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I 4, 1961

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W. A. CARTER, Governor- President

W. P. Lebi k, Lieutenant Governor

Will Arev! Information Officer

JiHk .fi-te-l.

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly At Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, Canal Zone

N. D. Chkistensen, Press Officer

Joseph Connor, Publications Editor

Editorial Assistants:

Eunice Richard and Tom Bittel

William Burns, Official Photographer

On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers, Retail Stores, and The Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at 5 cent! each.

Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each.

1 money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Editorial offices are located in the Administration Building, Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Joiner on Jirdt Canal Vrandit

A PARTIAL TRANSIT through the Canal was made last month

by Gov. W. A. Carter and Lt. Gov. W. P. Leber aboard the Orient

Line's new 40,000-ton passenger liner Oriana. The ship was making

her first trip through the Canal as part of her maiden voyage

around the world. The cover photograph pictures the Governor

and Lieutenant Governor high atop the ship, with the Governor's

flag and the pilot's flags whipping in the breeze behind them.

One of the largest passenger ships to transit the waterway since

the old German liner Bremen established the record in 1939, the

Oriana arrived at Ralboa from the west coast of the United States

and tied up overnight in Balboa. She made the northbound transit

the following day and then spent the night in Cristobal before

proceeding to Great Britain.

A great-great-grandson of an Admiral who fought with Admiral

Nelson at Trafalgar is in command of the new ship. Capt. Clifford

Edgecombe, R.D., R.N.R., a former H.M.S. Worcester naval cadet

who joined the Orient Line in 1934, played host to the Governor

and his party aboard the ship. British Ambassador G. E. Vaughan

also was a guest of Captain Edgecombe for the transit. The

Captain, like his ancestor, Adm. Sir Charles Bletsoe, also has seen

wartime duty. He served with the British Navy during World

War II. returning; to the Orient Line after the war and being made

a captain in 1955.

In This Issue

Maintaining the Waterway 3

Stepping Out 5

Mr. Health Bureau 6

Pied Piper With a Trombone 7

Julv in the Canal Zone S

Jay Bee's in Port—It's Lobster Time. . 10

From Sea Rover to Wall Decoration 11

Copper for World's Industries 12

Cable Splicing Made Easy 14

Safetv Pavs—In More Ways Than One 15

Hospital Rates, Insurance Coverage Com-pared 16

Canal History 17

Retirements 17

Anniversaries 18

Pr< (motions and Transfers 19

Worth Knowing 20

Modern Civic Center Planned 21

Shipping Statistics 22

Shipping 24_

2 August 4, 1961

"y yiitfrfWiu 4i tai oi te

Lights aglow as night settles over Garun Lake, the Canal's big suction dredge pursues the task of removing high spots in the channel.

Maintaining the WaterwaySuction dredge Mindi vacuums floor of Canal's

channels, scouring away depth-reducing high spots.

To keep the dredge operating 16 hours a day, workmen repair pipeline during darkness. A VESSEL which has no motive power

of its own but has to be shoved from one

place to another by a tug if it is moving

very far has been plodding through

Garun Lake the past 3 weeks on 66-ton

stilts and sweeping high spots from

the Lake section of the Canal channel.

The suction dredge Mindi, its 36-inch

maw chewing its way back and forth

across the Lake bottom in a massive

simulation of milady using a vacuumcleaner, has removed approximately

300,000 cubic yards of material from

the channel since it moved into the

Lake July 10.

Working about 5 miles north of

Gamboa, the Mindi has been operated

16 hours per day, 5 days a week, with

both crew members and supplies shuttled

back and forth between it and Gamboaby launch and tug. In addition to the

fuel used to fire the boilers which power

the main turbine and its auxiliaries, the

supplies include food for those aboard.

The Panama Canal Review

Workers on each watch have a mealaboard the vessel during their 8 hours of

duty and 6 crewmen who stay aboardthroughout the week have all their meals

provided. Most of those working on the

Mindi, however, spend onlv 8 hours at

a time on board, then leave until it is

time for them to go back on duty.

Shortly after dawn each weekday,crew members and operating officers for

the first watch assemble at Gamboa for

the trip to the dredge. Those on the

second watch assemble shortly before

3 p.m., and the vessel which takes themto the dredge returns the first watchgroup to Gamboa.

These men who operate the vessel are

a hard), much-traveled lot. Many of

them, including Master DavidJ.

Burkett.

have worked for the Canal before andhave had experience on the Mindi. Anumber of them were recruited in order

to put the dredge back into operation

after 2 12 years of idleness.

All of the operating officers have onething in common, though: They are

familiar with dredging equipment. Mostof them have been employed in harbor

and channel dredging projects along the

shores of North and South America.

Captain Burkett, who has beenemployed by the Canal for 28 years, has

had experience aboard both the Mindiand other dredges. Recentlv, while on

leave from the Canal, he worked aboard

the dredge Sea Haven at Las Minas Bay.

Throughout the 16 hours of the twowatches, from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m., the

dredge swings to and fro in the channel,

the 22-ton cutter head at the front of the

vessel gobbling up rocks, mud, and other

debris from the bottom. The powerfulvacuum draws tons of material into the

Discharge line from dredge spews material into a section of the Lake which a few days

earlier was 25 feet deep, but has been filled by discharged material, including those rocks.

big centrifugal pump, which forces it

almost half a mile through a 28-inch

pipeline and discharges it into the Lake

far from the channel.

The side-to-side sweeping motion of

the dredge is achieved by using 7-ton

anchors on opposite sides of the vessel.

Cables attached to these anchors are

reeled in alternately, forcing the dredge

to swing toward first one anchor andthen the other.

Minor forward movements of the

dredge are made by using the two 66-ton

spuds at the rear as stilts. While the

Dredge Master David J. Burkett, right, and Second Mate Hairy J. Harrison take their turn atdinner as other officers keep the dredge in continuous operation despite brief break for meal.

cutter head is being swung from side

to side, the spuds serve to hold the vessel

in place. But when the dredge is to bemoved forward, one of the spuds is

lifted while the Mindi is at one edge of

a swing, then the vessel is swung in the

other direction and the spud is lowered.

The procedure then is repeated with the

second spud, moving the vessel forwardapproximately 8 feet.

The length of the cutting head deter-

mines the forward movement on eachbite, just as the width of a broom deter-

mines the width which can be sweptwith it in one movement. Mounted onthe end of the 100-foot long ladder whichextends in front of the dredge, the cut-

ting head revolves continuously, chewingup virtually everything in its path andmaking the material small enough to

pass through the pumps and pipeline.

Although the cutting head is capable

of smashing rocks into bits, it occasionally

encounters something that is too solid

for it to break. If the object seems to besimply a large rock, rather than a solid

mass of stone, the dredge operator maymaneuver his cutting head to dig a big

hole direetlv alongside the offending

obstruction. The ladder and cutting headthen are lifted to the opposite side of the

rock and used to shove it into the hole,

where it will be below the bottom surface

of the channel.

Occasionally, the vacuum of the dredgewill suck something in which the rest of

the mechanism is unable to handle. Sucha large pieceof material sometimes hangsup in the centrifugal pump or elsewhere.

(See p. 21)

August 4, 1961

Man WearingMany Hats

Stepping Out

HENRY L. DONOVAN, who wearseight different hats under a single title,

Director of the Canal Zone Civil Affairs

Bureau, is about to exchange his many-faceted position for retirement and, in

the immediate future, a trip aroundthe world.

Accompanied bv Mrs. Donovan, hewill leave the Canal Zone August 28 onthe SS Pretoria, a 12-passenger, freighter-

type ship, en route to Copenhagen, withseveral stops scheduled along the way.The Donovans plan to spend several

weeks in Denmark, then visit Swedenand Norway. Although the Donovanshave been in Europe before, this will

be their first visit to the Scandinaviancountries.

Boarding ship once again, thev will

travel to Manila, through the Mediter-ranean, with stops in several storvbookcountries along the way. They will havea chance to see the Suez Canal, and visit

Hong Kong, Japan, and Hawaii beforereturning to the United States sometimeafter the first of Januarv.

In California, Mr. and Mrs. Donovanplan to spend quite a while with formerCanal employees who are old friends ofthe couple. Then will come a trip to

Arizona and a look around the Phoenixarea, followed by a visit in Chicago withtheir daughter, Peggy Ann, who is doingsocial service work in South Bend, Ind.From this point, weather will play a partin plans. If the weather is inclement in

the Boston area, a Florida visit will beindicated, with Boston shelved until fair

weather returns.

Eventually, they expect to make theirhome in Florida.

Mr. Donovan has headed the CivilAffairs Bureau since November 1953.Policemen, firemen, teachers, customsinspectors, postal employees, librarians,license bureau, and civil defense unitpersonnel all are under his direction.He was born in Brookline, Mass., and

was working for the Boston EngineeringDepartment in 1929 when he took andpassed a civil service examination whichled to a job as a structural draftsman inwhat is now the Panama Canal's Engi-

The Panama Canal Review 5

Mr. and

Mrs. Donovan

on stairs of

Administration

Building,

with Balboa

and Sosa Hill

in background.

neering Division. He and his bride wereon their wedding trip when thev camehere in October that vear.

He was loaned as Chief BuildingInspector to the Constructing Quartern-

master during the construction of thepresent towns of Gatun and Gamboa. In

1937, he returned to his position as

structural designer. After several promo-tions, he was assigned to Quarry Heightsin 1945 as an engineering consultant andserved on the Commanding General'sstaff as civilian adviser on matters relating

to the Panama Canal and the Republic-of Panama. He returned to the Canalorganization in 1950 as the first Directorof the Community Sen ices Bureau. Since1953 he has been Director of the Civil

Affairs Bureau.Mr. Donovan was awarded the Gold

Medal of Panama during 1956 ceremo-nies commemorating the 69th annivesary

of the founding of the Cuerpo de Bom-beros, Panama's firefighting force. Themedal was given in appreciation of the

cooperation between the firefighting

forces of the Canal Zone and Panama.Civil Affairs Director Donovan acceptedit on behalf of the Canal Zone FireDivision.

