the burglars' friend

It all went wrongPast tenses • Word formation • Time expressions

STARTER Here are the past tense forms of some irregular verbs. Write the infinitives.

1 . were 4 _ told 7 _ took 10

2 saw 5 _ said 8 gave 11

3 went 6 had 9 got 12

could

made

did

THE BURGLARS' FRIENDPast Simple

1 T3.1 Read and listen to the newspaper article. Why was Russell the burglars' friend?

The burglars' friendIT was 3 o'clock in themorning when four-year-old Russell Brown wokeup to go to the toilet.

His parents were fast asleepin bed. But when he heard anoise in the living room andsaw a light was on, he wentdownstairs.

There he found two men.They asked him his name,and told him they werefriends of the family.

Unfortunately, Russellbelieved them. They askedhim where the video recorder

His parentswere fast

asleep in bedwas. Russell showed them,and said they had a stereoand CD player, too.

The two men carried theseto the kitchen. Russell alsotold them that his motherkept her purse in a drawer inthe kitchen, so they tookthat. Russell even gave themhis pocket money - 50p.

They finally left at 4 a.m.

They said, 'Will you open theback door while we take thesethings to the car, because wedon't want to wake Mummyand Daddy, do we?' So Russellheld the door open for them.He then went back to bed.

His parents didn't knowabout the burglary until theygot up the next day. Hisfather said, 'I couldn't beangry with Russell because hethought he was doing theright thing.'

Fortunately, the policecaught the two burglars lastweek.

22 Unit 3 • It all went wrong

2 Write the past forms of these irregular verbs from thearticle.

wake leave

hear holdfind thinkkeep catch

3 T3.2 You will hear some sentences about the story.Correct the mistakes.

Russell woke up at 2 o'clock.

He didn't wake up at 2.00! He woke up at 3.00. J

4 Write the questions to these answers.

1 Because he wanted to go to the toilet.Why did he wake up?

1 They were in bed.3 Because he heard a noise and saw a light on.4 Two.5 They told him they were friends of the family.6 In a drawer in the kitchen.7 50p.8 At 4 a.m.9 The next day. (When ... find out about... ?)

10 Last week.

Russell, 4, made thieves feel at home

LL

GRAMMAR SPOT

1 What tense are nearly all the verbs in the article? Why?How do we form the question and negative?

2 Write the Past Simple of these verbs.

a askshowwantwalkstart

b trycarry

c likebelieveuse

d stopplan

T3.3 Listen and repeat.

3 How is the regular past tense formed?How is the past tense formed when the verb ends in aconsonant + y?When do we double the final consonant?

There is a list of irregular verbs on p143.

Grammar Reference 3.1 p131

PRACTICE

Making connections

: Match the verb phrases. Then make sentences usingboth verbs in the past. Join the sentences with so,because, and, or but.

I broke a cup, but I mended it with glue.

break a cupfeel illmake a sandwichhave a showerlose my passportcall the policerun out of coffeeforget her birthdayphone ringtell a joke

answer itmend itwash my hairlaughbe hungrygo to bedbuy some morefind itsay sorryhear a strange noise

Listen and compare your answers.

Talking about you

2 Ask and answer these questions with a partner. Makemore questions, using the Past Simple.

What did you do ... ?• last night• last weekend• on your last birthday• on your last holiday

I watched TV. J

/ went swimming.

Unit 3 • It all went wrong 23

NEWSPAPER STORIESPast Continuous

1 Complete the newspaper articles with the Past Simple of the verbs in the boxes.

have can steal give say break hear come leave go

Handsup, I'vegot aburger!Last Tuesday aman armed withjust a hothamburger in abag (1)

Police Detective Bill McGinnis

$1,000 from abank in Danville,California.Police Detective Bill McGinnis(2) that the robberentered the Mount DiabloNational Bank at about 1.30p.m. and (3) theteller a note demanding$1,000. He claimed thathe (4) a bomb inthe bag. The teller said she(5) smell a distinctodour of hamburger coming from the bag. Even so, shehanded the money to the man. He dropped the bag withthe hamburger. He escaped in a car.

2 Match these phrases to the articles. Where exactly doeseach phrase go in the story?

... because she was revising for exams.

As he was running out of the bank,

Everyone was having a good time when suddenly ...

... that was waiting for him outside.

.. and some of them were carrying knives.

... , who was wearing a mask, ...

T3.5 Listen and check. Practise the sentences thatcontain these phrases.


Teenage partyends in tearsWhen Jack andKelly Harman(1) awayon holiday, they(2)their teenagedaughter alone inthe house. Zoe,aged 16, wantedto stay at home.Her parents saidshe could havesome friends tostay. However, Zoedecided to have aparty. Thingsstarted to go wrong. Forty uninvitedguests arrived. They (3)furniture, smashed windows, and stolejewellery.

When Mr and Mrs Harman (4)the news, they (5) homeimmediately.

GRAMMAR SPOT

1 What tense are all the verb forms in exercise 2?Why is this tense used?

2 How do we make questions and negatives?

3 Look at these sentences. What's the difference betweenthem?

she madeWhen we arrived,

she was making

Grammar Reference 3.2 and 33 p132

some coffee.

PRACTICE

Discussing grammar

1 Choose the correct verb form.

1 I saw / was seeing a very good programme on TV lastnight.

2 While I shopped / was shopping this morning, I lost Iwas losing my money. I don't know how.

3 Last week the police stopped I were stopping Alan inhis car because he drove I was driving at over eightymiles an hour.

4 How did you cut / were you cutting your finger?5 1 cooked / was cooking and 1 dropped / was dropping

the knife.6 When I arrived / was arriving at the party, everyone

had / was having a good time.7 Did you have / Were you having a good time last night?

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simpleor Past Continuous.

1 While I (go) to work this morning,

I (meet) an old friend.2 I (not want) to get up this morning.

It (rain) and it was cold, and my bed wasso warm.

