RESTRICTED GENERAL A G R E E M E N T L/7466

7 June 1994 ON TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution

(94-1166)

Original: English

ACCESSION OF CROATIA

Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Régime

The following Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Régime has been received from the Government of Croatia. In order that the matter may be examined by the Working Party (L/7319/Rev. 1), contracting parties are requested to communicate to the Secretariat by 22 July 1994 any questions they may wish to put concerning the matters dealt with in the Memorandum, for transmission to the authorities of Croatia.

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CONTENTS1

Page

I. Introduction 7

II. Economy and Foreign Trade 8

11.1 Economy 8

11.1.(a) General Description 8

ll.1.(b) Main Directions of Ongoing Economic Policies 11

ll.1.(b).1 Privatisation 13

ll.1.(c) Current Economic Situation 16

ll.1.(d) Division of Authority between Central and Local Governments 17

II.2. Basic Features of Foreign Trade of the Republic of

Croatia 18

ll.2.(a) Foreign Trade 18

ll.2.(b) Balance of Payments 19

II.2.(c) Foreign Debt of the Republic of Croatia 20

III. Instruments and Measures of the Foreign Trade System of the Republic of Croatia 21

111.1 The Law on Foreign Trade Operat ions 21

lll.1.(a) Entities Engaged in Foreign Trade 21

The contents of this Memorandum are based on the outline established by the Council of Representatives on 27 October 1993 and reproduced in document L/7317. However, it should be noted that some modifications had to be made to avoid repetition especially as some laws cover both exports and imports.

Due to the modifications it should also be noted that the numeric sequence of the contents of this Memorandum differs from the outline.

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lll.1.(b) Engaging in Business Activities in Foreign Countries 22

lll.1.(c) Special Forms of Foreign Trade Operations 22

lll.1.(d) Long-term Production Co-operation 23

lll.1.(e) Compensation Agreements with Foreign Countries 23

lll.1.(f) Re-export Agreements 24

lll.1.(g) ^Services in Foreign Trade Operations 24

lll.1.(h) New Legal Requirements in Operations with Foreign Countries 25

lll.1.(i) Measures Against Unfair Trade Practices 27

lll.2.(a) Evolution of Customs Tariff Regulation 28

lll.2.(b) Customs Tariff Nomenclature, Types of Duties, General Description of the Customs Tariff Structure, Weighted Average Level of Duties on Main Customs Tariff Groupings 29

lll.2.(c) Import Charges and Fees 33

lll.2.(d) Taxation Regime 33

lll.2.(e) Tariff Preferences 34

lll.2.(f) Non-tariff Measures Applied to Imports and Exports of Goods 34

lll.2.(f).1 Quotas 34

lll.2.(f).2 Licences 35

lll.2.(g) Customs Valuation 35

lll.2.(h) Rules of Origin 36

lll.2.(i) Customs Formalities 37

lll.2.(j) Standards and Certification 37

lll.2.(k) Organisation of Inspection Services at Border Crossings in the Republic of Croatia 38

L/7466 Page 4 III.3 Expert Regulations

III.3.(a) Customs Tariff Nomenclature. Types of Duties, General Description of the Customs Tariff Structure, Weighted Average Level of Duties on Main Customs Tariff Groupings

l l l .3. (b) Rules of origin for Croatian goods

111.4 Incentives for Exports of Goods and Services

III.4.(a) Protective Measures

111.5 Regulations on Trade in Transit

IV. OTHER POLICIES AFFECTING FOREIGN TRADE

IV.1 Industrial Policy

IV.1.(a) Industrial Property

IV.1.(b) Copyright and Related Rights

IV.2 Agricultural Policy

IV.2.(a) System of Subsidies in Agricultural Production

IV.2.(b) System of Guaranteed Prices

IV.2.(c) Special Fees on Imports of Agricultural and Food (surtax)

IV.3 Financial, Budgetary and Fiscal Policy

IV.3. (a) Taxation Regime

IV.3.(b) Budgetary Policy

IV.4. Foreign Exchange System and Exchange Rate Policy

IV.4. (a) Law on Foundation of Foreign Exchange System, Foreign Exchange Operations and Gold Trading

IV.4.(a).1

IV.4.(a).2

IV.4.(b)

IV.4.(c)

IV.5

IV.6

IV.6.(a)

IV.6.(b)

IV.7

IV.8

IV.9

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Home Currency Internal Convertibility 50

Home Currency Exchange Rate 51

Law on Credit Relations with Foreign Countries 52

Relationship of Croatia with International Monetary Fund 52

System of Foreign Investments in the Republic of Croatia • 54

Government Procurement 56

Government Purchases 56

Government Commodity Reserves 57

State Trading Enterprises 58

Free Zones 58

Subsidy Policy 59

V. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES 60

V.1 Brief Description of Bilateral Trade and Economic Agreements and Integration Agreements 60

V.2 Multilateral Economic Co-operation, Membership in Multilateral Economic Organisations 61

ANNEX 1. LIST OF TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES 62

A1.1 List of bilateral trade and economic agreements 62

A1.2 List I of international organisations of which the Republic of Croatia is a member 64

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A1.3 List II of international organisations where Republic of Croatia has a different status

A1.4 List of multilateral economic agreements that Republic of Croatia has joined to date

ANNEX 2. Laws and Regulations

A2.1 List of laws and legai acts relating to trade and the market

A2.2 List of laws and legal acts relating to banking and foreign exchange operations

A2.3 List of laws and legal acts relating to the customs system (since 8 Octooer 1991)

ANNEX 3. MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS AND FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS

A3.(a) Foreign trade statistics and agencies

A3.(b) Statistical publications

ANNEX 4.

A4.1 The Definition of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the Accountancy Law

ANNEX 5.

Privatisation Update - Croatia

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I. INTRODUCTION

The process of transition from a socialist to a modern society based on political democracy and an open market economy was initiated in Croatia, when a multi-party system and the first multi-party elections took place in 1990, and the Republic of Croatia adopted a new" Constitution and declared its independence in 1991, . The Croatian Constitution has declared the right of ownership and entrepreneurship and the free market to be the foundations of the economic system in the Republic of Croatia.

The political aspect of the process of transition means not only the development of democracy and the rule of law, but also protection of human rights and freedoms, while the economic aspect includes privatisation and the opening of the economy to market forces and international competition.

These strategic goals cannot be met unless a legal and institutional framework is created that is compatible to frameworks existing in market economies in the international environment. Other conditions for the fulfilment of the strategic goals mentioned are macroeconomic stabilisation and economic restructuring as necessary prerequisites for the process of reconstruction, the dynamic growth of the economy and living standards together with socially, regionally and ecologically balanced development.

Concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the Council of Representatives established a Working Party at its meeting on the 27 October 1993 with the following terms of reference: "to examine the application of the Government of Croatia to accede to the General Agreement under Article XXXIII, and to submit to the Council recommenaations which may include a draft Protocol of Accession'1.

The following comprehensive Mémorandum constitutes the basis for the examination of the foreign trade regime of the Repuoiic of Croatia by the contracting parties of the General Agreement.2

The Memorandum describes measures ana legal provisions valid at the time of its preparation. Although the Republic of Croatia has already made many changes to its legal system in support of a market economy, some laws and regulations are still being revised. The Government of the Republic of Croatia will inform the contracting parties, through the GATT Secretariat, of any changes to tne foreign trade regime covered in this Memorandum

The information and statistics given are generally oasea on data up to the end of 1993, unless otherwise indicated.

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II ECONOMY AND FOREIGN TRADE

i l .1. Economy

11.1.(a) General Description

The Republic of Croatia is a Centrai European and a Mediterranean country, with an area of 56,538 km2 and a population of 4,784,265 people. Croatia's most important natural resources are, first of all. the sea, with a well-indented coast suitable for the development of tourism, maritime activities, ports, and shipbuilding, then agricultural and rich forest areas providing the basis for food production and wood processing, also relatively important oil and gas fields ( annual production of 2 million tons of oil and 3 billion m3 of gas covers 70% of domestic needs) and finally, rich reserves of non-metal raw materials.

Croatia's geographical location provides a link between Western Europe and South-eastern Europe on the one hand, and Central Europe and the Mediterranean on the other, thus allowing for the development of different forms of transit transport.

Human capital constitutes the most precious potential for development since the people of Croatia are well-educated and trained and have a good industrial culture and tradition. Statistical data support this statement, as fully 69.5% of the 1.5 million working population have at least a secondary school education (53% hold a secondary school diploma and 16.5% hold a university degree).

In 1990, Croatia had a GDP of 15,910 million USD, or 3,350 USD per capita. Sectoral analysis of the economy shows the high and increasing importance of services. Industrial production is still important, although it recorded a fali over recent years, as a result of loss of markets and adjustments in relation to international competition and transition to a market economy. A decrease in building and construction activities, due to lack of investment, has also contributed to the decreasing share of industry in the Croatian economy. (See Table 1.)

TABLE 1. GDP Structure 1990. 1991. 1992.

GDP (factor prices), structure by sector 100.0 1. Agriculture 1* 10.6 2. Industry 2* 30.4 3. Services 59.0 a) Traditional 3* 25.0 b) Other 4* 34.0

100.0 10.2 26.5 63.3 24.0 39.3

100.0 10.6 25.0 64.4 21.8 42.6

Source: Estimates made by the State Institute for Macroeconomic Analysis and Forecasting (SIMAF)

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*1 Includes agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing and water resources management

*2 Includes mining, oil and gas production, processing industry and building and construction

*3 Includes trade, transport, catering, tourism and crafts M Includes financial and other business services, general government services

and housing and municipal utility services

Traditionally strong sectors of the processing industry, such as clothes, footwear, and food products together with shipbuilding and chemicals have maintained a significant share of Croatia's international trade. Services are another important sector of the Croatian economy, with tourism and maritime transport being especially well developed and earning important amounts of foreign currency ( net foreign currency inflows from tourism amounted to cca 1 billion US$ in 1990). Croatia has a very open economy, a fact illustrated by the total value of exports and imports within the GDP. The ratio was 90.8% in 1990 and 96.8% in 1993.

In recent years, major changes have taken place in the ownership structure of the economy with small and medium-sized enterprises expanding to fill the existing gap in the business sector (for the definition of small and medium sized companies according to the Accountancy Law, see Annex 4). The changes have been encouraged by a speeding up in the process of establishing new companies and privatising existing ones. (See Table 2.)

As a result of these changes, the private sector produced about 37% of the total value added in 1992 , and provided employment for about 40% of the total labour force, including the self-employed and farmers.

TABLE 2 Ownership structure of companies operating in the business sector of the Republic of Croatia

Dec. 1990. Dec.1991. Dec.1992. June 1993.

No. of comp. in the business sector 10.859 16,504 27,138 31,387

A. ownership structure: - private - socially-owned - mixed structure accord, to origin of caoitai - domestic - foreign and mixea - unknown

100.0 62.5 33.5

4.0

100.0 93.3

1.3 5.4

100.0 74.0 21.8

4.2

100.0 98.5

1.3 0.2

100.0 83.4 12.9 3.7

100.0 98.0

1.8 0.2

100.0 88.2

7.0 4.8

100.0 98.1

1.8 0.1

Source: Domestic'Payment Transfers Agency

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The number of companies operating in mid-1993 was two and a half times greater than at the end of 1990, with the largest number of business start-ups in trade, financial and other business services.

The importance of the so-called "socially-owned" companies within the business sector is still considerable, especially with regard to the level of capital invested and that of employment as most of them are large and medium-sized companies. The number of social companies operating in the business sector fell from 33.5% in 1990 to a mere 7% in mid-1993 (See Annex 4, Table A4.2). Two thirds of these companies are in the process of being'privatised. The private sector has been expanding not only in regard to the number of companies but also in terms of capital, employment and overall activity. Therefore, its share of total capital employed amounts to 14.1%, share of employment is 34.2%, share in total business activity measured by revenues is 42.8%,wnile a 51.4% share in profits is a clear indication of its superior efficiency.

Although Croatia has created a very liberal legal framework, foreign investments remain relatively low, with 2,184 foreign investment deals valued at 617 million DEM registered in 1992 while the 1.276 foreign investment deals registered in the first haif of 1993 had a total value of 165 million DEM.

The overall performance of the Croatian economy has deteriorated due to the following factors: structural changes related to the process of transition to a market economy; loss of an important segment of former markets ( Eastern Europe and former Yugoslavia); impact of war ( destruction and blockade of one part of nfrastructurai and industrial installations, disruption of transport and other •nfrastructural links); and as a result of an increased risk factor. The fall of business activities was most evident in 1991, with negative trends slowing down over the following two years.

The cumulative fall in gross domestic product amounted to 24.6% in the period 1991-1993. War risk had a particularly disastrous impact on tourist activities, where results in 1993, although better than in the previous two years, only amounted to a meagre 25% of the prewar level. These developments caused the unemployment rate to double in comparison with the late eighties, as the growing private sector was unable to absorb the excess labour force. (See Table 3.).

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Table 3. Main Macroeconomic Indicators

1991. 1992. 1993.

GDP (% change) ' industrial product. (% change) tourism (% change) rate of unemployment General Government deficit (%GDP). CAB (% GDP)"" CP (annual rate of change)

-14.4 -28.5 -80.7 15.5 -4.5 -4.3

249.5

-9.0 -14.6

5.6 17.8 -2.8 6.6

937.3

-3.2 -5.9 20.3 17.5 -1.2 2.4

1149.3

* GDP estimated by SIMAF ** CAB 1991 does not include newly established Republics on the territory of the

former Yugoslavia

Growing budget expenditure as a result of increasing expenses for defence, care for refugees and displaced persons, growing social benefits, coupled with the fall in tax revenues (due to a reduced taxable base) resulted in a considerable fiscal deficit.

Inflation strongly increased due to an increased disequilibrium both in the real and nominal sphere of the economy.

Croatian international economic relations to some extent reflect the negative trends present in the domestic economy. After a drastic deterioration in international economic relations in 1991, the following two years have seen a gradual improvement, mostly due to increased earnings in tourism and increased transfers from foreign countries. As a result, total foreign currency reserves increased and amounted to 1266 million USS on December 31, 1993.

Il.1.(b) Main Directions of Ongoing Economic Policies

Certain improvements in export demand during 1993 resulted in a slow down in the adverse trends present in the real sector of the economy, which were carried over from 1991 and 1992. In spite of this, inflation continued to accelerate, mostly due to increasing inflationary expectations.

Curbing inflation thus became the most important task of economic policy, as conditions encouraging the continued process of transition to a market economy, restructuring and growth had to be created. As monétisation of the public sector deficit was located as the main direct generator of inflation, a number of measures were taken in the course of 1993 to help implement the stabilisation program adoptea at the end of 1992. The measures were aimed at reducing the public sector deficit and improving the mechanism of monetary regulation.

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The relative prices of basic infrastructurai products and services were increased in order to stop a deficit from being generated in the course of the regular operations of public enterprises. Also, the Government Office responsible for the economy and restructuring of public enterprises was established in order to improve the monitoring of public companies. Its main task will be to coordinate the preparation of new laws for basic public infrastructure activities as well as to work out a strategy for their -estructuring and eventual privatisation.

The process of monitoring expenses incurred in the health sector has also been improved, and accumulated debts have been partly dealt with. New laws on health care and health insurance have been passed, opening the way for privatisation with a view to increasing efficiency in health care sector operations.

Attempts have been made to balance the Government budget by reducing the tax rates, widening the tax base, abolishing the different tax exemptions, and strengthening the activities that reduce tax evasion. A new law on tax administration has been passed together with laws on financing the local tax administration and local self-government, personal income tax and profit tax.

According to new laws, personal income tax will be payable as one single tax. while profit tax will be payable in such a way that equity revaluation and interest on equity are not included in the tax base. Preparations for the introduction of the new value added tax are also drawing to a close, and the old turnover tax system wiil be replaced in the course of next year. The above changes will make the Croatian tax system fully compatible with tax systems in developed European countries.

Managing monetary flow has also been improved, with the so-called selective lending and budget deficit financing by the National Bank of Croatia being discontinued. Changes in the monetary base are now mostly related to the monétisation of foreign exchange transactions and to changes in the level of statutory reserves held by commercial banks. The National Bank of Croatia is also developing open money market activities in order to improve the regulation of overall liquidity. The new law on the National Bank of Croatia stipulates that it is an independent institution whose operations are controlled by Parliament and whose main task is to protect the value of the national currency.

Financial discipline will also be strengthened when commercial banks bring their operations in line with the new law on banks and savings institutions that introduces banking standards and criteria set by BIS and the European Union. Another factor contributing to financial discipline has been the introduction of international accounting standards and auditing procedures into the business sector with the new Accountancy and Audit laws. Still another important element has been the protection offered to creditors in the course of bankruptcy proceedings handled by the courts.

This was the macroeconomic, legal and institutional environment in October 1993 when the Government introduced strict measures aimed at radical disinflation. The measures included a tight monetary and fiscal policy, restrictions in nominal wage growth, and stabilisation of the foreign exchange rate through central bank

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interventions in the foreign exchange market.

The new role of the central bank was made possible by the new Foreign Exchange Law, which stipulates that the foreign exchange rate is set by the foreign exchange market, while foreign exchange reserves accumulated in the course of 1992 and 1993 are considered to be adequate to ensure a satisfactory overall foreign exchange liquidity. In addition to the existing convertibility of current transactions, internal domestic currency convertibility for the household sector has also been introduced, and domestic legal entities are now allowed to hold foreign exchange accounts with domestic banks.

Although domestic prices of tradeable goods are expected to become stable due to a stable exchange rate, the present highly liberal trade system with very few goods on import quotas, relatively low average rate of customs duties levied and all barriers to entry abolished, will also play an important role.

The period to come will see further trade liberalisation coupled with application of international multilateral agreements, establishment of free trade areas with European countries and gradual integration into the European Community (Union).

The further liberalisation of the foreign trade system has been set up in tandem with liberalisation of the pricing system. The majority of prices are set by the market, the only exception being the prices of some utility services that are set by local authorities. Price ranges in the group of products and services that include wheaten flour, brown bread, and domestic postal and telephone services must be reported to the authorities. In 1993, the Government abandoned direct price control of infrastructural products and services, i.e. natural monopolies such as electricity, the most important energy products, rail transport, radio, television and telephone subscription and opted for indirect control through membership on the boards of directors of the enterprises providing these services.

The Government is determined to prevent monopolistic behaviour in the market especially for agricultural and food products where some limitations to trade still exist in the form of interventions from the State commodity reserves.

11.1.(b).1 PRIVATISATION

Privatisation of the economy is a priority among the goals of economic policy. Not only is a market economy with a dominant private sector one of the main strategic goals, but it is also essential to privatise existing socially-owned companies and banks if long-term stabilisation and integration into the international economic system are to be achieved.

Although Croatia has already committed itself to privatising its economy, there are some distinct differences that should be noted before any comparison is made with other Central and Eastern European countries undergoing a transition into a market economy. •

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Firstly, Croatia had a strong private sector in the form of small handicrafts, shops, hair salons etc.. Although this sector was in contradiction to the former centrally planned economy it was somehow allowed to exist due to its strong tradition in Croatia

Secondly, State ownership officially did not exist due to the "self-management" system that introduced a so-called "socially-owned" status under the former economic system. Therefore, the new democratic Croatian Government could not conduct a privatisation process as an official "owner" but rather as a regulatory "care-taker" body that monitored the transition of ownership and partial privatisation of so called "socially-owned" enterprises.

Thirdly, in recognising that some former socially-owned enterprises fell into the category of public enterprises/utilities, the new democratic Croatian Government separated these from the list of "socially-owned" enterprises undergoing transformation and has allowed individual privatisation/restructuring programmes to be made for each of these entities.

The fourth and last issue that needs to be taken into account is that over 80% of Croatian land is privately owned.

As can be seen from the above facts Croatia has some clear advantages when compared to other Central and Eastern European countries in privatising its economy due to the presence of existing private ownership. Also, it should be noted that Croatian citizens were very much exposed to "Western" cultures through the tourist industry which has always been a traditionally strong sector. This exposure was not only evident through tourism but also through the far less restrictive international movements/travel of its citizens compared with other former "communist" countries.

Privatisation of socially-owned companies is being carried out according to the Law on the Transformation of Socially-Owned Enterprises, which was adopted in the first half of 1991, with the Croatian Privatisation Fund being the central institution responsible for the transformation and privatisation process. An autonomous privatisation process in Croatian companies can take one or a combination of any of the four forms included in the Law: sale of entire companies or parts thereof, additional capital investments in companies, debt equity swaps, and free transfer of all remaining company shares to the Croatian Privatisation Fund and to the two Pension funds.

The present law on privatisation does not deal with privatisation of public enterprises, banks, insurance companies, cooperatives, ports, marinas, hospitals and schools. Special regulations will be passed to deal with these.

The process of privatisation is open to all domestic and foreign natural persons and legal entities. Domestic natural persons enjoy a discount on purchase of a stake not exceeding 20,000 DEM, i.e. a total stake not exceeding 50% of company value.

The process of privatisation, i.e. owner identification, saw a slow down in 1991

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due to the war, but continued in 1992 and 1993, so that the first stage of the process is now almost complete. Most small and medium-sized companies (48% of the total number of companies and 10% of their total value) have been fully privatised, 37% of medium-sized companies representing 48% of total company value have seen the CPF and Pension funds become their minority owners with a 30% stake in ownership. The remaining 15% are large companies. They represent 42% of the total capital invested. State funds are their majority owners, with a 52% stake in their capital.

The second stage of the privatisation process, which started in the course of 1993, was initiated by the Croatian Privatisation Fund selling shares held in its portfolio by organising auctions and inviting public tenders. Trading also started in the off-the-counter secondary stock market both with fully owned shares and with those not yet fully owned (purchased to be paid for in instalments).

A number of shares held by the Croatian Privatisation Fund will be used to compensate former company owners in the process of restitution, and a number of them will be distributed freely to certain groups of citizens.

The process of company privatisation is planned to be completed in the course of 1994 using a combination of flexible sales, other trading methods and free distribution of shares held in the Croatian Privatisation Fund portfolio. 1994 is the year in which the privatisation process in banks and public enterprises is scheduled to start.

Before the process of privatisation started, housing and other forms of accommodation were largely (75%) under private ownership. The process of privatisation has been extended to the remaining 25% of housing and accommodation which was classified as "socially-owned". To date over 40% of this category has also been transferred into private ownership.

Macroeconomic stabilisation and the privatisation of most companies are expected to create the conditions necessary for successful restructuring of banks and companies, which in turn should result not only in their increased competitiveness but also in the increased competitive strength of the whole economy in the global market.

The process of structural adjustments will encompass modernisation of traditionally strong industrial sectors, continued market entry of new small and medium-sized companies and liquidation of companies without orospects. At the same time, expenses created by reduced employment levels will be transferred from companies to the state, as it is the responsibility of the state to ensure a well-developed network of social benefits so that social tensions cannot impede the restructuring process.

New legislation of companies, labour and related fields will come into force during 1994 and 1995 and will provide a legal framework compatible with international standards, thus creating prerequisites for the development of all the labour and capital market institutions needed in a fully operational market economy, and also ensuring

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the flexibility necessary for the smooth running of the structural adjustments process.

Foreign investments are considered to be a very important element of economic restructuring and reconstruction. That is why the entire legal and macroeconomic framework will be geared towards ensuring liberal, stable, and encouraging conditions for all kinds of foreign investments.

Please refer to Annex 5 for a privatisation update of former "socially-owned" enterprises.

