then/ irc3uding tl;e

d e f ic ie n c ie s in the ro id system, a^nsic^3ring thv:

lim ited f in a n c ia l resourc^^s of the co\intry,- the over-

□ Vl obiec^tive of the 1961-8 1 Road Dovelopment P la i w is

to ra ise the. d e n s ity of the road mile ige trnm 2 b to 52

m iles per 100 square m iles of t he aroa« Th is targec was

set tak in g into account the level c f expect:ed develoyv.

ment, and the need o f the rural a.s V7ell as the urban

a reas . The requirem ent of connectang i Im inistrative

h-adquarters, in d u s tr ia l and commercial centres was

also given due consideration apari. from the strateg ic

needs of the country* Tho m o dified g r id ind star

formulae were proposed f >r d ifferr .nt c lasses nt roads.

The general dj m ,ribution of irea then p re v a ilin g was

6 0 ,5 square m iles of iq ricultu ral area 2 0 o5 8q» m iles

of under—dfciveloj>ed. area .per 100 sq« mileSp For o b ta in

in g the overall rjad m ileage o f 5 2 m iles per 100 sq.

- X

miles .nd with tlB .iistribution aB,^ned, the

objective in regard to tha .iistanaes of m y plaoe fi->m

a metalled toad and from my road w«re kept :is under «

------------ {MajSmunTdlstancaTmlleslj per

lof m v --- -— I 1 0 0 sq raJles

' iFrom a i Fr<.m any } of area

_____J.road«________ I--- -------- ---------

Developed and 4 1.5agricultural

drea

Seml-developed 9 3 .0 30

area

1 2 5 .0uncultlvable area _________________________________________

The GUggestHid formulae gave the fo llow in g

mileages for daveloped and .igri<^.ltur^a areaa .

Main roade - 27 rrdies

Other r^)ads - ^3 mil^^s

Total I 70 miles per 100 sq. ndlesa r< as.

The 19^1-81 Plan also laid down certain

etanciardB and spoolfications about the p.ad system

to be developed.

2 - 4 ..j;)

.\NNEXURE - n

Suniifiari rl Re;c nunenaati )ns of the VVi.irklny

Group Slit up by Rail- ay Kuf iri.vs Coum\itt(*e i

ri W iikincj G r m p b id also bejn set up by

Railway Ref tms C jmmlttee t i lo "k in t > Cxreati >n of

t ranspoirtation net work in tht; rt^gl(.in, Sunimairy of rrivijijr

c n s tr a in ts of operation anU f in a in js .ire givt n b«low .

According to NE Railways sofnt of the m ijo r

G '.nstraints of operati-:)n irci a£< f jIIowg i

(i ) Only 3') to 5 3 percent, of in c minij st<ick i s

returuv-d loaUtad,

( i i ) T r a l l ic c ;ming f r mi and over the east:ern

railway ha;i tv.» undergo tranahipnent. in m eter

yaage,

( i i i ) Vfhil .. the movement of t r a f f ic tri NF Railw ay

i s gen erally unr^stricteti lo-uiin^j NF

R iilw ay i s c njîaerably restricted e s p e c ia lly

o f fo rest produce due t ;> lim it itions at the

r .;ceivin .j end,

(iv ) There arv 10 unedonomic branch-line on the

NF Railway in the NE Region r;-;suiting in larcje

lo sses .

(v) Mov ..lavv nt of high rated t r a f f ic of Jute and Tea

is ferred by road by the consignees to avoid

detention and aamagt^ at Transhipm ent p oints

and the lim itar.ions at receivin j end by r a i l .

( vi) There are also prorl =ms of synchD'lnising

movement of mitchii.g stock at fr')m shipment

p o ints . T h is h is bvBen aggravat '^6 w ith tVie

TJTilk movement of goods in ijumbo P/i) and A tlas

(mc) rakes . The d-innity of }x;pul it-.:! on in

dj.fferent areas does not generate d'=«vv»nd in

alii loads n jr are tVif ' t'em inîla desigu^îd t:>

de il w ith lieavy in f l u x of wigons e ith e r fov

' in lo ad in g .

(v i i ) The average speed o f gocds-tr-i j ns lov/^

For various re<j.8 ons each is non a v a i l a b i l it y

of adequate funds, there are ..iL'eas in the

m aintenanae of pennanent v/a- re su ltin g in

numerous speed r e s tr in t io n s . The programme of

track-renewal i s also stated to be in arrears.

(v ii i ) In a d d itio n to r e s tr ic t io n s mostly d\ie: to

natural weatVier Oj n d it io n s such as flGO)ds,

smooth tr a in running have been disrupted

for the la st couple o f years by anti-OofS.â^

e] ements who have' in te r fe re d w ith tj- iek:

fj-ttings. The continued ag itatio n in the

region has led to deter io ratio n in m orale

of thu staff and in general performance of

the Railw ay .

Keeping in view d a ily train s required to be

run present lin e c ipacity and i t s u t i l is a t io n , works in

progress ind their impact of L ine c .ip icity and v/orks

pr^^posed in Seventh Plan perJ,o<t ^md th e ir imp ict on total

railw ay system/ the; Working Grr;)up h is made a d d it io n il

recomtnendationfe to ,nikc system capable to h in d le m ti-

c ip ated t r a f f i c . These recommendations include the

developmv^nt of c r i t ic a l sections keeping in vi uw the

l in e capacity xequired , anticipated "lapacity on comp

le t io n of works ind additao n il measures ne^êssary lik e

capacity of Bridg^^s over Dral-inâptr i, d e v lo p m e n t of

t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s / dcvelopnent ol goous /ar 'ls ind

t r a n s h i p m e n t p o ints open lin e m aintenance f ic i I .ItiuS/

v/oJ^kshop f a c i l i t ie s , allotment of ro llin g stfxuk,. ownu-

n ic ition channels* The Working Group has i\,sp r\,aomm-

ended that steps should be taken to Ci -ill .line

e ip a c ity works in progress urgently , v?('j;ks proposal by

NF Railway sh m id be oanctionedo The ?iT.'V' ;y fo r BG Idn>;

from L^nka to S ilch ar should be comix'^ted as per target

and cj>n struct ion work st ixte d (jarly ind G luhati may

link , d to N«3W Bong iiijaon vi i Joglgôpa, The V o eking

- ’-1 s

Qx'>^P also r .H 'unond^d th it mi^vjinant: of . foods miy ha

ratif-nali SLid by w ly of d ^vQlojwint ot w itcjjw ly.'ii/ i ill

rnovtm-.nt throuqli Idngl idvjsh ind sti'Gaa t h it in cmttixt

of incruasJng rciquirt.:mtmt:s -)f ruglon isJimciua c ipablii

of roceiving block r.ick by r iil and distributing it

ov^r tho r cgi jn by sue ;ndary mod .s of tr.inspirt: rri iy ba

fornK.'d* Thusii lyencles G in be in tb i fr)nn (jf aojqior.ittons

under the NEC or Co-oper itiv^j F,-doritions otc. workin<j

under the St ito G o v ts ,/ Union Territ )rivjs, Th^s fonnil

would b ‘- prt^'fucablo- in ttio intoi o s t (hf n'>-oj din itud

mjvomcnt,

K ■- ping in vit iw phybic il j.bGv.inn' v>f railw xya in

many part of tho NE Ragion, the W(;rkJng Grrnip his

rocommcinded that to b-^gin with out igon«ius miy ustib-

lishv_r:d in a il St ita Capit als/U Ts which iro not lin>?^d

by r a il . For th is purpose the syj ttJin c in bt3 introdanod

in thv. following 20 places :

!• Shill mg

2 , Nonystoin

3* Jowai

4 . Tura

5 . ^ g a r t ila

6. Ambasa

7• Udaipur

b ; K o h i m a 1 4 , I t i n a jir

9 . M o k o k c h u n ^ 1 5 , - B o m d i l l i

1 0 . Imphil

1 1 . CTiuri-

Chendrapur

1 2 , Aizawl

13, Iiungloi

1 ft, Z^^ro

17, T q z u

\ B m P a s i g h it

19. ra-^m

In each thvi-st. pi .ces, th^ r>utag'-nt should h^. in a

pi:)siti'jn to b j >k p issunger t r a f f ic md o ffe r i nnrtain

number o f reservations for 1 mg distance tr i f f i c . a s

regards the goods t r a f f ic bo^^king t/i and firr'>m these

outagencies w ill be on the b a s is o f t e l c a t e s

IS ap p licab le on th .- I'ailways, T h is miy inv.'Iv^: a

subsidy amounting to Rs, 2 9 ,9 5 crores per innuin -which

sh'-)ul d be bri,m by the Government,

RQOommendation of the Working Group on Development of Inland Water Transport

^or thq 7th five Teay Plan

Planning OtbfriraiBsion has set up a Working Group

•n Bcjvelopment of Inland Water Transport for the Sev< ^nth

Plve Yuar Plan w^ith Secretary^ Ministry of Shipping and

Transport as Ohairmana Ihe Working Group keeping in view

(a) promotion of effioienoy in the use of resouroes and

(b) conservation of effioienoy in energy used particularly

of POL has made following reooiniiiendations for development

of IWT in the Seventh Five Year Plan •

( i ) The development of IWT should form partof the overall transport plan of the country alongwiih other modes such as railways| roads, airwaysj coastal shipping, pipelines, etc#Each mode should be developed considering the suitability and potentialities of each, keeping in view, the least resouroe cost principle,

( i i ) In view of the emerging energy situation IWT should be developed on priority basis. Emphasis should be plaoed on creation of infrastruotiiral Caoilltiee including oonservancy measures, terminals, fleet capacity, eto.

( i i i ) In view of the high unemployment situation in India, IWT development could be used suocessfLilly as an instrument for creating high employment-j30tential, especially among the weaker sectiorrof the society*

(iv ) The proposed Inland Waterways Authority/ of India should bo set up as early as possible

to attend the works relaled to proviaiow of infrastruotuj?al facilities , maintenance and management of the Natiom l Waterways.

(v) The OentraJ Government was giving 100^ of the sanctioned cost, as loan assistance to State Governments for viable schemes for development of IWI’ upto 197B-79* After the decision of the National DeV"elopment Oounoil, the loan assistance has been restricted to 50^ from 1979-80, Now, it is proposed 75% loan ascjistanoe to give the necessary tliruet for IWT development.

- 2 4 fimSXURE Y M

-2^7-

(vi) Wliile apprfilsiiig IWT pro,judba, due ooiisi- durntlon ahoiild be ^\\ren for othb>r aooi;,xl bLniufits.

(v.li) Hydrographio sui’vuys and teohno-oooiioinioGtudies eho ild be undertaken by the Ooiitral Grovorruiient on all thu important waterways,

(v iii ) The Stato Dlreotorato of fndustrles, Oentral Induatrlug licensing authority and financial institutions may be raqnuatod to o ^ Io r u the pOBBibility of locating now indiiatries ne^u' the v^^ator front where IV/T exieto through suitable regulations, JDfforta should also be made to locate industries like ferti].iaers, paper, oement, steel thermal power stations, etc. with suitable anti—pollution devices*

(ix ) The Working Group felt that there should be unified agency in each State where there is potential for development of IWT in the form of a Oorpn. or an imderttilting to deveJop, maintain and manage the IWT inthat Static, Such Corporations or tTndertakings oan ilBO take care of collecting /.ind publishing' ti'affic data. It haa been observed that the abeenco of such Oorporatlonei or ITndert'UcingB has inhibited development of I TT in a unified and syetematio manner.

(x) Hydel power stations create the possibility of establishing industr-les near the water front. The Ministry of Irrigation and Ministry of Energy may be requested tosot up as many hydel power stations as possible near the locks and barrages,

(xi) The possibility of inclusion of the cost of maintenance of waterway with hydel power stations being borne by the power tarrif as done in ccuntries 1 ike France, IT,K, , Netherlands, etc, may be examined by the concerned authorities,

(xJ,i) A. pilot project to run river stiin.rioes on sti&etches like Hald ia-Patna on the Ganga- Hooghly river system may be implemented to demonstrate the v iability of inland water transport to the potential users.

(x i i i ) Neoeesaa;^ steps should be taken tostrengthen the data base in IWT soction by tailing up suitable studies at regular

intervals.

(xiv ) Financial incentives may be provi(*.ed for setting up suoh industries on wat >r front by deolarlng water front aa baokwar(3

t\reas,

(xv) Working Group also feels that IVJT should be declared ds an industry for puri^ose of attracting bank loans £\nd other loans from financial institutions on self terms,

(xvi) For all futui^e irrigation projects, the navigational aspects have to be kept in view at the time of project formulation,.

STAft;MF^' |■ .‘510WBJG l.FNGTl i OF N.Vl' tOM \I M HIHIVmY vyjTH illfl!, '.i iVu.r-

. - 1 4 1 9 —

T i v v r W i

N o J— _J

m No. l l e n q t b I in km

.4--. .

|!> t a r h i n n U t \ 1 1 o n ! ] ;

T f . rmi n a l s + a t l o n

1 . ^ 1 1 8 7/

B j a h r i ( i n 3enq 1 ) G a u h a t i ( l e n q t l . in Asc ar,: 1 8 7 Tote 1 M 1 0 0 0 )

? . 3 1 B 1 9 MortH SalraaTa Joc, ich(jp.T

3 . 3 1 0 2 3 5 Me^j Gnl q a l u r i J u n c t i o n w i t h NH 3 1 ( n - a r f U j n l )

4 . ■ 6 1 7 0 Mowqonq1

fi ima p\ ir

5 . 3 7 6B0 Pa nc h a i a trla (n t n7 <ioa J pa r a )

Sci ikhow- q h a t

6 . 38 54 f'4a kum l,e khr^pani

7 . 3 9 436 Numa l l q a r h Burma Bordc?r (n<-ar f lohoh)

8 . 40 1 6 1 J o r a b a t iJawk i ( Bar 1 g I at losh h o r d e,r)

9 . 44 S M I lonq A g a r tn In

1 0 . S I 1 4 0 P a i k a n ( o n NH 3 7 ) I>n l u

I I , )2 8 ‘X) B a l h a t a C h a r a l i J u n c 1 1 on w 1 t h NH 3 7 ( nea r Sa Ikl iowagha t )

1 2 . 5 2 A 2 5 Ba ndi^rdewi (on NH 'T. ) 1 1 an. qa r

1 3 .

1 4 .

b3

54

3 2 0

2^0

N e a i B a d a r p u r (on m 44)S i Ichar

N e a r Impha 1 ( on Nli 39)

l u i i q l f 1

T o t a l i 4062

POSITIOii o r N A T i a Al- H.TGUVfgY IM ME RFX'. 'iNM-iKlFX; V lf

^ 1 . o f ”" S t a H';7 l 'T "iLenc tT ot l-Ai ea I n l l e n q t h f o n u l a - ' l e n g t h oTM(?>, t'H' in km flOOCi s q f o f in por J ^c

Dopjula t b ni n km flOOCi s q J o f in

km 5per 1.0Oi lakhr, a q j k m f(o.l cph-

1 f T 1 jr.US cxce-

--f ! T

.jpi ...

1 . Arenacha1/

Assam,

Piadesh 330 8 3 .5 3 .94 6 .2 8 52 .55

n i.., 2278 7B.5 29 .02 199 .03 L I .44

3. Ha nipur 431 2 2 .4 19 .24 14 .34 30 .05

4 . Moc.b a 1 . ya 472 2 2 .5 2 0 .9 0 13 .28 35 .54

Mizoram 240 2 i . l 11 .37 4.RH 49.10

V *

Na6a 1 .nd 111 |6 .5 6 .8 5 7 .73 14 .62

T r i p u r a ' ' ' ' 200 10 .5 9 .0 5 2 0 . fO 9. 7 1

T o t a l f o r NE R e g i o n 4062 2 5 5 . 1 1 5 . 9 2 2 6 6 . 1 4 1 5 . 2 0

9. /vll In i l a 3 1 , 3 5 0 3 2 8 7 . 6 9 . 5 3 6 8 3 8 . 1 4 . 5 9

- ^-50-a n n e x u r e v x i r

LIPT OP K)/J>3 TO BE DF^LAtiFD A3 MATiaiAL HJjSfMvS 1 1 l f* FB3Xaj

!?r. IStatP.^lT i t passf^s No. I

ItI

Approx .length

with Statev/ise

broadway

jApprox

jcost to develop MH Stan [da rd

Prio

r ity Kemarks

1* Ex'pension o£ InIM 3(^fis.in Assam 30Lekhapanl to Joyrarnpur Arunachal 70

100200

2 . Allgnmont bpyond Monup Assam 13

to Lakhapnnl via HlauRa-Arunachal 90

Zedoa-Sonvip-Khonsa- Pradesh 20

Deomall Nagaland 16

240

560

80

3 , Haflong-Lalke-Kohima Assam 75Nagaland 152

1, Kohima-JoRsami-Tuensang Assam

I'lon-Sonari-Moranhat 0 4 37)NagalandMan 1pur

3 2 ^

197

160

130

900200

750

320

2300 100

204116

50

7B42

14

1970

1632

92b

500

5 . l.aphal-Ukhru 1-J^saml rd.Manipur

6 . Doba ka (NH36) Lumding AssamHaf long-S llcharI .unq le i-tft isa ng Mizoram

7. p;^ssi(^^H44)-Shangpung AssamPa llang-Garnmf>anl /Meghalaya

8 . Sh illong (NM40) -/'4a liang Assamf'J o n g s t o i n - Ma ws h yn ru t rongjPng-Damra-Krishnai Meghalaya 175 1750

on NH 37

780420

140

9 . Byphas'^ at Dima pur with Nagaland 1 ' nrith over river D h a n s ir l

15 150

16,F^rih)e across D hansiri v^ssam

at s iJb o r i at Orang~DaIgaon

j'o a d *L 7 J* urka t ing (MH39) T Itn har

Ma r la n i -Ancjur i -Sa ma luc ur i.

10 . Son A r i B i ma} pu r~J oyrampur Dlgbol{NH3B)

250

200

3590

say ;3600

400

3750

J600

I I Proposed by

I I 15 yeas master

I I I plan .

IV

I I II II I

I

I

I I

IIII

II

II

I

I I II I I

I I

II

XI

-do-

330 2640 I I I

I I I

I I I

I I I

I I

10 , Impha 1-Bishan pur-Chura - /lan ipur

chan(]pur-T ipa imukh-Kfpran- Seiling Mizoram 110 1100

11 . Ambas !=:a (tlM4) Phuldiings i Mizoram 107 1070

'Tul pa i b a r i “Alzawl Tripura 130 1040

12 ,Agartala-Udainur-Bogaf Tripura 130 1300

Sabrum13 .ronojenci-Uarugiri-AbPfn- Meahalaya 108 1080 I I I

g*lri-Tura (Tri aJ ofShiJ lono-Krlshna i( proposed NM)

1 4 ,Bypass of Shillong Meghalaya 15 150 I I

J owa i1 5 . Bridge across Brahmaputra Assam 23

n ear S 1 J gha t 8. appj'oa all rd.

-do-

-do-

-»do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

I I I Bridge taken

undei NFC to b^ declared as NH

- New proposal

-do-

1 -do-(T r a ff ic more ti

300 v ihic .U per day pl^

on this road

310crore s

km

Z S ’ h

Korth Eci3 t:'Tn region i.; fjtrit ,, La 1 1 1', im;. ■ .rt.-iiit. is it i i

borderliv) ("iu.na on jiv)rl,h, rUniui -n -t a-ist iu-v :i on wviot.

th ‘ tev r.il’i 1,:■■. h i 1 1 7 and • mount^neoui- t.xc i t /i3 ;.j.a v Uiy , fuu

aominuuic.itloii facllitio ii in thi .3 not at par wib.i ^le

rest )f th(- country . R ipid t.xi,-ancU on of th .‘ rk'tvôrK tiit;

comniuiiicîtion is liighl,' i nti il for tlm. fu if i Ihk nt of dove-^

ioprnent p i uis, growth of caruatnco and Indu' ti,- and to <u:hiuf^t^

ini f j i ation* It io rupeat-eily poiatud. out by tiie ru~

p r(‘3ontc,tlvtiri of S tat is/lJT:^ at vâclous Ciouncîl mooti n js -ionut

the in fuac:y of the p»or: tal aiid t-.fjle-corrifnunlc =it ion s ’/.-.tAin, I'he

t-f t Ic io n t and Impr oved posta l, and t* It^commnn Icat ion so- v icet4

would hav a V( r*v wnoLe.somt: ffw ct on the Public mind and remove

thti qenar.il saniii. ôf is o la t io n in tut Rî/ion j,rs>ifi tile rest

of the country ,

Postîl a a rvicea ,

2 . Nortli Ra‘-!tern l-ostiJ C irc le eater.i to t.h<;i f30stal rHcniirf>-

m«ints of five 3 t a t e j and two Union Territor.ies in t h e reg io n . It

covers an area o.i a^>'roxirnate ly 2 ,5 S ,0 3 7 square kilometer?;. The

Giro Is iv5 headed by a Poatniaster (4ener-il and an A dditio n al

Pn.^tina tar (4Guoral. W>* havf a Regional D irecto r o f PoJ-tal S e r v i

ce iS for Assam vSt.-ite with his f-f.;-^^fTuarters at (jauhati*, w hile the

Sl ates o£ Megiialîy 1 # T rip ura , Wa.)aland, Maniput and li'nion T e r r i

to r ie s of .^^ruuacriaL '^radesh and Hizoram have one D irecto r of

POotf.l 3>jr'/ic;;'j cocg in the .re.spective c a p ita ls of tJ\e S t a t e s /

T)ai)n T e r r ito r ie s *

3 . There ire at pi'''ênt 2 4 Head P'>3t O ff ic e s , 86 J Depart.men-

tal 3uO Post, t )fficus , l'')B Wxtia Depar tiuentril Sub Post O ff ic e r

and 4709 Kxtra Depariimental branch Post OflfiCi-s in the C ir c l e .

These* are dJstrlb uced in Lo borital Dj v is io n s thro ugh exit the

C i r j l e . The erf ice tc3 popiiiation /area i“Btio in ti ie G irc ie

by tne end o£ S ixtn Plan w ilt De .-la per Annexîr I . The C irc le

at tirj end of the o i ’.ctii p .L3u w'>rKs out to 4 5 sq . km »

ar -a anfi 47 00 Tjopuiation e-ir post ort L ’ie. Tliere are^ tKiêidf'C. two

P a i l /a y Mail Si.'r'/i'ie Ii i /is io n a at Gauhati arid i:*ilchar, and a

C ir c le Stamp T> p o t at Gauhati and oilcliiar, înd a C ir c le Stamp

Depot, at .-auhati air two Postal Stores Depots at Gauhati and

Si.ln.har. Th .■ R.')tnrnei L-d.tv^r O f f ic e fo r tJie C ir c le is located

C H A P TER IV, -ft

C 0H-4U N

at Shillong, while thuro is a nrijor departmontal Mail M')tor |

Service uni t at Gauhati, J

iIt has been found that a Post Uflice serves, on |

lifan arcrage, an area of 7 Sq. KM in Assam and 355 Sq, KM in /U-ima|

chal Pradesh, In respect of population, it would be found that I

a post ofice on an average would serve 1500 loimlation jn |

Tribal area of Manipur and high.^st of 7500 population In J

normal rural areas of Assam. Thu variati as revealed in mainly j

because of the sparse population in hilly areas and thick popu- j

lation in normal ruiâl area. Thu density of population as ptir

1981 census is lowest in .irunachal Pradesh l)eing only 7 and the

highest in Assam being 253 (Projected)*

5 . The State of communications being relativuly underdevelop

in vast areas of the .regioHj, the expansion of postal facilities/

sei'vices has been found to be s o m e w h a t inadequate despite stoady

progress made duiîng the last few years as shown in Annexvuê 2,

The comi)aratively lower level of economic activity in the rt^gion

often makes It dlfficvilt to nchleYe even the apeclriHy-relaxed

norms and standards evolved for the exi)anslon of jjostal servlc^^s

in backward, hilly and tribal are- s of the country. This is a ]|

pointer to the need for greater relaxation of standards specially;

for this region, regardless of their a[)plicability tj othur

backward/trj bal/hilly tracts el’sewhere in tlie country.

To le 00 mniuni c a 11 o ns

The persistant demand by the States/l/T;^ ire to ai)rovidc

STD and Trunk Telephone ].inks between the St' .te capital and

disti’ict headquarters fr:)r the Vjotter maintenance )f law and

other problems; normal day to day public services. The H')ndble

Mlnisti.r of Communi cation in the Sixth Five Year Plan for

Telecoramunlcations '80-'85 has stressed the need to provide

the telecomniunication sor-vlce Into the intorior particularly

hilly, backwaj-d, tribal, rural anci remoto areas. There is at

prestmt one Trunk Auto Exchange (T/iEi) ai: Slillliong* Tlie Stat43

Gapitals of Assam (Gauhati), Mizoram (Alzawl), Nagaland (Kohima),

Arunachal Pi'adesh (itanagar) are cann cted tu Shillong (TAX)

- 252 -

(|Aruna- Kssamihal i

1zzz zzzzfr'radesh 1 j

1. Total auto 21

^

131exchanges

2, Total M^mual 1 28

and hence hnvo the ncoeas t ) th .} n t i >n U n ‘.. bv )rk whi lu ih :■

)thor caidt'^1. A '^r.. v* t to C '?nn o t , Tht3

pres .n 1 teloc'nnmunicatl <>n fr^clllM>?a 3t'^t-wifô I s 'R r

T

- 253 -

ur jlnyn l-’itn j[

\ , I — — - I ..

16

1exchanges

3. Total equtp;.Gd 177*3 rt114 2745oa[)acity of ejxch'*ngGS,

A . Tot3l- working: 1?68 ^69^(^connt .'ctl oris

3 . Total waiting 74 15'>4 1B?list

e>. Total long 1? 270 36distance i-ubllc call o.fflcG (P .C .O )

7. Manu-1 Tnmk 2 31 1exch 'Hgo (as -n 31~3-r,3V-

18 7 24 20

1 1 3

527 ? 121U 3‘">10 3920

4383 05 ^ 2824 5006

630 222 442 260

“31 9 21 4' )

4 1 3

3oUivCiS : Dii0 11.. 1 f T . 1 ■ *c~)mmian 1 ca11 ms,

7* Th: f 'jllowin^ strategies c 'noerning development of communl-

catl jn services in north eaotern rrgi'tn are as such suggested

(a) Cr ati Ui >f Postal Divisions at District H.r-id(|uarters :-

As a mattei’ of policy, the ■ re' ~<f }'')stal dlvisi )ii is general'ly

made- e.o--termln'jis with the jurisdiction of a revenvi- d istrict* Many

distri cb hca.lquartera In the Circle are, however, without a postal

d iv is io n .

It Is pro,îs.'d th'it separate ôstal divi sions be created at

th.. f )ll.jwlnii i1 strict hi.âdquartorB i-

M1 ?or'm -* Jjinglei

Trix)ur ' ~ Hadhaklshrepur4

h ‘'.nlpur - Chur ach and pur and IJkhrul.

M^.ghalaya - Tira and Jowal

No .aland - H^kokchung

As Bar.....................‘ lilfihu and dlorth Lakh irnpur.

- Z 5 ^ -

(b) t 'pgradatLon of posts of I n a p e c t o n of Post O f f i c a y to

.issistarit iiupi'ri.utandenta c f ':>o3t. ■- Some J J a t r i n t huad-

quar-îrs i n the r e y io n do n )v at present- liive .Jven an iassistant

auperinteiident of Por.t Offict-R. I t 1.3 rit;cuas.iry t a a t the Inspuc-

tors of Po st O f f i c e s w h o are at ] rijsent lo c a t ta at the foxlow].n'j

p l a c e s be u p g ia d ed to .iSSLStaat ,..upuriiitL,iiclwat3 of Post Off.ictia

for oett !r aciininist.rat.ion :

Manlpar "" KiiigpohC] i . . ..cunachal Pradesh ~ Kiionsa and Boiac)ii.a

M i z o r am ■** C a i ni t u 11-' u iMtighalaya - W Lillrnuiagar

(a) c reatio n of posts of inspectors ot Post O fflo e s r- . ,

The follow ing d is t r ic t headquarters are at present even without

an Itispectoi: of Poj t- O ff ic e s *

.Vrunachai Pradesh - East ivamemjUpper Subaiisiri (liaporijo)

West Sâiiq (..long)East S iang (Pa.boiuhat)

Debong V alloy (iUiini)

Lohit (Tozu)

Towaag (Towr^ng)Ch a n g .] - m g ( c:Jh ai i g i o iig)

Nagaland ■ Tuensurig (Tu..n:;ung)Ptiek (Phek)WokJ'iaC t/okha)Zunt 1 0 ilota ( Zi]ixliebota)

Mon (Mon)

M anJnur _ M anipur West (Taiiibony)

Manipua, iNjOi Lji U'-aixang;

Tengnopal <'Chandel)

MeahalaYa - West. Khasi Hlll,'^ (Nongs+.r-in)

I t Is n e c e s s a r y tiiat a t l e a s t an InS!>eotor nf P o st Ot trices

be s a n c t io n e d at each o f thu above D i s t r i c t He .idquarturs in

jrelaxatl(}n ol e x istin g nnnna*.

(d) U p g r a d a t lo n ot; D e p artm ental Sub Post Offict.s in t n Mtad

post O ffic e s 1 - A t p je se n t t h e r e ai'e 24 Head Post 0tlL .i3S in the

(M r c le . This is grossly inadeciuate oonsiderJ.ng the number .f 3ub

Pr.st. O ffic e s which are placed in a.^ôunt with many of tUese Heart

ifflc .is , not. to mention the r e o u ir in y d i f f i c u l t i e s Ln iinanc.i.ng a

and arc«»unt 1.11'/ clue coi'ninunlc.itton and a ll ie d i3ottlL;n.iGkii•

It Is , ttiurt f^Tt / ptc^posed that tho f*.).! l(,)win j d>>p irtiru.iit-i.l

Sub Post 0fi:ic0i3 l>j upqrafôd Huad Oiiiricus by r'îlaxing

U'le o x istinq ac.irrns aud 3t.indcirx;i3, i f XKjci~-s3ary t-

I.(UI iq ] (M i z o r cini)Go 1 a jh a t ( ii3S at a)G oalp ira (asrârn)Mo k ok chum;/ or 1^1^113 anq (Naqaland)Diitiapur (Nagal/ind)

Ghu r ichfindpui (Man 1 pur)

(e) Upgradation of Extra Departnujntal Sub Post

O fflc o a into DiipartmGnt al 3ub Post Oftiijas t T h t i r e ari?

number :>f lilxtr i Di.;XD irtfiientaJ Hub Post Oi’fioes v/hich naud>

to be oonvt rted into D.«;partirieiital Bub Post O fflcoa Cor

bett&ir fin anc ial and postal control and bettc-r adinlnistration,

Tha Qxi.'iting norms in this regard arx- d iff ic u lt ; to achieve

in most c^sea in th is C ir c lo . /i l a laxati ng upto 20% is needed

with reqaii^ i:.o o ich of tliu par.aincjtt.rs pxescribt'd in tlii*^

TQ(âcd*\

(f) lipqradation of Extra Dapa^'tmental 0ra»ch Post

Officcsg i.iito\ Dopartm ental Sub~P')3 t O ffic e s i~ The same; is

tht.: Gaso with tJio upgradation of the Ext.r-i Departm ental

Branch Post p ff ic e s into Dapaitm ental sub Post © ff ic e s .

.Th' i3G o f f ic e ^ , locatc.:.d as thoy are in small# remote v il la g e s ,

constitutivi tho Key to iôstal development, ap ec ia lly relaxed

norms exist is xeqards (i) p o p u latio n to be served ( i i ) d is

tance b.Jtween tw^ post ■.')ffices, and ( i i i ) f in a n c ia l

v i a b i l i t y 1 Jt backwird^ h i l l y and tr ib a l areas . But even

these relaxed norms are d i f f i c u l t o f achievement in this

C ir c le ,

I t is sugqest.ed that tiiv3 presi.nt standards as regards

popul.atiou be furth ..r relaxed t fa c il it a t e the expansit^n

of p ostal facilitiw js in this Circle- Tiit- foll.jwing rough

qu i dt.line .3 ire recoid tended f conside ration t —

,1 • . >ss.ain~-Tripura (p lains) ; 1 0 0 0 population

. s.-aiii, Mecjhalaya, Mizoram^

Manip ur U NagaJ .uxd(t±ioal i SCO population

L backw ard areas)

3 , .inm aohal Pradesh : 309 pvjpulation

" 2 S S -

(g) One persistent difficulty that has been experienced

in this circle is the inability of the Inspecting staff (ASPS,t.

IPOs and Main Overseers) to move freely within their jurisdiction

for even routine statutory checks and inspections. This is pri

marily due to insufficiency•of transport infrastructure in the

interiors of h ill states. There are instance when a long foot

-march is required to be undertaken to reach a post office. This

is not conducive to efficiency. It is, therefore, proposed that

adequate conveyanoe allowance be’ granted to these touring offi

cials in regions where suitable transport facilities cannot be

provided.

(h) Postal Training Oantre in NE Region At present

there is no training centre in the region and the closet is at

Darbhanga in Bihar. It is proposed to set up a training centre

at Diphu in the region,

(i ) There is also a need for opening a departmental

building and godown in the postal source and a bag washing

plant p referab ly » • at Gauhati.

(J ) One post of General Manager (Task Force) has botin

created with the headquarters at Gauhati, The telecom Dep- jrt-

ment has already evolved a works development programme for the

North Eastern Region, According to th is , the projects which

w ill .b e commissioned in 1984-85 are ohown Annexure 3 . The

Projects which can be commissioned in 1984-85 subject to

fu lfillin g of certain conditions are detailed in Annexure 4.

The projects which are likely to be commissioned i n -1985-86

are shown in ^^nnexure 5 . The Telecommunication Department has ,

faced certain handicaps during the course of implementation of

various schemes, these have been shown in Annexure 6 alongwith *

the assist'^.nce needed by the Department to minimise or over

come these d ifficu lties .■j

(k) The Seventh Plan programme for development of telecom

munication in the regi-^n should aim at {Providing telephone

connections practically on depand by 1 9 8 7 .

- 256 -

( l ) All d is t r ic t hn-ulqu rtur^ ah )i,ild h''='vo nut )nr=iiic oxch 'a,res

b y 1 9 8 7 .

(m) By the end of the Seventh P l ^ m n il tho St itu/IJT c - d t a s

)f Ihe r^f-lon stiould c'tin ct -d ti.lh.; natl )nn] subacr’lburs ’

dinlliiK t-aeoommunlcntion n tw^rk' for *'>Tn - nd nil llstrict

hendqinrti^rs should b.; oonm:nt:^Mi t • St d e /U T cT::)it 'ls by STD.

(n ) TgIgx conuoctlons a n dem??nd ." h >uld bu pr ovided by 1 9 9 0 ,

(o ) Telegr vph survl cus in the r^Kl m sh nalil b e m'jdcrnlaed by

usln^ 8 t )re s nnd f >rw rd ti l u g n p h (SFT) syst. m.

(p) C nnocting >f d lstrdct he idqunrt'^rs tn stntt.' ItF'l throu^^h

s itGlllt^i mudlurn (.;>xcGt-jt where r e ll djle terrdstrl iJ rnedluin

nvTil'U /lQ) In the St tes )f Trlpui^i, Me^^hnlnyn, M1z)rnm,

M-nlpur, Aruaneh^l Prndesh nnd Nngnp^nd. In n Id lt lo n provision

Garth st^’tl^ma it Unuh ’t l , HI phu nn i Hnf 1 In the St tc' of

Ass .m ns nLso the provision of nround 18 1 >w cos^t s a t e l l it e e'lrt.j^

st'^_tl3ns nt plnces of strate,rio. l«part«nBe» f-

75 7 -

\ q ) E f f o r t s s h o u l d b e m n d e t o o | ) o n n e w s m a l l a u t o m a t i c e x d h o n g e s

a t o u b - d l v t s i ) n s , I ’ e h s l l s , B l o c k h e n d q u o r t e r s o n d t o c i ' > n n e c t s u b

d i v i s i o n s , T e h s l l s i R 1 : > c k h e a d q u o r t o r s m s t a b l e r n v l l o m o d l a

> r ) ; ' ; r e s s l v o l y e l i m 1 n n t l n , ; / r t ? p l o c e m < i n t o f ^ p e n w i n t r u n k r o u t ^ s

] j y r o i l l ' ) l i n k i n n ' l . r t o p r o v i d e t u l i ' - c o m m u n i c n t l o n f a c i l i t y

f r - ^ m S t d : e t o B l i c k h e a d q u a r t e r s i n a l l t h e c o n s t i t u e n t \ i n i t s .

( r ) I n t o ^ ' - r a t e d d i g i t a l n e t w o r k s h o u l 1 b e p r o v i d e d i n a l l S t ^ > t e s /

b T s o f t h e r . ' a i o n b y t h e e n d o f S e v e n t h P l a n e x c e f t l n g A s s a m ,

w h i c h m a y h e f u l l y C ' V ' ^ r j d I n t h > , s u b H G f j U t m t j ) l a n .

( s ) F > r b e t t o r l o n g d i s t a n c e r u r i l t e l e ‘ - c ( ' ) m m u n l c a t l > n a l l ) v e r -

h e o d l i n e s / t r u n k c i r c u i t s o n c a r r ’ i f j r c h a n n ; ^ ! s h o u l d b e r r o f , ^ r e s a l ~

v e l y r e o l a c u d b y r ' ^ d i o l i n k .

- 2 5 B -i'i

nFMCii

- - - - - i“* Irea^sSrvefi Ir O ^ S — -.- ] p ->pulati J n _ ^

Name of S t a t e / ^bntlre _______ i r u r ^ ^ i

U . T*

\ . 2 3 .7Sq .km .

17 .03 Sq.Kiri.

4 0 ,35

5 0 .7 6

^q,kiTi.

7 6 .1 3

6 5 .8 43q .Hm .

.^runachal Pradesh. 350 3 8 ^

T rip ura

Manipur

Me®-naiaya

Mtzoran\

f^aq aland

7

1 1

10

25

★ 1 0 16Q11

1 6 3333

71 2537

52 3018

77 17 60

68 3087

355 2643

7 500

4300

4000

2100*3000

4100

1500

3100

1000

3000

2600

* n .u , : e 4 8 .0 6a v e r a c . . Population

Area

a # id X U R li.' 2

iit ate /U T 1 1 9 B 0 - U 19 > i - J 2 11 9 ^^2 - ^ J l9J.3-r-i4 ,M9'34-H5!( ^u tlta-

. . , tive ) ^

»'*,3 3 rlin 5 b 53 25 1 0 :J 7 4

*run.ichcil Pradesti 7 15 1 > 1 2Trip ura • 5 Q 5 4 5

Mecfhalaya 9 9 3!

6 1 0Manipur 1 0 1 1 j 31 16 14

Miz T a m 8 7 8 6 9

N igril and 9 9 9 16 1 2

^ • fPPQi-ntmuiit jJ: adciiti jn al ii]D 3t \t f f s t renit?thtinIng D a ily rur )1 deXivt jry sorvict^sj • '

Stat.e/UT^ — - 1 - ‘

[1980-81 ;i931~R2, 1

1982-83 |19c33-84 1 1984-85

— — ^ ~i 1

_ -X _ -L1

------------ ~1L _ _

\s 3 am 7 8 91 60 95 50

iruuachal Pradesh 1 0 45 1 i 15 4

Trl].ura 5 16 14 4 6

Meghalaya 6 20 1 2 6 3

M aaipur 1 0 18 20 5 7

)4iz'jrvum 8 1 2 14 1 0 2

Naqal anti B 18 17 1 0 3

2 6 0 '

I I I , P i; ^" ^ 3 :)f rur il ci.)unter serg/'lce ,_fjc 11 it Iaj s .

atato/LlT 51980-811

•1981-321

i 1902-83 1

•198.^-84 i 198t-35 1 _[(Tent.itivt^

. *s 3 am 115 70 35 8 3 48

Mintpur

T r ip u ia

40 6

4

6

9

1 1 6

2 6

\IV- In st ill itioi) of n^w lett tjj; b.)XU3 in rur il

St ite/UT111980 -(U t

1 ” “

•1981-82

1 __________

I 1982-83

-T-- ---------- -

|l983- 34! 1984-35

1 _ _ ‘ iT£ntative]_

\3H.im 196 35 4 3 4 31

hrun icti- l Pr idesh 1 0 - - 1 0 2

Tripu r Ti 7 A 1 6 5

1 1 lya 1 0 \ — 1 1

Minipu r MM — _ 3

Miz >run -\

— 2

Na '7 -il md 1

(

1

p u n e c ts which w ij^_be_c inimiajj>:)U<;jd lu izi§.

’ Micr tv^cht mc

inI .line th^ Schunje

1. G iUh.it.i-End .litjK 11 GHz(l+l)

2 . GHz (14-’*) S h illo n g End link

Pr^:yerit st .tus

C >m;ni3 :ii 1 in July *84

C.jrnml3 3 i ->n..:'d in July ‘ 31

C n nisv.i .-iiod .,ii 1 •i/943 , Gauh 1 1 i - N ■)w q . >ng V// H r *ju te ( I + I )6 GHz

4, N jwg )ny-• J ^rhat W/1-3 m /\^ x'^m te (1+1)W /B M/W r ju t e , *

5 , G iuh iti-G T-ilp-ir a-B:)ng'ii(jaJn iNl/3 M/17 Inst-al 1 :iti ju in pr j^resa*

C a Tii 3 i >nod . n 1 i - 0 3 / 6 1

2 • UHF Schemas

^ j- • Nqnlu oi the gcheine

1 , Tln^ukl'i- Kh JU3 i

2 , Gh:imp ikh W ’l-P lasl gh it

3, Ti nsu ki i-Teau

4, Tur'.-Dhubri

5 , S hi i J. 1 ng - J on i i

6 . S iic h ir - H a f 1 jng

? , Silch^r-iki oawl

C-:iri ler & VFT I n s f illg ti m

31« N j j £ oysteru

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Programme

Ju ly ‘ B4

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*’\ugus't- '84

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S e p t ' H4

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uct >bi r '84

- do -

Hovemtxir '9 4

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r>€iCGa\bfcr' 84

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iT.in ' 35

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Feb * 85

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Mar^.h ' 85

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Sw 1 tchlna P£~jjects

,N Nca;ae of w jj:K C )mmissioning

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600 lin e s MAX-rTI it B jii December, 1984

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2 0 0 0 lin es c uit. linerised Elec-

tr jnic Exch,ingo at Dibrug:^rh

300 lines i n s t i l l iti'.^ns at G^^unatiBxch. U n it- II(1200- l500 ) O c t .b ..r , 1981

3 0 0 lin es in s t a ll itiJn at Gauhati E x c h a n g o , U n i t - 1 1 , ( 1 5 0 0 - 1 6 0 0 ) D o c e m b e r , 1 9 8 4 .

200 lin es MAX-II it R.K<. Pur March, 1985

100 lin es M/iX a.t Chuiach m dpur M irch, 1985

Lamphelpat-Shiiloiig T..X--3TD Miirch, 1985

Kaliima-Dim ipur STD

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Til 3 pur

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Jaw ii- Shillong TaX

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aOO lin es Mm X~II It S ibsagai

March, 1985

Commiss itjned

August, 1984

M irch , 1985*

March, 1985

March, 1985

Septem ber, 19B4

M irch , 1985

Decemlxir, 1985 .

December, 1985 .

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6 . Irnp;h il-K ir ing

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S I ,N o . Harne :if w ^rK Remarks

1 . 400 lines M/%X-II it Mok >kchung

2% lOU Itnts M iX”* II w k dt D .j.)m 1) >jm-:i

3 . 200 lines M..X-II it D igboi

4 . 200 lines MiiX“-II ^t. N.dinrup

5 . lOO liiiâ M xX-I L w >rk it. i. imph^lpat

6 . 200 l ln e .5 in at i l l it i ni -it Jh.iiub iri

/ . Inteiiil illiij 1 f a c i l it y tetween G"\uh \ti andBorjhir syst :ai

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1985-36

1 . T riusm lssio a (UHF) P r Jie c ts f 1 9 8 5 - ^

S i . No, N ame o£ the Scherue 31 ,N- ^ m R . ) f th e Sc n erne

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3 . Imph li-Ukhrui i . Imph il-Chur ich indpuur

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2000 Linos c jnt iin ;r is id .jlocl-r <iilc exchungo it J

1200 lines MiX-I it Kjhim.-i

1200 1 Inv-a iX-I it Dim.ipur

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it S i l c h i r .

27 00 lino s - i t Imph il

1 6 0 0 i i n f i s M i X - I i n s t i l l j t i j n i t . N w c j o n g

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200 iinijiS M iX-lI it D h a l ig i n

200 iint:s MikX-11 it Tuigl-^

300 linws M iX-ri i t H \ f l 'n j.

H A N r j I f A P D A N D P t ^ O P G S l D F ! ; Anf U O R K FilR l)F. \/l If'PPIE:! 1 )F

j y E . . .

D u r i n q i.hc cDi i rsR o f i mpl f inr -ntatj .on o f v a r i o u s

srheri ins I n t h e N . L . RefKinn, s P V R r a l hundi cei pa i /c t u fai.t d ns

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n o t hf't-jn f f j r t h n n m l n n i i i t h t l i e n-^jiU'lt t h f i b p r r ' f , T f . 3 y . , f v ' r r i o u s

B c h n m c s g o t fif-lrl u p at M i p j n i t i a l wt.ar'iE' j t R c l . f , A i h o u f f 7

c n p c i s i n t h n N . f , R e g . l n n f a l l i n t h i s n o t o o r y ,

( t o Pouer nonnf: c:t j n n s havrj noi. been 1 pb J e on

p r j o r i t y r e B u I i i n q i n d e l a y I n cnmmiE-.r 1 n n l n q o f i n s t . a l l n d

t q u l p m r n t , Thnre- n r e enme 19 such i n ^ f o n c G a ,

( c ) C n n s t r u r t 5 n n o f b u i l d i n q e nnd apnr nacf i r o ad s

on t h e o c r j f r r q u i r t . d hns no+- b(;t:n poj 3Hi hl e i n snvr- ra. l casns

duu to r pmot r nnBr j o f thR pJanei s, non-*0 V/nil nb i l . i f:y o f m a t c i ' i -

a l s , d i f f j c u l . t d Fir; fac(^d i n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n n f m a t r r i a l , pau

c i t y o f s K i l . l n d 1 about* and c o n t r a c t o r s et c*

( d ) Acutt: s b o r t n q e o f s k i l l e d and e x p n r i p n n e d s t a f f ?

(t ) Tbtj rt arr-: o t h e r ( hener al l i m i t a t i o n s due. to n o n -

aN/ai .1 ehi 1 i t y o r d e l a y s in s u p p l y o f v a r i o u s t y p e o o f e q u i p -

rnF.nts and d i l r A ' s i n SACFA n l r a r n n c e f o r r a d i o s b a t i o n s i t t s ,

e t c;.

( f ) S h o r t a o t o f r B s i d G n t i a l ac nommodat i on i s a l p o

one o f t hn mai n i n h i b i t I nq f r i c t o r e ,

P f T c a t j n tis ha^3_ p r o j f ^ ' e j J the f':t 1 lou i n£r f - qTr i r rVf- i Trt j T ' " * “ ' *

Ar eae liierR asRi Btnnct> by M t C / S t a t n f ^ o v t s . i a r o n -

£:i dr I f, :! C s ' s o n t i a l f o r e x p n n d i t i o u n nr t v i s i o n o f t e l e r o m ,

f E i c - ^ l l t i e e i n thf: N , r , f^rqion err- i n d i r a i F d b o l o u :

i ) P r o v i s i o n o f l a n d , a p f i r n a i h r o a d s and b u i l d i n q s

by S+at e n n v e mmt n t s - I t may be me n t i n n a d here: t h a t Ar una~

c h a l Pi£»df sh n o v t , has a l r e a d y t a k e n a l e a d i n t h i s m a t t e r .

i ^ ) C o o p t i n q o f t e l e r o m m u n i c a t i o n r r n r e 9 e n t a t l ' ' e s i n

Fdr. tr ' ^ P l o n n i n q n o o r d s o f t he Nor' rh F a r t o r n ‘ t a t e s - Tf i i s

bi i . ' l b r i n q t h e t* .1 c cnmmuni cp t i ons p r o j e r t p J a n n e r s and S t i t n

'■’ r ' i i c L t pl ar i r i r r s t o c i e t h c r bo t h a t adv anc e a c t i o n by t he

Tt l i : comrnuni c' . t i ' - i t i & P r f j i e c t a u t h o r i t i R s -can he i n i t l n t n d

>1 iRr js

u i t h o u t l o s s o f t i m e . T h i s o ba Br v y at i n n I s based nn t h e

expFj r i emce u i t h r e f R r e n c e to C l i a n d r a p u r , t h e p r n p o s e d S t a t e

c a p i t a l o f ksBam, T he P&T came to knou ab o u t t i i i e p r o j e c t

o n l y t t i r o u g h n e u s - p a p F r rKifjort and I n a p j t i ; o f at hempt s made

t o o b t a i n d e t a i J e d pJ a n s no s u c c e s s has been a c h i e u e d so f a r

I t may be p o i n t e d n u t t h a t hhe G o u t , o f A r u n a c h a l Pr adesh

and NaqaJ.and have a l r e a d y t a k e n a leied i n t h i s m a t t e r ,

i i i ) P»: ' rmanent re p r e s E ^ n t a t i n n i n t h e S e c r e t a r i a t o f NEC -

I n u I bu o f t h e i m n o r t a n c e o f s p e edy p r o u i s i o n o f t e l ecom

f a c i l i t i f ^ s and t a k l n q i t i to a c c o u n t t h e e n o r m i t y o f t h i s t a s k

i n N . E . r e q i o n , p r e s r n c e o f a P&T r e p r e s e n t a t i wb in t he NEC

S e c r e t a r i a t i s e x p e c t e d t o be v/ery h e l p f u l .

- 266 -

I v ) Land a c q u i s i t i o n and p r o v i s i o n o f power c o n n e c t i o n s

u i t h i n d e p e n d e n t f t E d e r s f o r t e l e c o m i n s t a l l a t i o n s ; A c c o r d i n g

f*jf suc h h i n h p r i o r i t y u i l l rt ducn s u h s t a n t i a l l y the; t o t a l

p e r i o d o f o x G n u t i o n o f - p r a j e r t a .

v ) Assi st &nce i n t h e l o c a l r o c r i u l t m e n t o f sk i I l f d l a b o u r ,

T e c h n i c i a n s , o f f i c e s t a f f , e t c .

uj ) NeerJ fjf q u i c k i m p o r t c l e a r a n c f - T he N . E . C o u n c i l may

u r g e s p e c i a l p r i o r i t y fo: ; q u i c k Import , c l e a r a n c e by Depar t ment

o f E l e c t r o n i c s f o r pr of : ; ur emr nt o f s m a l l e r c a p a c i t y c o n t o i n e r -

i a e d f ' xcl i anqes, r n d i u Hyet.ems anfi n . l n t e d i t e ms needed i n ttie

N . E , S t a t e s , T he C h i e f H i n i s t e r s o f N o r t h - E a s t e r n St a t e s may

l i k t to take up t he i r iattei u i t h t h e DOE,

\/i i ) S e c u r i t y o f t/ele.com i n a t n l l a t i ons ' jnd s t a f f j The

p r e s e n t a r r a n g e m e n t s are i n i i doquat i : and there: i s n need f o r

be t i e r s e c u r i t y a r r a n g e m e n t s ,

\ / i i i ) F u n d i n g s u p p o r t tiy the N . E . C o u n c i l ; Ho s t of the

schemes r e q u i r e d f o r at ^ h i e u i n c t he o b i e c t i u c s as ' a p r l J e d l u t

a t p a r a s ( j ) to ( * ) u o u l d n o t be ' r emune r: t i u n . F u n d i r n s u n p o r t

spee;! f j c^jl I y f o r t he i t e m s o f thr P l a n p r o p o B a l B p.t psras ( p )

( r ) & ( • ) as ment i nnf d abnvye: i n l i k f l y to he ner.ejss' irv i f

t h e s e o b j e c t i wea fiave to he r e t a i n e d .

- 761 -

nANPnuFf? nt i/Fi.ni^ntf'T

rianpni>ipr p J a n n i n n hnaed nii r r : l l B t ; I r r Fit *’ inpf r p.

o f pr ps FT i i and pr r p L c t i ur manpnut r reqti i I ' finr-ntc , ,i b f b f -

E’l i t . i al f n r t h r Pi i creRs o f dfn/o] nnfi irnt pl ann. i t i q i n Mfjrfh

f a o t . I n v/.1f'U n f t hp Bpx'r-rf ehn r hg n p n f t r c h n i c y l ond n .n*»

t e c h n i c a l mnnpoi j or , var j ouv^ f^ectnraJ dp up 1 n prrit. nt pr op rpnifrir s

es U10 LI as l a r q p numhr r o f n r o j r - r t s havtj t - fane. ' E ; r j o u s

ir'anfiDiicr c n n s t r r i n t s , Thfi N a t i o n a l Cnmmi . ttee nn Dg\/' l o p -

iTc ni. n f B a c k y a r d At p b s ( V B 1 ) haR r i n h t Jy o b s p r u c d , " T h e

pRurlopfTiF n i pronrammF3 t a k e n up i n t h e N o r t h c ^ s t f rn Rp ^i on

u i n run a n r o und f o i l a c k o f t e c h n i c a l p n r s n n n c l i f a u l t a -

L i e pr onrammps o f msnpnuer dev/elnpment a r c not tal pn u p ” .