3 I (listen) to the news on the radio when thephone (ring).

4 But when I (pick) up the phone, there was

no one there.5 I (say) hello to the children, but they didn't

say anything because they _ (watch) television.

Getting information

3 Your teacher will give you some more information aboutthe teenage party, but you don't have all the information.Ask and answer questions.

Student A Student B

Mr and Mrs Harman

arrived home at. . . (When?)

Zoe was staying with friends.

When did Mr and MrsHarman arrive home?

She was stayingwith friends.

Mr and Mrs Harman arrived

home at 10.30 in the evening.

Zoe was staying... (Where?)

At 10.30 in the evening.

Where was Zoe staying?

fortunately / unfortunately

4 Continue this story around the class.

I went out for a walk.Unfortunately, it began to rain.Fortunately, I had an umbrella.Unfortunately, it was broken.Fortunately, I met a friend in his car.Unfortunately, his car ran out of petrol.Fortunately,...

Tell similar stories around the class. Begin with thesesentences.

• I lost my wallet yesterday.• It was my birthday last week.• We went out for a meal last night• I went on holiday to ... last year.


LISTENING AND READINGA radio drama

1 T3.6 Look at the pictures below and listento a radio play called The perfect crime.

2 Answer the questions.1 What can you see in the pictures?2 How did Alice feel about Henry at the

beginning of the play?3 What did her husband tell her?4 Who is Kathy? Who is Bobby?5 What did she say when he told her? Why

did she decide to do this?6 What did she do to him then?7 How do you think she murdered him?8 What was her explanation to the police?9 Why were all the policemen thirsty?

3 Read the story. What do you learn from the story that you didn'tfrom the radio drama?

The perfect crime

Aice Jackson's husband, Henry, was a man of habit.So it was that at exactly six o'clock in the evemng she

was in the kitchen getting a beer for him out of the tndgeand watching him walk up the path.

She was smiling. Today the routine was going to bedifferent It was their tenth wedding anniversary, andsome friends were coming round for drinks at 8 X)was a big ice statue of a couple kissing in the middle of thetable in the living room, with twenty glasses waiting forthe guests. Alice was looking forward to the evemng.

She was very happy. She had a beautiful baby sleepingupstairs, a lovely home, and a husband who she adored.

Henry opened the door and came into the kitchen. Sheturned round to kiss him and give him his beer." 'Sit down,' Henry said. 'I've got something to say.

Alice had no idea that in the next two minutes herwhole life was going to change.

'I'm sorry' he said. 'And it's our anniversary, as well.But it's just that Kathy and I are in love. Bobby won't missme, he's too young.'

She didn't believe her ears. She was in a dream.'I'll get ready for the party,' she said.She walked into the living room. When she returned,

Henry was standing with his back to her, drinking hisbeer She was carrying something heavy. He turned.'What on earth ... ?' These were Henry Jackson's lastwords His wife hit him over the head.

At first he didn't move, then he fell to the floor.Suddenly Alice began to think very clearly. She took the

ice statue back to the living room, and phoned the police.

8


Then she turned up the central heating, and went upstairsto put on some make-up.

The police came quickly.'Is he all right?' she asked.'He's dead.'Alice screamed. 'No, no, not Henry! My Henry! Oh

Henry!' Through her tears she told how she put thebaby to bed, and came downstairs to find Henry on thekitchen floor.

'Burglars,' said Detective Parry.They took her into the living room.'Sit down, Mrs Jackson. Sergeant Taylor, get Mrs

Jackson a drink. A brandy with some ice. Phew! It's hotin this room. I hope you understand, Mrs Jackson, thatwe have to search the house immediately. We must findthe murder weapon.'

The room was getting hotter. Suddenly an arm fell offthe ice statue onto die table. It was melting. SergeantTaylor went to the statue and picked up the melting arm.He broke it into bits and put some into Alice's brandy.

'Phew! Can I have a glass of water, Mrs Jackson? It's sohot in here.'

'I think we all need one,' said the detective. 'And withice.' They were all very hot and thirsty.

Alice's friends arrived. 'Poor Alice! Poor Henry!' Theycried, and they tried to comfort her.

'Oh, thank you, thank you,' sobbed Alice. 'Please ...stay and have a drink. Help yourselves.'

They all had drinks - gin and tonic, whisky - and theyall had ice. The statue was now nearly a pool of water onthe floor,

'I wonder what the burglar hit him with,' said one guest.'Who knows?' said another, taking a sip of her drink.

Alice heard this conversation, and smiled into her brandy.

9

4 Are these sentences true (<) or false (x)?Correct the false sentences.1 Alice was waiting for her husband because

she wanted to kill him.2 She was happy because it was her

anniversary.3 She didn't know what he was going to tell

her.4 Henry said tha t he was in love wi th

someone else.5 She thought for a long time about how to

murder Henry.6 She turned up the central heating because

the room was cold.7 After she murdered him, Alice

was very clever in her behaviour.8 Alice hid the murder weapon.

What do you think?

• At the beginning and the end of the play,Alice was smiling. Why?

• Why do you think she did it?

• Do you think it was the perfect crime?Do you think she got away with the murder?Why/Why not?

Language work

5 Give the past form of these verbs from thestory. Be careful with the pronunciation.

adore phoneopen screamturn takewalk pickhit try

Speaking

Retell the story in your own words


Based on Lamb to the Slaughter, by Ronald Dahl; see note on p144.

VOCABULARYNouns, verbs, and adjectives

1 Look at these common noun and adjective suffixes. They are usedto form different parts of speech.

nouns

adjectives

-ation

-ous

-ion -ness

-y -tific -ly

-ity

-ful

-ence

-less

-sion

-ial

-ment

Complete the charts below and mark the stress. There are somespelling changes.