Mr. Donovan was president of theBalboa Baseball Club and the Canal ZoneBaseball League, and was the first Com-missioner for Little League Baseball. Healso has been active in Canal Zone RedCross work, and served as campaignchairman during two fund drives. Healso served as Regional Director of Civil

Defense during World War II and inter-

mittently as Director for the entire Zone.Mrs. Donovan, who also has been

active in the Red Cross, is an active

member and a former president of theInter-American Woman's Club.

WILLIAM BROWN,Assistant to Health Director, Retiring.

WILLIAM BROWN, who is retiring

early next month as Assistant to Direc-

tor of the Canal ZoneGovernment Health

Bureau, for 33 years has made the Health

Bureau his life. He has worked in all

divisions,comingup through the ranks to

his present position and he understands

operational details intimately.

A tireless devotion to duty, a high

sense of ethics and intellectual honesty,

and a sympathetic understanding of the

problems that beset the big, the little,

the sick, and the poor, are all part of

him. He was the confidant of Health

Directors and Governors and at the same

time his telephone and door were open

for the problems or imagined problems

of any employee. Actually the hale, the

lame, and the blind came to his desk for

counsel and help. The)- were never

turned away.

In addition to his humanistic qualities

he was efficient in his job, keeping

abreast of the many rapid and, at times,

bewildering changes in organizational

structure, personnel, and fiscal policies,

fat years and Kan years, particularly the

latter. He represented a continuity and

bridge of factual information and his-

torical background between successive

Directors and Governors that wasinvaluable.

Bill Brown, who was born in Omaha,Nebr., arrived in the Canal Zone in 1926

in the U.S. Army—he was stationed at

Quarry Heights where he was the Post

Sergeant Major. On receiving an honor-

able discharge in May 1928, he wasemployed at Gorgas Hospital and has

been continuously with the Health

Bureau since that time. In effect, he has

held the position of Assistant to the

Health Director foi 20 years.

During liis career he has witnessed

Mr. Health

Bureau

many changes in the Bureau and in the

entire Canal organization. He partici-

pated in planning the expansion of the

Bureau to provide medical and dental

care to the personnel of those engaged

in big Zone projects during the early

1940's, the tremendous expansion of

medical facilities to care for the vast

increase in the number of military per-

sonnel and civilian employees of all

agencies during World War II, and the

ultimate contraction after the war. Hecan tell about the patients who were

bitten by snakes while pioneering the

Madden Highway through the then

impregnable jungles, medical aspects of

the construction of Madden Dam in the

early 1930s, and on the contractors'

liberal policy in covering hospital bills

for employees who participated in con-

struction of Albrook Field when it was

just a "sock" and an "airdrome."

With a little urging he can be led to

reminisce about the hospital car attached

to the noon train of the Panama Rail-

road, which transported patients from

the Atlantic side to Gorgas, the planning,

construction, operation, and ultimate

demolition of Margarita Hospital, the

Section "E" Hospital, the merchant

marine clinics, dispensaries in each town,

the 30 to 40 first aid stations operated

at construction locations from Chame,

to Casa Larga, to Howard Field, and

even on construction sites of the

Transisthmian Highway.

As to more recent times, he can tell of

the campaign conducted in collaboration

with the Republic of Panama to eradi-

cate the yellow fever mosquito in this

area during the late 1940s. Although he

is not a doctor, he can convincingly

discuss and demonstrate the beneficial

aspects to humanity here in the Canal

Zone which have resulted from the dis-

coveries and application of the sulfa

drugs, antibiotics, and of the presently

used insecticides.

When he joined the organization,

Gorgas was known as Ancon Hospital,

the Health Bureau as the Health Depart-

ment, and the Canal Zone Government

as ThePanamaCanal. The Health Direc-

tor then had the title of Chief Health

Officer, And, of the 18 Health Directors

since General Gorgas, he has served

under 12 of them.

The present Health Director, Col.

Erling S. Fugelso, and Bill Brown were

classmates at the 13th Interagency Insti-

tute for Federal Hospital Administrators,

conducted in Washington, D.C., in

October and November 1956.

Those in distress and those saddened

and bewildered by illness or death in

the family, and others who sought or

needed his help, will long rememberBill Brown. He always has been anxious

to help those in distress or "tied up in

red tape." To a grateful "thank you" he

responds "we're in business to help you—that's why I'm here."

Attesting to his insight into humanproblems, and his understanding of

human relations are the letters of appre-

ciation which have been presented to

him by departing Health BureauDirectors.

As a hobby, Mr. Brown is an amateur

watchmaker, a field that he developed

through his own study of the intricate,

minute mechanisms which offered himan interesting challenge.

Accompanied by his wife and twodaughters, Ruth and Marian, Mr. Brownwill leave this month for San Jose, Calif.

Their two sons are already in the United

States—the older, Richard, is in Califor-

nia and the younger, Wayne, is in

Atlanta, Ga., taking his final year in post

graduate work leading to a master's

degree in public health.

6 August 4, 1961

Balboa High School

music instructor

taking year's leave

of absence to work

on advanced degree.

Victor Herr iii a typical pose as he directs one of the groups he has instructed here since 1950.

Pied Piper With a TromboneVICTOR HERR, a Pied Piper with a

trombone, who has led hundreds of

Canal Zone boys and girls down melodylane, is leaving the Isthmus the first of

September on a year's leave of absence

to work for his Doctor of Educationdegree, with a major in music, at

Columbia University.

He is planning to sail on the SS Cris-

tobal for New Orleans, and from there

probably will fly to New York via west-

ern Massachusetts. A visit along the

upper Hudson River Valley also is part

of his plans for the period before school

starts September 26.

Mr. Herr has been with the Canal

Zone Division of Schools since Septem-ber 1950, when he came to the Isthmus

as music teacher in the Balboa Junior

High School. The following year hebecame music instructor at Balboa HighSchool, a position he has held ever since.

A native of Everett, Wash., he wasgraduated from the Everett, Wash.,High School in 1945. From 1945 to

1946, he was a noncommissioned officer

in the U.S. Army Air Corps and a

member of the band, where he princi-

pally played trombone. As a band mem-ber, he traveled throughout the UnitedStates and played for President Trumanat his home in Independence, Mo.

After receiving an honorable dis-

charge, he was a scholarship student and

was graduated with honors in 1948 from

Everett Junior College. In 1949, he

received his bachelor of music educa-

tion degree at Denver University and

attended Columbia University for a

semester before coming to the Isthmus.

In 1952, he received his master of arts

degree at Columbia University, and he

has taken advanced studies at the Uni-

versity of Colorado, University of

Washington, and Columbia University.

Since he has been here, he has devel-

oped a marching band. This year, for

the first time in Balboa High School

history, the ROTC had its own band.

This is the third year that Mr. Herr

has worked with the summer music

program, which is beamed primarily at

elementary school students and begin-

ners' music studies. As there is no instru-

mental music program in the elementary

schools in the Canal Zone, many children

have their first introduction to musical

instruments through the summer course.

Some have continued their interest in

music and, in high school years, have

become part of the school band.

Some 14 of Mr. Heir's pupils have

received music scholarships in the

United States, and several are teaching

music now. Most outstanding of his

students has been Don M. Randel, a

major in music at Princeton University,

in the top 5 percent of his class, andstudent conductor of the Princeton band,

who plans to continue studying until he

receives his doctor of philosophy degree.

Young Randel plans to become a

musicologist after completing his studies.

Mr. Herr has been Canal Zone Car-

nival committee chairman for 2 years.

With Don Musselman of the high school

faculty, he wrote the Tivoli Pageant andthe Roosevelt Centennial Pageant. He is

a Past Exalted Ruler of Elks Lodge 1414and in 1956 won the American Legionaward for the outstanding teacher in

Canal Zone schools.

While in New York, Mr. Herr will

share an apartment with two youngwriters. In addition to his studies, hehopes to do some traveling in Europebefore he returns to the Isthmus.

During his absence, James Breen of

Kingsport, Tenn., also a professional

trombone plaver, will be instructor of

music at Balboa High School. He will

arrive about August 20 to spend a fewweeks with Mr. Herr before the latter

leaves. Mr. Breen is a Marine Corpsveteran of World War II, is married, andhas two children of grade school age.

The Panama Canal Review

July

in the

Canal Zone

Who needs any explanation about the Fourth.

A CANAL ZONE policeman washonored last month by the Republic of

Panama by being made a member of the

Order of Vasco Nunez de Balboa in the

grade of Knight Commander. The pre-

sentation to Policeman CaseyJ.

Hall

took place during a picturesque cere-

mony in the village of Laguna in the

Gatun Lake region.

The award was made in recognition

of Policeman Hall's humanitarian work

during the time he was assigned to water

A lit ^^b

patrol duty in Gatun Lake. Camilo Levy

Salcedo, Chief of Protocol of the Repub-

lic of Panama, made the presentation on

behalf of Panama President Roberto

F. Chiari. Speakers included Belisario

Guevara, who spoke for residents of

the village.

Those visiting Laguna for the program,

in addition to Policeman Hall and the

Chief of Protocol, included Zone Police

Chief E. S. Shipley and several other

Canal Zone police officials.

EDWARD KENNEDY, the 29-year-

old brotherof PresidentJohn F.Kennedy,

accompanied Gov. W. A. Carter on an

inspection tour of the locks and made a

partial tranist of the Canal during Ins

brief visit to Panama last month. He is

shown here with the Governor as they

inspected the Cut-widening.

8 August 4, 1961

ADM. ARLEIGH A. BURKE, Chief of U.S. Naval Opera-tions, became a member of The Esteemed Order of Bearers of

the Master Key to the Panama Canal when he called on Gov-ernor Carter at Balboa Heights last month. The Governorpresented Admiral Burke with the master kev and certificate.