As thf f i r s t e s B P n t l a l s t e p t n u a r d R a f f o c t i u F ) manpjoiier p l a

n n i n g t he NE(, has arsked t he N o r t h Fas ' t pr n S t a t f ' s / D . T s to

asRt SB i h f i r mnnpouer rpriu I r e me n t s i n t h r e e phases v i z ,

( a ) f o r t h p S i x t h P l a n p r r l o d unt o ( b ) f o r t he

p e r i o d o f S e v e n t h P l a n 4% e i c (1^0H*^8C)1 hflH ( c ) p e r s p e c t i v e

unto 2 n r 0 A , D , Due to t h e p h o r t a g e o f t r n i n e d p e r s n n n p l

the n t u l y s e t up m a c h i n e r y f o i manpoLier o l a n n i n g i n most

nf t h p s p St a t e s / l J . T l ar e nou f i n d i n g i t d i f f i c u l t to

h j i l d up t h e s e e s t i m a t p s o f mannoi. ;er r p q u i r Rf nont y ,

Rpcnq i n l n q i he c r u c i a l r o l e o f manpouei as an

p s p p n t i a l i n i ' u i i n de\.'0 lo pment p l a n n i n r i and a l s o t he

p r a c t i c a l cons t r n n t s i n d p v e l o p i n q h o l h t e c h n i c a l and

n j n - t t chni c o l niannoLier i n t he N o r t h L a s t , t he NEC

r e q u p s t o d the; I n s t i t u t e o f A n p l i e d n a n n o u e r Rn s e ar c h ( I AHR) ,

Df: I h i to b u i l d up t h p p s t i m a t c s o f p r o j p c l . e d manpoyor

l "?quirernent s i n d i f f e r e n t f i e l d s o f spj c i a l 1 s a t i o n upt o

|^H9, T he s t u d y c a r r i e d o u t by t h r TAHR ro\/ra- l pd, i n t e r a l i a ,

t ' let by 19E19 t he N , [ , Req i on y n u l d r e p u i r e about 3hOb

Dj j l uma Hol df rp i n { •. nqi neer i nq, 4089 A q r i c u l t u r a l G r a d u a t e s ,

' i 7G Wbster i nBry f i r a d u a t P a , 14 , 6 99 P o s t - G r a d u a t e s i n A r t s

puj f’(jmu)<?rcp end 1 5 , 256 P o s t - G r a d u a t e s i n S c i e n c f - , R p s i d p s ,

3, 799 n r a f t B m e n , . '^,012 Stockmp-n, 1050 F o r p s t Renr i ei s uiere

so i n c l u d e ' d i n thf e s t i m a t e s o f p r o j e c t c i d manpoypr r e q u ~

i ' f r n r n t s un t L 19R9, On t h e b a s i s o f the;se e s t i m a t e s as ue 1,1

as i n thf. l i q h t o f Rornn p r a p a s a l s o f an C x p e r t Cninmi t t bo , t

the NFC i n i t i a t E i d t he f n l l o u l n q proqrsmmR of a c t j u i t i f s i n

o r d e r i-o suppl e mr nt s u b s t a n t .1 a 1 ] y the- a c t i v / i t l e s u n d e r -

t i k c n by t h f S t a t p s / U . T s For a c c E l e r a t i n g mannouer dcj wol op-

nipnt i n 'chia rs q j o n t-

i ) S p n n s o r i n q o f s t u d e n t s f r om bh i s r e q i o n f o rv/arl nus undc! r q r a d u a t o s , pa]g4:c^roduat(:’s and Ph. D. s t u d i o s i n A g r j cul tur t . . and a l l i r ) d s u b i e x i s and g r a n t i n g o f s t i p e n d e t c , i n s g J i c t e d n n q . i n n c i - i nq c o u r s e s ;

i i ) S p o n a o r i n q o f i n s e r u i c e p e r s n n n o l f o r s h o r t d u r a t i o n s p f c i a l i s ^ d c o u r s e s i n c l u d i n q t he eXBcutiv/L’ df: v/tT 1 o pm I n t and managcmr’n t dov/t l o p - mcnt pr og r ammes .

i i i ) L x p a n s i o n o r s t r c n q t h r : n i n q o f e x i s t i n g t e c h n i c a l I n s t i t u t i o n s ' i n ttir r e q i o n ; and

i u ) S c t t l n q up o f neu t e c h n i c a l i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e r e ^ j i on .

I n t he o v / e r - a J l c o n t c x t o f human r c s o u r c f - s

d e v e l o p me n t i n b a c k y a r d r e g i o n manpouur p l a n n i n g n( ;cds

t o he q o a r e d to t h e s p e c i f i c j o b r e q u i r e m e n t s not o n l y

o f t he l a r g e i n v e s t m e n t n r o j e c t s b u t a l s o o f v a r i n u e

s e c t o r a l d e v e l o p m f n t proqrammeB i n w h i c h adequai .e manpouur

,1s a b a s i c p r e - r e q u i e i t e f o r s u c c e s s f u l i m p l i . m e n t a t i in .

Sucfi s c a t t e r e d and d i v e r s e r e q u i r e m e n t s f'o r manpounr can

be met e f f e c t i v t l y o n l y i f c n n c r r t e d r f f o r t s ar e made to

u r q a n i s e p r o p t r l i n k a g e b c t u e e n c d u c a t i o n e l n u t n u t and

empl oyment o p p o r t u n i t i e s . T h i s i s b a s i c a l l y o q u e s t i o n of

mat c i i i ng o f manpower p l a n n i n g w i t h edLJcationa.1 p l a n n i n g

so t h a t i t i s p o s s i b l e t o a v o i i i i mbal a nc f be t uee n demand

f o r and o u p p l y o f manpouer # T h i s c a l l s f o r a d j u s t m e n t of

the; e d u c a t i o n a l and f r a i n i n q ar r angMnr n t s to t he manpouei

needs at a l l l e v f l s . The b e s t u a y t.o a c h i e v e t h i s o b j e c t i v e

i s to vo ca t i o n a l i s e the: m i d d l e s c h o o l and s e c o n d a r y school

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l l o r k i n o G r o u f J c o n s t i l u t p d by t he P l a n n i n g Commi ssi on has

r u g n e s t e d a r e v i F u o f t h e e x i s t i n g syst em o f c o u r s e s and

c u r r i c u l a so as to f a c i l i t a t e r e s t r u c t u r i n g some o f t he

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t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s anej j o i n t h e Advance T r a i n i n g I n s t i t u t e s

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2 72 -

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management .

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- 274 -

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l i g h t e d , among o t h e r s , t h e f o l l o u i n g p o i p t s ?

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l / o c a t l o n a l T r a i n i n g b o t h i n ttie R o u t , and p r i u a t e s r c t o r s

s h o u l d bc' f u J l y u t i l i s r d by i mprov/i nq t h e e f f i r i i n c y ot

t h e i r p p e r a t i o n .

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more f l e x i b l e by a d o p t i n q mo d u l a r a p p r n a c h i n o r d e r to

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- 276 -

t r a i n i n q tmtti i n i ht i n s i i i u t i o n s rnti Mn~i,hi ~ i n b so t.'tei-. a

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b r o a d l y on f o i l o u i n g n a t t e r n :

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- 277 -

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v i s u a l i s r d f o r t h e pr es F f i t ar e o n l y ti ie t e n t a t i v e ones and

t he f u l l c o n l e n t and V B r i e t i e s o f t he programmes c o u l d be

asst ssed a f t e r v a r i e t y o f s t ut J i es have been compl ete d i n

t he N a t i o n a l T e c h n i c a l H an pour r I n f o r m a t i o n Syrjtpm„ The

MtC may s u p p o r t t he uxi i anBi on and m o d e r n i B n t 1on schrmr s of

- 27B -

hhR p n l y t e c h n i c s and t he E n n i n e p r i n g C o l l p q p s , u h f r e n p -

C B S s a r y , Hnuf-v« r , t he nn o t - q r a r l i late pr ngr ammes l i k n

( i p t r o l e u m Tf c h n o l n g y , C o upr 5ystE:^m Efiqi n p p r I n q e t c y i l l

h a u 0 to he f u l l y r i n a n n e d by t he rov/tjrni i ipnt o f l n d i a ( ! l [ i C )

08 per e x i s t i n g p o l J c y o f t h e G o u t , n f I n d i a .

10, f t i s nou n f C B S s a r y t,o p r D v i d e l i n k a q e from

di f i l nma t n deg r ee courseB so t h a t a s t u d e n t c o u l d cnnt i n u e

s t u d y untn d e g r e e l e v e l a f t e r paf3sinq t h e d i p l o mH c o u r s e

by q e t t i n q an e n t r y i n t he deg r ee c o u r s e at a p p r o p r i a t e

J e u e l t t i r n ug h t h e r e q u i r e d b r i d g e c o u r s e ,

19* I n o r d e r to u p d a t e t he t e a c h i n g prngramnrif;! i n t h e

P o l y t e c h n i c s t h e o l d and o b s o l e t e maf:hinpti and e q u i p m r n t

s h o u l d bo r e p l a c e d . T r a i n e r s s h o u l d be p e r i o d i c a l l y s ent

t o t he T e c h n i c a l f e a c h e r t i ’ T r a i n i n g I n s t i f u t e , C a l c u t t a f o r

u p d a t i n g and u p g r a d i n g t h e i r a r e a s o f s p e c i a l i s a t i o n , T e a ~

( ' her s s h o u l d be d e put e d t o t he i n d u s i r i a l e n t e r p r i s e s more

f r n q u e n t l y t o a r q u i n t them y i t h l a t e s t p r o d u c t i o n and p r o ~

d u c t i v i t y t e c h n i q u e s . F u r t h e r , t he I n s p e c t i o n M a c h i n e r y

s h o u l d ht: s u i t a b l y s t r e n g t h e n n d so as t o a v o i d d i l u t i o n o f

e x i s t i n g t r a i n i n g pr ogr ammes i n the p o l y t e c h n i c s . S i m i l a r l y ,

s t e p s s h o u l d a l s o be t a k e n f o r u p d a t i n g and m o d e r n i s a t i o n

o f t e c h n i c a l c i J u c r t i o n and t h e d e g r e e l e v e l on t h e tias. is o f

d i m e n s i o n s and ni v/er s i f Pi c at i ons b e i n g a s s e s s e d t h r o u g h

M a t l o n a l T e c h n i c a l Mannouer I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m, The N F C ’ s

f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t may bt ex t e n d e d f o r i n t r n d u c t i o n n f neu

c o u r s e s bol .h at t h e P o l y t e c h n i c and ( i egr ee l e v e l s u h i c h ar e

n f g r e a t r e l e v a n c e to t h e a r e a ,

SI p?AT Ef;j

?IJ, U i t h a v i e u to a c c e l e r a t i n g Flanpoi ier d e v e l o p me n t

k e e p i n g i n v i e u t he needs and c o n d i t i o n o f t he N o r t h E a s t e r n

R e g i o n , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to t ake i n t o a c c o u n t t h e f o l l o u i i n g

a s p e c t s o f s t r a t e g y f o r r e a l i s t i n manpui.iP’ r plartfi j i ig d u r i n g

t h e S e v e n t h F i v e Year P l a n

- 21Q »

.1) WKC’ e pronri^rnmr o f a c t . i v y i t i e 3 i n t h e f i e l d n f

mamnuf. - r r i F u e l n p mr r t cnn he made mnre e f f e c t i v / e .if t ^ e

c o n c e r n e d S t a t e G o u t n . come up u i t h r e q u e s t s f o r E p o n s o r -

i n g cBnd. l dnt Fs n r n r p a t I o n / e x n o n R i n n n f f p r i l i t i e e f o r

t r a i n i n q / e d u c a t i o n on t h e b Ro i n o f s p e c i f i c manpouer r e q u

i r e m e n t s on t he one hand .'^nd t h e i r a b B o r p t i u e c a p a c i t y on

t h e o t h e r . T h u s , t he p r o h l e ms o f e x c e Rs o r s h o r t a g e o f

monpnuer i n p a r t i c u l a r f i e l d s can hr: a d e q u a t e l y s t a c k l e d

i f e d u c a t i o n a l and t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t l e e c o u l d be g e a r e d to

n e e d - b a s e d as y e l l as j o b - o r i e r i t e d p r o p o s a l s ,

i i ) Dev/elopment o f manpouer i n t h e p r i m a r y s e c t o r

s h o u l d be a c c G l e r a t o d p r e f e r a b l y by i n t o r d u c i n g neu c o u r s e s

o f p r i m a r y a c t i v i t i e s such as a g r i c u l t u r e , a n i ma l h u s b a n

d r y , e c o l o g y , j hum c u l t i v y a t i o n and m i n i n g e t c . A r r e n g e -

mente f o r r ef ' beBher c o u r s e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f sc i enc e

muBtum u i t h upt o dat e l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s s h o u l d be E n c o u -

ragt li,

i i i ) The dynami cs o f manpouer dowel opment c a l l s r t g u l e r

m o n i t o r i n g and r e v i e w u h i c h mi g h t n e n e s s i t a t t r e a J i B t i c

s h i f t o f ©mphasi 8 as u e l l as d i v e r s i f i c n t i o n o f the 1 i e l d

o f manpoiiei ' devel opf nent to embrace nf u dimensionF> such .is

e n t r e n r r n e u r i a l d e v e l o p m e n t , e l f c t r o n i c s , comput er t e c h n o

l o g y , foofi t e c h n o l o g y e t c ,

i v ) I t i s n e c e s s a r y to e s t a b l i sh/L?t re n n t h r n manpouer

cf 11s i n the S t a t e s so t h a t t l i ey mi g h t m a i n t a i n ad equat e

l i n k a g e u i t h t h t N a t i o n a l T ' c h n i c a l Nan p o u e r Sy st em, D . G .

r : , T . and r e g i o n a l l e v e l menpoue r ser t - up i n t h e N . E . C ,

I h c i e s h o u l d be c u - n i d i na t i n n among ttie c c t i v i t i e s n f p’ l l

i :ht:9c s p c ' c l a l i s e d agf ne: i es as u e l l as i n t e r —depa r t men ta L

c G - n r d i n a t i o n u i t h i n t he St et f s t h e ms el v es k eep i n g i n vi i . u

t h e d i r e c t i v e s and g u i d p , l i n o s o f ttie Le:ad Lent r f j at t he

I . A . n . R . , Neu D( l i i i and t he Planp' iuer C-. 11 i n t h e H i n i s t r y

o f L d u c R l i o n .

v) I n o r d e r th<>t i mp r o v e me n t i n the v o c a t i o n a l

t i a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s can be macie i n the c o n t e x t o f g r o u l n g

TF gui rfr:me niis i n a l l i tn s r c t o r a o f economy t he o x i s t i n g

„ 2 80 -

i n n t i t u t i n n s l . ikr t.hr 1 , 1 , 1 s , Pn l y t E ' c h n i n s , t r a i n i n g

c n n t r e s Pnr n u r s e s r nd ANI’lo f ; t r : , , ni pd t o be rxrtfncled

and modei r ni sed, A. 1.1 v/orr.atioucl end t n r h n i c n l c u ur ae o i n

the T . T . l a end E n G . i n t r r l n g C n l l t gi s net d to bt dj u( r 8 l f . i r d

and r f s t r u c t u r r d so t h a t t h r y ml r ] ht bf capablf: u f m f . E t i ng

thn n u t j r a l l r t jqu- l r f mL nt s of t E c h n i c r l pe r sonnf ; ! i n t h o

r n t i r E r r q i o n . Hor c auenuPB f o r v n c n t i o h s l t r a j n l h g o f

uomen need to be oppn^rl up. As t he P l a n n i n g Comin. IsBlon

SLi qgest a, t b p t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i n s f o r I d f e n t i f i B d c r i t i c a l

s h o r t a g e c a t e q o r j e e of manpouer and erriDrqlng typGf^ o f neu

BnhHrnes u i i l hav/t to bp o r q a n i s G d u i t h s pet : l a l t f f o r t . s ,

u i ) I n wleu o f t h y I mr ^or tancn o f e e l f - p m p l o y m m t i n

t he u n o r q a n i s p d s e c t o r B o f a g r i c u l t u r f and c o t t a g e c r a f t

and thf> h i g h p o t p n t i n l i n t h r o r g a n i s p d i n d u s t r i a l s p c t o r

manpouf. r dev/ploprnrnt i n t h i s r p g l o n s h o u l d bt, o r q a n l s e d

i n aunh a manner t h a t u i t h t he p r o p u r m n t ^ t i o n , t r a i n i n g r?in

and a s s i s t a n c e , i t y o u I d he possi ttLt! t o g e n e r a t e and s u s

t a i n sf I f ompl oymBnt v r n t u r t s f o r the b t m e f i t o f b o t h

r u r a l and uibar^i p e o p l e . I n t h i s r e g a r d e x p a n s i o n and

modt i rni s a t i on o f Empl oyment Exr hanges t o me et t he spt c i a l

r t q u i r r mt n t s o f t h i s r e g i o n as ut i l as i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f

s p e c i a l schemf-s f o r t he b e n e f i t o f the i . i raker s e c t i o n s and

p h y a i c a l l y handi cappr i d p e r s o n s u i l i go a l ong u a y i n p r o - ’

v/idi ng sr i equet e l i n k a g e b e t u e e n t he o u t p u t o f p a r t i c u l a r

c a t i q o r i i . s o f mr^npouer and t h e i r p r o s p e c t i v e u t i l i s a t i o n ,

v i i ) The f i e l d o f c a r e e r g u i d a n c e needs s u i t . a b l e

i m p r o v e m p n t , s i n c e a lofc o f i g n o r a n c e a b o u t t he p r o m i s i n g

c a r e e r s pnd c o u r s e s as u e l l as l a r k o f ad eq u a t e o o m p e t i -

t i V B s t r e n q t h o f t he l o c a l c a n d i d a t e s a r e at p r e s e n t

h i n d e r i n q t h e p r o g r e s s o f manpower d e v e l o p me n t p a r t i c u l a r l y

i n t he f i e l d s o f s c i e n c e , t e c h n o l o g y a c c o u n t a n c y and

management , ' By and l a r q e , t r a i n i n g f o r manpouer dev/el op-

ment c a l l s f o r g u i d a n c e on t he one hand and adequat e

f o l l o u - u p on t he o t h e r . As a f e a s i b l e p r o p o s i t i o n , i t may

be s u Qo e a t e d t h a t i n e v e r y s t a t e at l e a s t t uo d i s t r i c t s

s h o u l d be ctiosen f o r s t a r t i n g c a r e e r g u i d a n c e c e l l s .

- 2B1 -

F o r thP pur pos e o f a c h l B V i n g a d e q u a t e c o - o r d i n a

t i o n and o p e r a t i o n a l e f f i c i r - n c y some G r g a n i s a t i o n a l i mpr o-

wpment may be made by a c t i v i B i n q D i s t r i c t Hanpouer P l a n n

i n g and Empl oyment G e n e r a t i o n C o u n c i l s u h i c h m i g h t be e n

t r u s t e d w i t h the t a s k of q u i d l n q and u a t c h i n g t he i n t e g r a

t i o n o f s e c t o r - u i s e p r o d u c t i o n p l a n s u i t h t he empl oyment

p l &na i n t h e N o r t h E a s t e r n Rr t i i o n .

- 282 -

- 2 B 3 -

OHAPTER IV. 13

11 B A L T U

One of the pre-requisite's for Booio-eoonomio deveiop-

meni in the country is the laalnfcanfxnoe of /'.-"d hoaLth in the ooinimmity,

^ sound and hr’i i ih ■ !'■ liiiperati/'^ "'or 'ih'’

progr-jss and prosoerity or tlie oountr' ♦ A v ;,ri^ty of dist-âses cite

pi*oduf3ed inherently in man hiiiiaoli' and are paened froui ^jinuration

to ^^wneati'ui aa hereditary diGoaseô, While nomu oP them are mani

f e s t e d , o thoro are dormant t i l l thpy re-appuaj- if ter somu /i;enura

t io n , Tlie health Ht rti.is of tht coiiuiiunity doea not r> mnin one in

is o la t io n b it is interdependent on a h-ist of nth> r faotors b*iei“-

deo s o c ia l and economic factors lik e pov.;]'t;/, lacA of san itat ion

i g nor nancij, apathy , lacit of hr uisport a no ol- imiinioci t ion caid ottiva-'*

W hile these are important factors the he.ilta sex'^/icec mtâGurur un

der prom otive, p reventive , curative and reJiatailitative aspects are

to be in te n s ifie d to aeouru li.ea]t]iy and 'io,pjjy l i f e . TbiiL can bo

solved by ju d ic io u s cho ic j of p r io r it y arears v/hich if* dulayod

the fu tur»..- inveistm^jnts mn/ hrivo tr. be- .increaf:!ed m aniCoid ,

2. Nationiil Healt i Pol.iov hag laid stress on Pi'imary

Health Care and the emphasis of ’"Ttialtli Ca,re l is chan>;ed f.roui

Curative to Preventive^Promotive and Rehabilitation uid extension

of facilities from urban to rural areas. Primary Heail :i Oare alô

inciud(':s Mothtuand Child Care (MCI) , Family V/elfare Pro,U'’aLir:ie,

nntri t ' on, environmental, sanitaoi on besid^;s Jl igujsin.^ a,nd treat

ment of mcinor aiDmi^nta, spot ti ng of major aiimrnts with referral

Sv^nîces to PHC^s or bigger hospitals and puDting grâjier inputs

in the control of the communicable diseases,

The 20 points pro^r^mune also has put emphasis on the

need to provide Primary Health Care wltJi eiaphaeis on the preven

tive , promotive and re] labii i tat ive 'ispects. Tliis war ants the need

for trained pursomiel and the training pro 'c:allLme requires tr dn-

ing workers at all levels.

By i'i-nd lrgo,t,he i.mportant health pr Dblems i*f Wortia

iiastern Hega on ore created by majaria, tub jrculot<is,goltr(i, inten*'

tinal diseîees such as gaetro-Hnteri tis,dysentery and f>araaitio

di arrhoe. a|)art froiii the general pr' >blem of . 1.13 nutri ti ai T^ liig

widespread. Water borne diseases auch as dys' iit(3ry,diarrhoea £nd

gastro—enturiClio account for the iargest nujiber of cases trf.âted

-in hospita.is and di sp>ens/vri jai Meghalaya and Majiipur about

5 pta’ênh of the tnt il oases i.iay dHpt^ribed w^-terborne diseases).

The b j-tje line lODS datci ruvual thnt l5‘fOvunb.iv(j oervioeu like

li'iLiurjiBabion and iliBtribiition of natrition sap')leiaenta have rea-

Ghud only a oi iall niriorl ty of people in thiB region. Aooordin^^ to

the feedbaoi. report received froii Central Teohi.*ical Couuittea,

AIIMSjNew Delhi,the iuiiunipation ooverage(in pjQ:*oent) for child-

r :n up to 2 yeara of aô io found to be 2 . B O G r ) a n d

3 7 ,2 (Polio) in oaue of Arunaohal Pradesh,58 .5 (BOG),7 4 .9 (DPT) and

36.4(Pollo) in oaoe of Asoau,36.1(BOG),33.7 (^T) and 32.0(Polio)

in oauo of Meghalaya. Suc]i iiaLiuniaation fif.urea are not available

for Na/'aland while in capjij of Manipur,Mizorcun and Tripur'a the

iiai.iuniBation oovorage is either nil or nof^Ligible,

5* The era after independence gave a new awîkening of

health noydo in the regan. With a network of hoapitals, diflpenoa-

rieu5 health cantrea and oub-oentres and varioua oa^gories of

d)otoro ooiinoundere, nuroeo and ANMe ao well aa paraiaed ical ataif

prenaed into Bervioe,the laedical and health servlceB in t’le North

E,int have reoord^jd gradual developuent nore or leoe according to

all India pattern. It is neceafjary to ex,)and and diversity theoe

yervioeo to a conoiderable extent. In January,1903 this region

hns:.i 106 hospitals in rural areaij with 4152 beds .ind 119 hoopit iln

Jn urbarj ar<>-'ao with 12281 beds. Out of these, 181 were Goveriii-ient

iiospitals wbilc’ 44 were privite. f^Qj-des,thei*e were 2 speoi.alisod.

cfincor iioopitala and 2 uenbal hospibalB. Tlicre were 1 Governiient

Ayurvedic h'jspital,45 Government Ayiu-vedic diopensaries and 60

Prjvc 'êly run Ayurvedic dispensaries. There were 24 Ho.ioopathic

dispensaries run by the State Gov -’rn.lent. Tlie nuiiber of doctors

for an average population is low In the region. According to

ostiuate for Asem.i,the doct or poijulati ai ratio wasi/11 ,B79(‘-is

1 .1 .8 0 ), for Me(îalaya 1 /6155 ,for Tripura 1/5466 fjnd for Mizoraa

|/7l'f3e Nagaltind and Manipur were in Blightly bobter position with

a ratjo of 1/3463 and 1/4095 reapecbively. The situation in

Arunaohal Pradesh is equal.Ly pôr.

5. Fron the data presented in Table 1 an idea about

decenbralieed rirrangeuent s for ox bonding uGdical facilities du

ring the Sixth Plan (1930--85) be foraod.

~ 284 -

- 2H!)

T/VBIiE -I

DeQ0n t r u l l a o a . ,A ^ îin d e r t l i j i S ix t l i F iv e Y j a r P la li 19B0-

: or MQdioal Facllltlea

31 a t us/TIT s

^ - i- I

ArunaohalPraxôoh

Asaain

Manipur

Moghaif^ya

Mizorai:!

Brig aland

Ti 1 pura

j Sixth Plan targets*

o f PHQs■rweaalESBW

lyIreevdoent

16 9

15 B11 710 B11 7

7 ^

905

284

150

30

140

238

veLiunb ux)to

19 S :^ :8 1 _ _

540

156

663 0

77

43

Explarmtory No too !“• *__ *aeans not available.In Aninaohai Pracêsli the health Unts do not oonfoi'n to the staffing f)attern of PHO,

Health Statistics of India,Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (B(rHS),CfovernLiont of India.

7* As will be eeen in the table above,in regard to PPTOs,

all States/lTTs excei>’t Mizoraii are n t likely to reach the Sixth

?3.an targebs. In caee of sub-centres also there w ill be shortfalls

in all the units. The shortfalls are nainly due to non~availabi

lity of tra.lnt)d st iff such as doctors AMls while in soi.ie oasue

inaoQssibility of areas had also beon an obstaole,

8 ,Assam has now three Medical Colleges wibh an intake

oapaoity of 300 annua'J ly and have long since establicahed Post

graduate degree in uost specilities of medicine in two of tlie

tVireu Medical Go l.legeo in the State, The estahlis^nvient of the

Medical Colleges at Iiaphal in 1972 has also iiipuoved the sittia-

tion, With the prOsent annual intake of 75 students in Hegional

Medicjal Oollegu and with the quota of only 5 students each for

the two Union Territoj-'ies in this co3.lege, these two tJTs wil l s t il l

face aauto shortage of doctors for a long tine to cone. The

v'roO'jBs of tr-Owining aore doctors for future requirenent w ill

have to continue.

206 -

9, Thu LiLilti pur,)Onu workura GchuLie iopJ iuB t’lat a

Uni ijuriJjBe id to nriclt-TAO a ooiirsc of Lralning bo un.ibic

or hur to bo able t j .Cunction au a auibi jiurpotju workur* T iio

ia (3oriu in 3 tiurs of tr .iriin contruB (1) f a* Koy trainore and t'U'

District iievei MucJioal Offic -ro (2) for Medical Officurs J-nci Bloolt

oxnunaion erlucaborG and ("5) for loara iiucliG il £3taj f at suluctud

PIIOb, ■ ' owjUnlOGo the niddlo Ocata/?,nrv of ot .iff will not bo able t )

dolivor the goodo. Th( liualtli t iii loo aro Yolant.jry ho.ilL’-' workuro

yGloctod by thu cniii.runity. Tlioso also are in pooition to duliv^.r

Priuary Hoaitb Caro Scrvicoa at thu r - 't lovol.Th*.' trai.ii.inr.

Centre also being at the PHO,tho Modioal Officer or Offloors at

the PTIC Liuat bu active and sincere so iis to bring out desired

results. All tJiese go to show t!iat the Movlioal Offdioeffs at the

level of PHC nust function as leadt.^rs and aust be ,)ropurly trriinod^

and must be exposed to tra.ijiing prograi.ules workshops and be o(.)nvuj'-

sant with local aonditions and local ii(?i!dn,and art to be given

all he]p and support,*

|Q T]-\e reli.io tanco of doctors t " W'.)rk in the rural

aruas thus,depriving piiople living in thes‘.- ;ir<-3BS thu sui^vicof,

of such pur3onnel,neud considerati )n in the W.E.Rugi m also*

One of thu postulates nf the National Medical a]id Health Bduc.i.tlon

Policy is to ensur’e that personnel at all levels be socialLy

liotivated towards rendei-ing couiiunity health survices. The Re

orientation of Medical Education Schei:ic seeks t > involve t!ie

various colleges in th ^ c^^untry in thu di-u-ct dualing of he;:,1th

care services to their rural are. xs and to cr-ate i) )sltivo bias

to be uedJcal students and the tuachers in Mi.^dieal Oolleg^s^

towards cor.Li.iunity bealth care. Thus eaoli of tlie Mudioal ODllegeo

in the count.ry are to adopt thruo Pri lary Uua.lt'i Oentr-;s in L lu

State and students are required to fu.Lfil six lontlis coi.ipulsory

inttu-rnship in tliest- rurul instituti ’ns a i prescrib*-u by tjie

Medinal Council >f India* Even with this exposure to inke y ^ung

doctors ,iGCli]iat.1 ze d to the rural set ting, on a slight pretext

doctors still try to avoid posting to. i-ural areas. Health being

a. stagu subju^ctj the States u iy devise v/ays and iiu^ns in the foi’n

of incuntivus,pr ')v Ifction oC q.uarters -md otlier auonitius and a

definltH policy >f posting of doctors by rotation to otlier battor

areas.

1 national Health Polioy also errvisa^ê the eatai)-

liijliiunt of a ohaln of eanl.tarj,’' oui:i opldeniolojîoal stations to

ifîuni-iiYtplan ?'.nd provide preventive,proi.iotivo and i.iental liealth

o I’G aorviovj, Suoh u n ita ,lf set up In urban ai'eaB,e.g.Munloipali~

til30 fuid Tiooal B )ards ,w ill also help take o«ro of looal preventa-

blQ Public Health Prol)lei:io in towns inoluding sluj.i areas.

Another aspeot in the delivery of Healbii Se,rvioes is

the i;.rc)pur product ion and distribution of drugs. Aooordin^; to the

Driiga and Oosjaetio Act 1940 these ape to be prope!bly regtOated.

Ojily rogistored PharLiaoists can dispense mudioine aid this warr^

ants that only quAlified and registered Pharuaoists (ir i bo look

lifter the sale and use of drugs. Dru. i.ianufaoture requires obser

vance of* strict rules and regulations and inspection of Bruî Stoi’es

nnd Phamacies can be done only bo qualified staff. Years OfiO a

Ooapoiui(\er*a Sohool was opened in Assmx mid with a braining of *

leas t an a yeai^s duration certificates were issued to trainees

on the conpletion of training. Many of then were under-uatrlc,

they were allowed re£\io1 iratlon as onnpo\indorn f uid in fact ^ the

oompounder*s posts ,in the big hospitals, in t ^wns,to dlspo:Qaarlea::

ix\ villa{^,es were uianjied by then. Due to shorta^'e of such conpounr-

ders oven those who had workfld. for a nuinber of years as apprentice

imder a qualified doctor could practice as conpoundors. The

Phfinnaoy Gouncil has now disapprvovod of this kind of training,

Ooiapounders are n'^w known as PhaiTaaclsts and are now required

to undergo training at least for 2 years after raat»lculation for

a Biplona and 4 years after PIT (Science) for a Degree in Pharimoy#

Only such pers^ms are allowed to bt; registered at the ooiient.

Institutes fi>r Biploi.ia in Phariiaoy are running, in NE region,

one at Bibrugarh under th e AsBan Govt.and t’le othu^r at Tripura

as an NKG Project .

openin^^ of a degree college of Phari.iacy at the

Iîbrugarh University is a step in the right direction, liVery

^^tate requires a conxjlGnent of staff to iiiplojnent the drug control,

poliay^ Tl'iOae include Inspectors, Assifettmt Oontrollers and Oont-

rol3.ei's of drugs, T?iere is an cioute shortage In the line in a l3.

the State»i, It isj expected that the Pharmacy Inat .1 tntti-n.t* Bllimi-

garh c4g an l EO Pro jecti, wll 1 aôrt inaodimijig Pha’t’o'uig;r'i vu-hp>q

who v i ;i slowly f i l l in the gap, .

- 2H7 -

14« The North Easturn Roginn deponds for its supply of

nedioines and drugs from outsido the rB/''i 'n. Except a few jjriivate

firLis in AsBJajn,drug rnonufaotiire in Nortiii East is aluost non

existent* G-ovorn'.Tont venture on this aspeot has been only in the

production of a few infusions like saline and glucose preparations

.'ind distilled water. This is iiainly done in the Medical Colleges

and in a few big hospitals. Only one instituto,naLiely the Pasteior

Institute,Shillong,produces vaccines. In fact this is the onl^

centre in North Eastern Region producing anti—rabic vaccine

besides cholera vaccines and typhoid vaociiB . Throu/^h NE(J fun

ding,production of these vaccines hcivo been augiaented in recent

years and Medical Officers and Bioohei.iiots of t ie Institute hiJRTQ

boen sent out to obtain special training in otJior pai’ts of the

countiy and outside. The Institute is nlso engaged in the pro

duction of D&T Vaccines with NEC funds*

15^* States ;,ind Private Enterprise are to be encoiArage^

in drug Li?-)nufaoture in the next Plan and after. By then enough

drug Inspectors also will be coi.iin out to seu that the region

does not bficoiae a dui.ix)ing place of oubBt.indfiM d ru g s ,frou other

parts of the country aol firven fron beyond the borders. Di*ug

industry in a region with a rich flora and fauna is yet to be

given a start.

16. All tJie States in North Sast are f'ujictioning with

a. very neagre staff in the Directorate of Health and Liariy are

not sufficiently qufilified. Even the Directors of Health Services

who are currently acting as O m troller of dim/^s in the States

arw not sufficiently? quaj.ifled but in the absence of qualifiud

persons they have to Danction with the help of a few quilified

staff. The urgent xieed for such staff cannot be over emphasiaed*

Moreover, the drugs Inspector or Assist int Controllers of Di'ugs

have to depend on Central Drug Laboratories for their suized

o.rticles a].l of which are outside t.his region. Of the 4 Central

Drugs Standard Control Oi'ganisations,one is situated in Ht>]ibJiyf

one in Calcutta,one in Madras and in G-iaziabad, States of this

region have to send their suspected spur! )us or sub-s tiiudard

drugs to the Calcutta Laboratory Uc’dnly and due to the large

nujiber of speo ii ians to be tackled, reports fron t!ie laboratory

are vi^ry oucJi dolayed. It is )nly In the fitness of thing,s and i

for better drug conti^ol. in this region that a Regi.PJi^ Dm g

- 288 -

3tand.'\!'d Oontrol Or^'Hniaatlon (Laboraturj’’) be atit iliLlsliud in

tthdo regiom.c l

17* Health otandard aoea hand in hand with f(>od atanr*

dtxrd, lliG Provention of Fool Adulturatlon Aot of 1954 onvlaaûd

the supply of pure and wholesale foodo t oona»Jii.ier9 . Supj'ly of

subst pdard food stuff or of adulterated food stuff aru often

voioed in this area and the l 5 w/ provides pi-'osoout.1 on of the

oulprits# Btit this requires proper investigation and tfiokling

nf the oases by properly qu .lified and trained persons, Tlie

States in Nortli Eastern region have to depend on tho f 'od lc.bo*-

ratoiy of th( G-ovt.of AsBari at toil-iati. This single l^borato.ry

niay help solve tho problem for the State of As3ai;i,while the

other Sfcahes are st ill at a disadvanto,ge. Here two things are

to be tn-kon into consideration. Firatly,the question of train

ing of the Oheiiists and the Food Inspectors, The Sanitary Ins

pectors after under-c/^lnf, training Cor tho reîlred Itmgth of

tii\e under a qualified Oheiiists,w!io are otherwise quAlified to

be appointed as Aaalstant Analyots,havo to undergo a period of

training \mder the Oheiaioal Analyst to be abloj to Fanotion

both in the laboratory as Exiêrt. Witness in the Ooiirt. Only

qualified persons witli sufficient exjierience in the line are

recognised by tho Courî* Tlie second consideration is tho need

to establish food laboratories. Wlaether one is to be (Established

for each State or a .Regional one coiuion to a ll Stages is to be

deoided. In or ler to save tine cmd uoney it wfûld be better to

Upgrride the present F -od Laboratoiy of the (3-ovt*of Assail by

tho au/;i.ient'!.tion of s ta ff , oquipi.ients and space with facilities

to iiipart teaching and ijractical training to the staff sent by

tho States for this purpose. Instruct ions, botli tliejr<itioal arid

practical,have to he iraparted to the candidates on the latest

teohniquea ? f inapeot in/1 -■ ir 1 1 clea of f od, co IJ,ecting and

despatching of food stuffa sei zed and to be fanil tar with the

usual ways and methods of adul.teration of food stuff counion

in this region as well as to be corrverHariit with the and.

regulatioriS of Food. Adulteration Act*

- 2B9 -

18, The rogjon ia , how<JVi?r,vory iiiioh in dunrth of PogI/

gr .ulu vhe du^roo ’Dldurs, Wit]i tbu incru lao in tlie nijiibur of

his]')italQjup/3, r t h e PHO'a nnd CoiiLiunity Hu ilt',! Controe tht

nuud is i.ioro Except in a few apooialitiua like surneir'/s ledi”-

cino and f»yneooolopy n,nd that too In Bt ite H )spit ila ii 'istly,thu

3ther h'Opitals in thia re[/i^n are with ut the oervioeu os npe*-

oiaiists. rjp till now Medical ^'radaatee froii this region asiii-

rin^ f )r P.(t.training are at a diaadvant V'e as adiiisoi n to all

the Post graduate Inutitubi ms are l y iierit o moiderai on tlie

narka obtained in MBBS course )r by open o nupetiti n tlirough

Entrance Examinations. Other Institutes go a sti? ) furtlKr l,)y

diaquaiityini^^, candidates except those sponsored by their State

G-ovts, This may be si)lved in a nLmbc-r of ways

• ) Est iblishuent of Regional Medical Institute in 1\IE

rv. x')n with f loilities to undei'take Pont graduate teaching, in

M e d ic al siib;) e c t a *

< ' ) By- NEO aponsorin/' thti candidates of State (fovts.iu

.iialltlv3a deslru ' by their Cr^vtiin ?j)Ht graduate Institutes

within tlie c^unti'y.

The National Acadeiiy of Modical ScienoeB can also

be called upon to extend their continuing Medical Education

PrograLUie t3 all doctors incLud.i ng, uven private prac tit lone'ra

by arr inging seuin irs, workshops, sh >rt tine ooui*ses e t<g, Th«)se

who could not otherwise avail fornal P.G.Couraes can get the

benftfit of thjse facilities which will enable tfieu to sit for

the Entrance Exaiainations in different parts of the country.

1 9 . With the stress an * strain )f iiodern life another

iai)ect of health care whi .‘h has cone a.lnoat to the f )refront is

Psychiatry• This includes wel.l-k.n <wn diseaaes like epjlipsy,

n<inttal retardation in children,cases of iij.«i.Li.ngerlng, an insounia,

depressj.on and excitenent,addiction and alcoho] isu child deii-

quency an 1 :>thurs. It is a con.i n experience that there is no

dearth of alcohol in any f-^rn and. uiiko in the North Eastern

Re(.im» The health haigartis associated with the* habit of drinlciii/^

are fiuite weJl known. Bo~drug ',.ing, )f addiota in d rug's .la we] 1 as

bre .iti.n of the alcohol hahit can be done in Psychiatrio Ountrea,.

20 Oases >f a nent il an<l Ixjh.avior-il nxture h ive,for a

long period of years,been tackled veiy haiir-liazinrdly and th St.

wh 5 turn vi :>leut eitlier land in .jails,as ci'iiiinal or non-orini--

nal ljunatic or have to entt?r the lunitic leyluiis. Frr.i this

- 290 -

2jo^.lon oaaea aro rc^forrud to the Mental Iloepltals provioutjly

known as Lunatio Ajsyiuii at Tezpur or at Jianohi. Tho Mental

Hospifcnl at Tezpur nailLly due to lack of CUnda has not boun able

to oouu up well,altliou^];h,it liae,Llurin^- its 1 years of uxls-

fceno0,beun of iLiLionso sorvioo to the region. If thu Mental Hospi

tal oa-n he np(;raded to a Regional Inatiiute of Payohlatry, it will

serve aa; an Apex Institution f )r Mental Health and all the Pey-

ohiatrio Benbres in the States whioh uay bo provided with bedu

(nob hiore th'in 50) will help to ],ieet the req,uir0uent in this

regioue

" Medioal graduates frou tho States may also take

up Post graduate oourses in Payohiatry in the Central InatJtute

of .?nyohlatry ,Hanohj or In any other P#G« Institutes. 3ii luitanoou-

slyîiursing personnel have also to bo given opportunity to do a

dipLoaa oourse in Psyohiatrio Nnrsin(' in the sajii* Institutes#

Thj w ill faoilitate the estahlislnnent of funotioniing ard good

Ptyt-ihiatrio Centres in the States.

’ Besides geneual services,nurses would be rticûir^d

ill o''.l thn apeoialities avail ble in our hospitals. BUt Publio

Heal th Nursing' is espeoially iiiportant as the Twenty Points

Pro^raiiuno onvisi^^ged expansion of Primary Health Care to the

fucaj. art-an where preventive and promotlve neasures are consi-

derc^d more important than ourative. Nurses with Public Health

OerM fiootes are,therefore|In a better position to deliver the

gooae tJiai . those without. Training for G-eneral Nursing and Mid—

wicery afti:t;r matriculation or equipollent mc^ be encouraged in

the region,,

A right stdtp in this dirîction would be that the

(Jraciuo.te Nursing College at Gauhati whioh is just coming up

should he al.Lowed to grow with financial ass.istance in the 7 th

Plan £l1 s o , s o as to meut the demand for gracûate nurses in the

region and hul]^ improve nuroin^j care which is an essential ele*^

i.ient of MediBal CUre, It wQuld n' ' t l)e wise to ,atap_-lj£4nding a '

helping h u]>3 t ,) this G-r iduate Nui'sin/^ Ooll,ago at the time wiien

it 1 b most needed.

Nurs«a^llk.e doctors and Pharmacists,have to be

regTLcejed Jn their respective C'juncils. Assma,utills 1 ng pf.irt-

time gejîoes uf th-; Director of Health Services,Assam are st ill

continuing registry of all the doctors practising in this region,

<‘S veil an registration of the nurBO^n .'xiid pharma,(3 ists.

- . 91 -

Btit while rogistratiin of dootors and i^harmacists,is only done

with the puri^oee of giving then oredenoe for applying far Johe

or for practising in the line the Mireing Council has the added

responsibility of conducting examinations ;and inspections for

General Niijrsing and Midwifery and of awarding curtlficatee of

coupletion to successful candidates. Of late,the Trained Mirses

Association of India of ME Region have proposed the establish

ment of a separate Nursing Council for the NE region oonprislng al

the States rind UTs except Assam,Such a Nursing Council may be

considered for eatablishi:ient with the help and advice of the

Nui’sing council of India and with the consent of the Constituent

States.

2^0 The maintenance of inafcruj;ients and ap.jliance

specially those which are electrically operated need specific at«

tent ion, A Regional Workshifcp for repair of more oov.imonly used

instruiaents in this region m<\y be sot up. It may be possible

that with luck and patience this may even hit upon ideas of

inventing now instruments or cadgets or improvement of existing

ones®

'26. It is understood a Regional Medical Institute is

being established in the Central Sector in Megha3.aya. Whether it

will provide both teaching facilitiee and Health Services in the

line of the AJl India Institute of Medical Sciences or in the

line of Chandig’irh is not known .Since there is a dearth of spo-

cialipts In the different branches of mei3ioine in this region it

would be bettor to combine service with teaching l)ut teaching

only at the Post graduate level along with Hoalth C?ire Services,

Cancer of the throat and of the oeso]jha^:^s is

most pri:;valent in this region as an established fact although

the real cause is not known. It has often been attributed to Ijetel

nut chewing common in the NE region. In all the 4 Medical Colle

ges in the region and in some of the hospitals in the State some

amount of nanoer detection is going on. Since most of the cases

Cf:une late,proper troamunt could not be meted out.Many of -the

oases are Lierely latet^lled as "la te ‘‘or "inoperable cancerous

groHth‘'b Ub t ill now it has been st^en that those located at

places where ope®ation can l)e done along with radiotherapy have

a longer life span with a more or less coiiifort ible anil fret^ from

pain periods

“ 292 -

- ?g:A

^8 , The B*Btiruah Oanoer Mositltal at Grauliatl et'-irteia; wmII

with a woil-lnt«intlmod uotivt; nn.auly t'' ruiicjve tho pain inl

HuFferin^; pe >,;,Le mirforing fron o ino< v. But it 1 loka the

infraBtrurrbure and nltlioiigh oonGiuuroO aa a .nal Oanoer

Institute! ;it haa beun axj^rovod to oater irilnly to the nuucls )f

•joatienba Buffaring: fr'-'i.i oanooj'nf tho ttu’o it whioh v/ilL ilufinJi*-

tely re l ieve oon Te-sti:'>n of auoh typeo yf ôanoer pablerito in tho

Mfadioî Oollegtis of Asfciaii ani other Institutions wh(^ro Radio

therapy exists. If bhe staff is au/7;ionto 1 thie hospital onn to

a / ,rnat extent aot <aa a clis{TO)stio,thesapeudio -ind Rose iroh

Centre for throat oanoer*

29* Tho F '-riily Wolfaro Profr'inao la a oantrally sp nsorud

sohene an*: tho Status and Union Territories oomtlnue to rtioeiv* 1

100^ assistfunoe for the purpose, Startin/' as a- j'lan sohcnae it

has ’lewn aade a oonoiLrrvjnt sul>jeot effeoti^/o f'mn 1977» B -th at

the Oentro-l and State level .‘i ntron^ org misati n ia iiiploiaent.ln/.

the schei.ie and is one of the iteas in the 20 Polntfk; I’ror.rMiruie.

30, In Liost of tlio tribal ar^'as in this rcljf lon. this pro(^~

r uiiiie has received a bDostt by /■ivlnf, special atreso in Maternal

and Child Health SerArioes as well ajj the judici ous iupl<f4aontation

of the Niitrltion prograiines.The protection of m^>thera ainat

tetanus ao well as the prevention of deficiency diseases inolu-'

ding anaeuia rliîn/ the pre-natal puriod h is helped nothers to

B\irvive tho ordeals of prefmanoy and of delivering!, live healthy

babies-nothera thus response Liore to Pa..iily Worf^re PrograoiAe

wlteii they see tliat thetr children are alived and well. The

exp in led prograiAue rf li uiuunization bj protec tinr. new born babies

a,'ainst TuberouLosis bb G-OG vaccination and aâlnat diptheria,

tut inua and purtusuia 13; DPT oonbine vaccines and later by DT

oon!)ine vaccines,as well aa oral dr^^pa of the polio vaccines

hovo helped children not C)nly to fr<ie frou diaeaaes hut alar* to

;5row well, Vitaiiina epeci.iliy vitm.iin’A ’ auppliud to children

hive holped protect then agalnot nif:-ht blindnesnilcoora-'toualacla

ancl xerojihthaluia. The TOPS achoiie also supplied nutrition th~

r 'U/ ,h the sup lev.Leritary Nutrition Sohene,not only to the

3 )ta by theu the benefit of the Ii luujrilKation Pror'raLiiie

r‘-ferred to cx'yr\r i and freti Hiial+.h OViefik-iip nrvi <\rri;y for-

ha])ies but for uothera as well.

31 . 'rho Indian systeu of Modioine inciudue airion/5 othurs

Ayujôda,UjTi^nl|Natare Ouro,Yof?;a, Of those Ayurveda has riade soiie

dent in the health structure in the NE re/;ion# Ayurvedio systeia

of medicine was brought Into iironinence with the opening of the

Ayurvadlc Oollege at Jhalukbari,Gauhati*Somehow this Oollego

could not attract with good staff who cm id also undertfike

rOQoaixih on herbs and plants availnble in this region will bring

a lot of M.easing to this region*,It has been seen that there are

a nuxibur of patent medicine of Ayurvedic origin sellinr; in the

Groneral Phîriaaoiea3 and Drug Stores these days along with allopa

thic Medicines. The other non-a;j.lopatliLio oysteia of medicine in

vogue in the NE region is Homeopatliy. There is no Oolloge of

Homeopattiy in this region* States aend their nominees to Calcutta

4iid other places# A few Dispensaries and Oollege for teaching'

Homeopatliy may be sot uiJ in the re/'ion* It can ilso be cons id e--*

red by the Ministry of Health whether an experiment of having

an Integrated Indian Medicines System Oollege could be given a

ti‘i'\l by opeairg one such colle, e in North lâot*

32. There are Research Councils in these systums of

medj.ciae financed by the fJovt.of India, There are individuals who

are conversant with plants,indi^-v^neous to those areas some of

which have be^n tried in some ailments with rej')rtud success.

Sucli workers may be encouraged to go ahead with thuir research

w rics in consultation with the Eosearch Oouncilo*

3 3 . Rental problem is a common si^vht in this re/îon. It

..uxy be due to diet raficiency or unli^gienic habits right from

c hildhood or indiscriminate use of i.iedicinesi affecting the teeth

etc. It is also a well known fact that bad te>.th cm responsible

for hiost of the ills of the body. D e n t alcare, therefore, t'or is one

of the most ijiportant branch of medical services and it is felt

that only qualified and trained persons should bo jnvolvud in

it . The Dental Wing of the G-auhatl Mddical Oollege has not yet

beun able to IjfrAng out thclr 1st batch of students. With nome

more space added for the oollege and a h )st l1 for giria it

coiQd be converted Into a full flud/!fL,‘d Dentol Oollegu whJch

would Iju the first of ita kjnd in this region.

- 2 9 4 -

54. The broan Btrato,',y for the flualtK Buotor f->r thu

suvonth I’lfiJ:! ia indioatud bulow i*-

( i ) In the North Enstorn Re/'id)n,priLiciry he dth oaro

ohouici he aonordecl hif^h priority In the; pro, riiuio

for f]evelr)pnunt of Jiealth ani LieGHoal fa o illt l ‘;a

during the Seventh Plan period ,In a wider oontuKt,

the prof,rai,u.i8 of primary hualth oare f s.oiliti^js

aliould he oo-ordinated with the Mininiau Ne-de

Pro{;rai:uiti s>» that there nay liO an inte^^r vted dove-

lopi.ient of health and other faoilibiea liavin/,

bearing: on f.erieaial hualth like nutrJtijnal neaeur'-s,

water Bupply and a^nltation,hoiiaib/; eto. Ifc will oall

for proper inter-aeotoral linlia(';es.

(ii)F br b* it ter nedioal oovera^ e,the ]»0])Ulation health

centre rr-tio be fixed at one oentre for every

?000 peraons in the h ill are-'io ae againot the

existing] noriifl of one centre for 3000 popitlaUi.(m

in view of the difficult terrain and aparoe poi^ula-

ti on,

(ii i )T n thii plaina areaa one fully eq,uipped^ PHO ahonld

be availa])Ile at ejich B3iook headquartera which

beniuoa providing nm aal he(>lth coverage,ahould

ilao BU''C.rviae the work of a oliistDr 7 /8

Sub~Centrea.

^^^^/ill the District Hoapitala/ Diapenaariea in

the Statoa/UTa of the I’epion ahould have

iuproved facilitiea includilmg apecialiaed

■QJiita for dental care,i,iental care,diabetes

c\ coronary heart diaeanea aa well aa rehabili

tation centres for the pliynioaliy handicapped.

Each individual StateA^'nlon Territory ahoald.

fon.iulabe apecific acheaes for dfn/-eloping theae

facilltlepi midf ir tho ri+Ji PI

- ?93 -

(v) A Bohene of **Bare Foot Dootor” should bo

intiroduced in the far flarifi hilly areas and

other inacoessible areas. The Ohittaranjan

Mobile Health Unit node! which is in operation

in J&K sauixLd be cunbiduxwa ..doption with

nodifioations,if necessary,to suit local

conditions in this rep,ion. A slnilar scheno

has been experimented in Arunaohal Pradesh

and its perforrânce uay be reviewed.

(vi) In order to reuove the shortace of doctors,nurses,

ANMfti and other para-iiiedical siftuff,the existin^{

traiiiii]^ , facilities Wiould be augiiented subsba-

ntially . The indigenous Dai Syoteu needs to be

strengthened by arrangffeng training locally•

(v ii) Special prograiir.ies should be launched for

the control tmd eradication of coiuaunicable

diseases as well as diseases which have hit^\

incidence in the Hii.ialayan And BhlWIiiialayan

region mioh as Gôibre and G-astro—intestinal

diseases,

(v iii ) In viêw of this region 's record of relatively

high infant uortality rate and inadequate pre

ventive services lUte ii u.iunisation Miid distribu—

tion of nutrition suppleuents e t c .9j.1ass iiniauni-

sation iirogranu les covering BCG,DPT,Polio,Measles

ojid Tetanus vaccines should be launched# Atleast

7 5 of the target group should be covex’ed under

the nutrition progrJU-iiles as p9;i'*-' ‘t’he lODs by

the and of the Seventh Plan,

(ix ) As envisaged by the National Health Policy ,a

regional scher.ie needs to be fori.iulated for the

establishi-ient of a chain of s-initary-ci .i'-

epideuiologioal stations to identify,plan and

provide prev enti proi 10 tlvo and nental health

care nervioea.

- 296 -

^ 297 -

%

(x) Simoe the NH) ROf' lon is eridowocl with vaat herbMl

reBOiiroog ami Mdilioin'il pl:infc0|a i.ivaiiufao-

tiiriiv; unit In the puhllo noot a’ ifihoald be aot

up within the >n,At tiiu aauu biue,a

neohanisu for siipply/delivury of rlrurs in ronoto

and inaooesBible aruae of the ru^jion aliould

bo (leveloped.

(xl) A fioy'iomkL Dru(' Oontrol Laboratory ehould he

set up in hhe re/rion with adequate faoilitien

for food anal3 0ia .

(:Kii)The (growth rate of population in the NE He^'ion

is nuoh above the all India ^-rowth rate ,a faot

that justifies talcing; up adequate fertility

reduotiDn Jieasui’es, Motivation of the people

should forii the cruoial part of the Fiuiily

Welfare Prorrai-i].ie and arrtin/'oaents for free

sterilisation backed by Inoentive iieaaurcs should

form the essential oovaponen^s of a n:issive drive*

^renter use should be nade of ‘Anganwadi* workers

for eduoatmg” .