11.1. (c) Current Economic Situation

The economic situation in Croatia at the end of 1993 and at the beginning of 1994 had developed under the decisive influence of Government anti-inflationary measures introduced in October 1993. Factors relating to ownership restructuring and to structural anomalies still present in Croatian production and consumption were also influential. Another influence contributing to difficulties was the recession in the most important Croatian export markets.

Due to the introduction of a tight monetary and fiscal policy supported by income policies, i.e. the abandonment of the backward looking indexation of wages, exchange and interest rates, inflation was drastically reduced from a monthly increase of 40% in October to 1 % in November and -0.5% in December 1993.

Another important factor in curbing inflation was the stabilisation of the foreign exchange rate in the foreign exchange market due to an increased supply of foreign currency from the domestic sector, as a result of a heavily reduced overall dinar liquidity. Inflows of short-term foreign capital resulted in increased foreign exchange reserves held by the monetary sector in spite of the current account balance deficit.

The increased high demand for money induced by disinflation and coupled with a restricted money supply resulted in high real-term interest rates. A high disinflation has had no substantial adverse effects on production and employment levels as they are predominantly determined by structural factors.

Overall production levels have been levelling off due to low exports and weak home demand. Employment has been falling in the non-privatised business sector and has levelled off in the government services sector. Employment has been increasing slowly in the private sector.

There have been no major changes in the official unemployment figures, mostly due to the considerable level of employment in the informal sector of the economy. However, the process of company restructuring, coupled with bank rehabilitation in the second stage of the stabilisation program implementation, is bound to spur the gradual transformation of presently hidden unemployment into officially declared unemployment levels.

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11.1. (ci) Division of Authority between Central and Local Governments

The Republic of Croatia has set up a system of local self-government and administration based on the European Charter on Local Self-government and following the referendum in local communities held at the end of 1992. The new system introduced decentralisation in the field of public services, and vertical integration in administrative services, thus separating state administration operations on the local level from local self-government.

Within the system of local self-government and local administration twenty-one regions, called "Counties"(including the City of Zagreb) have been introduced. The boundaries of these administrative units are based on historical, communication and economic characteristics.

Counties are not only the local centres of state administration with responsibility for carrying out decentralised administrative tasks, but are also the centres of local self-government. Here the interests of municipalities, towns and districts are being harmonised with a view to encouraging economic and social development and satisfying common public needs at the level of lower self-governing units and of entire regions.

Municipalities (419), towns (68) and special self-governing districts (2) are defined as local self-governing units, where the needs and interests of the local population are being considered. Residents of an inhabited area or parts thereof, may start a local council as a form of local self-government, where they participate directly in the decision-making process on common local issues.

State administration activities performed in local units of self-government and administration are financed from the State budget. Activities within the field of local self-government (i.e. local level public needs) are financed from the budget of the local self-governing and administrative unit. In cases where the fiscal revenues available are not adequate, or local needs are of importance for a wider community, co-financing from the central government budget will be provided either via transfers to the local government budget or via direct financial support to public institutions.

While a certain number of public services are the responsibility of the centrai government ( national defence, international relations, the system of customs, retirement and disability insurance, the judiciary system, economic policy and infrastructure on the state level), a large number of services are provided at the local level, with the authority for and financing of a certain number of public services being divided between the central and local governments (police, education, health care, housing, social welfare, urban planning, and granting concession rights). Finally, some public services are the sole responsibility of local administration (local urban development planning, environmental protection, building permits and land rates, fire protection, local transport and other local utilities, preschool education, sports and recreation, and cultural activities).

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Financing of local public services within the scope of their authority is derived from the following sources: income from their own assets (companies owned by them, concession rights granted), local taxes (regions collect tax on inheritances and gifts, tax on motor vehicles and vessels, and tax on entertainment and sports events, municipalities and towns collect turnover tax, property tax and advertising tax, districts collect special district taxes and fees in accordance with separate legal provisions). Certain taxes are divided between the central government and local government units in the following way: counties are entitled to 5% of income tax, and 10% of profit tax. municipalities and towns to 25% of ipcome tax, 20% of the profit tax, 50% of the tax on gains from games on chance, and 60% of the tax on real estate transactions, and cities with more than 40,000 inhabitants may introduce an additional rate on income tax up to a certain limit. Local administration revenues will also include cash penalties and confiscated profit on illegal dealings defined by them, administrative dues, communal and other fees for use of municipal or city installations, institutions or land, transfers from the State budget and other revenue following special legal provisions.

II.2. Basic Features of Foreign Trade of the Republic of Croatia

II.2.(a) Foreign Trade

The trade balance of the Republic of Croatia showed a deficit from 1990 to 1993. As a result of 1991 and 1992 imports decreasing faster than exports in the same period, the coverage of imports by exports increased from 77.5% in 1990 to 103.1% in 1992. Exports were again reduced in 1993, while imports went up, so that coverage of imports by exports was down again to 83.7%. The balance of services has traditionally been favourable (due to considerable inflows from tourism and maritime transport), and the surplus has been used to cover the commodity balance deficit. However, the income from exported services was halved in 1991 due to the war, and the surplus in the balance of services fell accordingly, so that the goods and non-factor services balance recorded a deficit of 499 million US$. As the political and economic situation gradually improved in the course of 1992, exports of services were on the increase again while imports went down, with the resulting surplus in the balance of services ensuring a 560 million US$ surplus on the goods and non-factor services account. In the course of 1993 the goods and non-factor services account again showed a deficit due to a considerable deficit in the commodity trade amounting to 762 million US$. The measures taken to intensify exports of services, although successful especially in tourism, were not sufficient to cover the deficit on the commodity trade side.

An analysis of trade in goods shows that two thirds is realised with developed countries, with the European Community currently being the most important partner and absorbing cca 50% of total trade. Croatia's current most important foreign trading partners are Germany and Italy. The beginning of this decade saw a reduced volume of trade with Eastern European and developing countries. The same was true of trade with the republics of former Yugoslavia, although Slovenia still remains one of the

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Croatia's most important foreign trade partners.

The commodity structure of trade shows that finished textile products, footwear, wood processing, chemical and food products are the most important. An important volume of trade is also recorded in machine products and transport equipment, with shipbuilding dominating exports, and machines and vehicles dominating imports. Imports of oil and gas are also important. The most important changes recorded in the structure of trade in 1992 and 1993 are the fall in exports from shipbuilding due to increased risks, and the fall in imports of energy products due to a drastic decline in domestic economic activity.

II.2.(b) Balance of Payments

The most prominent features of current transactions in the balance of payments of the Republic of Croatia are: an adverse balance in commodity trade with foreign countries, net outflows due to interest payments, revenues exceeding expenditure in services, and a favourable balance on transfers. In the sector of lending activities and financial transactions, a considerable net outflow of capital was recorded in the course of 1990 and in the first half of 1991.

Developments in the Croatian balance of payments in 1992 reflected the overall developments in the economy of the country.

Favourable results were recorded in foreign trade, especially in imports and exports of goods, although the total volume of goods traded was much lower than in previous years.

A net inflow of foreign currency from private transfers was recorded, mostly due to increased purchases of cash by banks as the purchasing power of the population went down, but also due to the sale of socially-owned flats for cash, then to aid, gifts, and finally foreign remittances paid into foreign currency accounts held by citizens. The National Bank of Croatia started building its foreign currency reserves in 1992, while current foreign currency assets of business banks also increased. As all the foreign currency reserves that existed in former Yugoslavia remained deposited with the National Bank of Yugoslavia at the time of the demise of the federation, the Republic of Croatia started its monetary independence without any foreign currency reserves held by its centrai bank.

In the first nine month of 1993 there was a current account deficit of 75.7 million US$ on the balance of payments, while the same period of the previous year recorded a surplus of 331.1 million US$. The deficit was caused by an important adverse balance in the commodity trade, (see Annex 3)

The period under scrutiny saw revenues from services amount to 1,323 million US$, which was a 26% increase over the same period in the previous year. Expenses increased by 21% in the same period.

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Medium and long-term foreign loans used in the first nine months of 1993 amounted to 84.5 million US$, i.e. the increase over the same period in the previous year was cca 112%. Of the total amount lent, 88.2% was used to import equipment, only 3.8% to import materials and 7.8% was received in cash.

In regard to the medium and long-term foreign loans, 248.6 million US$ of principal came due for repayment in 1993. 151.8 million US$ was repaid, which is 51.5% more than the amount repaid in 1992. As 96.8 million US$ remained unpaid in 1993 and 384.2 million US$ remained unpaid in the previous years, the total overdue and unsettled amount equals 484.2 million US$.

The balance of capital transactions at the end of September 1993 indicated a net outflow of capital totalling 101.6 million USS as a result of large instalment payments rather than the use of medium and long-term loans.

II.2.(c) Foreign Debt of the Republic of Croatia

The foreign debt of the Republic of Croatia amounted to 2,548 million US$ on 30 September 1993. The debt maturity structure is relatively favourable, as 2,483.3 million US$ or 97.5% of the debt are medium and long-term loans, and 64.7 million US$ or 2.5% is a short-term loan due within a year.

Of the amount mentioned. 347.8 million US$ is owed to international financial institutions, 1,016 million to governments and government agencies and 1,184.2 million US$ to private creditors.

Of the amount owed to governments and government agencies, 690 million US$ in loans has been rescheduled and refinanced.

Of the amount owed to private creditors, 967.6 million US$ are refinanced loans to commercial banks.

The above should not be considered a final account of Croatian indebtedness as negotiations on the succession regarding assets and liabilities of former Yugoslavia have not yet been concluded.

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III. INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES OF THE FOREIGN TRADE SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

111.1 The Law on Foreign Trade Operations

The foreign trade system of the Republic of Croatia and its legal regulations stipulate the conditions, limitations and benefits of trading in goods and services with foreign countries, as well as stipulations regulating payments with foreign countries. As in any foreign trade system, the essence is in the measures - instruments to be applied in dealings with foreign countries. These measures have been elaborated in the Law on Foreign Trade Operations and in the appropriate by-laws.

Following the requirements of constitutional law, the Republic of Croatia took over the Law on Foreign Trade Operations from the legal system of former Yugoslavia, and the same law became effective as part of the legislation of Croatia on 7 October 1991.

The Law was not altered until November 1993, when the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia passed alterations and amendments to the Law, with the aim of introducing further liberalisation of imports into the Republic of Croatia.

The Company Law, passed by the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia in November 1993, derogated the stipulations of the Law on Foreign Trade Operations concerning the status of legal entities engaged in foreign trade as well as stipulations setting special requirements for those entities engaged in the same operations.

Foreign trade operations are defined as operations between legal entities with a registered office in the Republic of Croatia and legal entities with a registered office in a foreign country. These operations may be performed by legal and natural persons (traders, sole traders and companies) engaged in economic activity in accordance with the Company Law, i.e. provided they have been entered in the court register.

Ill.1.(a) Entities Engaged in Foreign Trade

All companies and traders prope.ly founded and registered in accordance with the Company Law may engage in foreign trade operations.

Earlier restrictions regarding special requirements when dealing in foreign trade and when registering for foreign trade operations have been abolished by the Company Law (Article 648 of the Comoany Law).

Foreign companies and traders (foreign persons') are subject to the same legal rreatment as domestic companies and persons in their operations in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

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Foreign persons may operate through companies founded abroad or through subsidiaries founded in Croatia in accordance with the Company Law.

Subsidiaries are founded in accordance with the general and specific provisions of the Company Law, and on condition of reciprocity.

The earlier obligation to found a foreign representative office in order to engage in operations in the Croatian market has been abolished (Article 648 of the Company Law).

ill.1.(b) Engaging in Business Activities in Foreign Countries

Croatian business people and their associations, banks, insurance ana reinsurance companies are free to engage in business activities in foreign countries either by founding companies, subsidiaries, business units and representative offices or by investing in foreign companies in accordance with the legal requirements of the country where the business activity is to take place.

The Law requires that a company wishing to engage in business operations in a foreign country must be entered in the register held by the Ministry of Economy. The Ministry will require data on the company founder, amount and sources of founders' equity, and data on the person responsible for operations in a foreign country. The founder is also required to submit a registration document, and articles of association or a charter, i.e. a legal document testifying to the legality of the company's operations abroad.

A company operating abroad is required to inform the founder of the results of its operations abroad, to send its annual report to the Domestic Payment Transfers Agency, and to transfer the profit earned abroad into the Republic of Croatia, unless it is being used for business purposes abroad.

The Law requires that a company operating abroad be deleted from the register if foreign regulations permanently prevent transfer of profits, if the company has to discontinue operations following the legal requirements of the country where it was founded, or if no transfer of profit to the Republic of Croatia has taken place in the course of the two years following the company foundation.

IIM.(c) Special Forms of Foreign Trade Operations

Foreign trade operations encompass not only import and export of goods and services, but also some special forms of foreign trade operations. According to the Law, special trade operations are especially long-term production co-operations, compensation deals with foreign countries and re-exporting arrangements with foreign countries.

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lll.1.(d) Long-term Production Co-operation

The Law allows domestic entrepreneurs to enter into contracts for long-term production co-operation with foreign persons. The contracts must be in writing and for a term not shorter than three years. The value of export transactions covered by the contract must be at least equal to the value of import transactions covered by the same contract.

At the same time, legal provisions on foreign exchange operations allow payments and collections on imports and exports of goods and services covered by a long-term co-operation contract to be made via a current account.

During any given year, debit or credit balances on the current account may not exceed 40% of the amount of goods and services delivered as imports and exports in the previous year.

All contracts on long-term production co-operation, as well as all alterations and amendments to these contracts, must be entered into the register kept at the Ministry of Economy, and the application for registration must be submitted not later than 30 days after the contract was signed.

It is the obligation of the Ministry to enter the contract into the register in the course of 30 days after the application was submitted. In cases where the contract has not been entered in the course of 30 days, it will nevertheless become valid 30 days after the registration term has expired.

Goods that are the object of a contract for long-term production co-operation, and fall under the regime of import-export quotas or licences, are not automatically exempt from quotas, but an approval for import or export will be issued by the Ministry and it will be valid as long as the contract has not expired. It must be pointed out that the principles of non-discrimination and national treatment were respected in this case, fallowing Articles I and III of GATT.

Ill.1.(e) Compensation Agreements with Foreign Countries

Compensation agreements with foreign countries are aeals involving exports of goods and services which are paid for by imports of goods and services of equal value. The deals are contracted with foreign entities in cases of exports to countries experiencing balance of trade difficulties, when no other form of collection for goods and services exported can be applied, and in cases of import of equipment to be used in production of goods to be later exported, when payment will be made by exports of goods produced on the equipment or Dy sen/ices rendered with the equipment being imported.

Compensation Oeais with foreign countries have to be accrovea by tne Ministry of Economy.

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Detailed stipulations regarding conditions of entering a compensation deal have oeen necessary in order to ensure collection for all exports of goods and services in foreign currency, which is of the utmost importance for the balance of payments of the country.

In practice, compensation deals are being given approval depending on the structure of goods imported and exported and their price and purpose, and are being carried out in accordance with general and specific foreign trade, foreign exchange and customs regulations. In other.words, the deals are not exempt from volume restrictions, customs duties, obligations to the central bank etc..

In the process of approving and carrying out compensation deals with foreign countries, the fundamental GATT principles of non-discrimination and national treatment of imported goods are being observeo.

Ill.1.(f) Re-export Agreements

Legal entities in the Republic of Croatia are allowed to purchase goods abroad with the intention of selling the same goods abroad, either directly or through temporary import of goods into Croatia and consecutive export. Such goods may be re-exported unchanged, or essentially changed or reworked. Re-export deals require the approval of the Ministry of Economy.

The Ministry will not approve a re-export deal only if it is suspected that the deal might violate international trade rules and principles of fair trading.

Ill.1.(g) Services in Foreign Trade Operations

The Law recognises the following services in foreign trade operations: completion of construction projects abroad, cession of construction projects in the Republic of Croatia to foreign entities, international cargo transport, international forwarding, catering and tourist services, agency and representation services, factoring services, attestation, etc.

Domestic entrepreneurs entering into contracts for construction projects abroad may purchase equipment needed for completion of the projects in the same foreign country, and import the same equipment freely into Croatia when the project has been completed or the equipment is no longer needed. Import duty will then be paid only on the non-depreciated asset value in accordance with the customs regulations of the Republic of Croatia.

Foreign entities may engage in construction projects in the Republic of Croatia, provided the engagement is a result of a public invitation for tenders in accordance with the regulations stipulating public auctions and invitations for public tenders in the Republic of Croatia.

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All contracts for construction projects to be completed abroad or by foreign entities in Croatia will be entered into a special register kept by the Ministry of Economy. Other services in foreign trade are performed freely, without obligation to report to authorities and in accordance with the contract entered into by the parties concerned.

Ill.1.(h) New Legal Requirements in Operations with Foreign Countries

New laws that are being gradually introduced in the Republic of Croatia, with the most important changes being laid down in the Company Law, will introduce changes in the field of trade, and especially in the field of transactions with foreign countries.

The new Law on Trade is being prepared and will set common criteria for trade transactions, either at home or abroad, thus abolishing the artificial division of trade into foreign and domestic, since all trade is a single economic activity.

Liberalisation and simplification of procedures in foreign trade transactions are the most important characteristics of the Draft Law concerning import-export deals. Unnecessary licences, approvals and register entries are being abolished for certain types of foreign trade contracts (construction contracts for projects completed abroad, cession of domestic construction contracts for projects to foreign entities, sales contracts from consignment stock, agency contracts etc.)

A foreign trade regime cannot but mirror the current development stage of the national economy and accompanying foreign trade policy. That is why the new legal framework being introduced in Croatia necessarily combines principles of free trade with drastically reduced levels of central administration intervention policies, i.e. new legislation is being adapted to the current development level of the Croatian economy. Another achievement of the new legal framework is the reduction of central administration bodies involved in the necessary regulation and monitoring of foreign trade transactions. The streamlining of operations should increase not only the effectiveness and transparency of necessary operations but also the legal protection offered to all those participating in transactions.

It is envisaged that the legal framework set for international trade in Croatia wiil change in the future in order to reflect the progress achieved in the process of transition and the development of the Croatian economy with its further integration into international trade. The role of the central administration will gradually be reduced, and the Trade Law stipulations concerning international dealings should be regarded as temporary solutions. This is particularly true of stipulations that were, of necessity, taken over from the old legislation.

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The following are the basic features of the new foreign trade legislation:

1) No special registration is required when engaging- either in import-export deals or in other business transactions with foreign countries. Trade is considered to be a single activity and is not divided into foreign and domestic trade, thus making special foreign trade regulation superfluous.

2) Detailed legal regulations are provided only for the foreign trade operations that are exempt from the general principle of free trade (compensation deals with foreign countries) as well as for transactions that have been given preferential treatment, such as long-term production cooperation, imports of equipment treated as foreign investment, imports of equipment purchased abroad in order to complete a construction project abroad, etc.

3) Licence requirements for re-export transactions are being abolished. Record keeping of agency and representation contracts entered into with foreign partners has also been abolished, and the Ministry of Economy does not require registration of services performed in foreign trade.

4) Procedures for starting up a company abroad are being simplified. Croatia must, like any other country, monitor the outflow of capital from the country, and that is why the Ministry of Finance has been given the authority to issue approvals for company start-ups abroad as well as for investments in foreign companies.

5) The Government of Croatia may, in cases it considers necessary, set quotas on imports and exports, but this measure has ceased to be its obligation, while the existing regulations view quotas as a measure aimed at protecting home industry.

6) Passing protective and other regulations that are in full compliance with the principles declared by GATT.

7) Acquisition and cession of the right of industrial property and know-how has ceased to be part of foreign trade legislation.

8) Regulation of temporary imports and exports of goods and regulation of import-export rights granted to citizens have been taken over from existing legislation.

9) Exports of goods and services will be enhanced by means of indirect instruments and measures incorporated in the economic and development policy, and only exceptionally will direct incentives, such as tax and customs refunds, be applied.

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lll.1.(i) Measures Against Unfair Trade Practices

Work on the Law on Competition and Monopolies is in progress.

The draft law deals with conditions prohibiting restraints on trade, exemptions, monopolistic practices, and abuses from dominant position and mergers.

The legal stipulations will apply to all private and public persons and legal entities engaged in business activities in the domestic market and to foreign persons, in case their actions have an impact on the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

Prohibitions incorporated in the law do not apply to export cartels.

Basic prohibitions incorporated in the law are the following:

General prohibition on prevention and restrictions of freedom of competition by means of contracts, agreements, and through actions agreed upon by companies or associations of companies;

Special cases include:

- direct or indirect price agreements, - division of market or supply sources. - tying arrangements, - limitations on production, sales or purchases, - limitations on or hindrance of research and innovation activities,

restrictions regarding access to the market or exclusion from trade imposed on companies that are not parties to agreements, co-ordinated actions or associations.

Exemptions from general ana specific Drohibitions are provided by:

A general clause (rule of reason) stipulating the means and terms of application in cases of non substantial restrictions and

Block exemptions selected following the example of the EEC regulations (contracts for exclusive and selective distribution, franchising, joint ventures, research and development)

Horizontal agreements and group boycotts aimed affixing prices and dividing the market by area or by buyer are Drohibited per se.

Monopolistic intentions and abuse of a dominant market position are prohibited

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The notion of market power is defined together with criteria for establishing its existence

A dominant market position is defined as existing in cases of market share exceeding 30%.

Special cases of aouse are defined within the proposed Law.

Mergers subject to prohibitioa are aiso defined within the proposed Law.

The Competition Protection Agency will be the body responsible for the implementation of the law, with the structure and operations of the Agency being defined by the Law on Competition and Monopolies.

III.2.(a) Evolution of Customs Tariff Regulation

The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia passed, by its decision effective from 8 October 1991, the Customs Law, the Law on Customs Tariff, the Law on Customs Administration and the Law on Free Zones, which, together with corresponding by-laws, constitute the legal framework of the system of customs protection in the Republic of Croatia.

Basic definitions incorporated in the Customs Law express elements of the independence of the Republic of Croatia, i.e. the regaining of responsibilities that were, in the previous period, transferred to the federal bodies of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

The Customs Tariff of the former SFRY was used until 15 January 1992, when the Customs Tariff of the Republic of Croatia became effective, following the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Croatia.

The Republic of Croatia has amended and altered the legal framework of the customs protection system inherited from the former SFRY, with a view to making the system compatible both with the contemporary customs regulations of developed countries and with its own specific needs. The new system should enhance the economic development of the Republic of Croatia and minimise the adverse effects of the current difficult economic and political circumstances.

The basic principles underlying the system of customs protection are the following:

a) free and unobstructed exchange of goods with restrictions strictly confined to protection of domestic production and market;

b) acceptance of all international contracts, agreements and other documents that are part of the system of customs and

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non-customs protection signed and ratified by the former SFRY, provided they are not in collision with the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and are not harmful to the economy or the market of the Republic of Croatia.

c) application of non-discriminatory solutions regarding regulation and monitoring of international transport of goods, objects and people, provided such solutions are common to global foreign trade practices and are related to establishing the customs base, customs obligation, customs clearance procedure, documents to be supplied in cases of imports, exports, or transit, and the definition of customs institutions incorporated in the customs system;

d) the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia constitutes a single customs area, and the system of customs protection is an integral part of the overall integrated system of protection of the economy and the market of the Republic of Croatia;

lll.2.(b) Customs Tariff Nomenclature, Types of Duties. General Description of the Customs Tariff Structure, Weighted Average Level of Duties on Main Customs Tariff Groupings

Imported goods are grouped in the Customs Tariff into 21 sections, 97 chapters, 1241 heading numbers, about 4700 sub-heading numbers and about 6600 H.S. codes, which are used to simplify the process of grouping and are oased on the International Convention on the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System and Explanatory Notes issued by the Council for Customs Cooperation in Brussels.