Accompanying the visiting Admiral, who was returning to

the United States from dedication ceremonies for Ecuador's

new Naval Academy, were Rear Adm. EugeneJ.

Peltier, Chief

of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Rear Adm. John Quinn.

Director of Pan American Affairs, and Rear Adm. Richard S.

Craighill, Commandant, 15th Naval District, who was host

to Admiral Burke during his brief visit in the Zone.

THE FIRST sightseeing trip aboard the Canal's new launchLas Cruccs was made by a delegation of 150 women of theGeneral Federation of Women's Clubs, who paid a 2-day visit

to the Isthmus while en route home after attending a conventionin Rio de Janeiro.

The 63-foot launch has a 23-foot beam, is fitted with doubledecks, and can comfortably carrv 200 passengers. It wasacquired by the Canal to provide a convenient method for

visiting groups to view the Canal and is expected to helpPanama in the development of its tourist trade.

Arrangements for reservations to use the launch may be madeby telephoning Balboa 3192. The vessel is available on a rental

basis for use by Company-Government employees, religious,

civic, fraternal, and similar organizations, tourist agencies, andother organized and responsible groups.

LATIN AMERICAN military com-manders, assembled on the Isthmus for

their second annual conference, wereaddressed in Spanish by Governor Carter

during a visit to Miraflores Locks. Thevisit to the locks was made prior to

boarding the Canal's new sightseeing

launch Las duces for a partial transit of

the Canal as guests of the Governor.

The military conference, which was in

session throughout the second week of

July, was designed to allow direct dis-

cussion of mutual problems, permit anexchange of ideas, and to strengthenthe bonds of friendship and understand-ing among countries of the WesternHemisphere.

Considerably larger than last year's

conference, the representation this yearby the United States and 16 LatinAmerican nations encompassed anarea of 10,775,000 square miles witha total population in excess of 367million persons.

i: *r ./«fe4f 1

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The Panama Canal Review

Miamians change native

fishing habits to build

lobstering business at

Corn Island.

Mr. and Mrs. Bowers pause for a moment of relaxation aboard their sea-going home.

fiay, (BeeA 3n Port - - 3tk J^pbster vimeONCE EACH MONTH a 104-foot

fishing boat arrives at Cristobal and the

word quickly spreads among Atlantic-

side residents that the Jay Bee is in port

again. That grapevine-acquired knowl-

edge is the signal for lobster lovers to

head for the vessel to buy a supply of

frozen lobster tails.

The Jay Bee, a dissel-powered boat

built in Florida in 1944, is the only

fishing boat which makes regular trips

into Cristobal with quick-frozen, freshly

caught lobster aboard.

Although individual sales are madewhile the boat is in port, most of the

frozen lobster is transshipped fromCristobal to New York City, normally

being transferred directly from the

refrigerated hold of the fishing craft to

a New York-bound ship.

Owned by a family corporation headedby C. C. Bowers, a native of Miami, the

Jay Bee has been a familiar vessel in

these parts for the past 8 years. It was in

1953 that Bowers and his wife first cameto the Canal area to try their hand at

shrimp fishing in both the Atlantic andthe Pacific.

After 5 years of shrimping and faced

by declining prices, Mr. and Mrs. Bowersin 1958 decided to try to develop a

lobstering business at Corn Island, 40miles off the coast of Nicaragua. After

making the necessary arrangements with

Nicaragua, the couple started buyinglobsters from the natives of the island.

"Our first trip up there we only got

358 pounds of lobster," Mr. Bowers said

recently, "but this last trip we broughtback more than 13,000 pounds."

He said when they first went to the

island the natives used lobster pots madeof a local cane and lobstered in waterno more than 2 fathoms deep.

"They didn't think lobsters lived in

more than 2 fathoms of water," Bowerssaid, "and it took us a long time to teach

them to lobster in deeper water. We also

had to help them develop a lobster pot

suitable for use in deep water."

For Bowers, who has been a fisher-

man all his life "except for a little while

in the Navy during World War I," the

problem of locating and catching lobster

i:i the deeper spots near the island wasno great problem, but convincing the

natives that he knew what he was talking

about was somewhat difficult.

"We finally convinced them, though,"

Bowers says.

Virtually the only industry on the

island which the Jay Bee uses as its base

of operations are a couple of coconut

oil presses, neither of which has beenin operation much in recent months

because of the depressed price of the oil.

Consequently, many of the natives haveturned to fishing for lobsters to sell to

Bowers and thus earn a living.

A quick-freeze unit which was usedaboard the Jay Bee during the early

months of the Corn Island venture andprior to that for the boat's shrimping

activities has been taken ashore andhoused in a small processing plant whichthe Bowers' recently completed.

About 20 natives of the island are

employed in the processing plant, whichis managed by Mr. Bowers' brother,

R. M. Bowers, who remains on the island,

buying and processing lobster while

the ship makes its once-a-month trip

to Cristobal.

Six seamen work aboard the fishing

boat, which has not been actively

engaged in fishing efforts during the

initial period of the Corn Island venture.

"If we get back to fishing as well as

buying the natives' catch, we'll add 12

or 15 crewmen to help," Bowers said.

Admitting that the first year and a

half at Corn Island were "rough" froma financial standpoint, Mr. and Mrs.

Bowers report that with the increasing

volume of lobster which they now are

able to purchase, the situation is some-what improved and they hope to havethe operation on a more sound basis soon.

10 August 4, 1961

Fisherman Leo Krziza examines fishing trophies under gleaming bulk of 540-pound black marlin decorating wall of his office in Ancon.

3rom Sea J\over to Wall JbecorationTHE ONLY 540-pound black marlin to adorn a Panama

Canal Company office has been mounted on a wall of the MotorTransportation Division office in Ancon, directly above thehead of Leo Krziza, Administrative Assistant, and the manresponsible for the marlin's transfer from sea rover to

Iandlubberly room decoration.

Fisherman Krziza—and the marlin—also are responsible forkeeping the marlin record on the Isthmus, saving it fromthe threat of being carried to Miami by Mrs. BetsyWalker, who had been leading with a 518-pound marlin.

Mr. Krziza's 540-pound marlin, the largest caught in

Panama waters in the year 1960, was landed on December 9last year in the waters of Pinas Bay, Gulf of Panama, nearthe frontier of Colombia, about 130 miles southeast of Balboa.He used heavy tackle and, for bait, a bonita that weighed

approximately 5 pounds. The record marlin, the secondmember of the marlin family to be caught by Mr. Krziza inthat one afternoon's fishing, 'is 12 feet, 1 inch long and has agirth of 64 inches. It was landed in only 35 minutes.

There's a bit of irony intermingled with the story of therecord-breaking marlin catch. Leo, who is a committee chair-man of the Panama Marlin Club Committee, had participatedin the Panama Marlin Club tournament last November, butdidn't catch a single fish. On leave during December, he wentout on the fishing yacht Seri and after five fruitless-or, rather,fishless-days was practically on the way home when he metwith phenomenal fisherman's luck, boating not one, but twomarlin in quick succession. The first weighed 368 pounds.The second cinched the year's record for Mr. Krziza.The record catch fulfilled a personal ambition Leo has had

for years, and brought him handsome trophies, including asilver cup inscribed by the Panama Marlin Club as first prizein the annual competition. Incidentally, the Company-Govern-ment is cooperating in the International Marlin and SailfishTournament this year, as it has in the past. The contest is fromJuly 29 through September 4.

The 1960 record marlin, however, is not the largest marlinMr. Krziza has ever landed. In November 1958 he caught a

552-pound marlin about 10 hours before that year's tournamentclosed and, with it, took second prize.

Mr. Krziza's 1960 first prize marlin was shipped to a taxi-

dermist in Miami to be mounted, a task that took 6 monthsto complete.

If the marlin had been eye-popping when brought to Balboa,its return from the taxidermist was almost as spectacular, for

the crate that contained the mounted marlin was of the dimen-sions of a piano box. Which isn't surprising, considering thatthe span of the tail alone, from tip to tip, is 45 inches, or prac-tically 4 feet, quite aside from the 12-foot length of the fish.

Happy fisherman with the two marlin he caught in a single afternoon.

The Panama Canai, Review 11

ll-<i-L>0

Copper ore is grow

.«,• Molten copper produced from concentrated ore goes into furnace. Copper ingots arc loaded aboard ship in harbor at San Antonio, Chile.

Copper particles are Boated oil the milled ore. Aerial tramway carries ore concentrate from mill to.ejte,

Through the Isthmian Waterway

Copper for World's Industries

Shells for marine horns get final touches at Marion, Ind.. plant. Some 1,500 pounds ofcopperwere used torepair tMs motor forCanal

VIRTtory, bus

of trans]

UALLY ever) home, fac-

ness establishment, and humus

>ortation and communication

throughout the industrialized nations "I

thi world have one thing in common:

rhej depend on copper in some form.

Chileanthrough

Line freighter Imperial is one of several ships which enrrj copper bigots

the (anal on regular runs between South America, United States, and Europe.

Copper has been a factor in the rise of

entire civilizations. Believed by many to

be the first metal used by man, scientists

sa\ main of its uses were known as muchasl0,000years ago. TheIndians of North

America, who bad not even developed

the wheel when Columbus discovered

the New World, worked the copper mines

in the Lake Superior region long before

the great navigator arrived. They used

the metal to fashion implements of both

war and peace.

The United States produces morecopper than any other country in the

world, followed by Chile and then

Canada. Mining and smelting of the ver-

satile ore is Chile's biggest industry.

Much of the copper produced in Chile

and its neighbor to the north, Peru, is

shipped through the Panama Canal to

the United States and Europe.

The greatest known copper deposit in

tii world is Chile's open pit mine, Chu-quicamata. The country also has the

(Seep. 14)

L2 August 4. 1961

{Continued from p. 13)

world's greatest underground copper

mine, El Teniente. Both are located at

an altitude of more than 8,000 feet in the

Andes, with El Teniente in central Chile

and the other in the northern part of

the country.