(x i i i ) (rroundwater haaR^d water supx>ly systevas,whon^er

feasible,are eoononioally laoru attractive that

surface water bases supply systems with treat-

nent plants.Extensive groundwater ex,)loration

should, therefore,be carried out,bdith in h ill and

valley areas t ) ascertain the feasibility of

/■'•roundv/ater as source for oounuuity water supiply

systeiis in the re/'ion. The recent success of

exploratd).cjx dril Lin/; at Bairapipara i.n West Qaro

Hills by OGWH furid in the GrSI couplex at Shilling is

onooura/;in(' .The water is cliej.iically and baotori^*

olof-ically piare,

(xiv) Goitre and. Rental dooay nre known to bo enelertic

in iiany hi] 1 areas of the -a i -i

studies with special enphaeis on hydro-geoioth.oraioal

as )ects of woter supply should be undertaken*

CHAPIER IV . 1 4

bAlMKlHi:: FiVCXLlTIES

For an 'Ver^.ll soci'il an;) economic growth thv

r lu of oonimurGiai bankfi lias bt come very r.ru#lal In these

d?r/3 . The *Sool-;il B'TnkJ.ng.i. ooxicept h is tremtiri'l )usly gained

,j uind. Now that ?.0 banks h w e btôn brought und(,'r the fold

of natl;>nailsntion, thf? notion's expoctotlon hoa, nîturolly,

gone up, HJn tho dt->volopmunt of bRckword nigL ns, In p irtlcul-ip,

thu rolo of oommerctal b'lnka nnd othtir fInanclol Institutions

Js vciry important. The brinks hove hern j^laylng an inciteoaIngly

st^nii leant rofe In tht- < ievelopint-nt of tho region, Nutnbi.’r

‘)f branches have gone up, rurv\l branches have tome in operation

as well as credit extension hos been there- in all the soctorû

'îth r;s ; ect to deposits on i credit, it is only

Gauhai:! and Shillong/, fr-)m this region that •lusQlflod am'fng

the l.)p 100 CfcSlitrGs ( as on June 1983 •) Wi th, M offti^GS Gauhatl

hod depositv*? of te. 184.16 lakhs and thus captured the 28th

p)siti">n. With respect to credit it captured 33rd positlom with

Rs* 93*10 lakhs of amount as C'n that date (these oenti'<L s t ogether

■^cc:)unted f'^r 60 ,7 p»er cent of de'posits -md 69 ,4 pey cent of

credit^, Shillon^^ captured 84th position (with 24 ffl«es ,

Rst 63 .96 lalthi4 -'f deooslts) with respect to deposits ,

5* The main thr\ist c;=»mo from the nationalised banks

(* >T. l) Group, Their 430 branches (June 1983) w>?jpe responsible

f ;r fc. 439 .6 6 lakhs ^f deposits and Rs. 195.13 lakhs of tre d it .

Assam had the largest share, 331 Assam's such b»amches accomnti.^d

f^r Rs,344^2‘5 laklis of deposits and Rs, 157.'-»8 lakhs of credit,

Nationalised Banks' (Or, II) contFlbution is

als > )n the rise, their semi'-urbfm branches leading; the 13 st.

Other schu'iuled commercial banks also concentrated im Ass ?m

( 4l out of 4? such branches beiii j; there wi+ii vi »'+.i

respeaenU't 1 on- in m n ipur, Mj ram •

- 2 ^ % -

Cl _2

Deposit pattern (if SCBs) '-h )ws th it c ontribution

of tv-'rct dap>.!.';.its v as hlght'St, f )lljw*':d by sovlngs oxvX currerxt

A.ieygslt3,. This is truu fîr NE rQgi,.)]:i i whole, but dios

m t h;-Id good for all of the oonstl tuonts. For- ux .tuple, in

co.se if Mizoram the main flow comt; from curi’cnt, followed by

savin^ ’s and term -dco^csits, But tixceptin, , Manipur ond Mizor -im

the regV~)ns shared the hierarchy~tLrm, savings and current,

6, Regr-rding branch exiTansiin^ the rur il regions’s

share was highest, Particularly in St'^tes like Arunechal

Pradesh, Mizoram, these branches virtually overcast the

j’ti^îons*.

7. Assom, which accounted f )r the maximum quantum

of crêdit ( Rs. 219,0855,000), channelled most part to the

industry sector ( 4o,4 per cent). (Ir'Up-wise the f »od manu

facturing’ and pr'^ceaaliig (mainly tea processing;;) Textiles,

'paper, *paper pyo.ducts and printing, leathr»r and leather

p r 6 d uo t s , c h e m 1 c f\ J.. s and chemical p ro d uc t s, vtdi 1 c 1 e s p art s a n 1

tr^nspjrt equipment and the engineer!ng sections aldo grabbed,

a gO'Kl amount. Agriculture which captured 28 ])er cent ol'

.outstanding: credit, mainly c jrnposed <.'f the ;llr 'ct fin ince

( 20^5.,per cent). Other sections which g-' t bigger shai'es

Include ’\fholesale trale and ortisan-craftsmen. Muml er ^f

acc junta was particul irly higher in f;ho case oi' tr ide and

agriculture sectors,

B. For Nagaland,als;, Industrial aivances remained

at the top (mainly fo ul manuf acturln/j and pr'Cessinf^), One

Interesting feature j ,s about SSI advances for v;hich Ilag ilani

occupied as ffluch as ';ne~.f'ift(i i f total outstanding- credit, j

Fvon f ir Ass'^m this was only fl,4 per c;ait, in Manii'ur, tr ^nsp

operators coj.'tiii'ed the biggest shars- (29.3 per cent)^ ^)]i.)\^red

by trade (22.2 x er cent) and in lustry (2^.5 pei’ cent). Tt. a

processing electricity gen*^r d,l.jn, tranamlsBlon and distribu

tion were the main occupants. D1 r'.?ct finance in the agriculture

sector ? nd retail tn^da in the tra'i.e sv3ctor acc 'unted for

othar uiajor functions by In.Hliutiona.l fin nci^. F'Oi’

Meghaioyn the Industry sector g t tno lowest u 'Stion (13 .8

per cent); the share of 3SI bein,., as low aa 3 .3 pvr c-^nt,

Traiisj'ort operators 24 ,2 per cent, trnda (2 3 per ccnt mainly

re t il l ) the direct' agri oultui^H flm ncc (2 1 , 8 pur cent'* were

the main derann^lers.

9. For Tripurt^, trte f^^rlcultura (mainly .lirect)

finance was V:'ry (29 .9 per cent). Industry th< re get

16 .3 per cent c,n<' the sh^'re of SSI was 6 . 6 per cent. Toxtllis,

t e a 'processing' Wf;re the major focal points. Transport operat

ors g jt a £T'’od share (29 .4 per cent), foJ lowed by ret^ill

tr-viln^;^'

10 , A definite pottorn can, therefore, be noticed.

In s ;me states the farm sector dominatod, while in others

tr lusport operiibors did th- same. The reason for such is not

difficult to unvierstani. The bncik\\» ard regions development if;

bcin^j fostered by the trade--transport financing. The only

eisrcex'tion is Tripura, where lirect landing to agriculture

d >minatGd, pointln^^ thereby th t banks -iBwull as developmental

a^Koncles in tlio Gwernnrnt have been able to motivate farmers

lu geaeratlr.i^. c ’e-dit demands on the banks* ?'>or share small

scr;'J.e 1 n:iu:.trl':->q sector, as a universal phen.mi .imanon In Ncji-th

East, is a matter f 3r concern as this is the main activity

v/hich can absorb the diversi f icati')n ' f rural traditional

economy and amell the jjvJng conilltJon i f a large number

-■'f I'eople.

- 3 0 c "

' 301-

APPrtuCH AiJD 3TR-d'Ii'-<Y

'iI , Br^Jich ICxpnnsi' n In the JM-orth E ' storn R:j ,1 ''vti

1I

t II I , The present jiHcturcj of ijankin/ in tho regi on is as under :

i*N^me of the ’Ipresent 1 Fi Snr inch^^end- £\cidl, ~J T fcredit D-.-p '8it St -itt,/UT |'(RBs N ). i K i s -jf hn.!; k-’eqiJ i o Fat lo as m

bf br nch! B 3S ^s jn June,1983

mBs 1 irrm-h rum- ft jbecombjr, 1981r w s . If V ** * ' ■■V*-” -xees

____ 1 ____1 . Assam

2 . Ariui' ichal Pradesh

3 • Meghalfiya

4 . Mizoram

5« Nagaland

6 , M 'mi pur

7 . Tripura

Total

653

31

79

15

50

44

88

L 3 _ 1 5 ;^ 123 115

nt ufiti,4prch 51. fsinct- J 985_ j _ \k_m___

A., J ^ 8 -

584 43 ,04

13

1

1 1

53

28

15

19

4

23

31

469

5

17

3

1 0

37

12

3 3 15*f50

32 20,2

22 10.9

14 34.8

60 35.7

43 66.00

jer ji i*s pc r lutilisa-

... I I

76.6

2 2 .^

15.3

>3.'7

2 9 .4

42.8

51 .1

960 11 201 235 553 788 40.8 6 2 .5

S ource : Nj C SocrGtariat.

B'rom the ab)ve t ible it is cle'^r th ’t at the inoment th -re a re 960 b ink

branches in the region as n .Tune, 1983 nn;l to att-dn the nati')nol

objective :>.f one bank t:- cov.- r 17,000 populati on by March, 1985 tne

Noi'th E'^stern flegion would need 786 additimal banJ bronches which

compriBos .>f 235 pendin/ , licences plus 553 additional requirement

of branches as per the new branch llcencii^^ polioy of the R>:serve

Bank of In U a , List of identified centres which the RBI had sought

fr im St vte/bT Governmc-nts has been submitted by most 'f the St ites/dTs

Til .1 3 ,;f t.he 3tnte/liT Govts. which hove n')t yet sul3mittei'l the list

sh )ui.d ..expedite In sendin^^ the list jf identdfied centres to the RBI.

The RBI shi)ull expedite th? allotment f br uiclh's and the n«.?cessory

lic'.ences >n a priority basis, s. t;hot the Commerciol Banks :-\ni Rugi- na;

Rur d Banks flaicti:>ning in the region ai:; ? in a p isitl^n to )bt dn the

required number of 788 branches by March 1985,

^ 2 . As i'or the 7th P I *n, thî r>npuiati n pe r br nch w ill

have to be brought down to 5 , 0 0 0 in th^ h i l l "<a th j

population is very ncatturud and the terr^d.n is d i f f i c u l t .

Sim il- rly , in the p la in .'if Asfârn, uiipur on i Tri uro our

endeaviUir sh alld be one hr nch for ;i p .pulati .n of 1 0 , 0 0 0 people,

Crt-iclit Deposit Ratiot

On scrutiny of the Co]., No, B )f the abovd table It

is jns rv.:d ttuit v/hj.le t.he all India Credit Dep!.)sit HaLii) as on

Novembor 19B3 had touchid 65.4 tho region’ , fworage Is only 40*8

v/hich is much belov; the nation-l objective of 609fi crt^dit de],)osit

ritio sot by hhe Ri.il f-<r Commercial IBanks by March 1979 and if

wo FOG the irasiivi.iual n t io of the States/f.n’B of ih(- region,

it Is obsGrvcd that th : credit ie}.'Oslt ratio in Mizoram is the

lowust in bho v^rinxi^ ^mioh IB 13*7 in August 1983. The

Commerci il >3 inks should therefore, step ui> their ci'odlt actlvlt-

las in the re^ i n to attain the natiional )bjective of 60% credit

d.cpaslt ratio, Similarly, the Stat/HT Govts, in the region

Bh )ul 1 provide the nocosanry infravîtructural facilities to the

CommGrciol iânks on>:l RRBs so th'?t the credit demand incroases

ci edit dcp sit rati.:i is to operate departmen'kal activities on

Commercial lin'is by floating various st ite-run Corporations

idk'-. Raad i'r msport Corponti m, Plantation Development

Cor, oration, Mineral DirVo lopment C'riXtration etc, by these State

/dx vts, in the region, which are still running it on Mepart-

tfiumta., lines financed by budgetary grant. Such Govt, sponsored

Cori orohlans can avail of bank finance for thejr v/orking

capital an well as terui lo-m requirements and thus h.^lp in

increHîlng ttu _rrr'idlh deposit rati;) .f the region,

‘ up -f d X nol. Jiiiônal Rural Banks •

At the moment there are 1 1 RegJ.onPl Hank*^ in

the N .'rt.h EasterTi Re^îori as under

- ^ 0 ^ -

303-

SI • Ho Nani':' -"f State/UT no of

1. Assam 5

n ^ A r 11 m n h 1 1 ■ 1 e fi h 1

3. Mut,,halaya 1

4, Manijiur 1

5. rilz rrani 1

6, Na r aland 1

7. Tripur .1 1

Tnta] ”TT

Out of the 11 RliBs, ?. have boon rcoently set up, m e each In

Union Territory of M izinni mid Arunachal Prndesh in tho months

of September md Movomber 1983 rospuetlveay. Thus one f th.

recommendati m ■>f the Amb<ig»innkor Coinmittoc, which v "s c->n«titut-

ed by the llBI to Study the fl-.'W xf o r o U t in the North Eastern

negjon hoa been fu lfille d by establishing HJU at least (Uie e-»oh

In all the H il l Stntcs/UTs of th..- M H w f v e r , within

these Statos/UTs, there are iriarr/ .ilstrl cts which ar : stlJ 1 rr-t

cov.-'rerl by the fffiris. To f l l i the g-p four more Fll!Bs iiny be

est'^blished as under

j ) On.. - Id ltion 'l f v Mo'ThalByn w ith be

ot TurcT^or ripro~IlITTig»

y.t th.- mom. nt, ther.,' i s ■ niy 1 KRB in Mebhaliya wltli

headquarter at Shillong covering the lir.tricts if East .Wioal Hilj

V/.-.st Kiioal H i l l s and H i l l s . H-.w ‘Vor, thu most undc.r-

civjveloped areas o f JVIeghnl^ya vlzj Gpf H i l l s comprisl'ig tho East

and West Garo H i l l s d is tr ic ts aru- s t i l l n d. c o v e r d by t n y Further-rnorfj, the number uf sm^ill f u^meT's and arti.sans i.,a the

area is quite large and scattered . The present Bank br-nchea,

therefore , io not iiiLet the requirements of these small i aj-rnei's

and artisans a n l heiict, tliero is an urgent need for establishing^

anothei.' RRB f >r Garo FIllls wi tli hcradquari-er at lYira.

2>0 ^

Scittlty uj 'f 2 nkjre hiujfi f :>r Arun- ch-il Pr adc 9Ti” ~

One HRb has boyn recently set; up nt In

rijveniber, 19^3 whlcU will covi' r th ■ four (llst.rlcts f i'.ast

Slang, Wost Si^ng, Low^r Siibanslri nnd Upper Sub^nslri, Thus,

thure -ire still llstricts In which n t c 'Ver..?.] by

finy HKB nt the moinQnt* Fui'’tht:rm''r , the area c-f AP ps blj g er

■f.han that of Assam, c .'inprisin ;; -f difficult terrain md

scatter--.;vi ])opu3 atlon. Thus 2 ni:)rG RRBs f r AP, one with

hoadqu.arter '-'t B'rruli ala an! -thor with h. noquartrjr at Zlro

or Tezu, depenrliri '- upon the. oonv3ni :-nC' nf tho UT Govt., may

bti established.

, i l l ) Sotflng up o,f another IdlB for Nagaland withhoadquartGr ot Mokakchun-r ______________________

/'^ the mv>mc!nt, ht‘‘.* Nagaland Rural Bank with

headquartcr/K )htraa is operottni;?; In the State• H'wover, thou^^h

the Control GoTt. h'^s decl''red the entir - State of N;’galand

and IS its are? <'f operation it is not practicable for the

presc-nt i<liB to crve';p the entire State with Headquarter at

Kohima, in viev; jf Aifflcult terral n and scattered population,\

Therefore, iru ther HRb for Nagaland with headqu-u’ter at

Mokokohun,, t'l cover the districts of Mokt)kchung', Mon, Tuensang,

and Shiineboto may be (^stabl ishod.

4• ■.Toint Trainj . I n atjtute for Rl< 3_ stoff

At the monu titt thi,re are 1 1 RRBs v/ith 201 branches

In the ref,ion, 4 more RR{. s are likely to come up in the near

future. On ■in avurige, oi e FiRB should have 70-80 branches to

moke it viable. This meanj there would be 1100 approx* braneheB

of tlie HRj>g in the region It times to come and the presenl.

policy of the RBI and O.U.T is to encourage RRBs to open more

brinches in rural areas, where they are ostoblished. On an

aver 'ig ;, a-R'HB branch would have a strength of > A Btaff membif-t'S

Th'»t menns, in time t) come, the strength "f RRB staff In the

' i O b -

region would txi T,r'.mnd 4000 and tJne le w e such i large segmumt

of RRB st i f f untr lined, would jeopardise the w ork in g o f RRBs/

pii 't lcul ii ly in viuw u f th e fact th it they h w e to pi ly an

import int rule in the working RRHs. I t i s , therefore , sugges

ted th it NAliiRD sh )uld take lead in e s t a b l is h in g a Region il

In s t itu te far tr lining RRB s t a f f .

5 . In t iq ra te d Rural Deve lopment Progr.iiTiiae

Under the In tegi ited Rur il Duvel jpmenli Pr'gr.imme,

the S tate /U T Govt, are supt^osed t j l in k th e ir subsidy wiiih 1 >ans

from B m k s , However, the G jvt, of Nagaland md Meghalaya have s t i l l

n 3t linked th e ir subsidy with 1 )ans from banks and thus the banks

have no role to play in these S t a t e s . On the one h md, t±ie credit

deposit r iti j of these S_^ates are at a low side anci on the ot,her

enti there is no involvement jf banks in important schemes l ik e

th \t )f IRDP . The Mizoram Govt, h is recently linked i t itleast at

those places where t he b inks ire o p erat in g . The Govt, of Nag iland

m d Meghalay :i should tJierefi;jre, take urgent-steps to l in k t h e ir

subsidy wlt.h b ink 1 >ans under the IRDP scheme. S im il iirly, all the

Btali^'UT Govts, should preparv IXvelopmental plans f-or^ :\ch block,

S'j th it the Levad Dank can prepare Banking plans fo r each block .

6 . S e tt in g up of D irecto ra te of In s t it u t io n a l

F in an c e .

-it the moment, only ass am is having a D irectorate

,)f In s t it u t io n a l Finance under its Fin.ince Department t j Co—o i d i —

n ite the a c t iv it ie s of tie State Govt, w ith t h e fin-mcial In s t it u

t io n s . In fact , the Reserve Bank o f In d ia and the Regional Con

su ltativ e Cjmmittee of Banks have recommended its way back in 1979

to all the State/TJT G jvt3 to e s t a b l is h such D irecto rate of Insti-

tuti )nal P’inance under t h e Finance Dep irtment. All the rjther S t a t e s /

UTS Govt , should t ik e urgent steps est iblish such Directora-i e

S ' that there is a yr jper co-ordination between t h e State Govts

and the Fiuaiicial In s t it u t io n s .

7 . S t ate Level Co-ordination Comniittee for Banks,

S t i t e L e v e l C o o r d i n a t i o n C a m m i t t e e f o r b a n k s h w e

30 G

bi :m fonnt:?'i la the St 'ti^s >f Assîii, Meghaliy<^» Iilput ni U

;)f /iruiMcha] Pridcsh Rri'l Mizoram. and M\ni:'ur \v-vc

n^t yet formed this Committees. This c)mMlttte 1.3 supp. êd t:

meut iicn in a qm rtur to t - >r ;in'-itc Idi., -ictlvit '3 betw en

St ate Govt:, an. !, th* Fin n'icial Insti tut i. )tis. Hew ’V :r, it h s

buen observed thot tht- meetings >t this committee iiul 1

it irregui ar interralB, Jt is , tht^rel-re, au^^./estel that the

MagalanJ and Manipur G rvi s shûl I immi:di itely f .'rm this

committee and all thu State/UT Govta should hil'd regul ii

(Quarterly ineetii^, it this committe'e t > sort out thulr bankiiig

problems.

8 , ri)i-th E_ »stern 1 n f i t tuent.

The above iastltuti >n st-rtud functl^mlng at

Gauhatl from December 1981. The molu aim behind the establishment

thi.s instdtute in thi- rogdon in to train both bank offic ia ls

as well as .Govt, o ffic ia ls in such areas of bank management

where the Govt, and banks have to w 'rk together, such as IRDt-,

Luad B^nk scheme, New 20-i)oliit Programme and scheme for

E.iucatod unemployed y-ûths etc. However, only few State Govts

like Assam have storttd u t ilis in g the services of this institute .

All the St'^te/lIT G wts >f the region may take fu ll advantage ;)1

t h i s i ns t i t u 1 1 •' n ,

mBAI-j DUVBliOPMiiim’ ,5; M1(hI!«'T0J

- 3 o 7 -

on:A.p'mt IV . 15 "

ion tib ix I’-iH't. paoe h. boeri u v/orXd

wide phenomojion frDrii whi(^h oiir nountry }i--l8 also noli rf^milnud

linboaohi^d* The aifcu tion In l'Jf,»rbh J5a‘:,t i:iny nob, l io v / e v jr ,

rollowing tixe nabijn-U, pabtern in f‘ ir aa iirbani/,abion

.1 a oonournod, 1 'o.r ono thin^f, the probl^:ni is aes yot lyolabed

and we no cities which, are reaching hresiiiin^ point.

1* 1 1 1 hor, du.- be av'-tilabiiiby of I?ind for expansion of uLrb-im

ta, ivfi-iJ.cibiijty of house sites is not yet a. gr<i'ti>e pi'ob^.er]

i iiiployraont opporbimitles has also by and large, kept pace

with the urban areas. However, as years pass, the

problem of findiiig gaini\il empLoyaient for .11 the growing

and mi^rrxtiii popalafcion w ill bo beooming rraver, partloalar-

ly in view of the in v is ib le , and often, illeg al Lilgrjtion

from across the borders. Further, forniuli .t on of each an

urban developraent is a ll the more esoontial for the

Norbh East as the existing lu-ban areas have only rudimentary

fa c il it ie s eind che growh of new m ‘bfin area,s has not followed

any plan .

following table represents the proportion

of urban and rur il population to their respeinttive totals by

Statea/'OI'a of the re^.^ion frem ly01 to I 9 7 I

Dlv

?'S'”SS" 'u £12 0 ‘-T "5]) HQ O'J f-Qyi 1 9 0 ' 1211C-t- 4- /T' r ’ '•3 L l; ‘ / w -L O y

ff?t

rn -t. TxC lia_L Pair til Urban

"tT ;i90i to vH) 11911(u) ;

t

’, 19 11 t o ; 1921 to :i93i t o ; 1!i92i ; 1931 :i9Ai : 1T f t I » t » 1» t ’ I

94 1 "uO j951 1

tf

1951 t o ;1961 ;

f 1 r

1961 to~I 1971

!tf

1901 to

1971

— —

’t1 f L 3 . : 4 ’, 5 f 7 .,, ;r

.... 8 ..[_ . .j9 . 10

Arun:?-3hal Pr^Bxletn ^ TS

- - +56.91+33.77

-

IT — — — — — — • • —

• O fc) —uiii IXJT''

-15,99-16,90^2C ,7s

+20 , 4'-h20, 0'7+56.56

+19 .95+19 ,7 1-27*56

+20 . 3^+2 0 . 15+25.95

+ "9.87+18.59+65.87

*35.06-30 . 9i

+%26.67

+54.95+52.65+64.85

+544.55+515.06

+1574 .05

Msj-ipurrp

“2 1 . 7 1 +10.92 -16.04 + U .92 +12*80 •►35.04 -57.53 +2 7 7 . 1 1 1Ru

+27.96 ^ 3.54

+11.95^ 7 . 1 7

+18.55 + 7 * 2d

-»'14. 6 'i+16. 2"

+59.59-9 7 . 15

+23.33 " 3C.?d +22E . 0'7+108.95

+558.80+95.88

(/a^

TpTT

-^5 .7 1-^H.95H n ?6

+ 7.21 + C.55 +26.15

+15.85 +12.12 “ 54c25

+15.59+15.94+45.95

+ 8.97 + 5.71+55.20

+27 .03 +19 . I4

+ ^ C ,75

+51.50+52.62+25.27

+197.10+161.26

+1429.67

oc

i

Mizcpcur. TRu

+10 . 64- +10,64

+ 7.90+ 7 . 9c

+26.42+26.42

+22.81+22.31

+23.42+25 .37

• •»

+55. 6-'-33.05

+1 0 5 . 1 5

+21.95+1 7.01+ I6U 84

+505.22+40^.i?1

+445.29■Mc-;..cf -1 • mX

HTJ

+46,75+43.91-21.66

+ 6.55 + 6.41+1 5 . 1 5

+ 6.04 + 5 .7 1 +2 7 . 1 1

+ G . 6 L/

+ S.-t5 +17 .6 2

-14. C7- 6.91

-364.41

+59.88 +52.86

+ i 68.28

+258.20 +196.65

+1561,62

Tripur c:, TEJ

4- 9 • «- • -r'-'-35. 4? 5 . 4s

+52. 5 9^+55.13+15.55

1 +25-65+25 .67+25 .72

+54e14+52.48+34* 69

+2^.56+20.11

+14 0 .7 1

-76.71-7'i • 20

-‘*•41.81

+56.28+54.16+57.64

+797.95 -755. r

-2450.94

j. Xnd 4— THTT

- 5 .73 + 6.59 + 0.35

~ 0.50 - 1 . 2 9+ 8 . 2V

+11.00 - 9.97 -19.12

+14.25+11.81+51.97

+15.51 + 3.79— 1 .4 2

-21.52 _ 00. C£T-OC. -

+24.30+21.86+58.22

-129.64-106.21-521.95

Xffilnor jase, T” )In '-/orking o\it

ecreasc, negligible* ^ Gensusc^^ fcr^tne xirst percentsgti decade variatiox. for '!941~;?15 1951“ *

tir-e ill "! 9^1 •1 and 1901 - 1971 , the 1951 , 1 96 'i =' 1 in 1M7 !

3G?

p n p u l a t i n n f o f Tumi s. rnq D i r r l r i c h hav/t nr- t hr on hakf:nn r n i - u s f r f o r I h t f i r s t hjniF

1 ri 1 ,‘5 1 and the SrUiiR ai'8 not Qornpa ralj l e ,f ■>

~ T ! ' , ' f A q u i E < i of K f i r b l Aiiqlonci D i s l r l c t fnr 1 f i l , 1^11, 19?'l nnd 1931 art nch a \ ( : i \ i a h ] e .

Si'Urcf:! rhu Hff lrr n)' the Hpq.istrer r t ni ral a nri C' n jus r.nrninisslofirir nf Tndia.

(soiirrr • Flaair S ts K1at.tr: of riE )

Thr, n u t , t a l l g r o i j t h o f pnnnhU- i nn i n i l i e heqi ni . i nc)

of l-.hf, centrury t i l l in;ii nnt htnh In thf r , n ' ’on. In

for.t, tho grauth r = tr>a ur.ri Irjutr thj.<n i n r ’ .inr ilBnndr in

crutu.in 3t3tfB/lJTG In this ptrior). Thn cormenanrllnq qiouth

.in urbon population uns much hlghe.t diirinq that p'lirio rl. From

1‘'51 to 1'-R1 qr,x/th ret. both of tnt-i] nnrj iiihDn p 'p u l a t l o n

ijcre urry hlqh ao i.nmpored to r.8rJ1f.r decode p . The urban

qiDuth t r u - of Wt.nl pur durinq the dr;cede 1P41-P1 was m tntlue

I-Jhjle frnm 19fi1-61 ph. nnmena 1 ] y hlr.)h du6 to tlie f int that

n 1V?1, iMphal toLin uhlch uasi i-lnas JI c.ity u p s reduccd to

nlfjE.s VI status -Jiin to dri.l 1 nent ion, o f tht ai'ra. Thus tiv

iiihon popu.lstlon tlecrcasBd repu ' t lng in nf.gattwe orouth. In

" Ijil-M tlpradc, thp ort»a unr. rfga.inoil . 'nd th.iK th^rn u a ,-5

ppctitptMiJar rate of groiith during thi. dfecadn. Th. sharp 1 n-

crnitsv In tht. urban qrouth rata diiiinq 19A1-B1 i,, nxplalnPd

by thE. ht-avy infl.uax in th: r:itles due to the oortit ion of

thG country,

.':ht groL.th of urban popuJation

hr !o tb E,,st, Tbt rural-urban populstjori composition

of the North E,n3tcrn Rtgir.n .1. g i . e n in the folio,jing tablo,

’?sar'f: - - 1 ............... - " - -----„ ________ __ ____________ ____ P n p 111 n t, I. n n -

7 - — ------ * — S ' ~ ~ — 2 — . E ^ ^ Z i n m r i 'i'si4i04f-:?.77O I . 6 0 ( 6 . ' i ; n 4,;>7?

1091 41185^90.2?:) i , p n ( : i . 8 < ) 5 ,nR9-iq' i 5 / 5 9 ( 9 6 . 0 0 % ) 2 , 3 5 ( 3 . 93te) 6 004

2 .B7(4 .1 'K^ 7,17:=;

]lVl o a o J ^|6V(4.3“/J a,51fligri 4 , 6 0 ( 4 . 5 " / 4 1D,?h3

1 ^ / 5 4 ( 9 0 . 1 0 , 4 7 ( 9 . S^) 19,581

Source : 1) Banir; Statlntic.s of Ni (19RJ' ) ,

2 ) Ctinsus of Indio publicai ; ion.

P r o p n r t i n n o f Uifcaii p o p u l a t i o n bo r u r a l p o p u l a -

t j or i fias i n c r e a s e d v/ary e l u g q i s h l y ower t h o dpcadt:6 19 11 to

19b1 and r e moi np d u i t h i n 4-f5 p p r i e n t o f t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n i n

t h e r e g i o n . I n 1961 t he [ j o p u l a t i o n i n c r e a s e d t o 7, f) and 9, 5

p e r c e n t r e a p e c t i w n l y . T he p r o p o r t i o n o f ur b an p o p u l a t i o n

s t i l l r e ma i n s u e r y l o u as compar ed to a l l I n d i a , u h j c ' i i s

1 9 , 9 p e r c e n t i n as a g a i n s t 9.F) p e r c e n t i n t h e r t - , ion.

• Tht:' ur i i an c e n t r e s i n t h e N o r t h f- .aetorn Ren i o n

r e ma i n e d same i n t h e r e o i o n e x c e p t a r o u n d B r a h ma p u t r a \/al l ey

f r om 19G1 to 1951. T he mai n c ; o n c e i i t r a t i o n o f ur b an i t r e s

i s a r o u n d B r a h ma p u t r a w a U e y . The f o l l o u i n q t abl . e i n ' . ^cate-

t he q r o u t h o f tou/ns f r om 19(11 to 1901 ;

T a b l e No, 5

- 3 10 -

St ai . ea/ UT a |___ Number o f t o un s

Assam 12 14 22 22 24 25 5 3 72 a 1f'l a n i p u r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R 30n G q h o l a y a ^ 1 1 2 2 2 6 6 12Nacjalafui 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3T r i f j u r a ] 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 7A r u n a c h a l Praf i esh - - - 4 10

.1 7 n r a m - - ~ - 1, 2 6

T 0 1 a I : 1 6 18 26 2? 29 :5n 72 1111 149

( Sourc: £! - C e n s u a o f I n d i a )

-f

7. T h e nbowp t a b It; ! b r i n g 3 o u t t he g r o u t h 0 f t( :'.'ns i nblie r e g i o n . In 1 9 n i , t he t o t e ] numhe r o f toun u as o i.: ' 16 o ft e a e 12 b f; i n g j n t h e 13 r a 1 ima u 1.ra ' ua 11 e y and one ea c ' inHani p u r ( Impha J ) , Plegha 1 aya ( Shi 1 l o n g ) , N a g a l a n d ( Kohi Hc l andT r i p u r a ( A q e r t a l a )' , rrnm 19111 ) o 1951 , ttie number o f l unsi n c r e a s e d o n l y a r o u n d Assam UaJ.li y uj j t h o n l y one addJ t 1. on illl l egt i al aya i . e . Joi . iai t o u n . 'I he q r o u t h o f ur b an c cnt j c - ; ] t ook

[ i l oce a l l o v e r t he R e g i o n f r om 1961 o n i m r d e . I n i n 5 v r . i 1 and

1961- 71 denar i es, t h e t o t a l number o f t nune i n t h e r e g a i n i n -

c r e a s B d f rom 30 i n 1951 t o 72 i n 1961 and 101 i n 1971.

0. ThB 9i 7 G n f ur bhH rMi nhrfs in 19CH, r enomJ fvnw

F,rj l ] to 2D, 0r in p e i F ' . n a n n l y , the tnb- , 1 U f t -n no p ijl at, ioti b t i n q

1 , f i B , 4 3 7 , T hP n m u t h n f u r b un r r - n f r p p nnH the: rn rrRa(. innrl i ng

p o n i i l p t l r i n UBTO l l m i i y r ! t J l l u h i r h u a r rii^^inlv riuc t n

, - j t w h 1 i s h i n g n e u a d m j n i s i r n t iv/ti n e n U f : : , a n d f & u r - i - i l ' . ' a y t a u n

■tnd t e a J n d L i s - t , r y . l n f < n t , t h ^ ni l i n i n i p h r a I i ■, 1 n i U j r - t , r j a , l ,

n f u l 1: g mill r r r i a l l i o v r I a p n i F n i g u b p i y v G n - i d u p i m l y G l ' t F - r i n d a -

p ^ M i d i ^ n c H i B b d l r t q t o B i n n i f i i ^ s n i r i s e j n u r h n n r o n t r n p a n d

i i r l ) a n p u p u l a t i n n p r n u t h o f r u b s n p n p i i l n t i ' ; n d u B t n p a r t i t i n n

uof;^ i ^ l s D f n o T L I n u r L i a n t h a f i i n t h e r u r n l o r i g i n s u h j c h .1 es i : w i d e n t

f r o m the.' d a t & . S i z e c l a a a o f t n u n s i n ME i s q i v e n b e l n u :

Tahlo : (;

- 3 1 1 -

Tft a t B b n 'c la ’Sl 7 tnasfT'll ;■ a n r ^ i CJaBs'IClaan

mnnon rinnnn - i 2nnnn -* \i\i 11 , 0 0 , 0 0 0 ’ 5 0 , 0 0 0 | i n 0 0 0 - ’ 'jOOO-jJbas

, . ' ■ 2 0 0 0 0 I 1 0 0 0 0 Jthan jI 1 » ( BOOO •

r a t a l

A s sani 1 9 26 23 B 72

11 E Q \\ a 1 a y a 1 1 1 3

!'iatii p ur 1 /i • T 8

M a g r: 1 a n iJ - *•* 1 n - 3

T r i p u r a 4 «. /I 1 - 5

Ariip; ; c h p l [ ’ r a d e s h

— ~ ■ "• 1 3 4

P' Hp ram

{ 0 ^ | 5 v l

1 1

. : 3____

2

17 101

( Sot i rpp ; Census n f I n d i a )

fhp f o u r c l a s B I t uun s or p Ooufia t i , S h .1 110 n g ,

I mnhal and A p a r t a ] a e c p o r d i n g tn 1‘‘-'’71 Can 3 u 5 , D u r i n g ' 1971- 81

d G P a r| R , 1: I r a at o n r o r t u n t n u n a i n Assam ar e B K p e 0 1 f d t o

n c n u i r t , c l n s ~ l s t a t u e , f l o u P V F ’ r > i n n h s r - n r f - n f I ' M H n ^ n n u a

f o r A s E - a m , t h i s a a p h o u e \ / e r r o n i a i n s t n he f l l l y 4 ^ -_Tt>e,.r>rou-tt\

o f t h e a b n v D f o u r t o w n s o r e g i v p n h e . l o u :

- 3 1 2 / -T a b l e Mo- 7

T o u r i E ______________________ 1 9 / ; ^ 1 ______________________ .1 9 7 J_ __________ 1 9 B 1 _________________

GbuhetJ Ufi 1 , 0 7 , 2 0 3 2 , 0 0 , 3 7 7 N.fl.

B h n i o n q UA ( 1 II ) 1 , 0 2 , 3 9 8 1 , 2 2 , 7 !j2 1 , 7 5 , 1 0 0

I m p h a l U A ( l l ) 6 7 , 7 1 7 1 , 5 4 , 4 2 1

figartala Ufl 1 , 0 0 , 2 0 4 1 , 3 1 , 5 1 3

( S a u r c B s Census o f I n d i a )

T he lnrc)£;Bt numbGi: o f i,ou/ne P o l l i n t h p s l z B - c l a o S y C l a s s I \/A i . e . p o p u l a t i n n u l t h i n , ODO -

^ jjj ojJ_r F~g r c e and N i gra t i o n ;

10, Of t he t h r o e ccimponf’nt n f g r n u t h o f urtian p o p u l a

t i o n v/iz. n a t u r a l g r o u t h , n e t m l c j r a t i o n to ur ban c e n t r e s

and g r o u t h o f neu t o u n s h l p and e x p a n s i o n o f e x i s t i n q ur ban

c e n t r e s , i t i s d i f f i c u l t to i s o l a t e t h e g r o w t h duo in i n d i -

v/idual f a c t o r s e p a r a t e l y , N a t u r a l g r o u t h o f t he ur b a n p o p u l a

t i o n i s e x p e c t e d to be m a r g i n a l u i t h i n t he t o t a l g r o u t h o f

ur b an c e n t r e s , G r o u t h due to r n i g r n t i o n i s b o i n g d e a l t i n

t h i s c h a p t e r ,

11, The m i g r a t i o n dat a ar e \/ery much s u s p e p t i b l e to

changes i n S t a t e and D i s t r i c t b o u n d a r i e s . l /aryi ng c o n c e p t s

anti d e f i n i t i o n s and c o v e r a g e i n c o l l e c t i o n and t o t i u l a t i o n o f

da t e a l s o e f f e c t s c o m p a r a l i i l i t y o f d a t a owor t i m e , D e c l a s e i -

f i c a t i o n o f a r u r a l a r e a i n t o u r b an and v i c e - u e r s a a l s o a f f e c t

mi nni tuff l e o f d i f f e r r n t t y p e s o f movement . I n I n d i a n Census,

t h o s e l i m i t a t i o n s c o u l d not y e t be f u l l y t a k e n c a i e o f , F u r -

i . her , ttif census t a b l e s ar e based on sompl.e dat a such l i m i t a

t i o n havye to be b o r n e i n mi nd ul ien u s e d , U i t h t h o s e l i m i t e -

■I i o n s an a t t e m p t has been made t o a n a l y s e o n l y 1961 and 1971

m i g r a t i o n dat a m a i n l y n f Assam, f^cqhr^laya & T r i p u r a *

12, Assam, H e g h a l a y a arid T r i p u r a ar e t h e t h r e e moat

v u l n e r a b l e ' Stai . ce i n r e g a r d to i r i i q r a t i o n i n tl ie r e g i o n , ^

M i o r a t l o n due to p a r t H i i o n had been s p e c t a c u l a r i n t hesE t h r e e

S t a t e s , p a r t i c u l a i‘ l y i n A^ssem and T r i p u r a ,

13, Tht: f o l l o L i l n q i . abl e gi\/es t he i n t e r s t a t e m i g r a t i o n

o f As Bam ir» p e r c e n t i n 1961 by f o u r t> pos :

‘ ' 3 » B -

a'able Ho. a

Aaa;un Static }- 1.S61 Ceii^, a --- ^

Hurai to Rural 73,2 • . 50,0

Urban bn .Fhiral 2.3 10,0

Jtoal tu Urban 18.3 10.

Urban to Urban 6,2 20.9

14* The following table glveo the 1971 ooneuB data for

a ll the States and TTTg of the regj.on basftd on one percent

a imDle s

Table

Volume (in iTondred) of inter-staxe in cmd out mie.rarios classified by typ^s of movement

£)Xaue/uT 1 In—Mlez*: 'thit rant s

\ Horal to .1 ±tLiral._ j n r b ^ _ ’ r:: ' tV-^ m t/O-____ ^ • t

a td Urban to ^J^ban to iRural to J E?.iral to JUrlDan to » Urban to; 5:ar:-l JJrban

’ Wo'P

^ u r a l

E>.l55Pn

J Urban ; ? . ' 12 13

’fBuralfp'

1 A

’ Urban_r~P« lya i?'

15 1o 17

i.ssam 3253 34 1037 ^ > 325 39 437 42 656 45 315 39 240 50 416 50

} ag al and 125 18 16S 12 36 34 52 23 51 61 11 64 20 60 17 47

anipur 154 36 25 32 30 34 18 23 43 40 21 33 19 42 29 46

i.runaebjal151 26 42

r-rj 1 45 38 16 38 20 50 10 20 5 75 2 50 ' 1

Iradesii

Tripura 156 52 9 56 41 51 24 50 180 48 67 34 24 29 57 54

\K egh alaja 139 41 138 27 62 37 151 44 123 44 13 46 47 49 61 62

r : rersons*

F 2 Females

(Source : Census of India)

S I T

1 3 , Tn AsBam, thn Inter-Btj.tt? m.igratlon e hov-B pre*^

eminenoe of riirni to rurtul i n ’niigr^t 1 on qb v;ei l n of; out

mi gra t ioy\ (in 1971 o e na ua ) over oth e r t y] > e of m t )vt niie n t, r i' s\il 11 ng

in net balance of 2‘597^^0 In-mlgrnnto in the atate, Tnter-atato

rural to rural in-”iiilgrati on of so high vc l.uii>3 Is an unexpeote-d

pht noinenoti. TIk moat acoeptfibie reasoti envitdanyd Ifci the influx

of tea-garden labourerH and labourB for ©.moGruotion work and

other projects. Rural to Urban migration f low in the a bote la

103‘/l'0, out'-'ini grot ion being -515 0. The not less In rure.1 popu^

lation hj/ Ini.er ntate rnigrntion waB thufc T^/'OO pornonb in th(-

afcatb, Ruj‘al bo ui'ban niigration flow it) net neceBsaivily du$ I.0

the pull of urban centres hut could be dia bo economic Btretê

rather than re^l demand for ’>irban develo[)me.nt, rt^sulbing in J ow

prodactjv# aotivitioa. Baiancu of urban to rurol intur-êtate

mlgrntion in the state wos negligible as oompfi-r'ed to total

population of the state, rjj’ban to urban in and out-migration

was ?ix\i:iro.\imabi:;ly of the srrnie order, net halanoe being 2100

^persons in the sbabe. Urban to ui'ban migration cc uVd be mainly

due to change in the working place, transfer of jobvS and for

suoh other roaaons.

1 6 . ABBam m igration data lnol\idea Miaornjii a la o . "Qut

m igration is ntigligible in Mii^,oram and c o n tr ib utio n to Migra

t ion data due to Mi;^.oram may he n e g l ig i b l e , 1 ‘ ) 71 ceneue data

do nc-t re v e a l the eixtenb of M igration from Banglndesh .

17* Jvl Meghalaya, rui'al to imtjal in-miginvbion and out-

raigration are I’eoorded bn bhe extent of IB9 OO persons and

12j)00 peraons reapectively with a net leiô in the rural popu"

lation in the Btate as 6700 peraons. M igratio n inflow of ru.rFiI

to Ui'ban was 13»H00 persona and out-flov/ v;as 1300 persons.

M igration of rural to urban flow was likely fnom bordering

B bates to mef:,t the fiemand of laboiAi’ requiremenb of the stptQ

as thu female component of the in-rnigratlon is only 2 7 ^*U’rban

to rui’al .‘.migration in flow in the stabe was 620) per eons and

outflow v/a.B 47 *0 persons and arhon to urban i iv mi grntl en wrs

15100, out~Tiii,grat1 on buing 6100, Ti’emale components of urban

to urban In nnd out-migration bein^^ 44‘ r e s p e c t iv e ly ,

the migration, appears to be due to shifting from one urban

place to anobher and like this,

18, 'Pripura, however, shows an exceptional trend of

migration. In riu?al to rural, rui’kl to urban and froin urban

to urban movement, the out-migration has taken over in-migra

tion showing a positive lose in population of Hie wtate. rnl

for urban to rural migration the in-migration la reoorded over

out migration. However, the absolute data being of the order

of hundreds only, the net effect due to migration in urban and

rural population is negligible.^

19, In other states, like Nagaland, Manipiu-, Arunaohal

Pradesh, all the foixr types of movement we :'e negligible.

20, 'I’he migration in these Hill states are mainly int^^r

state and restricted to aûrai type of movement, T*his is proba^

bly explained by the migration of Jhumias within a short dis*-

tanoy till 1961*^71. As urlaaiUBatiL i, rural to lu'ban

raJ.gr'atioii is the moat important component of migration and ilor-

trlbutes to higher growth oV ui’ban population. As such the rural

movement do not effect urban ôwth in the b lli States/UTs of

rogi .n ,

-1 • A lai’ge number of road workers, brick kiln workers

and somti aemi-Bkllled workers are brought in the region mainly

in ui’ban growth centres every year by oDatractore. These

Diigranta are in fact, laboui'ers who cannot find any cmplo.ymeni

at aJ-1 in their respecive States. They could rightly be termic

as "distress miânts*’ as indicated by some authors^

^2* In our country and more specially in I\TE Regiotij thei e

is no systematic control on migration, it is ’ aetuail '/ deter

mined by the interaction of the lab dir demand-suppi.y factors,

it is generally the private enterprise wnich controls the

migration and migrants are left to the mercy of such contractc;-s.

23- ■ u'tiie-r*, the rural oducated j'Outh have an inherent

tendency to mi,urate to ui'ban areas Tor better econcmLo ^rppo"

rtunities,bigher education and other factors. Migration due t

this factor is also quite sizable.

3 > T -

'4 • ThlB ohnpter haa dougnt t.o prusîit thf' of urba-

ruBîtlon in the North Iv-Bb. The inforinat.Lo'i orf>vi;led by i-h '

cenfiueea Lb , however, of an oinnihuB oliarac'-er an-i It o'.ii be upefl

for a brof^.d t'-jpe of nnRlyou^ nril^>. Morn dcr|-,ri,i li: d Arif rnia 1. 1 on

(SfcHtnwiue) ia neo.eBBaj\y f'^r gelhln,^ fiu ti er lnai,.^hi.L into thu

prooao&êa Ând pattern cf ui-baniantion. Thu uhemomenon hi^j, hcw”

evert 9 iiut3f.;d sîver^ probion fca’ third v;i:rld oa.ntj,*i nid w ithin

third wc^dd countriua in C(;mparativeiy baoiiv/4a.'’d ?ii eri6 | iiniikib \

deYQ.Iopo4 oountr.los whore surplus inoi^ne eC o it ie s obji ooujiter

lram0d.latiG prohiemfj oauaed by u ru a n isa t io n , th arh?m t^conoijiy

is not n'bie to abyorh the add it io n al dumandF: put on it uid

urhanlBM.ti on in euoli develo} ing coimtrieo and Jobs haokv/ard DreoB

v/ithih thoir,, hns lieen often chgraotGri.?.ed b,v trariercr of rural

p 0 '/ex*ty to a lready exinbinn; lU'ban j>overty* Tt is,titierefore,

imp9rtnnt to ktfiep the Bocio-oconomic perspective of migi'atiori

in^niind at the true of developing Btr..tegiea and rnGfifciUT’eii for

"tabklin/^the .prcbiem of lu 'banisation which not only cons la be ofi ‘

m iration from rural ; ere as to urban ai'eaa b^t also grow^th of

jjfouulation in the m ’ban areas themselvets• It also follows that

vnilabilitv of /rainfii. employment to all nri>an dwellers will

'6 a m\;Jpr obj^^ctJve In any lU'ban developijient plaQ, othtir w^lf;'vre

/ D'easui'ea like housing, drinking water, medicare, etc. being

£-econdary r.; it hough non-the-less important • object.Ivos.

c S , A ayLit<;B.atio analysis b^r an expert team oonair>tlng of

derao^pâjiher, s o c io lo g is t , town planner, antliropologist and

econoinist would be necessai’y . Based on the f in d in g s , it w i l l be

necGHB/u'y tfs prescribe policy me.asures and pug^reat prtgrnmnies,

Howevei, broad strategy can be suggested as fo llow s %

There la no denyIng the fact that r a } id u rb an isation

dw. to increasing rural m 'ban iriigrwtion lead^j not only to

GQrio.iB employmeut, housing and socin l prehienis in the c ib ies

but alor, cruiaQs ec o lo g ic al and erivironmontal pxnhiems. It is

!.ll G\)fi more serioB i f the already e x is t in g urban ptrv^'rty is

further aêpenfid on account of such migi-ation. Aa this is .hn

Ofise In our -ountry, p olicy measures have to be taken, to nautT-rA/

- 3 18

reetrict rural ~ m^ban migration. Some of tho BuggeEitud mensarit^

partiouiarl^ In the Gontoxt of North Eaot, ai*e ‘ j

a) Tribal life dependent on jhum ie gradually beooiiUag

more and more diffioult to suotain. Dininishing

re tame from Jhum Oul ti vation i« forcing many

.-jhumiae to fir at work ao agricultural labourers

in cr.mpar^t Lvely better off v/.lle^/ lano. and then

forcing some othere tr migrate to townw as labour"

era. It in vital that ,jhumias ore given an alter

native income base within the rurnl if

not in their own villnge to atop this prooeaB.

Settled agriculture in valley lands auf^jlemented

by animal husbandry, horticultiu"e and fisheries

activltleo ia an alternative. Raising of large

aoale fruit oroh?u*da or plantations of rubber,

coffee,, tea etc.can also be thought of if labour

v\ scafoity 1b not/pre'UTQlent,

(b) A massive programi/ie of afforestatj on is no€f^B8ar;y •

not only for providing dependable wage employment ,

and development of village forests biiialao for

preservation of environment and mainteiinnoe of

ecological balance,

c) Rapid modernization of agriculture and Its commer

cialization in the valley lands will lerd to absor

ption a mucli le.L'ger number of people ii-. agrJcul-

tuT'al nativity and stop tlie iieed to m.U! 'ate to

urban arens,

d) Development of agro forest based indioArJe-j in

medium and small tov/ris as also in rtihe rural nr ear.;

on the fringes of forests and in areaa . /here a

ptirticular frui t/commercial crop in gi’oini in a

concentrated manner.

e) Eoiablishment of mini-growth centres as a matter

of lt;leb,i*ate policy by providing nil th' infra-

structural faoilities to ach, eve (d) above. A. pi’o-

gi'aarmie fot^U'Cal entrt^prenutirahip will also be pari. ,

of the such a strategy. Such mlni~growtii centre,

can be linked to bd;gger gi'owth centres and certain

I n c J u B t r l e s Ljkf; f r u i t p r o c p s s l n q , cpment [ i l a n i s

e t c . can be so dr-ve l oped t h a t f l i R t s t a g e p r n n e -

s s i n q i s done i n m i n i - q r o u t h c e n t r e s ui hereas

f i n a l p r o n e s a i n q i s done i n b l g q e r q r n u t h c e n t r r s

on a l a r q e scaJ e*

26. T he iTiBBSures s u q n e s t e d abnue u i J i e B s F n t i a l l y

p r o u i d e b e t t r ; r Gfionomlc i i v i n q i n t h e r u r a l a r e a s l iut B t l l l

some p e o p l e , m a i n l y e d u c a t e d y o u t h , u i l l m i g r a t e to ur ban

a r e a s . I n an ar ea l i k e y h e r e mar ket economy i s s t i l J i n

i t s i n f a n c y and g a J n i n q g r o u n d r a p i d l y , t he u r b a n ar eaa

hound to i n c r e a s e i n numbtir and under go a c o n t i n u o u a e x -

p a n s i o n , L i hi J a d e v e i o p me n t o f g r o u t h c e n t r e s u i i J c a t e r

to empl oyment nrfede r»f ney m i g r a n t s , t he u t l f a r e f a c i l i t i e s

l i k e d r i n k i n g u a t e r , h n u s i n g , me d i c a r e e t c . i / i l l haue to

hr expanded i n t he u i b a n a r r a s . Saf e d i i n k i n g u a t e r u i l l

ha^fi to he p r o v i d e d on a v e r y hi t j h p r i o r i t y t i a s i s . N a j o r

t o u n s and c i t i e s s h o u l d hav/e a c t i v e Ho u s i n g C o o p e r a t i v e s

u h i c h s h o u l d p r o v i d e h o u s i n g f o r a l l c l a s s e s o f u r b a n

d u e l l e r s . T he S o t ^ i e t i e s s h o u l d he a b l e to di^vf l o p model s

ba sed on l o c a l r e s o u r c e s so t h a t boust-s ar e s u i t e d f o r

l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s a r e a l s o u i t h i n e a s y r e a c h o f a l l c l a s s e s

o f p e o p l e l i v i n g i n ur b an a r e a s . I t i s a l s o n e c e s s a r y

t h a t t h e u r b an a r ^ a s have a d e g u a t e f a c i l i t i e s f o r p r o v i n g

\ ^ o c a t i o n i n g anci t c ' c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g so t h a t s k i l l s o f

e x i s t i n g u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n as u e l l as neu m i g r a n t s c o u l d

be u p g r a d e d . L a s t l y , b u t n o t t h e l e a s t i m p o r t a n t , i s

r e mo v a l o f the p h y s i c a l and p s y c h o l o g i c a l f e e l i n g o f i s o

l a t i o n o f tht r e g i o n u i t h r e s t o f t he c o u n t r y so t h a t m i g -

r a i . i o n depends on ec o no mi c n e c e s s i t i e s r a t h e r t h a n on any

o t h e r f a c t o r s .