Noun

communication

invi'tation

edu'cation

im'provement

Verb

co'mmunicate

dis'cuss

'govern

de'velop

ex'plain

de'cide

en 'joy

'organize

em 'ploy

Noun

science

friend

'danger

use

help

care

noise

'industry

am'bition

Adjective

'happy

'different

'special

2 Complete the sentences with one of the words from exercise 1.

1 My English a lot after I lived in London for a month.in life. I want to be rich, and I want to be2 I have two

famous.3 'I'm going to work hard from now on.' 'That's a very good

4 There are manysimilar at all.

5 Thank you for your advice. It was very6 I like Italian people. They're very kind and7 The United Nations is an international

. between my two children. They aren't

8 I asked the teacher for help, but unfortunately, I didn't

understand his .9 Motor racing is a very sport.

10 Fish soup is a of this area. You must try it.11 I'm having a party on Saturday, and I'd like to you.12 This is the part of my town. There are lots of factories

and businesses.

Making negatives

3 We can make adjectives and verbsnegative by using these prefixes.

adjectives

verbs

un-

un-

im- in-

dis-

il-

Complete the sentences, using a wordfrom the box and a prefix.

pack possible agree tidy fair likeappear employed legal polite

1 Don't go into my bedroom. It's really

2 I can't do maths. For me, it's ansubject.

3 I don't fish. I just prefer

meat.4 It's very to ask someone

how much they earn.5 When we arrived at the hotel, we

our suitcases.f

6 I was for two years. ThenI got a job in an office.

7 ´I think learning languages is stupid.'´I . I think it's a good idea.'

8 The thief stole my bag, ran into thecrowd and • . I never sawhim again.

9 Cannabis is an drug inmany countries.

10 You gave her more money than me!That's !


EVERYDAY ENGLISHTime expressions

1 There are two ways of saying dates. What are they?

8/1/98 16/7/85 25/11/02

T3.7 Listen and check.

Look at the same dates in written American English.What's the difference?

1/8/98 7/16/85 11/25/02


2 Practise these dates. They are in British English.

4 June 5 August 31 July 1 March 3 February

21/1/1988 2/12/1996 5/4/1980 11/6/1965 18/10/2000 31/1/2005


What days are national holidays in your country?

3 Complete these time expressions with at, on, in, or no preposition.

_ six o'clock

_ last night

_ Monday morning

_ the evening

_ Saturday

_ December

_ summer

_ yesterday evening

Grammar Reference 3.4 p132.

4 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

1 Do you know exactly when you were born?

I was born at two o'clock in the morning onWednesday, the twenty-fifth of June, 1979.

2 When did you last ... ?• go to the cinema

• play a sport

• give someone a present

• have a holiday• watch TV

1995

_ the weekend

_ two weeks ago

_January 18

• go to a party• do an exam

• see a lot of snow• clean your teeth

• catch a plane

'." ,

110 111

I'm tired because I have Ьееп Я устала, так как долго чи-

reading ап EngIish book [от а тала английскуюкнигу.

10ng time.

Из приведенных примеров видно, что глаголы в PresentPerfect и Present Perfect Continuous, обозначающиедействия,законченныек настоящемумоменту, переводятся на русский

язык глаголами совершенного или несовершенного вида в

прошедшемвремени.

ПРОШЕДШЕЕНЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЕ

§ 5. ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ВРЕМЯ

Для выражения действия, совершившегося или совершавше

гося в прошлом, глагол-сказуемое в предложении употребляется

в одной из форм прошедшего времени - Past Indefinite (Simp1ePast), Past Сопппцоцв, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.

Прошедшее неопределенное (Past Indefinite) употребляется:

1. Для описания действий, происходивших в прошлом,

как завершившихся, так и не завершившихся в прошлом, но

не связанных с. настоящим. Прошедшее действие может ха

рактеризоваться обстоятельством времени (yesterday вчера,

last week на прошлой неделе, оп Sunday в воскресенье, in 1990в 1990году, the other day на днях и различными сочетаниями

с наречием ago тому назад - а month ago месяц назад, тапу

years ago много лет назад, long ago давным давно, not long agoнедавно. Например:

Ог Nixon taught at the Ох

[ord University lastуеаг.Доктор Никсон преподавал

в Оксфордском университе-

те в прошлом году.

I met уоиг brother the other На днях я встретил твоего

day. брата.

Не left зеп minutes ago. Он ушел 1О минут назад.

Past Indefinite может переводиться на русский язык двумя

способами в зависимостиот контекста: прошедшимвременем

глагола несовершенноговида или прошедшим временем гла

гола совершенноговида.

первые две

английским

Вечером я (обычно) читаю

книги.

я занимаюсь

уже три года.

Я прочла уже

главы.

я читаю эту книгу уже два

часа.

Все видовременные формы глаголов настоящего време

ни - Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Рге

sent Perfect Continuous - переводятся на русский язык глаго

лами настоящего времени за исключением двух последних

форм, которые в зависимости от смысла могут переводиться

также и глаголами в прошедшем времени:

Present lndefinite[ (usual1y) read books in theevening.Present ContinuousI аш reading ап EngIish book Я сейчас читаю английскую

(now). книгу.

Present Peifect1 have studied English [от 3years.1 have read the first twochapters.PresentPe~ectConunuous

1 have Ьееп reading this book[ог 2 hours.

СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВИДОВРЕМЕННЫХФОРМ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА

НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ

Вопросительная Краткие ответы

форма утвердительные отрицательные

1 1 1we we we Ьауе not

Науе Ьауе. (haven't).*уои Ьееп уои уои

they working? Yes, they No, theyЬе Ье Ье

Has she she has. she has not

it it it (hasn't).*

Специальные вопросы

Who has Ьееп working? Кто работал?

What Ьауе уои Ьееп doing? ЧТО ТЪ\ делал?

How long Ьауе уои Ьееп working? Сколько времени ты работал?

* Краткие формы характерны для разговорной речи.

112 113

Ты много ел мороженного в

детстве?