The mines of central Peru, like their

cousins in Chile, nestle in the Andesrange. These deposits have made Peru

the second-ranking producer of copper

in South America. Mexico, too, is an

important producer of copper, with major

deposits in the northeastern State of

Sonora and in lower California.

The word "copper" is derived from the

Latin cuprum, or cyprium, the Latin

name for the island of Cyprus, renowned

in ancient times for its copper mines and

thus lending its name to the metal.

Because of its great variety of proper-

ties copper is indispensable in industry.

Copper products are utilized principally

in light and power lines, telephones, tel-

egraphs, radios, television, automobiles,

airplanes, railways, and shipbuilding.

To recover copper from ores, one of

two methods generally is used: Concen-

tration followed by smelting of the con-

centrate, or leaching with acid followed

by electrolytic precipitation. The elec-

trolytic copper produced by the latter

method is melted into ingots for sale.

In the concentration method, the ore

is crushed and ground, then reagents are

used which cause the particles of copper

to separate from the other materials and

rise to the top on bubbles of air forced

through a mixture of water and the

pulverized ore.

These copper-encrusted bubbles over-

flow from the flotation machine, then the

water which goes with them is removed

to further concentrate the copper. At the

El Teniente mine in Chile this concen-

trate is loaded into 1-ton buckets on an

aerial tramway which carries it to the

Caletones smelter, 4 miles from the mine

at Sewell.

The smelting process separates the

copper from the impurities still in the

concentrates, thus producing almost pure

copper which then is cast into ingots.

Some of the copper thus produced later

is refined further to make an even morepure metal for electrical wire andsimilar uses.

Operation of the Panama Canal has

contributed greatly to the development

of the copper industry in both Chile andPeru. Because of the Canal, copper from

those countries can be shipped to other

countries of the world economically andat prices competitive with copper minedelsewhere. More than 550,000 long tons

of the metal was shipped through the

Canal to Europe and the United States

in 1960, along with approximately80,000 long tons of ore.

Cable

Splicing

MadeEasy

A MACHINE which can fasten twopieces of steel cable together in seconds

and do it better and quicker than the

laborious splicing formerly used has

been added to the equipment of the

Industrial Division.

Using 500 tons of hydraulically

created pressure, the machine clamps a

steel sleeve around two ends of cable,

fastening them as securely as if they

had been made a single piece.

The steel sleeve is slightly oval before

being used and the two ends of cable

are placed inside it, one atop the other.

The collar then is set in the die-equipped

jaw of the machine, which squeezes it

so tightly that the sleeve is round andsmooth when removed.

Not only is the resulting junctionstronger and more quickly made than

by the old method of intertwining the

cable strands, but there are no sharp

ends of cable protruding to snatch and

Howard Clark inspects cable after test in

which line broke but sleeve splice held.

tear hands and clothing when the cable

is being used.

In a test conducted at the Industrial

Division to check on the strength of the

junction made by the swedged steel

sleeve, the cable broke at approximately

double its certified strength, but the

junction still held, unmarred by thestrain experienced by the rest of

the cable.

The machine has been installed in

the rope fender shop of the Industrial

Division. It can be used on cable fromVi inch up to 1% inches in diameter.

Jaws of swedging

machine prepare

to clamp shut

around steel sleeve

and cable ends.

14 August 4, 1961

Posing with Governor Carter after a ceremony last month during which they received cash awards for ideas are 9 of the 14 award winners.

Safety Pays — In More Ways Than OneSAFETY is always important and it

just makes good sense to practice it at

all times. It also makes good sense to

think about ways to improve procedures

and equipment to reduce the chance of

injury or make the job easier. Changeswhich result in improved safety condi-

tions or improved operations are eligible

for cash awards under the Incentive

Awards Program.

Proof that many Company-Govern-ment employees think safety is impor-

tant is indicated by the relatively high

number of suggestions submitted to the

Incentive Awards Committee whichinvolve safety. Last month, for example,

a group of 14 employees received incen-

tive award checks for suggestions theyhad made. Three of those 14 suggestions

involve safety.

Albert B. Collins of the Motor Trans-portation Division received a check for

$20 for suggesting that removable hand-rails be installed on ship-loading rampsand that the ramps themselves be paintedwith a non-skid paint. Mr. Collins notedin his suggestion that the loading rampsare very slippery when wet and particu-

larly when there are particles of greenfruit such as bananas or plantains onthem. Incidentally, he got the idea whileinvestigating an injury accident.

Carl W. Reynolds of the Locks Divi-sion received a $20 check for designinga jack to be used by workmen repackinga section of the rising stem valves whichare part of the locks equipment. Mr.Reynolds pointed out in his suggestion

that lifting the 30-pound pieces by handcould result in straining the back or other

injur}-

. The jack provides a safer way of

doing the job and now7 is in regular use.

W. C. YVilloughby of the EngineeringDivision earned a $20 check for a sugges-

tion which involves both operations andsafety. He proposed that colored plastic

caps be used to cover grease fittings

through which bearings are lubricated.

As pointed out by those reviewing the

suggestion, the plastic caps not only will

keep dirt and moisture from reachingthe bearing, but also will keep the fitting

from being damaged and protect work-men against hurting themselves on thepoint of the fitting.

Like most suggestions received bv the

committee, these involve simple, easy-to-

understand uses of familiar equipmentapplied in new and different ways. Thevdo not involve complicated engineering

i—ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTHAND

THIS YEAR

JUNE

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

principles or considerations and simply

were the result of close observation

coupled with some thought.

Many similar opportunities for sugges-

tions exist throughout the Company-Government. They are simply waiting

for someone to discover them. Someinvolve safety, as the three outlined here

did, and others simply involve improve-ments in operations or ways of doingthings. But all of them are valuable. Theperson making the suggestion mayreceive a cash award, the person whodoes the job may find it easier or

safer, and the Company-Government'soperations are improved.

If you have a suggestion in mind,submit it. The job you make easier maybe your own or someone else's, the injury

you prevent may be to yourself or afellow workman, but the cash award youreceive will be yours alone.

FIRST AIDCASES

•61 '60

284 242

1579(397) 1507

DISABLINGINJURIES

•61 '60

12 11

74(4) 73

DAYSLOST

•61

6321

•60

6340

7630(58)13508( ) Locks Overhaul Injuries Included In total.

The Panama Canal Review 15

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Q<

CANALHISTORY

50 Years AgoPLANS FOR construction of the

Washington Hotel and for extensive

improvements to the former Tivoli Hotel

were announced in August 50 years ago.

The new Washington was to be built

on Colon Beach bv the Panama Railroad

Company at a coast of approximately

$500,000. A swimming pool, one of the

first on the Atlantic side, was included

in the plans.

Renovations to the Tivoli included

construction of a new wing which wouldprovide 16,000 square feet of floor

space, add 38 rooms, and increase the

seating capacity of the dining room to

more than 700 persons.

A contract for about half of the steel

rail for the track of the towing locomo-tives along the walls of the locks waslet to the Bethlehem Steel Co., whichoffered open-hearth rail at 831.35 a ton.

By August 1, 1911, the grand total of

Canal excavation was 145,486,536 cubic-

yards. This left 41,727.508 cubic yards,

or less than one-fourth of the entire

amount for the completed Canal, still

to be excavated.

RETIREMENTSRETIREMENT certificates were pre-

sented at the end of Julv to the employees

listed below, with their birthplaces, posi-

tions, years of Canal service, and future

residence.

Katheryne D. Ackerman, New Jersey;Window Clerk, Postal Division; 18 years,

8 months, 22 days; undecided.Wiliam H. Beck, New York; Chief, GeneralAccounting Branch; 32 years, 3 months,3 days; New York.

Earl F. Bienz, Ohio; Towing LocomotiveOperator, Locks Division; 12 years,5 months, 29 days; remaining on Isthmus.

Daniel D. Bloomfield, Jamaica; Oiler, LocksDivision; 35 years, 1 day; Panama.

Jerome S. Bortner, New York; VoucherExaminer, New York Operations Office;

12 years, 5 months, 12 days; New York.

Edward Carlson, Sweden; Chief Engineer,Water Transportation Division; 15 years,

1 month, 16 days; New Jersey.

Charles Chase, Barbados; Leader, ShipCargo Operations, Terminals Division;

44 years, 10 months, 17 days; Colon.Lloyd N. Church, Grenada; Guard, Dredg-

ing Division; 32 years, 10 months,14 days; Panama.

Carmi E.Clough, New York; Window Clerk,Postal Division; 10 years, 21 davs; Florida.

John T. Dillon, Massachusetts; Chief Engi-neer, Dipper Dredge, Dredging Division;

21 years, 1 month, 7 days; undecided.James A. Green, Jamaica; Seaman, Dredg-

ing Division; 4l years, 3 months, 25 days;Colon.

Frank L. Hall. Jamaica; Maintenanceman,Maintenance Division; 27 years, 22 days;Panama.

Winthrop H. Havenor, New York; AssistantChief, New York Operations AccountingOffice; 33 vears, 4 mondis, 29 days; New-York.

Marie V. Hayes. Georgia; Telephone Oper-ator, New York Operations Office;27 years, 4 months, 14 days; New York.

Albert J. Joyce, Massachusetts; Electrician,Electrical Division; 33 years, 22 days;Florida.

Rebecca T. Kendall, Maryland; Staff Nurse,Gorgas Hospital; 30 years, 1 month,4 days; Delaware.

Gertrude T. Kueter, Michigan; Clerk, Com-munity Services Division; 17 years,11 months, 3 days; Florida.

Dorothea F. McXall, Illinois; Time, Leave,and Payroll Clerk, Comptroller's Office;

24 years, 10 months, 13 days; remain onIsthmus.

Cuthbert E. Maner, Colombia; Boatswain,Marine Division; 44 years, 7 months,18 days; Panama.

Helen C. Milloy, Massachusetts; Supervi-sory General Medical Supply Officer,

Gorgas Hospital; 40 years, 10 months,12 days; Massachusetts.