I n t h e p r e c e d i n g p a r a g r a p h s , ufe have l a r g e l y

dea. l t u i t h t he p r o b l e ms o f u r b a n i s a t i o n and m i g r a t i o n f r om

n r r a l to ur b a n a r r a s and t he v a r i o u s f o r c e s u h i c h g o v e r n

such m i g r a t i o n s . As i s u e l l k noun, m i g r a t i o n o f l a r g e

c o mn. un i t i es c r e a t e s s p e c i a l p r o b l e ms o f a s s i m i l a t i o n and

o f t e n ar e r e s p o n s i b l e not o n l y f o r t e n s i o n s , b u t even a

p r o c e s s o f b r e a k i n g up o f t r i b a l c o m m u n i t i e s , U h e t h e r

t h e ex t e r i t o f a s s i m i l a t i o n t h a t i s p o s s i b l e can be s t a t i s -

t - l c a l l y determi ne: r j o r n o t , t h e r e i3 no d o ub t t h a t t h e r e i s

* 3 / ^ ^

a t h r e s h o l d f n r ouch a s s l m i L o t i o n , I n t h e t r i b a l commu

n i t i e s o f t he N n r t h - E a G t , u/hFra t h e p n p u J a t i n n s art-. Gparsf

and a g r i c u l t u r a l and f n r E a t r y p r a c t i c n s I n w o l v e r ' l t a t i o n a l

use' o f r e s o u r c e s gi vyi ng t l ie I m p r t s s i o n u l s u a l l y t h a t l a r g e

t r a c t s o f lanrl ar e uni nhal ; ] i ted a n d , t h e r e f o r e , c a l J i n g f o r

u t i l i s a t i o n by t i u r p l u s l a b o u r y h i c h c o u l d be i n d u c t e d

s a f e l y , t h e f a c t s t h a t such t r a c t s o f l a n d ar e u n d e r o c c

u p a t i o n and use i f not on a d a y - t o - d a y o r e\/en y e a r to

y e a r , but on d e c a d e - t o ~ d e c a d e b a s i s and a l s o t h r t such

t r a c t s ar e s p r c i f i c a l l y ea r mar k e d f o r use o f d i f f e r e n t

f a m i l i e s un d e r y e l l knoyn and y e l l p r a c t i c e d t r a d i t i o n s ,

ar e l i k e l y to be m i s s e d . B e s i d e s Bueh o f t he t r i b a l modes,

t r a d i t i o n s ha\ 'e deuel opf c i f o r t he p u r p o s e o f pr eser v y l nq

i n t e i n a l h o mo g e n e i t y i n t h e c o n t e x t o f s u r r o u n d i n n a t m o s -

phF re o f c o n f r o n t at. i n n and euen h o s t i l i t y ( i f o t i i e r t r i b e s

and c o m m u n i t i e s . A l l thEse f a c t o r s giv/e r i s e to s t r o n g

l i m i t a t i o n s i mposed on t he e x t e n t o f a s s i m i l a t i o n o f

’' out„sl ( iGr*‘ c a mmu n i t j e s * The d a n g e r o f s m a l l t r i b a l com

m u n i t i e s b r e a k i n g up by c o n t a c t y i t h o u t s i d e f o r c e s i s

r e a l and n o t f e n d e d . The p r o c e s s o f mn rle m l sa i, i n n i n

any case g e n e r a t e s i nt er no. 1 t e n s i o n s u h i e b t i n eate n t he

c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t r a d i t i o n a l commun i t i ei s, b u t t h i s has to

be b o r n e and l i v e d y i t h by t he t r i b a l c n m m u n i L i t s , The,

f o r c e d c o n t a c t u i tli OLi t s i de eori imunit ic s g i v e s a t a n g i b l e

cause f o r f o c u s i n g t e n s i o n s , h a t r e d and h o s t i l i t y and

c r e a t e c o n f l i c t s y h i c h ar e o f t e n w i o l e n t . T he d e c e n n i a l

c ensus gi.vrjs not o n l y an i n a d e g u a t e i d e a o f t he e x t e n t o f

m i g r a t i o n i n the h r i b a l a r e a s , b u t the t i me gap i s too l o n g

f o r i n i t l a i . i n g p o J i c i e e and pr ogr ammes to deepen and

y i d f j n the scope o f a s s i m i l a t- ion and a l s o to take,- e o p r e u -

t i v e me a s u i e s , B o t y e e n t he y e a r s y h en c ensus i s u n d r r -

t a k t n , a p p r e h e n s i o n s a r e f anned i n t o s u s p i s i o n s and l a c k

o f u p t o d a t e i r i f o r m a t i o n h e l p s i n t h i s p r o c e s s . I t i s ,

h h e r e f o r e , nt e e s s a r y t t i at l ike, t he i n v / i r o nmen t , f o r e s t ,

y a t r r and o t h e r r e s o u r c e s b e i n g seonnt d, aJ,most c o n t i n u o u

s l y by r emot e s f n s i n g , i.ht p o p u l a t i o n s t r u c t u r e s , t he

f l o y s o f e m i g r a t i o n rnrl i m m i g r a t i o n , t h e c t i anqi ng n a t u r e

of o ce:upat i d n , u t i i i s a t i o n ot s o i l and y a t e r r t j s o u r c e s

and ttie e t h n i c a l e o m p i r J t i o n o f c o m m u n i i i e n s h o u l d a l s o he

-32/0-

e i m i l a r J y r i ut veyed and mnni f . ni Bd on a mnro f r er |uent and

T F ' qul ar b a s i s t hen fias br;on prov/. lded hy the Myatf-^m o f i hr:

d t - c p n n i a i oEnBua, The U o r k l n q ( , r o i i p , f;hr r n f n rc‘ , lecornmcndB

i h n i t hR sysi pi n n f h a v i n g a cr nRUa ev/iu^y yr^.ir i n s p r c i f i r d

arr^as o f t, he N o r t h - E a d i a h o u l d be ar lontGd ae an urge nt

anti p i i n r l t y rnt a s i i r e . The I j l orki nq Gr nn p f u r t her refrnmm-

( ndg that: i h o format, o f i hr cf nuus sf i nul d bt. dt u l e t d u i t h

a \/iou to hr l nt ) rni t a l l t he r f l ^ v a n t dat a r o g a r d l n g

SDc i oJ. I FL;onomic and c u l t u r a l oBpt r t s o f t.h( c h a n g i n g p r o

f i l e o f thR commun 11 lt>s anri t r i b e s r r s i d i n g i n suc h 8Pg~

c i f i t ' d a r r a s . Such a t eps u o u l d go a l ong D a y no t o n l y i n

a J l a y i n g un f o u n d e d npoi rhe n s i o n n , b u t u l l l p - r oui de a

s t r o n g b a s i s f o r o J a n n i n g ocnnf) min pnd s n c i c l o g i c n l p o l i

c i e s f o r s a f e g u n r d i n g ti ie f . n t l t y o f t h r t r i h f i s and a l s o

f o r d n u i s i n g progrr^mmr s f o r I nt e g r a t e d d n u b l o p m r n t u i t h -

oi i t e n d a n g e r i n g s uc h t r i b n l cornmun i t i f s .

The N ' l r t h Fant h a ‘? BEj m a j o r t r i b e s and numt r oup

c l a n s and s u h - t r i h e s . As nnst o f t h e d i a l r c t s a s s o c i a t e d

u i t h i n d i v / i d u a l c l a n s havp not been r e d u c e d to u r i t i n g ,

I bf- f u l l e x t e n t o f t he c u l t u r a l d i \ / e r s i t y i n t he N o r t h

f a s t tias n e v e r been adf ' guatf l y assi . ’ssf ' d, Ue see i n t h r

N o r t h ' - E a s t c u l t u r t ^ s r a n g i n g f r om n r o l e t h i c aoE t o t he

moderfi ag e. Klhi l e a n t h r o p o l o g i s t s , e x p l o r e r s and s c h o l a r s

ha\/e o v e r a pi r i o d o f t i me b u i l t up f ' o n s i d e r a b 1 b documen

t a t i o n o f v a r i . i u s f a c e t s o f d i f f r r e n t . t r i b e s , Much o f

thf doci i mi>ntr j t ion if-; i n thf; n a r r a t i v e f or m and does not

b r i n g o u t thf r h y t h m , mo\/ement, c o l o u r and l.he f p i s t i v e

a s p e c t and ohsi r\/Bnne o f r i t u a l s o f v a r i o u s t y p e s , Many

o f t h e s e c u l t u r a l for ms uiere a s s o c i a t e d u i t t i s p e c i f i c

Tconr j mi r . and r e i i g i o u s e v e n t s l i kr; s o w i n g , h a r v e s t i n g ,

u - i r t h , deot l i , n a t u r f d c a l a m i t i e s , h u n t i n g , e t c . U i t h

i't.e i n t r o d u c t i G n o f a g r i c u l t u r e and i n many a r e a s u e t e r

b s r v F s t i n c j and i r r i g a t i o n , the ec o n o mi c l i f e s t y l i o f

i t r i b a l p o p u l a t i o n i s u n d e r g o i n g nhangc' v e r y f a s t ,

^^ome n f t h e r e l i g i o u s and o t h e r a s p e c t s a l s o ar e u n d e r -

poi t i g chenges iinde:r t h e i mpac t o f neu ' l i f e s t y l e s and the

c e r e mc i r i a l r i t u a l s ns so e l a t e d u i t h f e s t i v i t i e s on s p e c i

f i c or^casi on o r e v e n t ar e e l s e l o s i n g i+.s aut I v ent i r;i t y ,

5 ^

T hEFG i s a g r n a t d a n q e r o f pBrmantnt l o s s and e x t i n c t i o n

o f a r i c h and i r r e p l a c E a b l e s t o r e - h o u a e o f c u l t u r e . T h i s

u o u l d d i m i n i s h , i n an i m p o r t a n t s e n s e , t he t o t a l i t y o f

tiiG h e r i t a r j e o f I n d i a . T he l e a s t t h a t can be done i s to

p r e s s i n t o s r r v y i ce modern t e c h n o l o g i e s f o r r e c o r d i n g aa

a u t h e n t i c a l l y ee p o s s i b l e by means o f a u d i o - u i s u a l do c u

m e n t a t i o n t h i s r i c h t r i b a J c u l t u r a l l i f e . T h i s progr amme

u o u l d r e q u i r e not o n l y i n t e r - d i s c i p l i n a r y p a r t i c i p a t i o n

among the A n t h o r o p o l o g i s t s , S o c i a l S c i e n t i s t s , L i n g u i s t s ,

P h o t o g r a p h r r s , f i l m p r o d u c i n g e x p e r t s , b u t a l s o i n t e r a c t i o n

among p o l i t i c a l s c i e n t i s t s and e c o n o m i s t s . The s o o n e r ,

t h e r e f o r e , such a pr ogr amme i s dr v/el opod i m a g i n a t 1 uel y

and a d e q u r t e l y , t he b e t t e r i t y o u l d bo . L l b v i o u s l y , such

a programme can be d e s i g n e d o n l y u n d e r t he a u s p i c e s o f t he H j n i s t r y o f C u l t u n : ,

- .^ 2 ^ -

...1E D U C A T I O N

1 i ' As an instrumeiit of s iclci-'cultui’al advancement t^duogii >n

has bi L ri rec .-'lvlng corisldera.bHe attentton in th-a ]’] arming p'.jrcesr>

in ibe lloglon. The per capita plan outlay on uducation in

St rbee/lJTs jf the I'e ci >n is ap;^roxirnale l;y k , 17B.^+8 ciur’ln/, tht'

Six1:ii Pl'in which .1a much higher than the all-Tmlla averagu. The

avoraû literacy levels in i'4orth—Eastern States v'ith the except'^

I on a.f Ai'sarri and ikrunachal r’r idejrih is higher tfian the nati’ na.l.

«V'ra/:,e. Censiderîn^ that lltrjracy in Mizorarn Is ^9.5;^, Manipur

41.9% , Tripura ,41.3 and Nagnland -11 at ove thu national

:verTfTe, one rria*:’- ren(l to think that the progr’arnme f'.'r removal

jf illiteracy in Lhe age-gr>,)Up m-iy not a|.'pe"<r to be '.'if

highei* ariori.ty or relevance t i:h::.’ fl'rttl-Eaatrirn States* Such

a view, hiwever^ would sbt.’rn fr m assuinptl )iis which may ajjpear t.;

be t) facile*

•)c . m Tlie region, h ''wever, suf^l ’i ir-ai qualitative backwardness

in the field of Education aa will be eviaent fr m the following

tab]e ;Tu (r,(e • ^

St dea/UT I Wastage"! Percent v? -5 ia I rntrain. d to 'che^« c lasa 5 1 930-P1 •/

Ac n' a, ,e no. of "1 Enrolment■tudoTits per 5 in tech*

rchools (1 9B0-81 I r^cho as

I I-V 1 ' ____ 1 „ _ __- 3 enrol-il Fl7;arelTPrTiâiTciT“ l i I , , h 't ’rrm -W d ''i-~ W I ment In _{ in per-Jary 5 le l^ch-l)r\- Il fech-'| c l . IX-XII5 c-nitage fech"-I ache ^1 i)ol ^ch- fechoo 1 |o 0 J

. . . . i 2 X

•Irunachalt'radeah

82 A *35.1 "^5.4 4 6 .2 4Q 132 214 3 .3

4ssam 7 0 .7 46.1 6 6 ,7 7 2 .2 76 13^'' 261. 2 .3

Manipur 7 7 ,6 4 4 .0 7 1 .0 7 3 .0 5B 110 231 2 .8

MeghaJ.aya 03 ,4 5 4 ,0 7 5 .0 7 0 .0 5:^ 95 239 2.1

Mizoram 68 ,3 42.1 65 . B 7 5 .0 102 96 1 34 1 .7

Mag aland 7 1 .2 5 9 .0 8 0 .0 6 9 .0 . 9B 124 355 5.^'"

Tri-rura - 70ji 34.1 37 .5 3 9 .7 10b. . 269 2Q4 .1.5.

All Z I 6 i .| J 2 . 5 IlQ .S 1 3 i o : j B I I 2?S II 561 I : c

Source : Draft Report f the v/orkin£: (iroup to gtudy th( seltrcti mand impL?ment:-^ti >n of dev';lopmont programm ib wi th irtixu-lar reference to community participation f >r theRegion. \

3* So far as s'pread of Elementary Educoti »n in the -ige-

grouiJ 6-14 Is concernGd, although mony of the North Eastern

States may have achieved the Sixth Plan objective of enrol

ment in respect of Classes and 50% enrolment in respect of

Classes VI-VIII, considering the wastage rates particularly Jn

Classes I-VI, in Meghalaya Aruanchal Pradesh (82.4%),

Mizoram (68*3%) and all the other States which have drop-out

r"dios 'bove 70% against the All- India average of 63*5% an area

which would require utmost emphasis is njt to adjudge the quality

of the programme by tfie criteria of enrolment alone. It woi^ld,

be necessary in this context to attach the highest emphasis on

retenti )n at sch ol, the quality of learning imparted and Its

relevance to the sooiiJ-cultui*al mi.lieu. The drive for scho ol

.enr ")Iment should receive special emphasis part;icularly in Assam

and ili^unachal Pradesh where eff-'^rts should <\lso be steppe;! up

to achive the objective f universali s- ti -n of elementary educa

tion by starting more iWE Centres# This may bo given priority.

4 , In o.dditi ;n to considerably laigh drop ;>ut nnd wastage

jiorcentage, large number f untr ined teachers etc, as shov/n in

Table-I there are some other dr-iwbacks such as inap'-ropriate

curricu'l.ur.i anri dull teaching niiithjds, ]» >r stan'iard of text bO'jks

'and leorth necessai’y equipments and tfr ching' oids which have

toned down the quality of educati^ n. Roughly over 30 jj<3rcent of

students enrolled in class I fall to reach class V after 4 years.

Both in the Nodal Group and the Sub-Gri 'up’ on SocJ a L Services it

was felt that the problem of dropout and stagnation can be

tec||i0d by changing the ec'>nomic conditi )n, adjusting teching

system to local, conditi ;n fuid by including' in the course some

gainful economic activities ( i .e . [ilantati'jn under s )cial forestry,

collection of seeds etc) with cash incentives for them,

5 . The Sch .)ol infrastructixr’e in most of the N( rth Eastt-.'rn

States 1:J f )und to be largely inadequate, Man^pf the sch ' Is do

not have [jropei buildings or a sec'>nd teacher .w h ile the Si:at!>.'3

have made their eff u’ta to ret resent their cases to the Fin'nee

C:>mmisslon, allocation of funds in tliis respect for improve mtait

C o n td . . .

r>f :-ch O.L iii:rr'i3ti''uoturG (-i],'!: •iutnu nt of additi ûal becliers and

ooustructl IQ of scliool I'uil ' ) has bC'^n inadaquite, in Hi Is

cont-^xt a more L5ol>Dotlvo »^ i ppi *o1 o scb j 1 ii:iijr-:'veriii.;nt on the

pattern of lnter«vli 1 age f^chxrio of .\rimach3]. may be n

;.!]■)t'roprlal'e ns a atratei^y of d'-'vrlopinunt of the fiducatlonal infrât*

ructuro,

6. In the M ;rth East th(^rG Is a tra-li tiona.l apath^r ,r

l ocal stufic ni s t ;>w Tds Science and Mi'ithematj cs • Ihrt e ex;~ I't

bodites viz* Wnrkjnf; Gr :<iVJ O'^nsitute^l tjy the MSC in 198^, North

E iBtern Hil l UniverBity entruabe 'l t . prepare a Pr oject Report

In Va83 and a Study Team constlt.utea by the Ministry of Education

and Culture j n^^^^'^lâve gone int ' the questiun of Scj.ence and

Mathematics teachinp; In this roMl^n and their recommendatlona

have been forwarded by the NEC to tlie conCf>rned States/UlG for

implement'ItloTi under th(> Stit.e Plans* Morf.’ovor, th*;- jjroblem ef

vocati')nalination of educaticm is als::) beinî tQokl^d by trying

vnri-^b ’iT-etiv' It'i such \s openlnii, •T'f- Grafts Tr'alnlug Centres, ].TIs,

P )lytechnJ,C8, tr'ilnln^ centr:=s for ANiMs etc as well as sponsor!n^^

students to var’i )us tr'chnloal Institutions* Vecati ^nal Bdutation

f :>r women also needs to be gj ven due emphasis| as the scope of

self*-em] loyment for w men Js at present, very limited* A list of

educatienal iastituti >ns In t;he region is given in Annexure-i:

(incluilnî, als') the existing technioal/vacati ^nal institutions•

7* A.11 the constituent Statea/^^l's have already made some

arrang jments f . r adult education under the relevant plan scheme,

The existence of 344 adult education centres in Assam, 176 centres

in Arunachal Pradesh, 300 centres in Manlpui’, 110 I n 'Meghalaya,

140 centres in Tripiira in 19'^B-79 may be citerl t substantiate

tht ota1er^;ent* In fact, these C:‘ntre3 should also function as

adequate forum of extensJon. in whi.ch the uneducated peoi)lf2 rnixht

Vie given the basic knowledge about improve 1 farming, health care

and sanitation, gainful^ economic activities etc* Considering that

the basic em hesis in adult. educationyvTNUîi^miS-ds--:^^^

Contd,

the levels of awareness anc] functj mel rolevancfi of oducatinn,

it would essential that ndult e iuc. tlon shouli f rxfi a C''nu) jno:nt

of every doveloj.imnnt scherne through which the ^'Mrticipntion of

beneficiaries under the appropriate schene could be ] r jnujted, tl’iei

awarenosB sh?,\rpened and delivery of basic services thrgUffh theso

scheme ensured, lYiority in tho adult education progrTrnrnos should

therefore, focus adequately on the nexus between remov:il of

illiteracy and eradication of proverty. The now strategy should

adequately emphasis Adult Education as. a compontint of related

d eve !1_ opintint pr >j / ;r amme s •

8 , Community participation is et^sential to the success

particularly of the two priority programmes of universal element

ary educati on find adult education. The rc le played by the

community throUf^h village Councils of Magaland or the UNICEF

assisted I'rojects, in Meghalaya where also links have been

developed between primary education and the prim^ary health Sector

could be Tiii)dsls for prom tlon of comm\mlty partlcip ,yt,ion ni a

wider scale»

9. Strengthening the existing arrangement for tea#her

trainin)3 for the education'll institutions in the region is an >ther

sphere which cnses for greater attention. A branch of the N(,'ERT

eh >uld be set uo in the region for strengthening a rra n g e m e n t .* , for

'I'eacher Trrdnlni- an-1 t ) develop facilities for the purpose of

,-raonrlng tr^'dnlng c nirses to meet specific need of the regioxi*

— 7 -

- :5 z s -

For qua I I't itlve as wel l as ciu inti t -^tive imj'rf ’Vi'rru-nt

i n tilt f i e l d jf .^diicati ui In the North Eaatorn the

folluvy/lng strategy Is su»':gr;stt''.1. fi>r seventh p la n :~

(1 ) One out )f every 20 primary schoerjs sli 'Uld

be d 0Vel ip<3d as a niodel school with s'.'ecial

emrtha.ij .s ari teaching 'if Science? ind Mathematics.

In each riiadel scheol thert^ sh 'uld be a Jlhrary

and :i I) »ak h-ixik;

( i i ) Ont, ml'ddde levoJ scha il ahauld be set. uj' in

e- ach bl )ck;

(J i 1 ) Binrf iLnent cov3 .rage -it the i-irimary school leve.i

should be raised to 1 0 0 jiercent in case of Aruna”

chal Pradesh, Assam and Trijiura while th is coverage

at the ml tile school level should t e raised to 60

per cent in respect of all the States/t/I’s except

Miz )ram, wliere th <3 e x is t in g coverage of 8 b . 7%

\sh :>uld be (>nhanced be 1 0 0 per cent . I n Ariin'^ch.\l

^ra^lesh where density ■'f population is very low

a i e f f )rts should be made to increase the enr ?

meat })ercentage s\ibstancially i n case it is Imposb-

ib le to 8 chl«vettbf^ ob^ve tar /;ets ;

( iv ) Wastage percentage should be reduced by at

least 10% . The percentage of trained teachers

(at primary, middle and high school levels )

should be ra ised by at least 5096 by the end of

the Seventh Plan . Mid-day Meals ,l^ogramme may

be imoemented as a means to check the tendency

towarils dr 0 1 '-out;

(v) The enrolment in the technical schools as

]j)ercentage of enrolment in c lasses 1 X-XIl in all

State /bTs sl:i>)ul.:l be raise-l by eb *ut 2 ‘>% frc'm

the exj. stin£{ le v e l ;

Contd. . . .

( v l ) The ten chers ' t r a in in g institutes in the

S tates shouia be streniithentd. The administr itlve

a.;paratus for m onitoring aal supervisinf; teaching

Bistem noeds to be 3 troneth.rnoc: 3 - ns to reduce

absenteeism among teachers serving and provide housing

a c c o m m o d a t i o n to teachers serving In the Int^-rl jr areas;|

( v l l ) Ex isting arrangements for vocational and

techn ica l t r a in in g should lie strengthened a »l mure

students should be sponsored for training in l.hose

f i e l d s which are s p e c i f ic a l ly required in this reg io n .

U e s l d G S , more women should ?)e given vocational

eduction snabllnt^; them to undertake ga in ful economic

\activi t i e s .

- 3 2 9 -

ANNEXUl^ 1

Muiaber of l*jduoatlonal InatitubioiiB 1979~’80

Inoti bationQ ' Anaiac Kai Pradesh

Asfciiijn

* .

_______ 1 __________ :________2 ______ ] 3

I I • '

Maui iMizorain }lMa.ga’-|Jlnnclpi.u' jlajme '

, f .... __ L_I * I

i L . 6 - _ 1 _.4 J

Trip lira

8

University - 3 1 1 ★ f

Bo ard of S ec cjnd a~ ry Education

- 1 1 1 1 1

Arte/Boience/ Ooinmerce Do!legea

1 120 21 12 7 5

En^Ineering Col leges - 3 ~ - 1

Medical College 3 1 - -

Agj'ioultuireColleges — 1 1 1

VeterinaryCollege - 1 » - -

Teacher a ’• s Training Oollugea 3 1 1 1 4

Junior Colleges (♦■2 stage) 9 - - -

H i ' her Second ary Schools (10+2 pattern)

11 112 >- - ■2

Higher Beoondarj^ ^ School (o3d Pattern) '

High Schools 30 1694 241 •168 116 108 141

Middle Schools 112 ■ 656 391 30'^ 2!5‘) 289 300

Pr.imary Schools 821 2161^ 3449 3600 • !)18 1120 1 bOO

Pro-Primary Schools 262 1 360 - - 1775

Teacher' s T.rai'- ning Schools — 32 4 9 3 3 -

Polytechnics *-* 6 1 1 - 1 1

Technical & Indue trial Schools

1—3 25 22 3 1 1 2

PigurGG relate to 197B-79

* OanipLis .of Oalcu1.t.a .llniyersity at Tripura and NEHTJ at Nagaland and Mizorfun, College at Arimaohal Pradesh attached to the Punjab University.

Souxoe j Basic Statistics of North Eaotemi Region 1902^ NBO.

-ooOoo-

- -

CHAFrMi 1 V% 1 7

CIVIL SUPPLIES

The peculiar geographical condltiovi of the N' rth

Eost with 70% hi U.y area, the defectency cf thf- region In

respect of almost all essential items, the fragile and inade

quate t.T’ansportatlon network and the underdevelopeil aupyly

ayfHteni at the retail level, particnJ arly in the remot e areas,

underscore the urgent and Imperative need for develoi In , and

strengthening the civil si-ipply system in the region. The

very low density of population, and the high gro’vth rate oi“

poi)ulation (3*75 percent annunlly as agaliisb the all India

rate of 2*4? ) , the large concentration of the people in rur*al

area.s (about J0% of the tota] population live in the villages)

without adequate communic'ftion link, liave made the probJem

st'.ill more complecated* SuppJy of essential oommoditl0i> has

been uncertain and iria'iequate and high transportet.j on charges

make the^ie commodities in rem )te areas very costly.

2. The Riblio Distrlbulion system in the region has

not fully develope'd a.nd covera|';e of area under the system has

been low, unlike in most other States, no Corporation for

Civil supplies aas so far been set up in any of the consl-ituent

units. In 4s'-;am, where the system is rQlotively more developed,

It operates through a network of 10337 F .P .S . and about 70

Oo~operatives. The population served by one FPS comes to about

1172* Arunachal Pradesh has been continuin/^ its own system of

supp3-y essential, cotnniodities known as CPO system, managed

departmentally, Ppimarily it natBTB to the need of Govt,

employees in the remote .areas. So far 3^8 PPS have been

opened under the i' I S eacli sliop serving a population of about

2201. The U.T, Govt, has initiated steps to ex])and and

strengthen the PDS in tli e territory. In Manipvir 1192 PPS are

functioning undor the PDS, Each shoi) covers'a popunat.lon of

about 1269., Many, of the diffiault, areas in the hills have

not yet been covered under the system where the problem is .

C o n t d . . . .

- 332

sought to be tackled by opening mobi Le FPS. In Meghalaya thpre

are about 1987 FPS, each cater’ing to the requirement of about

716 persona. The PPS are roportedly functioning satisfactorily

In Mizoram 383 FPS under the PD3 cover the entire population

of 5*41 lakhs. The Govt.. Supply & Transport Deptt, procures

and also arranges distribution of all essential items either

directly or through agents. However, the existing departmental

set up appears to be too inadequate to manage the system

effeclently, Nagaland has 163 FPS and each shop. j,s expected

to serve a population of about .^i288. The system needs

strengthening and expansion. In Tripura there are 913 Fl-S,

one third of which are co-operatives. The State Govt, have

decided to replace gradually the private FPS with co-operative,

The important lacunae in the PDS in the region

that need to be removed are (a) the low FPS population

ration which makes the system less effective and (b) the

weak structure of the })ubllc distribution system. For adequate

servicing of the beneficiaries one FPS’s population coverage

has to be limited to about 11500 persons (or about 300 card

holder's t^iking the average alae of a card holder's family at* 5)

Except for Weghalaya, the posjtlon in this regnrci in all the

other units has to be Imporved, The civil supply system in

the States/UTs of the region is generally managed by the Govt:,

departments althougli the co-operative insti tution in some

Stfites have been playing a significant rale. The 'TO has not

penetrate(3 into the remote areas. The private traders, therefore,

take advantcige - of the situation at the cost of the poorer section

of tlie society. The Co,op>erative structure is weak both in

terms of manag(^ment and finance* With high rate ofoverdiies

most of the co-operative societies can not expect to get

1 nstItutional finance. The Govt, of Ini.da’s advice to set up

Civil Supply Corporations in all i>he States/UTs would not

provide an answer. The i;lme Involved in the operation and

the limited scope of opt ration In these small units will made

these Corporation non-vl^ble. The bt st solution will be

Co ntd

to cooperat iviae the systc ni and to RtrerigthGn the co-operative

structure by |)rovi>iing maua,serial and financial asusLst mco

and Increaylngthe number of co-o)ôrnti.ve outlets^

• 'fhe poaition In regard tn aval ] abi'l ity of ersentlal

commodities in the region hag al,so been unsatisfactory^ the

gap between allotment and receipt being quite big, Por

iriGtanoe, the pe:T capita receipt of foodgrains duritig 19B3-84

W9G 38.20 1'^, During' that yem - as agal nst, t')tal all(.)tniGnt

gf lakhs MT foodgrains to all tht Statea/UTs, only

10,99 lakhs MT were actually received by the units. The

F C I has worked out the region^s monthly requirement of

foodgrains to be 1 ,05 lakh MT per month. A.nd as against

this, during 1963-8^ the average monthly supply was only a

little over 91300 MT, The FCI v/ill have to take steps to

narrow this wide gap. Besides, as a result of flood, which

is a recurring phenomenon, rommunjcations in the valleys

get disrupted and conseîuently movement of foodgrains Is

greatly hampared and the adjninin^; areas feel the pinch.

Therefore, FCI and the States/OT Go\d:*s have to plan jointly

t<:> build up summer buffer sto®k of foodgrains providing, fcr

atleast additional three months* requirement. Some of the

measures iêquirevl to be taketi to lm]irove tlie oituation In

regard to availability an l distribution of foodgrains are :

a) Procurement, storage and distribution of food

grains should be done by a central agency In each

State/b’T and there should be a central pool;

b) Adequate buffer stocks of essential commodities

should be maintained at each district headquarters

for release during scarcity perlodf

c) Regular monitoring of the market rates of the

essential commodities stiould be enanrpd at; Dir’, t!-jnt,

as well as State hea<iqu?^rterG}

- 3 ' n -

C o n t , d . . .

'i) Machinery for eriforcGment o.f the regulatory

measures in regard. t:o distribution :>f essentia]-

commodities should be set up. Proper enforcement

of the rogulationa would require staff at district

and block headquarters, Arran^^emeni, for ti’aining

of the staff has to be made. Small laboratories

fcx* sample testJ.ng of commodities by the enforcement

staffshould be set up at district headquarters ;

The position in regard to some of the other essen

tial commodities Is indicated in the following paragraphs,

SAI/.U * The annual requirement of salt, accoj-'ding to an

estimate made by NEC, is about 2.24 lakh tonnes.

The entire quantity is beiiig brought from outside.

The main problem in regard to Salt is its

irregular supply and lack of storage facilities#

The problem of ntc rage should be tackled by the

State Governments by Gonstructiiig necevssary

storage facilities. Tfie alternative arrangement

''Appointing' National Consumer Cooperative

Fedou-’ation as the agent for the States for pro

curement andstoi’age of Salt in this region may

also be considered, A specicO. requirement of

this region is in regard to Iodised Salt. It is

suggested that at least 5 Salt lodisation Plant

should be set up in tfiis region in the public

sector 1.0 meet the requirement of Iodises). Salt,

NEC should offer necessary assist.Mnce in this

regard,

EDIBLE OIL : The problem in regard to edible oil is not of

availability but of a sult'^ible distribuiton

system. The State Trading Corporation has opened

a depot of 5000 tonnes capacity for edible oil at

Guwahati and another depot of 180 tonnes capaci t y

at Dim.apur, It is suggested that for efficient

distribution 3 more depot at Silchar, Tinsukia

- 334 -

Contd . , . ,

- -

•Tina ImphRl may bo c. nsick-r*;d, i'"urther, to

reihice the cost of tr-mnvjrtatlnn aii.i relief

to the ultimate consumers jTC shoul't

edtblc oils at nominated .llstributi hi centres,

which should be opene.i solectlvely, or rnimbiarse

the t.rans[iort'3t.inn cost fr(jm STC deootn to these

centres•

KEllOSEf® j Irrogulnr movement and inade luate storage c:ipacity

are the m'lln C'.instralnts In regsird to dlstrJ button

of Kei’osene in tliis region* .In addition to tlie

existing storage facilities in Assam, Maiiipur and

Tripura, the IOC proposes to set up alditiona.1

storage fncilities in Mizoram, Na^^aland -'md

Meghalaya. Theso slioul'] come up expeditiously#

Besi^ies, it is suggested that storage facilities

for' Kerost.-ne should a'J.S' be created at one addi

tional point in each c-f the constituent units•

CEMiilNT ; According to an assessment made by NEC, the

anticipated requirement of Cement by 198.‘'‘> will be

15*40 lakh tonnes as against the likely demnnd

of lakh tonnes during’. 1984*-B5, At. present,

only abnat ^0% of the total requirement of Cement

is proluci-d in this region. The levy quota of

Cement from the 2 factories in this region is

nnly ^0,000 tonnes, Takiiig the region's rec[ulre-

ment of levy quota of Cement at 2 lakhs tonnes,

ibout 1 *3 lakh tonnes of levy Cement come from

outside. Some of the problems experienced by the

States/HTs In regard to procurement of Cement ere-

(a) the (|u:irterly alQiocation made by the Cement

Controller falls fet short of the actual neeJ and

there is a wide gaij betw<?en allc)catlon and actual

supply; (b) the procedure in resiiect of levy Cv ment

Is extremely cumbei'some and complicated. It 'ilso

giveE. scope to the suppliers to deny the allotees

Contfl. . . •

/ 1 he full a.] l o t t p r j

/ quote of CemGirtj (c) Transport subsidy for Cement

is not reimbursed regularly and expeditiously; (dO

transportation of Cement from factories located

outside creates problem besides being highly

expensive. The following suggestions may be consid

ered for improving the situation

a) Quarterly allocation of Cement shoulii be made

on the basis of realistic requirement of the States/

UTs and supply of Cement as per the allocation should

be ensured;

b) the procedure in respect of supply of levy

Cement should be liberalised and the suppliers

should be made legally bound to supply the allotted

quantity fully;

c) In addition to the Cement Dump at Jogigopha,

the CCl should o])en additional dumps rit (luv^ahati,

DJ.mapiir 'uid Silchar from where the State Govts,

can lift their allotted quote every month;

d) As regards transport subsiriy, the procedure

should be changed to allow the factories to

adjust the transport subsidy at the time of

receipt of payment for Cement supplied to the

allottees and the Government of Tnilia should

reimburse the subsidy to the factories.

e) Satisfvictory functioning of the Cetm?nt

dutnps should be ensured. The dum]) charges in

I’espect of the allottees in NE [Region may be

waived;

i ) In view of the high cost of Cement, mainly

due to heavy transportation charges, the entire

requirement of Cement of this region may be

met fj’om the levy quota. The lakh toruies of

Cement })mduced b the 2 factories in this

region may be allowed to be distributed within

the region and for t.hls pLU'^pose, the Cement

-faotorles may be given necessary production subsidy;

- 336 -

_) The long tt rm solut Ion w.LLir the

pIfreiuctiliDn of CeiJieiit wlt'.hln the rL; ',i.nn, The porwSpcctivG

plan foi’ cement ivrGpired by Ni’-jC envi s aging i.ir'idu 'ti on

of 7 -1 fih h fxuMum , hr -l.alcha torjne ?* 99n

way be linp'leni'jnted,

SJEEh ; The region»s r0quj,r(-ment of steel of various"*

categories is estirn?.fted roughly at 2 lakh M/T. per

annum Lack of adequate stook-yard andmovemont of

heavier sectionis of steel are the main conHtrolntB.

The present stook-yard at New Hoiigaigaon covering

about 10-1!? acres In inadequate. SAIL may open

enlar^re.i stock-yard at Guwahatl which crm f-rllitate

unloading of 30*40 wagons of steel matnrial at a time.

Bc’sides, smaller stock—yards should be opened at

Dharmanagai’, Silchar, Dimapur and TinGukia,/

6 . The folLov;lng Bt^nt^;gy f x streiif;tliaril(i{; anri Impt-ovJrif;

the Public D istr ib u tio n System Id the N<''rth ^lastoru Riigvou I s

ci igf Qi ted j- ' , " ”

i The number of commodities to bo covered by the

labile Llrvt.rlbutlon System should incrc'asud in

relr''tion to the Nor'th Eastern Region. The list of

aelecteu commodities should include- (1) Rice,

(2) Wheot, (3) Sugar, (4) Edible Oil, (5) S ^lt,

(6) Kerost^ne, "(7) Matnh Box, (8) Washing Soap,

(9) Commoti Lioth, (10) Exercise books for students,

(11) Tea leaves, (12) Pulses, (13) Vanaspati,

(14) Mustard 0 1 1 ,‘ (1^) Cotton and Woollen Yarn;

11) In view )f the absence of railways in many

parts of the North Eastv.rn Region, the Out .\genoy

svotem as recommended by the V/orkj n^ Groui- set \ip

b7 1:he Railw '^y Reformii sh )U ld be made

oporativ^i. As sugg'jstud by the ‘WoiVliig Group the

Out ngtuicies with tbit;sfopic TintQ8 ehnuid bci nv f ntid

at the f;)llo'wing 20 places

1 . It'TOagar 5 8 . ImphriL

2, Pnaiglnt 9 . Churaohandp-jr.

. ......................................

- «

Mizoram Tripura

10. Shillong 14, Alzawl )o. Agartala

11. Nongstoln 15, Lunglal 19 , Ambasa

NaA^aland 20, f Jd aipur,

16, Kohlma

17. Mokokwhung

- '338 -

1 2 , Jowal

13. Tura

ill) The public dl.gti-lbutlon syslern should be unlX'ormly

a three-tier one- apex body at the State 1,-vel, whole

sale organisation at the District level and the retail

outlets. The entire structure should function in an

integrated manner is a single chain of distribution;

iv) In very sparsely populated areas arrangements

should be made to make available essential commodities

at v/eekly Hats/Bazars;

v) In the remote tribal areas, the PUS should not rnly

arrange supply of essential consumer goods but qlso all

other roquJ.rements of the local people like InputB and

also try to provide iiiarketlnti support for the locnl

products.

v l ) The fair price shoj/.n; in the interi'.)r areas of the

region have to maintain stocks of assentlal commodities ■

tor comparatively lun/r.^r duration. This results in

blockin/^ of capital foj- longer period. Besides, in view of t le

of the sparseness of pr>pulation the number of card holders

for (irich FPS being low the fair pri Oe shojis are not

viable. Therefore, thf? fair price shops in thest-? areas

shouJ.d be given flnanc:.aj support by way of interest au'Asldy

managerial subsidy etif-.

V'il) lo I’educe the co^ t of esseritlal commodities at the

points of retail dlstri button, it may be considered whether

tr. ansportatlon cost fi’.am tfie dfstrlrd, headquartei’s/

allocation points upto the godowna of FPS can be allowed.

In case of j loe ;ind wht^at the Govil Committees' recommend-

a tim that the i^xoess or the transportation cost over

C aitd , , .

Hs. 15 por quintal In respect )f all 'iruas the St te/

UT Govt.s may bG accepted, Thl.g may be i*eviewed

after every three yerirs and tfio rate nf reimbursement

may be Increased if there Is furthei’ hike In cost 'if

transportatl)n.

vll;I ) Since lack of adequate storage facllttlea poBes

major hurdle In the ])roper functioning of thtrp .ibll c

distribution system, storage capacjty Inside tue reglin

shfiuld be augmented. The t:)tal storage cai.jaci !:y of

3 .79 lakhs availoble wi th the F’GI in tfiis rug'on if-'

inadi-qtiotr in so far as this capacity Js sufi(d.ent

enough for storage fo/' 4 m'>nths only while In view of

the transjjortatlon problem duiving the rainy S( ason,

storage capacity has to be built for 6 m )nths There

Is pro[)Osol for creating addj tional str>rage fr ^\ilities

of 1 ,55 lakh MT by FCl and Central Ware Housiiig

Cf'r'/’ Tatli^n In this region. The Working, Uroup to

study the system of satl sfcctoryly )rganislng siipolles,

services and w ork in thu NE fêî.jn considering; the

exlstliig facilities in thi’ region and .''ther factors

like plans for creating additional storage facilities,

out agencies, dlsti'ibutton " f population, roaci net

work recommentied that an riddltion 156000 (Mts) storage

capacities may be created In tills region. The places

at which these capacities iria- be creat-ed are shown

in Annexure [, This progromtne may also bo -tiakea up

and compleied urgently.

1x) Storage lacilitles in ilie rural areas should

be suffciently impr )ved which will not only ensure

nval lability of essential Cammod ities but woul als ;

reduce loss durin^^ storage. The percentage of pc)st~

harvest loss of foodgrains 'iurinî storage wait i vti.mated

by the Pans^j Committee at 6.58% tin:! in the N .irth

Eastern Regi,on the loss 13 believed to be higher than

the national average. The State/UT Governments

sh )ul(i take jullest advantage of the Central s:-heme

- 339 -

for setting up of TMtl ,nal Grid of rural gorlowns

Introduced in 1979. Th'' Workshop cm Agricultural Mr^rketiag

and Rural Godov/ng held in Shillong on 16th 8< 17th October

1984 recommended that the present rn.te of subsidy under

the scheme should be roise.d to 75% in relation to the

NE Region, The three-tier storage system - at National

level, State level, District/Village level, as suggested

by the Rural Credit Survey Committee appointed by Govt,

of India in 1954, should be implementfivd in this region

for which, Central Government should o I'inancial

assistance, A Committee of Experts may be constituted

to assess the total requirement of godowns at State,

District and Rural levels and work cut the financial

dimension. Common complaint of the St'tes/d''"s that

allotted steel material are not suppl in full and

that these are not available in required specifications

should be looked into and remedial measiu^e.s taken.

- 340 -

- 341 -

ANNEXURi';^!

RBCOMlENIJfiD JYEA3TatN JiE a rn r * ^^VIGBS & works TN MORTH

Placej

T - -"Sapacity

(MTa)Tilace

I . Aruancijnl Pradti.gh

Itanagar BomdllaZeroTez«

1 0 , 0 0 0 *

2,000X w Z «

’ aJ.mkpun^j

Pasighntalotig Taw ring

Manipur

Imphal 10,000IJkhrul 2 000Chura Cbandpur 5^000 Jiribam 5^000iamenglong 2,000

Me^halay?;^

ShillongJawni

TuraNongstoJ n W i 111amnag ar

2 4 , ono

1 0 , 0 0 05 . 0 0 0 '3,0002 . 0 0 02,000

? 4 , o o n

2.0002.0003.0005.0002.0001.000

2 9 , noo

• Naiialand

KohlmaMokckchungDlmapurMonPhek

V. Mizoram

AlzawlLunglelSaltreChamphalBhalrabi /Kolosib

• Tripura

KumarghatDharmanagarUdalpui'AmbasaKhowai

Assam

HamramMurkong Sellek Ohemaji

Capacity(MTa)

2 ^ ^

5 . 0 0 0

5 . 0 0 0

5 . 0 0 0

2.000 2,000

1 9 . 0 0 0

5 . 0 0 0

5 . 0 0 0

. 2 , 0 0 02.000 5 , 0 0 0

i "^7oncT

10.00010.0005.0005.0002.000

~32, ono

2.0002,0005 , 0 0 0

Or and Total 1B6 , 00li Mt. 9 , noo

- A -

brn.rn:E & TLCiiNOLnn y

I t -is i j i ; l ] knnun t.hnt. t hi- i n f r a ' > i rue 1 ur> 1

j Hf'dF’quFC i £'K pr e tht: inoi nr hpnd. l cops t o u p r d e dr vi l nprrHnt

o f N. f ♦ R r q l n n , Iht; g i oq ra [ihi cn 1 ( -nd to ptxj nh.1 c; 1 hef . u -

■ l i a r i i i B a pr f j v/pl rnt i n d i f f e r e n t . S t a t e s ' iJTc o f t h i e r^ ' ql Dn

r R f i u t r e a I nnn o f .1 nt:Hrrl t :pnndan and t hus n nGRsi fc. ' t i nq

an i n t f qr(\!t(^d n p p r o o c h f o r dr Wi .1 npmf- nhal pr nqr ommGS, A

s u b s t a n t i a l p o r t i o n o f r-:c(if.mrs i n the; r e q l o n f- rc RF^r;n~

t i e l l y p r o m n t i o n p l i n n n t i i r c t oun r dr . b i i i l d i n q n r c p ! ' s ; r y

i n f r a c t r u c t u r e u h i c h may st ruej as a cpt,a ly;^t f o r a l l

r o u n d dr ur: loprnc n t , T h e r e f o r e j , u ar i o ur . snhcmr.s i n c o r p o r a t r

0 mu 11 1 d l s c i p 1 ] nr! r y and m i i i t i l o v e j tt ichnf) l f jq I n a l i n p u t s

u . i t h appro pr i?‘ t f-, t f c h n o l o q y f o r o t t f j n i n q t he maximum

L f f i f i t ;nr,y, Tt i iR necf Sf.;i n t r s an inhe r i nt a p p r o a c h f o r

a p p l i c r ’t i o n o f Sni Fmct l f c h n o ] o q y i n t he Bcheme. p r o p o -

SV 1 B ,

2, The-i papt- r e n t i t l n d t h p a p p r o a c h to t h e S e v e n t h

Fiv/e Yf ar P l a n 1^8b~199n i s s u e d hy t he P l a n n i n g Commi ssdnn

i n d i c a t e s t h a t i n t he S t v r n t h F i u e Year P l a n " A t t e m p t

u i l l be to qi v/e- up tht. pract . ic^^ o f c o n s i d e r i n g S c i e n c e ?

T r c hno. l oMy as a s e c t o r i n i t s nun r i g h t and to e n s u r e t h a t

t he h u l k o f S r i e n c t T f c h n o l o q y e f f o r t s i a an i n t e g r a l

p; r t o f p11 E c o no mi c s t r a t e g i c s e c t o r ” . I n t h i s c o n n e c

t i o n , thi q u i d e l l n t s f o r \/ar i ous l i i orki nq G r o u p s i s s u e d by

t h e P l p n n i n q r o mmi s s i o n f o r f o r m u l a t i n g t h f i r r r commenda

t i o n s pr e q i v f n i n A n n e x u r e , The S c i e n c B and T e c h n o l o g y

comnonf nt i n v/ar i ous s e c t o r a l pr nqrammes h?’ V/e been

i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h r i r r r s p r c t i v e c h n p t r r . T h u s t h e

o r r s f n t c h a p t e r h r i n q f i o u t o n l y a d d i t i o n n l p o i n t s

u t i i c h tipue no t been c o n B i d t r t d i n t e r l i e i c h a f i t e r s

ri l a t . i n n t o Nn r t l i F ' ast er n R e q i u n a l Commi t t ee f o r S c i f n c e

T e c h n o l o g y , S c i e n c e i^usium/Ci ri trr jR H«id m « t t r r . r f l n t i u g

to E p r t h n u p k r R i s k f w p l u a t i o n .

I n accordancjE, u i t h t he p o l i c y o f t he Gov/t.

n f I nr l i a i n t he 6 t h I i we Year P l a n , to hr\ju Sci cr f ce

<jnd f n c h n o J o g y as G c i s c i t i a l assr 3ci at e o f de Wf l o pin on t

p l a n s , t he N n i t h E' ant ern R e q i o n a l Committf j t f o r Sci t^ncG

nri(j T u c h n o l o g y (MF:RC5i ) uas c o n s t i t u t E i d under t h e N n r t h

f n B h e r n C o u n c i l S c c r f t a r i a t , T h i s Commi t t er i s

LXiDirictE d tn u o r k a a a f o c a l p o i n t i n t he N o r t h E p o t r r n

Reqi or i f o r deuel opmr nt o f RdO f a c i l i t i e a i n t ho c o n s t i

t u e n t u n i t s o f No: tfn F a i i : e r n R&qi on and to f n s u r o mf;ana

o f g c i c n c c i n j i u t s i n t h e r e m o t e and b a c k u a r d a r e a s , A

fedf r a t i u e s y s t f m hn- bt pn env/i saged i n t h e NERCST to

m o n i t o r t h r a c t l v l t i r ^ s o f the S t a t e C o u n c i l s i n t he

' C o n 1 11ue-nt 5 t a t e / I J 1 s ,

I t i s e n v i n a g r d t h a t t h e NERCST u o u l d

become! an e s s e n t i a l f r tio c i p t e o f p l a n n i n g measur es f o r

t h e o \ i e ; r - a l l developrr-v n i n l pr ogr amme i n t he N o r t h F a s -

t .ern R e g i o n . Nine: U o r k i n g r o u p s u o u l d bn s e t - u p as

e u g o e s t e d i n t he s ec ond me e t i n g o f t he S t a t e C o u n c i l s

r^t O a n g a J o r e tn s y s t e m a t l c a l l y a n a l y s i s t he u e a l t h of

n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s and t h e i r e x p e c t a t i o n p o t e n t i a l ,

5* As per t he d l r e c t i u e f o r t he Seuent h P l a n ,

S c i e n c e and T e c h n o l o g y u o u l d be i n t e g r a t e d i n t o i,he

mai n t r eam o f d e v e l o p m e n t a l p l a n n i n g and i t u o u l d f or m

p n i t o f t he ma j o r p i o g -amme o f t r a n s p o r t and c ommuni ca

t i o n , e n e r g y , re so l i re: , i n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o p me n t , u t i l i s a

t i o n of n a t u i a ] pfr sou cea, agi ir;;u 1 ture: and a l l i e d s e c t o r ,

hc al i . h manaf)em(,nt e t c , I t u o u l d be i n c u mb e n t f o r any

(le v/e l opment scheme i;o onRur e t h e u t i l i s a t i o n of t h e

a p p r o p r i a t e i e i h n o l o o y to i n c r e a s e produci - i v/i t y and

e f f i c i e n c y , r e d u c e c a u l t a l o u t l a y , g r n e r a i e empl oyment

n n n o r t u n i t i e s , and c n at e a u a r e n e s s i n t h e ar ea r e g a r d

i ng the i m p o r t a n c e o f S c i e n c e and T e c h n o l o g y as i ,ool

f n :i' de volt) p me n t ,

r.

Sir .it ot ;y aiid ip p r o >o li j

(1) The WEHOBT nui y '. nt iblish ol 'S.- •

with thw v.'i.r.i ’118 reav;.iroh lab'^r.itrvri l. md .f"! i.lcîo iu:, :.i-

tubions in north-eautorn region iind "unobi n ae th.; fuo.:l

poliit for generating Soiunoo :ind T* r'UnolOf’,, uianpovsfcr

required for the over-âll dtiveiopmun' I n. 1 of th rr^.Lon

-la a wh!')le,

( i i ) -Erfoj'ta may be nu:.do to ensure bho

eduo-ition of gciuijoe nnd teohnnlogy to suIvl th(3 basio

problem of the rural population in particular in bhe region

by eAtcajsion aotivities and tmnafur of beohnologiLs from

the .laborL:torl68 to the grass-root Level with the aim of

improving bhe quality of life of the peiplo. Model expe-

riments/demonBtr.ttjon projeots/pilot plans would bo sut-up

in important areas such as new energy sources, integrated

environnjenbal probeotion methods, dis'âse control programiries,

creation of germ pl,iom b-mka and gene aanotuarlos oto.

Thin will involve a ologu coordination with specialised

,:;ôvernment, departments such is BST, Dm s, DOE, lOAR, lOMR

S: SCIR etc. The Council for advancement of rural technology

under the Ministry of Bural Development may be utilised for

their expertise & infrastructure to aoc^lerate the develop

ment activities in the r-gion,

..ii i ) ThoUf-,h the North Easter:|i Region is not

having . SL ri thru it to the enviromientai pollution from

th'- Industi'i'-Q, but a serious thre:it is bei][ig felt b<Bcause

of the ,jhuniing cultivation. Efforts might bb mad( to create

the atm-^sphere wheru the practice of jhum.Lhg cultivation

poui.d b i replaced among the tribal people 1-y otlier avoca—

ti)na. Preservation of ecology and tribal oultur- would

make a primary objective on iny developmental soPieme,

Iv) To assess the wealth and pot ential of

natural resources of Vcie north-eaatern region, the NEC

oecretari .t i-ay establisli a Consortiijri of Survey Organi—

Boti'ns in blie north-'easto.rn region which might act as the

f j Int for iJJidertfaking sur^/eys of n itural resources,

preparation of invontorieo utc. Tho rumoto otrsing faoili-

tioB v/oiild .be utilisud for rapid resource evajiiation. This

might be coordinatad undur the scheme of Regional Centre

for Hugouroo iHvaluationj Documentation and Information

Syetum, being proposed in the 7th Plan.

(v ) As the Boionoe and TuohnoJ ogy lias to

become the est^enti^il asBOci ite of planning fcr dO'/-elopTuent5

it is proposed to or^.ate a Gciunoe and T^ chn i.ogj tlell in

the North Eastern Oounoil Sueretari it, This Cv.i;l would hu

headed by a Sr. Scientist asslrited hy a group of Scientific

Offioer. As the North Eastern Oounoil Seobt. .l )oicing

after the developmunt scheiiius and iXready a good amiber of

experts in various fields of bt..ohr!ol :)gie3 arc: avai lable, th( .

experts may be inv.aved in tho ensuring the v ' ri ro.B science

-ind teclinology inputs f')r duvulopoontal progrrannie under each

suotor, A scheme for cremating of Sc‘?:T Ooll at N ,E ,0 , has becjn

undur consiauratiin with tie j')epartiriunt of Soxonoe T.ich-

nolpgy, This cell w mid al.oo aaolst the M5R0ST

(vi) To develop a basic cultuie among the

(educated people about modern soiunco and teohnology develop--

ments and faiiiliarioation at ill luvele with rhe basic ecien'^L

tific tiioughts through aud in-visual methods ao i direct

obaei'vation of working methodd „ It h-is been sbrouped to

have Science Mu-oeum/Cuntres in c,ac]i constituei' u unit in

North Go,sturn Region, Tiiu Nati 'jnal Oounoil ol .^^clence Museum

(NOSM) is the nodel n.rY-'n.nifjati -n to liave t.}xpt;‘''le.aee in this

field* NEC uiay assist NCSM and other Statens t ' ci'oate such

Science Centrea/Musoums in O'lch constituent unit, Hanning

Ooimnission and Science & TechnoJ Dgy need to b.-. coi-v-inced

about tho nriture of the S(>iencL Oohtrus i-;hicii the States in

N.E, Region should havu, di.pendjn^^ on the spue-fie need of

the region. In this c^jnnection^ it would be ai a r - l a t e to

have a me(;ting of repres. ntativua frnm PlannJ : OoumisBionp

Deptt. of Soience and Ti ohnology, NCSM u .ich Suate/llTo and

NEC to worki!)ut a suitab.l.e pr'^graiiime, lack of eni miunioation

and nhdefotanti j,ng 'f tht: vi ev/s of tliose •.''rf-ianlo it'* )no 'ire

coming in the way if formulatii-;! in w 'lrkable "origi' miie In

this r<jgard.