Я (обычно) не ел морожен

ного в детстве.

Ты встретил его вчера?

Я не встретил его вчера.

Did уои use to eat а 10t oficecream in уоur chi1dhood?1 didn't use to eat icecreamwhen 1was а chi1d.

Общая таблица спряжения глагола

в Past Indefinite

Образование Past Indefinite

Форма Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется син

тетически путем прибавления к основе инфинитива оконча

ния -ed: to talk говорить - talked; to work работать - worked;to end заканчивать - ended; to ореп открывать - opened.

Если основа оканчивается на немое е, то Past Indefinite об

разуется при помощи -d. Например:

to like нравиться - liked;to live жить - lived.

Окончание -ed произносится как [d], [t] или [ш]: lived[IIVd], worked [w;}:kt], decided [dI'sшdId] (см.с. 80).

Форма Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется

различными способами: to speak говорить - spoke; to meetвстречать - met; to know знать - knew (см. Список непра

вильных глаголов, с. 278).Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Past Indefinite об

разуются аналитически при помощи вспомогательного глаго

ла to do в Past Indefinite и инфинитива знаменательного глаго

ла (без to):

Did уоц meet Ыт yesterday?1 didn't meetЫт yesterday.

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма

1 1Не Не

She Shedid not

It worked yesterday. It (didn't)* work yesterday.We WeУои Уои

They They

Мистер Уэст подошел к

дому, достал из кармана

ключ и открылдверь.

повторяющихся действий в

1 read "David CopperfieJd"yesterday.

When Мг Fox was young, heused to travel а lot, but hisbrother didn't use to leave thehouse at аН.

1) Вчера я читала «Дэвида

Копперфильда»,

2) Вчера я прочитала «Дэви

да Копперфильда».

2. Для описания ряда последовательных действий в про-

шлом. Например:

Мг West саше up to thehouse, took the key out ofhispocket and opened the door.

3. Для описания обычных,

прошлом. Например:

When Мг Dапсе was а stu- Когда мистер Данс был сту-

dent, he rode his bike to дентом, он ездил на занятия

classes. на велосипеде.

В аналогичных случаях для описания повторяющихся дей

ствий в прошлом вместо Past Indefinite зачастую употребляет

ся также used (to) [ju:st] (или would) в сочетании с инфинити

вом, что переводится на русский язык глаголом несовершен

ного вида в прошедшем времени, часто с наречием обычно.

Например:

When Мг Dапсе was а student, he used to ride а bike toclasses.Last уеаг we used to go to theskating-rink оп Sundays.

Когда мистер Данс был сту

дентом, он (обычно) ездил

на занятия на велосипеде.

В прошлом году мы (обыч

но) ходили на каток по вос-

кресеньям.

Когда мистер Фокс был

молод, он (бывало) много

путешествовал, а его брат

обычно вовсе не выходил из

дома.

Глагол would в этом значении не характерен для разговор

ной речи.

Вопросительные и отрицательные формы сочетания usedto + инфинитив образуются по общему правилу образования

Past Indefinite.

II4

Различие в употреблении Past Indefinite и Present Perfect

ВопросительнаяформаКраткиеответы

утвердительные отрицательные

, 1 1 1he he heshe she she

did 80tDid it work yesterday? Yes, it did. No, it

(didn't).*we we weуои уои уои

they they they

Специальные вопросы

Who worked yesterday? Кто вчера работал?

What did уои do yesterday? Что ты вчера делал?

When did уои work? Когда ты вчера работал?

* Краткая форма характерна для разговорной речи. l',': .

115

1 Ьауе written several letterstoday. Сегодня я н.аписал не

сколько писем.

Мг and Mrs Gray Ьауе Ьееп totheatre this week. Мистер и

миссис Грей были в театре

на этой неделе.

1 Ьауе Iived in St.Petersburgfor 1О years. (1 live here now.)я живу в Санкт-Петербурге

10 лет. (Я живу здесь и те

перь.)

Present Perfect показывает, что

действие, которое началось

в прошлом, продолжалось

до настоящего и, возможно,

и сейчас продолжается.

2. Present Perfect употребляется с глаголом to ье в значении

съездить, побывать, навес

тить. После глагола to ье в

этом значении существитель

ное, выражающее обстоятель

ство места (направление),

употребляется с предлогом to.При соотнесении действия с·

конкретной ситуацией или

временем в прошлом вместо

глагола to ье употребляется

глагол to go в Past Indefinite:"Науе уоц ever Ьееп to Belgrade?""Yes, Руе Ьееп there once. 1went there in 1982."- Ты когда-нибудь был в

Белграде?

- Да, я быя там однажды. Я

ездил туда в 1982 г.

1 wrote several letters yesterday. Вчера я написал не

сколько писем.

Мг and Mrs Gray went to thethe theatre last week. Мис

тер и миссис Грей ходили в

театр на прошлой неделе.

1 Iived in Moscow for tenyears, Ьш now 1 Нуе inSt. РеtегsЬшg. Я прожил в

Москве 10 лет, а теперь

живу в Санкт-Петербурге.

Past Indefinite показывает,

что действие началось и

закончилось в прошлом и

с настоящим не связано.

2. Past Indefinite употреб

ляется в специальных во

просах, начинающихся с

when и where, так как такие

вопросы относят действие

к конкретной ситуации в

прошлом:

Where did уоц see him?Где ты его видел?

When did уоц see him?Когда ты его видел?

(В ответе на этот вопрос

может быть и Past Indefinite, и Present Perfect в за

висимости от ситуации:

1saw him yesterday.Явидел его вчера,

1havejustseen him.Я только что его видел.)