James Minto, Jamaica; Helper Mason. Main-tenance Division; 43 years, 7 months,11 days: Colon.

Jack C. Randall, New York; Chief, Com-munity Services Division; 28 years,6 months, 2 days; Florida.

Alexander F. L. Rienks, Holland; Inspector,

Cranes and Elevators, Industrial Divi-

sion; 20 years, 5 months, 29 days; remainon Isthmus.

Wenceslao C. Robinson, Colombia; LeaderSeaman, Port Captain's Office, Balboa:46 years, 8 months, 18 days; Panama.

Aristides Samudio, Panama; Heavy Laborer,Terminals Division: 15 years, 5 months,18 days; Colon.

Henry H. Shirk, Pennsylvania; Lead Fore-

man. Lock Operations; 25 years, 7 mondis,22 davs; Pennsylvania.

Capt. William J. Steffens, New York;General Manager, Water TransportationDivision: 21 years, 11 months, 11 days:

New York.

Daniel M. Thomas, Jamaica; Roofer, Main-tenance Division: 39 years; Panama.

Richard Thompson, Jamaica; Signalman,Navigation Division; 39 years, 2 months,10 days; Colon.

James G. F. Trimble, New York; LockOperator Electrician, Locks Division;

21 years, 4 months, 17 days; New York.

25 Years AgoCOL. CLARENCE S. RIDLEY, who

had served 4 years as the Canal's Engi-

neer of Maintenance, was appointed

Governor of the Panama Canal Zone25 \ cars ago this month to succeed Gov.

Julian L. Schley. In addition to holding

the office of Engineer of Maintenance,the new Governor also had served as

Assistant Engineer of Maintenance from1920 to 1922.

While governors were being changed.

a storm of protest arose from U.S.

citizens living in Panama over the ruling

that free education in the Canal Zoneschools would be restricted to residents

of the Canal Zone and to children

whose parents or guardians were U.S.

citizens employed bv the U.S. Govern-ment. A direct appeal was made to

President Roosevelt by members of the

American Society, the American Legion

and the Elks.

10 Years AgoUNITED STATES citizens employed

in the Canal Zone had no sooner gotten

used to the idea of paying Federalincome taxes 10 years ago than they

were made subject to the Selective

Service Act. In August 1951, President

Truman signed a proclamation requiring

citizens of the United States in the Canal

Zone and Guam to register for the draft.

This was followed by a proclamation

issued bv Gov. Francis K. Newcomersetting September 6 as registration dayfor draft-age U.S. citizens in die Zone. It

was estimated that there were 300 draft-

age U.S. citizens here who had not

registered elsewhere.

For the first time in the history of the

Canal, U.S. Government vessels started

paying tolls. In August, 10 years ago, it

was announced that tolls for July 1951included 8208,964 credited to thePanama Canal Company for transits bvU.S. Government vessels.

One Year AgoAPPROXIMATELY $250,000 worth

of damage was caused bv the fire whichswept the second floor offices in the westwing of the Administration Building at

Balboa Heights on August 2 last year.

The blaze began in the office of Comp-troller Philip L. Steers, Jr. Due to theoutstanding job done by Canal Zone fire-

fighters the blaze was confined to thewing in which it started.

The Panama Canal Review 17

ANNIVERSARIES(On the basis of total Federal Service)

MARINE BUREAUJames U. HenryBoatman

TRANSPORTATION ANDTERMINALS BUREAU

Charles M. GrantAutomotive Crane Opera

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAUEllis L. Fawcett

Principal, Latin AmericanHigh School

ENGMJEEBINC ANDCONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Curtis H. George /Lead Forem;

Florice ReneeCarpenter

MARINE 1

RaymondHarbormaster

Walter C. ReeGuard

Alexander BeverlyHelper Sheetmetal Worker

Victor M. BricenoBoilermaker

HEALTH BUREAUMarie B. McNeff

Director of NursingJohn O. Welsh

Nursing Assistant

CE OF THEROLLER

ohn A. MoWesAccountant

SUPPLY A*DlCOMMUNITYSEtttricX BUBEAU

PeiCTval \\ . Adams_jghLjJ*!T'riick Operator

James V. AlphonseStorekeeping Clerk

Wilfred W. IrvingSales Clerk

Herbert A. JohnsonLaborer

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCHJohn M. Purvis, Jr.

Head of Press Section

Kenneth HenryPhotocopying-Equipment

Operator

MAGISTRATE COURTSCharles A. Garcia

JudgeCIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Joseph L. Sestito

Window ClerkClemente Ara

Detention GuardBartolome Savory

MaintenancemanS. H. Laremont

Laborer Cleaner

ENGINEERING ANDCONSTRUCTION BUREAU

John D. MitchussonRefrigeration and Air

Conditioning MechanicArchibald Hall

Leader Heavy LaborerNieaeio Baloi

LaborerHaskel O. ArchiboldSeaman

Juan D. RodriguezFloating Plant Oiler

Robert A. FlowersDistribution Systems

MaintenancemanRichard GreySeaman

Joseph LynchSeaman

Lorenzo MelendezSeaman

Sydney O. MooreHelper Electrician

Urban B. Nesficld

Floating Plant Water TenderClive O. GarbuttSeaman

HEALTH BUBEAUDr. Peter J. Guokas

Medical Officer, PsychiatryDoris R. Kintigh

Miscellaneous DocumentsExamine)

Aurelio Rodriguez1 [ousekeeping Aid

Ralph L. DalmageMedical Technician

William F. AlemanClerk

Clarence G. Pirter

Nursing Assistant

Luis RiveraHousekeeping Aid

OFFICE OF THECOMPTROLLER

Philip L. Steers, Jr.

ComptrollerAlbert M. Jenkins

Supervisory AuditorHelen N. Minor

Time, Leave, and Payroll

Supervisor

CENTRAL EMPLOYMENTOFFICE

Clifford M. BarterInformation Receptionist

MARINE BUREAUSidney W. Peterson

Pilot

John F. StephensonAdmeasurer

Hermogenes RamosFloating Plant Water Tende,

Howard E. RobisonLock Operator Machinist

Julio OchoaLaunch Seaman

Russell B. """"'Deckhand

Sebastian F. NavarroTeletypist

Howard G. AndersonGeneral Foreman Carpenter

W. M. FergusonFloating Plant Oiler

Alvin WelchMaintenance Painter

Juan FuentesBoatman

Robert G. ForsytheLeader Lock Operator

MachinistDalian H. Stephen

Parts and EquipmentCleaner

James V. ForbesLaunch Operator

Robert L. WertzTowing Locomotive

Operator

Norris L. BrewsterDeckhand

Jose GamicaLaunch Seaman

Wilfred W. AndersonMaintenance Painter

Justo Trujillo

Maintenance PainterClifford A. Knight

Leader SeamanWallace E. RushingLock Operator Electrician

Marcus E. HartGeneral Helper

William J. NickisherWelderSUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAUHorace F. Jenner

Merchandise ManagementOfficer

Vincent J. HubertSupervisory MerchandiseManagement Officer

Nellie L. MartineauSales Section Headillian A. HenlonlSales Clerk 1

Goldston CumiliinlsCounter Attendantassa Bell^r ISales Clerk

James E. JonesWarehouseman

Alfonso TroyaHeavy Laborer

Andres GuiomsField Tractor Operator

Vivian ScantleburyLaundry Checker

Charles E. ThompsonLead Dairy Foreman

Apolinario Vellos

Leader Laborer CleanerGabriel GarciaHeavy Laborer

Geraldine LloydSales Section Head

Emily M. ThomasGarment Presser

Manuela De GallardoSales Clerk

Muriel E. WalshCounter Attendant

Pedro SuarezHeavy Laborer

Harold HardingMeat Cutter

Lucille A. WoodPantryman

Huvenai PinnockProduce Worker

Gladys B. Ceville

Stock Control ClerkMaicella W. Atkinson

Clerk TypistFermin DominguezHeavy Laborer

Ruby V. HarryCounter Attendant

Cesar A. MartinezBaker

Melvina McL. ThomasSales Clerk

Charles A. AlexanderLead Grounds Foreman

Willis A. BrownExtractor and Tumblerman

Maxie SalmonWarehouseman

E. ShettlewoodStorekeeping Clerk

Pearl A. BrathwaiteSales Clerk

Evelina JonesSales Checker

V. C. RamirezCounter Attendant

Lilias Inez HurleyClerk

TRANSPORTATION ANDTERMINALS BUBEAU

James S. LewisClerk Checker

Enrique RomanShipment Clerk

George Harding, Jr.

High Lift Truck OperatorDaniel Gomez

Truck DriverLouie H. McNish

Supervisory Clerk CheckerArthur A. Lewis

Truck DriverRalph A. Nelson

Liquid Fuels DispatcherIsaiah E. Lawrence

BrakemanAdrian A. Rieketts

Clerk CheckerCephas Daniels

Chauffeur

18 August 4, 1961

PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERSJune 10 through July 10

EMPLOYEES who were promoted

or transferred between June 10 and

July 10 are listed below. Within-grade

promotions and job reclassifications are

not listed.

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCHRobert G. Hammetter, to Head, Bindery

Section, Printing Plant.

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAUEverett L. Farlow, to Administrative Serv-

ice Officer, Office of the Director.

Junie N. Scott, from Truck Driver, MotorTransportation Division, to Firefighter.

Police Division

Donald V. Howerth, to District PoliceCommander.

Howard C. Richards, Jr., to Police Lieu-

tenant.

Edward V. Amason, to Police Sergeant.

Division of Schools

Patricia E.Headley, to Elementary Teacher,

Latin American Schools.

Juan Phillips, to Elementary and SecondarySchool Teacher, Latin American Schools.

ENGINEERING ANDCONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Dredging Division

Beverley Ricker, from Third Officer, SS"Cristobal," Water Transportation Divi-

sion, to Master Towboat or Ferry.