(vti) It, ia nenegp.'iry to h'.ive tho i-artioipa-

tion of thu pe >plu at cliff^^r nt I l v Ib in t‘ v uil vtin,• th_:

Soiuiiou ana TeohnoI-'>gy plan \f th -.'t In VaiB o mn'o-

tivon, it la cloBirablcj t) li iv>; non- of f id . boi l i ^û r/ach lo

Stat^; Soiunou B )oic3ty oto. Thoe i oooiutiod wo il-l hnvt;- the

pria iry t isk of partioipation -f p ^ ' a t different 1 -vJly

inciuf3in^ thu ac iduiiioian in ^/ivin^ the \riews ruj arclinj.;

soienou and toohnol'gy priority in tUo n, MBIC u:xy aeoiot

uaoh sb'ito unit in hiving GHoh Scjioncu Bociotiua ?ind by v/ay

of fund in/ utc,

Neouaaary help wûid ho pr )vidud to tho

^/ariouo oonstltatjnta of bhe ME Ri;/:,ion in t.;itn.blishin{' and

funotioniri/; of B&T Oounoile in each Sbatc/UTa.

(v iil) The Intornati.nal Workshop on Btronn

Motion InQtri.ii;ient‘ition ho]d in Honoiuia in May, 197B haa

idontlfiod that North WaBte.rn Jndi i a,‘j ino of the r:i)at aix

oorthquakie prono aroaa of the world and thot there remain

hii 'h de^.reu of pr )babilitiy of ooouranoe of earthqu/ite in

the .area. Many etudi.ia baeed r-n Btotiatioai. analyBif^ Indi-

n atw; v.i poawibility of occurence of a lar^gu earthquîke in

tho ru/'ion in near future. To facilitate devolopiient of

re,;ional cad re a in oi. iai:nlof;ioal opervotiona, couiâea on

oeiaaol -f:y ahould be orâniaed by the Phy0ioa/(T00p!iyai0a

Doparti.i-!nti::! 'if tho re/îona.i. oniveraitioa. The Univerait;^

repreaent iti\a.o and the NEO re urged to initiate action

in thia ro/ârd, l\Oierevcr poaaible, couraea of eeiaiiol 'gy

0'>ull bt.c ûj o,n inter'.ral part of the exiatin^^ ayl Labi^

Thia roooiiiiendat ion was aade in view of the difficult lea

being cxperienoud by different agenciea in {,cttinc opera

tional poraonnol for aeiau>uetric atatlonH.

(ix) In the 6th noeting of thc Sarthquake

liiak Evaluation Oounoil held in Shilion/? on 6'2-^4» the future

rolv )f E irthquaice Riak iihralurition Oounoil and Earthquake

Riak Ev -Ivi .tion Centre creattid by North Eaatern Oounoil waa

diacuab-d, Tlio Earthquake Riak Eviluatic. i Oounoil recooiien'-

ded th'at I,', the activitiea under the Oounoil and tlie Centre

are Multjdiaoiplinary in nature involving; the participation

■f Ox i'aniaationa auoh aa Indian Meteorolo/îcal Departuent,

l\.7ioal Survey of India, OBIR, Survey of India (■to. Kee-

in ' in vi ^w the nature of activitiea it nifdit be conaidered

.v\. an Aut u >tioua Bepartaient creoted in the North Eaatern

* r Earthqualte Risk Evaluation to expedite con-

i : . ' li t'>s_j ;r: rfiHLiea*

Ann I xtnc

SclFnf'p S Technolnqv rkn/' !□ f-rni nk in en t h P l a n - r,uidt?.! innrj f u r Uoi k i n q ("rnupe.

on ':airiG j s a ui i s at thd Tf) riiiu n !. j on . st . ni : .

5cie?nce and t e c h n n l o q y hawR c r j t i c f . l l o l c tn

p i n y i n t he dev/t-J□ pmont prncRS!- ; , er.ip(-r .1 e 11 y i n (■ nd(^;fi-

v/nur f o r a c h i a y i n q 3 p 1 f-rr; 1 i n n n r as u y . l l ai-j ac':nt l B ] f?h.inn

q f t hp p a n B o f df - ut i Jnf i mr nt , Ovf r t hf vf i ar - ; , n r f of-''’nr li y

qnnd i n f r a s t r i i c t u r r has hi fm b u i l t , , f o r undE rfnI<1 nn

t a s k s i n n nuinhrr o f arfoan and s e n t n r c , T ht K f f q r t G tn

h a r n F s e t h e pntc n t i a l n f i-he S T dpv/c Inptnt^ni i n f hi

n n u n t r y and u t i l l s i n q i t f n r at h j p u i n q t.he s n c l o - r r n n n r n i c

q q a l a have , hnuGV/er, c n n t l n u f d to rr . main u e l l fie I nu e x p ~

e c t a t i o n a . The t r a d i t l n n a l appr r i ach to p l a n a and p r o n r e -

miTiGB 1n t h r S & T eecttbi- havn to bn changBcJ,

2 , T h t r a t i n n a Js f a r i nuG- tmt n t s i n S.-T deur JopniEnt

can nn ] .nnqr-r c n n t i n u F to br: c o n f i n r d on. l y to b u i l d l n q up

n p m nndf'd r a p a b i l i t y , o r com’Tt t r nc t ^ achr evei nent I n S ^ T .

Tho p r a c t i c e o f c h o o s i n g S T schf.me' as s e p a r a t a , d i s -

i o i n t d and f r a o m E n t r d seqmcnt s u n d e r d i f f n r r n i : s e c t o r s

n r de o a r t me n t B t e n d s tn c nmpa r t me nt a 11 sg ther-.e and q u i t e

n f t f : n r e s u l t s i n i n e f f e c t i v t proqrammc s o f s ma l l d i me n -

s i o n nomparci ! to t h e demands of l a r g e r g o a l s and i n v e s t -

rtif n t s n f t h e s o c i o - e r o n n m i c s e c b o r a as u e l l as t h e i r p h y

s i c a l t ' - ' r g t t s , F n r u t i l i s i n g t he ful . l p o t e n t i a l n f S T

at ' hr c c ' n c e nt ue l as u e l l as the i mpl t m e n t a t i o n le \/f:ls,

mul h i - d i ; >c ; i p l i n p r y and m u l t i ~ i n s t i t u t i o n a l pr ogr ammes u o u l d

hav/e to [le o r g a n i s e d f o r s o l v i n g t h e l a r g e r t e c h n o l o g i c a l

di mnnds o f ma j o r s e c t o r s i n t he P l a n ,

T h e r e i s an u r g e n t need f o r a c l e a r d r f i n i t i o n

nd PE^tt i nq o f m a i n r n a t i o n a l g o a l B hnd t he n n n t r i b u t i n n

t n he fnade by end t h r o u g h S A T ' :o achi c' /e t h e s e , Sueh

S S T q n a l s y e u l d tie d e r i v e d from t he b a s i c o b j o c t i u e s s( ; t

Lit in, t he s h o r t r - l . e r m. Fi uer Yaar Pl an as u e l l as t h e p e r -

snect i \/e ( l b y e a r s ) fi lan f o r di f f er f - ^nt s e c t o r a l t a r g e t s ,

t ! i 0 a ! ^ r m r i a t e u n r k i n g g r o u p s c o n s t i t u t e d to f o r m u l a t o

F i ’/e Y a r P l a n u o u l d haue an i m p o r t a n t r o l e to p l a y

- -

i n t h i s r e g a r d . As a c o n s eq uen c G, some o f t he mBmhers o f

t h e Uor ki . nq Hr n u p s f u r the:; s V c t o r a l p.l.an t o g e t h p r u i th

r npr e RBntati\/E?s o f S& T i n a t i t u t l o n s and a g e n c l t s anci

o t h e r h i g h lev/el s c i e n t i s t s and t e n h n n i o g i s t s ( a t ttie

n a t i o n a l 1 b \j p 1 ) c o u l d be s p r c i f i c a l l y a s s o c i a t e d u i t h

t h i s endea\/our to ev/olwe thF' scope and c o n t e n t o f the:,

n a t i o n a l T t a s k s on a m u l t i a g e n c i e s , m u l t i - i n s t i t u t i

o n a l and m u l t i - d i s c i p l i n a r y p a t t e r n . The t h r u s t o f such

n a t i o n a l t a s k s s h o u l d be based on c l e a r l y d e f i n e d s nt tiniEi

t a r g e t s and r t i s o u r c e a l J o c a t i o n , u i t h t e c h n o l o g y d e l i u r r / /

t i a n s f e r f o r a p p l i c a t i o n as t h e a i m. S c i e n c e A d u i s o r y

Commi t t ee to i h r f ' . abi nr t lias recommended t h a t ” a l l l a r c

i n v e s t m e n t s i n thf^ 5t :venbh PJ an i n t he S A T a r e a , s h o u ' l

e s s e n i . i a l l y comf; t h r o u g h i i f f o r t s r e l a t i n g to such n a t i o n - ' l

g o a l s . Funds f o r u n d e r t a k i n g suc h n a t i o n a l S & T larsks u ' l l

com.e from a l l o c a t i o n s to t h e c o n c e r n e d s f c t o r s and n n p r o -

p r i a t e l e a d a g e n c i e s and p r o j e c t management s t r u c t u r e s

I l ave to bo s e t u p " ,

1 he f . u r r e n t cr j ncept o f p l a n and n o n - p l a n f : j ndi r , ;

has no r e l e v a n c e i n +,he a r ea o f 5& T ; t h e r e has to be a

t o t a l a p p r o a c h to d e p l o y me n t o f t h e r e s n u r c e a (ria t e r i al s .

e g u i p m e n t s , ma n p o u e r , f a c i l i t i e s as u e l l as f i n a n e i f i J )

t o ua r t i s t h e S<!? T o b j e c t i v e e and pr og r ammes. The c o n c e p t o f

z e r o based b u d g e t t i n g recommended by t he S c i e n c e A d v i s o r y

Commi t t ee t o t he C a b i n e t has to fje a c c e p t e d and a c c o r d i i i g l y

a p p r o p r i a t e p r o c e d u j ' t e v o l v e d by conct. r ned depar t ni ent G i o r

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n p r i o r to I.he s t a r t o f t he S e v e n t h P l a n ,

^ Tt i ere i s a l r e a d y a c e r t a i n i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t i Xi st i.ng

f o r 5 T i n t he c o u n t r y e , g , i n v a r i o u s s c i e n t i f i c i n s t j -

t u t i n n s , a g e n c i e s , v a r i o u s depa rtmein I. s , un i \/era i t i ca et e ,

I t i s n e c e s s a r y t o G Q n s o J i d a t c and moderni se! suc h capab.1

J i t i e s to t h e exte^nt neiCf s a a r y and ri l e v a n t to t he i u t u i •

I n t h a t c o n t e x t , i t i s i n c u mb e n t on the Si T i n s t i t u t i o n . /

agenci e. s e. tc, to d i sei ar d a c t i v i t i e f i and i n v e s t m e n t s y h i e l i

a r e unpr o d u c t i \/e o r l i k e l y to be so i n the- f u t u r e and to

e n s u r e t h a t r esour cei s a r e d i v e r t e d to pr oor ammes i i J c n t i f ' e d

i n the FUan, f l odET ni s e t i o n u o u l d i n c l u d e r e p l a c e m e n t o f

o l d e g u i p me n t and i n v e s l : me nt e t e . by c o n t e m p o r a r y i t ems s

y e l l as p r o v i d i n g t he n u e e e s a r y f a c i l i t i e s f o r S & 1

p e r s o n n e l u h i c h a r e l a e k t n g and u h i c h have an i mpor t . ant

h p n r l n q on t he p r n d u c t i \ / r o u t p u t oi t he f > c i ^ n t i 9 t and

t e c h n o l o q j n t a ,

6. T I um B I s a nnprj to qr ou nomp9tf nr f rniJ .t i l l i n

t m e r q l n q a r e a s o f a n J p n c f and t« c h n o l n q y , os e r n a u l t o f

f a s t r h o n q i n q de v/f; lo pmf nt s i n t h e u o r l d j iM'ch aifJHi

I n r l u d n m.1 ( ; r o - p 1 f ( ;t ron. i nti , b l o - t nchno j o q y , o c o a n u g r a p h y

0t c , Thfj mannor o f f u n d i n g such a r P 0 | t h e i r l o c a t i o n ,

e x t e n t o f f u n d s P t c , u o u l d ho d B c i d n d nn n n a t i o n a l h p 8 l a

and not t h r o u g h I n t f r n a l d p c i a l o n B o f i n d l i / i d t i a l o r q a n l e p -

t i o n a , houev/er, t hp c h a r t e r c a p o h i l i t i r s onrl i n t f ’ TPGt e o f

o r g a n i s a t J o n s / i n s 1 11 u t , i n08 uoul d ht tal ' On j n t o conni dt - ’-

r o t i o n i n a r r i v i n g at n a t i o n a l l e v e l di - i c i si ons by t ho

P l a n n i n g C o nmi i s a i o n , r,o\/t;rnmRnt and o t h e r s .

S e v e r a l r pcommnndabi ons have been made on a

v a r i e t y o f i t emn o f r e l n v a n c e to S& T d e v a J op me n t by t he

SACr and ore: un der cone 5 d c r n t i o n o f t h e C o v e r n me n t f o r

i m p l p m o n t a t i o n . T h e s e . I n r i u d e i m p o r t a n t i t e ms J i (> e «-

i ) A p p r n p r i a t e l i n k a g e r b p t u e e n S I T i n s t i t u -

t i o n s / a q e n c i p s , e d u r a t i n n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s as

u e l l as t h e i n r k i s t r y ;

i J ) 1n s t i t u i i o n a l mechani sm and s t r u c t u r p s as

i i e l l as p r o c p d u r o s to be d p v e l o p e d f o r S S. T

d e v e l o p me n t at l e a s t i n t he ma j o r ec onomi c

H i n i s t r . i e9/Department>3 o f t he C r mi . r a l H o v e r n -

ment ( i f h e r e e v e r t h e a e do no t ex i s i . at p r e s e n t ) ,

i i i ) F v o l v i n q anti s e t t i n g up r e v i e u i n g and mo n i

t o r i n g mer hani am f o r a s s ps s me nt o f t he p r o -

g r p s B i n t h e P l a n and the n e c e s s a r y p r o j e c t

manaqemr nt a t r u c t u r e s f o r ma j o r t a s k ^ ;

i v ) Z e r o - h a s r d b u d g e t i n g , i n t p g r a t i o n o f t he P l a n

and N o n - P l a n f u nds and r e s o u r c e a; and invol ve- - ^

mr nt o f f i n p n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s i n t h e ntajar

? ; r ( a8 o f thf o u t l a y and

v ) Tht T r c h n o l o g y P o l i c y S t a t e m e n t ; t h e ' T P S

u o u l d bp i n t r i n s i c to and b a s i c to t he S ^ T

- 3^ 9 -

P l a n n i n g GXRrcise and i t s i mp l L . me n t a t i o n

t o u a r d e n a t i o n a l ab j c c t i .

Ha n y Df t h o s e r o c a mme n d a t i o n s haue t o bu i mpl f

mr n t e d b e f o r e thG s t a r t o f t ha n e x t p J a n , and u n u l d t h u s

c o n s t i t u t e t ha base on u h i c h the S & T P l a n u o u l d hauu

to hf s t r u c t u r e d i n f u t u r e .

- 2 . ^ 0 -

CHAPTER - \J

— a®! I —

; n m. _ mr NT Ai iHN cir p l m . M D

[ ^ Bf or r !.1isensS.1 nq ttie q u f s S l o n o f r f f r c t i U G

cno r d i n a t i o n Rnd i mpl f rnf;nt h b in n o f pJan anrl pr nqi arnmr s i t

u 1 . l l bn appr n pr i atti tn r n n B l d e r t h i ! r j m p n r t a n t a-3ri6 ctjp

o f (ipuf I n p mr p t p l a p n i n q Dr oni i s s , n a me l y , p l a n f n r m u l a t . i n n ,

f n u n i t n r i r i q nnri pua J u a + l f ) n , 1 hnsf aspt- clc- iiaui h r i i r e c t

l 3t )ar lnq on .Impl f . mRntat I nn anrl coo r d l n n t i n n »

2* P l a n f o r m u l a t i o n rf l a t e s t o t h f s t u d y o f e r o n o -

mj c f n o a l b l l i i . y and dtJB 1 r a b l 1 i t y o f l a r g e , concE-n t r o t f d

1 nv/f;S hmp^nt pro if c t s on onr hand r e n o q n i s i n q thf' dfifrds

o f J o n a l aJ t uaf c i on on thf' ot hf i T h a n d , n f i n i t o r l n q i n an

.1 nnt c umbi ht n i n t he handf-; of adml n j s t r a t i on to e n a u i e t h a t

t h o o h j f . ct i \/( s o f a programmr. i n s p t c j f ic a r r ao a r e b n l n q

achjrj\/0 d. The c r n t r a l purposr . o f fno n i to r.i nq lb i,o pro wi de t

t i m e l y ^ r f ; Q u l a r and dr p e n d n t i l n i n f o r m a t i o n on t h n G x e n u -

i. io n anr) pr onr f - SB o f pr oqr . j mmf s t hn t art adml ni s hcr t i d, i t

can a l s o ht d e f i n f ' d as an n x e r c i s e of' k o e p i n q ( o n s t a n t

u a t c h on i.he e x e c u t i o n and p r o g r e s s o f .a pr ogr amme at

d i f f n r G n t l e v e l s i n r e l a t i o n to i t s t a r g e t u i b h a v i e u to

t a k i n g t i m e l y c o n e c t l v e mr ' asures as and uihen r e q u i r e d to

e n s u r e t h r R u c r c s a f u l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f f eoqr ammes. E v a l u

a t i o n s t a r t s u h e r r p r o g r e s s r e p o r t i n g and i n v e s t m e n t s u r v e y s

en d . U h i l f p r o g r e s s r e p n r t i n q i s neut r c 1 t o tfie o b i e c t i v e s

o f e programme i n \/icu, e v i i l n a b i o n i s v i t a l l y i n t e r e s i e d

i n t h a t . I t , , t h u s , i n v o l v r s t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a r e l a ~

t i o n i i h i p \.ii1h p o l i c y nnd met hods on t h t ’ one hand, and

re^sul t a o f t he o t h e r . I t i s a p o s t - n a l , a l a s s f s s m e n t o f a

programme based on f i t I d r e s u l t s and not a p o s t mor t em o r

mere meiking up v a l u e j ur l gement on i t s i . )orki .ng. I t i s a

f o r y a r d l o o k i n g , a c t i o n o r i enter! e x e r c i s e e s s r n t i a l l y

d i r e n t e d t o y a r d s i d e n i - i f i ca t i on of a r eas o f success- o r

f a i l u r f ; , a p p r a i s a l o f e f f i e i r ^ n t met hod ai i opi ed and

p o s s i b l i : f r e s h apiprciarh* s f o r a t t a i n i n g t h e d e s i r e r l o b j e c

t i v e s , The t h r r e e x e r e i e e s o f ef f r^cl i VF. i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f

p l a n and pr ogr ammes ar e i n t e r r e l a t e d . I t i s ner eBQi - ' i y to

d f r i n t gui dance f o r one based on t h e achiE.^/^.ment i n the

0 1 li t r •

I n fn r m u l a t l m i ‘ nrl e me n t i n q p l a n and pro ■

grammBs Dev/el□ pment CoirimJ s b i □ f‘er p l a y s foJ l D u i n p r n j e s ^

a) D e f i n e o w f r a J l p l a n p r i o r i t y and s t r a t e g i s.-

b ) Hake r e g l n n a J a d o p t i o n o f n a t i a n a . l p o l i c y

to s u i t t l ie s p e c i F i c c o n d i t i n n a o f t h e Ste'l.fj

u i " ' h i h t h (3 brof- 'd f i a m G u o r k o f t h o n a t i o n a l

p l a n .

c ) I n t e r r l rpartmnntf . 1 and i n t e r ag en c y coor d. >,a -

t i o n .

d) Oy er a 1 1 . p r o v . i a i o n s o f t e c h n i c a l e x p f j r t i s e

t u d i s t i - i r t p l a n n i n g c e n t r e s and to o r g a n i

t r a i n i n g o f tht^ s t a f f and

e) U n d e r t a l d n g dev/e Jo pment pr ogr amme f o r thi -

d e v e l o p me n t o f u e ^ k e r s e c t i o n s / h a c k u a r d si/e- s,

U i t h y<3l l d e f i n e d f i i r n c i a l c o n s t r n i n t and

s e c t n r a l aJ l o c a t j o n s paht f r n on th^' onf. hand and u i i . h the

g i v e n s h e l f o f anhemes and p r D - j f c t F on t he o t h e r , P,]Qnr.iJ n

un d e r d.1 s t r i c t l e v e l i s t he e x j r c i s e i n pr og r ammi n g and

c h o i c e o f l o c a t i o n . T h i s I n v o l v e s f j Vi* s t e p s ( a ) a n a l ' / u i s

o f e x - T s t i n g s i i u a t i o n ( b ) t r a n j J . a t i n g o b j b c t i v e s i n t o a p e -

c i f i c t a r g e t s , ( c ) a r r a n g e m e n t o f p r i o l i t . i e s , ( d ) . I d e n i J f i " -

Cf i t i on o f c o n s t r a i n t s o p e r a t i n g f r om u i t h i n a n d / o r o u t & U e

t he s y s t e m and ( e ) s u g g e s t i o n f o r r e mo v a l o f c o n s t r a i n t s , ,

^ l o o k at t h e presef i , s t a t u s i n r e g a r d to tt iene

t h r e e a s p e c t s as o b t a i n e d i n 1 ht N . L . Re g i o n u l L J be r r l e v a n f . .

The f i r s t gueBi . i on t t i at c a l l s I 'or an ansi/er i s : u h e t he" I n

t h i s r e g i o n t h e p l a n n i n n s et uf" at ‘ he S t a t e / D i e t r i c t / B l o c k

l e v e j has t he l e f ^ u i r e d dat a ba^-t.. U n l e s s pr ogr ammes a r

dr aun up k e e p i n g i n v i e u t he c u r r e n t st . at us and p r o b l em i j f

t h e p r o j e c t ar ea s u r c e s b f u l i mpl ement at jtin o f t he progrnmme

c annot br; expf. :ctod, I h i i s nnaJ vt ^ i s o f t h e e x i s t i n g s j t u o r i o n

I s t he f o u n d a l i o n tliat. has to hf. c a r e f u l l y and s k i l l f u l l y

l e i d i n o r d e r to b u i l d firoqramiiie p l a n n i n g t a r g e t , [ ) ata j.n t he

Nr RF o i o n ai'F t i t hej r no! i v / a i l i b l e cj r not acc» t ssi b. l G| o r lub

c o l l e c t e f i at. t he r e q u i t e d l ove' i n r d i 8~a(.)g r ega t i o n , n r tot

c o l l e c t e i l r e g u l a r l y n r eol . b^ct ' d u i t h a e o n s i d e r a b l e tvrir

l ag* In such a n i t ut at i o n , th- r e f o r e , biie f i r s t and f eteniost

- 3f5 -

requi rfome nt for a i j c c o s s f u.l ly ImnlnmBntation n f plan schenipg

Is to s e t up cell which can prov/idp the reiqulrtci data. For

the purpoBb tun d.1ffe;rrnt typos of set-up art requjred :

( a ) mochlnury for c n l U ctinn of Gocio-^enonomi c and techni cal

dsta ancJ (b) fnr lOKulta of eyaluation atudiue uhlch haVG

hfiin taken up In the State /areao* For (n) ahovt' thr bf^ee

Irve.l ( d lB tr lc t ) planning units may be entrusted u i t h the

fol lo ui nn tank i-

a) Assfssmnnt of local necesait les and requj remr ntf^;

b) As8e83rTient of resnurno fnr prfiparatinri of resour

ces Inv/t ntory Including Locfll rnanpnuer resources,

c) Formulati(^n of v lllaqe and pannhnyat plan,

d) Special planning for Soclo-ecnnnmir i n f r a

structure •

e) Inv/olv/lng IncaJ population In pJonninQj Implenien**

tetinn and evialuatinn of development projects**

T^he obj»ctluf*s of ev/aluatlon units may be ( a ) Keep-

.inq all concerned apprised currently of the progress being

Hiade i.bufatds SEcompli shirtg"?Ho' prbgrt^flSe j 5SsT^ (9 ^

pointing out those extentlon methods uhich are proving e f fe c t

ive and those uhich are not, (3 ) helping ©xpJain uhy some

recnmmended practices are adopted u h i l e other are re jected ,

( 4 ) furnishing ins ig ht in the impact o f the National exten-

aion j Keeping in view that the present data

colle ct ion machinery is very ueek in region, the Uorking

Group recommends;

(a) the ex i at ing set up of National Sample Survey may be strengthened in the region so that the

socio-rconomi c data required for p.lan formula

tion can be colJected bn a ayBtematic and regular manner end mode avai lable to th e Statea/UTs a*n t im e ,

(b) the ex i s t i ng Planning and Evaluation set-up In the Statfs /UTa may be «trengthened to enable It

^to take on the task expected of it mere e f f i c i ently,

(c) e yell-thnught out programme of tra inin g the

personnel involved in such task on a permaneit basis may be envoived andimplemented at the regional level uhich NEC may take the Ititlattvfe,

^P‘-in7#iii > 1 '■Jrtve Ua T'kihg Tf ri .ul?// uJ'h-il J-f affi.j^,ir’:TFr.Yn'llfif J L ■ •'. . 1 • R- •■ If I- ■ V ’ V ‘ .X .......... • •■ '

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r p c n r d tt'|e .fact, t h a t . ^ppeRRptl ^. ' t h o i o JfJodg ^ H ^ U a t B

c o - n r d i nat- l ' in among d i Pf er , ^ t |5:i.^mpj.dm6 ntati - i j »g. ' ' ' pênrU^ ' and a

I n t i s to be e x p B c t e d i n r e g a r d ho erPedi t i v ' e 6 u p F r u i s ' i d n o f

programmB i r n p l G me n t a t i o n i n t he f i e l d . Tho U q r k i n g Gr oup

Ufûld l i k e to make t h e fo Il.rttrini^' 'sljcJ’g e^Btib.ris 1 n t h i s r ega d ; ■" »' ‘ r ^

l ) f o r c u - o r c J i n a t i o n a t wnri tûe l o u w l a as a l s of o r m o n i t o r j ng o f e c t t j a l ; i mp] ^nVehtat, inn o f a l lC e n t r a l S p c t o r and C e n t r a l l y s p o n s o r e d a c h r mt si n t h i s r e g i o n , t he reg. j i gnsl of f j ct - i o f PEll ( P l a n n i n g to nuh i s si o , sj 19 u X d . h© ye a s ap a r a t e

1 1 ' in u h .1 dH d e ’ t ep f e' sentf t i v/e3 o fc o h n e r n e d P l j n i s t r l e s o f (ki.wi:infii,e,nrt. o f I ndi a . , t he D i r e c t o r ( r,^,n) , NCfc sWo u l d al sq he as so c 1 a~

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v J l ) I n i./hpr-p o f f l r t u '9 lGri\'t, i h e i . r f a i n i l i f Rbf?h,lnc1 n r p ut t h e i r c h l l d r r n i n i i u 1 : , Gov/r r n- ni tMi t may r u 1 m b u r r h t h t- m i n r i j p (? r. t n f' t u i 1 1 ii n f t. f:: and hosi . pl nxpf msBs ( i n c . l u d i n g h o a r d j n n ) at t ht r a t e a f fe. i n n / - pe r c h i l i ] « tui t l i n i M fMl to tun ch.i i i J m n as ppi t:hn fsini j y p l anni r i Q p h j •: t t j \^ro o f t he Go\/t, n f I n d i a J n t h r r u i R i ^ t hn o f F l r r r ij n u 1 rl in any c y s g h f ■ h o I ci i 1 1 h i b 1 a t u h h n o rni a I C h i l f i r f - n ( d u c n t i o n A i l o i i a n r e and Hnnt f I Su hs Ml y as pp r thfi nor mnl r u l o s f n r h i e L ; hi J dr t j n .

v/i i i ) jhnaE! c;omp Ic31rn<) t h « l r t'dijr,,-) t inn aa pur ( )a(io\/e, mwy bo exr-imi.itPd f r nm ^B^^i3 t ^ a t l o n I n t ho Employment, FxchanqBo o f t h e RBqi Mn I n S e n k - I nq empl uympnt u n d e r t h e n t r a l Gc.u/r:rnmr;nt o r n n n t r a l Publ ic;. H n d p r t a k j nns anyi/hB i'e i n I n d i a ,

rhB hnusi nr i prnblr^m j o p n r t i cuJ ar l y ftcutpj i n Bhi l l nn r : ) , Thr; l o r g o Dfi fennf ( i r Pt enc n t h e r r ban put a sf \/Rre s h r a i n on t h t nxl ni f ' f priv/; tp; hot i sl nq go i n n npnf- r H l l y and it. las a l so m,idR the t e i ’ms a r i p l i c n b l B to Def ennn Str ' /i ct^s G f i i i i R r e bFjcominq t he s t a nt i ar d f o r n i l o t h e r s . I n t he r ; i r cumsi ;onr;Bf. , a l l n f f i cHri-i posi od t o t ho Nt'f: S B c r F d . a r i o t e h o u l d he al l ot , j nd thfe same bpntjf' ifc, i%p* C ' . n V ' B V n t nhoul f l I t s p l f Inosc-’ n u t tVie r e s i ~ d e n t i a l a r c n mmn d a t i o n so o l i g i b l o to t hr m and c h a r q o t hi nccupai bt e o n l y 1 0 ‘ o f t he b a s i c [»8 y,

T h r l i m i t o f P'^,2Bn p e r mont h s e t f o r tha d e p u - •t at i nn a l l o y a n n e may hei r a i s R d t o t hp nonf r a l l y o p r r n t i v e l i m i t o f i n t h e C t n t r a l GowGrnment*

Tht i Gr ms o f f e r e d to t h r " r o n s u l 1 . i n t c ” engaqG:c^ by t hi E (. nped to be l i b e r a l j si d* T h e e x i s t i n g l i m i t o f Rs, :^,nno p e r mont h mny be r a i s r d to R';,5 , non/^ o t h e r c o n d i t i o n s b n i n q t he snmen T h i s u l l l bv a c o n s o l i d a t e d amount and no o t h e r b e n e f i t n r f a c i l i t y u J l l be a d m i s s i b l e t o t^tem,

HQ. i ® , StJ.J d y {-, t'lo I no a 1 S v st em and I mn a c t o f N euP J Q - . p j i l L ^ ^

• Tl ib U o r k i n q G i o u p un d e r t h e T h n i r p e r s o n o f Smt*

P . P , T r i v f d l , Chi ef Sn c r e h a r y , Go\/t. of Mecj hal aya to a s c e r —

t a i n u h a t pfTuras have ber^n c n f e r r e d on the e x i s t i n g t r i b a l

8 ut ho r 1 1 iE-;s at tt»e v/i l l eqf : I n v n l nnd u h a t p o u e r s t h e y hnv/e

a c t u a l l y been e x e r c i s l n q ; u h r t h o r t h e e x e r n i s r n f sunti p o ue r s

i s nent r a l l y a c c e p t e d by t he p e o p l e anri i n u h a t u n y t h e t r i b a l

v l l l a g f a u t h o r i t i e s c o u l d be s t r e n q t h e n e i i and r e v i t a l i s e d . .

T h i s I J o r k i n g f^roup u o u i d l i k e to r e e m p h a ’ ifio t h a t t h e compl e~

t i o n , c o r l i f i r a t i o n and r e f o r m o f c u s t o m a r y l a u s d e a l i n q u i t h

-3«9 -

-

Bconnmi c maht.ei ’s l i k e c u l t i u a t i o n , Land Gystem and cn u m' i n g

the E n t i r e ar ea by a c a d e s i . r o l surv/ey may bn qj v/rn ut most

p r i o r i t y by maki ng p r u p p r i n s t j t u t i o n a l a r r o n g e m t n t s .

'• iLJ'-P. Shp S ja r c U o n _ mcnta t .1 on o fm m e t J ^ ti c u 1 ar Rcjfprence to Ci.imiiiU '

J L ^ J ^ ^ ^ 1 ” ' * ' "’ '

Th& IJoi’k i n g G r o u p fin Comfnuni ty P a r t i c i p a t i r i n ua.<.

sRt up un der t h e C h a i r m o n s h i p o f Sf i r i R . N , H a l d i p u r t n exa

mi ne ttie prei sont dp wf .1 o pmen t s t r u n t u r e and syst ems o f d:iWLi~

l o p m e n t , to I r l o n t i f y s p r j c i f i c a r e a s o f danqe;r to e n o l u q y , i f

more act i v/e i n t e r v / e n t i o n and i nuol \/emGnt o f s G l G c t e d C e n t r a l

l ^ i n i e t r i e s and a q e n c i e s i s n t c r i s s a r y , m o d i f i c a t i o n o f

C f m t r a l and C f - : n t r a l l y s p o n s o r e d schemea, mt ' asures to a t t r a c t

i n s t i t u t i o n a l c r e d i t , dpv/el opmrnt o f empl oyment potent i c. i l

e t c , ] he ri cnmmenda t i ons u h i n h r e q u i r e i mme d i a t e a t t f ' n t i o n

fi'n: 5 mplernGnt t ^ l i ons fievel o pmt nt pr ogr ammes ar e gi\/en ■' n

A n n e x u j e ~ J I , Some o f the s p e c i f i c r e c o mme n d a t i o n li/hich

d(.sf.;iwf y p r i o r i t y n t f . e n t i o n ar r , houi euer , g i w’on b n l o u t -

1 ) : ] ust as 1,he Co n s t i t ut i n n ti a s C n t r a j , S 1: a t eand C o n c u r r e n t l i s t s , t h e r e s h o u l d be s t a t u t o r y l i s t s ef a r e a s o f d e c i s i o n maki ng at t he l / i l l a q e , D i s t r i c t afifl S t a t e l o u n l s , 1 he emptiaais s h o u l d be on e n l n r g i n q tfie subj ( : r ; t n e t t he u l l l a q e l ei /el as much as i s ( l o e s i h l B , The o t h e r tun l i s t s st i oul d b a s i r eal l y bi; c o n c e r n e d i j j t f i p i o ~ qI'nmmt:s o u t . s i d 1 1 1 e cai.chmeni. ari;a o f the vi J ane

c ommuni t y and be conceiTu- .d u i t i i f u n c t i o n s such as i : o o r d i n a t i o n , l i a i s o n u i i . h o t h e r o r g a n i s a t i o n s , |3l n n n i n q , t . er l i nol noi es e t c . I h e V e s h o u l d be nnt

i i )

® .rtp_^-<tnq doun bui a f i o u i n c j up o f tiiG exf i f iso o f f u n c t i o T u s .

At p r e s e n t , w i l l a q e u o r k s a i e e x e c u t e d t h r o u ( ) h c o n t i a c t o r s o r depa r t m m t a l l y , The i j or ks s h o u l d be if! t h e hands o f t he v / i l 1 agf;s and tl ie f u n d s e h o u l d ^ b e s p e n t by the ui 1 l aq e c ommuni t y t hr out j h i r a d i t i n n a l v / i l l a g e o r g a n i s a t i o n s l i k e th* ' / i l j - agr De\/el upmfpt b o a r d o f N a g a l a n d . T h i s i d e n t i - f i ca t i o n o f co inm un i i. y y o r k s u i t h t he co in mun i i . y uc ul i J r i s i . pr c a sense o f d e c i s i o n makl no and (ia r t i ei nai i o n .

i i i ) 1 he a Vai l ab i 1 1 1 . y o f f(3d d e r I s o f r i r eat i m p o r t a n c e beceuGG of iTie l i \ / e ~ s t o c k fry.'ming p r a c t i s e d i n thti r f - g i o n . I t u o u l d lie n( e e a e a r y to l a y si rf ss on mi x ed/ f o r an "'s as a sour t ; e o f t o t a l n u t r i t i o n a l

- -

rGtjui rnnn^nt, Si lvi-paot.orp3, sygfnmc cnn be

uldely prHctJerd i,jh5.1p qrni(ing fodder. Gtesaef; and .iPcjLimf s in the ierracB r.^QPr! in t hn h i l l y arfc'sn ntiBfiG tu bo populnri 8f?rl. H o u r \/&r| tn piBunnt 1 ndlsi:r.1 minate qra? i n g , aneJol f^ncing u i l l Hbvb to be adoptnd,

iv) A c ] r n - h o r t i c u l h u r a I sy s t ems o f T s nd - us f ' l i j t hBiibBidiary Boiirce of inr;ome t hr oi i yl i liue^-stDnk pBarlnq onr! f i a h - c u l t u r e pro\/idB the mnst fn'/- nurablo mlxod land-UBe eystem. It uniild be uorthuhile to have modeJ pilot prnjrcts for ^.pRcifio areae in f arh unit of the leqinn to flRiiinnstratb the feaBlbi lii.y of thE ayRtema, Uot,jF'Uc-?r, the invo I uament of the pRoplp Is bsRrnt.inJ to stimulatB npu thinkinc) pnti prac-

t inea . UlIlagB Councils could uvrue os anjma- tors for Innov/ation thnreby expandinq ttiese

met hods from thF< P ilot ProjBct to (';ommon prnc- t i c a . In i/ifû of t he natiirB of tho trrra.in, ouch mBaaurea u i l l havr to be concnl\/Gd and planned by the community and adopted y ith

community sanction. /Ill this u.111, houMi/far he pofisibU-t only aftpr thr Stata/irf nouHrnmonta, thR North Eastern Council , the ICAR NBnfarch

Complex and the. A q r i c u l t u r o l Univit'rsity help tn in i t i a t e tht; proreas by perfoiming their rosppctiue roles* ’

•v) The symbiosis between the forest dueller and the forest Mhould not be iqnored. The forest

prov/idps f r u i t s , b i l s . medic.inoa, f ue l , fodder and timber to the due l ler . It i s , thf-refore, nrneasary thatthe v i l lage community have control over the u t i l i s a t i o n of forests and also the re snonsihi l.i ty for plantaiîon, ensuring i.hat there is no deforestat ion , Socdnl forestry

schemes nhnuld be introduned through the Uillaqe Councils to meet this requirement, Alno, the systems of v i l lage safety reserve and v i l la g e

supply reserve , as nou ex is t ing in Hizoram could be encouraged,

Vi) Forests arr; the repository of plants from uhich about 60% of the w o r l d ’ s medicines are derived. Their vaJun far exceeds that of commercial

timber, and yet forestry practices mainly emphasise the forests as a source timber, Con?î-

derable research is needed in order to develop the otiier uses into commercial products.

The i n s t i t u t i o n a l a g e n c i e s t h r o u g h u h i c h r u r a l d e v e l o p me n t proqramni es a r e to be i mp l e ma n t e d have not bee^n p r o p e r ] y d e l i n e a t e d f o r t he N o r t h E a s t , \/i l l a o e C o u n c i l s c o u l d be r e c o g n i s e d as t h e p l a n n i n g and i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a g e n c i e s f o r most o f t he r u r a l d e v e l o o me n t pr og r ammes , p r o v i d e d t h e

■3( 2 -

cGunc; i l i s g i wen a c; j j po f.il,b fnrm by si af uti : and adGquatt ; t i rranqf-niFntR art. made f o r i n s i i . t u : . i n q f i n a n c 1 a I d i. s g i p I j n e ,

wi l i ) S- lncG JaruJ I n t r i b a l ^ r t 'Dr i s genErral J y nunpiJby a c i a n o r t ' r i b e , i sy: ' ( £)m o f g r o u p guar . i i i ' s h o u l d b(. i n t to ducfid to ei i ahl e commun i 1 1 t-s ti • b o r r o u on ttie S6' nur . i t : y o f t b f i r c o l l . e c t i v / e l y i u n t d I a n d 9 .

f x ) For thf-j use of' q r a v i li i on sourcFr? o f u a t e r b- mbooo r p o l y t h e n e pi p. l ; !n' s c o u l d bo used f o r c a r r y i n yt he u a t e r fj'oni ti ie s . n i r c e to the n o n s u mp t i o n p o i n t , Ttie communi t y s h o u l d bf,' r es pons i b 1 b t:,:'th f o r p r o t u c t i n g f o r p s i: b i n t h ( (■: a t c h m e n t a r aand f o r m a i n t ; ) i n i nq the o n t i r e d i s t a D c c o f tl . p i f i p l i n G . hs t he s o u r c e s , t h e r e s h o u l d he mt i n t a t i o n tanl <s. Such t a n k s c o u l d be b u i H - L ^Jng s i m p i e and cheap mnthode and m a t e r i a l s such nn f i b r e - b o a r d , a n o d i s c d a l u m i n i u m and s t e e l ,

* ) The pst ab.l i shmeni o f r u r a t i v / e f a c i l i t i e s ui i . l i ha\/e to t a k e ' n t o a c ' o u n t t hf lou popu. l at i i i n d e n s i t y o f thf a r e a , Tht, norms f o r e s i a b l i sf. ic. it o f P r i m a r y H D a l l h C e u l r e o ( PHC^O u h 3 c h haV/.- . r e J e a x e d upt o p o p u l a t i o n o f ?n, nf i n u i l l need ; l p - t h e r r n l a x a t i o n i n t u c N o r t h f a s t . T h e r e nh'> fl<' aJ so be i mp r o v e me n t i n t he f a c i l i t i e s a wa i l a t i » = a t t h r B f e r r a 1 i lo s p ' t o i .1 e v/ f 1 ,

W i t h t he gi\/en t opogi ' pphy o f the r e g i o n , medi : 1 p e r s o n n e l u i l l nef,d g r e a t e r m o i i i l i t y . The C f i i t t a r a n j an n o l i i l o 'lea l .ti Uni l model i n otjrrn

t i o n i n Dammu and Ke' hmi i ’ can be a d o pt e d f o r h i l l a r e a s o f thf; N o r t h ._ast u i t h g r e a t adv/ai i; ' l e , A l s o , i nf j i v i d u a ] pe r / onn - i l u i l j have i.o be p. ( . i d e d f a c i l i t i e s to moke tuem f n o b i l e . A n o t h e r met ! " T i s to o r g a n i s e ce.mp? f o i i, ho t r e a i ment o f uar l ou' - ; a i I m e n t s ,

iij^r k i n g G r oup St urly_ t t u !Sjj3! 6jH1 of GaU. ' >f a c i o r j l j nr qn; i j s -Sf.-n-v/TcVV nnTf IjorJ{s 1 nf tTie*’ NortK'tosI eT?rTilin'g:

The U o r k i n g G r o u p sel, up u n d e r t he C h a i r ma n s ! ’ i p o f

Sl i r i G i a n Gttand tht t h e n S e c r e t a r y N . t . C , uas to r e v i e . . t he

e x i B t i n g syfi.tem and c o n s t r a i n t s , on c i r g a n i s i n g suppl i es. ; .

serv/icE S and u o r k s and t he c o n t r a c t s y s t r m , e x t e n t to ijh- 'cti

tfie C e n t r a l Aoene i e s / D e p a r t m e n t s may a s s i s t S t a t e Go v/e-'i i inents

to ovycrcome tt)e c o n c t r a l n t r an I b r i n g i n g up gap i n rent i:'. e -

mr n t s and a\/a1 l a b i l i t y o f r i wi " ' T u p p l i e s . S h r i P . H . T r i 'edi

T i f t r r I jecomint) S r c r e l ; a r y , M . r . C , f i n a l i s e d t he r e p o r i - , RrcO"'

mmenda t i o n-i on C i v i l S u j t p l i e s u h i c h i a L i f e I j n c ’ f o r ar; ' r . r e e

- -

have bpfcin I n r l u d e r J I n thf-: r h a p t o r l v . 1 7 o t th'-' B u g n r e t l onn

□ f v n r i o u B mambera o f t h e Gr oup# T h u c h a p t f r o l s o i n r liidpB

c. l etai l B o f s t a r a q e and mar ke t f ocJ .11 ti.p o r B q u i r e d I n t hp

rpqinn*

UOHKIUG HRUUP TO STUDY CHAMPES IN ('E.RSQNNj.1 POL ICY t UR

■>1

SUnnERY OF l»IA30R RfcCtOTMt NDATI DNS

1. The next posting ehould, esi a principle be nt

8 ploctj of his nholce. I f for uny admin.1 stra-

tlue reason this la nob posslblti| ht. should be

given the place of ftls senond preference wi th

out fa l l nnd retained there for etleawt 3 years,

?m The experience thnt an All-India Service o f f i c e r

has Jn tht State ie tsken into coneldLratIon In

dncidinQ hia posting in the Mi nistr ies at the

Crnt.rniJ Th^; of^l cern ht lonr -’.HQ to ceUrf S iia

North-tast have for good and well knoun reesone

rather limited expsrience in Induatrirg , cf>mmercB|

fort’iqn trade , steel , mines and minerals , enerqy,

etc, Ab a consfequrnce, they seldom get postings

in these Ministr ies and are more often f i t t e d

into purely ’‘uneconomic’* M i n i s t r i e s , spec ia l ly

Home, It cannot be ga insaid that experience in

’’economic’’ Ministr ies for these o f f i c e r s is a

/IHS. i?Pil their contributing to the arce

lebrated development of this vast Region on their

return to the State cadres and u hi l e they are on

deputation at the Centre, their knowledge of the

local is a valuable and essential input to

these very Mi ni st r ie s , in their concern for the

same obiectlve# It i s , therefoj'e reasonable,

rather very necessary , in public interest that

of f ice rs of the North-*bastern Region A. I , S. cadreq

should be foiijly and .adequately distribui;ed over ,

the economic” es the other Winistr ies by a

deliberate policy decision of Government spproved

by the /appointments Committee of the Cabinet ,

3 , As 0 f s l l o ut of the present s ituation as above,

those piosted at the Centre continue to deal u ith

matters; r e ls t i ng to that Regian only and f a i l to

th

from j i hf3 n|^|iDfiÎ ^Jj,4 § . ^.^.j.elso a ma t t B r

, i n t t T B s t s o f

n a t i p n o l i|-|tt|Q^r|t^,9 Q U }^ t r a t i ug f i e l d .

#»>M 1' I h t* it j i nnf|CT i). I iii.fl(niin /.<iki i I j

4, fin coriip lc: t l n n ,0 f j.,t j.K R e q i n n , cedr e

q f f I'rt 0 r g! f ri") fi g ’ifrtaiH. 1 [:ta fjf fj( tfUI p>( r -tf f a t ■ & ?\/ e x a b i ij lj s

d.i-l:tfy i n a t thra

'Ca n 13? li .i.. 3 wr r -kHe ,j 1 ,i. e s s u f f e; r

immfiaSLirnb 1 ,;, i,n^ u t t t j r d l s s a f l s -

fo ct.io^ri a n d , , j } : , i t o o , Dus to

the d i , s t u r b i d c Q n d | , ^ t j j o I n t t j i e , some

a l r e a d y on _doputâyon- j ^’ ry, recpXJi^t;! to t h e Regi on

bon I i nt r r r u p t i t hn i r ^ên^:|’.e j t h ttie C n n t r a l

a s s i g n -

rnt-nt? t h e y do not f i n d □l aCFi meni ,har.k a g a i n i n

ttiG C( n t r e , ®

p e r i o d e. vcnHdl nn r I x - (nQ,niJis frqni t he dfay an

i 8 .on o f ff^r f o r p^lgcgryeqt at t h e C e n t r e

rV '° . In .V e iru p te d d e p u -t a t i o n on r e t u r n f r om s p e g i a l Ej sgi gnmeht g e t s no

qlac'ewe nt* fo r 2 mojnthe^- hii's c‘qae s h o u l d be b r o u g h t

t9J, -ttio perq,onaiL attf.q;'ii|ti.ojii a f . . C a b i n e t S e c r e t a r y

by t h n E^»tabldfehmV;fi'b' O f f l n s r . '

tik I f d u r i n g the1 ( l er l oi j o f p o a t i n g i n t he R e g i o n ,

* ten o f f l c f f beV:‘d'ftie£5' d u 6 f o r p r o m o t i o n ahd i a

l i k n l y t o he ' pnst ef l ( l i a p U h e r G , p r o m o t i o n s h o u l d

he g i v e n tb Irim or1 a p e r s o n a l b a s i a and r e t a i n e d

i n t h e ■rE:'gio‘n i b s n l f , so ad to e n a b l e him to

'nGrfr^li)ttr tK'fe 'rfetirld d f * ttjo yeîl:^ s e t doi./n abov e,

Gr f^.rEfeirenr.e: ahgu.l.d bo gl vt i n to l a i r ^ s u n h n f f i c e r B

Mho .ha-ue f)ut rj n at iBnst? -2 ywar a u f serv/j ee i n the

In'igiejn aa abov/e 03 u e l l as a l l thtJ A , I . S. f : adr r

o l f i g ( U ' f ^ pJ . l ut tBcJ to t h e yttitera'/l lTB t h e r e i n tl ie

j i i at tei o f f o r e i g n a s s i g n m e n t s ; l l k e u i a e , a quota

o f 1 n^‘ o f t h e t n t n l i t ' ai ni nc^ c7s s i q n me n t a s h o u i d

bti v e r . er v ed f o r sugh o ff i r : e r s i n . o we r s e a s i . r a i t i -

1 n g g r a m m o.r ,

- -

7, I n nrdE?r tn prru/ldf; an i n c r n t I v/e; end t.rj ml nl mi Bf

thEi bu r de n caiist d by such t r pnr . f^ r , thf- Commit be c

rf'uo mm finds tti?3t a l ump Ejurii amdunt o f P;, 1 , n n n

may be q r a n t e d to i h ^ o f F i r r r o postf . d i n t 6 n the;

N o r t h E ast t r n Rnn i on ok ” Spt t l t i mr ni t A .1.1 nuance ,

in. I n t he case o f n f f i r r r c ^ q o l n n tn th^: RRoi nn u i t h

o r u . l t h n u t f r i mi l y , u h p r p no annommnd; "t i on cpn he

hafi u i t h j n a month o f t uo at t he moat , t l ou&rnmunt

may lF!aae> nn i t s nun ac. r . ommndat ^on- hoet t 1 t y p e

acnommorl at i nn Jn caae o f s U m J e o f f i c e r s ancj

s t a n d a r d bc cominodat j on f o r o f f i c e r s g o l n q t h e r a

u i t h f a m i l i e s - and cfiorqo 1 0 ^ o f t he pay bb r t i pt

f r om t hem. T h i s i a p a r t J c u l f j r l y i n v/ieu o f t he

f a c t t t i nt ttif! fIRA a v a i l ao l c at q u i t o a ff-)iJ fvlacps

t h r r a i a q u i t e I nu and f o r a n n i o r o f f i n o r s q o i n q

f r om o u t s i d a , acrommo. dat i nn at t h « p r G s c r i h n d

r a t e / s c a l E ! i s not a v a i l a h l f r ,

NrC may be a l l o t t e d a s e p a r a t e quot a i n l ^ e d i c a l /

Engi npi r i n g c o l l B q e s u n d e r t he c o n t r o l o f t he ^

C e n t r a l n o v f r n m e n t f o r t h e c h i l d r e n o f such

C e n t r a l n o v e r n me n t empl oy ees uho have been s e r v

i n g i n t h ( Reqj on f o r a p e r i o d o f a t l e a s t tuo

y e a r s and p r o v i d e d t h e y a r e ( I so s t u d y i n g i n t he

srho; . i lR t h e r e f o r s e e k i n g a d m i s s i o n i n such i n s t i

t u t i o n s o f h i n h a r e d u c a t i nn* r

I10* I n c as Fs u h e r e o f l i c e r s l e e v e t h e i r f a m i l i e s

b r h i n d o r put t h e i r c h i l d r e n i n h o s t e l s , G o v e r n -

mr nt may r e i m b u r s e them i n r e s i i e c t n f t u i t i o n f ee

and h o s t e l expenses ( i n c l u d i n g h ® a r d i n q ) at t he

r a t e o f fe, 1 0 0 / - per t ^hi l d - h u t l i m i t e d i.o t uo

c h i l d r e n as pt-r t he f a m i l y n l a n n i i . q o b j e c t i v e e

o f t h e Ho v t * o f I n d i a ; otherui i st , t he o f f i c e r i

uoul r l i n any case he h e l d e l i g i h l B to t h e nor mal

C h i l d r e n e d u c a t i o n A l l o u a n c B and H o s t e l S u b s i d y

as pe r t h e no r mal r u l e s f o r h i s c h i l d r e n .

11, T hose c o m p l e t i n g t h e i r e d u c a t i o n as per ( 9 )

abo We, may bo Bxempted f r om r e g i s t r a b J o n I n

i h e Empl oyment Lxr. hang^s o f t he Reqi nn i n S e e k -

i n q empl oyment ijncler the C e n t r a l Gouer nment o r

C e n t r a l P u b l i c Un( . l er t aki nqs a n y u h e r e i n I n d i a #

1B'» The h o u a i n q f j rohl Hm I s p , 3rt , i c u l a r l y o c u t e i n

Shi J l o n g , Tl ie l a r g e Dt i fonce p r r a p n c r t h e r e has

put a sBUPi e s t i a i n on the* e x t e n t o f p r i v a t e

h o u s i n g g o i n g g e n e r a l l y and i t has a l so mode t he

t er ms a p p l i c a b l e to D ef enc e S e r v i c e s O f f i c e r s

her o mi n q t he s t a n d a r d f o r a l l o t h e r s . I n t h e

n i r c u m s t a n r e s , a l l o f f i c e r s p o s t e d to t h e h\EC

S e c r e t a r i a t s h o u l d he a . l l o ued t he same b e n e f i t ,

i . 0 , Gov/ernmrnt s t i oul d i t s e l f l e a s e out t h e r e s i

d e n t i a l ac c o mmod at i o n so e l i g i b l e to l.hem and

c h a r g e t h e occupai ht e o n l y 10% o f t he b a s i c pay.

- 3 ^ 9 '-

1 . The l i m i t o f P.^,2Bn jif- r montl i set f o r t he

t a t i o n a l l o u a n f ' B may be r a i s e ' d to t he g e n e r a l l y

o p er at i v / e l i m i t o f R:..:5nO i n t he C e n t r a l Gnv/ernment.