All goods and objects imported, entered or received in the customs area of the Republic of Croatia are liable for customs duty , unless the same Law or the Law on Customs Tariff stipulates otherwise. Customs payment liability and customs duty rate levels are set for protective purposes oniy.

The new tariff is intended for use in trade with the contracting parties of GATT ana with the signatories of the most favoured nation clause, i.e. the countries that apply the same clause to imports of goods of Croatian origin.

Nominal customs duty rates listed in the customs tariff range from 0 to 18%, which is a reduction on the customs duty rates applied in former SFRY, where the range was 0 to 25%. The distribution of the items in the 1992 Customs Tariff is given in Table 4.

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Table 4. Distribution of Customs Items

RANGE NUMBER OF ITEMS RELATIVELY

free to 5% 5551 83.17% 5% to 10% • 1097 16.44% 10% to 18% 26 0.39%

TOTAL 6674 100%

According to the customs tariff applied in 1991, the nominal domestic economy protection rate was cca 10%, with rates applied to raw materials and production materials being 8%, equipment rates being 13%, and consumer goods rates being over 17%. The 1992 Customs Tariff considerably decreased customs duty rates, especially in the raw materials sector where imports of 3599 items are free from duty. Mostly due to the structure of goods imported, the overall level of customs protection is relatively low as total imports consist of 62% raw materials and production materials, 2% equipment and 26% consumer goods.

The Customs Law offers a relatively large number of exemptions from customs duty payment, which also means that import dues are being lowered. The exemptions proposed are non-discriminatory. New amendments to the Customs Law have ^educed the number of exemptions from customs duty payments.

In addition to the import burden set by the customs tariff, protective measures also include import quotas, additional,supplementary, and compensation customs duties, preferential duties, seasonal duties, customs refunds, and special measures of customs protection.

TABLE 5.

SECTION

1 II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI

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CUSTOMS DUTY BURDEN ON IMPORTED GOODS IN %

UNWEIGHTED DUES

3.09 1.51 0.91 4.63 0.19 1.28 3.14 3.70 1.23 1.80 6.39 8.28 2.97 1.66 1.80 1.20 1.09 0.29 12.77 4.08 0

1991

3.94 1.68 0.91 3.78 0.20 1.59 3.66 3.48 1.24 1.74 6.17 9.43 3.04 1.66 1.83 1.21 1.38 0.13

12.77 4.01 0

WEIGHTED DUES 1992

4.05 1.52 0.91 4.56 0.20 1.65 3.31 3.49 1.24 1.90 5.95 9.44 2.97 1.66 1.91 1.21 1.37 0.21

12.77 4.12 0

1993 (1-11)

4.65 1.75 0.91 4.41 0.21 1.63 3.28 3.49 1.25 1.97 5.92 9.44 2.97 1.66 1.81 1.20 1.25 0.23

12.77 3.98 0

TOTAL 2.45 2.49 3.01 2.90

Criteria regarding import quotas are set by the Government of the Republic of Croatia in accordance with the goals of economic and developmental policy and are published in the Official Gazette. It is on the basis of these criteria that the Minister of Finance will permit imports of goods without any customs duty payment, or imports of goods with customs duty below the Customs Tariff Rate (quotas). Goods imported under the regime of quotas are not considered to be free imports.

If a foreign country importing goods of Croatian origin, aoes not apply to Croatian vessels or other means of transport and the same customs clearance procedure that it normally applies to goods, vessels and vehicles from other countries, the Croatian Minister of Finance is entitled to levy additional customs duty on goods imported from that country and to appiy a special customs clearance procedure.

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provided the measures do not run contrary to the international contract obligations. In case imports of the same goods are free, the Minister of Finance is entitled to order that a percentage of the value of goods be paid as customs duty.

If goods are imported at a price below the price quoted in the contract (as defined in Article 36 of the Customs Law), and if imports of the same goods may seriously harm the economy of the Republic of Croatia, additional customs duty will be levied, equal to the difference between the contracted price and the price actually paid for the goods imported.

In case of imports of goods from countries that have not entered into the contract containing the most favoured nation clause with the Republic of Croatia, or that do not observe the clause when importing goods from Croatia, the customs duty rate applied will be 75%.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia may, on the basis of reciprocity, either lower or increase the customs duties levied in case of such imports, or restrict imports and apply a certain customs duty rate in accordance with the stipulations of the Customs Law.

In case of imports of goods from developing countries, preferential customs rates may be set. Preferential customs duties will be levied on goods imported from certain countries, provided the value of the goods has been increased through industrial processing by at least 51%. These customs duty rates are set by the Government of the Republic of Croatia.

In cases where customs duties levied on certain agricultural produce do not ensure stable home production and a home market in accordance with the current price policy over a certain period of time, the Government of the Republic of Croatia may, following the proposal made by the Minister of Finance and after it has received the opinions of the Ministries of Agriculture and Economy, levy seasonal customs duties in addition to existing ones, although for a limited period of time. Seasonal customs duties thus levied may not exceed 30%.

In cases where imported goods are used in the production of domestic goods and services which are later exported, customs duties paid maybe refunded in part or fully. The Government of the Republic of Croatia will define the terms and modes of customs duty refunds.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia may, following a proposal by the Minister of Finance, and after it has obtained opinions from the Croatian Chamber of Commerce and from the Ministry of Economy, increase, decrease or abolish the currently applied customs duties. It may also levy a 15% customs duty on goods classified as "free" imports in the Customs Tariff, if it can be expected that the price of such goods will cause major disruptions in the home market, or that the goods will enable a company or another person to enjoy a monopolistic position or a monopolistic price in the market. Regulation thus passed can only be effective for a limited period of time, (special customs protection measures).

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A unified customs duty of 8% will be applied to goods imported by companies and other legal entities, if the goods are classified under more than two tariff numbers and their import is free. The same unified customs rate of 8% is levied on goods valued up to 500 US$, if the goods are brought or received from abroad by Croatian or foreign citizens, and will be used by them in their households, except if customs preferentials apply to the same goods or the customs tariff classifies the goods as "free" imports.

Ill.2.(c) Import Charges and Fees

All imported goods are charged at 1 % of the customs base for customs record keeping. The Government of the Republic of Croatia may stipulate which goods will be exempt from paying the charge. The aim of the customs record keeping fee is to provide funds for financing the modernisation of the Customs service.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia may, in order to ensure that the balance of payments reflects the Governments development and economic policy proclaimed for the period, levy a special provisional tax on imports of certain goods. The Government of the Republic of Croatia will decide which goods and groups of goods will be taxed, what the tax level will be, and how long the tax will be levied.

An equalising charge as part of import taxation, that was levied within the protective measures introduced in the Republic of Croatia in the course of 1991 ana 1992, was abandoned in 1993.

A special fee is levied on imports of agricultural and food products in order to protect home agricultural production. The fee is levied on goods listed in the Decision taken every year.

The impact of the above-mentioned fees and charges may be measured by the range of the total burden on goods imoorted, including both customs duties ana non-custom fees in each section of the Customs Tariff (with the exception of agricultural products).

Ill.2.(d) Taxation Regime

Sales tax rates levied on gooas and services traded in the market within the Republic of Croatia ao not create a price aifference between goods of foreign origin as opposed to domestic goods.

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lll.2.(e) Tariff Preferences

Preferential customs duties were levied in the course of 1991, 1992, and 1993 following Article 51 of the Customs Law of the Republic of Croatia and the Decision on preferential customs duties and non-payment of other import dues on goods imported from certain developing countries, from republics of former Yugoslavia ( 'free" customs rate in case of reciprocity in preferential treatment of all goods), Bosnia and Hercegovina, Macedonia and Slovenia, as well as on goods from the Republic of Tunisia, the Republic of Turkey, the Republic of Uruguay and from Spain ( for certain goods included in the preferential list attached to the Decision).

Ill.2.(f) Non-tariff Measures Applied to Imports and Exports of Goods

lll.2.(f).1 Quotas

Imports and exports of goods are free. In case of exceptional circumstances, the Law provides for the possibility of introducing or imposing quantity limitations, i.e. quotas on imports and exports of goods applied for a limited period of time. The purpose of quotas is to protect domestic production and to support the development policy of certain key economic sectors.

Quotas as a means of regulating imports and exports had to be used because of limitations present in the national economy and with a view to enabling domestic business organisations to enter international trade with the support of specific Government measures. The Government of Croatia will, therefore, decide on the list of goods to be included in the quota regime, on the level of quotas, on the dynamics of import and export and on the terms of quota allocation at the end of each year.

The Chamber of Commerce is responsible for the allocation of quotas and is obliged to inform all interested parties of the venue and date of the quota allocation. Information should reach the interested parties not later than eight days before the allocation procedure takes place.

The Law considers quotas to be measures that are non-discriminatory against third countries. Quotas are autonomous and global, i.e. they apply to all goods irrespective of the origin of those goods or the exporting country. The whole system of quotas is set up and applied in accordance with the GATT regulations, Articles XIII and XVIII in particular.

Import quotas are set for a limited number of agricultural products, some food products, iron, steel and machine industry products, cement, as well as artificial textile fibres and fabrics. (See Annex 3, Table A3.22)

In the Republic of Croatia only 203 items (or 3%) on a list of 6674 tariff items are affected by import quotas, so that 97% of goods are imported freely.

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Any existing quantitative restrictions will gradually be removed depending on the following factors: the restoration of war damaged areas; the advancement of the process of reconstruction; and the further implementation of a market economy including the process of restructuring the Croatian economy.

Ill.2.(f).2 Licences

Import and export licences are applied for the purpose of fulfilling international contracts and agreements, monitoring import and export of historical and artistic artifacts, certain precious metals, and arms and military equipment.

Licences are issued by the Government body responsible for foreign trade, and they are used for import and export of goods up to a certain value or quantity, with transactions under licences completed in a given period of time.

The current licences regime in the Republic of Croatia is applied to foreign trade transactions involving substances damaging the ozone layer according to the Montreal Convention, unprocessed gold and silver, coins and securities, arms and ammunition, narcotics, historical works and art works.

Ill.2.(g) Customs Valuation

The customs base of goods wnl be valued according to Articles 36-48 of the Customs Law of the Republic of Croatia. These Articles are fully in accordance with the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VII of the GATT.

Principles of customs valuation are explained in Article 36 (imports of goods) and Article 37 ( exports of goods).

Article 36 (1) stipulates that the customs base, on wnich rates set by the customs tariff are applied, is the value of goods. The value of goods representing the customs base is the contract price (transactional value). The contract price is the actual price paid, or the price to be paid, for goods purchased in order to be imported nto Croatia (Article 36 (2). The same Article (36 (3)) defines the contract price usea as the customs base on which the customs tariff rates are applied, as follows:

(1) it includes all costs and other expenses connected with the sale and delivery of goods to any port or place of entry into the customs area of the Republic of Croatia (Article 2);

(2) it excludes all costs, fees and cnarges collected in tne customs area of the ReDublic of Croatia;

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(3) there are no restrictions for buyers regarding the right to dispose of or use the goods, apart from restrictions imposed by Croatian regulations prohibiting resale to third countries, and there are no restrictions that affect the value of goods only marginally;

(4) the sales contract should not contain terms or obligations which cannot be valued in relation to the value of goods cleared through customs;

(5) sellers may expect no direct or indirect profit from the resale, disposal of or use of the goods;

(6) there are no business connections between buyers and sellers, and if there are, their trade, financial or other connections have had no impact on the contract price.

Ill.2.(h) Rules of Origin

If the payment of import duties depends on the country of origin, then the goods are said to have originated from a particular country if:

1. the goods are completely produced in that country, or if the value of the imported goods in the respective country has been increased by at least 51%;

2. the headquarters of the foreign company with which there are direct and mutual business dealings is located in that country and the payment for the goods is made within that country; and if

3. the conditions are met for defining the origin of goods according to the respective EEC regulations.

An increase in the value of goods is not acceptable if it is the result of added costs due to sorting, measuring, packing, marking or labelling, classification, assembly, disassembly, sampling or similar actions.

For the importation of combined machines, devices, appliances and transport devices (as listed under the sections XVI, XVII and XVIII of the import duties) that are connected or joined in such a way as to constitute an integral unit or if they are units of units that have more than One function, then the unit will be considered to originate from the country in which the components that represent the basic characteristics have been manufactured and whose value represents at least 51 % of the value of the imported unit.

The origin of imported goods is established through documents that were issued or verified by authorised bodies or institutions of the country from which the goods were exported.

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lll.2.(i) Customs Formalities

Customs clearance consists of : receipt of customs declaration, inspection of goods, classification of goods according to the customs and other tariffs, calculation of the customs base, calculation of the amount of customs duty to be paid, and collection of the calculated amount of customs duty.

Detailed regulations regarding the content and form of the customs declaration, the means of submission, and the documents to be enclosed with the declaration will be stipulated by the head official of the Customs Administration.

The customs office is obliged to calculate and collect customs duty after it has terminated the inspection of goods. A person submitting goods for customs clearance may only dispose of the goods after he or she has paid customs duty to the customs office where the customs declaration was submitted. Provided that a Customs Guarantee is submitted to the office, a person may be granted a five day period in order to pay the import duties.

Goods, that are imported, entered or received into the country, are liable for customs duty payment from the day on which the goods crossed the customs line. The amount of customs duty payable for goods liable for customs duty payment will be established according to the condition of the goods and in accordance with the regulations applied to the goods concerned on the day on which the customs declaration was submitted.

ill.2.(j) Standards and Certification

The Republic of Croatia has, after severing administrative and legal links with former Yugoslavia, passed a law which takes over the law on standardisation and has declared it the national law (Official Gazette 53/91) thus filling the gap existing in the Standards and Certification sector. Following this decision, both the law on standardisation and all by-laws on the application of the same law came into force in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.The same decision also included 13.000 JUS standards and all the regulations concerning certification.

The above mentioned laws were prepared for the whole territory of former Yugoslavia, so they do not correspond with the needs and possibilities of the Croatian economy. This is the reason why work on new standardisation legislation was initiated as soon as the Republic of Croatia was recognised as an independent country.The new Law on standardisation and the accompanying by-laws should create a legal framework appropriate for the new standardisation system that will mirror the possibilities and needs of Croatia and will help pave its integration into international economic systems.

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It is anticipated that the application of new Croatian standards will be optional to a large extent, as opposed to the existing system of JUS standards, which are obligatory in over 50% of cases.

Another important feature of the new Croatian standards is that they will be harmonised with international and, above all,European standards and directives, either through direct application of these standards or by preparation of Croatian standards following the same model whenever possible.

The attestation system will also be based on the European model with a view to facilitating entry into bilateral and multilateral intergovernmental agreements on mutual recognition of test results.

Following the developments in the field of quality assurance in Europe and in the world, the new system of quality assurance introduced in Croatia will be compatible with the international standards of the ISO 9000 series ( i.e. corresponding European standards EN 29000), and with the system of authorization of testing laboratories and certification bodies established on the European standards of the 45000 series.

111,2.(k) Organisation of Inspection Services at Border Crossings of the Republic of Croatia

Following the Decision on Border Crossings taken by the Government of the Republic of Croatia on 7 October 1991, the Republic of Croatia took responsibility for all operations and services that are performed on border crossings together with customs operations, and operations related to control of exports,imports and transit of goods. The following foreign trade inspection services are included: veterinary, phytopathological, sanitary, and quality control. These services are performed in accordance with the regulations taken over from the former Yugoslav system.

As there have been no major changes in the organisation of the above mentioned services, most former federal service employees have also continued to perform the same duties in the service of the Republic of Croatia.

The above mentioned border inspection officers perform their duties according to the national laws and regulations, while at the same time observing international bilateral and multilateral agreements and conventions. Veterinary control is, for instance, being performed following the bilateral agreements of the authorities of the Republic of Croatia and of the Republic of Hungary by which two international road and two rail border crossings have been agreed, while the border control regime with the Republic of Slovenia is based on the preliminary agreement of the national veterinary authorities, as the international convention has yet to be signed. The same

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solutions have been applied to phytopathological control. Sanitary inspection, which has the task of performing health and hygiene control on food products in accordance with regulations on health and hygiene conditions of food products, performs its duties in part directly at border crossings, i.e. upon entry into the Republic of Croatia, and in part at specialised institutions within the country.

Product quality control in foreign trade transactions applies to most agricultural produce and food products. The list of products subject to quality control is established by the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, with export product control being performed by authorised organisations, and import product control by border crossing market inspection.

The purpose of product quality control is to protect domestic consumers, and in case of export product quality control, to protect foreign buyers and to safeguard the country's reputation abroad.

III.3. Export Regulations

III.3.(a) Customs Tariff Nomenclature, Types of Duties, General Description of the Customs Tariff Structure, Weighted Average Level of Duties on Main Customs Tariff Groupings

The customs tariff currently applied in the Republic of Croatia is a one-column tariff. As there have been no export duties in the customs practices of the Republic of Croatia to date, the Customs Law provides a possibility of introducing export duties in Article 34 (2), which authorises the Government of the Republic of Croatia to impose export customs duties on certain products in extraordinary circumstances and for reasons of protection.

Ill.3.(b) Rules of origin for Croatian goods

Regulations within the Republic of Croatia stipulate which goods are of Croatian origin. The following goods are considered to be wholly derived from the Republic of Croatia:-

1) raw materials and minerals extracted from its soil or seabed;

2) vegetable products harvested there;

3) live animals inseminated and raised there;

4) products derived from live animals there;

5) products obtained by fishing or hunting conducted there;

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6) products of sea fishing and other products taken from the sea by its vessels or made aboard its factory ships exclusively from these products;

7) used articles collected in Croatia fit for the recovery of raw materials;

8) waste and scrap resulting from manufacturing operations conducted in Croatia;

9) goods produced in Croatia exclusively from the products specified in (1 ) to (8) above.

Goods produced in Croatia from imported goods are also considered as goods of Croatian origin, provided their main characteristics have been changed to a large extent during the process of production. This means that finished goods fall under a tariff heading or item different from that of goods used in the process of production, or, that the value of imported inputs does not exceed 50% of the total value of the finished goods or the percentage required by the preferential-giving country.

It must be pointed out that operations such as packing, re-packing, sorting, classification, labelling, marking etc. are not considered to be operations changing the main characteristics of goods to any considerable extent. Consequently, importea goods on which the above operations have been performed are not considered to be goods of Croatian origin.

Certificates of the Croatian origin of goods are issued by the Croatian Chamber of Commerce (Form A, Certificate of Origin, Certificate of Origin for Textile Products) and the Customs authority (EUR 1. and EUR 2.), following a written request submitted by the exporter and a written statement by the producer certifying that the goods are of Croatian origin.

III.4 Incentives for Exports of Goods and Services

The Law of Foreign Trade Operations contains provisions aimed at providing incentives for exports of goods and services from the Republic of Croatia. The most important incentives applied are the policy of a free domestic currency exchange rate coupled with measures of economic and overall development policy. The possibility of introducing export incentives in the form of tax, customs and other refunds is also being considered.

Direct and indirect export subsidies, aimed at increasing exports of any product, are not included in the system of protection for the Republic of Croatia.

The only measures of active protection regarding exports are the customs and other refund instruments mentioned earlier.

III.4.(a) Protective Measures

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The inherited Law on Foreign Trade Operations envisages the possibility of introducing temporary protective measures in the case of disruptions in foreign trade transactions and in the balance of payments of the Republic of Croatia.

The following measures may be introduced: conditionally free import of some or all kinds of goods, restrictions on imports of goods by natural persons etc.

The foreign trade operations of a country are considered disrupted if exports and foreign exchange inflows are below the levels forecasted for an uninterrupted period of more than 90 days, i.e. if the level of foreign currency reserves is below the value of imports realised over two and a half months. Temporary measures must be of limited duration, i.e. cannot be applied for a period longer than six months.

The Law also envisages that protective measures may also be introduced in the case of unexpected, massive increases of exports or imports of certain goods or in cases where import-export conditions cause disruptions in the domestic market, endanger the process of supplying the domestic market or threaten to damage the process of production or trading in the Republic of Croatia.

The above-mentioned measures may only be applied while the disruptions are taking place or until the damage has been repaired.

The Law also envisages the possibility of protective measures being introduced in cases where the procedures applied cause damage or possible damage to domestic producers because of imports of goods at dumping prices, i.e. prices below market price, and also in cases where subsidies or export premiums are granted directly or indirectly in the country of origin of goods or in the country exporting certain goods.

Protective measures include: introduction of anti-dumping fees and levying of additional customs duty.

The application of the above mentioned measures is in accordance with the GATT stipulations concerning antidumping and additional customs duties (Article VI of GATT).

It has to be pointed out that the Republic of Croatia has not applied any of the protective measures since its independence, although it was not a GATT member and did not have the formal obligation to inform the member countries of its intention to introduce any of the protective measures. The Republic of Croatia has committed itself not to use these "inherited" protective measures and this is reflected in the new Trade Law which is in the final stages of being presented to the Parliament for ratification.

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III.5 Regulations on Trade in Transit

Transit of goods through the customs area of the Republic of Croatia is regulated by Articles 275-281 of the Customs Law. Detailed stipulations concerning different forms of transit transport are given in separate Articles dealing with rail, road, sea, waterways, and air transport, and also in Articles dealing with despatch of goods to another customs office for customs clearance.

In the case of goods being in transit through the customs area of the Republic of Croatia, a carrier is required to submit transit documents to the customs office where the goods enter Croatia. It is the duty of the customs office of entry to inspect the goods and vehicles in transit and to send the goods with an escort to the customs office of exit.

It is prohibited to have goods in transit through customs area of Croatia if imports of the same gooas into Croatia are prohibited.

The carrier is responsible for carriage of goods to the customs office of exit, where the documents of transit, issued by the customs office of entry, should be submitted.

The customs office of exit will check the data in the customs and other documents accompanying the goods in transit, as well as customs marks and, if necessary, compare the condition of the goods and vehicles with the customs documents accomoanying the gooas.

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IV. OTHER POLICIES AFFECTING FOREIGN TRADE

IV. 1 Industrial Policy

The industrial policy applied in the period before 1991 reflected the regional character of the Croatian economy, viewed as a part of a larger economic area. The industrial policy was directed to specific economic sectors ( agriculture, the export sector, and especially the- export of capital goods). To achieve the goals of the industrial policy, monetary policy instruments were used (selective central bank loans and loans from specialised para-budgetary funds granted at interest rates below market rates), together with fiscal policy instruments (tax reliefs and exemptions, subsidies, premiums etc.).

In addition to this, the former state administration influenced investments into infrastructure projects on both local and federal levels by channelling foreign loans and by capital transfers from the public funds. The pricing policy in the sector of infrastructure products and services was another instrument used to indirectly subsidise consumption within certain economic sectors.

Most industrial policy interventions were used to alleviate the consequences of declining overall economic activity, while a negligible number of interventions were aimed at encouraging growth and regeneration of industry. Another important point was the fact that interventions focused mostly on large companies,while incentives for the development of small ana meaium-sized companies were almost non-existent.

This system of interventions was aoanacnea in the period after 1991.