John T. Danaher, from Rigger, Industrial

Division, to Master, Small Tug.Dean L. Kelly, to Master, Small Tug.Harry P. DePiper, Lloyd A. Roberts, to

Chief Engineer, Towboat or Ferry.

William K. Renner, from Third Assistant

Engineer, SS "Cristobal," Water Trans-

portation Division, to First Mate, Pipeline

Dredge.Harry J. Harrison, Donald L. Crull, fromTowing Locomotive Operator, LocksDivision, to Second Mate, Pipeline

Dredge.Luther J. Quinn, to Second Mate, Pipeline

Dredge.Slaughter H. Sharpensteen, from Towing

Locomotive Operator, Locks Division, to

Third Mate, Pipeline Dredge.David W. Sullivan, to Third Slate, Pipeline

Dredge.Andrew H.Page, from Third Assistant Engi-

neer, SS "Cristobal," Water Transporta-

tion Division, to Engineer, Pipeline

Dredge.Robert F. Dunn, to Dipper Dredge Operator.Daniel R. Klotz, Welder, from Industrial

Bureau.Lloyd N. Church, to Guard.Armando Chow, to Leader Seaman.Francesco Viglietti, from Supervisory Store-

keeping Clerk, Supply Division, to LaunchOperator.

Frederick Burns, Humberto P. Halsall,Carlos F. Joseph, George H. McFarlane.Felipe Moreno, Edwin N. Perryman, to

Launch Operator.Aniceto Palacio, from Deckhand, Naviga-

tion Division, to Floating Plant Oiler.

Fitzgerald G. Mitchell, from Helper LockOperator, Locks Division, to FloatingPlant Oiler.

Alfred W. Browne, Jr., Darnley Griffith,

I las. ill Speid, Percival Wade, to FloatingPlant Oiler.

Felipe Fula, from Helper Lock Operator,Locks Division, to Floating Plant Fire-

man.Candido A. Melendez, to Floating Plant

Fireman.Manuel J. Castillo, Jose F. de los Rios, Juan

Melony, Camilo Rodriguez, to Naviga-tional Aid Worker.

Claudio Gil, from Railroad Trackman, Rail-

road Division, to Seaman.Rafael Secaida, Joseph N. Lavalas, Miguel

A. Moreno, Miguel de la Rosa, LeonardS. King, Edward E. Davis, Edward C.Price, Leroy A. Finn, Pablo Marin, fromHelper Lock Operator, Locks Division,

to Seaman.Pascual Ramos, from Truck Driver, Gorgas

Hospital, to Seaman.George C. Worrell, from Kitchen Attendant,

Coco Solo Hospital, to Seaman.Sydney A. Smith, from Leader Laborer

Cleaner, Division of Schools, to Seaman.Stanford N. Christie, from Heavy Laborer,

Division of Schools, to Seaman.Oswald A. Sealy, from High Lift Truck

Operator, Supply Division, to Seaman.Rito Tunon, from Utility Worker, Supply-

Division, to Seaman.Donald A. Williams, from Helper Boiler-

maker, Industrial Division, to Seaman.Rodolfo C. Soley, from Deckhand, Naviga-

tion Division, to Seaman.Lefard A. Bennett, from Launch Seaman,

Navigation Division, to Seaman.Sebastian Sanchez, Rudolph A. Knight, from

Boatman, Locks Division, to Seaman.Rodolfo Davis, Julian Olmos, to Seaman.Jose D. Villarreal, Alvin A. Boles, fromHeavy Laborer, Locks Division, to Sea-man.

Jose E. Delgado, Estanislao Perea, fromDock Worker, Terminals Division, to

Seaman.Christopher T. Cox, to Seaman (Launch).Evaristo E. Rodriguez, from Helper Lock

Operator, Locks Division, to Seaman(Launch).

Slenue P. Gilbert, Harold Irvin, Joshua H.Chapman, from Heavy Laborer, LocksDivision, to Seaman (Launch).

Luis A. Rivera, from Garbage Collector,

Community Services Division, to Sea-man (Launch).

Hector A. Prince, from Laborer, SupplyDivision, to Seaman (Launch).

Patricio Martinez, from Railroad Track-man, Railroad Division, to Seaman(Launch).

Luis E. Lame, Luis H. Agredo, EfrainMorales, Paulo Aguilar, from DockWorker, Terminals Division, to Seaman(Launch).

Narciso Gomez, from Railroad Trackman,Railroad Division, to Boatman.

Luis A.Guillen, from Heavy Laborer, LocksDivision, to Boatman.

Meliton Sanchez, from Dock Worker, Ter-

minals Division, to Boatman.Fedrick A. Lawrence, from Produce Worker,

Supply Division, to Truck Driver.

Walter Sinckler, to Truck Driver.

Dalton R. Ferdinand, from High Lift TruckOperator, Terminals Division, to HelperMachinist.

Hermes Rivera, Richard J. Joseph, fromUtility Worker, Supply Division, to

Helper Machinist.

Cleveland G. Davis, from Laborer Cleaner,

Community Services Division, to HelperMachinist.

Lucio Castro, to Heavv Laborer.Harold G. Smith, Clifford A. Rogers,Alphonso H. Thomas, from Utility

Worker, Supply Division, to HeavyLaborer.

Aristides Lopez, from Grounds MaintenanceEquipment Operator, Community Serv-

ices Division, to Heavy Laborer.Faustino Martinez, Remigio Romero, from

Laborer, Community Services Division,

to Heavy Laborer.Daniel S. Hogan, Juan D. Lopez, Ramon

Tenorio, Arturo A. Batista, from DockWorker, Terminals Division, to HeavyLaborer.

Antonio C. Dixon, from Service Station

Attendant, Supply Division, to Laborer.Antonio Quintanilla, from Dock Worker,

Terminals Division, to Helper Rigger.

Joel W. Tappin, from Sales Checker, SupplyDivision, to General Helper.

Francisco J. Pineda, from Laborer Cleaner,Division of Schools, to Helper Welder.

Hector L. John, from Laborer Cleaner, Divi-

vision of Schools, to Helper Machinist.

Electrical Division

Carol G. Rigby, to Accounting Clerk.

Donald E. MaeLean, to Senior Operator-Hydro.

John B. Coffey, Jr., to Operator-Hydro.William P. Fusselman, from Life Guard,

Division of Schools, to Student Assistant,

Business Administration.

Jose A. Cordova, to Power Plant Wiper.

Maintenance Division

Waldo B. Gilley, Carl E. Hall, Peter A.

Warner, to General Foreman PublicWorks.

Fredrick S. Baumbach, to General ForemanPainter.

George P. Fulhnan, to Leader InstrumentMechanic.

Owen W. Smith, to Instrument Mechanic.Mortimer H. Jordan, to Clerk (Typing).Bvron E. Brooks, to Accounts Maintenance

Clerk.Alvin V. Stewart, to Toolroom Mechanic.Nicacio Baloi, Pio Cordoba, Michael A.

Haywood, Domingo Mojica, DionisioPantoja, Titus J. Stephen, Zaearias Sala-

zar, to Heavy Laborer.Dionisio Navas, from Dock Worker, Ter-

minals Division, to Laborer Cleaner.

Contract and Inspection Division

James R. Palumbo, from Life Guard, Divi-sion of Schools, to Student Assistant

(Engineering).

HEALTH BUREAUBarbara J. Falk, to Secretary (Stenograph),

Corozal Hospital.

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLERAccounting Division

Charles E. Belden, to Supervisory Account-ant.

Alda L. McLeod, to Voucher Examiner.Luz E. Reyes, Clerk-Typist, from Contract

and Inspection Division.

Luis A.Fong, from Supervisory Timekeeper,Industrial Division, to Accounting Clerk.

MARINE BUBEAUNavigation Division

Edward J. Hughes, David M. Kennedy,Edward S. Mack, John F. Stoll, to Pilot.

Paul R. Guerriero, Kenneth R. Orcutt. to

Probationarv Pilot.

(Sec p. 20)

The Panama Canal Review 19

(Continued from p. 19)

Clifford Bowen, Jose C. Sanchez, from DockWorker, Terminals Division, to Deck-hand.

Joseph N. Goddard, from File Clerk, SupplyDivision, to Deckhand.

Carlos J. Reyes, from Laborer Cleaner,

Division of Schools, to Deckhand.Matthews M. Kelly, to Seaman.Henry M. Games, to Seaman (Launch).

Locks Division

Julio Avila, Henry O. Bailey, NormanBlandford, Ivan Burke, Jr., Jose Cerda,Nicolas Castillo, Alexander Johnson. JuanJoseph, Carlos F. Master, Howard L.

McKenzie, Gilberto Morales, Evaristo

Rodriguez, George Simpson, Albert E.

Waithe, to Helper Lock Operator.

Jose de la C. Dutary, Felix Herman, Euclid

C. Jordan, to Boatman.Elisha E. Gordon, to Chauffeur.Gregorio Navarro, from Railroad Trackman,

Railroad Division, to Heavy Laborer.

Industrial Division

Stephen C. Lessard. to Budget Analyst.

Carlos H. Herrera, to Leader Calker.

Milano Camano. Alberto Hawkins, JorgeL. Velez, to Painter.

Albin E. Coke, to Timekeeper.Randolph L. Green, James Smith, to Main-

tenanceman.Gabriel Vargas, Cristobal L. Joseph, to

Helper Carpenter.Albert M. Rowe, from Life Guard, Division

of Schools, to Laborer Cleaner.

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITYSERVICE BUREAU

Community Services Division

Teofilo Alveo, to Field Tractor Operator,

Jose D. Altamar, to Garbage Collector.

Rumaldo Amor, Segundo Pineda, FerminMaroto, Alejandro Rodriguez, IsabelZambrano, to Grounds MaintenanceEquipment Operator.

Jose A. Reyes, from Heavy Laborer, Main-tenance Division, to Laborer.