14. The berms o f f e r e d to t h e ’’ C o n s u l t a n t s " engaged by

t he NFC need to be l i b e r a l i s e d . The e x i s t i n g

l i m i t o f P' , 3, Df ) n per mont h may be r a i s e d ho P'-.fj,fJOO/

o t h e r c o n d i i . j o n s b e i n g t he same. T h i s u i l l be a

c o n s o l i d a t e d amount and no o t h e r b e n e f i t o r f a c i

l i t y i w i l l bf] a d m i s s i b l e to t hem,

ITt, S c i e n t i a t & i er hno l o g i s t e s e r v i n g i n t h e r e g i o n

may be giv/en t h e f a c i i . i t y o f a t i : e n d i n g at t he

Go vei ninent ex pense r e c o g n i s e d con fereneges and

s e mi n a r s - ot/Brr and - ibove tl ie u s u a l p r o v i s i o n s

g o i n g i n t h i s r e g a r d - h r l d i n t he c o u n t r y , t u i c e

i n a y e a r ae u n d e r :

( a ) o n c t ' , LI R t he r o r no t a pbpei ; i s p r e s e n t e d

by them i n d i v i d u a l l y f o r I n c l u s i o n i n t he

a g e n d a ;

( b ) o Bccond bime i f such a paper i s a d m i t t e d f o i

C.I V a .1 p r e s e n 1 t i o n .

16. It is apprrc .1 ated that any ruTeB framed for

Cpntrnl GnvGrnment o f f i c e r s r.lo not facto

fipply to ATS o f f ic e r s but is felt that the

Ccntrnl Cnvernment ehould f ind uays and means

(hf PxtendJna all the compBnaatnry hnnRfita est

nut in the report tn o f f lc Rra of A I 5 codres

8 Prv/jnq in tho North taat#

- 3^^ -

■“ ^40 rij 1 r :UJ r f — 11WORKING GHtUi' TO STUDY Tir' S^.lFCTlON /.ND

IMir^L-PNrNTATlON OF D W H L O i^F N T x’KOGliAMMT^S WITH ir^vRTlCUUiK RT'FFRT’N(.T: TO COMMUNI'l’Y

^7’iRTlC I NATION FOR TIF NORTH nîS^rrUN }.FG1 ON

SUMMARY OF MAJCfi RrcojwN'iy/rxaiNs

l ) Th« strong ccTnniunity sn ir it (^f tlv^ ‘h^ inthis ar^Fi has l<3rg-ly rr^n*^''nslblr* f(,.r th-irsurvival i n ^ t h ' ( f l l f f i c u i t cin(i Inhos :it iblr. grôgni-

phical su rroun<-UnQa .~Using tfi^ community rgînl sat Jons as a vohlcl-^ fi3r d'-v -'lo]Tm'-'nE v;niild i^tr'^ngth'^n thi^

procoss of int-gratl^n hy r*^ronnIsinr; Jh ' ii valuo whllo giv ing th^m th^ o|iportunlty to ' ^ r f o m a

functtt.n. Community nrg.:ini.satir^ns s rv'-* as a

pow'^rful C'-'m'^nting bonfi/nr-t only by bringing th^

a c t iv it y tiD tli^ cloorst<^y> of th^ indi.virlual but il.so

by orovifiing it w ith th^ .dyn^nism of; rommunlty action .(Para 3 , 7 ) _

2 .^ Though th^ Statos/UTs~ of th^ l^Jorth ^ a e t hav^v

cortairj cofninon f<âtur'^sônch onrN h is Jts own idrsntity anc.i a r t i c u l a r c^laractr^r 1st irs , Th^nn

ehouici b^ Gonei<ir.r^'d In ordor to (Jraw up spo c ifJc

?rQ-i/-ctG and ‘'chomrs rather than commonprogramm'-^s . ( P-u a 3 .1 4 ( i i ) *

3. Ju st as thr- Constitutii^n has Con ral,St<it<^ and Concurront l i s t s , thr>rr- should”'b^ statutory l in ts

of_ai:r>as o£ d'^cisii'in mîking at tho Villag<^,Distr ict

and Stnt-' lov-ls, Th^ îphasif5 sliould on r>nlarging thr> subj^^cts at ith'"' v i l la g e lr->v< l .is much as* is possiblo

Th< oth'^r two l is ts sBould l)asically b n conôrnnd with

prcgr'infn''S outside thn“catctTmont arâ of th^ v il la g e

::ommunity -md b^ conr<6isn'-'d with functions such as

':nGrdinat ion ,1 ias ion with othor"f)rganisat inns

plann ing^techno logics -^tc, Th-^r^ should not a flowi^nc; down but a flowing up o f th^ ^ x ^ r c is ^ of

functb ns (.P 'ra 4^,7 Ta 1 and ( b ) .

4 . _ i \ t ' ‘r ' ^ s ^ n t , v i l l a g w o r k s a r ^ > ' ^ x o c u t ' ^ d t h r o u g h

cc'ntract ^ r s _ o r d ^ ' o a r t m - ^ n t a l l y * T h ^ w o r k s s h o u l d b-In th- hnnds of t h^'""vi ilag-'S and th'-' funds sliould !>-> an^nt by th* vl I lag^^ community thr'rugh f t ■* ' »âl

V IH a g - org-'n 1 sation?! Ilk'- th'^ VI.lag- D'^V'^lorTn-'nt

Bo^rd r f Nagriland, Tliis i .l '^ntification of community Works with thr' comifiunlty would rr^stor- a sr-nsr of Q' Cision making an.3tion. (i- ara 4 . 7 ( d ) )•__

I n t ' ^ r m s o f t h ^ r ^ s t o f t h ' ^ c c x i n ^ r y / t h ' ^ N o r t h

■ ^ ^ s t I s I r ' S s d ' - ' V r . l o ’S o d p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h r ^ f < ^ r ^ n c '

t o t r a n s o o r t , c o m r r i u n l c c i t i o n s , o o w r ^ r / i n d u s t r y a n d

o t h - > r I t i f r s t r u c t u r e . I n o r d r ^ r t o o v ^ r c t h i s

l a g , a o a r v i f 3 » i U i r i y i i s a s s l ^ / r i i n V . ' - * r v o n t v y ,

■‘ich uf th'^ Ministriâ~ 'conc^rn^d w i l l

to mak^ ttiîr contriiSuti jn . For r^.ff^ctiv^ irn lir^m-ntation of prujocts and ^ro'Jr^r'coordinat/lDn, it would, th-r-for^^

D- nr^cossary to hav^ a T isk Fcvrc^ v/ith S'-l^ct^d mr^rnb-isfrom th'^ conc'-rnnd M inistrir 's , H h ilo th^ N*^C could

r)^rforiTi th^ cocrdinatIng rolo^thls Group could

(cl ) f^VolV'^ S'-’Ctoral 'jorap'-'Ct iV'^ olan for

th^ r^gicn so tiiat_oroj-^cts ar^^^nct

tak"''n un in iso lation txjtîn th'> context of th' - long t-rrn d'- x -'lo'jri'-'nt ( f th'" arrâ ;

(b ) rnonitDr thr» jjnpl'^m'^ntation of th^

[■>roj< cts on t*h basis of f'-âsibilitystudi'-^s and d^viso m<âns to ovr'rcomrsobstacles if any; and

{c) f a c i l i t a t e quick dec is io n making (Paia 5 .9 and 5 .10 ')

Thr> avii lla b i lity of food^r i^ of grc- at im )GrtanC'''_ oocaus<^ of t.h' liV'-'-stock forming

p ractised in th^ i-^gi-.n. It would ly~ n^'C'->ssc\iY

to lay stress mixr'd foragr-s ae a source of total nutr it io n al r^qu irv^m^'Ht. S i.l vi-paetural systems

can br- widr-ly ,>ractiaod whilr. growing fodder:,

GrQss'-’S and l^gurn'^s in th^' t--- rac'- riS'-s in th<

h i l l y ar '-' s n'-' -ds to b'- po. wl^; ris-'-d. Hov/'^v'^r, to pr^v^nt indHsci Iniina to gr-^zing,social f'-nclng

w il l hav- t.j b- adopt 'd . {Aara 6 ,1 1 and 6 . 1 2 ) .

7 . Agr(3-horticultural systems of^'land~us^' w ith

sub sid iary sour c- of j nccmr' thrdugh 1 iV'--stock rârlnc/ and flsh-cultur'^ provide most favourable

m ix^d land-tis^ syst-m. It would worthwBilo to“

hav*^ mr.d^l j.îIot_^ ' roj'^cls for S 'D^cific ar-âs in ich

unit -f th^ r-gi"“n to d-monstrat- th< f e a s i b i l i t y of tfi’"- syst'^ms. HoW' ’f -'r/ th- inv^: lv^m-~nt tvf th^

p^Q-ol^ is -as-ntial to atimaiat- n^w th inking and

oractic'-'&^ V i l la g e Councils could srrv'~> as anim itore

for innovation th'-’r^by eXijenciing th- S"' in''-'tho«"3 fr in the Pilot. Projoct to cc rnmijn practic- . In view of

the nature of tfie terra in ,su c h measure w i l l have to be conceived înd pl.^nned by the canmunlty and

ailooted w ith community sanction". A l l this w i l l , howev-r , be possible only aft-r the s t a t e /P T Governments, the North âsteri-) Coiincil/ th^ ICAR Resecarch C< m ^lex and tlir> ~

Icultural Univ- s it y help t( i n i t i ito thn process b / I',)- r i oCTi ng t h - ir re b p- c 1 1 v - ro ..[ e a . ( pn ra 6 . 1 3 ) .

n . svinbiosis th'^ for'êt dwnllnr 'indthr for<^8_t should not b- Jcjnoi?‘ d^' Tho forrsi provid-s

frult8^/oils,m'^dlcin'-'S/fu<^l^foddî m d totlirt dwrvl lrvr. It I s , th'-'£'^fn<-*C'*>fls.iry* th< t tho

vl]lagr> comnunity havo*“coFitrol ov r tfi^ utllinritlon of forr'sts and Îsc:) th'^ r-'-'S’xinslbillty for pltmtifitlon/ onsurlng that th'-r' is_tio d^forpst I'ti ^n, S^ci 'l forestry ach-m^s should b-_ introducr^-d through tho V i ling'-' Cr unci Is to this ij;'^t>-nts, (PnrT 7 ,? 3 )AL3o,th'- systems of vlllag'^ safr»ty r<^s'’r '' ^nd vill:ig'" su inly r'^sr^rvoâs n "w -•'Xlotim In Mljif'ir m c 'u l d ^nc iinn'^d, ( p a n 7 .in ( b ) ) *

_ Por 'sts af-' th- r-' irn 11.''ry'^’rif 'lanT:^ Prnrnwhinh abr)Ut_6ci% of th- wrirld's m-dirin-'P u- d ;riv- d.

Th-^tt valu ' fQ t '2' ' ' - rci ^ 1 tim’i^rânc y- t f^'ir-'Stry ’ ractj.c s '-'m haslR - th^*”fnr Rhs apa Rrurr-^ rf t7mh-r, CnnnId -raial-> *r g-arnh i?=?“ n ' d In nr ' ''T* tr; n th' nthur u r '-s into c'^'mm^rria]nr odu c t s . ( r ra 7 . 1 6 ) .

10* . institutlcncal aqoncl^'S through whichrural < ■ voio xn 'tit protjranim-' 'S nrm tr.- inn .l< m' nt<! d havo not b^^n iJr-j J'^rly dr>linât.^d tor th^ Nortli -c s t , Vlliago CounciIfrj could ur> r-^cognls^d as th<- alannlnfj and imal^ni'^nt 11 ion aqr'nci^-'S f or m->st of th rural dovr'itjp- nr nt -ro^rarnin^B provided th< council Is giv^^n a

corp r'-t^ furrn by st.atut' an^l acôquat.^ arjrong'^rri'^nts ar madr' i. r instituting financial d isc ip lin e .{P.ra 9 . 4 ( i v ) .

11* Sinc'^ lanii in trilâl ar^âs is g>n'^rally t vn dI'y a clan or t r i ’>-',a syst'- rn of (,roup guafant'^r*^s

shnul3 li'-' introduced tc ninabl* communiti-tts to Ixjrrow on th^ Sf^curity of th-ir c< 1 loctivr>Xy own -' d 1 uu .Ip .( para U.4 ( v i i ) .

1 2 . Th'- ’-'hysicGl ta5 q^ts_for ’providing vMr'-cti;:;t .nc tc indd vidua Is shruld r'âl istically

asoign-'d to -îch bloclc. Giv'^n th^* lovj ’’‘caulaticn c.'-nsitv of th^ ar^â^this w ill hav- to b-- b-low th<=> usual tarQ’ t of 600 famill'*'S '•--'r bilocic* How^v-r/_th infrastructuT'^ r^^gu ir-’m''nts r>f th-' r-î 'n ar^ so cjr--iat that th^ balance- of th''- allrjcatii.n could 1>

L''ct iv^ly uti lis'^d for str^^ngthoning th^ infristruc’tur<^, ( Para 9 .4 ( i x ) .

1^* Fjr tli' u.srs of gravitation s uirc'ê -f wat^^rbamP. o cr ot lyth-^n'^ pipr-'lin'^s could 'y usoil for carrying t!ir- IV t-r from th- sourcr^ to th< consurnpt i jn 3oint«Th community shculd r^^s >■ )nsiolr' both frjr prot-^c’ting forests in th^" catchm'-''nt ar'->as and tor maintaining tFi'" ^ntir^ disttincr* of th''vpi '^lin**^. At th* aourc'^s, th r -' siK uld b- s^dim'->nt itic n t ihkii. Such tanks cuuld l)o b ii l t using sim:>.lr> and choap mothodo and mat'll iaIs such as f ibr''-b.ard,an.jdisr'u aluminium and stor.i. (Para 1 0 .1 0 (i ) •- na 10 .13 )

- ?>Ht -

- :® a -

♦

1^* _ Thr- cc.uT.MUnity fihould I30 Involved in tho*

man.'i .n^^nt t ? tho schocl do thnt school b^com'^s thr

CRCtinF* of th<=' G U it u r a l ' J if- of'th<^ vIllarjo.Th^ educational proc^sa n^^ds to g^t intr>gr3trsd wltJi

th< w id^r r>ducatl on-which ^r.gins in th< c h i l d ’ s ”* hom^ and c- ntinu^'S ti.;.uchlng a l l ds or^cts of his l i f^ and so c io ty . ^ para 1 3 .5 ,1 and 1 3 . 5 . 3

Ono of tlir major n' '-'c-is of tho nr'â is a syst-m of non-formal oducatij_nal for thioig whos<^

^ntry igo is high-r th-ia that of av-raq- stu^'Vnts.

In this frnn of /^ducatir. n th- family has to b- tr-at^d> as a u n it and not a cluat-r of ag- groups. ■Education b'-cc.in^s a group a c t iv it y in which d ifff^m n t

combinr^d lr.arn from -ach othe;r. For this th^_"Sakharw adi" moG'->l for childr'^n of labour working on sugarcano f i' li.-'S is ..n'^ which can b aiia itr^d w ith stam^ mfodifi— c at io n s , t'ho t'âching m-thods us<-> innovative- concr^jts takon from obj'-^c.^s am. chords fa m il ia r to tho c h ild

in his own onvironmont. (para 1 3 . 1 6 ) .

oQtablishmont of curativ'- f a c i l i t i e s w i l l havo tt: tak'^^ into acciunt tho lr)w population d e n s ity

(,)f tho aroa . Tho nf.rme for ^stabliFEm ^nt of Primary

Ilocilth Contros (ir>HCs) whjch hav'-- ij- on roloaxod upto

popuJation of 2 0 ,0 0 0 w il l nood further rolaxation

N'"rth ’ a s t , Th'' ro shf.uld bo als(j inv3rovom'''nt in tho f a c i i i t i o g availabl--. ,it tho r-forral h 'jsoitil lov-1. (Paras 1 4 .1 9 a n d ^ 1 4 , 2 0 ) ,

1 V'/ithi tho giv-^n topograohy of tho ro gio n ,modic"'l '.'-rsonnol w ill n-'^d gr^ât-r m o b il it y , Tho

C hlttaran jan Mr>bil- H-a ] th Unit mod-1 in on-ration

i n u'amrnu a n'" Ka s him j r c m ] >- a c] ■ p t f nr t ho~ h 111

ar-asôf th-'lJi,..rth ^v.ist w ith _gr-at adv.mtago. A i s o , indivitlual p^rsonnol v;ill havo to bo providod f a c i l i L i o s t o m a k o th'^m m o b i l o , / ^not .hor m o t h o d is

to f^rganiso cami'^s fi^r tho tToatmont of varlt/US ailm onts. (para 1 4 ,2 o ) ,

mu 11 i])1 ic ity of a. :- ndos an J administrativo<

structuro which Js highly cti^ploX/dir^ ctinf/ v ll lagors from bfr’ o f f i c i a l to anoth-r/ has provod con:€uBlng and

inoffoctiv- . Tho orstwhilo ’ a in g lo lin o ' systom"'adopt-d accoid ing ti local conditivjns/should coorciin'to tho a c t lv it io s of dii foront dopartin-nts at tiio S t a t o /O T lovol^tho Do Duty C^'mnisbi .?nor at th^ d i s t r ic t lovol and tho block Dovoiopniont d fflc o r at tho block lovol^

This wi.uld onablo thr> cuminunity organiaatlijn to work hand in hand with thn adminis trat i v- ays tom,(iâra 1 6 . 1 0 . and U>«17).

/_ is marr rppropr 1 r 1 The Df:ue.l o p m o n t C n m m i s s i o n e r

ly. Th' institution of viilag'',r%ld=-.rs nndint'^rpr'-'t-ra/Wh^r^^ it oxiets,must ct'ntinur» cnution, hrw^v-i ^siiculd b- ^xcrciS'-d in th^ir a t->ointtn nt and c.un inqUri'^s shculd m^d' to r^naur^ that thr r'-ally influontial ::>ooplo arn onp(.int-d*. Tlio 'low- rs v-'st^d in th'^ar' traditional function'^ri-'S and in th^ villrig- ccancils should not'“lor> dilut'-d till suitabio dlt-^rn^tivo ft.rrne of loOcV^rship ' rnorgr> fit thn villngo lr»v^l,- (para 1 6 , 2 0 ) ,

- -

Notr> para Nos m-ntion'-'d w ithin Bracket of abov/^

rr^crmmondaticne ar^ fo lrtad th^ main r^nr rt*

2 1!f'lnf, RY o r f'M C j l 1 1 J J 3,

I . H G w i I u p S PI l:

1 . Onf Impcjrhant nauGn n f d c J a y and f’a u lh y nati.r'i; ur

schf.mf]R i- in tin loc^-hion o f .^rhFrnec. In n qard to Geirr--

•hjnn t)f' f n r l o r n l J n n o f [.-mi c c t - , g r i r i F j : nn n s i di 1 1 o n

be glv/F.n hy thr. cxffinuti nrj ngrnc.ier) Kn i'tic f lo u M lr.:ni fxi. in

t; h ( t: a r q L' b q r o u n r n t h r i: t. ii a n nun i I a b i U t y □ f f o c 1 1 .1, i’ s t. u

thf a i . a f f a thardmd to hhr f ' Tf ' irrt . P mi ^ or qui del m h -b rnr

s t l c n l , i o n oP I n c rhlnqM a f projErt^s R h ou ld bf qi Wf n tn tn = :

FXFCiit Iqq p Q t n c j n B in iime so that dt c iGioq^., haknn aru r b

ad hnc onrl cnsb and t ime out.r-run nan bf nvynidrd.

(Poqt- 21 ; fia/f. ' ^ ' ^ 3 )

2 , A pricisf^ a n a l y s i s o f m a n p o u i r r ,f}u.i i.f ment in

r E l a i i o n to rar.h o r n ^ B r t s h o u l d bp mndr, iniiifilly ao thab

p r n q r a m m e; t' n r .a d vane c r e q u i r le rn n n t a n d b r o .1 n i n q r ;' n b) e

Linrlortaken to mt eb p-uch rE'C]Liii'emGnt.

( Paqei ?1 ; 'Pnra 4 )\

3 [,t the-, time o f form i llat ion o f p r o j B c t , pronc-i

tecbnic '^ ’ l a p p r e c i a t i n n o f tbc. p r o j R c t s h o u l d bt int d . and a

vieuj o f t hr bot^ l i t y o f bhi. s i t u a t i o n tfiki-n ao t h a t frf-qi&nt

rov / i si on o f p r o n e r t co!3t tl'^ns not hecnmt: n e Q o s a a r y , ii

p r o p e r cost b e n e f i t a n n l y a i a o f i n d i v i d u a l p i n j e c t s ’noul u

he made to e n a b l e f u l l r r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f blie b e n e f i t o t h : t

u o u J d a c c r u e from i he projef .t and o f i he cost involv/ed in

i t s i m p l e m B n t a t i o n . Both p h y s i c a l , . nd- f i n a n c i a l t a r q e t s i.-

r e s p e c t o f i n d i v i d u a l p r o j e e t s h o u l d he d e t e r m i n e d en the

b a s i s o f a c t u a l a v e i l a b i l i t y o f v a r i o u s c r i t i c a l i n n u t e .

l o c a t i o n a l a d v a n t a o e or di s-ad vant.^qe -if the proji ct demand

f o r the end o r o d u c t , e h s o r p t i o n c a p a c i t y o f Iho e:^ucu^:inr;

' ffqenicy e t c , ...........................................

( Paqe 22 h , h ^ 7 ^

4 . I t i s e s s e n t i a l to d e v e l o p mFchanism b y u h i c h

v a r i o u s i n p u t s can bo s u p p l i e d t i m e l y ana a d q u a t e l y at tha

at the p r o j e c t s i t e s . Th is ii i 11 c a l l f o r , amPnq o t h o r l l i n G y ,

an ef f icif*n+; «n-d -cheop tr^ 'nBuort. r y st|3rfi, . app.ii,egt.irin , e f . . . ,

modern system o f manaqement fo r p l a n n i n g o f p.lacertr (it 01 order ;

- 374 -

- 3 7 5 -

and d e J i u e r y s y R t B ms , end o f m o n i t o r i n g o f movyement o f

m a t e r i a l and Gv/ol vl ng s u b s t i t u t e a r r a n g e m p n t e i n c a s e o f d e l a y o r f a i J u r e ,

( Pa ge ? 2 / 2 j 3 ; P a r a £ 2 9 ^

I n t e r n a l r e s o u r c e m o b j l i s d t i o n i n t h e r e g i o n b e i n g

l i m i t e d , a v a i l a b i l i t y o f a d t q u a t e i n e t j t u t i o n a J f i n a n c e has to be e n s u r e d ,

( Pa g e 2 3 ? P a r a 1 0 )

The g u i d e l i n e s i n r e s p e c t o f v/ar i ous n a t i o n a l p r o

grammes do no t t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e p e c u l i a r s i t u a t i o n

p r e v / a i l i n g i n t h e NE and t he r e a l i t i e s i n t h e f i e l d . T h e r e

f o r e , s e p a r a t e g u i d e l i n e s k e e p i n g i n v i e u t he l o c a l c o n d i

t i o n i n s p e c i f i c a r e a s may be d r a u n up i n r e l a t i o n t o s uch

pr ogr amme s by t h e P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n / c o n c e r n e d C e n t r a l n i n i 8 1 r i e s ,

( Pc igo 23 ; P a r a 1 1 )

7 . A d m i n ! s t r a t i n n b e i n g an i m p o r t a n t i n p u t f o r e f f e c t i v e

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n mf p l a n s c h e m e s , n e e d s o r i e n t a t i o n and m o t l u a -

t l o n by a r r a n g i n g p r o p e r t r a i n i n g o f p e r s o n n e l .

( Pa ge 24 • P a r n 1 3 )

F"nr a d e q u a t e ut j 1 isir] t l on o f t he t r a d i t i o n a l s p i r i t

o f communi t y p a r t i n i p a t i o n emong t h e l o c a l p o p u l a t i o n f o r

l mpl e mBnt a f : i on o f d e v e l o p m e n t e c h e m e s , a s u i t a b l e s t r a t e g y

s h o u l d be e v o l v e d , ( P a g e 24 ; P a r a 1 4 )

Ther e i s a s p r c ' e l } j a b t f : r n o f Ce nt . r a l a s s i s t a n c e f o r

t h e pl anf ; dJf tf>e N o r t h - I - a s t e r n S t a t e s and Uni on T e r r i t o r i e s .

T h e r e i s , howcwen, no thfe CADfJ IL fp rm u la- , u h i c h . p r o v i d e s f o r /

/ s p e t ' i a l p a t t e r n o f c e n t r a l a B s i s t a n - n e f o r t l i e No r t h f a s t e r n S t a t e s

and UTf^, r e q u i r e g a r e v i e u t o i n d i c a t e d e f i n i t e c r i t e r i a f o r

d e t e r mi nlrhg^ de f i c i e j n c i e s o f t h e s p e c i a l c a t e g o r y S t a t e s / U l s ,

i n o r d e r to f i x a t i me f r ame f o r maki ng up t h e b a c k l o g , to

p r o v i d e i n c e n t i v e to ■f;hesG S t ? - t o a / l J T8 f o r d e v e l o p i n g a d d i

t i o n a l r e a n u r t B8 and t o c r e a t e p s y c h o l o g i c a l c o n f i d e n c e and

s e n s e o f e q u a l i t y among hhEse S t a t e s , A p o i s p e c t i v e p l a n

w i t h t h e d e f i n i t e s t r a t e g y n f l i r i n g i n g t h e No r t h E a s t to a

c o m p a r a b l e s t a g e o f d e v e l o p m e n t i . i i th t he r o s t o f t h e c o u n t r y

u i i t h i n c e r t a i n t i me f r . m« i s n e c e s s a r y . I t u i l l g i v e

d i rru: t ,i rn ..nri rnnup tn thi nroaromine mT prnnnmli: dev/p ]ijp~

nu' n t, G f■ t he r oq .1 a n . F □ r h h i s } 'u i pn sf: , s pr ( i Vi r; i nd i r: h" s '.3 f

(ir un 1 n finu^n t s h n u l d be G V / o l \ y t d . Tht-. n a t i n n n l o b l i n a L j o t i bo

pro\.'idf' To r mnrn hhan pr oport i o n n t R rr^^sourfjes bn ■ p n n i n l

c s t p q n r y S i a t n e In crrdf r bn h r i n q n h o u t i.h' i r ad\/nncf:rnr-nt;

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as 0 nob.jafifil p l a n n l n q □ b;j f, i :t i \/f-; orui r:nmrni tmrh t , lJithi)Ut

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uorihuh. i lFj rpeii.l tn in n 1 ;h(:r u n y e , rGrrifiins u i t bout d i i G [ ; b i o n

f'Dnus or i m p n c t . I t may not be p n & s i b L & t,o Iiowg tli(„ c r l tL -

r i n n o f complcitinq tiiia pinne-'.s f n r n i l tbo spf ci a i co t.pqoiy

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o f s t u d y to dFj\/isti o s.ino.ln or rnorr tban tliiK:. frainB f(Ji

f J j f f Q r c ■ n t, G p P c j a 1 c a t. (■ q o r y S t a t b •

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i n , A [iroqrainnie n f dov/c 1 n('imnnt o t r a i h j a y , r o a d acid

i n l a n d ijater t r a n s p o r t u i t h i n a s p r c i f in tiiriF frama s h o u l d

be f o r m u l a t e d t,o t'Osurt- t hat bht N o r t h b a s t dotJs not c o n t i n u e

to st j f fpr from the BpFsclal h a n d i c a p s c au sF d by tlic t o u n t r y ’ s

pa rt it: i o n .

( Pane ?7 ; P ar a 19 )

1 1 , The q u a l i t y o f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n makes m a t e j i a l r;on-

t r . i b u t i o n to thcv d e v e l o p m e n t p r o c e s s , in the c o n t e x t o f -chE

No rt h E a s t , I n a \/ei y spf c i a l mannf^r. I t is n e c r s s a r y t h a t

the t r a d i t i o n a l l o c a l admin i si rat io n svst cm i <3 s t.r nnn hhtmin^

and allour ;d to p l a y a biqqi .r role, , 1 bn d t r i a i o n m aki ng p r o c u a s

s h o u l d be doceni"r; li s p d . For propt r implf montat j on o f pio-

qraminp, u b i c h I s l i k e l y to make a d i f f i r e n c e in t he q u a l i t y

o f l i f e in tlie North l .ast, a c:Gmmittpd a d m i n i s t r a t i o n u i t h a

s t ro n g t. r a d i i' i o n o f p u b) 1 i c s i r u i c e , ad e q u a 1 1 f m i J. i a r i. s in g

Liith modern t er : h n o l o q v , a hiqti dfqrei . o f o r i f n t a b i o n for

L f f i c i r n c y ?^nd r o n s i d F rablf t r e d i b i o n o f p a r t i c i p a t i o n u i t h

v i l l a D B comm.un lty. has l.o bi bul l t . .up. F'rfi- b th'tutjhti ♦'la-r .to

be q i u e n to t he metbiod^; o f r f-;r rui bmr ni . , tprms anrj c o n d i t i o n s

o f s e r v i c f , p r o p r r t r a i n i n q and o r i e n t a t i o n toiiards community

l i f e i n the N o r t h Easb. , Foi t h i s p u r p o s e an e x p e r t s t ud y

s h o u l d be u n d e r t a k e n . For a c o n s i d e r e b l e p e r i o d o f t ime

N o r t h E a s t u i l l ne t d t h e s &r w i c G s or e x p e r t s and a d r n i n i s t r a -

bor s f r om o u t s i d e . I t i s n e c e s s a r y , t h e r e f o r e , to c r e a t e

c o n d i t i o n s f o r such e x p e r t s and a d m i n i s t r a t o r s to u i l l i n g l y

come to s e r v e i n t he N o r t h E a s t u i t h a f e e l i n g t h a t serv/i ce

i n t h i s r e g i o n i s n e c e s s a r y as a m a t t e r o f n a t i o n a l commi t

ment f o r t he d e v e l o p me n t o f t h i s r e g i o n .

(Page 5 i _ 5 5 ; gaEat: 3 3 _ 4 s )

As 50 to 70 p e r c e n t o f t h e u o r k l o a d f a l l s on the

uomen f o l k i n t h i s r e g i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y ' i n t h e t r i b a l a r e a s ,

a pr ogr amme f o r improv/ement i n t e c h n o l o g y and h e a l t h o f

i fomen, u h i c h i s s i m p l e i n r i a t u r e b u t i m p o r t a n t i n e f f e c t ,

u i l l be v/ery r e l e v a n t f o r t h e d e v e l o p me n t ' s t r a t e g y i n t he

K o r t h E a s t , The D e p a r t me n t o f S c i e n c e a n d > T e c h n o l o g y and

CART s n o u l d be i n v o l v e d i n suc h a pr ogr amme,i

( Page 56 ; Pgr a 46 )

Due to r e l a t i v e l y spai ' se p o p u l a t i o n t h e r e g i o n has

e x p e r i e n c e d g r e a t d i s p a r i t i e s i n t h e l e v e l s o f d e v e l o p m e n t ,

A s t r a t e g y f o r d e v e l o p me n t o f t h i s r e g i o n s h o u l d t h e r e f o r e ,

he e v o l v e d u h i c h u i l l r e d u c e t h e s e d i s p a r i t i e s u i t h i n a

d e f i n i t e t i me f r a me , A. d e t a i l o x e r c i s e may be made by an

e x p e r t body to f r ame a d e t a i l e J pr ogr amme.

( Page gy ; pn ca )

14. The r e g i o n has t h e p o t e r i t i a l i t y f o r e me r g i n g as

an i m p o r t a n t e x p o r t e r o f s e l e c t e d a g r i c u l t u r a l , h o r t i c u l t u r a l

and p l a n t a t i o n _ pro d u c e , T h e s e t t i n g up o‘f t h e t a r g e t o f

f ood s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y f o r the r e g i o n as a u h o l e i s bo t h

p r a c t i c a b l e and d e s i r a b l e , f r om bhe p o i n t o f v i e u o f u t i l i s

i n g f a c t o r en d o u me n t s , r e d u c i n g t h e o t r a i n on t r a n s p o r t a t i o n

s y s t e m and e g o n o mi s i n g on th-£ c o s t s o f t r a n s p o r t and p r o v i d

i n g s u b s i d y f o r b r i n g i n g t h o G P f r om o u t s i d e t h e r e g i o n ,

( Page .50 • s j J a- par a A )

^ • Food s e l f - s u f f i c i e n : p r i m a r y e d u c a t i o n , r u r a l

h e a l t h , d e v e l o p me n t o f humar * r e s o u r c e s , d e v e l o p me n t o f l i n k e d

r o a d s , LJater s u p p l y , r B e t O T i j t i o n j ) . r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and d e v e l o p

ment o f f o r e s t r e s o u r c e s , d>i l o p me n t o f r a i l u a y l i n J o g e ,

- 3!?7-

- 378 -

i mp r o v e mGn t and d e v F l G o me n t o f n s v i g a b l E u s t E r u a y s ;

i r npr ovement and d e v e l o p mG n t o f p o s t a l and t E l e p h o n i c commu

n i c a t i o n s s h o u l d be t r e a t e d as p r i o r i t y s e c t o r s f o r d e u e l o p -

mcnt 0 f / f u n § s ^ f o r ^ t a f < i n g - up ^ a p p r o or i a t e schemc-s on a s u f f i

c i e n t s c a l e f o r a c h i e w i n g t h e c o mp a r a b l e e q u i t y o f d e v E l o p -

ment u i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e c o u n t r y s h o u l d be wor k e d o u t by

t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f s p e c i a l i s e d i n s t i t u t i o n s , I t i s i n t h e

a l l o c a t i o n o f f u n d s i n v a r i o u s s e c t o r s - C e n t r a l , Sta^te o r

N . E . C . - t he r e q u i r e d f u nds <for such p r i o r i t y pr ogr cmmes

s h o u l d be e a r ma r k e d , pr eamp t ed and b r o u g h t un d e r some mecha

ni sm u h e r e b y . t h e r e s o u r c e s a r e n o t d i v e r t e d to o t h e r scnemes

and t h e p r o g r e s s o f schemes i s s y s t e m a t i c a l l y m o n i t o r e d to

e n s u r e e f f e c t i v e r e s u l t s . An e x e r c i s e made i n t h i s r e g a r d

i n d i c a t e s t h e s c a l e n f i n v e s t m e n t o f Rs,4564 c r o r e s ^ o r such .

p r i o r i t y pr ogr ammes and t h i s u o u l d a p p e a r to be u i t h i n

r e a s o n a b l e l i m i t s o f t h e f u n d s l i k e l y to be e v o l v e d f o r

d e v e l o p me n t i n t h e v a r i o u s s e c t o r s ;

( Page 5 8 - 62 ; s u b - p s r a A - ' K and par a 48 )

16. T he r e g i o n a l p l a n n i n g model ( f o r NE R e g i o n ) ^ s h o u l d

be b a s ed on i n t e g r a t i o n o f d e c e n t r a l . i s e d s y s t e m s . i her e

e h o u l d be o r e a t e r d e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n o f powers to l o u e r l e v e l

o f d e v e l o p me n t a d m i n i s t r a t i o n u i t h a v i e u t o i n c o r p o r a t e

l o c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t h e pr ogr amme. T h i s u i l l make on

i m m e d i a t e i m p a c t on t h e s o c i o - e c o n o m i c l i f e o f t h e p e o p l e ,

( Page 64 , Par a 53 )

^ 7 , A package o f mea s ur es i n v o l v i n g c o n s i d e r a b l y l e s s

f i n a n c e and l e s s a d v a n c e d l e v e l o f i n p u t s s u p p l y , t r a d i n g

and t e c h n o l o g y f o r r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f Dhumi a f a m i l i e s t han

s u g g e s t e d by T a s k F o r c e on S h i f t i n g c u l t i v a t i o n i n t h e i n i t i a l

phase may have b e t t o r c hanc es o f s u c c e s s . ‘ - E x p e r t s may d e v o t e

t h e m s e l v e s t o e v o l v i n g - a package o f measur es u h i c h i s o f t h e

o r d e r o f Ps . 8>00D/- t o P,s. 1 0 , 0 0 0 / - pe r f a m i l y . Hor e t h a n

t h e amount o f r e s o u r c e s t o be c o mmi t t e d to t h i s pr ogr ammes

t h e n a t u r e o f t h e pa c k ag es o f t he mea sur es u o u l d r e q u i r e

l o c a l v a r i a t i o n to be s t u d i e d i n d e t a i l and c o n s i d e r e b l e

r e f i n e m e n t for. a d o p t a t i o n and a l s o f o r i n n o v a t i o n .

( Page 9 3 - 9 4 5 P a r a 1 3 - 1 4 )

® • Tho hi .gheat p r i o r i t y shoul i j bt; qj v/en fo r c o n s e r u o —

t l o n o f n a t u r a l r e a o i i r c e s su ch as l a n d , w a t e r , B io l oc j i c al

r e s n u r c e e e t c , t h r o u g h a p p r o p r i a t e m e a s u r G s ,

( Page 94 ; Par a 15 )

1 hr prnnrammG f o r s h i f t i n g c u l t i u n t i o n s h o u l d be

p r e c e d e d by c a r e f u l and d e t a i l e d p l a n n i n g . Mi c r o u a t e r s h e d

u n i t s o r a g r o u p o f h i l i o c k s may be t a ke n as a u n i t f o r

d e t a i i e d p r o j e c t f o r m u J a t i o n , I t u o u l d be p r e f e r a b l e i f

e t u n i n a l l y homoqenf ous h a b i t a t s a r e t a k e n f n r t h i s pur pose

s i n c e i t u i l L h e l p i n m e a n i n g f u l c o m m u n i c a t i n n , e a s i e r

d e c i s i o n maki ng and e f f e c t i v e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n ,

( Page ' Par a )

AG R I C ] I J J U R F _ AND^AJ. C T O R j

_ A g r i c u l t u r i ;

2"0• As maximum y i J d i s ot i t ai ned i n case o f u i n t e r

c r o p s , f o r u h i r h i r r i g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s u o u l d Ih> r e q u i r e d ,

an adci i t i . onal . ar ea o f at l e a si; 2 , 0 l a k h s h e c t r e i n Assam

and 1 . 0 l a k h ha. i n o t h e r s i x u n i t s s h o u l d be b r o u g h t under

i r r i g a t i o n i n t he r e g i o n d u r i n g t he S e v e n t h P l a n , ,

( Page; 96 ; Par a 1 7 )

• C o n s i d e r i n g t he c o n s t r a i n t s i n the dewel opment o f

i r r i g a t i o n gr r ^ a t er t h r u s t net ds to be g i u e n to t:he f o l l G u i n q

( a ) S e t t i n g up o f a sf^parate o r g a n i s a t i o n f o r

devyel npment o f i r r i g a t i o n i n A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h ,

Me g h a l a y a , N a g a l a n d and Mi z o r a m and s t r e n g t h o n i n g

o f I r r i g a t i o n D e p a r t me n t s i n Ma n i p u r and T r i p u r a ;

( b ) In t h o s e S t a t e B / U n i o f i T r r r i t o r i e e u h e r e amt’l l

a r e a s a r e l i k e l y to be b e n e f i i : e d by mi no r s ur f a c . e n /

g r o u n d y a t e r schemes i t u o u l d be a d i / i s a b l e to f n r m u -

l a t e 1 ntegratfc; d de i/e.l o piiunit schemt^s by combi t i i ng

u a t e r s h e d maneigemont, poue r g e n e r a t i o n , a n i m a l

h u s b a n d r y , i r r i g a t i o n and a g r i c u l t u r e j

- 379 -

( c ) r t u i n r i t . y ru r dn to bt n.i\yF-;n hn nurv oys ,

1 niv/i st; 1 i nnr nnr! n l p n n l u r ) anrl d c e l g n s o f nru

nifnlium and mi n o r i i r i g n i l o n schGf!iE;;i R t l t H .-t i n i htj

F i r s t t un to i hr e e yc^arf-; of t.hf af vrHrhh Pl pf i J

( d ) Sr;h( mt a i.ihirti bi.nt f li. Inr; , I hnn 2 0 n n tia. o i l

r r n a r d F d as (fijnrjr, MobI. 3 r hr-mc. s in M« P. ♦ j t b o f

t f 1.1 1 . f: r! 1 1 ; 0 n r y dno i.o t r r r a i n . Thr y s i 1 1 1 't r t for 1

not D l i i r i h le for ns 8 .i staficc by r . n n i r . I U 8 lt:i

Conim.i.L, slo n , aJthouqti t e c t i n i c n i l y they ; i e \/tfiy

f h fO 1. f n (] j n g p n r I a j f; (; t j h 1 1 y , T h o y ri h n ij 1.11 h 0 t' 0 n d - •

r ro d F ^H gi hl f : for C . L l . f . ’ s assi.d;flncr, and i f t e n t i o n ;

( F. ) A G p f o i n ] u n i t I n i r:on rd i nni, i ng and mo n i tor.i nq

o f i r r i c i a t i o n pT'oier;ts may hr prceiri j nt rGrilona.l

Jgv/f. J and at l . arhe d to NEC' Sf c r e ? t a ri ai , ;

( t ) AsaffBsnv n l f^nd dc!velanmGi t, o f a r ou n d u, 'ater

r P B O i i r c r s .in thF? rl\/r. r v a l l e y s rinii f o o t h i l l s s h o u l d

be qlv/en p r i o r i t y be caust tl ie b r ' n i - f i i s f r om s ur h

schrmos cmi he r e a l i s o c l u i t h o u t t i me 1

( Page ^ 6 - 9 H ; Pa j o 17 )

2 2 , Thf^ main t h r u s t s h o u l d be m i nrro as i ni i ttie l o v e i

o f (iri.iduction and t h r rate; o f p r o d u c t i v i t y , Ttir problem

o f r a i s i n g ttir p r o d u c t i o n I t v l j-s y e l l as the p r o d u c t i

v ity rat F :9 is m u J t i f a c c t e d and uoirld, t h r r e f o r e , c a l l for

i n t r o d u c t i o n o f l o c a t i o n £ :pecj f lr t F . chncj l ony , a d e q u a t e

pa ck a qe o f input m i x , Jmprov/emrnt j f i.hn c i o p p i n u pat t e r n ,

(' f r e c i. i \y t f> x t e n s i o n s e r v j, c e , a v a i 1 a (1 j 1 j t y o f r.: r e d i t e t c .

I n i h i s (.:o nn t c t i 0 n a p p l i c a t i o n o f i n p u t par. 'kage and tHC.h-

n o l o g y and ogr j i u'l t u i a l t o o l s and imp] cmen t s s u i t a b l e f o r

t h i s r e q i o n re commended iDy I CAP may be f - dopt r d u i t h i he

i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s h o r t d u r a t i o n HYl/,

; Par a 3 .. ( j )

2 3 , T e chn o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n , to t a c k If the pF c u l i a r

pr ob lem o f providiriq i r r i g a t i r i n to t h i s s mal l h o l d i n g s ,

b a s r d on undt 1 -grounrl or burirtj p i p e , d i s t ]-i h u t i o n system

copn,eci,pd_ 141 th. suT;f;Bce .u^ter. popv/.eyanF;G .sys.tiifn, or .pump . . . ,

- '3HH -

- 381 -

o p e r a t i v / e head may be a t t e m p t e d i n t h i s r e g i o n .

■ (Pa9£5 106 ; ( i i i ) )

2 4 . ' A r r a n g e m e n t s s h o u l d be made f o r p r ov / i d i n g HYW seeds

^ s u i t a b l e f o r d i f f e r e n t c r o p s as r ecommendod by I CAR/AAU.

(Paqe i q 7 ? )

25 , A R e g i o n a l Seed C e r t i f i c a t i o n Agenc y u i t h t h e

a s s i s t a n c e o f N a t i o n a l Seeds C o r p o r a t i o n s h o u l d be c r eat ed .

F o u n d a t i o n Seed P r o d u c t i o n Farms and t h e S t a t e Seed M u l t i

p l i c a t i o n Farms may be f u r t h e r d e u e l o p e d w i t h e f f i c i e n t

management s y s t e m . . .( Page ^ q 7 ; Par a )

26 , [vtajor p o r t i o n o f t h e C e n t r a l S e c t o r 3hum c o n t r o l

Scheme, recommended by t h e T a s k F o r c e s e t up by G o v t , of

I n d i a , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e u i t h an o u t l a y o f Rr,75

c r o r e s , s h o u l d be made a v a i l a b l e to S t a t e s , and. UTs. i n NE

as t h e p r o b l e m i s most s e v e r e i n t h e r e g i o n *

( Page 1 0 7 ; Par a ( y ) )

2 7 . A r e g i o n a l l a n d u s e d / l a n d c o v e r map s h o u l d be

p r e p a r e d f o r t he r e g i o n to e n s u r e s c i e n t i f i c management

o f l a n d . L a n d s a t d a t a f o r t h i s p u r p o s e s h o u l d be c o l l e c t e d

t h r o u g h r e mo t e s e n s i n g me t h o d s . A, r e g i o n a l c e n t r e o f NRSA

s h o u l d be s e t up i n t h e r e g i o n d u r i n g t h e Sevent h. P l a n ,

( Page <1 qb ; Par a ( v i ) )

28* The: r a t e o f c o n s u mp t i o n o f f e r t i l i s e r may be

s t e p p e d up to 15 k g / h a . f r om t h e p r e s e n t l e v e l o f 5 . 5 2

k g / h a . A pr ogr amme f o r i n t e g r a t e d n u t r i e n t s u p p l y by

c o m p l i m e n t a r y use o f m i n e r a l n i t r o o e n o u s f e r t i l i s e r al ong

u i t h b i o - f e r t i l i s e r s h o u l d be u n d e r t a k e n ,** j

( Page 108 I Par a ( v i i " )

2 9 . The R e g i o n a l C e n t r e f o r P r o d u c t i o n o f B i o - f e r t i l i s e r

a t A.A.U, 3 o r h a t s h o u l d be a d e q u a t e l y s t r e n g t h e n e d t o meet

t h e needs o f t he e n t i r e r e g i o n ,

( Page 108 ; Para ( v i i )

- 382 -

3 0 , Existing f a c i l i t i e s for cQllection of ueather

data relat ing to soi l temperature, u ind velocity , sun-shine

hours, length of day e t c . , may be reviewed and recommenda

tions made by National Commission of Agriculture in this *

regard be implemented.

(Page ipe ; Para (uij,i )

31 , regional centre for plant protection and quarr-

antine for keeping the NER free of pests , d iseased and

ueeds uhich may be introducecj, along u ith s e e d s / p l a n t s /

g r a i n s , may be e s t ab l i sh e d ,

(Pages 109 ; Para ( v i i i )

Hor t icul t u r e ;

32 , The region u i t h unique d iv e r s it y of agro-climatic

condit ion s , a lt i t u d a n a l var iat ions and u el l d i st r ib u te d

r a i n f a l l has vast potential for h ort icu lt ura l development.

This potential needs to be e xp lo ite d . Greater emphasis

should be la id on cu lt i va t io n of high value, non-perishable

crops l ike casheunut , coconut, black pepper, cardamom etc,

(Pages 1 0 9 / 1 1 0 ; Para ( i )3 3 , Tuo percent of jhum area may, at le as t , be brought

under fr u i t crops ‘'©Very year, covering an area of 4 7 , 0 0 0

hac, during the Seventh Plan.

(Page '109/11 0 ;para ( i ) )

34 , Total requiremtint of p lanting material required

for br inging a d d it io n a l area under hort iculture u i l l have

to be careful ly assessed by St ate s /U Ts ,

(Page 1 1 0 ; Para ( i i ) )

35 , Besides exotic f r u i t s , a large number of indegenous

f r ui t s of the region also need a t te n t io n , A Research Centre

for Indigenous Fruits may be set up by ICAR in the Region,

(Page 110 ; Para(iijt )

•

36, The e x i st i ng fr ui t processing units in t h e region-

should be strengthened to enable them to raise the produc**-

t ion caoacity by at least 40^ during the Seventh Plan period,

Greater stress may be laid on production of f r uit j u i c e con

centrates ,

(Page 110 ; Para (iv )

3 g : -

3 7 . The I r u e l o f p r o d u c t i o n o f and see.ds for

po ta t o s h o u l d b& r a i s e d to 4 0 0 0 t o n n e pbr annum to niBet

the Bstimat.Ed r E q u i r e m r n t o f the rr.qJon by 1 9 3 0 ,

( Pan e 1 ^ 2 j I -1 a r a ( ' i i )

A n l m o l Hugliandry :

J0» Ar ra s p o c i f l c proQrammGs f o r de’ velopmnnt o f Animal

Husliandry ahoulil be t a k e n up dc.\/t: lopmr nt o f t r a n s p o r t a n : m a l

o f l o c a l bref;d l i k e yok^ pony Btc i n h i p h r r rpocheo <^nd m i l k

and meat p r o d u c i n g a n i m a l s at ,loi.iiG?r r o a c h e s .

( Pape '|'12 * Para )

3 9 . Pippf ry dLVFjJopment s h o u l d be take n up on 3 ~ t i e r

s ys t em s u p p e s t e d by ICA,R in a l.iip u a y as pig r e o r i n p i s

uery p o p u l a r u i t h tritDal .

. ( Pape -113 ; Para ( i i i )

4 0 , ' To iniprov/e a n i m a l h o a l t h c a r e , as an jmmediatr

m e a s u r e , A ni ma l H e a l t h C(7: n t re u i t h S e n i o r S c i E n t i s t and

s u p p o r t i n g Tf c h n i c a l s t s f f s h o u l d be set ijp in each c o n s

t i t u e n t u n i t , 1 he SfjWenth l^lran tar.pot Ghould be to hav/o

one w e t e r i n a r y a i d C e n t r e f or e u e r y bOOO l i ' j e s t o c k p o p u

l a t i o n in p l a i n s anrl f or evt-iry 3 5 0 0 lii /Rgi :ock in t he re mo to

tiealth a r e a .

( PagR 1 1 LI ? P a r a ( i \ / ) )

I mprovement o f the b r e e d o f c 'attJo needs u r g en t

a t t e n t i o n for i,/hich a Jong term a p o r o a c h u i t h multi--

di Hci f)l i n a r y s p e c i f i c projictfci is tiuiigested.

([ 'age 114 ; Para(v / ) )

^<2. One modf^rn l a r g e s i z e meat p r o c e s s i n g p l a n t may bc-

G s t a h l i s h e d in thfi r e g i o n ,

( P a g e 114 ; P n r a ( v 1 i i ) )

4 3 , Sui viijy o f the f'iBh f a u n a o f tl'u? Nl Roqion uitfi

s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e -n ir.lielr econoniir; impori .ance may be

u n d e r t a k e n . \(I’nno Ilf; Pars ( I'i a) )

4 4 , De wel op me nt o f b(: el rtserv/oii ' and ponri f i s h e r i e s

r e q u i r e d immt.diate at bent i n n f f f e c t i u e methods o f u e e d

c a n t r n l sf i oul d be d r y l e c d . Paddy u t t h f l a h c u l t u r r ^ eJsn HFt ds tcj be p o p u l a i j s t d .

(Pac)tj 1 1 4 / 1 ' 15 ; Par a ( j ) ( m )

45, DGvyelopment of I n t e g r a t e d f i s h f a r m i n g p r n j e c t s

iJit.h p n u I t r y / Duc t < - r . um~f i s h and pi y - c u m - f .i sh c i i l t u r f i e h n u l d be at t ( - .mpted, .

( f’aciB H R ; Para (^ ) )

^ A i r l - m a r k t:'t j nq & S i o r aciB j

4b, TbB D j r t c i o r a b o of- P l a r k e t i n g ^ T n s p e r t l o n , n i n i ^ t , r y

n f A g r d c L j l t u r B may n o n a i d e r openi nc) o f a r c q i o n a l c p p t r e

f o r t he No r t h f a s t f o r f r i r m u l a t l n q a ma r k n i p o l i c y on c o n

t i n u i n g b a s i s and f o r p m u l d i n g t r a i n i n g t?tc.

( Page 1 1 6 ; Par a ( n ) )

47. S t o r a g e f a c i l l t i n s r ecommf nded by t h e U o r k i n g G r o up

on s u p p l y , SBr ui cGR and Liorka i n t h e NT Reg i on may be

c r e a t e d on p r i o r i t y b a s i s f o r me e t i n g t ho r G q u i r e m B n t o f

s u p p l y o f e s s e n t i a l c o mmo d i t i e s i n t he r e g i o n *

( Page Para ( i v ) )

48. The m a r k e t i n g c o o p e r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e as o w h o l e may

be st r f . ' ngt hened i n t h e r e q i o n .

(Paipe 1 1 7 ; Par a ( ^ 1 ) )

methods of c r o p d r y i n g and p r e s e r v a t i o n l i k e

i r r a d i a t i o n , s o l a r d r i e r s may be i n t r o d u c e d on a l a r g e s c a l e .

( Page 1 1 7 ; Par a ( v i i . i ) )

ijin^ ^ a p ^ ^

I n t r o d u c t i o n and amendment o f l e g i s l s t i v e measur es

f o r s p e c i f i c p u r p o s e s l i k e f s t a l D l i a h me n t n f b i o s p h e r e r e -

srr\/eft need to be t a k e n . Hor e N a t i o n a l p o r k s and U l l d l i f e

s a n c t u a r i e s ar e r e g u i r r d to be s e t up,

( Page 121 ; Par a 5 )

^ • Dev/e l opment o f s p e c i f i c a r o a - u i s e management , programme

f o r j h u mi n g i . i i th t h o o b j e c t i v e o f p r o v i d i n g an a l t e r n a t i v e

economic, a v o c a t i o n to j h u m i a s .

( Page 123 J Par a 7 ( 1 ) )

- 3 8 4 -

f '2, SourGPiS o f f m l l L j t j o n i n t h o ma j o r c a p i i . a l bn un/ ur ban

nont r f i s oF I r nphal , A i z o u l , A g a r t a l o , S h i l l o n g , Ko hi ma , G aiiha t i ,

I t a n a q a r , T i n s u k i a , D u l i a j a n , Narnrup, S l b s a q a r and H o n g o i -

gaon may hr, 8ur\/ryefj f o r aescBsmenl n f thf. (9xtr.nl . n f p o l l u -

t i n r i tjf ual . t ' r and a i r on a c c o u n t o f i n d u s t r i a l q r o u t h .

Adt q uat e r e m B d i a l me as ur ea may a l s o be p r r ' a c r i h E d ,

( P a q B 1 2 4 • P a I' a ( u ) )

^ 3 . A B ub - c e n t r e o f t\ e H i m aJ e ya n I n Qt ltu tr ; f o r Prntt;c-»

t. a e t i u n and H a n a g (. m t j n t o f E n \/ j, r o n m r n t m o y h] e c r t a Li 1 i s h r, d in

t ho rt^gion f o r p r o w i d i n g iL-^nhnical g u i d a n c r anti e\/Gl\/ing a

. s u i t a b .1 h I a n i:J use p a 11 b r- n .