As present competitive advantages are underdeveloped both at the level of companies and industries and at the level of the national economy, it is imperative to initiate the process of competitive development. Since this process cannot gain momentum in underdeveiopeo markets, i.e. with underdeveloped market infrastructure and entrepreneurial skills, specific intervention is needed. In other words, an explicit ana consistent inaustnal policy aaaotea to the neeas of an open market economy is -eauirea.

This is the reason why inaustnai ccncy will be gearea towaras encouraging the creation of suojecrs offering market infrastructure services or stimulating their development as well as supporting the development of activities, such as research ana development, professional training ana eaucation of managers ana workers without special preferences offered to any industry.

Strategic cecisions regaraing investments ana Cismvestments in infrastructures ana in other projects c: national importance will be coorcinatea by means of a consensus reacnea by ail mterestea cames ana basea en a sociai cost-benent analysis.

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The necessary preconditions for the implementation of the presented approach are as follows:-

an operational system of continuous monitoring of the level of competitiveness achieved on the micro, mezzo and macro level should be put in place as the basic prerequisite for an effective industrial policy;

conceptualisation and creation of an appropriate legislative and institutional framework to encourage competition;

designing of a legislative and institutional framework required to encourage mobility of the factors of production:

streamlined intervention at the root of the problem of lagging competitiveness (investments in creation and diffusion of technological and managerial knowledge), and abandoning of compensation for the consequences of lagging competitiveness;

use of direct interventions (subsidies) only exceptionally within the process of restructuring, with clear conditions and time limits.

IV.1.(a) Industrial Property

In order to create a legal framework for industrial property, the Republic of Croatia has taken over the former federal Law on Protection of Inventions, Technical Innovations and Trade Marks (Official Gazette 53/91) which was effective on the federal level until 8 October 1991. The Law was passed in 1981, and it was amended and altered twice during 1990 with a view to reaching full compliance with the basic principles of the previously mentioned international conventions (Annex 3). The law deals with the following categories of industrial property: patents, trade marks for goods and services, models and samples as well as marks of origin on goods. The entire text of the Law of 1981 and the two amendments of 1990 were published in the magazine "Industrial Property", WIPO, double issue July/August 1990.

The Republic of Croatia passed the Law on Industrial Property on 2 April 1992. While the essence of the old law was transferred intact, final and transitional stipulations deal with the rights of industrial property that were required or allocated by the former Federal Patent Bureau.

It should be pointed out that the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia in Article 134 stipulates that international agreements made, confirmed and published, constitute part of the national legal system of the Republic of Croatia, and supersede national laws.

Following widespread practice, the 1990 Law stipulated in Article 50 and 51,

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that patents lapse after 20 years, and trademarks after 10 years, but that they can be renewed an unlimited number of times, while a model and a sample rights last 10 years from the day on which the application was made.

Registered marks of origin of products have an unlimited life.while a person entered into the register of users of registered marks of origin of goods becomes the authorised user on the day of registration, and may use the mark for a period of five years. The same right may be renewed for an unlimited number of five-year periods upon request by the authorised user..

Articles 130 to 138 of the above-mentioned law deal with transfers of and licences for industrial property rights, and Articles 139-144 deal with mandatory and official licences.

In case one of the parties to the contract of acquisition and cession of industrial property rights and know-how is a foreign legal entity or natural person, legal framework is provided by Chapter VIII, Articles 68 to 73 of the Law on Foreign Trade Operations.

The Republic of Croatia has not yet passed a law on integrated circuits (including semi-conductors) and is not a member of the Washington agreement on integrated circuits.

It is the intention of the State Patent Bureau to initiate in 1994 the drafting of new, separate laws covering the field of industrial property rights, both for patents and for trade marks (marks for goods and services, design, marks of origin of goods),and to introduce the category of a utility model. The work would be completed in close consultation with, and following the expert opinion of WIPO ( World Intellectual Property Organisation), EPO (The European Patent Organisation),as well as a certain number of national patent bureaus in Europe. In the course of drafting the new patent law, the issue of Croatian membership in the Patent Cooperation Treaty and in the European Patent Organisation will be discussed and dealt with.

The Republic of Croatia is also actively participating in the process of harmonisation of rights regarding the issue of marks for goods and services under the auspices of the WIPO. The activities in progress include a recent meeting of experts in the field in Geneva and the preparatory meeting for a diplomatic conference scheduled for October 1994.

The Republic of Croatia is also carefully following the activities concerning the current Protocol of the Madrid Agreement on International Registration of Marks, which has so far been ratified by Spain only.

In the field of design, models and samples, a Croatian delegation will be oresent as an observer at the fourth meeting of the Council of Experts in Geneva in early 1994. Drafting a revised Hague Agreement on international registration of industrial samples and models will be on the agenda.

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As for the marks of origin of goods, a Croatian representative took part in October 1993 in the international symposium discussing the issue, held under the auspices of WIPO and the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Portugal, with a view to obtaining relevant documentation and completing a comparative analysis with a number of other countries in order to prepare the new law in the field of industrial property.

The Republic of Croatia is party to:

The Convention on the founding of the World Intellectual Property Organisation; The Paris Convention on Industrial Property Protection; The Madrid Agreement on International Registration of Marks; The Nichan Agreement on International Classification of Goods and Services for Trade Mark Registration: The Locarno Agreement on International Classification of Industrial Samples and Models.

Croatian membership in the above listed bodies is based on the declaration deposited with the WIPO on the 29 July 1992 which became effective retroactively on 8 October 1991, i.e. from the day of independence of the Republic of Croatia.

The above-mentioned international treaties and agreements were published in the Decision on Publication of Multilateral International Treaties which the Republic of Croatia is party to following the notification on succession (Official Gazette -International Treaties. No 12)93) in Paragraph 1, Item 8,9,10,1 Land 12.

IV.1.(b) Copyright and Related Rights

The Republic of Croatia became party to the Berne Convention for protection of literary works and works of art, which was revised in Paris in 1971. Croatian membership became effective on 8 October 1991 following the declaration deposited with the WIPO under no 141 on 29 July 1992 and published in the WIPO magazine 'Copyright" of September 1992.

Computer software programs are protected in the Republic of Croatia by Copyright Law, Article 3 Paragraph 2, amended in 1990.The Republic of Croatia, a member of the former Yugoslav Federation, took over the federal Copyright Law of 1978, which had been amended and altered in 1986 and 1990, and amended and altered the former federal law by the national law passed in 1993. Texts of the laws of 1978, 1986, and 1990 were published in the above-mentioned WIPO magazine in April 1986 and in February 1991.

Databases may be protected following Article 4 of the Copyright Law if they meet the terms for "compilation" protection in accordance with Article 2, Paragraph 5 of the Berne Convention.

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Article 31 of the Copyright Law gives authors of computer programs and films not only all economic rights, but also the distribution rights including exclusive rental rights. The Copyright Law, however, has not yet included the rights of phonogram producers.

The Copyright Law also deals with the rights of performers in the stipulations of the 1990 law. Article 99e of the amended legal text stipulates that performers have the right to authorise the recordings «and broadcasts of their live performances.

Article 99n of the Copyright Law stipulates that performers' rights are protected for a period of 20 years, which is in accordance with Article 14 of the Rome Convention. As already mentioned, the rights of phonogram producers have not yet been included in the Copyright Law.

The Republic of Croatia has, however, initiated the process of drafting a new Copyright Law and related laws, where the stipulations of the EC directive on the above-mentioned rights will be incorporated.

IV.2 Agricultural Policy

!V.2.(a) System of Subsidies in Agricultural Production

The system of partial retunds cf interest en special loans in agriculture was abolished at the end of 1993.

At the same time, the system of bonuses for certain groups of agricultural proauce amounting to a certain percentage of the guaranteed price has been maintained.

The funaing of the system of bonuses is acnieved through the State budget.

IV.2.(b) System of Guaranteed Prices

The instrument of guaranteed prices for oasic agricultural produce is a specific technique used for protecting producers (the law stipulates that the contract and sales prices of these products may not be below the guaranteed price) and as a method of maintaining the interest of producers in continuous increases of production levels in the field of agriculture

The Government of the Repuonc of Croatia establisnes the list of agricultural produce with guaranteed prices as weil as the level of these prices. Guaranteed prices are usually set for wheat, corn, sugar beet, sunflower, soyaoean. raoe, raw tobacco. raw milk, fattened bullocks, heifers and pigs.

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IV.2.(c) Special Fees on imports of Agricultural and Food Produce (surtax)

The law on special fees on imports of agricultural and food produce has provided a system of special fees and surtaxes, i.e.instruments applied to ensure the stability of agricultural and basic food production in the domestic market.

The special fee represents the difference between the average price of agricultural and food products that are produced in the domestic market and the import price increased by the amoucit of the import duty, and other import charges together with the recognised import costs.

Due to the obvious insufficiencies of the existing system of defining the special fees a new legal framework is being preoared with the aim of changing the existing system of protecting agricultural products and reducing the number of products that are exposed to special fees (surtax).

IV.3 Financial, Budgetary and Fiscal Policy

IV.3.(a) Taxation Regime

The taxation system implemented in the Republic of Croatia in the course of 1991,1992 and 1993 was based on the following: tax on personal income, tax on profits and capital gains, tax on wages and salaries, contributions from gross salaries for health care and retirement benefits, tax on property, tax on purchases of goods and services, and fees on imports of goods and services.

As part of the changes introduced in the economic system, the taxation system has also been undergoing alterations with a view to harmonising it with the systems in the developed European countries. Thus the following laws have been passed:

- Personal Income Tax Law ( with dual tax rates: 25% and 35%) and - Profit Tax Law ( single tax rate of 25%)

Both laws become effective on 1 January 1994.

The process of replacing the current system based on turnover tax by a value added tax - VAT - is in progress, together with a number of other tax and fiscal charges adjustments. The law on the allocation of public revenues between the Republic of Croatia and the local units of administration and self-government is also being prepared.

Important institutional changes have taken place, with the former Social Accounting Service being reorganised into a number of different institutions since May 1993. The most important new institutions are the Domestic Payment Transfer Agency with the National Bank of Croatia, and The Financial Inspectorate with the Ministry of

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Finance). The new tax administration will be operational as part of the new administrative and territorial state administration system from 1 January 1994 with the responsibility to apply the uniform tax system, to collect tax revenues and to effect regular control of all public revenues.

IV.3.(b) Budgetary Policy

The Government of the Republic of Croatia has had to face full fiscal responsibility together with all the other challenges shared by countries in transition ( a fall in economic activity and employment, inadequate tax system, huge public sector, institutional deficiencies, poor budget deficit financing and public expenditure management). In addition to this, Croatia has had to deal with priorities such as defence and security, financing the needs of refugees and displaced persons, a general social program and reconstruction of areas and infrastructure destroyed in the war.

Additional expenses have been incurred by servicing public debt, subsidising the rail transport service and agriculture, supporting local utilities financially, and covering the increased expenses in the health care and retirement benefits funds. The above enumerated elements caused a sudden increase on the expenses side, which had to be covered by increasing fiscal pressures in order not only to ensure an adequate level of Government budget revenues but also to keep the budget deficit within manageable limits.

The implementation of the 1993 stabilisation program relied heavily on accepted budgetary policy geared towards consolidation and maintenance of a balanced Government budget. As both the current domestic situation and the foreign environment became increasingly difficult, current efforts at introducing reforms and changes have focused on monitoring the process of allocating priority expenses (defence and security, social program, renovation of war damage), reducing some of the expenses, avoiding entering new obligations, and introducing a still more stringent control of current expenses. It is believed that strict application of these policies will create the prerequisites for future gradual tax decreases and for an effective economic revival and recovery. This is why a considerable share of Government budget expenditure will be tied to the process of company restructuring and bank rehabilitation as part of the stabilisation program.

Parallel actions are being taken to improve and transform the way public expenditures are managea.

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IV.4. Foreign Exchange System and Exchange Rate Policy

IV.4.(a) Law on the Foundations of the Foreign Exchange System, Foreign Exchange Operations and Gold Trading

The new Law on the Foundations of the Foreign Exchange System, Foreign Exchange Operations and Gold Trading became effective on 19 October 1993. The Law incorporates a very high level of liberalisation of the foreign exchange system, especially concerning the following: •

organisation and functioning of the foreign exchange market; dependence of the exchange rate of the home currency on the demand and supply of foreign currencies; payments on current transactions with foreign countries; and liberalisation of foreign currency transactions involving domestic legal entities and natural persons.

The foreign currency market consists of all sales and purchases of foreign currency among authorised banks, between authorised banks and the National Bank of Croatia, and between authorised banks and other legal entities. The law provides for the possibility of organising a foreign currency exchange. The exchange rate of the domestic currency into foreign currency is determined freely on the foreign currency market depending on the level of demand and supply of foreign currencies.

Payment operations with foreign countries are completed either in convertible foreign currencies or in the national currency of the Republic of Croatia (via non-resident accounts held with banks authorised to enter transactions with foreign countries).

Domestic legal entities are entitled to keep the foreign currency earned in exports and imports of goods and services, or in any other way, and to use it to pay for imports of goods and services as well as for other payments on current transactions with foreign countries , or to sell it to the authorised banks and receive the equivalent in domestic currency.

IV.4.(a).1 Internal Home Currency Convertibility

Domestic legal entities are free to purchase unlimited amounts of foreign currency in the foreign currency market. The amounts purchased may only be used for payments on current transactions abroad, and not for deposits in foreign currency accounts.

All payments on current transactions with foreign countries are free.

Repatriation of capital is free provided a foreign investor transfers profit earned

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from investments in the Republic of Croatia, if capital earned by a foreign investor is the proceeds of the sale of shares after his investment has been discontinued, and finally, if profit has been earned on construction projects executed by a foreign company in the Republic of Croatia (after covering all legal and financial obligations in Croatia).

Foreign legal entities inheriting foreign currency in the Republic of Croatia are free to transfer the inheritance abroad, provided the conditions of reciprocity are met.

Domestic natural persons are also free to purchase foreign exchange or foreign currency cash at the authorised banks. Domestic natural persons are free to hold foreign currency in their foreign currency accounts or savings account with authorised banks. Domestic natural persons are free to use foreign currency at their disposal to pay for goods and services, and for other payments abroad, as well as for legal payments in the Republic of Croatia.

Domestic natural persons are free to withdraw foreign currency from their accounts and savings deposits, and to sell it to authorised banks or exchange offices.

A domestic natural person is reauired to obtain special permission in case of transfer of capital abroad.

Foreign natural persons and legal entities may hold foreign currency accounts and domiciled currency accounts in the authorised banks in the Republic of Croatia, provided the funds have been legally earned.

Foreign persons are free to use tne funds in their accounts in the Republic of Croatia for transfers and payments abroad, for payments in the Republic of Croatia, and are free to withdraw cash from the account. Special permission is needed in the case of deposits in cash in the foreign currency accounts held by foreign legal entities.

IV.4.(a).2 Domestic Currency Exchange Rate

All purchases and sales of foreign exchange ana foreign currency cash will take place in the foreign exchange market.

The excnange rate of domestic currency in relation to foreign currencies is determined freely on the basis of demana and supply and with inter-currency relations existing in foreign markets taken into account. The banks are required to publish the daily exchange rates at which they buy and sell foreign currency. The National Bank of Croatia monitors the exchange rates used in the buying and selling transactions of authorised banks. The National Bank of Croatia is obliged to establish and publish the daily exchange rate at which it buys and sells foreign currency within the scope of its operations.

The National Bank of Croatia wiii. !n order to maintain tne stability of the home

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currency and to meet the goals of the current monetary and foreign exchange policy, intervene in the foreign currency market by engaging in sales and purchases of foreign currencies through auctions for the time being.

IV.4.(b) Law on Credit Relations with Foreign Countries

The basic features of the Law. on Créait Relations with Foreign Countries are as follows:

- banks, companies and other legal entities may take loans from foreign countries, grant loans to foreign partners, and issue guarantees for the account of domestic and foreign entities; - lending and borrowing abroad may be done in one's own name and for one's own account, or in one's own name but for somebody else's account; - only banks authorised to operate in foreign countries may enter into lending and borrowing arrangements in foreign countries; - loans received from international financial institutions have to oe ratified in the Croatian Parliament if a Government guarantee is required.

The Law on the National Bank of Croatia stipulates that the central bank may enter into foreign borrowing arrangements in its own name ana for its own account in order to maintain the liquidity of its foreign payments.

The National Bank of Croatia may take foreign loans with repayment periods longer than a year and loans for the account of the Republic of Croatia only if a special legal act has been passed for this purpose.

All foreign loans taken and granted will be registered with the National Bank of Croatia.

IV.4.(c) The Relationship of Croatia with the International Monetary Fund

Croatia became a member of the International Monetary Fund on 14 December 1992 following the model of partial succession.

The interim currency of Croatia is the Croatian dinar. Its official exchange rate is established daily by the Central Bank (NBC) on the basis of market indicators (supply of and demand for foreign exchange in the inter-bank market).

As Croatia is a "small open economy" we have chosen a "floating exchange rate system (regime)" in order to adjust the economy to external shocks. The National Bank of Croatia conducts competitive exchange rate policy.

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With the new law on foreign exchange operations, Croatia has introduced a "de facto" current account convertibility. This means that Croatia has removed almost all restrictions on current account transactions backed by credible fiscal and monetary policy measures introduced by the Croatian Government at the beginning of October 1993. An inter-bank foreign exchange market was also developed.

Currently Croatia has, under the IMF's legal concept, "Transitional Arrangement Status" (Article XIV, of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund). Only two current account transaction restrictions have been retained. These are the:-

i) bilateral payment agreement with Slovenia, under which trade between the two countries may be settled through accounts in non-transferable local currency or in any foreign currency; and

ii) external payment arrears relating to external debt servicing.

The main goal of the macroeconomic stabilization policy in 1994 is to remove the remaining restrictions on current account transactions as a pre-condition to achieve "Article VIII. Status". Under the IMF's legal concept that means that Croatia will eliminate all restrictions on current account transactions.

The relationship between the IMF and Croatia on 31 Decemoer 1993 was as follows:

General Resources Account: Quota Fund holdings of currency

in min SDR 261.60 276.43

Quota 100.0 105.7

SDR Department: Net cumulative allocation Deposits in SDR

in min SDR 44.21 0.82

Allocation 100.0

1.8

Outstanding Purcnases ana Loans: Stand-by arrangements

in mm SDR % Quota 14.8 5.7

:inanciai Arrangements: None

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Projected Obligations to Fund (SDR Million; based on existing use of resources and present holdings

Principle Charges/interest Total

of SDRs):

Overdue 12/31/93

none none none '

1994

6.2 . 5.6

11.8

1995

3.9 2.5 6.4

Forthcoming

1996 1997 Total

3.1 1.6 14.8 2.3 2.1 12.5 5.4 3.7 27.3

The IMF concluded consultations with Croatia on 30 July 1993 in accordance with Article IV of the Charter, with the next round scheduled after the usual 12 month period (May/June 1994).

IV.(5) System of Foreign Investments in the Republic of Croatia

A foreign investor in Croatia nas the legal status specifically defined by Article 49 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and by Articles 619 and 620 of the Comoany Law.

It has to be pointed out, however, that the Company Law will come into force on 1 January 1995. so that the Law on Foreign Investments will remain in effect for foreign investments in the Republic of Croatia throughout 1994. According to the Law on Foreign Investments, a foreign investor is a foreign legal entity with its head office registered in a foreign country, a foreign natural person, a Croatian citizen with permanent residence abroad, and a foreign legal entity with a subsidiary in the Republic of Croatia.

Investment may take the form of foreign currency, tangibles, intangibles and Croatian dinars. Contracts for foreign investments must be drawn up in writing, and registered with the Ministry of Economy, which will verify the compliance of the contract for investments or company foundation with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Croatia.

A foreign legal entity planning to start a fully-owned company in Croatia is obliged to obtain permission from the Ministry of Economy. It is the task of the Ministry to verify whether all the legal requirements for company foundation have been met. A foreign legal entity is not allowed to start a fully-owned company in Croatia in the following areas and industries:

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production and distribution of arms and military equipment; rail and air transport, communications and telecommunications; insurance; publishing; mass media; areas marked as prohibited for reasons of national defence and security in accordance with the law.

The restrictions listed do not apply in the case of mixed ownership companies. A foreign investor may start a company operating in the above-listed fields, provided a domestic investor is party to the investment, irrespective of the size of the stake.

The new Company Law is an important step forward, as a foreign investor has the same legal treatment with the same rights and obligations within a company as a domestic investor, provided the principle of reciprocity has been observed ( national treatment). All other Croatian legal regulations that deal with the foundation and operations of a company and apply to a domestic investor, apply to a foreign investor as well.

Special protection and guarantees are offered to a foreign investor by the following provisions included in the Constitution:

"Rights derived from capital investments cannot be limited by law or any other legal act.".

A foreign investor is guaranteed free repatriation of profit and capital invested. (Paragraph 4 and 5, Article 49, the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia).

The extensive new legal regulations (649 Articles) deal with all the basic forms of companies.

The same regulations deal with foreign investments and operations of foreign comDanies in Croatia, with considerable liberalisation introduced in both legal sectors.

A foreign legal entity is a legal entity with a registerea head office outside the Reoublic of Croatia or a natural person wno is a foreign national.

Foreign investments are acquisitions of stakes in limited liability companies and puolic limited liability companies, and acquisitions of shares in joint stock companies.

A foreign legal entity with a stake in ownership in a domestic company enjoys all the ownership and management rights in accordance with the rules and regulations applied to that type of company.

Foreign capital investments mav oe effected en a contractual basis.

The principle of reciprocity is assumed (Article 620 of the Company Law), i.e. it is assumed that a foreign investor has proved the existence of reciprocity if the

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registration authority has not required any proof of reciprocity when the process of registration or of the change in the registered company's status was initiated.

In case of doubt and upon request of the registration authority.the existence of reciprocity will be confirmed by the Ministry of Justice.

No restrictions have been imposed on foreign investments in any activity or industry.

According to the draft Law on Protection of Competition and Monopolies, joint venture contracts together with foreign investment contracts are treated as a special case of group exemptions from prohibited competition restrictions, provided all other legal prerequisites required for the exemption status have been met (Article 7 and 8).

Foreign investments in the banking industry will be governed by the new Law on Banks and Savings Institutions ( Official Gazette No 94/93).

A foreign investor may found a bank, subsioiary or representative office without any restrictions, as the basic principle applied is the principle of reciprocity, i.e. the founding will be allowed provided legal requirements of the foreign investor's country allow legal entities from the Republic of Croatia to found a bank, subsidiary or representative office in the investor's country.

All banks in Croatia are treatea equally, irrespective of whether they were founded by a foreign or a domestic legal entity.

Legal provisions required for the application of the Law have already been passed. They are in full compliance with the guidelines and recommendations prepared by the EC banking sector and by the Bank for International Settlements.

IV.6 Government Procurement

IV.6.(a) Government Purchases

Public enterprises and state agencies are required to publish invitations for public tenders in the daily press.

The GATT Code on Public Purchases is being studied in order to provide help in the process of preparing a special law dealing with the issues in a principled manner.

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IV.6.(b) State Commodity Reserves

The Government Board for Commodity Reserves is a state administrative body with the right, obligation and responsibility of managing, using and disposing of the state commodity reserves.The Board is directly responsible to the Government and the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia. The director is appointed to organise the activities of the Board. The Council of the Board is a body responsible for decisions on the most important issues in the field of commodity reserves. The Council members are the representatives of Ministries and of the Croatian Chamber of Commerce.

Commodity reserves consist of a number of agricultural and food products, raw materials, production materials, and industrial products including medicines and hospital supplies. Commodity reserves may also include foreign and domestic currency cash.