Supply Division

Joseph J. Pustis, to Sen ice Center Manager.Hazel Si. Myers, Rafaela Salas, to Snack

Bar Operator.Lorenza Howell, to Accounting Clerk.

Carmen L. Hassocks, to Personnel Clerk.

Linda M. Armstrong, Headley A. Cargill,

Tiburcio Gonzalez, Sarah A. Searle,Pedro A. Tiiiinn, to Storekeeping Clerk.

Ismael G. Rivera, Segundo H. Mero, to

Baker.Dudley A. Smith, to Clerk.

George L. Trottman, to Editorial Clerk andMotion Picture Operator.

Claudine A. Daxon, Nelly M. Titus, to Sales

Section Head.Isabel J. Powell, Gladys V. Ramage, Irene

Williams, to Sales Clerk.Ronald Chambers, Jr., to Commissary Serv-

ice Trainee.Lilllian E. Luddy, to Ticket Seller.

Miguel Mitchell, to Service StationAttendant.

Miguel Couloote, High Lift Truck Operator,from Terminals Division.

Phillis M. Grant, to Pantryman.Blakely Ford. Ernest A. Jones, to Ware-houseman.

Cedric Dickens, from Heavy Laborer, Main-tenance Division, to Utility Worker.

Alfredo Cortez, Leonardo Lopez, MargaritoOlivardia, Jose C. Quiros, Hermes Rivera,Vicente H. Ramos, to Utility Worker.

Ormc W. Wilson, to Counter Attendant.Sabino John, to Heavy Laundry W 7orker.Josephine L. Orville, to Garment Presser.Olga E. Haynes, to Shirt Presser.

TRANSPORTATION ANDTERMINALS BUREAU

Motor Transportation Division

John C. Brown, to Heavy Duty EquipmentBody Rebuilder.

Richard T. Hayden, to Automotive MechanicBasil L. Lloyd, Elisha E. Gordon, Chauffeur,

from Locks Division.

Fitz Marshall, from Heavy Laborer, SupplyDivision, to Truck Driver.

Terminals Division

Leroy II. Chaplin, to Cargo Clerk.

Felipe Lee, to Sign Painter.

Pablo A. Aleman, to Maintenance Carpenter.

George A. Foster, Truck Driver, from Main-tenance Division.

Carlos R. Evering, Wendell P. Maynard,from Waiter, Supply Division, to Clerk

Checker.Segundo Villalva, to High Lift Truck

Operator.

Jorge L. Pico, to Ship Worker.Danvil G. Morris, to Messenger.Levi Best, from Warehouseman, Supply

Division, to Dock Worker.Selwyn O. Brown, Hagar E. Salmon, fromHeavy Laborer, Locks Division, to DockWorker.

Joseph E. Frederick, to Helper Machinist.

OTHER PROMOTIONS

PROMOTIONS which did not involve

changes of title follow:

William L. Benny, Sendee Center Manager,Supply Division.

Henry A. Tooke, Superintendent, Miraflores

Kilter Plant, Maintenance Division.

Donald H. Boland, Business Analyst, Budgetand Rates Division.

Richard II. Egolf, Accountant, AccountingDivision.

Fred R. Middleton, Constable, Magistrate's

Court.Thomas W. Carter, Marine Traffic Con-

troller. Navigation Division.

Paul L. W'hitlock, Graduate Intern Mechan-ical Engineer, Engineering Division.

Sylvia E. Staples, Time, Leave, and Pay-roll Clerk, Accounting Division.

Gertrude M. Roberto, Accounting Clerk,

Maintenance Division.

Anthony J. Zablocki, Master, Towboat or

Fern-, Navigation Division.

Dale D. DeMoss, Retail Store Supervisor,

Supply Division.

Constance G. Harbison, Clerk-Stenogra-pher, Accounting Division.

Carl R. Seals, Cargo Clerk, Terminals Divi-

sion.

David A. Fyffe, Service Center Supervisor,

Supply Division.

Gladys R. Ceville, Stock Control Clerk,

Supply Division.

Jane E. Nicholls, Clerk, Supply Division.

Beatrice L. Douglas, Cash Clerk, SupplyDivision.

Agustin Garcia, Service Center Supenisor,Supply Division.

John R. Carrington, Sales Clerk, SupplyDivision.

Alba M. Coffey, Clerk-Typist, Supply Divi-

sion.

HuinbertoVillacres, Baker, Supply Division.

Julio C. Castillo, Percival Gordon, Conk,Supply Division.

Ernesto Cedeiio, Utility Worker, SupplyDivision.

Rito Ruiz, Grounds Maintenance EquipmentOperator, Community Sen'ices Division

James J. Boughner, Apprentice Electrician.

Electrical Division.Douglas C.Schmidt, Water System Control-

man, Maintenance Div ision.

worth Knowing,New York Office Closed

CAPT. WILLIAMJ.STEFFENS,

whose home port was New York for the

many years he served on Canal organiza-

tion vessels, and who more recently

headed the New York Operations Office

for the ships, said his goodbyes and

headed for retirement last month, along

with five other employees of the NewYork office. The office was slated to close

for good the last day of July. All PanamaCanal Company ship business now is

being handled in New Orleans and on

the Isthmus.

Captain Steffens' service with the

Panama Canal Company was broken

when he went on active duty as a lieu-

tenant commander in the U.S. Navyduring World War II, so that his PanamaCanal service totals 21 years, 11 months,

and 11 days.

Senior to him in years of service in

the New York office is Winthrop H.

Havenor, Assistant Chief in the NewYork Operations Accounting Office, whowas employed during his entire business

career with the Panama Canal Company,a total of 33 years, 4 months, and 29 days.

A close second in the service record is

William H. Beck, Chief of the General

Accounting Branch of the New YorkOperations Office, whose whole business

career also was with the Panama Canal

Company, a total of 32 years, 3 months,

and 3 days.

Others in the office who retired in

julv are Marie V. Hayes, telephoneoperator, with 27 years, 4 months, and14 clays' service; Edward Carlson, Chief

Engineer of steamship operations, with

15 years, 1 month, and 16 days' service;

and Jerome S. Bortner, Voucher Exam-iner, with 12 years, 5 months, and 12

days' service.

The closingof the Panama Canal Com-pany's New York Operations Office at

21 \Yest Street, New York, has affected

154 employees in that area, not counting

the non-officer personnel on the Com-panv vessels. Of the 154 employees, 30were transferred to the New Orleans

office; 70 have accepted other posi-

tions; 30 were offered employment anddeclined; 1 received reduction-in-force;

1 were offered identical positions in the

New Orleans Operations Office, butrejected the offer; and 13 more are

eligible for retirement, in addition to

those who retired in July.

Personnel Article

WlLLIAM D. YOUNG, a position clas-

sifier with the Wage and Classification

Division of the Personnel Bureau, is the

20 August 4, 1961

author of an article which recently

appeared in Personnel Administration,

official journal of the Society for

Personnel Administration.

Mr. Young's article, which was pre-

pared while he was a graduate student

in the Industrial Relations Center, Uni-

versity of Minnesota, is concerned with

the productivity of groups and waysof forecasting what the productivity

of a specific group will be in a given

situation.

Centering on one way of doing this,

the article concludes that such measure-ments "are at present practicable as a

tool for research, but not for manage-ment in the solution of group produc-

tivity problems." The article points out,

however, that success in forecasting

productivity of a specific group wouldbe a big step forward in efficient

management.

Mixed Doubles TourneyLT. GOV. W. P. LEBER will roll the

first ball to open this year's United FundMixed Doubles Handicap Bowling Tour-

nament at the Balboa Bowling Center onAugust 25. Rules for the 3-dav tourna-

ment have been posted and entry forms

are available at all bowling centers.

Entry fee for the event is $3 per

person, with $1 of the fee going to the

United Fund. Individuals may enter as

many times as they wish, with the sameor different partners. Trophies, cashawards, and merchandise prizes will goto the highest teams.

Code Revision

A BILL TO REVISE the Canal ZoneCode, as proposed by the special Gov-ernor's Advisory Committee, has beenintroduced in Congress by Representa-

tive Edwin E. Willis.

The revision will omit obsolete laws;

reconcile conflicting laws; modernize the

arrangement, language, style, and termi-

nology of the Code; clarifv and improveprocedures in Canal Zone courts; andadd or substitute provisions on somesubjects. Some of the specific changesinclude improvements in procedures for

dealing with the mentally ill, stiffening

the penalties for driving while intoxi-

cated, and authority for the Governorto issue fishing and swimming regula-

tions which would have the force andeffect of law.

The bill was referred to the HouseCommittee on the Judiciary for studyand consideration. David

J. Markun,General Counsel, has served as Chair-man of the Governor's Advisory Com-mittee, members of which also includeDr. Charles

J.Zinn, a member of the

Board of Directors of the Panama CanalCompany.

The Rainbow City Auditorium will be flanked by other facilities when plans are completed.

Modern Civic Center PlannedWORK SHOULD be started before

the end of this year on the construction

of a modern civic center for the Latin

American community of Rainbow City.

Plans for a service center, health

center, post office, and other facilities to

be built adjacent to the existing Rainbow

City auditorium have been drawn upand bids on the project will be solicited

sometime in September.

The new Rainbow City Auditorium,

which replaced the old motion picture

theater at Camp Bierd, was built last

year at a cost of approximately 8100,000by the Dillon Construction Co. The build-

ing is located off Randolph Road at the

coiner of Jamaica Street and adjacent

to the Rainbow City Elementary School.

It has a capacity of approximately300 persons and is available for stage

shows, school productions, musicals, andpublic meetings as well as regularmotion pictures.

The additional structures which will

make up the new Civic Center will bebuilt on both sides of the theater build-

ing. On one side will be the new post

office and health center, with space for

a barber shop and beauty shop. Onthe other side will be a service center

and restaurant. All buildings will beconnected bv a covered passageway.A parking area adjacent to the exist-

ing theater building will serve the newcivic center.