,

Употребление

Present Peifect1. Present Perfect показы

вает, что действие, которое

совершилось, связано с на

стоящим, на что указывают

наречия, с которыми упот

ребляется Present Perfect(они в основном обознача

ют период времени в насто

ящем, который еще не за

кончен): today сегодня, раз

личные сочетания с thisэтот (this week на этой не

деле, this month в этом ме

сяце, this year в этом году и

т. п.):

Употребление

Past /ndejinite1. Past Indefinite выражает

действие, целиком относя

щееся к прошлому, не свя

занное с настоящим. Поэ

тому Past Indefinite употреб

ляется с наречиями: agoтому назад (а month ago ме

сяц тому назад, three daysago три дня тому назад и

т. п.), Iong ago давно, theother day на днях (в про

шлом), yesterday вчера; с со

четаниями с прилагатель

ными Iast прошлый (Iast weekна прошлой неделе, Iast monthв прошлом месяце, Iast year в

прошлом году и т. п.); С ука

занием даты или периода

времени в прошлом (in JuIyв июле, in 1990 в 1990 г, и

т.д.):

Дети играли, в то время как

их мать наблюдала за ними.

116

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ

Прошедшее продолженное (длительное) (Past Continuous)употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, протекавшего (длившегося) в

определенный момент в прошлом, который обозначен либо

обстоятельством времени, либо другим действием в прошлом.

При этом ни начало, ни конец длительного действия неиз

вестны. Например:

1 was writing а letter at 5 В 5 часов я писал письмо.

o'clock.1 was writiпg а letter when Я писал письмо, когда вы

уоц сате. пришли.

What were уоu doingat5.30? Что ты делал в 5.30?1was writing. Я писал.

2. Для выражения длительного действия, протекавшего в

определенный период времени в прошлом (from six to seven с

шести до семи, all day long last Saturday весь день в прошлую

субботу, the whole day yesterday весь вчерашний день и т. д.).

Например:

We were making ап experi- Мы проводили опыт с 9ment from 9 (о 15. до 15.t was writng а composition Вчера я целый день писал со-

the whole day yesterday. чинение.

Не was reading тог his ехат Он готовился к экзамену

all day long last Saturday. всю прошлую субботу.

И в этом случае начало и конец длительного действия не

известны, важно только, что оно длилось весь указанный пе

риод времени.

В обоих случаях Past Continuous употребляется, когда

нужно подчеркнуть сам процесс действия, его продолжен

ность. Если же важен только факт совершения действия, то

употребляется Past Indefinite. Например:

1 wrote а composition the Я писал сочинение вчера

whole day yesterday. целый день.

3. Кроме того, Past Continuous может употребляться для

выражения одновременных действий, протекавших в про

шлом в один и тот же момент. Например:

117

The chi1dren were playingwhile their mother waswatching them.As 1 was taking а shower. В то время, когда я приии-

Mother was cooking break- мала душ, мама готовила за-

[ast. втрак.

4. Past Continuous может выражать намерение, относящееся

к прошлому, в основном С глаголами движения: to соте прихо

дить, to go идти, to leaveуезжать, to start отправлятьсяи др.:

Му [riend was glad that 1was Мой друг порадовался, что

leaving [ог the South. я собираюсь ехать на юг.

Примечанив.

Past Continuous не употребляется с глаголами чувственного вос

приятия: to пеаг, to see и другими глаголами, не имеющими длитель

ного вида. (См. Present Continuous, с. 100)

Образование Past Continuous

Past Continuous образуется аналитическим путем из со

четания вспомогательного глагола to Ье в Past lndefinite и

Participle I знаменательного глагола (wasjwere + working).

Общая таблица спряжения глагола в Past Continuous

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма

1 1Не We was notShe

wasУоц (wasn't)*

lt working there at 5 They working at thatо'сюск, time.

We Wewere not

Уои were Уоu (weren't)*They They

Вопросительная формаКраткие ответы

утвердительные отрицательные

1 1 1

Washe he he was notshe she was. she (wasn't).*it working at that Yes, it No, it

time?we we we

were notWere уои уои were. уоu

(weren't).*they they they

у

'·1'.,.!-:

Past Indefinite(действиесовершалосьв прошлом)

Утвердительная Вопросительная Отрицательная

форма форма форма

1 1 1..... he

...,Не

...,Не

She she She did notIt walked* it >walk? It > (didn't)

> broke** Did break? walkWe we We breakУои уои Уои

They""' they They

* Правильные глаголы.

** Неправильные глаголы.

Типичные обстоятельства для Past Indefinitelast week, last month, last year, yesterday, the daybefore yesterday, in 1987 (прошедшаядата).

Past Indefinite выражает действие, которое

совершилосьв прошлом.

Упражнение 24. Поставьте предложенияв вопро

сительнуюи отрицательнуюформу.

1. She worked at the library last year. 2. Не spenthis winter vacation in Moscow. 3. She brought теthree magazines yesterday. 4. Му sister studiedFrench at school. 5. Му pupils asked те а lot of questions at the last lesson. 6. Му mother bought а new suitlast week. 7. Му father left for St. Petersburg yesterday. 8. Не got цр at ten o'clock yesterday. 9. Му uncletaught те to swim in ту childhood.

122

Упражнение25. Поставьте предложенияв Past Гп

definite.

1. 1 understand the article well. 2. 1 listen to thismusic. 3.1 find тапу good stories in this book. 4. Thestudents spend must time in the library. 5. She makesтапу mistakes in her test. 6. They read тапу Englishbooks.

Упражнение 26. Раскройте скобки, употребляя

глаголы в Past Indefinite.

1. She (to make) tea for her guests. 2. We (to know)everything about that event. 3. Не (to think) muchabout this problem. 4. 1 (to Ье) wrong and apologized tohim. 5. Не (not to realize) his mistakes. 6. When уои

(to speak) to him? - 1 (to speak) to him only yesterday.7. She (not to get) letters from her son last month.8. Не (to go) to the airport to meet his brother. 9. Whatуои (to do) yesterday evening? - Nothing in particular. We (to watch) TV and (to look) through newspapers.