State commodity reserves provide important support for the Government of the Republic of Croatia both through the current level of inventories of goods held and by the organisation of the Board of Commodity Reserves. The Government uses the support provided in carrying out its economic policy, be it by providing supplies in extraordinary circumstances or by eliminating disruptions in the market. The role of reserves is especially important in implementing a protective policy in agriculture.

Commodity reserves are used in the following ways:

to satisfy the needs of the country in the case of war or imminent war danger, and to preserve the unity of the country in the case of natural disasters;

to intervene in the market and to ensure market stability in the case of major disruptions, or to prevent major disruptions.

Commodity reserves are formed and replenished from domestic production and by purchasing abroad. The Board does not import directly, but through intermediaries, who are selected on the basis of the best offer for imports. Intermediaries import goods in their own name but for the account of the Board. Selection of intermediaries is made following the principle of impartiality and with respect for the current market conditions.

Purchases and sales of goods held or to be held as commodity reserves are made by auction or by inviting written tenders, with the exception of mandatory purchases of agricultural produce enjoying guaranteed prices.

Trading transactions take place only when state commoOity reserves are being •eolenishea. as the state commodity reserves are not a trading company.

The State Commodity Reserve Board is responsive to the needs of the economy of the country through its role in the process of replenishing commodity reserves.

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The Government of Croatia will start an intervention in the market following a proposal made oy the Ministries monitoring movements in the home and foreign market. The aim of the intervention is to curb monopolistic practices.

One of the possible intervention modes in the commodity reserves market consists of imports of goods with both domestic and foreign companies participating in the imports.

After the needs of the economy have been satisfied, surplus goods will be purchased, either for cash "or on credit, only if a global slow down of activities or a fall in prices dictate the move. In a healthy economic situation, commodity reserves will be used for exports or kept in reserve to cover possible future shortages.

The Government of the Republic of Croatia may decide to sell part of the commodity reserves purchased at guaranteed prices in the domestic or in a foreign market at a price below the guaranteed price originally paid, and it will decide on the terms and conditions of sale.

IV.7 State Trading Enterprises

When trading enterprises were established under the former system in Croatia there was no intention of them becoming "State" owned, however, the State now has temporary shares in enterprises that have undergone transformation/privatisation under the Law on the Transformation of Socially-owned Enterprises". The Croatian Privatisation Fund (CPF) is bound to sell the unsold shares that have been transferred to them after the first stage of privatisation. As was described in Chapter 2 and Annex 5 the CPF is continuing to use various methods to completely transfer these shares into private ownership. The speed of completely transferring the shares into private ownership will depend on the demand from private investors both foreign and domestic and on the improvement of the economy. The end result will be that there will be no state trading enterprises in the Republic of Croatia.

IV.8 Free Zones

The Law on Free Zones defines a free zone as a specially marked segment of the territory of the Republic of Croatia offering special conditions for doing business. A founder of a free zone may be one or more legal entities. A free zone is established after the founders have drawn up a legal document certifying the establishment of a free zone company and have provided the funds needed for the founding and initial operations of the free zone.

A free zone may be established if the technical terms and space for its smooth operation are in place.

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It is the duty of a free zone company to provide within the free zone appropriate premises for the operation of customs and other supervisory bodies.

Users of a free zone are legal entities or natural persons performing business activities in the free zone, who have entered into agreement with the free zone company. Users of a free zone do not pay taxes or other contributions. The only exceptions are taxes and contributions on employee salaries.

Goods imported and exported in and out of a free zone are not liable for customs duties or any other import-export fees except for customs registration. No special fees are levied on imports of agricultural, food or other products entering a free zone to be processed, used and consumed within the free zone.

Modes of payment and collection within a free zone are contracted freely between parties involved. Goods produced or finished in a free zone may enter the territory of the Republic of Croatia and be traded there provided all customs duties and other import fees have been paid in accordance with the regulations on customs and other fees to be paid on imports of goods into the Republic of Croatia.

A free zone may only be established after the Government of the Republic of Croatia has given its approval following a proposal put forward by the Ministry of Economy. The process will be completed in the course of 60 days after the founders have submitted their request for approval.

IV.9 Subsidy Policy

The Republic of Croatia does not intend to subsidise exports in any direct way either at present or in the future. The domestic currency exchange rate, established in the foreign currency market, will be the most important regulator of the import-export activities of the country.

Available instruments of direct suosidizing are explained in the chapters dealing with industrial policy, agricultural ooiicy, oudgetary policy and the policy of export .incentives.

The possibility of establisning a specialised agency, either fully or partially state owned, with the task of covering non-commerciai risks and croviding a refinancing facility for exporters is now being considered.

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V. INSTITUTIONAL BASE FOR TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES

V. 1 Brief Description of Bilateral Trade. Economic Agreements and Integration Agreements:

The Republic of Croatia encourages and enters into agreements on trade and economic cooperation with other countries with the intention of encouraging and creating varied, mutually fruitful and balanced long-term economic and trade relations. The Republic of Croatia has entered a number of bilateral agreements. The goal of the agreements is not to discriminate against third countries but to consolidate bilateral relations, following the principles of equality, mutual consideration and benefits. The immediate aim is to speed up the process of issuing import-export licences which are necessary for the agreements to become operational.

Agreements on trade and economic ccoDeration follow the guidelines established by GATT reauiring parties to such agreements to grant each other most favoured nation status.

The Republic of Croatia has up to now ratified Agreements on trade ana economic cooperation with the following countries: The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Poland, the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of Bulgaria. The Russian Federation, and the Republic of Sudan. Agreements have also been signed with the Republic of Yemen and the Republic of Albania, and they are in the process of ratification.

The Republic of Croatia nas started negotiations on the agreements on trade and economic cooperation with the Republic of Argentina, the Republic of Chile, the Federal Republic of Brazil, the Democratic National Republic of Algeria, Ukraine, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the South African Republic, Israel, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Romania, the Republic of Turkey, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Mongolia, the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia.

The Republic of Croatia also encourages and enters into agreements on mutual protection of and incentives for investments in order to widen bilateral economic cooperation and in order to foster conditions encouraging mutual investments between contracting parties.

The Republic of Croatia has entered and will enter into agreements that provide the following:

- investment support; - modes and terms of investment; - repatriation of profits; - transfer of rights.

Agreements on protection of and incentives for investments stress impartiality

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and fairness in the process of investments and respect for most favoured nation status.

In case of breach of agreement, the rules of arbitration have been defined, with the right of the investor to choose among the following:

- The Rules of Arbitration of the Chamber of Commerce in Stockholm, - The UNICITRAL - The International Chamber of Commerce in Paris, - The International Centre for Solving International Disputes, ICSID

The Republic of Croatia has signed agreements on mutual protection of and incentives for investments with the United States of America, the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of Albania, and the process of ratification is now in progress.

The Republic of Croatia is negotiating agreements on protection of and incentives for investments with the following countries:

The Republic of Slovakia, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Turkey, The Swiss Confederation, the Republic of Italy, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Argentina, the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Brazil, the Republic of India, and the Republic of Finland.

The Republic of Croatia is preparing bilateral agreements on double taxation avoidance, following the OECD model ( Model Double Taxation Convention on Income and on Capital, Report of the OECD Committee on Fiscal Affairs. 1977) with a view to harmonising procedures and ensuring equal treatment for the parties involveo.

Negotiations have been initiated with the following countries:the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States of America, the Peoples Reoublic of China. the South African Republic, the Federal Republic of Brazii.

V.2 Multilateral Economic Cooperation. Membership in Multilateral Economic Organisations

The Republic of Croatia is a member of multilateral economic organisations because the country wants to play an active role in international economic activities and in the process of creating an international economic and monetary system.

The Republic of Croatia is a small economy. As such, it is interested in active multilateral cooperation and in the fulfilment of its economic ambitions through the existing institutions of the international economic system.

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ANNEX 1. LIST OF TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES

TABLE A1.1 List of bilateral trade and economic agreements

1. AGREEMENTS ON TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION

1.1 THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS RATIFIED AGREEMENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES:

THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION THE REPUBLIC OF SUDAN

1.2. THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS SIGNED AGREEMENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES:

THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA

1.3. THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IS NEGOTIATING AGREEMENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES:

THE REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA UKRAINE THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC ISRAEL THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN ROMANIA THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA THE REPUBLIC OF MONGOLIA THE CZECH REPUBLIC THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA

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2. AGREEMENTS ON MUTUAL PROTECTION OF AND INCENTIVES FOR INVESTMENTS

2.1 THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS SIGNED AGREEMENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES:

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA

2.2 THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IS NEGOTIATING AGREEMENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES:

THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY THE SWISS CONFEDERATION THE REPUBLIC OF ITALY THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA THE REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA THE CZECH REPUBLIC THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND

3. AGREEMENTS ON AVOIDING DOUBLE TAXATION

3.1 THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS ENTERED NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL

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TABLE A 1.2 List I of international organisations of which the Republic of Croatia is a member

1. international organisations within the United Nations

1.1 United Nations - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 22 May 1992

1.2 FINANCIAL AND MONETARY ORGANISATIONS

iMF - INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND - The ReDubnc of Croatia nas been a member since 14 December 1992

IBRD - INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT -The Republic of Croatia is a member

IDA - INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION - The Republic of Croatia is a member

IFC - INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CORPORATION - The Repuoiic of Croatia is a member

MIGA - MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 15 May 1993

IDB - INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - member

1.3 PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIDO - UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 2 June 1992

WIPO - WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 8 October 1991

IAEA - INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 21 September 1992

ILO - INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 6 August 1992

FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 8 November 1993

1.4 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 9 May 1992

UPU - UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 3 June 1992

WMO -WORLDMETEOROLOGICALORGANISATION-The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 8 November 1992

ITU - INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 3 June 1992

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1.5 HEALTH AND CULTURE

WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 23 June 1992

UNESCO - UNITED NATIONS EDUCATION SCIENCE AND CULTURE ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 1 June 1992

1.6 TOURISM

WTO - WORLD TOURISM ORGANISATION - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 4 October 1993

2. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION - The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia has been a member since 24 March 1992

3. EUROPEAN INTEGRATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS

3.1 CESC - CONFERENCE ON EUROPEAN SAFETY AND COOPERATION -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 2 Marcn 1992

3.2 CEI - CENTRAL EUROPEAN INITIATIVE - The ReDublic of Croatia has been a member since 18 July 1992

EBR&D - EUROPEAN BANK OF RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 31 March 1992

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4. OTHER INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS

CEMT - CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 26 November 1992

CIESM - COMITE INTERNATIONAL DES ETUDES SCIENTIFIQUES DANS LA MEDITERRANEE - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 13 February 1992

INTELSAT -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 13 December 1992

INMARSAT -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 24 November 1992

EUMETSAT - The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 14 December 992

CTIF - COMITE TECHNIQUE INTERNATIONAL DE FEU -The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 25 September 1992

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Table A 1.3 II. LIST OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS WHERE THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS A DIFFERENT STATUS

5. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS WITHIN THE UNITED NATIONS

5.1 REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMITTEE

UNECE - UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMITTEE FOR EUROPE -The Republic of Croatia participates in the activities

5.2 TRADE AGREEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS

GATT - GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE -The Republic of Croatia was granted observer status on 12 May 1993

UNCTAD - UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT -The Republic of Croatia participates in the activities of the UNCTAD bodies

5.3 OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS AND FUNDS

UNDP - The Republic of Croatia became a receiving country on 19 February 1993

WFP - The Republic of Croatia nas been cooperating with and receiving aid from the program

6. EUROPEAN INTEGRATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS

COUNCIL OF EUROPE - The Parliament of the Republic of Croatia has had a SDecial guest status *n the Parliamentary Assembly since 4 May 1992

7. OTHER INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS

IOM - INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS FOR MIGRATIONS The Republic of Croatia has been a member since 23 November 1993

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TABLE A1.4 LIST OF MULTILATERAL ECONOMIC AGREEMENTS THAT REPUBLIC OF CROATIA HAS JOINED TO DATE

1 Vienna Convention on tne Law of Treaties of 23 May, 1969;

2. Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations of Universal Character of 14 March, 1975:

3. Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw en 12 October 1929;

4. Protocol to Amend the Convention for the unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, done at Hague, 28 September 1955:

5. International Air Services Transit Agreement. Done at Chicago December 7 1944.

6. Convention pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements entre Etats et ressortissants a' autres Etats, done at Washington on 13 March 1965.

7. Protocole relatif aux clauses d' aroitrage, done at Geneva on 24 September 1924;

8. Convention pour 1'execution des sentences arbitrales étrangères, done at Geneva on 26 September 1927;

9. Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York on 10 June 1958;

10. European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration, done at Geneva on 21 April 1961.

11. Agreement for facilitating the international circulation of visual and auditory materials of an educational, scientific and cultural character, with Protocol of Signature and model form of certificate provided for in Article IV of the above-mentioned Agreement (Beirut, 1948);

12. Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials, with Annexes A, B, C, D and E and Protocol annexed. (Florence, 1950);

13. Protocol to the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials (Nairobi, 1976);

14. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, done at New York on 30 March 1961;

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15. Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, done at Geneva on 25 March 1972;

16. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, done at Vienna 20 December 1988;

17. Convention on International Access to Justice of October 25, 1980;

18. Convention on the Transit Trade of Land-Locked States of 1965;

19. Convention and Statute on the Freedom of Transit of 1921 and the Declaration of Recognition of the Right to Flag Land-Locked States

20. Protocole a l'Accord pour l'importation d'objets de caractère éducatif, scientifique ou culturel (Nairobi, 1976)

21. Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, signed at Stockholm on 14 July, 1967, and amended on 2 October, 1979;

22. Paris convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 20 March, 1883, as revised at Stockholm on 14 July, 1967, and amended on 2 October, 1979;

23. Madrid Agreement Concerning the international Registration of Marks, of 14 April, 1891, as revised at Stockholm on 14 July, 1967. and amended on 2 October, 1979;

24. Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks of 15 June, 1957. as revised at Geneva on 13 May, 1977, and amended on 2 October. 1979;

25. Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs, signed on 8 October. 1968, and amended on 2 October. 1979:

26 Berne Convention, of 9 September. 1886, for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, as revised at Paris on 24 July, "971. and amendea en 2 October. 1979;

27. Universal Copyrignt Convention, UNESCO;

28. Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, as amended. Washington, 1945;

29. Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington. 1945:

30. Agreement Establishing the European bank for Reconstruction and Development, done at Paris, on 29 May 1990;

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31. Agreement of the International Finance Corporation, Washington,

32. Agreement of the International Development Association, Washington.

33. Convention EstaPlishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and Commentary on the Convention;

34. Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the CSCE, done at Stockholm, 1992;

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ANNEX 2. LAWS AND LEGAL ACTS A 2. 1 LIST OF LAWS AND LEGAL ACTS RELATING TO TRADE AND THE

MARKET3

The Trade Law'

The Law on the Price Control System'

The Law on Foreign Trade Operations"

The Law on Free Zones"

The Law on Foreign Investments'

The Regulation on Foreign Representation in Croatia"

The Regulation on Temporary Import and Export of Goods"

The Regulation on Terms of Opening and Operating Foreign Representations in Croatia'

The Regulation on Issue of Certificates and Certification of Documents Accompanying Goods in Imports and Exports'

The Decision on Intermediation Operations in Foreign Trade'

The Decision on Compensation Deals with Foreign Countries'

The Order on the Delivery Date for Services in Foreign Trade'

The Company Law"

The Decision on the Expenses that Foreign Investors are Allowed to Cover with Dinar F rcceeos from the Sale of Exhibits in International Fairs in Croatia"

The Decision on :he Grouping of Gooas accoraing to Type of Import and Export (Official Gazette No. 24/1994)"

The Laws ana Legai Acts listed in this section with an "*" have been temporarily adopted from the former Yugoslav system. New Laws and Regulations that will permanently replace these are currently either being ratified by the Croatian Parliament or are in the process of being drafted The Government of the Republic of Croatia will notify the contracting parties of the Gênerai Agreement througn the GATT Secretariat of the changes once they are validated.

English versions of the adopted Laws will not oe available. However. translations are in progress for the those indicated with an **" ana the new Croatian Laws and Regulations will be provided on completion to the contracting parties

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A2. 2 LIST OF LAWS AND LEGAL ACTS RELATING TO BANKING AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS4

Jne Law en Banks and Savings Institutions (Official Gazette No 94/93)":

The Law on the Foundations of the Foreign Exchange System. Foreign Currency Operations ana Gold Trading (Official Gazette No 53/91)";

The Law on Credit Relations with Foreign Countries (Official Gazette No 84/90 and No 53/91)';

The Law on the National Bank of Croatia"

The Law on Domestic Payment Operations":

The Payment Agreement between the Repuolic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia (Official Gazette No 57/91)"

The Laws and Legal Acts relating to Banking and Foreign Exchange Operations have been translated into the English language and a copy has been provided to the GATT Secretariat in a separate supplement.

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A2. 3 LIST OF LAWS AND LEGAL ACTS RELATING TO THE CUSTOMS SYSTEM (valid since 8 October 1991)5

The Customs Law (Official Gazette No 53A/91, became effective on 8 October 1991 ; the Customs Law published in the Official Gazette of the SFRY became null and void; Article 1, Paragraph 1, Item 16 of the Law on the Adoption of Federal Legal Regulations in the Field of Finance and on their status in the Republic of Croatia as laws of the Republic, Official Gazette No 53/91.

The Law on Alterations and Amendments to the Law which stipulated the level of penalties for business offenses and transgressions (Official Gazette No 26/93) became effective on 9 April 1993; Article 60 of the Law introduces alterations and declares null and void the stipulations of the Customs Law concerning the level of penalties for business offenses and transgressions.

The Law on Alterations and Amendments to the Customs Law(Official Gazette No 33/92),

The Regulation on continued validity of the legal content and effect of certain regulations given by the Government of Croatia within the field of its legal authority (Official Gazette No 100/93) became effective on 4 November 1993.

The Law on Alterations and Amendments to the Customs Law(Official Gazette No 106/93)became effective on 3 December 1993; following this, regulations in Official Gazette No 60/93 and 89/93 became null and void.

The Regulation on the alteration of the Regulation on continued validity of the legal content and effect of certain regulations given by the Government of Croatia within the field of its legal authority (Official Gazette No 108/93).

The Law on the Customs Tariff (Officiai Gazette No 53B/91)

The Decision initiating the validity of The Customs Tariff(Official Gazette No 2/92) became effective on 15 January 1992.

Correction of the Decision initiating the validity of the Customs Tariff (Officiai Gazette No 3/92).

Correction of the Law on the Customs Tariff (Official Gazette No 25/92).

Although the Laws ana Regulations relating to the Customs System have been valid since 1991. changes have been made to the system in order for it to be compatible with international Customs standards and practices. Once the modifications have been validated. English translations will be provided to the contracting parties of the General Agreement through the GATT Secretariat.

L/7466 Page 74

The Law on the Customs Administration of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette No 53/91) became effective on 8 October 1991. •

The Law on the Amendments and Alterations to the Law on Customs Administration of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette No 106/93),

The Law on a Special Fee on, Imported Goods (Official Gazette No 53/91),

Regulation on a Special Fee on imported Goods (Official Gazette No 40/92) became null and void on 27 October 1993, when the Law on a Special Duty on Imported Goods became effective (Official Gazette No 94/93).

The Law on a Special Duty on Imported Goods (Official Gazette No 94/93, it oecame effective on 28 October 1993. The Law on a Special Fee on Imported Goods oecame null and void (Official Gazette No 53/91) together with the Regulation on a Special Fee on imported goods (Official Gazette No 40/92).

The Decision on the amendments to the Law on Special Duties on Imported Goods (Official Gazette No 89/93 and 95/93).

The Law on Special Duties for Imports of Agricultural and Food Products (Official Gazette No 53/92).

L/7466 Page 75

ANNEX 3. MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS AND FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS

A3.(a) FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS AND AGENCIES

1 ) MONTHLY STATISTICAL REPORT

- published by the State Bureau of Statistics

2) BULLETIN

- published by the National Bank of Croatia

A3.(b) STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS

1) STATISTICAL YEARBOOK

- oubiishea DV the State Bureau of Statistics

L/7466 Page 76

K E Y

Table A3.1

E C O N O M I C

C R O A T I A

I N D I C A T O R S

1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1992 1993

Domestic economy

Population, mid-year GDP (in mio HRD) Nominal GDP (in mio USD) Nominal GDP per capita (in USD) Real GDP (% change) Consumer prices (annual avg.% change)

Production and employment

Unemployment rate (annual avg.) Industrial production (% change)

Balance of payments * (in mio USD)

Exports (f.o.b.) Imports (c.i.f.) Trade balance Current account balance

4,748,000 286,378 15,910 3,351

609.5

4,789,207 425,510 13,619 2,844 (14.4) 123.0

4,789,207 2,725,994

12,393 2,588 (9.0)

665.5

4,789,207 41,814,020

11,997 2,505 (3.2)

1,517.5

9.3 (11-3)

15. 5 (28.5)

17.8 (14.6)

17.5 (5.9)

4,020 5,188 (1,168) 1,053

3,292 3,828 (536) (589)

4,597 4,461

137 823

3,904 4,666 (762 293

Debt (in mio USD)

Foreign debt (end of year) ** Debt service:

paid arrears

Ratios (%) Debt / GDP Debt / X of goods & services Debt service / X of goods & services

Foreign exchange reserves (in mio USD Exchange rate, annual average (HRD/US

official (NBC) implicite ***

Tourism (in mio USD) receipts expenditures

2,771

201

2,627

669

2,638

563 241

20.3 60.7 12.3

405 224

21.2 57.5 8.9

409 251

22.0 43.2 6.7

1,270

11 18

,704 729

33 31

300 231

218 220

543 158

3,799 3,485

831 365

Sources: Central Bureau of Statistics, National Bank of Croatia, State Institute for Macroeconomic Analyses and Forecasting

* 1990 and 1991 without newly established states on the territory of former SFRY ** former Yugoslavia"s non-allocated debt is not included *** estimated by SIMAF for recalculation of GDP

Table A3.2 L/7466 Page 77

G R O S S D O M E S T I C P R O D U C T

-min HRD - c u r r e n t p r i c e

199 1 9 9 1 1992

I n d i c e s

1 9 9 1 / 1 9 9 2 / 1 ,990 1991

I T O T A L ( 1 - 1 2 ) * 2 8 1 , 2 1 6

1. Mining and industry 71,721

2. Agriculture and fishing 23,835

3. Forestry 2,838

4. Water management 944

5. Construction 14,880

6. Transport and communications 20,050

7. Trade 36,981

8. Hotels, restaurants and touris 13,338

9. Crafts and personal services 8,848

10. Housing and utilities 23,397

11. Financial and other services 10,294

12. General government services (health, education, nonprofitable insti 54,090

II IMPORT DUTIES AND TAXES 5,162

III GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (I+II) 286,378

416,993 2,722,325 148.3 652.8

106,128 743,435 148.0 700.5

271,430 149.9 759.6

35,150 200.9 616.5

6,071 169.0 380.6

73,322 128.6 383.2

130,538 158.0 412.1

348,462 146.3 643.9

94,416

35,734

5,702

1,595

19,136

31,673

54,114

11,657

13,149

50,948

23,842

87.4 810.0

72,324 148.6 550.0

391,471 217.8 768.4

185,292 231.6 777.2

63,315 370,414 117.1 585.0

8 , 5 1 7 3 , 6 6 9 1 6 5 . 0 4 3 . 1

425,510 2,725,994 148.6 640.6

* GDP in market prices Note: GDP estimated by SIMAF

G R O S S D O M E S T I C P R O D U C T

I T O T A L (1-12)*

1. Mining and industry

2. Agriculture and fishing

3. Forestry

4. Water management

b Construction

6 Transport and communications

7 Trade

8 Hotels, restaurants and tourism

9 Crafts and personal services

10 Mousing .uni utilities

11. Financial and other services

12. General govern services (health,

education, nonprofit institutions)