Maintaining the Waterway(Continued from p. 4)

One such chunk recently removed fromthe pump was a stone approximately

30 inches long and a foot thick.

The Mindi's equipment is designed to

handle anything which is not bigger

than the 28-inch pipeline through whichthe discharge is pumped. It is only infre-

quently that the dredge is forced to shut

down while something too big for it to

swallow is removed.

The pipeline which trails out behind

the Mindi as it works is floated behind

the vessel on special pontoons. As the

discharge flow moves through this line,

tumbling large rocks against the steel

pipe, the sound resembles nothing so

much as the sounds normally associated

with a stone-crushing plant or a boiler

factory, with the sharp ring of stone

against steel muffled only by the water

which serves as a carrier for the

dredged material.

To keep the Mindi in operation on its

present schedule requires a launch, a

small tug, an anchor barge, a powerfloat, a welding float, an oil barge, awater barge, a spare parts barge, spare

pontoons and pipe, special range targets

which dredge operators can use to keepthe dredge centered above the channelarea it is clearing, and 98 employees.The work in the Lake, which started

July 10, was to be halted this week, at

least temporarily. The dredge is to bemoved south through the Cut and PedroMiguel Locks into Miraflores Lake tin's

week for some channel maintenancework during the lane shutdowns at

Pedro Miguel Locks. The shutdowns are

to permit sections of towing track to beraised and strengthened in preparationfor the new towing locomotives. One of

ths Mindi's major jobs at Pedro Miguelwill be to move in close to the southend of the lock lanes when thev areclosed and remove silt which has accu-mulated. After this month, the Mindiwill be moved to Cristobal.

The Panama Canal Review 21

TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTESThe following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net

tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

United States intereoastal

East coast of United States and South America.East coast of United States and Central America

.

East coast of United States and Far EastUnited States/Canada east coast and Australasia

Europe and west coast of United States/Canada.Europe and South AmericaEurope and AustralasiaAll other routes

Total traffic

Fiscal Year

1961

4722,431430

2,189256909

1,129390

2,660

10,866

1960

6262,838465

1,843216

1,0531,031362

2,361

10,795

Avg. No.Transits1951-55

6561,717508

1.028204702474341

1,432

7,062

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLSVessels of 300 tons net or over

(Fiscal vears)

Month

Transits

JulyAugust. . . .

September.October. . .

November.December

.

January. . .

February. .

March ....April

MayJune

Totals for Fiscal

Year

1961

941912847913859868893843937904

1,002947

10,866

1960

888888823853886893902926978903974881

10,795

Avg. No.Transits1951-55

557554570607568599580559632608629599

Gross Tolls"

(In thousands ot dollars)

1961 1960Average

Tolls

1951-55

7,062

§4,6804,5854,1724,4954,3004,3854,4494,1134,7254,5234,9604,741

$54,128

$4,2194,1113,8283,8204,1244,4204,1464,4174,6334,2034,7104,309

$50,940

$2,4322,4032,4312,5592,3612,5452,4442,3492,6572,5882,6722,528

$29,969° Before deduction of any operating expenses.

CANAL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC BY NATIONALITY

Nationality

Belgian. . . .

British

Chilean. . . .

( liincsc . . . .

1i ilombian . .

I) inish

Ecuadorean

.

Finnish . . . .

Fren li

German . . . .

GreekHonduran. .

Israeli

Fiscal Year

Italian

Japanese- ... -

LiuerianNetherlands. .

Nicaraguan . .

Norwegian . .

.

Panamanian . .

Peruvian. . .

Philippini - .

SwedishUnited Stales.

\ enezuelanAll i >llicrs . . . .

Total.

1961

CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT

Pacific Steam Executive

A FORMER member of the staff of

the Balboa and Cristobal offices of the

Pacific Steam Navigation Co. has been

appointed general manager of the west-

ern area for the Royal Mail Lines, Ltd.,

and the Pacific Steam Navigation Co.

He is Roland F. Williams, who has beenwith the Pacific Steam Navigation Co.

since 1931 and who has travelled exten-

sively for the company in Central andSouth America.

He was assigned to the Cristobal office

between 1935 and 1939 and was com-pany representative in Balboa from 1942

to 1946. After leaving Panama he served

as manager in Peru and Chile and wasappointed manager of the head office in

Liverpool in 1955.

In his new position, Mr. Williams will

be manager of the head office, as well as

take over supervision on behalf of boththe Royal Mail Lines and the Pacific

Steam Navigation Co. for the whole of

Central America, Panama, Ecuador.Colombia, Venezuela, and the Caribbeanarea. He will be based in Jamaica.

New United Fruit Manager

SAMUEL D. PULLER, assistant man-ager for the United Fruit Co. in Cris-

tobal the past 2 years, has been namedmanager to suceed A. F. Raymond, whoretired June 1. Mr. Raymond, who hadbeen with United Fruit at Cristobal since

1922, has left the Isthmus to make his

home in the United States.

Well known in Atlantic side shipping

circles, Mr. Puller has been with UnitedFruit on the Isthmus since 1937. Heserved with the U.S. Navy from 1943until 1946 and was discharged with the

rank of lieutenant commander.

Regular Cargo Service

THREE NEW cargo ships recently

joined the Fern-Ville Far East LineCaribbean Service which brings cargoeach month to Canal ports from the FarEast and U.S. west coast ports. The ships

are the Fernview, Femstate, and Fern-lake, all owned and operated by Fernlev& Eger of Oslo and A. F. Kaveness & Co.of Lysaker, Norway.The ships arrive at the Canal on the

27th of each month from the Far Eastand the west coast. After discharg-ing cargo here, they continue on to LaGuaira, Puerto Cabello, and Maracaibo,Venezuela.

o HIPPINGFOR THE FIRST time since the

Panama Canal was opened, ships flying

the Norwegian flag have attained second

place among commercial ships using the

waterway. British ships claimed the third

spot during the fiscal year which ended

[une 30, as they did during fiscal year

i960. Germany was in second place

during the 1960 fiscal year, but dropped

to fourth place this fiscal year. United

States ships were in first place both years.

While the number of commercial ships

using the Canal during fiscal year 1961

totaled only 71 more than during the

previous fiscal year, the number of ships

ll\ ing the Norwegian flag increased 15 7.

The number of ships flying United States,

British, and German flags decreased. Thegreatest decrease was in U.S. ships,

which dropped 297 below the previous

fiscal year.

The number of Liberian ships, fifth

numerically but second only to the

United States in amount of cargo carried

through the Canal during fiscal year

1961, also increased during the year.

A total of 1.044 Liberian ships transited

the waterway in 1961, compared with

977 which transited in 1960.

The trend toward ever-larger ships

indicated by the fact that Liberian

vessels carried more cargo than the

numerically greater number of German,British, and Norwegian vessels also waspointed up by Colombian, French, andChilean shipping.

The number of commercial vessels

fixing the Colombian flag fell from 269iii 1960 to 244 in 1961, but the amountol cargo increased from 366,985 tons to

466.907. Transits by Chilean vessels

remained virtually stable, with 107 in

I960 and 108 in 1961, but the amountof cargo went from 614,137 tons to

838,912 tons. Transits by French ships

fell from 167 to 133, but the amount of

cargo was virtually the same, with794,02] tons in I960 and 785,407 tons

in 1961.

The number ot ships living the Greekflag, many of which are tankers andsupercarriers, climbed from 273 in I960'

to 612 during 1961, for an increase of,

more than 100 p rcent. This dramatic

increase moved ( Ireekshipping from 10th'

place to 7th place, numerically, andfrom Till place to 5tb place in volumeof cargo. Size ol the Greek ships is

indi ated 1>\ the fad that in 612 transits

the) carried al si twice the amountof cargo carried by 1.129 transits of

German vessels.

TRANSITS BY OCEAN GOING\ ESSELS IN JUNE

I960 196!

Commercial 881 94'

1 ,S. Government. . 14 10

Total 895 957

TOLLS °

Commercial $4,312,238 $4,74

..,.,, ,,,,,,. ,,i 49,970 51,065

Total $4,362,208 $4,794,260

CAHGO (long tons)

Commercial 5,193,872 5,757,868

55.706 47.071I S < .m eminent

total 5,249,578 5,804,939

^Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small.

Nine commercial ships flying the flag

of the SovLt Union transited the Canal

during fiscal year 1961, compared \vitrr

three the previous year. On the other

hand, the number of Cuban ships

dropped from 17 in 1960 to 10 this year.

Although the German ships ranked

only fourth in number of transits during

1961, the increase since 1951 in the

number of vessels flving the German flag

is somewhat indicative of the postwar

resurgence of the German economy. In

fiscal year 1951, only 4 transits were

OCEAN-GOING TRANSITSTHROUGH PANAMA CANAL

made by German ships and the following

year there were 30. But the numberjumped to 230 in 1953 and continued to

climb to a peak of 1,296 during fiscal

year 1960. The drop of 167 transits this

year as compared to last is believed to be

only a temporary decline.

In pre-war 1938, when United States

ships transiting the Canal totaled 1,780

and those of the second-ranking British

totaled 1,281—both very comparable to

the 1961 levels—fourth-ranking Germanshipping totaled only 357 vessels, less

than one-third the 1961 level. (Norwe-gian shipping was third in 1938, with

067 transits, slightly more than half

the 1961 total which earned it second

place, numerically.

)

Of the 10,866 ocean-going commer-cial ships using the Canal during fiscal

year 1961, 9,045 were classified as

general cargo ships, compared with 8,883

of this type during fiscal year 1960. Thenumber of passenger ships increased

from 286 to 295.

The number of tankers transiting the

Canal increased from 1,064 in 1960 to

1,116 in 1961, while the number of ore

carriers dropped from 489 to 345. Thenumber of superships with a beam of 80feet or more increased from 457 to 508,

while a total of 1,538 vessels were given

clear-Cut handling, compared with 1,461

during fiscal year 1960.

1961

I960

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 07150 0390