Упражнение27. Переведите на английскийязык,

употребляяPast Indefinite.

1. Ей понравилось представление. 2. Было очень

холодно на прошлой неделе. 3. Я встретил их у мое

го друга дома. 4. Кто-нибудь звонил мне пока меня

не было? 5. Мы не получили ее ответ вчера. 6. Я от

правил вчера письма моим друзьям. 7. У меня не

было времени делать эту работу. 8. Я читал этот

журнал вчера. 9. Ему не понравился фильм. 10. Онзвонил тебе вчера? 11. Они провели каникулы в

Лондоне. 12. Он сдал экзамен по английскому в

понедельник.13. Я навестилбубушкуи дедушкуна

123

l'"

прошлой неделе. 14. Я разговаривал с ним вчера.

15. Я ПОЧинилсвою машинув воскресенье.16. Аннане пошла в школу, так как она простудилась.

17. Почемуона сказалаоб этом только вчера? 18. Ончасто персбивал меня. 19. Она выиграла соревно

вание. 20. Вчера мы вернулись домой поздно. 21 . Яполучил отличную оценку за контрольную. 22. Томи Джон учились В одном институте. 23. Мы рабо

тали вместе несколько лет. 24. Когда он уезжает

домой?

Упражнение 28. Переведите на английский язык,

используяPast Indefinite.

1. Мы нашли много интересных книг в его

библиотеке. 2. Она вспомнила его номер телефона.

3. После представления они спели очень красивую

песню. 4. После лекции мы ответили на все вопро

сы. 5. Мы оплатили этот счет вчера. 6. После обеда

он рассказал нам прекрасную сказку. 7. Вчера ребе

нок проснулся очень рано. 8. Вчера вечером он вы

глядел ОЧень усталым. 9. Машина ехала очень бы

стро. 10. Мы ушли от него 5 часов назад. 11. Она по

благодарила его за доброту, когда он пришел.

12. Она НИчего не слышала. 13. Вы боялисьприйти

сюда ночью. 14. Прошлымлетом он учил детей пла

вать. 15. Вчера в кинотеатреон сердечно смеялся.

16. Мы сели и попросиличашку кофе. 17. Папа по

слал ее на почту час назад. 18. На прошлойнеделеонупал и повредилколено.

124

Past Continuous

Утвердитель- Вопросительная Отрицательная

наяформа форма форма

1 }Wав ~e } walking?

1 }was not

Не was Не walkingShe walking she She (wasn't)It it It

We } we }We } we,enot

у wereWere уои walking? Уои walking

T~~y walking they They (weren't)

Past Continuous выражает действие, которое

совершилось в момент времени в прошлом (at 6o'clock yesterday) или в определенный период

времени в прошлом (from 5 till 8 o'clock yesterday).

Упражнение29. Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголы в Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

1. Why уои (to look) at те in that way? 2. Не (toskate) yesterday from five till nine o'clock. 3. Whyуои (to smoke) in the гоот? 4. She (to read) the wholeevening yesterday. 5. What уои (to look) at? 1 (to look)at this monument. 6. Не (to write) the article аН theweek. 7. Yesterday he (to teIl) us for two hours abouthis trip to India. 8. 1 (to learn) to ride а bicycle now.9. We (to work) at this problem during three months.10. Ве quiet, he (to write) а composition now.

125


глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

1. 1 (to go) to the institute yesterday when 1 (to see)а house оп fire. 2. What уои (to do) yesterday? - 1 (towork) in the morning and (to skate) in the afternoon.3. They (to соте) in when 1 (to have dinner) with ту

friend. 4. 1 (to read) the newspaper when уои (to ring)те ир. 5. When 1 (to see) him, he (to stand) in thestreet. 6. 1 not (to go) out last night, because it (torain). 7. As ту brother (to get) off the tram, he (to fal1)and (to break) his leg. 8. 1 (to see) that Kate (to sit) atthe nearest table. 9. Оп Sunday, when 1 (to соте) fromа walk 1 (to meet) а strange тап. 10. When 1(to awake)this morning it (to Ье) so late that the sun (to shine)high in the sky. 11. She (to see) Henry, who (to look) atthe picture. 12. Не not (to see) те, as he (to read) а

book when 1 (to соте) into the room. 13. The ship (tostart) at опсе, because the wind then (to blow) in theright direction. 14. She (to liуе) with her brother in theSouth when she (to meet) Апп.


глаголыв Past Indefinite и Past Continuous.

1. Не (to sit) in а cafe, when 1 (to see) him. 2. Муfriend (to talk) to the teacher, when 1 (to see) him.3. When the phone (to ring), they (to have) dinner._4. The Ьоу (to fal1) and (to hurt) himself while he (to .ride) his bicycle. 5. She (to wait) for her sister, when 1(to see) her. 6. When the pupils (to hear) the Ьеll, they(to get ир) and (to leave). 7. When 1 (to go) out, the sun(to shine). 8. While she (to play) the piano, 1 (to write)а letter. 9. Не (to go) to the University, when 1 (tomeet) her. 10. Our friends (to discuss) something whenwe (to interrupt) them. 11. Му mother (to watch) TV,

126

when 1 (to соте) into the гоотп. 12.1 haven't seen himsince he (to ~oye) to his new flat. 13. When 1 (to look)out of the wшdоw, 1 (to see) that it (to rain) hard andpeople (to hurry) along the street. 14. We (to leave) theh.ouse, when the telephone (to ring). 15.1 (to sit) оп theттуег bank, when ту friends (to join) те. 16. When 1(to соте) ир to him, he(to speak) to his friends. 17. We(to meet) her when she (to walk) home. 18. When she(to enter) the гоотп, 1 (to stand) at the window. 19.When we (to enter) the room he (to smoke and to speak)to his friends. 20. 1 (to watch) TV, when somebody (toknock) at the door. 21. What уои (to do), when 1 (toring) уои цр yesterday? 22. Нег son (to cook) dinnerwhen she (to соте) home. 23. She (to water) the flow:ers, while her husband (to watch) TV.