11 IMPORT DUTIES & TAXES (undistributed)

III GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (l + ll)

1990. 1991 1992

281.216 239 783 220.096

71.721 53.791 47.443

2383b 19.926 20.125

2.838 2.214 1.667

944 661 496

14.880 10.609 9.633

20.050 19.649 19.983

36.981 33.801 23.525

13.338 6.202 5.576

8.848 5.725 4.013

23.397 23.608 23.301

10.294 11.643 9.477

54.090 51.578 54.857

5.162 5.678 2.840

286.378 245.083 222.936

* GDP in markot prices Nolo- GDP ostimatod by SIMAF

ndices

1991/

1990

85 3

1992/

1.991

91 8

Structure (in %)

1990

9 8 2

mln HRD

constant pnces T J r—• CO —

era ~J

- - , O S o = *

1991 1992

8 3

1 0

0 3

5 2

8 1

0 9

0.3

4 3

9 0

0 7

C2

4 3

97 8 98 7

75 0 88 2 25.0 219 213

83 6 101.0

78 0 75 3

70 0 75 0

D)' n 3 90 8 5 2 4 3 4 3 CX

<0

9 8 0 1017 7 0 8 0 9 0 > CO CO

9 1 4 696 129 138 106

465 89 9 47 2 5 2 5

64 7 70 1 3 1 2 3 1 S

100 9 98 7 8 2 9 6 10 5

1131 814 3 6 4 8 4 3

95 4 1064 18 9 210 24 6

110 0 50.0 18 2 3 13

8560 91.0 1000 ' 0 0 0 1000

ZAPOSLENOSTI NETO-PLACE

EMPLOYMENT AND NET WAGES AND SALARIES Table A3.4 L/7466 Page 79

B R O J I STRUKTURA ZAPOSLENIH , PO JKD-U 1 )

NUMBER, AND COMPOSITION OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO UCEA1>

UtIS. •ooo

Pnwjek

Average

19912> | 1992^

1992

XI XII

1993

H3) [ III3) | IV3) | XI-» XII3>

1994

I3) n ? r III3)

Ukupno Total

Prfvreda Goods and services sector

Neprivreda Education, health and government

Indiutrija I rudarstvo Mining and industry

Bektroprivrrda Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity Proizvodnja ugUena Extraction of coal Prerada ugQena Coal processing Proizvodnja nofle i zemnog plina Extraction of crude petroleum and gas Proizvodnja naftnih derivata Petroleum products industry C m a metalurgUa Iron and steel industry Proizvodnja ruda obojenih metala Non-ferrous ore mining Proizvodnja obojenih metala Non-ferrous metal production Prerada obojenih metala Non-ferrous metal processing Proizvodnja nemetalnih minerala Extraction of non-metal minerals Prerada nemetalnih minerala Processing of non-metal minerals .Yfetalopreradivacka djelatnost Manufacture of metal products Strojogradnja Machine industry Proizvodnja prometnih sredstava Manufacture of transport equipment Brodogradnja Shipbuilding Proizvodnja elektricnih strojeva i aparaia Manufacture of electrical equipment Proizvodnja baznih kemijskih proizvoda Basic chemical industry Prerada kemijsldh proizvoda Chemical products industry Proizvodnja kamena, s(junka i p(jeska Stone, gravel and sand quarrying Proizvodnja gradevnog materijala Building materials industry Proizvodnja piUene grade i ploca Timber industry Proizvodnja flnalnih proizvoda od drva Finished wood products industry Proizvodnja i prerada papira Paper and paper products Proizvodnja tekstilnih prediva I tkanina Textile fibre and fabric industry Proizvodnja gotovih tekstilnih proizvoda Finished textile products industry Proizvodnja koze i krzna Leather and fur industry Proizvodnja koine obuce 1 galanterije Leather footwear and accessories manufacturing Prerada kaucuka Rubber industry Proizvodnja prehrambenih proizvoda Food products industry Proizvodnja pica Beverage industry Proizvodnja stocne hrane Feed industry

1 303.6 1 137.9

1053.0 903.8

234.1 .250.6

461.9

17.7

0.7

0.5

Z3

10.2

1.0

1.6

3.4

0.7

S.7

36.8

25.3

a: 21.7

::>.5

12.7

21.1

4.9

15.6

5.5

27.5

8.2

ïZ9

2.3

24.3

1 104.5 1 097.7

869.8

234.7

397.6

17.1

0.6

0.5

2.3

5.4

".S

0.5

1.2

IS

0.6 I

7 - 3 i 28.9 i

21.71

11.5 I

16.4

24.9

r>.4

18.6

4.0j

13.5)

22.9J

7.lj

16.21

46.2!

Z3i I

21.4

86Z8

387.4

16.7

0.6

0.5

234.9

385.2

16.7

0.6

0.5

1086.0 1081.6 1076.9 1043,0 1034.3

851.1 846.5 842.0 810.0 801,7

234.9 235.1 234.9 233,0 232,6

1027.7 102Z0 1019.0

795,5 789.7

23Z2 23Z3

379.5

16.6

0.6

0.5

377.4

16.5

0.6

0.5

375.6

16.4

0.6

0.5

365.1

16.0

0,6

0.4

Z3

361.7

16.0

0.6

0.4

5.2

".7

0.3

:.i

zs 0.6

6.9

28.0

20.8

10.2

15.7

24.1

1Z7

18.8

3.7

13.1

2Z4

6.6

16.1

15.4

5.2

7.7

0.3

1.0

0.6

6.9

2S.0

20.6

0.9

15.6

23.8

1Z6

1S.7

3.7

13.0

8.7

6.51

16.0|

45.11

: .2|

21.6!

5.1

7.5

0.3

1.0

0.6

6.8

27.6

20.3

9.8

15.2

23.5

1Z7

18.6

5.5

12.8

8.7

::.{}

6.4

15.9

45.0

2.3

21.5

5.1

7.5

0.3

1.0

0.6

6.7

27.4

20.1

9.7

15.1

23.1

1Z6

18,6

8.6

2Z0

6.4

15.S

!4N

21.5

5.1

7.4

0.3

1.0

Z7

0.6

6.6

27.3

19.9

9.6

14.9

2ZS

1Z6

18.6

5.5

I I S

•S.6

21.8

6.3

-14.»

5.0

7.0

0.3

1.0

2.6

0.6

6.4

26.2

1S.6

8.7

14.3

21.0

12.0

1S.1

3.4

12.3

S.S

21.2

6.1

15.2

44.1

21.5

5.0

6.8

0.3

1.0

Z6

0.6

6.3

25.7

18.4

8.6

14.3

20.6

11.9

1S.0

3.4

1Z"1

S.6

21.1

6.0

15.0

44.1

359.3

16.1

0.6

0.4

5.0

6.8

0.3

0.9

Z6

0.5

6.2

25.6

18.1

8.5

14.0

20.4

11.9

17.9

3.3

1Z1

8.5

21.0

6.0

14.9

43.9

Z3

21.5

357.5

16.0

0.6

0.4

5.0

6.7

0.3

0.9

Z6

0.5

6.2

25,5

18.0

8.4

13.9

20.2

1Z1

17.8

3.3

1Z0

8.5

20.9

6.0

14.9

43.7

Z3

21.4

786.1

23Z9

356.3

16.0

0.6

0.4

4.9

6.7

0.3

0.9

Z6

0.5

6,2

25,5

17.8

8.3

13.8

20.1

1Z0

17.7

3.3

11.9

8.5

20.8

5,9

14.9

43.7

Z3

21.3

5.5

1.1

8.1

1.2

3.3

46.5|

7.5|

:.2|

3.3

45.8

73

!.2

3.3

45.81

7 3J

l.ll

3.3

14.7

- 3

!.l

~:i

44.5

i.:

3.3

44 4

- j

!.!

3.2

H i )

'.4

1.1

12

43.7

7.3|

i.l

3.2

43.5

7.3

I.!

3.2

43.4

7.2

1.1

3.2

43.5

-.2

1.1

1) Podacima su obuhvaceni zaoosleni u poauzecima u drusrvenom. miesovitom i zaaruzram vîasnistvu kao i zaaosiem u ^cuuzecima «od Kolih ie izvrsena o-retvorba. Nisu obuhvaosnl zaoosieni u Ministaratvu unutam|ih posiova i Ministarstvu oorane

2) Izraéunat na bazl dvaju stania: 31. III. 130. IX. 3) Podatak jo privremen.

1) Data Include employées at firms In social, mixed and cooperative ownership as well as employees at translnrmoo lirms Employees at Mtn.stiy oi Internai Affairs and Ministry o/ Balance an not included.

2) Calculated as the arithmetic mean ol two halt-year figures: 31 March and 30 SeptemCer 3) Initial data.

28

L/7466 Page 80

ZAPOSLENOSTI NETO-PLAÔE EMPLOYMENT AND NET WAGES AND SALARIES

BROJ I STRUKTURA ZAPOSLENIH, PO JKD-u1)

NUMBER, AND COMPOSITION OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO UCEA1'

(nastavaK) 'continued)

utts. •000

Prosjek

Average

19912 ' 19922)

1992

XI | XII

1993

IP ' HI') IV3> XI3> XII3>

1994

i3> n3> m3> Proizvodnja I prrrada duhana Tobacco industry

GraAcka dJdaliNMt

Sakupljanjc i primama prtrada industi-yskih otpadaka Collecting and recycling of industrial wastes I

Proizvodnja raznorrsnih proizvoda Miscellaneous manufacturing

Poljoprivreda i ribarstvo Agriculture and fisheries

Poyoprivredna proizvod nj a Agricultural products

Poljoprivredne usluge Agricultural seme es

Ribarstvo Fisheries

3.3

9.9

3.3

S.4

14

10

48.3

418

1.91

1.6 j

43.2 I

37.8 j

3.8 3.S |

T.Si

:

1.9 j

1.6 j

l\A\

35.S ;

-.3

1.8

1.5

40.4

34.8

: s

40.3

;4."

40.4

34.S

3.6

6.8

1.6

3.2

6.8

131

1.6 1.6 j

40.5

35.0 34.51

4. i 4 1 i

1.4

3.1

6.7

1.5

1.4

- 7

6.7

1.5

1.4

- :

6.6

1.5

1.4

40.01 39.3 38.9 38.7

3.9 33.5 33.3

4.0 4.0 4.0

! !.* i.4 1.4

Sumarstvo Forestry

!3.4 11.5 .:.. ifi.9 10.91 10.9 10.8 10.9

Vodoprivreda Water management

Gradevinarstvo Construction

Visokogradnja Budding construction Niskosradnja i hidrogradnja Civil engineering Instalacijski i zavrsni radovi Installation and finishing work

Promet iveze Transport and communications

ieljeznicki promet Railways

PomorsM promet Ocean shipping

Rijectil I jezersld promet Inland waterway transport

Zracni promet Air transport Cestovni promet Road transport

Gradsld promet Urban transport Cjevovodni transport Pipelines

Pretovame usiuge Transshipment services

P I T usiuge Communications

Trgovina Trade

Trgovina na malo Retail trade

Trgovina na veliko Wholesale trad* Robna razmjena s inozemstvom Foreign trade

Igosuteljstvo i turizam Hotels, restaurants and tounsm

Ugostiteljstvo Hotels and restaurants

Turizam Tourism

98.8

48.6

28.5

21.7

110.2

33.1

10.0

1.3

2.6

0.6

9.2

20.3

31.0

61.0

57.0

4.0

5.0 i

-6.21

35.3 |

23.8 i

17.11

i

95.61

28.6

0.9

2.0

; 3

24.4 21.1

8.7 ^.6

0.5

7.S

19.9

1413 123.9

103.5 90.1

5.6

515 j

49.3 i

66.9

2S.9

: : . s

: • : . ;

92.9

28 1

o.2

0.9

11

20.2

"4

o.5

-.4

:o.i

119.2

87.2

27.1

4.9

50.7

47.6

3.1

66.2 i

28.4 |

21.7'

16.11

914 |

5.9

0.9 |

H I

20.1 |

7.4

0.5 j

7.4J

2O.2I

118.0

86.5

26.9

4.61

50.2 I

47.1 j

3.1 !

65 !

28.0

15.9

91.6

2".6

5.8

0.9

2.1

19.9

-.4

0 5

'.3

:o.i

116.7

S5.6

26.6

4.5

49.7

46.6

3.1

64.3

27.8

20.8

•i.4

27.6

5,7

0.9

2.1

4 . :

63.3 56.5 55.9 j 55.5 55.3 55.1

""- 1 219 215 i 213 213 212

23.5 19.3 19.21 19.1 19.1 19.1

15.7 14.3 14.2! i4.1 13.9 13.8

"0 9 S7.9

27.4 26.1

^S 5.0

0.8 0.7

S7.1

25.8

4.9

0.7

19.7 19.7 18.6 18.4

".5 ' .5 7.3 7.2

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

".3 7.3 7.2 7.2

20.1 20.1 20,3 20.2

116.0 115.5 108.9 107.1

S5.1 34.7 80.0 78.7

26.5 26.4 24.9 24.5

4.4 4.4 4.0 3.9

49.5 49.2 47.4 47.0

46.4 46.4 44.8 44.5

3.1 1 8 16 15

S6.7

25.6

4.9

0.7

12

18.2

7.3

0.4

7.1

20.3

86.3

25.4

4.8

0.7

1 2

18.1

^.3

0.5

7,0

20.3

86.1

25.2

4.8

0.7

13

1S.0

7.3

0.5

7.0

20.3

105.8 103.8 1016

77.8 76.2 75.3

24.2 23.9 23.6

3.8 3.7 3.7

46.5 46.1 45.7

44.0 43.6 433

1 5 Z5 1 4

27

ZAPOSLENOST I NETO-PLACE EMPLOYMENT AND NET WAGES AND SALARIES

L/7466 Page 81

BROJ I STRUKTURA ZAPOSLENIH, PO JKD-u1)

NUMBER, AND COMPOSITION OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO UCEA1' (nastavak) (continued)

Obruiistvo Crafts and trades

Obruiicke usiugc i popravci Craft and repair work Osobnc usluge Personal services

Stambeno-komunalne dielauiosti Housing utilities and public services

Uredenje naselja 1 prostora Landscaping and maintenance Stambena djelatnoat Housing services Komunalna djelatnost Utilities and public services

Flnanc(jske 1 druge usluge Financial and other services

Bankarstvo Banking Osiguranje imovine i osoba Property and life insurance Usluge na podrucju promela Trade-related services Projektiranje i srodne usluge Drafting and related services Geoloska istranvanja Geological exploration Istraavacko-razvoini rad Research and development Poslovne usluge Business services

Obrazovaiye i kultura Education, culture and the arts Obrazovanje Education

Osnovno obrazovanje Elementary education Srednje obraiovar\je Secondary education Vise obraiovanje Vocational and technical training Visoko obreiovar\je University - level education OsLalo obramvarye Other education

ZnanstvenoislraEVBcka djelatnost Scientific research Kultura, unyetnost 1 informacije Culture, art and information Fizicka kultura i sport Physical education and sport

Zdravstvena jastila i socijalna skrb Health care and social services

Zdravstvena lasu ta Health cart Socijalna skrb Social services

Tijela diia»lie viasli. tij ela lokalne samo-uprave, fondovi. udruîenja i orçamzactje Central and local government bodies, funds, associations and organizations

Tijela driavne vlasU. tijela lokalne samouprave 1 listavni sud RH Government bodies, local government bodies and the Constitutional Court of Croatia Zavod za plaUii promet i fondovi Institution for Payment Transactions and funds Gospodarska udruîenja i udruienja ustanova Business associations Politick* stranke, drustvene organizaaje I udrute gradana Political parties, social organizations and public associations

Prosjek

Average

19912>

28.3

15.4

4.9

" 28.3

Z8

0.6

24.9

55.4

21,7

4.9

9.2

9.4

0.3

5,7

4,2

93.8

66.7

39.9

17.2

0.1

8.7

0.8

5.5

19.8

1.8

101.9

76.9

25.0

54.4

42.8

8.1

1.3

- 2

19922)

24.2

20,2

4.0

23,8

13

0.8

20.7

50.7

19.0

4,5

8.5

8.5

0.3

5.7

4.2

87.7

64.4

38.3

16.9

0.1

8.4

0.7

4.1

17.6

1.6

97.4

'3.1

24.3

48.6

39.6

6.4

0.8

1.8

1992

XI

2Z9

19.3

3.6

23.1

2.1

0.7

20.3

48.3

18.0

4.4

8.2

S.O

0.3

5.2

4.2

88.3

65.5

38.9

17.4

0.1

8.5

0.6

4.1

17.1

1.6

97.8

73.4

24.4

48.6

39.6

6.5

0.8

1.7

XII

2Z6

19.0

3.6

23.1

Z l

0.8

20.2

48.0

17.9

4.4

8.2

7.9

0.3

5.2

4.1

88.6

65.7

38.9

17.6

0.1

8.5

0.6

4.1

17.2

1.6

97.8

73.5

24.3

48.5

39.5

6.5

0.8

1.7

1993

II3>

22.2

18,7

3.5

2Z9

Z l

0.8

20,0

47.4

17.8

4.3

8.1

7.7

0.3

5.1

4.1

88.7

66.1

39.1

17.8

0.1

8.5

0.6

4.1

16.9

1.6

97.8

73.4

24.4

48.4

39.5

6.4

0.8

1.7

III3)

2Z1

18.7

3.4

2Z9

Zl

0,8

20.0

47.1

17.8

4.3

8.0

7.6

0.3

5.0

4.1

88.7

66.1

39.1

17.8

0.1

8.5

0.6

4.1

16.9

1.6

97.8

73.3

24.5

48.6

39.6

6.5

0.8

1.7

IV3)

21.9

18.5

3.4

2Z9

Z l

0.8

20.0

46.9

17.7

4.3

8.0

7.6

0.3

5.0

4.0

88.5

66.2

39.2

17.8

0.1

8.5

0.6

4.0

16.7

1.6

97.8

•3.2

24.6

48.6

39.6

6.5

0.8

1.7

XI3»

20.8

17.6

3.2

2Z5

ZO

0.8

19.7

45.1

17.6

4.1

7.7

7.1

0.3

4.4

3.9

88.2

66.0

39.0

17.9

0.1

8.4

0.6

4.0

16.7

1.5

97.2

•Z5

24.7

47.6

33.5

11.6

0.8

1.7

XII3)

20.5

17.4

3.1

2Z5

ZO

0,8

19,7

44.8

17.5

4.0

7.7

7.1

0.3

4,4

3.8

88.1

66.1

39.1

17,9

0.1

8.4

0.6

3.9

16.6

1.5

96.9

7Z3

24.6

47.6

33.5

11.6

0.8

1.7

utis. •ooo

1994

I3>

20.4

17,2

3.2

2Z5

ZO

0.8

19.7

44.4

17.6

3.9

7.6

6.9

0.3

4.3

3.8

88.0

66.0

39.1

17.9

0.1

8.3

0.6

3.9

16.5

1.6

96.9

7Z2

24.7

47.3

33.2

11.6

0.8

1.7

II3)

20.2

17.0

3.2

2Z5

Z l

0,8

19,6

44.2

17.5

4.0

7.5

6,8

0.3

4.3

3,8

88.2

66.2

39.2

18.0

0.1

8.3

0.6

3,9

16.5

1.6

96.6

71.8

24.8

47.5

33.4

11.6

0.8

1.7

HI3)

20.0

16.8

3.2

2Z5

Z l

0.8

19.6

44.1

17,5

3.9

7,5

6.8

0.3

4.3

3.8

88.3

66.3

39.2

18.0

0.1

8.4

0.6

3.9

16.5

1.6

96.4

71.5

24.9

48.2

34.0

11.7

0.8

1,7

4) Vidi napomenu 1) ispod tabeie 3-2

•>> Se* note 1), table 3-2.