( f ’aqt 1 2B ; l ^ara( \/i ) )

‘^ 1 * T o r pr ov / i di nq a d eq uat e Itig i s l a t i v o s u p p o r t to i.ho

T G q u i r p d nnv/in r nmr n ta .1 manaqei i i rnt amJ cnnbr cj l n n r i s n a r y a r r -

angp^monts s h o u l d br madt f o r c n a c t mo n t and m o d i f i c a t i o n o f

lauis a r c o r d j n g to s p r i c i f i c nccrls and c o n d i t l n n i n c ach 3 t , at c/

( PaqG 12b Par a ( w i l l ) )

-J 5 , S t a t G / 1J T G n \j r r n m d n 1 3 a tin u 1 d r f; g u 1 a t f n p e; n 5. n n and

c a p a c i t y o f 3 au m i l l .( Pnqe 125 ; Pa'ra ( ’ y ) )

b 6 , CodGs for £ n v/i ronmGnt a J p r n t G r t j o n may b& p r e p a r e d

f o r each c n n s t i t u G n t S t a t e / U T .

(Paqt^ 126 • Para x )

_F'jDj:r iitj^

S 7 , Tho t o t a l dc-plotian in fnri st area n f Nt heG been

o f thf u idf r o f 2 1 4 7 s q . k m , pnr y car„ A rJctailed proqrnmmG

f o r a f fo T G a t a t Jon may Ijg in.1t.1alGd by S t a t G / U I G n u t , for

TG CO \y B r i n g t h i s a r G a ,

( Paqe 13? Pa i a l i )

5 P . An G xp or t C umm it tc G may be s e t up by n i n i a t r y o f

rn\/i ronmGnt F o r f s t D t p t t . o f F o r f s t , to s t u dy o f thr norms

of f o r e s t cov/cr in e a c h StatG/LIT o f tiie r n q i o n . Ih(: Pomnij-

ttf G may a lso i n d i c a t e a c t i o n programmes fo r i n c r e a s i n g i.he

CO \/n r .( Pago 13;^ ; Par a j .1 )

- 385 ~

t.hf e to lo I) j c.i 1 t ' r a g ; i i r ' ^>ean, Qrn;^jni j of' n n l ma l s

s h o u l d bf rt s t i i c.t.Rd, f i i t . c o n t r o l .hnul r ) Mf: tinnp i n a

syat oi nat i . c mannt r and ' j ngrRdi ' d t’n i E s h s may t,ip of f ' Dt ed t.n

l a r n G . indust r i a l conct r ns on Inni j hnrm It'aar: i n r hak i nq up

p] ant . at . ion prugrafnniGR.( f ' agi ’ 1 ; Car a \j )

U h j l n c a l c u l a i j nq t he coi.;t rjf maj nr ijfiLj rru'dium p r a -

j F c t a , thG l i k e l y daniaqn.s tn fr) r '3 ., i y and t nv/i rnnrrif ip t" is

i./nll as t h p i r rr 'p I t.n i shnipti t cosh s h o u l d tJ.sn bn t a k e n i n t o

n c n o u n t . U i t h r-idf^quatt-i p n l i c i P i : f n i l i c R n H i n q ; r o y a l l t y

paymnnt and r e q ^ n B r a i . i n n nf.iBt.ri i t fii.iqht bo pns. sj t i l n to

compsnaat B htie daniaqos l i k r ^ l y tr> [h darif. to fni.Q.:^t and eco — s y y t. B rn,

( P a q E. 1 3 hi ; I ' a i, a v/ ,i .i )

• I n a l l ar r af - l l k n l y tn he st.ibmerqfid due to h i q h dams

o r b i g hyfiel p r o j t . c t s , ourwt - y o f thr. i m p n r t a n t p l a n t spr c l F i S

s h o u l d he m.'dn and mGaaurBE-! f o r pr f s&r va t i o n / p r o t ec.t i on o f

the Hamo i n i t i a t o d ,( Page 1'>6 ; Pai 'a v. i i . i ^

6?* A r r g i o n r O oBntre-^ o f For o , t R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e &

Col l o g o s may ho s t ^ i r t a d i n t h i s r r g i o n f o r de\/ol opment o f

t p c h n o l o q i s u i t a h l e f b r r o n s e i ' v a t i o n o f n a t u r a l r e s o u r c n s

and f o r t r a i n i n g o f f nr f ?st s t a f f .

( Page " Pnr a X )

5.1, The n o n - c o n v e n t i o n a l t o c h n i r i u n s l i k e t x s s u e - r u l t u r e ,

c l o n a l p r o p a g a t i o n e t c may ho t a k e n up i n t.he r r g i o n Ln.th

inwo 1 u R m n t of nompe e■ nt i,e c h n i c ■ ; : nd e x t o n s i o n a g e n c i e s

f o r e u o l v i n g s u i t a b l e met hods and fcipf)lyinq them t he

f . i e l d c o n d i t i o n s ,( Page 1'U) ; Par a xi )

” Gono B s n a k s ” .and B i o s p h f : r B Rrserv;r->d may be.i ma i n

t a i n e d i n l iands o f f a r e a s f o r c o n s er v y at i o n o f f l o r a and f auna

f o r p j o sent, an d f u t u r e u s o ,

( Paqe .,3 - ; Par a )

r Ren euab l e Rpbou r c s o f_ E r. e r rj y :

• 1 hro r i t i c al 1 y a l a r q e nutnber of a l t e r n a t i u e efiergy

sysi.pms i . E . , riydro, q a s and c o a l bas-3 d a i e a u a i J a b l p hut

- 3Rfv

t t i r s o syst ems ar p I n o i t i n n s p t j c i f i c and i n o i r l n r ho ( .hnoBe

one and dewJsf: t he a d a p t a h i o n and a p p i i c a t i o n np t h e i r

t e chno .10 g i e 8 to ! or : al s i t u a t i o n s , c a r e f u l l o c a t i o n based

surv/oys arE^ n o c e a s a r y , A stronc] n r nanl sat . i . r m f o r t ho No r t h

F a s t f o r u n d e r t a k i n q sur:h ' .^urwpys and f o r dt c i d l n q the;

s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e tectinfi l oq j es i s u r q e n t l y needed,

( Paqe 1f-,1 ; Par a 1 )

6 6 . I ^ i c r o , m i n i and s ma l l hy dr o ( l ) pt o 5 n y ) pot enl . i a . l lias

r e ma i n e d l a r q e l y unt a|) ped. Such p r u j e n t s ar e i m p o r t a n t i n

t h e r e g i o n due to d i f f i c u l t t e r r a i n f o r r e a c h i n g e l c c t r i c H y

t o t h e l a r g e number o f i n t e r i o r t r i b a l v / i l l a g e s u h i r h , dtie

t o prt ) hl eins and cost.s o f t r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e s , ar e no t l i k e l y

to see t h e e .1 ect : r i ci t y f o r a l ong t i me to nnmc, G r g a n i s a t i n n s

l i k e BHfa , I I T s e t c . s h o u l d be e n c o u r a g e d to u n d e r t a k e

r e s e a r c h i n t he f i e l d . f a c h 5t a t e / l ! T s l i oul d i d t n t i f y t he

o r g a n i s a t i o n u hi c t i u i l .1 underi .akt! p r o p a r a t i o n and i mp l e me n

t a t i o n o f p r o j ^ ^ c t s .( P a q e 5 2 5 ^ i 1 i )

67. Tt iouqh t h e r e ar r subst ani . i a J c o a l rese^rv/es i n 1: h(-' NFR,

t a p p i n g o f coai . f o r pouer g e n e r a t i o n r i a l l s f o r a l ou p r i o i i t y

and t h i s f o s s i l f u e l c o u l d be p r t s e i w e d f o r a f u t u r e d a t e .

liou f; V / r , such c o a l based t h e r m a l s t : a t i o n may be c o n s i d e r e d

u h i e h or e t i e d up i i i t h o t i i e r i n d u s t r i a l [ j r o j e e t s ,

( Page j Par a i\/ )

6 P. Ttie ec onomi c f e a s i b i l i t y o f l a r g e hyrjE:;l p r o - j e c l s

and i t s eo r r espo ndi nq mat ch u i t h t . hermal p r o j e c t s f o r

b a l a n c i n o i t u o u l d need tn bc nt udi c - d a l o n q u i i . h t h e t e c h

n i c a l f e a s i b i l i t y o f i mnoundi nf j l a r g e rjunn l i l i ee of u a t e r

u i t h i n i,h(- l i m i t a t i o n o f r ock and soi l c h a r a c t e i i s t i e s of t t u

r e g i o n and i t s s e i s m i c i t y .( P a q e '1 b 4 ; P a 1 a y i i. )

69. Pou er shnul i i \ e t r e a t e d as I n d u s t r y i n t h e r e q i n n ,

and liuJ.k i r nnsmi s s i o n out s i de: t he rsgi r . ' n C 3(i liecrime a sub

s t a n t i a l oourctr o f r e v e n u e f o r some o f i l ie S t a t e / U t o f I he

r e g i o n , u h i e h i . iould o l h e r u i s t ha\jf’ no int'omt gent r a t i o n f o r

s u n t a i n i n g q r o u t h . F u r t h e r p l a n n i n g f o r tht.; Puuer S e c t o i

u i l l have to keep t l i i s p o s s i l j i l i t y i n \/ieu.

( Page 1!)^ 5 i x )

:^87 -

70. T r ^ n u mi S' i 1 n and dJ s t r i t u i t i o t i l osên: i n t ht. MI R a r r

'’' Li i t t , h . i n ht v , U i t h t hf n t t p p l y incrr;ar>.in(.i c n s t n f pnuer

q f:! n f-: i a I', .i o n , i t m n y p n s F) 1 h I y I u i in n r e' v nnn u n e • r a b i v; p. t o i n \i ■■ 31

mnre f n r t r n n s m i .a.'uui and d.1 ai r;l but ;inn rg as to rf^duct T. ID

Ids .(Pags 157 “ Pair j > i i )

71. [ r r r a t r T 1 mpro' yum^nt n f t.C't hnu In q i C;. 1 ( " ap ab i l J t i r s

and ' - .upfjoit f n r dr: uo J □ pmt nt f qt u drrncj n f n r ' q i i i j pnRnt

myy hff! t ; - l :pn up i n t hr 7t h P i a n . P n u n bnni nt p r s T r a i n i n q

5nc j L‘t y o f I n d i a c.h□ u 1 d f t r i b 1 i ah a Rr'q j,nno 1 T r ^ ' i ni nn I n t i -

t u t e i n thf- Rp q i o q ,( Paqc: 1 C,8 j Para x i M )

72. Thn prnoramme n f fûral El r ai i . r i f ir-a t i n n - ' h u j l d pi l ni G- ’

r i I y a d d r £ rss i t b I f t □ i ,hi : t e a k o f I i f t - 1 rj: j nat j in a <, pnnunhi

a u r f 3 f:p~ija I r r r G s n i i r r c : ar e a\/ai1.oblp i n t i ie \ya],l: .y f o r

r n i : ‘i i. n q o f m u .11 i p 1 g c; r n p s b d a 1 d e y a c t -i, i n q up o f a r. ?-j 1.1 j q d u s -

1 1 i s u i i. h I n r a l l y a u a i 1 a b 1 1; T' au mat i:i r i a 1 r. ,

( ItiB ; :: xlv >

' >5. f o r thp surcf- :sa of RRf pr onr anmr , r x t 0nsi\'£.' n i to

CO 1 .1 e c't i o n and do r.umr-nt a t i id n i.'o r k s , tnchni . r a 1 re at a f c;h and

dp\/FÎn p mp nt , e- icnnnmir r r a n a rr:hc=s and ^ ; o c i o - e r onocni c r nBRar nhe; ,

may bn undf - r t aknn and manpower may bn t r a i n e d f o r i mpl nmf n t a -

t i o n , o p p r a t . l o n and mai ' nt r nannc o f RRL s c h e m t s .

( PaqPB 160 ; Par a 16 )

7 ^ . • B e s i d e s the. ] i \ / e a t n r k u a s t e , t h e r e q i o n abounds I n

aq r o - u i a a t R, f o r e s t - u a s t e and p l a n t s l i k e u a t e r h y n c l n t h

y h i c h prouiriej rau m a t e r i a l f o r b i o - g a s p r o d u c t i o n . The

t e e h n o l o q i e s u f i i c h a r e a \ ' a i l a b l e f f pm t h e s n h o o l o f A p p l i e d

R e s e a r c h , S a n q l i , I T T and nt h( ?r i n a t i . t u t i o n s c o u l d pro\/l de

an annuer to mnny r e mot e a r e a s i n thr- No r t h - [ a s t ,

( Pane 161 ; Par a i b )

75, The pTF sen t parametEir ' : ' n f a s a i s t a n c B f o r i n a t i t u t i n q o 1

fundi r^g f o r a l t e r n a t i u f ( R R t ) e n e r q y s y st ems ei t i ' i or f r om PEC

o r t h e ■ Pep- ar t mcnt o f - Mon-ConuQni ' . lanc^l Pnerqy' may have i;o’ be'

r c \ / i 0i.,ieri and o t h e r mechani sm f o r u n d e r t a k i n g p i l o t p r e j e r t s

may ha we to be euol v/ed, ,

( Paqe 1G2 ; Para 20 )

7fj* St ai . B/Uj K may c on s i d r r se1,t,,inq up o f ; a p e c i f i c

a q e n r y / c o r p o r n t i o n to t akn up p r n i e c t s sn t h a t n b i g

pr og rani me c o u l d bEi l o u n r h o d on c o mme r c i a l lev/cl and b e n e f i t

o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l financ^;■ o u n i U d ,

( 16? ; f'^^r3 2:5 )

F l o o d n o n t r o l ,

77, Brahmaputr - ' j Boar d may dpypl of ) y o r k i n g a r i n n g f mrmts

u i t h a hoc t o f a i j c n c i c s i n c l u d i n q gnv/crnmcnts of' hhe St,atf-/

IJTs i n t he r eg . ion, u h i c h are; d i r t - ' c t l y o r i n d i r c c t l y t o n n e -

c t c d Lij .th e i t h e r causes u h i c h I c o l Is to f l o o d s such as d c f o -

r e n t a t i n n , j humj ng f t r . o r u u r k i n connf n t i o n u i t . h f l o o d

c o n t r o l . ( Page ; Pcrr; )

78, I t shoLilrl he c . a r c f u l l y conal r i FJ i ed by conc;r ] nf d

R x p o r t s uht ^t her a Gr r.1f:n o f s t o r a g e r c s c r u a i r s on a l l maj o r

t r i b u t r i c 3 o f D i a 11 (n a p u t r can h f j b u i 11 p r i n i ci r i 1 y f o r f l o o d

morir rai.3 on, t h f i r f o r t b.u t i i* ,3 1 y g r n r r n t i o n or

i . i on b e i n g nn accomfjany i n g b e n e f i t s , , Ttic' imri l i c l i i n g of

Ruch .qtoragrj on t he pronen* 5 to e a r t h i.|ual<e: anr] t he

S t a n d a r d s and our n t h e c on c ept o f s a f e t y u h i c h under l i e t h e

d e s i g n nee d o f rf sh rra/ 1 eu i n sueh a r eas ,

(Mage 171 * Pera 3 )

79, f\!nu t e c hn o l o g i e n u i J l hav/c t,o be t voluerd f o r

t a k i n g up l .arqe acr^le a f fo r e st ni. io n prfngrammeo i n v e r y r ugged

t e r r n i n and i n e i ma t i f . n uf i cre J at i our i s scr.rec'^ ProFi ( i ncts

u F a o 1- i. H1 3 ri i n g n (■) r' f I t o I j r f u 11 y e x p I o i- o d ,( Paoe 1 7 ? ' Vr t b f] )

80, F l o o d u a T n i n n aycteoni may tio f u r t h e r s t , r e a mi i n e d bot l i

f o r Rrahmapi i i ra and Bar ak bB'vii^is. ^( l-’ -Tnt 1 7 J Para 7 )

B1. Tlie o t g a n i s a t i o n r f i s p o n s i h i e f^nr f i rov/idi ng i mmo-

d i a t a r e l i c r f s h o u l d hi; v/e B a i l y B r i d g e Span?.-, b o a t s , mo 1,01

i aunct i CB e t c . f o r q i i i ck acFi or i i nf st ead o f l of j ki no f o r sucti

e g u j p me n t s o+. l e s t mom( ni anri a l s o i t i e n t i f y ' ^ i , r nt eg i c p o i n t e

bot, h i n f l o o d c h r o f i i c area 8 as u e l ] ■■'g .1 (‘l i r i ' l ' r e a 3 from

u h e r f ‘ t he f l n o d f i g It t i n g and r e l i e f measur ua eo\eld be l a u n

ched , • '■ » ( I'-’gt 1 7 3 ; I ri-.-' ')

- 3B9t

- 3yn *

N i n e r a l p , onii H i n i n q :--- -- ___ _ M ^

LiniFisone, roa. l nnd cr-’ram.ir; rau i n a t B r i n l s r c i n s t i -

tut.B t h 0 main mi r i Gr ai r BGDur cGs and por G[ i Bct 1 \/g p ' l anni Dg ns

upi l l ns rnhdlum-Lfvrni p- lanninc] o f t h e . l r dovel opni ont i s n r c o - s a a I y .

( Ppqe ^77 ; Par a )

rc-y. i 'Mial i n s t i t u t i o n a l f r a mB u o r k qt i guJd bn d p u e -

lopt d t n t-nsui'R d p t a j l R d E ^ x p l o r o t i o n and i n o v i n g nF rpvsnnrdes

n f pr n r n j s i n g rni r i Bral d o p n s i l , s .

( Pagr; 170 * P-i ra r? )

Statf> Di rti 'cto r a t e s o f n. i ni nq may he deve. l oped and

81 1 eng t hene^ri to ensLirE- e a r l y c nmpl et . j on o f mi n t i r a l p r o s p e c t -

i n q and f r amj nt ) and e n f n m B m e n t oT r B g u l a t i n n r p q a r d i n g mi n o r m i n e r a l s .

( Page i v h ; Par a f, )

B5, A p r o r f j s s i f j n a l n rqa ni sat In n o r s i m i l a r Bti ' V' i r -0 B undex

an e x i s t i n g r o q i o n a l body may he dev/eloped f o r a d v i s i n g t he

S t a t e / U T s i n r e g a r d to f o r m u l a t d o n o f a r ea dex' el opment p l a n s

u h i c h n o u l d i n t e g r a t e e x p l o i t o l i n n o f m i n e r a l s u i t h o t h e r

ec onomi c a c t i v i t i e s r e q u i r r d i n t he a r e a .

( Page ]S0 ; Para ( f j )

J j i d_u s _ t j - s ;

The f oc us o f i n d u s t r i a l dev ' el opment s h o u l d be on

u p g r a d a t i o n n f t e c h n o l o g y , b e t t e r u t i l i . s a t i o n n f a s s e t s ,

p r o m o t i o n o f e f f i c i e n c y and r e mov al o f t he i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l

c o n s t r a i n t s e f f e c t i n g t he g r o u t h o f i n d u s t r y .

( Page ; Par a )

I n d u s t r i a l sur\/eys r n d t e c h n o - e c o n o m i c f e a s i b i l i t y

st udi E , s f o r s e m i - m e c h a n i s e d b r i c k s , r ;ement, e l e c t r o n i c s ,

pape;r cement s u b s t i t u t e s etc. and si . udy on s p e c i a l i n d u s t r i a l

c o s t i n r e s p r c h o f t h e s e prcispr ct i\/e I n d u s t r i e s s h o u l d be

u n d e r t a k e n , . ,( 1B>* ; Para ( )

6 8 . T p n ~ y e a r p e r s p e c t i v e - ( i l an fnt ' cement to r a i s e t h f

I n s t a l l e d c a p a c i t y to 3 . 2 m i l l i o n t o n n e s by 1990 s h o u l d be t a k E n .

( Page i8fi ; Para ( x i ) )

— 7391

R9, S i n q l B uindoi. ; s r r v i f . ; ! nq o f e n t r t ? p r 0nE:ur5 i s v i t a l

tcj q r n u t h n f i nr lu^t r j es i n fir arF-a l i k e Nn r t h l e s t uhp<re

e n t r e p r e n E : u r s hnuB to facG w p e c i o l . d i f I 1 cuJ h.lEs end h n n d i -

c ape, A c o n s D r t i u m n f a l l r o n c n r n e d or c i Bni e^ at i o ns / aq Gn c i es

may be fnnnt-.d i n fjacti S t a t e / d T so t h a t siJl the pr ob l ems o f

pnt' i ’- Bpr eneur s c o u l d bF t a r k l e d a t one r nr um,

( Page Par a ( v i u ) •

7H, A r t . q l o n a l i n d u s t i i Gs uorpci rat i . Gn may be r .stol i J i r b f d

to l;,akG up sui -h i n d u s t r i e s uheue rau mot . er i r i l s ar e f ound i n

nnr 5 t a t i ' / U T but t be usti o f t he 1 nrl p r o d u n t i .3 e s G G n t i a l l y

i n a n o t h e r S t a t B / U T o r i n t he oni ' , i ro r G q i o n r r euen o u t s i d B

t he r e q i o n . . , , , .( Paqc 187 ; Par a ( x v ) )

^j i aJ I S c a l e_ J ji d u s

91. A comj j r Lbonsi v/0 s u r v e y o f rcsourci : ! p o t t n t i a l o f t h o

reunion by a d o p t i n q modorn t n r h i i i qu t l i k e l andnfet i m a q e r i e s

and a c i u a ] Pi f i l i i s u r v e y s has to ijfj uni iej ’t^kef i tu p.rcparp,? a

df: pemdab ] Fj dat a base u h i c h I s t h r f i r s t pr c - r e qui s i t e f o r

f o r m u l a t i o n o f any p l a n f o r drn/B l.opmc nt o f SHI i n t he r e q i o n .

T he SB ssurveys may be s p o n s o r e d by ti ie Nff*

( Poqo 2n5 ; Par a ( j ) )

92, To i n e r e a s G t be 1g \/o ] o f p r o f i u c t i v i t y , s f u c i a J l . y i n

caso o f r u r a l and c o t t a q o i n d u s t r i e s , use o f a p p r o p r i a t e

t e c h n o l o n i e s may fie made on G u j a t o t model ,

( Pa GO 2 06 ; Cara ( i i i ) )

93. G rou t h - c e n t r f basf d apf i r oer b f o r devel opment o f SSJ

as auqq eet ed bv N a t i o n a l Commit hee on Dovcj l opmont o f F-tnck-

u a r d Ar eas s h o u l d be a d o p t e d . For d e v c J o p mr n t o f I n f r a s t r u

c t u r a l f a c i l i t , i 8 s , a p r o m o t i o n a l srTieme f o r a s el ec t , ed i ] ioi . j tb

c Fmt r f I i n each o f t he n o n - i n d u s t r y d i s t r i c t may bt t,akt.n up.

( I 'aqe 2 Of’ I P f i a ( u i i i )

94, f o r mo t . i v a i i o n and t r a i n i n o o f s ma l l c n t r e p r f n c u T a

r e q i o n a l i n s t i t u t e moro o r l e s s on idie l i n e s o f t^ir N a t i o n a l

I n ^ s t i t u t e o f [ nt r e p r e n o u r s h i p Sma l l B u s i n e s s Dc ve 1 opme'nt

may he s et uf!] i n c o l l a b o i ' a t i f i n ivi t tr t,h^ t x'i ^ t i nq o r q ^ n i sa t J ons

an(i t , h R t a t e . Corpo ra t i o n 6 . T h n mt\n a q 9 r i a 1, ourbc:s , i n s t ,ead

o f b e i n q o r j e n t f ' d o n l y t ouBr ds, s k i l l f o r m a t i n n e , as at prf.aeMit,

s h o u l d bo mf-.dL morr r e L f v / mt to ma r k e t i n r j t e r h n i q u p s and

pi oduci . r)ni1 pr ocRsj i o r l £ - n t e d . The sciieme s h n u l d tie f unded

j o i n t l y [iy I D B I , N a t i n n a . l J s p d Bonke, METTCO and NLC.

( Paqe 2117 ; pgr a ( i x )

A c o n s o r t i u m appr oac h f o r pr ocur cmBnt , amJ d i s t r i b u -

t J o n nf c r . i t l ca . l rau m a t e r i a l at t he r e q i o n a ] U\jg1 may ho

t : on81 dc l ed . The NFC mny c o n s j d c r c u n a t l t u t i n o a r n q i n n a l

body f or thl t . piurposo aqd aJ ap . '>harl .ng o - por t o f t\\B ex pe n

d i t u r e on ttic I m p l e m e n t a t l n n o f t he schieme. »», XI( Page J 0 7 . P o r a ( )

TF^duce f l n a n c i a J n t r o i n on t he U n i t s , a

si i f i si dy to the e x t e n t of ’ 25 p e r c e n t o f ttie an n u a l uaqe h i l l

may he pr nwi dBd f o r t he f l r ' ^ t fiv/e y e n r a .

(Paqt - - 3 ; Par a 'I

97. A R e g i o n a l T e s t i n q f:entrf nnd a p r o d u c t and p r o c e s s

drvyel opment c e n t r t s h o u l d bo set up i o i n t l y by DC (S S I ) and

NFC,

( PciQe 2(^9 ; Par a ( x x )

a d d i t i o n t o v/c,irioue> pr oqr ammes t a k e n up by v a r i o u s

a g e n c i e s l\lf C hna t a k e n s programme o f devt l opment o f 1000

e n t r e p r R n e u r e s e v e r y y e a r . The eni . rt p r e n e u r s ao t r a i n e d

u o u l d r e q u i r e p o s t t r a i n i n q a s s i s t a n c e o f t r a i n e d hands a t

v a r i o u s s t a g e s l i k e p r o j t c t f o r m u l a t i o n p l a n t i n s t a l l a t i o n ,

management , m a r k e t i n g e t t . A,t t h r r a t e o f 4 p e r s o n s per

r n t r e p r e n i u r , i t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t a n o t h e r 2 0 , 0nv0 p e r s o n n e l

u i l l be r e q u i r e d . ( p „ g c 2 1 0 ; Par a 31 )

-'5* i s o o n s i d e r e d d e s i r a b l e as u e J l as e s s e n t i a l to

m o t i v a t e t he a r t i s a n s / c r a f t s m a n t r a i n e d un d e r T R Y s m to

d n v e l o p s k i l l and to i mpr uv e t r a d e o f T RYS t H t r a i n e e s .

T h e r e f o r e , s h o r t e n t r e p r e n e u r i n i d e v e l o p mo n t progr amme f o r

tfie I RVSEn t r a i n e e s s h o u l d aJso be r o n s i d e r e r ! .

S e r i c u l t u r e . ^2 )

tflO. fuo l a r g e s i ^ e s i l k lm n v i n q u n i t s each w i t h ^^0-40

looms f o r p r o d u c t i o n o f s i l k matf r i a l form t he y a r n p r o d u c e d

l o c a l l y shoul d be s e t up. The . l o c a t i o n may be d e c i d e d on t he

b a s i s o f l o c a l p r o d u c t i o n 53 nd o t t i e r ec onomi c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s .

( Pan, 216 5 Par a ( j j j )

- 3 9 2 -

- 39:^ -

An i n t e q r a t e d HB Gl i n n -^nd T u l s t i n g u n i t u i t h

rriode.rn r e G l i n g fac; i 1 j . t j ejs capnhj.r^ a f p r o d u c i n q h i g h p r gr ade

n f s i l k u i i i i a c a p a c i t y nf u s i n g a b o u t 3 5 , DUG kgs o f rau

B i l k per annum s h o u i d he s et up.(PLHqe 217, f a r a i v )

1 0 2 , A r e q j n n a J s e e d cocoan m ar kE t complGX to c ^ t e r to tiie

need o f a l l the c o n s t i t u e n t u n i t s shoiilrl bi sr-i; up pt a

C e n t r a l locjatJon . i Page 2 1 7 ; Mara </ )

103* 0*3 or t uo v i l l a g e s i n a l l t h e s i l k p m d u c i r i Q n r o a s

o f the req.ion ij i iJi local, r e a r e r s stiould bf. a d op t e d a n d al l

n e c e s s a r y f a c i l i t i e s f o r p r o d u c t i n g o f eonoons f o r oeed be "

pro\/i ded to s e l e c t e d r c - n r e r s , .v *( Page z 1 7 , par a \/l )

104, A eom(ireh(Uisi\/e programme' c o v e r i n g v a i i o u s a s p e c t s

o f s o r i c u m u r e f r om p l a n t a t i o n to i / f a v i n g and n i a r t e t j n g at

r e g i o n a l lt.:Vt;l lias become e s s e n t i a l i n wieu o f t he f a c t t h a t

s e r i c u l t u r E ' , as a p r o f B s s i o n , i s m o s t l y c o n f i n e d to t he

uf pj kcr sr i ct . iane o f ti 'P ssnr: iety, TIu' O p t r a I. S i l k Hoar d

s h o u l d p l a y a more p o s i t i v e r o l e i n h tie d e v e l o p m r e t o f s e r i

c u l t u r e , e s p e c i a l l y m u g a - c u l t u r e i n t h i e r r g i n q . A l t e r n a t i v t l y

NFC s h o u l d s et up a R e g i d n a l C o r p o r a t i o n t o i mpl ement t hr

pr ogr amme,

( P a q e. 2 1 B ; P a i- a ^0 )

105, Oek T a s s a r fios p r os p f : c t s p a r t i c u l a r l y i n A r u n a d i a l

Pr ar i esh and H a n i p u r , The r f f r i n g syst em s h o u l d hr s t a b i l i s e d .

Tl ie C e n t r a l S i l k Floard s h o u l d t a k e a sctiemF, foj r e c s e r c h i n

i m p o r t a n t aspf c t s o f Oak t a s s a r p l a n t a t i o n , r f o i i n g , r e e l i n g

n i c * P a fi G! 2 1 4 ; P £ re v j 3 )

106, A r e g i o n a l programmfi f o r o r g a n i s i n g t r a i n i n g f o r the

p f r s o n n e 1 engaged i n t h i s s r c I: o r i n d i f f ’ e. r e n (;■ d i c. i. ( i l i_ n c s

i n s t a t e s may be t a k e n up so t h a t p r o p e r i L a d i r s h i p i s

c r e a t e d f o r f u t u r e g r o u t h o f the i n d u s t r y .

( Page 2 1 7 S f'<^ra ( ^j | )

T r a n s p o r t * :

107, Tht^ oper ai . i or i o f rot i d, r a i l , i, ia1er t r a n s p o r t ,

r o p e u o y s , h e l l c : o p t e r and v a y u d o o t Ber v i t ; eB s h o u l d hf g o

p l a n n e d \ h a t 1 h i t : i m i n g n f' i a ur n ( y ah the' a r r i v a 1 / d c-- rui r f- u r e

- 3H4 „

p o i n t s arc^ rg Donnrct.erJ t h a l a npt u o r k o f t r a n s p o r t n t , i n n

s y s h E ’ m i s drv/Fl nppd i n uhi t ; h r a i l / r n a d I r a n s p n r t may prnv/ldp

t he mai n nr t u o r k and c ompl nme nt a r y f f i c i J i t y ar n n f f B r n d

by o t t n r mode o f t r a n s p o rt a I'i on f n r tfie b e ne f i t , o f u a n r s .

( Pane 220 5 f^ara (3 )

Hi e . The r F - qui r Bmcmt o f r oads i n t h e NFR is g r e a t e r

t hen retst n f t he c o u n t r y as ttie r e q i n n haa to depend nn

t hr: r o a d s net i .mrk f o r the ma\/emfcnt o f yctadft and paast- inqers

u r t h i n t hr r e q i o n , A ma s t e r p l a n f o r Uif u h o J e r e q i n n may

be p i e p a r e d u i t h l n t h e f r ai neuor k n f u h i o h neij schemes c o u l d

tiB t a k e n up f o r n o n s i d e r a t r m and a a n c t i o n d e p e n d i n g on pr i ' M. ' i t . y anrj t he r n s o u r c e s ,

( Paqe 221 ; Par a (.j )

1h9, rhe S l a t e PUDs i n tl ie NER a r e s u f f r r i n q f r om l a c k

of ro,.,l makinri t qu.i pment. Mmr ly Gup„ly nf sunh marhinery

may be enaurf ' r ) .( P a g e 221 ? Por a q )

110. To d r r i v e f u l l b e n e f i t s f r om t h e r x n c n d i t u r e i n c u r r e d

on r oad c o n s t r u c t i o n , t he ma i n t c n a n c t o f e i x i s t i n q r oads

s h o u l d be done e f f i c i e n t l y , Tht mi ni mum r e q u i r e m e n t s o f

f und f u r ma i n t e n a n c e i n t h i s r e g i o n u i l l be Rs. 1 (1 , 000/ -

pe r annum per km f o r Bi nql t? l an n of s u r f a c e d r o ad s and

n e a r l y R?.1 2 , 00Q/~ pf^r annum pe r km f o r s i n g l e l a n e o f u n -

s u r f a c e d r o a d s . T h e s e may br c o n s i d e r e d u h i l e f D r m u l a t i n g p l a n / b u d g e t ,

( Ppqe 2 21 ; Para u i )

1 11. Due to d i f f i c u l t t e r r a i n o f t h i s r e g i o n , c o n a t r u c -

t i o n , impro\/ement and ma i n t e n a n c e o f t he r o a d s a r e q u i r e

d i f f i c u l t . f o n s i d e r i n q the p r e s e n t uiork l o a d u i s - a - u i s

t he p r e s e n t set up o f t he o r g a n i s a t i o n s , i t has been f e l t

d e s i r a b l e to expand anri s t r e n g t h e n t h e PUD o r g a n i e a t i one i n S-t -af-es/UTs.

( f’agc 2 2 2 5 1 1 )

1 1 2 , I o r ma i n t a j ni ng ■ t he road's e o n ' a t r u c t e d / i mp r o wed

I di rnuqh NEC P l a n i t i s n e c e s s a r y to e a r mar k s e p a r a t e f u n d s ,

J t may be n e c e s s a r y to f i n a n c e t he ma i n t e n a n c e o f sucl i r oads

o u t of t|-ie C e n t r a l Road f und t h r o u g h i ^l i ' ni stry n f S h i p p i n g

and T r a n s p o r t as i s b e i n g done i n t h e case n f t h e N a t i o n a lH i q h u a y s . ,

( Pane 2 z 2 . . j2, , •

1 1 :^, Tfte I u m d i n n - B a d n r p u r ( H i l . l ) g e n t j o n may l:n c o n t o r t e d

int.o brf j ad fjauqe imriip di at e 1 y o r u o r k aa fin ^ i l t G r n e t i v e

rnutft t akGn up i m n i G d i a t t l y .( Paqe 223 J Porr.i 15 )

114, T h f rGf'OOimrjndationo madB by th: U n r k i n q Grnufi bi- t

up by R e i l u e y REjfnrm Commi t t r f; may be j mpl emontt j d by d r a u i n q

an a c t i.an □ r i pn 1 1 e d p l a n .( Paqn 22 3 ; Pa i o 16 )

11b, Ttie s t u d y undnrtBi <Bn by T r a n s p i . u t R r s c a n . b Di u. i r . i Dn

f i n d s J u s t i f i a b l e snope- f o r a i naj nr t h r u s t nn I n l a n d U a t o r

T r a n s p o r t devytlaf]mEnt o f t b o riv/c-r Br a h ma p u t r a and ha\/G

p r n p n a e d an i n u a s t m F n t o f F'S.291 c r o n e s . A t^niall F x p e r t

Po mmi t t n e may be s e t up i n r t ; g i nn I 'or dp\/f; l o p mr n t o f l U T

and f r a mr aci . ual aclif:mr s f o r i mp l t i mB n t a t i o n Ijy C I U T C r^nd

Asvsam S t a t e l U T ,( P a q e 2 215 ; P a v a 16 )

1 1 fi, \l a y u f i D o t s h o u 1 I | u I f i 11 i t s r o 1 c, t) y t- x t, e n i.: i n q i. 1 8

s r r v y i c r s to a l a r q e r number n f d i s l i i c t , c or nmo r r i a i and

a d m i n i s t r a t i v e ti pad q u a i: t r s o f r f- m cj t £.= and i n e c n r ; i.; i b .1 a r e a e .

( Pooo 225 ; Par a 11' )

117, Thf> Stai . e and IJT f o \/t-jnmt-: nt s moy r j onsi df - r i n t r o d u c

t i o n o f h e l i n o p t e r sGrvyicee f o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f qo v/eirnmr n t ,

m e d i c a l and othe- r p e r s o n n e l and a l s o fni - p a s s a n q o r s e r v i c e ,

(Pacjf 225 ; Para 2G )

11'8, I t i s n f moet i m p o r t a n c e i n 6omt' o f t h o i n a c c r s s -

i b l t ’ and romotR a r e a s o f NER t h a t ropF. uaya f o r c a r r y i n g

f r o l q b t and Fjurn p a s a a n q n r s s h o u l d bo dou[ - l o rT&d.

( P a q G 2 2 f.) P a r a 2 1 )

119, A p p r o p r i a t e q u i d b l i n r s may ‘b o ' e\/o I.v/ed f o r av/oi di ng

o\/er l a p p i n g ami d u p l i c a t i o n i n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f goods ^nd

p a s a a n g e r s br ; t ucLn roai j and r a i l s e r v / i c r a .

( Paqe 226 ; Par a 22 )

C□ mpiuni cajL ion;

120, Po; - ; tal rrer' . . ' ices may be imp rout ' d and at r e n q t honed i n

t h e r o q i n n by pu^ ' t abl e s t r p - nqt heni nq and reo r q a n i t , a 1; l g n af

t h r p r e s e n t s t t up. , 7 )

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396 -

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tl in MF pF^qirin, ] t cnul t l tie a i n i n i , b r a i n i r i q f n c i l i t y t o r

b n t h post-a I and t ; e l e n r a p h s t a f f ' ,

(Pafie 2^ h » Para ( ^ )

^■’2* Thn SL'vypnUi P l a n [ i r o q r 8min& fn i; dLUr. lopmf-.nt o f

t ( ■ Ipcnmmun i c; ! i o n Jn I' he r e q i o n ^i hnul d aim at, pro\/. iding

ft lRphonej c o n n F c t i n n e p r a r t i c a J l y on demand I'jy 1907.

fPaqe 2 b 6 ; Par a ( k )

I n l e r i r a p h s P i u i c F s 5n tht r c q l o n s h o u l d he m o d f r -

ni BGd by UBi nq s t o r e s and t n r u a r d tBlE?nrarth ( s F T ) Sy st em.

( Pago 057 ; Par a )

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in a ] ] St ; : ; t(- ' s/l iTs o f thr. r t j g j o n by t h e t n d o f Hev/f-nth P l a n

f i x n Gn t i n q Aanam, u h i c t i may bc f u l l y r,av/ert;d i n t h e sut i s i ^quGnt

P i n n . ( P a g e - Pai ' a ( p )

F o r f i r t t f ’i Jonq dist;anc<. r u r a l i. R 1 ©“ Cornrnun I r B l i c n

a l l ovi r he ad L i n k s / t r u n k c i r c u i t s on- e a r l i e r c ' hannt l s h o u l d

be p i o q r R B s i u r i ] y r i p l ac t d by r a t i o * l i n k s ,( Pa g e 257 ; Par a ( i5 )

p e n t :

Of vel npmFni ; oF ni anpouer i n t h e p r i m a r y s e c t o r

s h o u l d be a c c c l e r a t e d by i n t r o d u c i n g ufuj c n u r s e s i n p r i m a r y

a r t i v / i i . i e s su( h as a q r i c u l t u r e , a n i m a l h u s b a n d r y , e c o l o g y and

Cl hum c u 1 1 i v/a t .1 o n , m i n i n g et c;. P r e s e n t tempo o f de\/elopment

o f i e c h n i c a J and h e a l t h manpouer s h o u l d be a c c e l e r a t e d .

( Page 2 80 ; Par a l i )

I t i s n e c e s s a r y to e s t ib l i s i i / s t n n q t h e n manpouei '

c e l l s i n S t a t e s / U T s so i h a t t he r e r | u i r e me n t o f manpower can

be e s t i m a t e d and p i o j e c i . e d f o r f o r m u l a t i n g manpouer de v ' e l op -

ment p l a n s and r nat chi nq them u i t h o v / e r a l l de \/e lo pme n ta 1 s t r a -

t e g i e s . D i r e c t manpouer p l a n o i n g and cmpl oymFfi t q e n r , r i : t i o n

ct; I I s may be s e t up f o r ar hi ev / i ng adequat .e c o o r d i n a t i o n and

I) p er a t. i o-n a 1 e f f i e 1 f; n c y , ......................................................( Page 280 ; Par a i )

128, Plore a u f n u e s f o r \ / oc at i onal t r a i n i n g o f uomen needt,G be opened up.

( Page 2FH ; Para y )

- 397

129, Einp.ln yrncnt. Hxnl iangGs may br- KxpHndetJ ond mndG.r“

ni sGfi f n r t,hp b&nE; Fj t o f t hp uGaki : r sect i or iFi and p h y s i c a l l y

h a n d l c a p p e d p e r s n n s ond ( ) rowi d. i nq c a r e G r r j u i d a n c r E^prui cGs,

( Pages 2 BI » Par a yyi )

1::5 0. Empl oyment f'xr.lianyBe; r i huul d t)E3 r c u i p c d u.1 t h

l a t ( - s i i n f n r m a t i n n nn f i n a n c i a l asni ot . anr t f'rnin h a n k s ,

a v a i l a b i l i t y o f rau nio te r i a .1 s , u a r l ‘ e . j t L s , mf-,chinr l y and

f . q u i p mp n i , m a r k e t i n g c h a n n n l s , t r a i n i n g F o c i l i t i n b f o r

s k i l l d e v e l o p mp n t a t e , f n r j 'Piidi r i ng B f f i r ; i c n t c. r c e r

g u i d a n c e and m a t i u a t i o n s e r v i c e s to t h e p e r s o n a i n t G r e a t e d

i n a e l f cmp. l Dympnt.( PagPG ; P- ra 14 )

1 :^1 , r dui : : at i nn and i i a i n i n g f a c i l i t i c b i n t If 'C t r n n i c s ,

T p l r c o mmu n i na bi nn F.ngim. c r i n g , Cfimfujtr r !’ c i e n c e , Fnnd

T e c h n n l o g y e t c . u i l l hnvF to lie a c c n r d c d p r i n i i t y a t

dipJ.oma J e v c l pingren. mcB of t he p o l y t e c h n i c s and ciegret

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C r a f t s m e n l e v e l , cf I f - e m p J o yment q & n c r a t i n g pr nq rsfni^eo

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Auto f l r c t r j cj ans f c ) Hen^ r a l f lBe-f, rc: i an ( d ) T\/ and Radi o

S e r v i c e mpc han i c ( p ) Gar ment m a n u f a c t u r i n g and ( f ) r e t r e a d i r i Q

o f t y r ( s e t c . may tie a c c o r d r d 0 1' i o r i t y ,

( 'Pf.o p ?7n ; Par a 17 )

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1 :52 , S t a t e s may d e v i s e u a y s and means i n t h e f or m d f

i n c c n t i v f ^ s , p r o v i s i o n o f q u a r t e r s and o t f i er a me n i l . i e r f o r

p o s t i n n doct . ors to r u r a l ar eas#

( P a q i 2GG : P--^ra 10 )

1 3 :3 , St , ates and p r i v a i e e n t e r p r i s e s may be e n c o u r a q c d

f o r d r u g nianuf a c t u i i n g .( P a g e 2 0 7 ? 12 )

^^A» T he p r e s e n t f ood L H h o r a t o r y o f tt ie e o v e r n mn n t o f

Assam may br upgrarl i d t y t he a u g m e n t a t i o n o f s t i i f f , e q u i p r

mont s and spacr- i . i i th f a c e i l i t i f n to i mp a r t t t ai. h i n q t^nd

p r a c t i c a l t r a i n i n g to ttie e t e f f sent, by o t h e r S t a t e r V d T s ,

( page 2B9 f Par, ! 17 )

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f a c . u i l ; t c s tu u n d e r t n k p P o s t G r a d u a t e T e a c h i n g I n Medical

n i i h i e c t s ( 1 1 ) By NfC s p o n s o i i n q I.he c nnr J l i i nt c a to t ht

p o s t n r a d u a t e I n s t J t u t o s w i t h i n Ihti c n u h t - y .

( Page 2911 ; Par n 16 )

' ' I '^rth E n s t e r n Ri q l o n , p r i m a T y h p o l t h l ,u b

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Mi ni mum NuBds ProqramrnK so t l i ai t h e r r may b r an i n t e q r a i . P d

r i r v r l o p m r n t o t h e a l t h and o hhPr F r c l l j t i „ h a v i n g b e a r i n g

on qeni r a l h e a l t h l i k e n u l . r i i i o n a l mKasur Gu, w a t e r s u p p l y

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p e r s o n s i n t h e h i l l a r e a s as a g a i n . t t h r e x r s t i n q nor ms o f

o nr n e n t r e f o r 3000 p o p u l a t i o n , i n v i ew o t t he d r f f l c u l tt e i r a l n ancJ sparsF-; po pii lat i o n , /

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p l a i n s a r r a s onr f u l l y e q u i p p e d PNC

s h o u l d be a u a i l a b l R at eacl i B l o r k h( a d q u a r t e r n wl i i c h b e s i d e s

p r o v i d i n g n o r ma l h e a l t h c n v e i a q e , s h o u l d a l s o s u p e r v i s e t he

w o r k o f a c l u ' . t e r o f 7 / b Sub-C> n t r e ! . ,( Page /9b ; Par a l i i )

ni s t r i c t ; Ho s pi ha I s/Di spe nsa r i e- s i n theS t a i e ' s / U r s o f t l ip r e n i n p s hni i l d ha\yc improwed f a c l l i t i f o

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i u a l Stai , e/[ In 1 on r e r r i h o r y ai i oul d f o r m u l - a t e s p e c i f i c

: c l i rmr a f o r dev. l o p i n g thf - sr f a c i l i t l t i s undei ' t h e S e v e n t hP l a n . , ...........................

29E ; Pa r a I v )

V*n. A schemF o f " B a r e Foot D o c t o r - ' s h o u l d be i n t r o -

■luced i n t he f a r f l u n g h i l l y a r r a s and o t h e r i n a c c r s s i h l e

a r . a s . The Phi t ta r a n j an H o b i l e H e a l t h U n i t model w h i c h i s

i n o p e r a t i f j r i i n H&K s h o u l d bo c o n s i d c r F d f o r a d a p t i o n u i t h

m o d i f i c a t i o n s , i f n e c E s s o r y , to s u i t l o c a l c o n d j t i o n o i n

t h i s r e g i o n . A n i m i L a r schGnic haw hFon e x p e r i m a n t G d i n

A r u n a c l i a l Pr a d e s h and i t s pe r f o r ma nc r . may ho r F w i R u e d ,

( Pnqt' 296 ; Para ^ )

141. I n o r d E T to rr:niouE t he s h o r t age. o f r l o c t o r e ,

ni i r sf ' S, AMHs and o t h e r pa ra-niE.dl c a l s t a f f , t h e o x i o t i n q

t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e n s h o u l d Ijf auqmE n t e d aubcHi antj a l 1 y . Tho

i n d i q p n o u a Dai Systoin nGc-;dB to ho s t r c n g t h o n e d by a r r a n g

i n g i . r a i n i n g l o c a J i y .( Page; 2 96 5 lâra v i )

14?, Spec. i al pi onr ammos o h o u I d tie ] .aunrhf/d f o r t he

c o n t r o l and r r a d i c a l i o n o f communi cal . i l r di se ases as u d I I as

d i s p a s o s u l i i c h he.wo h i g h i n c i d m c c i n t h e Hl maJ ay a n and

Sub- Hi iTi Bl rtyan r e g i o n such or-, n o i t r c end r-,:Li6t r n - i n t f . n t i naJ

d i o c a s c r . , Pagf ; 296 ; Par a \/j j )

143, I n v/ifû o f t h i s r e g i o n ’ s r i » c or d o f r e l a t i v / e l y

i g h i n f a nt mo i t a 1 i t y r a t £ a n r1 i n a cJ b rj ua t g p t' (, w t; n t i vo s 0 r v 1 n 0 s

lik.F; i m m u n i s a t i o n and d i s t r i b u t i (jn o f n u t r i t i o n s u p p L e mt n t s

( t c . , mass iirimun i s a h i o n pr ogr ammes c o w o r i n g B(Xi , Dl’T , P o J i o ,

He??sf. les anti T e t a n u s u a c c i n c s s h o u l d bc; Launched. At J e a s t

7B% o f 1:,hf t a r g e t g r o u p s h o u l d be c o we r c d un d e r t h e n u t r i t i o n

pr ogr ammoB as p a r t o f the; I HDS by t h r end o f t h t S e v e n t h Pl an.

( P ago 29'^ * f'ara )

1 4 4 , As enuisarjed by t h e N a t i o n a l Men It h ' l o 1 i c y , a

r e g i o n a l schi'me neetls to br formulatFni foi the estati l i stiment

o f a c h a i n o f s a n i t a r y~cum--epi demio] o g i r al s t B l i o n s to

i d e n t i f y , p.lan and p r o v i d e p r r v e n t i v e , promnti\/e and mental

t-icaJth c-rw s e r v i c F s ,

(PagF: 296 I I’ar a i x )

145, S i n c e t he NT. Rc' înn l e c ndoued h/H.h v a s t h e r b a l

j - ' csources and m e d i c i n a l p l a n t s , a l i rug m a n u f a c t u r i n g uni i : i n

I,ho p u b l i c seeti . i r s l m u l d be s e t up u i l h i n t b i r e g i o n . At

t he same t i m e , a meetianie,m f o r s u p p l y / d e l i v e r y o f fi ruoa i n ,

r emot e and i n a c L e s s i blf.i arefu, o f btie reci i on s h o u l d be d^vel opE d•’

(1 age 2 97 ; i ' sr a x )

- 399 -

A R( q l o n n l Drug C o n t r n l L a b o r a t o r y r - huul d be

St t u |3 i n t he r f ' c j i nnol u i t h a dr qua t o Tacj l i t i t s f o r ' oori ana I y R 13 ,

{ i-’nqr; 2 97 I P ^ra yj )

The g r n u t h r o t e o f p o p u l a t i o n Jn t l i f NF: nn. i l nn

i s munh abouo t he a l l Ttul ia g r o u t l i r a t e , n f a c t t f i at ujst-*

i f i E i S t a k B i n q Uf.) Hdrr^uatt^ P r r t i l l t : y r e d u c t i o n inra.surf-ts.

Mo t l v / n t i o n o f ( tie pBOpJe ediould f or m i hr c r u r i n l p a r t o f

t he FafTi i ly I J e l f ar t : I T o gramme.; and n r r angomont f f o r f r r u

G t r r I 1 i aa t i o n backed by i nr et i t i \/e measur es s h o u l d foriii t he

RSRGf t t l p l nompononhs o f a mar.aivyo d r i v y r . G r e a t e r ueu shoui

be mndn o f ’ A n o a n u a d i ’ u o r k e r s f o r e d u r a t l n q .

( P a g e 2 9 7 ; Para x i i )

Creflj t-dr 'pOGif r a t i o ie v/ery .lou i n t he r n q i n n .

fbe L ommG rci al Ranks vshould stf.p up t h e i r c r e d i h ant r \/1 1 i t s

in th.B K-iuion avui V r r n m e n t s s h o u l d p r o u i d e nece-^

s a a r y i nf ]’ast t uct u r a l f a c i l i t i e s to B a nk s nnd RROa . One

of t h e s t e p f o r i n t r n a s l n g c r e d i t ~ d e p o s i t r a t i o i s t o opera+.

d e p a r t m e n t a l a c t l w i t i e s on c o m m e r c i a l l i n e s by f l oa t ^ ' n g

vyarious S t a t e - r u n C o r p o r a t i o n s in t he r e g i o n , ufiich are

s t i l l r u n n i n g i t on d e p a r t m e n t a l lineL^ f i n a n c e d by budqetar ' ,

g r a n t .

( P age 3(12 ? P a r a 2 )

A i l the S t a t e / U T G o v e r n m e n t s s h o u l d p r e p a r e itev'e-■

lopmenta.l p l a n s ( l i k e IRDl ) f or e a c h b l o c k so t h a t the lea^T

b a nk s can p r e p a r e b a n k i n g p l a n s .

( I ' age 3 (lb ; Para 5 >

j Dr \j e 1 o pm t' n t ^ i n %

R a p i d m o d e r n i s a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r e and i ts: coinfnt r-

c i a l i s a t l o n In the val . ley l a n d s u i l l l e a d to a b s o r p t i o n o f

much l a r g e i fvufi'iber o f peoplt in ag 1 i cirlt ur al a c t i v i t y and

-stop thf n f e d ' t o m i g r a t e to' u rba n p r e a .

( Page 3 1 8 ; P ar a c )

15 • "f he w e l f a r e f a c i l i t i e s l i k e d r i n k i n g u /a te r , houei r

m e d i c a r e e t c , u / i l l h av e to be e x p e n d e d in rapjidly groii'ing

ur b a n ar p a a on a h i g h p r i o r i t y b a s i s .

( P n g e 3']^) 5 par a )

1 !i2 , N a j o r t o u n B and c i t i F . G s h o u l d \\q \jl a c t i v e ^

HouBinc) c; OQperat i wc-)s u h i c h sf i oul d p i o v i d E - h o u s i n g f o r a l l

c ] a 8sG8 o f Ur ban du f e l l e r s .( Pnqe 3 1 « ; Para 2t, )

11j 3, The ( i h y s l c a l and pBycho 1 o q i u a l f o e l i n g n f i s n l a -

t i o n o f t he r e g i o n u i t h thf- reBi . o f t he c o u n t r y s h o u l d be

remov/ed b o t h a t m i g r a l i o n depends on economic: n e cebs s i t i e-e

r a t h e r t han on any o t h e r f a c t o r ,

( n < le 215 ; PoT3 26 )

15^U The danger o f arnal l t r i b a l communi t i br b r e a k i n g

up by c o n t a c t u i t h o u t s i d e f o r c e s i s r e a l and not f e n c i e d .