Упражнение 32. Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголы в Past Indefinite и Past Continuous.

1. William the Conqueror ... (1and) in England in1066.. 2. The Scots ... (defeat) the English at Bannockburnш 1314.

3. Му friend ... (соте) to see те yesterday.4. As he ... (cross) the road, he slipped and fell.5. Му tooth ... (break) when 1 ... (eat) а hazel-nut.6. Не ... (stop) when the роliсетапtold him to.7. As he ... (die), he asked for а priest.8. 1 told him the joke and he ... (1augh).9.1 ... (talk) about him when he suddenly сате in.10. Не swallowed а fish-bone and ... (choke).11. As he ... (eat), he could not answer clearly.12.1 ... (have) а bath when the Ьеll rang.13. Не (start) when he heard the sudden noise.14. She (burst) into tears оп hearing the tragic

news.

127

15. The aeroplane crashed and then ... (explode).16. Не сате in while 1 ... (work).17. Не smiled at те in а friendly way when he ...

(see) те.18.1 noticed him as he ... (соте) in.19. While 1 was talking, she ... (interrupt) те.20. 1 lost ту fountain-pen while 1 ... (garden).21. At six o'clock yesterday 1 ... (wait) for уои at the

station.22.1 ... (forget) to wind the clock last night.23. When 1 сате in, the cat ... (sleep) in ту агтп

chair.24. When 1 ... (pick) ир the teapot, the handle ...

(соте) off.25. Не ... (eat) some bread and cheese and helped ,.

himself to some more pickles.26.1 ... (die) but а clever тап saved ту life.27. While 1 ... (clean) the teapot, the spout broke

off.28. What (уои, do) yesterday at tbls time?29. Who (tell) уои to соте to see те?30. The Ancient Romans ... (eat) large quantities of

milk products.31. As he ... (get) off the bus, it started with а jerk.32. At six o'clock Mr. Smith ... (stand) outside the

tube station, waiting for а friend.33. She went into the kitchen and found the milk ...

(boil) over.34. She wore а perfume that ... (smell) exquisite.35. 1 ... (know) him quite well when 1 was young.36.1 want to know who ... (give) УОl1 that black еуе.

37. While 1 ... (look) at it, the top fell off.38. The cat sprang immediately she ... (see) tlle

mouse.

128

39. Не ... (sleep) soundly when the burglars brokein.

40.1 ... (go) to sleep in the middle of his boring tale.

Упражнение33. Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголы в Past Indefinite и Past Continuous.

Yesterday, as 1 ... (walk) down the Strand, 1 ... (meet)George, ап old friend of mine. Не ... (recognize) те atопсе, though 1 .., (wear) а scarf round ту face as 1 ...(suffer) from toothache. Не ... (tell) те how sorry hewas to see те in such а роог way, and ... (add): "1 ...(соте) to see уои а fortnight ago but unfortunately we... (prepare) the аппиаl accounts and as опе of ту colleagues ... (Ье) ill, 1 couldn't find Нте to get round toуои." All the time he ... (say) this, 1 ... (try) to тегпеш

ber sometblng 1 ... (want) to tell him. Eventually 1 ...(remember) and .,. (say) to him: "Just before 1 ... (соте)out, 1 ... (receive) а letter from Smith, in which he ...(say) that he ... (hope) уои would call оп him soon. Неlast ... (see) уои at Marion's birthday party but уои ...(talk) so animatedly to the Chairman of Robertson'sthat he ... (not, dare) interrupt!" Just then 1 ... (see) апother friend of mine: Ье ... (wave) to те from the otherside of the road. 1 ... (say) goodbye to George and .(start) to cross the road; while 1 ... (cross), а car .(rush) out from nowhere and ... (knock) те down.Luckily,I ... (fall) into ап ореп crate of bananas, whichа barrow-boy ... (sell) so 1 ... (sustain) по great injury though the bananas ... (do)!

129

5 516 упражнений

цокрыто темными тучами, и дует сильный ветер. 8. Выпрочитали книгу, которую я вам дала? 9. Вы плохо вы

глядите. Вы много работали на этой неделе? - Да. Я

работаю над переводам уже десять дней, но сделала только

половину. 10. Что здесь делает этот человек? - Он ждет

секретаря. Она еще не пришла на работу.

Exercise 135. Ореп the brackets and use eitller tJle PastIlldefiIlite or tl1e Past Сопшшоцв.

1. Vve (walk) in зйепсе when he suddenly (ask) те tollClp ппп. 2.1 just (Ьауе) breakfast when the telepllOne(гiпg). W11еп 1саше back to гпу coffee, it (Ье) соИ. 3. When1(Пшзп) ту letter' in the 11311, а tall Ьеацйш]woman withred паьг (enter). Adog" (follow) пег. 4. Ann (drop) two cupswblle впе (Wasllир) last nig1lt, but neitller of the cups (break).5. 1 (walk) аlопg the street watching what (go оп) aroundте. Fast cars (гцвп) iп both diгесtiопsand it (00) impossibleto cross t11e street. 6. 'Пте old гпап who (sit) оп the benchlJesiclcше (keep) silence. Then suddenly he (turn round) toте al1d (begin) to speak. 7.1 (stand) пеаг the fence whenSl1ddепlу1 (l1еаг) tllCvoices. 8. Не well (гешешЬег) the dayw]lell Ье first (go)to scllOol. 9. We (talk) about Jiш when he(пш) il1to tlle гоош. 10. The day was шагvеlоus: the SlШ

(sllil1e), tlle birds (sil1g) so we (decide) to go for а walk.11. Miss Browl1'S telepllOl1e (ring) when she (dress). 12.1(lig1lt) ту pipe al1d (l1od) to hiш to show that 1 (listen).13. \VlJell 11e (саше) il1to tlle office the secretary (do) а

crossworcls puzzle. 14. WllY уои (not listen) to ше while 1(speak)? 15. Не (\vait) for her, but she never (саше).