28

INDUSTBUALRUDARSTVO MINIr&ÀNDTribuSTrW

Page 82 Table A3.5

PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIH INDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

1992 1993 II-III

1993 1994

1993

III IV xn

1994

m Dektroprivreda Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity Eleku-oenergija - ukupno Electrical power • total

Hidroenergija Hydroelectric Terrooenergija Thermoelectric

Prolzvodnja ugUena Extraction of coal

Ugljen - ukupno Coal-total

Prerada ugUena Coal processing

MetalursU koks Metallurgical coke

Prolzvodnja naltc i zemnog plina Extraction of crude petroleum and gas

Prolzvodnja nafte i gazolina Crude petroleum Prolzvodnja plina Natural gas

Prolzvodnja naftnih derivata Petroleum products industry

Sirovi bcnzini za motor* Crude motor petrol Sirovi benzin za petrokcmiju Crude petrol for petrol industry White spirit White spirit Petrolej za motors Motor fuel Petrolej za rasvjetu Kerosene Plinsko u(je Oil gas Ulje za lozenje Heating oil Maziva ulja i mast] Lubricants, oil and grease Bitumen Bitumen

MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh

t tons \

t 1 tons 1

t tons

tis.m? 000 m*

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

8 858 961 9 436 920

4 337 208 4 483 851

4 521753 4 953069

2615 646 2 582 487

1 134 170 1 749 698

1 481 476 832 789

992 263 801478 675 409

455 057 269 797 295 972

537 206 531681 379 437

120 274 104 617 29 646 25 377 10 047 10 819 8 897

1017 495 982 167 861195 739 125

663 670 674 348 560649 514 701

353825 307 819 300546 224424

9 196 8265 7860 9252

409371 420676 110635 88866 31357 36658 33641 34 164 30661 30944 27261

1742 851 1729 110

1820 3% 2067 734

862 182

117 791

3 020

29 008

4 974

6% 804

1 915 655

69 717

159 647

963 521

164 131

3 159

88 007

7 445

772 375

2 146 536

89 276

141612

430 246 406 197

489 180 496 516

277 420 246 745

57 102 50 487

498 576

20 723 31 385

2 931 2 609

155 118 213 185

616 613 447 179

21269 18 615

15 630 21 659

Cma metalurgya Iron and steel industry

Sirovi celik iz EL peci Crude steel, Electric Arc furnace Valjani poluproizvodl Semi-finished rolled products Betoiuld celik I valjane ike Concrete reinforcers and rolled wire Trakasti celik Strip steel Besavne cijevi Seamless pipes Savnc (zavarene) cijevi Welded pipes Feroiegure Ferroalloys

Prolzvodnja ruda obojenih metala Non-ferrous ore mining

Boksiuia ruda Bauxite

Prolzvodnja obojenih metala Non-ferrous metal production

Alumiiuj Aluminium AJuminijske legure Aluminium alloys

Prerada obojenih metala Non-ferrous metal processing

Alumhuj I aluminUske legure Rolled, pressed and drawn aluminium and aluminium alloy products

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t tons

t

t tons

t

I Ions

101942 73 815

5 666 6 591

55 275 35 543

61.861 51712

47 569 37 550

67 616 76 711

81 630 36 605

20 998

1879

12 486

18 569

11096

20 978

13 158

11512

472

12 624

9 750

4 920

16 619

14 331

134 434 148 235 142 793

149 920 152 523 165 835

94 843 73 123 86 886

5 456 25 234 15 235

460 38 503

8 031 6 106 7 529

737 978 326

41 847 59 692 73 735

182609 207 796 203121

7 449 11210 8 635

6 530 6 838 14 174

9 148 2 743 8 189

702 836 1095

7 392 1 844 2 111

5 212 6 644 5 049

3 866 3 854 4 558

5 861 8 342 6 474

5 921 1773 1351

6 878 1690 590 332 200 180 180

20 406 25 956

4 292 2 108

8 454 7 513 2 894 2 850 2 406

533 575 158 180 180

26 083 24 246 6 148 6066 2 079 1 966 2140

144 049

182 425

91421

13 887

199

8 702

783

29 251

187 022

8 569

1932

5968

482

66

2 931

1881

6 163

6 371

162554

170 614

88 363

16 920

573

9 767

1319

32244

206 877

9804

13078

3 882

0

3 001

758

1618

3348

4924

108 617

166 891

53 437

10 311

0

14 749

868

55 094

101891

1476

1000

1098

327

4980

4 245

1330

6 942

3 789

135 026

159 011

104 945

23 256

3

6869

422

125 847

138 411

7 335

7 581

6 532

145

4 643

4 747

1972

6 329

5 618

100 112 110 110

1720 2201 2103 3209

64 239 79 257

1839 1 189 2 321 2 556

12

INOl m& PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIH INDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVOOA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

IIJA I RUDARSTVO

NINO AND INDUSTRY

Page 83

(nastavak) (conhmmd)

1992 1993 IMII

1993 1994

1993

III IV XII

1994

in Proizvodnja neaetalnih mineral» (bcx gradevnog maieniala) Extraction of non-metal minerait (excluding budding materials)

Kremeni mjesak t Flintsand Ions Morskasol t Sea salt tons

Prerada nemetalnih minerala (bcx gradevnog onterUala) Processing of non-metal materais (excluding budding materials)

Rarnostaldo Us.m* Flat glass '000 mT âup(jesUkJo t Hollow glass tons Vatroatalni materijali t Refractory materials tons Keramika za kucanstvo t Porcelain for household goods tons Keramika za gradevinarstvo t Porcelain for construction tons Azbestni proizvodi t Asbestos products Ions Grantnc i amorfne elektrode t Graphite and amorphous electrodes tons

Metalopreradivacka djelatnost Manufacture of metal products

Lijevani gotovi i polugotovf proizvodi od zeljezB i celika i bzonski dyelovi t Cast iron and steel semi-finished and finished products and formed parts tons OdUevci od lakih metala I Castings of light metals tons Odljevci od teikih metala t Castings of heavy metals tons Ambawza od alum., crnog i pocincanog lima t Containers of aluminium, ferrous and zinc sheet tons Ambalaza i bacve od celika i osL metala t Containers and casks of steel and other metals tons Cavli, zakovke i vtycana roba t Nails, rivets and screw products tons Elektrode za zavarivanje t Electrodes for welding tons Metaine konstrukdk i njihovi dijelovi t Metal structures and parts thereof tons Metalnl proizvodi za gradevinarstvo t Metal products for construction tons Metalnl predmeti za cuv. i arhiv_ metalno posude za kucan. I oprema zaces te i pruge t Metal products for safe-keeping metal household containers and equipment for roads and railways tons Spremnki I cisterne t Tanks nod cisterns tons Metalna oprema za urede, prodavaonice i radionke t Metal equipment for offices, shops and work shops tons Metalna oprema za bolnice t Metal equipment for hospitals tons Peel, i tednjad I dijelovi t Stoves, ranges and parts tons

39592 23344

28 585 29 643

6300

6800

31492

2 515

842

8 191

7 415

2 712

2608

23 331

1756

2 587

1047

1424

170

6 730

33 390

1425

656

7 421

5 739

1777

1759

15 820

1425

2 789

2860

1963

127

6 857

8 750

545

239

1685

1361

517

461

4 528

371

739

3464

6900

415

7 3

5 530

2 282

48 949

775

7 239

588

732

8 773

2 322

48 420

745

4 343

56

216

2031

581

12 260

183

2 043

267

192

1085

576

11374

147

628

7 235

480

284

1442

1 167

249

619

2 788

341

761

2 111 2 877 2591

2 100 3 100 1 400

0 56 55

68 81 73

575 904 758

191 199 200

4 211 4 142 3 904

53 79 76

207 1204 546

3 000 3 383 3 031

158 212 156

28 89 33

598 710 567

602 404

163 204

149 125

1083 1400

145 126

323 204

564

159

192

998

119

69

1207

417

57

1556

319

426

36

797

398

108

17

492

562

158

16

297

353

127

16

235

298 979 1585 900

3583 2200 2000 2700

49 88 83 96

65 53 63 76

370 234 381 470

150 200 212 164

3 061 3 225 3 936 4 213

44 38 54 55

186 329 1 298

2160 1975 2464 2796

101 199 147 134

42 30 36 218

607 430 537 475

310 371 348 448

72 65 86 98

53 162 213 244

1816 421 616 1751

128 115 96 130

220 263 202 296

158 85 124 110

154 121 100 205

8 3 11 22

899 340 289 168

Strojogradnja Machine industry

Pami koUovi (oak* za centr. grijanje loplom vodon) t Steam boilers (excluding central heating hot water boilers) tons

Brodsld motori t Marine engines tons Brodsld motori kom. Marine engines No Ostali motori a unutras. izgaranjem t Other internal combustion engines tons

1713

3 467

64

47

2 157

2 856

25

32

494

731

5

3

621

0

0

3

167

653

4

1

1%

0

0

1

91

39

2

1

268

74

1

6

176

0

0

1

215

0

0

1

230

0

0

1

13

INDUSTBUA1RUDARSTVO MINING'ANl^NDUSJm

Page 84 PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIH INDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

(nastavak) (continued)

1992 1993 II-III

1993 1994

1993

III IV XII

1994

I I I Ostali motori • unutras. izgaranjem kom. Other internal combustion engines No. Stroj. za rudnike. kamcnoL i gradevinar. t Machinery for mining stone quarrying imd construction tons Strojevi l a obradu mctala i d m t Machinery for metal and wood processing tons Strojevi xa industr. brant, pica i duhana t Machinery for food beverage and tobacco processing tons Strojevi za posebne namjcnc nespomenuti drugdjc t Special purpose machinery, not elsewhere specified tons Mehanicld i elektroroehanicki pr\jenosnki t

Mechanical and electromechanical transmitters tons Pump* i kompresori t Pumps and compressors tons Transporter! i dizalice t Lifting and handling equipment tons Po(joprivredni strojevi t Agricultural machines tons

Proizvodnja proeaetnih aredstava Manufacture of transport equipment

Lokomotive i vagoni kom. Locomotives and coaches No. Dijelovi za zeljeznicka prometna srtdstva i tramvajska kola i gibnjevi t Parts for railway transport equipment, tram coaches and springs tons Motori za motorna voola t Motor vehicle engines tons Traktori kom. Tractors No.

Brodogradnja Shipbuilding

Tankeri GT Tankers GT Teretni brodovi GT Cargo ships GT Spec plovni objekti s vlast. pogonom GT Self-propelled special-purpose vessels GT Spec plovni objekti bez vlast pogona GT Special-purpose vessels, non powered GT OsL plovni objekti bez vlast. pogona t Other vessels, non-powered tons

Proizvodnja elektricnih strojeva i aparata Manufacture of electrical equipment

Proizv. elektromoL, générât, i transform. t Manufacture of electromotors, generators and transformers tons Proizv. TV I radio pry. apar. za reprod. zvuka, alike i prateceg pribora kom. Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus and associated accessories No. Telefonske i telegrafske centrale priUj. Telephone and telegraph exchanges No. of receivers Ured za bezicne veze. komutatori signala kg D M aa equipment, si) nal commutators l:g Profe s. primopr. radio-aparature t Radii -apparatus for professional recen ing tons Proizv. opreme za kontrolu industrijskih procesa kg Manufacture of equipment for industrial process control kg Ured. kompjuL tehn. i male kompjuL tehnike kom. Computer and small computer equipment No. Proizvodnja kabeia i vodica t Manufacture of cables and conductors tons Proizv. elektric. kucanskih aparata t Manufacture of domestic eiectnc appliances tons Strojevi za pranje i susenje rublja t Warning machines and dryers ions

8

1652

3 036

1035

3 124

1 116

2 320

971

1 105 1 17:

313

846

2 797

2 642

231

774

2 289

2066

•

9 201

2 552 1255

73 40

1 934 1 164

1 172 947 144 6251 30 706 31202

120 253 80 3201 23 840 14 059

0

285

484

161

345

153

285

531

0

593

21

187

394 303

0 2 160

147 55

I 8 285

3 552

7 8481

849

1875 855 2065 175

129 322 129 975

560 170

5 207 3 269

24 562 23 773

7 062 5 533

95 <*

86

0

1994

599

958

6 362

1590

0

459

259

360

286

98

39

124

618

372

0

395

175

0 0 140

81 109 88

155 247 239

47 58 66

254

93

283

137

143 129 56 152

19 11

50 48

72 71

103 284

10

127

306

190

15

54

215

147

130

86

118

129

24

13

29

147

105

143 186

106 67

117 125

87 70

34

8

40

18

51 44

218 253

156 H I

23

0

7

1813

362

0

213

3

15

10 495

7 534

26

0

5

û

174

16

104

12 749

8 170

32

0

7

0

183

4

93

19064

9 682

28

0

7

0

58

1

122

10 905

7 314

21

0

:

0

101

2

69

8 246

5 330

12

0

2

0

131

4

58

11253

4 594

6

0

3

0

163

1

48

11 703

4 135

5

0

2

514 382 404 094

43 625 IS 400

23 39

227 302 229 780 59 364 62 174

547

6 367

1 147

0

630 643

279 120 105

170 721 204 88S 192 081

i3 575 19 950 11700

11 6

23 096 18 781 18 910

272 298 348

2 020 2 292 2 167

535 526 493

0 0 0

567

138 406

6 40C

62

617

362

105 643

5 500

11

543 653

141875 156 576

6 100 6 80C

11 17

21974 17 949 23 192 21033

110

1932

230

0

272

1881

412

0

106 169

!372 2 114

341 394

0 0

14

PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIH INDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

INDUSTRUAI RUDARSTVO L / 7 4 ^ v ; W Q tNQ INDUSTRY Page 85

(nastavak) (corttnaud)

1992 1993 II-III

1993 1994

1993

III IV

1994

XII I II i n

Proizv. zanuja i luminisc cjjevi Us. kom. Manufacture of light bulbs and fluorescent tubes '000 Pb akunv, nikL-kadm. otv. prion. baterije Leclanchcovc, alkaL Mn02-Zn baterije t Pb accumulators, nickel - cadmium open batteries, Leclanch batteries, alkaline MnOi-Zn batteries tons Svjetttjke za dekorativnu rasvjetu t Lamps for decorative purposes tons

Proizvodnja baznih kemijskih proizvoda Basic chemical industry

Amoiujak, 100% t Ammonia, 100% tons Dusicna idseiina t Nitric acid tons Ostale anorganakc kiseline t Other inorganic acids tons Organske povrsinski akUvne tvari t Organic surface-active compounds tons Vinil-klorid t Vinyl-chloride tons Cada t Carbon products tons Sredstva za zasUtu bi|ja t Plant pesticides and herbicides tons Urea (karbamid) t Urea (carbomide) tons Kompleksna gnojiva t Compound fertilizers tons PoUeUlcn t Polyethylene tons Umjetne nunc i «note t Synthetic materials and resin tons

Prerada kemijskih proizvoda Chemical products industry

Farmaceutske sirovine t Pharmaceutical raw-material tons Gotovi lyekovi t Commercial medicines tons Sapuni t Soap tons Dcterdzenti t Detergent tons Grafickeboje t Graphic inks tons Ostala pmaazna sredstva t Other coating materials tons Ambalaza od plasticnih n a s a t Plastic containers tons Tehnicki proizrodl od plasticnih masa t Plastic technical products tons Obuca od plasticnih masa Us. pari Plastic shoes '000 pairs Prlrodna i sinteticna (jepila t Saturai and synthetic glûe ton^ Filmovi Us. m: Films 000 nC

Proizvodnja kamena. sljunka i pijeska Stone, gravel and sand quarrying

Kamene i mramome ploce m; Stone and marble slabs m~ Lomlj-, t u e i mljev. lumen i vapnenac m Broken, crushed and ground stone and , limestone m

Proizvodnja gradevnog materijala Building materials industry

HidraUrirano vapno Hydraulic lime Cement Cement Opeka Bricks

3S" Azbestno-cementni proizvodi Asbestos cement products Lake gradevinske ploce Light building tiles Element! za zidanje (od cenu sljunka, pijeska) Constuction materials (cement, gravel, sand)

t tons

t ions

lis. kom. NF '000. standard size

Us. kom. '000

I

t is-m' '000 m-

17 655 15 751

8 878 7 925

1 940 1 587

6 370 3 562 2 406 2 267 1308

425 719

381796

349 906

5 595

118 570

13 479

9 069

356 995

716 537

141614

157 321

2001

1750

957

50 882

1343

26 386

32 412

6 479

^30

7 151

423

344 81

287 804

229 161

4 036

103 851

17 123

7 568

273 226

482 845

144 415

131813

2 293

1519

801

43 278

985

24 869

28 770

5 974

453

10 910

262

Us. kom. NF

'000,55

1 178 622 1 133 873

3 283427 4 155 638

144 179 156 451

1768278 1682628 338 388 440865

2 150 1 099

382 334

107 542

86 921

66 976

979

27 211

3 390

3 366

98 954

146 929

36 284

37 435

640

468

167

11394

231

5 138

7 513

1504

131

2469

73

532 216 483 583

40 818 42 527

31322 22 870J

4 202)

I 53 934 316441

94 847

12 935

9 218

0

7 055

781 846 691

139 137 153

1089 1619 744 1 199

478 414 362 323

112 105 117 112

96 541

102 470

75 366

1 108

31911

5 338

3 103

72 276

166 900

35 691

37 603

532

449

103

7 416

297

4 112

6 337

1417

154

1974

56

49 372

36 215

19 033

424

8 831

1303

1789

55 394

57 577

13 023

11849

49 327

36 357

26 995

450

4 321

1468

1301

49 777

69 005

13 054

10 518

216 463 245 110

588 831 630 91

27 260 25 481

26 842

2 754

2 374

21

6 045

40 296

22 964

22 941

274

5 309

1374

938

33 404

52 864

10 966

11809

216

196

67

4 106

95

1703

2 532

487

55

710

25

73 231 79 131 87 099

181510 294 089 351 100

7 976 15 774 14 734

148 440 115 851 127 620

31460 34 948 416%

4 152 5 244 3 574

3 892 2 234 1 216

0 0 0

1694 3 511 5 235

249

162

27

3 700

69

2 302

2 762

556

42

1389

25

256

105

73

3 627

61

2 049

2 632

480

71

1 153

25

17 559

14 039

342

210

10 187

1569

357

0

21982

11918

10 864

194

112

40

15 461

34 761

18 164

448

9 271

1788

763

0

50 494

12 832

12 687

173

144

26

37S17

33 531

29 374

318

9 325

1291

1 130

30 329

55 153

11708

11224

169

133

39

3 100 3 104 1763

85 87 91

965 834 1615

1 728 1 965 1 981

402 423 510

39 42 45

669 579 463

18 17 13

43 563

34 178

27 828

342

13 315

2 259

1210

41947

61253

11 151

13692

191

173

38

2 549

119

1663

2 391

484

67

932

26

82887 59638 94 111 91361

156 689 117 701 155 332 357 879

10 472 2 701 10 266 12 514

113 583 118939 128915 193011

14 030 3 168 5 515 18 159

1958 1475 321 958

663 915 0 1459

7 0 0 21

877 3 087 923 2035

15

INDUSTBUAJ RUDARSTVO

MINIth'À&mDUSTRY

Page 86 PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIH INDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

(nastavak) (continued)

1992 1993 11-111

1993 1994

1993

I I III IV XII

1994

I II HI

Stropne konstrukdje Ceiling materials Krovna (jepenka. b i tumen, papir I j u t a Roofing tar, tar paper and jute

Proizvodnja piUene t r ad* ' P'<*a

Timber industry PlUena grada ceUnjaca Sawn conifer Plljena grada h resta Sawn oak PiUena grada bukve Sawn beech Oslala pHjena grada Other sawn timber Pi(jeni pragovi Crosstua Fumir Veneer Sperploce Plywood Panel-ploce PaneUmg Ploceiverice Particle board

Proizvodnja Onalnih proizvoda od drva Finished wood products industry

Kucno pokucstvo u g a m i t u r a m a Household furniture Kucno pokucstvo u etemenUma Household furniture Kuhinj* u elementima Units for fitted kitchens Staid Chairs FoUUe, dvosjedi i trosjedi

Armchairs, 2-3-seat settees Drvena ambalaza Wooden packaging Gradevna stolar i ja i dement i za ugradn ju

t tons

t tons

garni t sets

lis. '000 items

Us. kom. 000

Us. kom. 000

Us. kom. 000

(vrata, proznri i sl.l Millwork and builders carpentry (doors, windows etc) Parket, puni Flooring Lamdirani parket Lanunboara

•ooo

Us. m; '000 m'

Us. m" 000 m-

Proizvodnja i prerada papira Paper and paper products

Drvenjaca i cduloza Wood-pulp and cellulose Papir i kartoni (Ijepenka) Paper and cardboard (pasteboard) Valov. yep. i ambaL od papira i kartona t Corrugated cardboard ana paper and cardboard packaging Predm. za kucan-, saniL i loal. potrebe Household and sanitary goods and toilet requisites Uredski materijai Office materials

Filtri za cigarete m ' Cigarette filter-tips Zidne tapete Wallpaper Ostali proizvodi od papira I kartona Other paper and cardboard products

Proizvodnja teksUlnih prediva i tkanina Textile fibre and fabric industry

KudjeHno vlakno t Hemp fibre tons Laneno vlakno t Flaxfibre tons Pamucno predivo t Cotton textile fibre tons Vuneno predivo I Wool lextde fibre tons Laneno predivo t Flax textile fibre tons

t Ions

t tons

tons t

tons t

com. 000.000

t

t

135 256

5 430

117 685

198 173

247 039

87 379

435

25 367

8 148

0

SO 084

480

1021

2300

97 301

152 456

117 403

1 135

1792

1537

1725

4 286

1478

141

12 460

4 159

267

153 834

4 168

145 7,76

200 343

245 815

106 870

441

30 489

8 039

0

1 0 434

I 28 297

602

176

1026

224

11 772

14 928

581

177

1017

225

7061

449

1058

109 527

179 709

105 983

1 107

1946

1070

1626

3 564

698

77

10 301

4 079

162

30 024

835

4 791

146

48

239

60

1029

120

261

4 %

265

24

2 778

1052

34

19 899

661

27 830

55 237

59 590

22 397

138

7 744

2113

0

20 700

23 046

52 013

56 146

19 900

140

9 570

2 007

0

14 360

3 2S8

130

41

247

48

1247

SS

257

590

25 800

43 693

28 731

314

555

238

233

920

29 744

51269

28 272

112

475

252

410

857

182

15

!871

963

60

8 399 14 065 13 671

316 289 342

7 947 10 230 11466

16 089 20 124 20 574

18 097 26 780 32 081

7 117 9 780 9 405

69 40 41

2 752 2 941 2 828

771 801 794

0 0 0

7 155 7 998 6 460

1 572 2 224 592

48 53 67

18 17 15

85 91 86

22 21 21

366 438 459

37 51 45

88 93

166 185

90

168

6 542 4 931 5 412 9 556

0 91 263 307

9 994 8 031 6 466 8 549

15 165 17 345 16 110 18 558

10 167 15 132 17 020 23 994

4 636 6 861 4 500 8 539

4 27 19 94

2 010 3 979 2625 2966

532 516 691 800

0 0 0 0

2 569 5 294 1695 7 371

875 1 125 1092 1041

51 36 44 50

13 13 12 13

85 79 82 86

15 15 16 17

2 921 378 399 470

31 26 33 28

S 656 9 087 8 897

15 855 14 718 15 660

9 043 10 301 9 091

123 120 126

91

182

8 546

13 444

7 885

71

181

9 595

16 448

9008

94

196

8 892

15 003

8 933

92

213

11257

19 818

10 331

56 30 40 42

186

99

72

308

130

4

918

353

10

183

107

68

395

93

12

999

408

13

104

102

166

261

28

[4

955

372

15

198

87

191

285

64

4

830

2%

10

167

78

133

277

60

4

895

315

11

142

84

127

269

59

5

966

307

17

166

90

150

311

63

6

1010

341

32

16

PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIHINDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN MINING AND INDUSTRY

INDUSTRUA I L / 7 4 6 < ? tWN/NG

Page 87

RUDARSTVO AND INDUSTRY

(nastavaK) (continued)

1992 1993 II-III

1993 1994

1993

II III IV XII

1994

II HI

Kudje(jno predivo Hemp uxule fibre

t tons

t tons

t tons

tls.m* 000 m^ Us. m; i

'000 m' tis.ni?