The U o r k i n q H r o u p , hher ef or t : , recommends t h a t t he syst em

o f h a v i n q a cenj jUs ev/cry y e nr i n n p c c i f i s i d nr eaa o f t he

M o r t h - E n s t s h o u l d be adopt ed as an ur of . nt and p r i o r i t y

me a s u r e . fhe Wo r k i n g Gr o up f u r t h e r reeomnir nds t h a t t he

f o r m a t o f t he census s h o u l d be d e u i s f d u i t h a uimu to

b r i n g o u t a l l t he r o l i w a n t dat e r e g a r d i n g s o c i a l , ec onomi c

and c u l t u r a l a s p e c t s o f t he r : hanqi ng pro f i l e o f t he commu-

n i t i r s and t r i b e s r e s i d i n g i n such s p e c i f i e d a r e a .

(Pagt. 321 » par a 2 7 )

IGti . The N o r t h f a a t has 55 ma j o r t r i l j e s and numr- rous

claOvS and s u b - t r i b e B « T h e r e i s a g r o a t da n g e r o f per manent

J.osB and e x t i n c t i o n o f a r i c h ami i i r e p l a c : e a b 1 e s t o r e - h o use

o f cu 1 1 ur e . T he 1 e;;^s t t h a t can be done i n to fJress i n t o

s e r v i c e s modern t e c h n o l o g i e s f o r r e c o r d i n g as aui . t ient 1 c a ] 1 y

as p o s s i b l e by means o f aud i o~v / i s ual d o c u m e n t a t i o n o f t h i s

r i c h t r i b a l c u l t u r t . l l i f e , )%

156. Hnij o ut o f ewer y 2 C1 p r i m a r y s r t i o o l s s h o u l d be

d e v e l o p e d aa a model s c h o o l u i t h s p e c i a l Bmphasi B on t e a c h i n g

o f S c i e n c e and i'la t he mat i c a , I n eardi n^odel s c h o a l therP'

8 1 lo LI 1 d t) u a l i b r a r y an l1 a boo k b an k •

( page ; Par a )

- 401 -

157. Uafitaqc-! pr rct nt ac)£■ ' i huyl t l tie' l erlune^d by at

l e a s t ](]%, rhn pf:rt: rntacii;^ o f t i a i n i 5 d t t;ai;hfc!rs ( a t prinuu."

fn.idr.)lf nnd hi gt i at h n o l I f j v c l s ) e h n u l d lif: ra. i sBd lay irt

1.0H3 t Bfj% liy the r.nd o f thB Sr vr : nhh P l a n . H i d - d n y PiQalB

(’rnqramriiG may be.! .1 mpl f ' fnentrd ci s a riieariB to chec k thtj

t B n d B n c y t o u a r d a d r np - o ut . f

(I'gnc 32fl .!.n,8rn |u ' )

151:1, T he i epct ' i f j rB’ t r a i n i n g i n . s t l t u t G I n t h e Gt i tGs

s h o u l d bn sl r pngt hi ^ned, ThB n d ml ni s t r a t i u n appar at u : "

f n i m o n i t o r j n g and s upRi v y i a i nq t t a c h i n y syatafri n t a d s t n bf

it r f^ngthi i ned so as to rnducE] obai T i t c e i am among t B a r l i ' f r s

s n r u i n i ] and pr owi d B houai ng ac r ommodat i on t.o t e a c h o e

sf . , ruing i n t h n i n t p i r i n r ar t ; a8 ,

{ t^ane 329 ; f a r a v i )

1 - 9 . f i x i s t i n g ar r angt - ment ^ f o r v o c a t i o n a l and i . Hch-

n i c - . l t i r i i n i n t ) s h o u l d hi, n t n g t h t m e d and more' s t i i d e n t a

s h o u l d bFi g pananr Bd t o r t r a i n i n g i n t h o s e 1 i e l d r . u h i c h

TSb'e s p Rc i f’i c a l l y r e g u i r e d in t h i s r e g i o n . Besi dc^s, mort’

ijomt n s h o u l d be gi\/en v o c a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n e n a b l i n g them

to un df i r t ak e g a i n f u l economi c a c t i v i t i e s .

( Page 329 ; Par a v i i )

C_i v i 1 _ 3jjj£^lj^, I

I f ’O, I n vit^u o f t he absence o f r a i l u a y s i n many

p a r t s o f t he N o r t h E a s t e r n R e g i o n , the Out Agency syst em as

recommEnded by t he Wo r k i n g G r o u p st: t up by t h e R a i l u a y

R f f o r ms Commi t t ee s h o u l d be made o p e r a t i v e ,

( Page 337 ; Par a i i )i

1 t-VI. T h e p u b l i c d i s t r i l i u t i o n s y s t em s h o u l d be u n i

f o r m l y a t h r e e - t i e r one - ape'^ body at t he S t a t e I c ' e l ,

u h n l e s a l e o r g a n i s a t i o n ah ‘-|ie D i s t r i c t l e v e l and t h -

r e t a i l o u t l e t s » T he e n t i r e s + r u i t u r e s h o u l d f u n c t i o n i n

an i n t e g i . a t e d manner as a s i n g l e c h a i n o f d i s t r i b u t i o n ,

( MagB ■ ; Par a )

1b2, Tn t he r emot e t r i b a J . a r e a s , t he PDS s h o u l d not

o n l y a i r a n g e s u p p l y o f e s s e n t i a l consumfi r goods b u t a l s o

a l l q t h e r requi re^mer ' i tsof t hf l o c a l p e o p l e l i k e i n p u t s and

- 4 02 -

a l s o t r y to p r o u i d e m a r k e t i n g s u p p o r t f o r t h e l o c a l p r o d u c t s

( p a g e 338 ; Par a y )

163. T h e f a i r p r i c e shops i n t h e i n t e . r i o r a r e a s o f

t h e r e g i o n have to m a i n t a i n s t o c k s o f e s s e n t i a l commodi

t i e s fo r . c o m p a r a t i v e l y l o n g e r d u r a t i o n . T h i s r e s u l t s i n

b l o c k i n g o f c a n i t a l f o r l o n g e r p e r i o d . B e s i d e s , i n v/ieu

o f t h e s p a r s e n e s s o f p o p u l a t i o n t h e number o f c a r d h o l d e r s

f o r each FPS b e i n g l o u t h e f a i r p r i c e shops ar e n o t v i a b l e .

T h e r e f o r e , t h e f a i r p r i c e shops i n the-/sc a r ea s h o u l d be

g i u e n f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t by u a y o f i n t e r e s t s u b s i d y , mana

g e r i a l s u b s i d y e t c .( P a g e 3 3 8 ; Par a v i )

164. S i n c e l a c k o f a d e q u a t e s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s poses

m a j o r h u r d l e i n t h e p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e p u b l i c d i s

t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m, s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y i n s i d e t h e r e g i o n s h o u l d

be a u g me n t e d .( Page 339 ; Par a v i i i )

165. S t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s i n t h e r u r a l a r e a s s h o u l d be

s u f f i c i e n t l y i m p r o v e d u h i c h u i l l n o t o n l y e n s u r e a v a i l a

b i l i t y o f e s s e n t i a l c o m m o d i t i e s b u t u o u l d a l s o r e d u c e l e s s

d u r i n g s t o r a o e . , _ ^ ^ \^ ( Page ; Par a i x )

>1 -

S c i e n c e and T e c h n o l o g y ;

166. T he NERCST may e s t a b l i s h c l o s e l i n k a g e u i t h t he

v a r i o u s r e s e a r c h l a b o r a t o r i e s and a c a d e mi c i n s t i t u t i o n s i n

NER and f u n c t i o n as t h e f o c a l p o i n t f o r g e n e r a t i n g S c i e n c e

and T e c h n o l o g y manpouer r e q u i r e d f o r t h e o v e f - a l l d e v e l o p

m e n t a l need o f t he r e g i o n as a u h o l e .

( Page 344 ; Par a i )

167. A c l o s e c o o r d i n a t i o n u i t h s p e c i a l i s e d g o v e r n me n t

d e p a r t m e n t s such as D ST , ONES, DD'E, I CAR, CSI R e t c . may be

e v o l v e d f o r s e t t i n g up mode e x p e r i m e n t s / d e m o n s t s a t i c n p r o -

; } e c t s i n i m p o r t a n t a r e a s .

( Page 344 ; Par a i i )

168. To a s s e s s t h e u e a l t h and p o t e n t i a l o f n a t u r a l

r e s o u r c e s o f t h e NER, t h e NEC S e c r e t a r i a t may e s t a b l i s h a

- 403 -

c o n s o r t i u m o f s u r v e y o r g a n i s a t i o n s .

( Page 344 ; Par a ( i y )

169, S c i e n c c s POuseum/Centres may be e s t a b l i s h e d j.r.

each c o n s t i t u e n t u n i t to dev/elop a basi . s c u l t u r e among t he

e d u c a t e d f ^ n p l e a b o u t moder n s c i e n c e and t e c h n o l o g y , , u e v e -

l o p me n t and f a m i l i a r i s a t i o n a t a l l l e v e l s w i t h t h e b a s i o

s c i e n t i f i c t h o u g h t s t h r o u g h a u d i o - v i s u a l met hods and

d i r e c t o b s e r v a t i o n m e t h o d .

( Page 345 ; Par a ( v i '/

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f P l a n _ and P r o^r ammes :

170, K e e p i n g i n v i c u t h a t t he p r e s e n t da t a c o l l e c . L i o n

m a c h i n e r y i s v e r y u e a k i n r e g i o n , t h e U o r k i n g ' G r o u p rGcommencli;

( a ) t he e x i s t i n g s e t up o f N a t i o n a l Sampl e G u r v e y may be s t r e n g t h e n e d i n t he r e g i o n so t h . b t h e S o c i o - e c o n o m i c da t a r e q u i r e d f o r p l a n f o r m u l a - t i o n can be c o l l e c t e d on a s y s t e m a t i c and r e g u l a r manner and made a v a i l a b l e t o ’ t h e S t a t e s / UTs on t i m e . .

( b ) t h e e x i s t i n g P l a n n i n g and E v a l u a t i o n set-*i 'p i n ' t h e S t a t e s / U T s may be s t r e n g t h e n e d t o e n a b l ei t t o t a k e on t h e t a s k e x p e c t e d o f i t moice e f f i c i e n t l y ,

( c ) a u e l l - t h o u g h t o u t pr ogr amme o f t r a i n g i n g t h e . p e r s o n n e l i n v o l v e d i n such t a s k on a per manent b a s i s may be e v o l v e d and i m p l e me n t e d a t t h e r e g i o n a l l e v e l f o r u h i c h NEC may t a k e t h ^ i n i t i a t i v e .

* - 404 -

( Page 353 ; Para*

171, F o r c o - o r d i n a t i o n a t v a r i o u s l e v e l s as a l s o f o r

m o n i t o r i n g o f a c t u a l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a l l C e n t r a l S e c t o r and

C e n t r a l l y s p o n s o r e d schemes i n t h i s r e g i o n , ' t he r e g i o n a l o f f j r

o f PEG ( P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n ) s h o u l d have a s e p a r a t e c e i l i n

u h i c h b e s i d e s , r e o r e s e n t a t i v e s o f concernetd M i n i s t r i e s of;

G o v e r n me n t o f I n d i a , t h e D i r e c t o r (E(?tM ) , NEC s h o u l d a.''so be

a s s o c i a t e d . ’ U h a t e v e r d i r e c t i o n / c o m m e n t s t h a t t h e r e q u i r e d

to be c ommuni c a t ed t o t h e i m p l e m e n t i n g a g e n c i e s o f t h e s e

pr ogr ammes s h o u l d be s e n t by t h e P l a n n i n g C o mmi s s i o n d i r e c t l y

u i t h e n d o r s e me n t to t h e C o u n c i l S e c r e t a r i a t . B e s i d e s , a

p e r i o d i c a l r e v i e u may be q u a r t e r l y on h a l f - y e a r l y o f t h e s e

pr ogr ammes s h o u l d be u n d e r t a k e n i n u h i c h b e s i d e s , ' P l a n n i n g

f5:)iiTTTiission _ and t h e c o n c e r n e d C e n t r a l M i n i s t r i e s , r e p r e - s e n -

t a t i u e a of t h e S t a t e Gowpr nment s and n f tl ie NtC S n n r e t a r i a t

may bf3 o s s o c i a t R d , T h r s e rr\yir; ij mG e t j n g s fshould bt? h e l d

i n t h e C n n e t i t U f ; n t U n i t s n f N o r t h E a s t e r n R t q i o n ' byr o t a t i o n . ,

( Paqe 354 Par a i )

2 , I n r e g a i’d t n t. h t N [ C f' j, a n s c‘: h rj ri i e b , t h r b s h g i i I d

bo Rf i g j o n a l I.o u g I Ro w i b u Comnil t t e e , c o n G t l t u t e d u i t h

r upr pGt n ta I;1 uf's op t l i e S t a t o IjO vytirnifiFnt s/UT ndmi n i s t i a t i o n s y

hBsded by t hu P l a n n i n g Advyi sor , NEC. The l o c a l h r a d s of

c o n n e r n e d C e n t r a l Go v e r n i n r n t G r g a n i sa t i on s l i k e I CAR, CSI R

A l l I n d i a I n s t i t u t o o f n e d i u a l S c i o n c o s , CRnt . r el S i l k Hoar d,

CUC o t c . s h o u l d a l s o be a s s o n i a t e d u i t h the propoBf, d Commi t t Be

( Page 354 ; I ' ara 11 )

^'^3. U h a t i s most i m p o r t a n t i n t he m a t t e r o f c o o r d i n a

t i o n and ef f or : t i v/e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i s t h a t , t he S t a t e s / U T h

ha \/e to ha\/e a m a c h i n e r y at d i f f e r e n t lt;;\/e I s ab 1. tie S t a t e

UT l e\/el . D i s t r i c t I t v/ei and R l o e k l e v e l , Ttie rniunu a U i u n

o f t h e s e b o d i e s u o u l d l a r g e ] y be a m a t t e r f o r t h e S t a t e

Co vyernmenta/(JT Admi n i s t r a t i o n s .

( page 3F.4 - Par e i i i )

174, The P l a n n i n g Commi ssi on mi gt i t l i k e to d e u i s u .rr'^n:,

m a c h i n e r y i.o e n s u r e ad eq u a t e dc v el opmef i t o f a l l t h e r e g i o n a

and c o mmu n i t i e s afid t r i b e s . The i j o r k i n g SroLi p, t l i e r e f o r e ,

recommends t h a t a Sf j e e i a l R e p o r t iriay he pi epar ed on t^le

s t a t u s o f dewelopmF n t o f such un dei — d( \/hj1o ped aree'D o r

c o m mu n i t i e s o r t r i b e s from t i me to t i m e .

( Page 35!.> ; par a B )

R e g a r d i n g p e r s o n n e l p o l i c i e s f o r t he N o r t l ’i Ca&t ur n

r e g i o n , t h e C r o u p u o u l d Li ke to me n t i o n t l i at ( i ) t h o r e c o -

mmt n d a t i o n s a c c e p t e d ar e not s u f f i c i f n t to a t t r a c t h i g h e r

l e v e l p e r s o n n e l f r om v a r i o u s c o r n e r s o f t he e o u n h r y ( i i )

S e r v i c e e o n d i t i o n a o f S c i t n t i f i i ; and b E c h n i c a l p f ' r s o n n e l

u»hn may not fiave a l l I n d i a t r a n r j f e r l i a b i l i b y needs i mmedl Mt e

a t t . e n t i o n e and ( i i i ) T h r s e r v i c e e o n d i t i o n a o f t r i b a l pe o p l e

who go o u t s i d e thf r e g i o n may have to be r e v i e w e d to enai i l t

b e l t e r i n t e r a c t i o n and m o b i l i b y .

( P a g e 3 5 h ; P a r a 1b )

- 4 05' -

NO,PC(P) 1 /7 /1 /N EC /83- M LP

P lan n in g Cominlssion (MLP D iv is io n )

- ^ 0 6 - Annexure -I

Bui

Yojana Bhavan ,Sanaad Marg,New D e lh i- 11 0 0 0 i .

Dated the 11th O c t o b e r , '83

OiiTICii, MEMOfiiiNDUM

Working Group on the Deveiopnient of North tiastern

the Seventh F ive Year P la n ^ l9^ § ^90 ,

been decided to set vip a W(-rhing C5roup f^r iortnulation o f a p roach , stB«tegy and p r io r it ie s for the devd- iopinent. of the North £*astern' Region during the Seventh Five

Year Plan 198 5-90* The aornpoaltlrn of the W^ricing G n .ip w H i be as follows j-

(1) Shrj. P .H .T r i v e d i , Secretary ,

Morth Eastern C ouncit , S h i l lo n g ,

(2) Bntt*P .P .T r l v e d i ,

H h ie f Se cre ta iy ,G o v t ,o f Meghalaya, oliillong^

(3) Dr ,Bhupender S ingh A d vieer(SP )

I'lanning (Commission, New D e l h i .

(4) D r .V ir e n d r a Kumar,

Consult mt (H il l Areas) P lanning Commission, New D e l h i .

Chairman

Mejfibei ,

( * ) Dr .B *D *S^iQrma,

V ic e C han cello r , Ki SHU S h i l lo n g .

(6) D r .B .N .T a n d o n ,

Head o f the Department A l l India In s t it u t e ol

Medical "Jciences, New D e lh i ,

(7) Sliri D ,B ,G h o s h ,

D y .D ir e c t o r Genera]

Geological Survey of In d ia , North Eastern K e g io n , S h il lo n g - 793003 ,

(R) 'h innrnSf-^ht itivo of lU n is t iy

'ut A g r icultu re

(9 ) J\ re 7>ros<^nt 1 1ivo ut M in .o f

C i v i l 3u T)lir’S

(1 0 ) r(^'pr(^sont,itivr of Dnptt ,

of ■^.ducati n .

(1 1 ) A rr'prnsr- nt tvlvn~of Tlin .of

Sh ip p in g & trdnsm ^rt .

(12 ) h rr^oroSf ntativ^' j>fM4in.of

Ccjmmunicn tion

( 1 3 ) ' roprr>S''^ntatiVO of Mjn.f^f ■ i

industry

(1 4 ) A roproS'^nta 1 1 vn of Min ♦of

Infonn'it i.nn & Bro^jidcnating.

(15 ) A rnprr sontitlvo of Min .o f

Comm'" r CO

(16 ) A r^pros-ntativo of M in .o f

Kur'Tl DoV'-'lorinont

(X7) A roprosrntr'tivo of L ^ p t t .

of Powor

( iR ) rnprosr^ntat ivr' of D e p tt .

c f Ir r ig -it-ion.

(19 ) reproaontat ivr= uf Min .o f

V/orka and Housing .

i 20 j h reprosf^n tat ivr= of Min .o f

Financo •

( 2i ) A roprpsont ■;\t iv? of R<3l lway

Boa rd

(2 2 ) C h iof S<-'crpt.'ryvi»Bsam

(2 3 ) C h io f Socrr'tf^ry,Manlpui

(2 4 ) C h io f Socrotnry .N ag \land

(2 5 ) Chlnf 6 n cr t a r y /rr in u ra

(2 6 ) Ch ir f Socrnt r y ,A ru nac \ la 1 Pra rio p h

(2 7 ) Clii^'f Socrr't iry,Mizoram

(^ 8 ) S hrl L .C .J a i nUtK'US tr ial r ovoloyari^nt Sei v lro

1-1, Ka nchnn j-5 ngaiB^Barakhatimba Hoad/Wow L-eliii,

■ -^-10 7-

Mombor

'' V

(2 9 ) Shrl l .r .a i p l :a , Kocrotary

Jo ilit SncT tary

M i 111 s t ry c# I ^ 1 r /Now ijr-]hl.

2 , The Group may cn—o})t any of-':lcial oi nt n-oi f ic ia l

as n d d it i jnai mom hr'r,

•j, 'i'oims of rof'-'I'oticn of ttir Oroup ujill Ijt- as fol Jowfii-

t) To T'^^vlf^w t,hn tin-Qolnq prnyi a imos <-f tlr' Contral

Plan , l^r c . iM a n a nd s t i t:n/UT PI a n s nd ni n] )c In t thr s[ii^r1Fnc;m,i nqs / lanunan r^tc.in thr sn proqra~

ntmoG,

j i )To work out a ptratrgy fru" th< acnoloratod

dovo I oiTTiont uf ttm i^q i ' n durinc/ tho SovonthPivo Y^'ar Plan p ^ x h 'd consistent v;Jth r-cologica

3ociu-cu ltur<il arui r thf^r spool a] rcbnditlons of

th'' roqion ,

111) To sugqrat d o fln ito proqrammr^a in thr .Idontifl-

od soctorf! of ' 1ovolL,prrinnt.

Iv ) To sugqost coordinatof .ind o ffootlvo impioinon- ta t h m of pJ.a ns nd proqrammf' b •

4 , Ttio t^lanniag Coroml^^v^lon la January A cc-ny-tituto('' tho following iour Working Groups on the North ’ astern Koc)ii)n, Tho pr- S 'nt w^^rking Group should tako Into considora-t i^n tho r<^c;'mmondat ii 7ns of thf :-'o Working Groups whilo makingt h<' i'r rocommondat i ons •

l ) Workinq Grttup on Porsc'nnol P o lic y ,

2.) Workinq Group on liogal Systom..

3\ V^tarklng Group on Cfxnmunity P a r t ic ip a t io n ,

4) VJorklnq Group r n Sunpl io£i ..s^'rvic'^s and Works,

5 , TA/I>» of o f f i c i a l m^-fnbora of tho Group w i l l bo

paid by tho it rosr^nctiv^^ M inistrlos /ro )artm onts ,T /V 'T A of nc^n—

o f f i c i a l m^ml^orr vdio w i l l h'- o n t it l^ d to draw TA/DA at ratos adniiFis ibl'-' to qrade -I o f f ic e r s of tho Contral Govornmont

w i l l b'- o id by th^ Pla nn ing Comm is s 1 on ,

- r >

Tho gr up moy flnalisr' its rr*jx>j't within sixmonths.

~ ^ \ o 9 -

ScV-

( K,c/^gai-wal )

LiroGtor (Adm inistration).,

To

1« The Chairtn^n of tlie Wtbrking Grouj3 .

2 , A l l moml>^rs c f thn Working Group.

3 , Accuuhts-i Branch, Planning Corrtnission,

4 , pay and A c c .un to O ffic o r^P la n n in g Commitsj

5 , I ,F J\ ,C o i l / 1* J a n n i ng Comm is a 1 on .

6 . P .C *Livis ion, x-lanning Coirimlasion*

Copy forwardod Cor infonnation to i-

1 . Dr I ju ty c ha i rrria n

2 • rs

3* Sf^crotary

Sc3/--

( K .C .Agarwal )I.j rpctor(Aflminlstrati (bn)

NO .x’c (r )i/7/itsRc/n3-MLrOov -rnmr nt c f.Plann Ing Curran Is b ion

YoJc,ina B h a v ,S a n s a c i Marq, Now Vf llil .llOOOi ,

l a t p j .t h e 13 J u l y ,1 9 R 4 ,

OFl' IO^ NrilOKANJ UM

* - 11 0 - nnr xu ro»~l

Sub jrct 1 Working Group on th» J r vnlcjnnrnt of Horth

Tâstorn I 'gion during S'-'Vrnth FJvr Yâr Plan 1 9R5-"9n,

In Cf)ntlnuat:j ut this Off ico. O.iM.ot e /r n

numi-iGr Jc^trcl ll-ii>~i9Rj intim ating thn conat i tut if^n of the

above rnonti nrd Wr^ricjng Groupît his (Ir'cl'Ird to nominato

Hhrj I< .Vasudovan , Jo in t Socr^ tary (ifR ) ,M1 n istry of He rne

A f fa ir s ,N o w j.rlhiâs M^mbrr-Secr'-t^^ry of tho Working Group

in ‘>l<'ce of S h r i l .v\Gupta ,w h has tikr-n ov^r charg - -as

Chl-^f Serr- tary^G-vernmont of Tripura w . e . f . 3 1 .4 . 1 9 R 4 , S h r i

I ,r .Qrpta w ill continue to Iv? the member of tho nif’:'rking Group,

T r.Vjr'-^ndra Klimai- who has slnro rel inqî i??he<l

chirgo If? ro nsultint (Hi 13 A r''as ) , riann Ing Commission w i l l

ccntinuo non- official membr^r f'lf the W rking Group,

S d / - K ,C .A gnrwa 1

I iroctor (iidmin is trat ii n )

To

1 . The CIk irmar/Moinlrers of thf' Working G ra in .

2 . Acct'-untp I 1-r inch, I’Jann j ng Comm is s ion ,

U pay Sc Accounts Of f icet , p lanning Commission*4 . IFA Cel 1, i lanning CommissiL.n,5« P .C .i. ivis 1 :n, ira,anni ng Comniss i* n •

Copy for inf jrmati^n to i-

i * Sliri K«Vc;isudovan/Joint Secret jry (InIE),Min is tty o f Homo A ^f■ljxs, Now bollii,

?.• S h r i I . * ’ .a jp t a ,C h io f Socr^ tciry,G('v< rnrn^nt of Tri pu r>i//^grirtail.a ,

5cV^~ (K 4C .Aga rwa 1)

:-irector<Administiâtion)

NO . I 'FCP/XI1- 2 /8 3 NORTH -RASTRPN COUNCIL .‘SKCf^FTARlA'l’

SIIILLONO

I/r .lB th J u l y ,1 9 R 4 ,

OFFICT- IXPMORANDUM

In Gontdinuation of Planninq Corimissl )n* s O.M jJo.

P C (P ) /7 /1 /^ '^C /93- M L P d t , l l . l O , R 3 r*^g''2rding constitution of

Working Group on Dovolor^inont of N .K ,P ^ g i r n during th*^

•Pi, "la/lt has bop'Ti dncidf^d by tho Chairman to coopt followi ng

as iri'-'mbrrB of this ccanmittoo :

! • Dr .D .N .B o r t h ik u r , M'^mbr-rD1 roctor ,ICAR Rosfncirch

Cnmplf^x fur NT H i l l R eg io n ,Sliillong ,

2 , Dr.2>.C .Bor-i^Vico C hanco llo r ,

/\ssam Mgric?ulturo U n iv o rslty ,J o r h a t ,

In a td lt io n D r*B ,C *PoddoriDo- ^ty Dir<^ctor Oon'-rsil

G S I ,S h l l l c n g also inclucj<=d as member in this Corrmittoo in

placo of r:r .B . Ghosh, Do j-xity L ir n cto r Gonoral,C3BI who has pagsed

av;ay in a road acc id o nt ,

Scy-^ P M . T r iv o d i

So crrtary ,North ■Rastnrn C ouncil S o c t t , ,

copy to I- S h i l lo n g .

i * Thr Chairman o f tho Working Group.2» A l l Momljors of tho Committpf*.

3* Accounte-I B ranch ,P lanning Corrmlssion.4 , Pay Si Accounts O f f ic p r ,P l a n n i n g Comminsiot',

5 . IFA Cf^ll ,Planning Commission,

6* PC D iv is io n , Plann j ng ComminBif:)n.

- 11--Anneaure -j:

S cV -(Pr a tap Na ra in )

L) ii Gotor (K&M )North Kastorn Council Soctt.,,.

Shillong

_ I 2, — Atine-xuro~X

NO .iC (P ) i / 7 / 1/I'EQ^^ 3-MLPGoVf-'rnmf'nt of Tndia

PI a n n 1 n« ] Ci imm i.9 n ion

Yojcina fiha-Man

1‘a r 1 i a nr n t S t rn r t:

Now Dr-'lhl*

Da tod th(^ 25th inu<ary/ 1 9HB

IT

OP' F 1 Cr, m MQKA N£ UM

It h-;s Ix^on doc if loci tc oxtr>nd the i-r'rm of the Woikiriq Group on thf- J nvr'lojxnont of North Kast ' rn H o g i m

dur incj thn Bovonth Fiv*^ Year '1 u i , 1 9R5-90/snt up vido this Oflicr' O .M . of nunibor dated thr 11th Octbh)nr/1983 uptothe end of Fobruai-y,! 9 R 5 ,

S <4/- (K ,C .A ga rwa i )

ijlrector(Adrrttnilis trati o n )

To i ) Ti'ici Chairman of; the Working Group

i l ) A l l the Momb^ra of the Working Croup,

Copy to

1 , C h ie f Socr<^tarief^ of the Statr^s/Union T e r r it ^ r ie p of Nr)rtli ■ .af^torn R eg io n .

2* S h r i R a ja m a n i ,Jo in t S^'cr'^tary,

Fromo M in ist e r ’ s O ff ic e /N o w D e l h i ,

3* S hr i Prem K\imar,^^ddltional r .ecD 'tary /

Cabinet Sncr^t i r ia t , Now l :o ih i ,

4* S p e c ia l Secr-^tary (n ^:)/

M inistry of Home A f fa ir s /N o w D o ih i ,

5 , SA tc Do p ity Chairman,

.’lannlrtig Corrrnission,

Now DV^lhi*

1 >3 ~

6* to a ll Mr'inbr'rs of tho*^lanning Ct^mmisa Io n ,New ],>r'lhi.

7 , Sr>crotary^

Planning Commission,Mp w I /p lh i ,

8 , Pay and Accounts O f f ic o ,

Planning Commission,Np w B o lh i ,

9 , Accounts I Branchy

I'^lanning Commission,New Trslhj ,

1 0 , Adm lnlatration r Branch, i^lanning Commission,New L p l h l ,

1 1 . i\C ,r ivia ion.Planning Commission,Nnw E o l h i ,

( K ,C .A g a r w a l ) Dirr-ctor (/‘‘dniin istration )

^ m - />nti0xuro -II

NO ,i c ( H V 7 /

i-Uwinning Gtominisait')n

(MLi^ j. ivis Ion )

Y( ‘ J n n r 1 B ha v a n , S t a n s a rl M ■ i rg /

N o w j n 1 h 1 - 1 1 O O O l *

t h o NoVfûQbr^r 2n ,iyR3#

»Fi'"JC^ MrMOr-ivNJ lJM

Tho V/orki ng Grc'ip r n thr ’ ^ vnlc''prnr’nt nt Nnrth

■p st'^rn F - qirn ‘luring .s^V'-'nth Fivr^ Yonr ^Man 19R5~90s ’t up v ld ^ r’l'inning CommisRi' n O .H . N o ,i ’C (r ) l / 7 / i / N ’ G /

11 Octob nr /i9pJ utK thr- ChnInncinshlp of

S hri t’ .H .Tri'/odi/Srcrr»ti.iry,North Maat^^rn Cixinci.1/Shll long

in its f irn t m'^'ni.ing hold on l 9 , l l , i 9 R 3 at Now l o l h i has

crmGtit.ut,o . 1 i sub*-Gr .up on *'Lind u t l l j s tjun ' ipcj i^>ctivit jrs in thr- North st '* , Tho ChciirrTian iTf this iûT)~Group vôuld bo Shr f R , k .Ahu jf.i /iClriiof Socr<'t'r^rî runacha 1

P ra d o s h /Ita n a g a r , Th*-’ oth' r rn'-'mbors of i:ho Sul>-Grcûp arr^ ; —

(1 ) S h r i I , (^p t 1 Joi nt Spcr^tary (NH)^

Minifstry of Homo A f la ir s /N o w l e l h i ,

(2) S hr i Harbins S in g h /A g ricu ltu ro Coinmissionor,

L'O'ptt.of /vgriculturo & Cc-o»)c^ratioU/

M inistry of Agriculturo^N'^w . .o lh i ,

( 3 ) Shri K.:'.Monon^jt r in r ip a l Socrot iry (l ov)^

G o v t . n f Ma i i • iu r Iinpha 1 .

(4 ) Lr .VLrondra K Um ar/ConsuItant(Hill A r o a s ) /

p lanning Gommissic.n^Now l.^lhi*

( 5 ) S h r i I / . B , G h o a h / D y • r i r o c t o r ( G o n o r a l ) ,

• o o l r . ) g i c a l S u r w ^ y o f I n d i a , N o r t h ^ l a s t o m

R o c j i o n ^ S h i l l o n g ~ 7 9 3 0 0 3 ,

(6 ) S h r i S . ^ ’ .V is h n o l /J o in t SF«cr<*tary (iRi

M in istry of Kural lovoloixnont,Krishi

Bh van^Now I h i .

■( 7 ) S h r i R .Rama s v t ' m y , M^mb^r ( ) ,CVJC ,

(n ) Ronr^^sontnt.ivo of Comm'vrco,

(9 ) NRC /idvisî (A(fi ieulturo )-Cc nvonor.

a2 • Tho Sui)~Group may co-opt any o f f i c i a l or non-o f f i c i a l -'9 %dditit nal m'^rnboj;.

3# Thn tf-nns of rr^formco to tho Sub-Group w i l l bn

as follows

( i ) To study thr* e x is t in g Lanî u t i l i s a t io n pattorn wi.th special to ccmmunity ownr>j ship

of J and , s h i ft inc7 c u lt iv a t io n ind othor a s ’>-cts rolf^vant to thp dpvolofTmr'nt of a g r ic u ltu re and allip>d a c t i v it i o s and ecolo^gy and pnvironrri'-nt

knpping in vir^w thp Kocio-Gconomic and cu ltu ral c haractn ristics of thn p opulation ;and

( l i )T o suggost su it ibln s tr a t n g in s /a c t io n p la r ^ for dpvplojompnt of agricu I t u r p , horticu] turril

and economic p lantations forostry^socia li.oroe- try , pasturo land ,an im al husbandryy bo- - ing

and othor programmes for tircjmoting !iuman w?f l- faro and (^ctological rpstroration on an int:ogra-

tnd Watorshnd management b asis in the liortt ■ r:ast.

- ^ I -

4 .

paid by thTA/IVi of o f f i c i a l momly-'rs of the Group w i l l l)o

, , tihîr resDoctive M in istr ie g /D e p a rtm e n ts . TA/TA ofnon-officia} memlx^rs who w il l b^. ontitl->d to draw TA/rv» at rates admiPslblp to Gra(ô~x offic-^rs of the Central

Grw^-rnment w il l br paid b y the P lanning Cnrrmjsslon*

The Group may f in a l is e its r'^’ ort w ithin 4 months.

To

,Scy~(N .L .Menn«)

I>enuty Adviser(NT^C) *

Im Thir. Chairman and M^mbr>rp e f the Sub-Group,

2* Accounts I Branch,I’ laiminlng (Commi9slon.

3 , Psy & Accounts O f f l e e r , Planning Commission,

4 , I .P .C e l l ,P l a n n in g Commission,

P .C .n iv is io n ,P l a n n in g CommisBlon*

Copy to j-

1 . The Chiairman of th-'' Working Group,

2 . Thr' m'^mbors of the W orking Greirii,

ixnnnxure ” XI

NO .PC (kO 1 /1 /i/hr,C/'^ J-HLP

iv la n n in g Cornmi5islon

( MLP r I v i s i o n )

! 1Yc J in:, lihiwu'i,S inead M irg ,

Nrw J r ]h l ~ 1 1 0 0 0 U

J ntnd ttir IJovr'mbf^r 2 n , i 9 R 3 ,

OF F lo^. m mru\i r-uM

Th^ V'JijrKing Grnuo on th- r.nvn.lopnr^nt of North

F.cistrrn l:r- gicn 'lurinq tho S-^v^ni.h Fivo Y nr x^Jnn 19Rf>«90

sot up vi(Jn r ianning CoiTtni5:i5lon O ,M .No*?C (p )i/7/l/rNn'i:c/R3‘-ML:P/

d itn d LI Or*tohr r / i9R3 undor th^ Chairm nshlp of Shrt P , H »

TriVf^di/Sr-cr-^ t.ary, Worth ■^-istnrn Ccunc’il S h i l lo n g in Its f ir s t

mnr'tlng h^ l(J m 1 9 ,1 1 ♦19B3 it N< w 1-r'lhi h3G constttutod a

Sub-Or(.iUn on " Incustryy Handloan -md S o r i culturo in the North

T^riBt The Ch'3lrrn ;n of tfiifi Snb-Grr)up would br. S h r i I.J.toagKumoff

Chiîf Sot::r't-:^ry^,NTgalnnd. Tho oth^- r momb 'iR of tho Sub-Groux^

a re > •**

( I ) S h r i L .C .J a in ^ In d u s t r ia l P-ev. lojinont Sor-

V tceS/1~1 ,K<' nchan jiing< ■ 18 ,Bara khasib'i, N .D ^ l h i ,

( 2) S h r i I . ( " X i /J o in t Srcr-'tary ) /M in istry

of Hi mo ivffairs /N^w r .olhi,

(^ ) S h r i S . K .Chakrn b o rt i^ ld ro c to r /n o p tt ,o f

Industry ,U dyog Bhavan,Nnw I ^ l h i »

(4 ) Shri A ,K ,Nai ayan ,r y.v'^r'cr'-^tciry ( i P J i M i n i s

try of Rural Povolo^m ^nt ,KrishL Bhavan^

Nnw l o l h i .

(5 ) Rnprf-'Sontat ivo of Comrnn' ce

(6 ) Managing Jdroctor/NRHTFC

(7 ) Managing r irectorÎ\TITCO

(R) R'^Dres-'ntativr^ of Ik Board,

( 9 ) S h r i J .r .ChatPirvodi,Joint /u3visnr ,P lanning

Cornmise ion. New L o lh i»

(1 0 ) iôputy S'-^cr tary,NT?C Convenor,

The Sub-Group may cc—opt any o f f i c i a l or non-o f f i c i a l as a.:iditional mr'inbnr.

Trrms of R of ‘ rrnc<^

( i ) To study tho p m s o n t st'itus o f th«= industry ,

handlooni/handicraft and spricultur*^ and id e n t ify tho various co n stra intsjand

( i i ) To sugg ^-ftt now str^?togy and nrogramm.os for

dovplo ’tpmont of th^so soctors in th'^ r'^crion*

of o f f i c i a l mr-mb^rs o f tho Group w i l l bn

paid by t h ^ ir rr.spectivp Ministrins/Eopartm ortts . T A / 1jA cf non—o f f i c i a l iMomb^rs who w i l l bo o n tit lo d to draw TA/Lî at ratos adm issible to Grade—I off:.ce-Ts ôf the C entra l Gov<^rn— ment w i l l do paid by tho l?lanning Corrimission.

Group may f i n a l i s e its report w ith in 4 months

s 4 /~ N .L .Meena

• r>eputy A d v i s e r , (N ,C .)

To

Copy to

! • The Chairman and Mombors o: the Sub-Group

2. Accounts-I BranchyPlanning Canm ission .

3 . Pay Sc Accounts O f f ic o r ,P l a n n in g Commission

4 . ILFL/i .C ell ,.P lanning Commission.

?-îvision,Planning Commission.

1 . Tho Chairman of the Working Group

2. T h o mombîs of t h o Working Group,

— 'g - Annoxuro- II

NO .I'C(P')l/7/iAKC/R3-^MLP P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n

( i M L i - D i v i s i o n )

• • • • •

Yojana Shavan/SQnsad Marg,Now D e l h i —1 lOOOi «

i;atoc3 the Novornbnr 2B/19R3*

OFF ICP. UM

T h o V ^ o r k i n g G r o u p , o n t h o I ' o v o l o p n n ^ b t o f N o r t h

T ; a s t < ^ r n R ^ ^ g i o n d u r i n g t h e S e v o n t h F i v e Y o a r . . ^ l a n 1 9 8 5 - 9 0

s o t u p v i d o P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n O c M . N O . i C ( ? ) 1 / 7 / 1 / N ip^ C / 8 3 - .

M L P / d a t < ^ d 1 1 O c t o o ^ r 1 9 8 3 u n d o r t h o ' C h a i n m i n s h i p o f 3 h r i

P , H . T r i v o d i / S o c r o t a r y ^ N o r t h T ^ a s t - ^ r n C o u n c i l y S h i l i o n g i n

i t s f i r s t m r > ' - ' t i n g h r ^ l d o n 1 9 , 1 1 * 1 9 8 3 a t N e w L e l h i h a s

c o n s t i t u t e d a S u b - G r o u p o n ^ I n f r a s t n a a t u r o i n t h o N o r t h -

v . a s t " . T h e C h a i r m a n o f t h i s S u b - G r o u p w o u l d b o S h r i

R a m o s h C h a n d r a , C h i e f S e c r e t a r y , A s s a m , T h e o t h o r m e m . b - r s

o f t h e S u b - G r o u p a r ^ a s u n d ^ r : -

(1 ) Shri I . P . Gupta-, Joint Secretary (I 'Jn ),

Ministry of Homo ^^ffairs,New T.elhic

( 2 ) r r . B . b . S h a r m a . V i c o c h a n c o l l c r ^ I J ’ I i U , S h i l l o n g .

(3) Shri A ,K .B isw as ,Jo int Director .Cor’x^rate Planning (Cp),Railway Board,Nr>w I eihio ''

(4 ) Chief Sr»crotary,Mizoramo

is) Ropr^s^nt'itivo, Ministry o f sHiDpi ng and

Transport,N^xv H'^lni,

( 6 ) S h r i S . N . S i n h a , S e e r / - t a r ^ r , P o s t s S c T e l e g r a p h s

B o a r d , M i n i s t r y o f C o m i n u n i c c t i o n s . - N ^ w L o l h i .

(7) Shri A jay Prasad,Iiirector^Ministry of Infor- • mac.icn & Broadcasting/Roam N o *552 ,F ifth Floor, Shastri Bhavan,Now Delhi,,

( 8 ) S h r i T . G , S h a n d a r a n , D y o A d v i s e r , C P H - . K O , M i n i s t r y

o f W o r k s H o u s i n g , N i r m r ^ n B h a v a n , N < ^ > / D e l h i .

( 9 ) S h r i H . C . X a c h h w a h a , i : o p t t . o f P o w e r , N e w D e l h i ,

(10) Ropresentotivo, Ministry of C iv il Supplye

(11) Represent? t ivo ,Leptt «of ,C .W .C ,

(12) Representative/L'f^pttlofN .C .C .F .

(1 3 ) S h r i C .Vaswani,NP,C A dviser (T&n)- Convenoro

2 . The Sub-Group may co-opt any o ff ic ia l or non

o f f ic ia l as additional member.

3 • Tnnna pjl Kri-nr<^na'^ :

(

(1 ) To study tho e x is t in g bottl^nocks in the dnvolo ’TTir nt of In fraR trnctural fa c iX it ir s such as nowor, tranfjnort ^commun icat ions,

storago « t c ; and

( i i ) T o suggf^st stra- tog^ /action plans forinfrBstiuctuif-' df'vr.]oinnir nt for accplr^r'ating

tlic paco of dr'voIo|jn«nt in tho north-^astorn

r n g io n •

4 • TA/li'i of o f f i c i a l m*''mixers of tho Group w i l l be

pa id by t ho ir ro s d o c 1 1 vo M in i s t r .1 r r) •. rtinort o • TA/i:A of

non- official mombors who w i l l Itp ^ n t it ln d to draw TA/1>a

at ratos adrnissiblo to Gradn-I o f f ic o r s of tho Central

Govornnv'nts w i l l br vjaid by, tho P lanning Cornmissifjn •

5« Tho Group may f in a l is e ii-e roDort w ith in 4 months •

Sd /-

(U ,I< .M '^na )Do ’.-Ai ty A (Jv 1 s o r ( N^C )

To

-Jl .Tho die iim^3n and mombors of tho Tub-Croup*

2,/iCcounts-I Branch, P lanning Commifinicn*

3*i^ay & Accounts ofJ icor/4.-lanning Commissioa.

4 .x .F Collyi^lanning Commission.

5 * j.\C. X.' iv is ion , PI an n ing Comm is s ion *

1 . Tho Chairman of tho [forking Group,

2 . The Membe rs of thr Working Group.

Copy to 1 -

MO . 1C ( ? ) i/7/l/N^^C/R3«^MI*> vn n i ng r.ormi is a icjn

( MLP I ivitdjun }

’ -Vo*

Yu inn - Bl .avcin.-SanSrui Hrirg.ikA-i r.rvi hi-/. IO(>ni .

t a trui thf: NoVr41l}«' ' 9r'“ ,.

Thn vVorking (5r .jp on ttie D-->vn..fji)rii'?tit of: N' .rbh

Kastorr Rr>i7i(3n during th-"- S^»7« 'nth Fivc-} i’lcin .1.511 Lv .9 ;

sot up viun Planni ng? Ccrmnlssit>n O J1 JIu..PC(L V l /7 /l /7 f :C /b :-5 r4LP

datr d 11 Ortobni ^19R3 unr''^^r tho chf irmansiil;:) of Bhri V’„H,

Tr ivndi ,Sf^crr't-.iry, Nort}i Tânv-.orn Cor nr; IL, •..' h.j. L.lonc; in iii'st

m^r>ting hold on 19,. JOti^P. >'nt Nov,’ • ;-oi.hi his 'C( nr’ tntr’c’ a

su 1>-Groi 1 p rsn ” cl a 1_ % ~ ^ y _ i o " _ i »} , ti!}C1 19..-' '

Ch-iinnan of t.h-' Sub--Grr'up wou.id b '■ S'lrl, S ,PwrU-. ‘n\' f. u i, Chlr- f

Sr■.crota i.' » /rr i.ptiia Tho oth^r 3 a rn

(1) Shri I ,.v’,'TaptB ,Join t Sr cV'otcir;- ,..M inistry o:i; Homo .'-f Ta ir s,

(2) I r ,R 4 . >lvuiTin ,vic- nhanc ]Jor,i.S h i l l one i„

13) I,r,B .N .Tandon^Ho^-! of t-h- rr ctnv-r'cA l l India , innt of Moalc^*' >n.L-ncoG.

Ne^ iolhir.

( 4 ) S h r l b , N » S i nlia , S o c r ' t a r y ^ ToJo. . .

gra::>h9 Bc-a rd M'-'\.’ l-r Lh 1 .,

(5 ) S hr i T .GoShaiik/irati, ;..y ,i\dvisrM i n i s try . of V/orks &. I 'o\ ia ' n g M irna a Lh a v a n,

Nov; j> o lh i *

( 6 ) S h r i A i y a g a r i V ,U ao , P r in c ijx L .'>c:^-'nLij:i.:Ôf f l c ' - r „ o f RcioiK’o f. Touhiiol.'gy/ Tr^chnology Bhavan/N^^w Matii-'aiii i, Fio^d /

Nr w rvllii,

(7) 'shri B.Satyarn^Joint Sr-arotary ( 'Îg)..Mln„of ■F’dncation* ____ _don'/-^no; ,*

2 , Tho Sulv-Group may co-opt. any r)f£icia.!. o.. ncn-

o f f i c i a l as addltlonril mr^niborn

— L) -

3 , Terms of R'^f^rnnco

( i ) To study thepresp'nt status o f s o c ia l s^rvicos

v i z , ,r^ducation^h<^alth,drinking v;at<^r sup ply , m aternity and c h ild health carf^,family plan

ning and othor so cial in frastructure liko

manpower dov«^lonnent o t c . ; and

( i i ) T o suggest strat<=gi'>s/prcgramm^s s u it in g thp

local conditions for dnvoiopm'->nt or minimum

le-Spl of s o c ia l sorvic^s in th^ North-Kast.

TA/D/i of o f f i c i a l m^mbors of thf^ Group w i l l b- paid

by their respective Ministri<^^s/rrpartir,(3ints • SYi/D/'i o f non-

o f f i c i a l m^mb-^rs who w i l l b* e n t it le d to draw TA/TA at ra'-os

adm issible to Grad^^-I o f f ic e r s of th^ C entral 'Government w i l l

be paid by the Planning Com mission. . >

Group may f i n a l i s e its report w ith in 4 months.

— 40^2) -

S d / - N .L .^fenna,

lie.'^uty Adviser (ivT^C).

Tof

Copy to

1 . The Chairman and Mem.bers of the Sub-Group,

2. Accounts-I Branch/Tlanning Commission.

3 . Pay & Accounts Off-icer,Planning Commissiono

4 . I .F .A .Cell ,P lanning Commission.

5 . ? .C .D ivision ,Planning Commission,

y

1* The Chairman of the Working Group.

2* The memtx JTs of the Working Group*

NO .PC ( ) l /7 /l /N r C /8 3 - M L ?

^v^v^rnm<^nt of India

^^lanning Commission

( Unit )

• • • • •

Yojana B havan , Parliament Stroot

New r;.'^lhi~l l o o o l ,

August 8 , 1 9 R 4 ,

Subj<^ct : Sub-Group on lopm^nt of S o c ia l Sory?icp.s

in tho North T a s t ,

In continuation of this Office Momorandum of ev-n

numbr^r dat^^^d 1 1 th Octobr-r,19R3 co n st itu t in g th^ above

Sub-Group, it has b'-m decided that S h r i I Gupta, C h ie f

S<^cr'^tary,Tr ipurc' w i l l r<^placp S h r i S ,R .Shanliaram as

Chairman and S h r i K . R .Eobnath,i?rojoct Econom ist , North

■p.ast'- rn C ouncil w i l l roplacp S h r i S .S a ty a n as convonor of

the Sub-Group.

S d / “ N.L.r^Poriti■ Deputy A d v is o r (N n C ) •

To

1 , Chariman and .M^mb^rs of the Sub-Group,

2 , Accounts I B ran ch ,P lan n in g Commission.

3 , ]?^y and Accounts O f f ic e r ,P l a n n in g Commission,

4 , I .F .C e l l ,P l a n n in g Commission,

5 , Plan Coordination I 'i v is io n ,P la n n in g Commission.

Cony to

1 , Thp C h a t m a n o f th^ Working Group.

2 , tThp M^mb^r of the Working Group*

- H I -

3

Nation:’! ,«v.io».

' ‘ ‘ _________ -

ANNrxuRr.-iii

L IST .iF a»CKGRijUrn; i-Vu 'K FOU WOl^KIUG GROUP

ON STR/^TFOrnS FOR r'KW'l.Ox-ff'MT or N .KTH T"/iS'I’’1RN

IvT 'GIuN i.URiNG T^fR Si^VTNTH FV^TT, YPiiI< FLu'iN.

C O N T K W

/v , . ’A.TrrS B Y U .T v .C . OFFICERS

1 , ^^apor

2 . .\grlculLur^'

5. S ii if 1.1 ng Cu 11 1 va t i n

4 , Horticulture

5« / V n j ma 1 } lu s b a n d ry

6 . Fish'^ry

7 . ForpHtry

B . I r i ig a t io n

‘9 , Fit . >j Cont.rol

iO* ’ovior

1 1 . Small Scalo Inilustrlr's

12. Scrlculturc

13 . Indus trios fu Mining

14 . Transport & Crmrnunicati :n

1‘5 * Ma n r ] vn 1 o- jn n t

1 6 , Banking Facilitir^cj

1 7 . H^'alth

i R , Rnvironmont

1 9 . U rtenisation

2 0 . Rf^nowabl^ sources of ■^n '^rqy.

21 Sciriicc & T^chnolog\r

2 2 . Na tu r a 1 H a z a rd Rn du c t i l n

^‘ri-jgratnrne

23 , M ^r icu ltura l S t a t je t i c s

for N ,'n ,Rf >gii n •

T S

Shrl N . ‘.rinwani

I .r .Ranbir S in g n .

S h r 1 S . J a go n no t ha n

S h r i s .Sen Choudliury ,

D r , B .N .K a K o t i .

O r . B .N ,K a k o t i .

S h r i lia 1 thanzama .

Shi'i K .H .C^hci.

S h r i K , B .Q i h a ,

Shri 1 .K .T ^ b *

Shx'i T . * ’.Khound.

S h r i T .K .D o w a n .

S h r i S .K .R a y Choudhury.

S h r i C .V a s w a n i ,

Shri T . R .l a s

S h r i S .M .r h a r k a r .

I 'r .O , Lyngdoh.

S h r i Iia 1 1 han2 ama ,

?ihi:i N .P .N a w u n i .

. . . S h r i iv .Ohoahray .

S h r i Indra Mohan.

. . . Shri ndra Mohan.

B , PAP]g:RS

A . ru na G ha 1 Pra d»^s h ,

2 , Assam .

3 , Mani^xir.

e . g i 'm k s

1 , Forost & Tribals- The Chipka Approach-

S h r i S u n d ^r la l Bahugunti.^

2* Conservation uf Timbor in Du 11 ding and

Housing Construction for Pre3 (^.rvatlon,

Denudation of fo rests in H i l l y region -

National B u ild in g Organisation,

3* Integrated T r ib a l Dovelopri'^nt Strategy

for the North r;a8 tr>rn H i l l Region-

D r .P .S ,Uamakrishna,N.T? ,h ,U . ..

S h i l l o n g ,

4 , A g r ic u lt u r a l Dovnlo{:m^-'nt in North K ast ^rn

R'^gl n of India - nr.."'.C.Bora^Vioo Chancf'lloiAgaam Agriculturaj iJnivers] y,

rovelopm^nt o f D r in k in g W at^r Supply in

trho N.T^.Rogion *- S h r i A .K ,S e n G upta ,Asstt*

Advicinr <PHP).

Background Notn on I n d i a ’ s Foreign Tradf^-

\ S hri M ,Sainpangi,roputy Ts con iDlGAdvis<^r,Min istry of C jnm«^rc-■'»

, Double Pot method for r r in k in g Wator Chloronination --

D r .J .G .P h i r a ^ L .H .S Arunachal Prad'-^sh.

\>\\\

-•orjjono -

L. UTHF.ns (C-ncluuat)''.

G. 5tral-t!gy for Of lo pmcnt af Irr iq p tlun 3n UTP

dur inq 1/1 T Plcin - Hackqiound [jop'or for -J5 sraisniTn In

hhe UnrkJnq Hrnup -Shri R .P , Shah, CF (P A l ) ,CU C*

9* Df vr lopnirnt nf AqrJ nulturfii in NF,R - Di . D .N ,

FHarthakur, D irectnr , ICAR Resf'arr'h nrmiplrx , Shj 1 Inpg •

10 , Proposed objoct.ji/r far 7th Fiuc Yenr Plan (1 PRFi-9‘D)

for Telt commun 1 cat inns rrlrritinn to |h»»!R*

11, nnckqroimd papor on IRDP, MRfCP, Rural Landless Empy.

GuMrent^it Proqramnie end De\/0 lnpmF'nt of in f rasti unture

f a c i l i t i e s in NE'R «Shri A .K , Ahujpi, Dy, S P c y ,(T R D ) .

12 , f\lnte on desiqn of dj.stribuiinn syet&fn for a Block

( j oons.'i^^st^n^] ,of ^mall lend huldinqs - Shri R ,B , Shah,

C .F . (P« I ) , CUC,

1 3 , ‘ flrrnintry Education in NER - S^iri pVkJ Patnai^k,_ Clt,

Se cy , , n /Fd & culture.

- 425 -

working group - national institute of educational

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