Exercise 136. Fiпd tlle шistаkеs if апу. Use the propertепsе.

1. When 1 саше, he was havi11g breakfast. 2. Whenshe worked tllere, she often шаdе шistаkеs. 3. When he

106

was pho11ing, she had а bath. 4. While 1 was ггопшя, heread а newspaper. 5.1 cooked supper whe11 1 heard thisnews. 6. Не ,vas working in tbls сошрапу in 1997. 7.1could not answer уоиг саН. 1 worked in the garden then.8. They wished to stay because they enjoyed thешsеlvеs.

9. Were уои quarreling аН evening? 10. The train wasapproaching the сНу when it was raining heavily. 11. Thesecretary still typed when the boss саше in and wasputting вогпе dосuшепtsоп the table. 12. When he саше

ир to the square, he saw а lot of people: they sang, dancedапп shouted. They were celebrating New Year. 13. Justas 1 was сопппя into the гоогп, the students discussed thefirst report. 14. АН tlle tiше 1was writing, he was annoyingтпе with sШу questions. 15. The children played whilethe шоthегput the гоош in order.

Exercise 137. Choose the right vагiапt using the Ргевепъ

Perfect, the Past Indefinite ог the Past Continuous Tense.

1. While 1 (was waiting/waited/have waited) for Ытto саН ир, he (had/was having/have had) а good tiше in theЬаг. 2. She (has written/wrote/was writing) this exerciseyesterday at 8 o'clock. 3. Не (has invitedjwas invitingjinvited) ше to the party yesterday. 4. 1 (passedjhave рaзsоо;

was passing) шу ехаш i11 history today. 5. Не (readjhasreadjwas reading) а book two days ago. 6. They (have seenjsa,v jwere seeing) this filш last week. 7. She (paintedjhaspaintedjwas pai11ti11g) the picture whe11 1 сате. 8. 1 (шаdеjhave шаdе/wаsшаkiпg)шу report wllen уои e11tered thehall. 9. They (1earntjwere learning/have lear11t) the newwords yesterday fгош three tШ seven. 10. It (rained/hasrained/was raining) this week. 11. She (was having/hadjhas had) а bath at seven o'clock last night. 12. She (waswashing/washed/has washed) dishes already. 13. They(had/have had/were having) supper when the telephonerang. 14.1 (didn't шееt/hаvеп'tmet/was not meeting)

107

чш

тег

ед

ге,

id~n

19э.

в

п

s

уоu for ages. 15. Last summer he (has gonejwas goingjwent) to the Caucasus. 16. She was thoughtfully lookingat Ыт while he (readjwas readingjhas read) а newspaper.17. While 1 (sweptjwas sweepingjhas swept) the floor, Mrs.Parker began cooking. 18. 1 just (hadjhave hadjwas having)а telegram to say that ту роог friend is badly ill again.19. We (satjwere sittingjhave sat) in silence for а fewminutes. Не (spokejwas speakingjhas spoken) at last.20. While she (washedjwas washingjhas washed цр), she(was hearingjheardjhas heard) the doorbell, then voices.21. "She (was makingjmadejhas made) tea, let's go to thedining гоош", 22. Only two stars (shonejwere shiningjhas shone) in the dark Ыце sky. 23. Оп glancing at theaddress, Ье observed that it (containedjwas containingjhas contained) по пате. 24. Не just (leftjwas leavingjhasleft) the Ьаll when а stranger (enteredjwas enteringjhasentered). 25.1 (metjwas meeting'jhave met) Апп at Ьег

father's house twenty years ago and (knewjhave knownjwas knowing) Ьег ever since.

Exercise 138. Choose tlle rigbl variant.

1. Higher education in the US __ in 1636 when thefirst colonists __ Harvard College.

а) has begun, foundedЬ) began,havefoundedс) began, foundedd) was beginlling, have founded

2. Noah Webster __ AnAmerican Dictionary о! theEnglish Language in two volumes in 1828, and sillce thenit __ the recognized authority for usage in the UnitedStates.

а) published. ЬесатеЬ) has published, has Ьесотес) py.blished, was becomingd) published, has Ьесоте

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3. Не at Oxford then. Неwas not the best student,though Ье __ \vell known among the second yearstudents.

а) was studying, ЬесатеЬ) was studying, has Ьесотес) studied, Ьесатеd) has studied, has Ьесоте

4. One day when Ье__ Ьоте Ье__ а Ьоу who __Ыт from the opposite side of the street.

а) was walking, saw, watchedЬ) walked, has seen, was watchingс) was walking, saw, was watchingd) has walked, has seen, has watched

5. It was midnight. She _ in Ьег lonely гоош, Therain driven Ьу the rain __ against the windo'v.

а) sat, beatЬ) was sitting, was beatingс) has sat, beatd) has Ьееп sitting, Ьаэ been beating

Exercise 139. Translate into English.

1. Я так и не увидел Великие озера. Когда поезд

проезжалэтот район, была ночь. 2. Пока директор вел

беседу с представителями (representative) иностран

ных фирм (firm), секретарь сортировала утреннюю

почту. 3. Том Сойер не мог играть со своими товари

щами. Он красил забор (fen;::e). 4. "Уже садилось солн

це, когда я подъехал к Эдинбургу. 5. Он вел машину на

большой скорости. 6. Они вышли, когда еще было свет

JЮ, но черные тучи собирались на горизонте (horizon) идул холодныйсеверныйветер. 7. Ей бы~'~о очень труд

но жить с миссис Грин В одной I<oMHaTe (slJare а room),так как та постоянно жаловалась (complaill of) на хо

лод и на плохое обслуживание.8. Она шла по темной

улице и оглядывалась. Кто-то следил (follow) за ней.

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the burglars' friend

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