•000 m1

tis.m* '000 m-

L iarija, konopci i gurte Rope, cord and straps Konac xa ihranjc Thread Pamucne tkaninc, deke i prekr ivaci Cotton fabric blankets Vunene tkaninc, deke i prekr ivaci Wool fabric blankets KudjeMne tkaninc Hemp fabric Lanene tkaninc Linen fabric

Proizvodnja gotovih teltstilnih proizvoda Finished textile products industry

Prolzv. trikotainih tkanina osim dierscja t Manufacture of knitted fabrics except jersey Proizvodnja trikotaznog rublja Manufacture of knitted underwear Proizvodnja t r ikotazne odjece Manufacture of knitted clothing Carape Socks Proizvodnja pozamanterije Manufacture of haberdashery Proizvodnja rublja Manufacture of linen Konfekd ja odjece Readvlo-wear clothing Proizvodnja kucanskog rub i ja Household linen

Proizvodnja koze i krzna Leather and fur industry

Donaka koza Leather for soles G o m j a koza Leather for uppers

Proizvodnja koine obuce i galanterie Leather footwear and accessories manufacturing

Teska kozna obuca Heavy leather footwear Mua. zen. i djec. koz. cip. i cizme Men's, women's, children's leather shoes and boots Ostaia obuca Other footwear Kozna galanteri ja oaiaa rukavica Leather accessories except gloves Galant, od umj. koie i plasL masa .Artificial leather and plastic accessories Kozna odieca Leather clothing Konfekd ja odjece od plastic, masa Ready-to-wear plastic clothing

Prerada kaucuka Rubber industry

GumenoHehnicka roba Rubber technical goods Gumeni dijelovi za obucu Rubber parts for footwear Gumcna obuca Rubber footwear

Proizvodnia prehrambenih proizvoda Food products industry

Pscnicno brasno t Wheat flour tons Kruh t Bread tons TjesUnina t Pasta tons Vocniaokovi t Fruit juices tons Konzervirano povrce t Canned vegetables tons

tons t

tons t

tons lis. pari

'000 pairs t

tons l is. m"

'000 m-tis-m]

'OOOm' t is. m"

'000 m'

l tons

Us. m ; '000 m-

tis. pari '000 pairs

lis. pari

'OOOpairs l is. pari

'OOOpairs l is. m*

'000 m-Us. m'

'000 m' t i v m ;

'000 m-tis. m~

'000 m-

t tons

t tons

l is. pan 'OOOpairs

811

393

1464

28 881

S 756

0

7

4 532

408

7 156

2 670

42

1939

173

349

1975

434

30

418 142

188 759

13 829

12309

25 574

171

345

1211

28 759

7 018

0

289

4 242

3 216

1301

27 823

632

9 262

35 594

10 970

44

1520

2 853

883

21335

609

9 977

36 393

12601

38

1452

265

8 176

2 495

28

1538

179

130

2 061

400

16

346 467

177 7%

9 849

18 121

21763

73

66

274

7 255

1867

0

1095

737

240

6 065

146

2 716

9 630

2 799

370

84

2 052

718

7

438

33

43

16

53

340

6099

1623

0

34

1002

771

192

5600

135

2884

9 639

3 394

14

390

97

2 166

663

II

275

79

36

39

607

131

9

485

97

5

88 439

42 681

2 461

3206

1451

66 802

38 745

2 192

9808

1408

19 26

22

82 110 142

2 176 3 088 3 131

818 660 585

0 0 0

0 1

9 5

22 20

119 93

2 237 1 938

545 582

0 0

160 20

365 361 338

250 241

92 75

! 107 1 938

57 59

992 744

3 418 3 368 2 738

957 974 1066

229

88

2 276

44

904

287

1

121

27

690

230

1

136

30

"69

5

113

24

659

5

156

20

661

290 2501 1S1

2

146

7

15

3

163

13

16

1

132

20

17

3

90

25

6

3

108

14

22

180 240 157

44 53 26

2 4 0

I

336

206 281

69 54

1453 1 614

43 43

628 776

2 988 3 086

1046 1161

4

121

45

661

190

140 167

29 34

0 1

29 899 32 274 27 557 22 662 21365

13 307 14 902 14 765 14 226 12 944

960 773 827 539 548

8

16

113

1938

483

0

10

320

244

67

6

131

36

720

193

7

79

30

4

165

26

•>

3

r 134

2 223

558

0

4

346

246

71

2017 1969

43 49

1080 1028

3 237 3 316

1 095 1 138

4

138

16

785

280

1

88

35

10

153

37

21231 24 206

12 199 13 602

966 1211 1179

504 481 498

4"49 8 742

"ni 415

679

">19

+63

965

747

530

17

INDUSTRIJA I RUDARSTVO MINllldlMtiNDUSTRY

Page 88 PROIZVODNJA ODABRANIHINDUSTRIJSKIH PROIZVODA PRODUCTION OF SELECTED PRODUCTS IN WMA/G AND INDUSTRY

(nastavak) (continued)

Dodad jelima Condiments Svjeze meso svih vrsta Fresh meat KobasicarsU proizvodl Sausage products Mesne konaenrc Canned meat Koncentrirane Juhe Soup concentrates RiWje konzerve Cannedfish Majeko u prahu Powdered milk Djecjahrana Baby food Maslac Butter Sirevi Cheese Secer Sugar Bomboni, slatldsi i kakao-proizvodi Candy, sweets and cocoa products Keksi 1 srodni proizvodi Biscuits and related products Jeslivouljt Cooking oil Margarin Margarine Kvasac svjezi Fresh yeast Kvasac suhi Driedyeast Kavovine Coffee substitutes

Proizvodnja pica Beverage industry

Raflnirani spirit, 100%'' Refined alcohol, 100%v

Pivo Beer Deatilirana alkoholna pica Spirits Osvjezavajuca bezalkoholna pica Soft drinks

Proizvodnja stocne hrane Feed industry

Stocna hrana Livestock feed

Proizvodnja i prerada duhana Tobacco industry

Fermentirani duhan Fermented tobacco Clgarete Cigarettes

Graficka djeiatnost Printing

Novine i casopisi Newspapers and magazines Knjige i brosure Books and booklets AgitacUski i rekiamni tisak Advertising issues Obrasci i trgovacke knjige Forms and trade books Tiskani omolni papir Printed wrapping paper Ostali tiskani proizvodi Other printed products

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

ton\

tons

tons

tons

tons

tons

tis.1 •oooi

hi hi hi hi hi hi

tons

tons mil. kom. '000,000

t

t

t

t tons

t ions

t tons

1992

17 203

141441

28 810

17 898

1674

17 969

3 827

6S23

1722

15 644

94 666

22 473

3 637

35 770

11519

7 912

1075

1 151

21 102

2 720 037

317 036

753 048

648 127

12 363

12 744

27 524

3 887

5 521

8 806

2 043

9 989

1993

20 146

130817

30 624

16 511

2 616

13 482

3860

5 998

2 250

15 524

78 847

20 641

21528

24 626

9 779

7220

1301

834

20 089

2 481344

292 931

729 906

646 405

9 480

11582

27 047

2 890

4 847

6 769

1872

10 460

II-III

1993

5 863

32053

6 342

4 890

647

3 130

710

1821

363

3 383

0

6 232

5 353

4 978

2301

1669

210

246

7 130

456 515

89 107

152 998

167 667

3 031

2 636

9 856

747

1225

2 165

492

2 190

1994

6 932

31387

5 573

4468

951

2 257

741

1754

525

3 445

0

5 383

5 190

4 165

1787

1817

395

233

3990

495 685

66 518

161786

132 618

3 657

2 903

7 198

608

1262

1850

519

2 427

1993

II

2 412

10 712

1894

1956

270

1 168

188

659

118

1 137

0

2 114

1858

1827

556

493

56

79

2 417

143 082

30 140

46 362

53 018

1 185

1033

2 089

239

416

791

163

726

III

1661

11590

2 463

1687

194

969

310

714

158

1221

0

2 461

2 031

2 407

1038

618

84

116

1491

163 643

27 704

50 567

57 194

596

1 120

5 680

202

424

551

179

802

IV

1 191

10 502

2580

1403

154

1286

310

387

120

1 180

0

1902

1689

2664

938

600

125

39

1471

220 283

27 863

60 566

57 213

237

1 102

1876

172

370

533

155

772

XII

2114

12471

1839

1216

248

886

191

305

173

1 167

8990

1936

1646

1288

987

663

121

67

1642

153 556

25 585

58 618

49 506

1905

917

2 444

192

449

574

150

776

1994

I

2294

9886

1817

1267

330

572

378

625

159

899

0

1633

1509

1282

594

557

121

79

968

140 169

25 037

47 686

43 693

1507

920

2 170

197

406

553

167

714

II

2181

10 568

1745

1618

336

622

176

556

163

1037

0

1682

1598

1248

338

612

127

70

1006

130 973

21231

43 199

41625

1501

862

2 268

192

395

663

161

809

III

2457

10 933

2011

1583

285

1063

187

573

203

1509

0

2068

2 083

1635

855

648

147

84

2 016

224 543

20 250

70 901

47 300

649

1 121

2 760

219

461

634

191

904

Sakupljaiye i prim, prerada ind. otpadaka Collecting and recycling of industrial wastes

Reciklaza metalnih oatataka i otpadaka t Recyling of metal wastes and scrap tons Reciklaza nemetaL ostalaka i otpadaka t Recyling of non-metallic wastes and scrap tons

1) Jedinic» ja miere uskladana sa Zakonom o miemim ledimcama. NN br. 56/93

1) Un* of measure is according to Law on Units ot Measures, NN No. 58/93.

106 723

130 724

99 956

67 135

25 823 21701

21 868 12 456

9 598

7 302

8 442 8 173

6 387 6 027

7 298 5 835 7 578 8 288

3 781 4 282 4 028 4 146

18

Table A3.6 L/7466 Page 89

National Bank of Croatia

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS REPUBUC OF CROATIA*

FROM 1990. TO 1992.

(in millions of U.S.dollars)

1990. 1991. 1992.

A. Current Account 1,053 (589) 329

1. Goods 1.1. Exports f.o.b. 1.2. Imports c.i.f.

2. Services 2.1. Transportation services

2.1.1. Transportation, credit 2.1.2. Transportation debit

2.2. Travel 2.2.1. Travel, credit 2.2.2. Travel, debit

2.3. Other services 2.3.1. Other services, credit 2.3.2. Other services, debit

3. Income 3.1. Investment income

3.1.1. Investment income, credit 3.2.2. Investment income, debit

3.2.2.1.Interest payments 3.2.2.2. Interest arrears

4. Current transfers 4.1. Current transfers, credit

4.1.1. General government, credit 4.1.2. Remittances from abroad, credit

4.2. Current transfers, debit 4.2.1. General government debit 4.2.2. Payments abroad by residents, debit

(1,168) 4,020 5,188

872 308 970 662 975

1,704 729 (411) 125 536

(192) (192) 4

196 190 6

1,541 1,808

1,808 267 8

259

(536) 3,292 3,828

37 151 786 635 69 300 231 (183) 190 373

(101) (101) 65 166 128 38

11 208 21 187 197 3

194

(303) 3,127 3,430

364 106 662 556 385 543 158 (127) 227 354

(167) (167) 49 216 158 58

435 551 44 507 116

116

L/7466 Page 90

B» Capital account, excluding reserve assets (1,491) (457)

1. Foreign invest.in Croatia (liabili 0 0 1.1. Equity investment 1.2. Reinvested earnings 1.3. Other . 16

pital sets 2.1.1. Banks

Long-term loans Short-term loans Currency and dep Other assets

2.2.1. Other sectors Private sector Other

Liabilities 2.2.2. General governmen

Drawings on ot Repayments of

Repay Princ

Short-term loan

(1 (1

(1 (1

,491) ,639) (22)

(22)

,617) ,617)

148 (265) 62

436 333 103 109

(457) (370) 18

18

(388) (388)

(87) (323)

6 570 367 203 241

129 129

2.2. Liabilities 148 (87) (64) (150) 15

374 208 166 225

Short-term loans Inte 6 38 59 Prin 103 203 166

Other liabilities (16) 2.2.3. Banks 240 177 72

Drawings on other long-term loans Repayments of other long-term loans Short-term loa 240 177 72 Currency and Deposits Other liabilities

2.2.4. Other sectors 173 59 14 Drawings on ot 164 111 45 Repayments of other long-term loans

c. D.

Net errors and omissions Reserve Assets (increase -

Short-term loa Other liabilit

- )

8 1

438

(52)

1,046

(32) 1

58 (167)

* Transaction without former Yugoslav republics Note: In 1992 the part of the revenue and expenses referred to private

(citizens revenue) is included in item "travel" and another p amount, in item "other assets" into the capital account. This current and capital account balance. The above mentioned chan in the balance of payments data for 1990 and 1991 so that the comparable.

bp-ec

Table A3.7 L/7466 Page 91

NATIONAL BANK OF CROATIA Preliminary data !

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS REPUBLIC OF CROATIA*

from January tp December 1993.

(in millions of U.S.dollars) T3S3!

A. Current Account

1. Goods 1.1. Exports f.o.b. 1.2. Imports c.i.f.

2. Services 2.1. Transportation services

2.1.1. Transportation, credit 2.1.2. Transportation debit

2.2. Travel 2.2.1. Travel, credit 2.2.2. Travel, debit

2.3. Other services 2.3.1. Other services, credit 2.3.2. Other services, debit

3. Income 3.1. Investment income

3.1.1. Investment income, credit 3.1.1.1 .Interest payments, credit 3.1.1.2. Other

3.2.2. Investment income, debit 3.2.2.1.Interest payments 3.2.2.2. Interest arrears 3.2.2.3. Other

4. Current transfers 4.1. Current transfers, credit

4.1.1. General government, credit 4.1.2. Remittances from abroad, credit

4.2. Current transfers, debit 4.2.1. General government debit 4.2.2. Payments abroad by residents, debit

293.2

(762.6) 3,903.8 4,666.4

565.4 178.6 674.8 496.2 466.6 831.6 365.0 (79.8) 300.4 380.2

(142.8) (142.8) 111.6 108.3

3.3 254.4 162.8 77.1 14.5

633.2 812.1 271.3 540.8 178.9

6.0 172.9

L/7466 Page 92

1993.

B. Capital account, excluding reserve assets 59.6

1. Foreign invest.in Croatia (liabilities) 1.1. Equity investment 1.2. Reinvested earnings 1.3. Other

2. Other capital 2.1. Assets

2.1.1. Banks Long-term loans Short-term loans Currency and deposits Other assets

2.1.2. Other sectors Private sector Other

2.2. Liabilities 2.2.1. General government

Drawings on other long-term loans Repayments of other long-term loans

Repayments of long-term loans Principal arrears

Short-term loans: total Short-term loans Interest arrears Principal arrears

Other liabilities 2.2.2. Banks

Drawings on other long-term loans Repayments of other long-term loans Short-term loans Currency and Deposits Other liabilities

2.2.3. Other sectors Drawings on other long-term loans Repayments of other long-term loans Short-term loans Other liabilities

G. Net errors and omissions ; DÏ Reserve Assets (increase - )

71.5

71.5

(11-9) (130.9) (210.6)

(210.6)

79.7 79.7

119.0 (106.9)

9.6 367.1 193.6 173.5 250.6

77.1 173.5

91.9

91.9

134.0 144.0

(12.1) 2.1

• i l 92.8 (445.6)

* Transaction with former Yugoslav republics included*

Zagreb, March, 1994.

bop-93-0

Table A3.8 L/7466 Page 93

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES

- end of period -

Commercial banks foreign

exchange assets

Overall

foreign

exchange assets

Short term

debt

- in millions of USD

Net

assets

Foreign Total

exchange foreign

reserves exchange

of reserves

NBC

1991. December 200.9 53.7 147.2 0.0 200.9

1992. January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1993. January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

186.5

219.2

228.4

246.1

290.3

290.9

355.0

386.6

440.6

452.2

455.1

502.3

528.1

559.5

583.2

652.7

662.7

636.5

628.5

741.5

748.0

751.2

677.5

712.9

71.2

53.7

80.8

82.9

99.4

97.8

96.0

72.9

47.9

42.6

36.0

41.9

39.5

57.8

76.3

74.1

69.3

65.8

66.1

73.2

64.5

65.0

65.1

59.3

115.3

165.5

147.6

163.2

190.9

193.1

259.0

313.7

392.7

409.6

419.1

460.4

488.6

501.7

506.9

578.6

593.4

570.7

562.4

668.3

683.5

686.2

612.4

652.6

0.0

3.5

4.0

4.1

6.9

18.6

30.8

89.0

122.3

135.7

143.9

166.8

195.5

231.2

271.6

312.7

342.4

354.9

416.2

465.7

476.3

500.1

573.9

612.4

186.5

222.7

232.4

250.2

297.2

309.5

385.8

475.6

562.9

587.9

599.0

669.1

723.6

790.7

854.8

965.4

1005.1

991.4

1,044.7

1.207.2

1.224.3

1.251.3

1.251.4

1.325.3

L/7466 Page 94

Table A3.9

EXCHANGE RATE OF THE CROATIAN DINAR PER UNIT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY

1. Average par month

ATS FRF ITL(100) CHF GBP USD OEM XEU

1991.

1982.

1993.

1994.

December

December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

1 8468

61.5590

76.4300

93.4307

118.3419

148.4719

190.0742

238.9515

292.5685

359.8246

462.4751

606.7560

543.0664

535.4264

538.9531

527.7451

517.8213

3 8014

127.0163

158.6302

194.0878

245.0181

308.6948

369.4631

499.4593

605.1790

724.3230

930.4284

1.216.7398

1.100.5640

1,100.1034

1,114.8531

1.092.0175

1.068.9827

1.7184

48,6047

58.3296

69.7287

86.1495

1082591

145.3503

184.7569

222.9995

267.8457

337.0076

436.3437

390.1617

381.2753

387.8286

381.9832

368.8917

14.6704

481.9366

588.5305

711,2109

9022420

1 140,6102

1.482.5890

1.884.1137

2.329.1205

2,868.9767

3,720.5488

4,853.3724

4.333.4552

4,391.6539

4.478.5705

4.418.6568

4,313.2968

37.1205

1.0623756

1 328.6966

1 552.2003

2.002.0727

2.571,7322

3226.8302

4,1912558

5279.3411

6.417.1223

8,054.1721

10.505.0663

9,609.0603

9.5952258

9.830.8432

9.536.0281

9203.2438

20.3521

684.8629

862.8037

1 0782525

1.372.0335

1.669,1313

2.144.0107

2,772.9727

3.529.5164

4.301.5254

5.290.3638

6.987.5098

6.488.3276

6.432.6360

6,597.2281

6,444.7432

6.168.7526

13.0000

433.1290

538.0645

657,4286

832.7097

1.044,7333

1.337.1290

1.681.5000

2,059.1290

2,531.7742

32S4.9333

4268.7887

3,819.1711

3,765.1603

3,788.4735

3,710.2909

3.642.7549

26.4194

847.8830

1.063.7568

1277,5370

1.615,0589

2.033.6972

2.611.9070

3286.8092

4.013.4174

4.831.7193

6,189.6371

8,102.5958

7,324.5199

7262.1918

7249.0680

7.194.5358

7,031.5977

2. End of period

1991. December

1992.

1993.

December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1 8412

70,3573

85.7080

106.2878

135.8533

172.5531

215.6355

267.4247

323.6947

407.0764

523.4132

581.8783

528.8186

540.5036

3.8011

145.2438

178.0086

2202837

281.5917

359.9789

449.4901

559.0481

666.3127

817.9976

1,052.9660

1.168.9588

1,077.3883

1.120.0517

1.7148

54,1530

64,3401

77.3432

95.8868

131,1120

164.2911

206.4554

246.0240

298.8153

377.5075

420.3430

376.3542

383.9830

14.6003

5462176

654,0566

807,2573

1.035.0994

1 341,4639

1,699.0567

2.119.1696

2.597.6809

3.246.6753

4.208.5088

4,631.7993

4.249.5151

4,471.6529

36.9248

1.206.4635

1.447,3206

1.750.7688

2.324.3228

3.013.8764

3.7B2.1844

4,775.7632

5,876.3288

7,138.4340

8,983.9419

10.188.5087

9,446.4165

9,714.7694

19.7469

798,1875

957,8655

1.226.8696

1.556,2724

1 920.3052

2.430.8408

3,195.0714

3.970.5540

4,774.2360

5.940.3107

6.849.5036

6,382.7742

6,561.9270

13.0000

495.0000

603.0000

748,0000

956,0000

1214,0000

1,517.0000

1,882.0000

2278.0000

2,865.0000

3,683.0000

4,092.9212

3,718.9152

3,801.8117

26.3148

964.5075

1.177,2369

1.447,3052

1.852,1544

2.373,8556

2.956.3296

3,687.0262

4.399.0458

5.434.0455

6,991.8072

7,821.9817

7,151.1020

7.352.3236

1994. January

February

536.9637 1.110.5643 386.1880

511.1678 1.0572991 366.7120

520.3483 1,070.6442 375.2600

4.4712873 9.824.5783 6.544 0563 3,775.0541 7.331.5326

4,308.4888 9,144.7912 6.178.0190 3,5952159 6,955.3047

4.310.7488 9.064.0848 6.138.8874 3,661.0731 7,050.8607

Table A3.10 L/7466 Page 95

EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES

-in millions USD, current exchange rate

1990 1991 1992* 1993*

1. EXPORTS TOTAL (2+3)

2. Exports of goods 3. Exports of non-factor

services

6819

4020

2799

4567

3292

1275

6108

4597

1511

5711

3904

1807

4. IMPORTS TOTAL (5+6)

5. Imports of goods 6. Imports of non-factor

services

7115

5188

1927

5066

3828

1238

5548

4461

1087

5907

4666

1241

7. BALANCE 7.1. Goods and non-factor

services (1-4) 7.2. Goods (2-5)

8. Exports to imports ratio in % (2:5)

-296 -1168

77.49

-499 -536

86.00

560 136

103.05

-196 -762

83.67

PERCENTAGE CHANGE AT ANNUAL RATE

1. EXPORTS TOTAL (2+3)

2. Exports of goods 3. Exports of non-factor

services

-33.03

-18.11

-54.45

33.74

39.64

18.51

-6 .50

-15 .08

19.59

4. IMPORTS TOTAL (5+6)

5. Imports of goods 6. Imports of non-factor

services

-28.80

-26.21

-35.76

9.51

16.54

-12.20

6.47

4.60

14.17

- transactions with Former Yugoslavia Countries included

Source: National Bank of Croatia, processed by SIMAF

L/7466 Page 96

Table A3.11

EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF GOODS BY INTENDED USE OF PRODUCT

-in millions USD, current exchange rate

1990 1991 1992 1993

1. EXPORTS TOTAL 4019.6 3292.1 4597.5 3903.7

Production materials

Capital goods

Consumer goods

1715.6

812.3

1491.6

1472.8

647.9

1171.5

2400.5

674.1

1522.9

1975.7

350.5

1577.5

2. IMPORTS TOTAL 5187.9 3828.3 4460.7 4666.4

Production materials

Capital goods

Consumer goods

3229.4

604.0

1354.4

2333.6

481.3

1013.4

2857.1

468.0

1135.7

2749.5

748.6

1168.3

- exports (imports) of goods after (for) processing included - according to principal use of product

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

IMPORTS TO CROATIA BY MAIN COMMODITY GROUP 1990. - 1993.

in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

SITC categor. / YEAR 1990*) 1991 1992**) 1993**)

% OF TOTAL IMPORTS

1990*) 1991 1992**) 1993**)

TOTAL Food products Beverages and tobacco Raw materials except fuel Fuel and lubricant

Oils and fats Chemical products Products classif.by mater Machines strans.equipment

Miscelan.ready-made prod.

Other

4,426,095 700,115

36,979 286,005

859,711 25,301 599,574

575,948

933,018 399,946 9,497

3,828,253 375,334

22,254 198,739 667,145

9,972 515,329

346,572 840,435

550,719 301,753

4,460,729 468,181

51,931 262,834 429,954

23,136 672,449

808,258 725,621

714,649 303,716

4,666,365 357,030

37,357 175,679

461,381 14,503 575,241

803,594

1,122,732 780,234 338,612

100.00

15.82

0.84 6.46

19.42 0.57 13.55 13.01

21.08

9.04 0.21

100.00

9.80

0.58 5.19

17.43 0.26 13.46 9.05

21.95 14.39 7.88

100.00

10.50

' 1.16 5.89 9.64

0.52 IB.07 18.12

16.27 16.02 6.81

100.00

7.65 0.80 3.76

9.89 0.31

12.33 17.22 24.06

16.72 7.26

Q>

çr > CO to

*) imports of goods for processing is not included

**) imports from Former Yugoslavia Countries included

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

2PC n J*.

sa

EXPORTS FROM CROATIA BY MAIN COMMODITY GROUP 1990. - 1993.

in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

2PC 00 >J

sa

SITC categor. / YEAR 1990*) 1991 1992**) 1993**)

% OF TOTAL EXPORTS

1990*) 1991 1-992**) 1993**)

TOTAL Food products Beverages and tobacco

Raw materials except fuel Fuel and lubricant Oils and fats

Chemical products Products classif.by mater Machines Strans.eguipment Miscelan.ready-made prod. Other

912,627 267,490 18,381 189,477

146,416 3,198

330,922 607,683 863,472 478,794 6,795

3,292,113 245,973

24,229 171,272 223,039

943 398,901 477,402 769,759 971,091

9,503

4,597,492 458,570 111,736

286,272

396,966 6,291

596,611 820,460 849,394

1,043,519

27,673

3,903,818 367,320 100,583

237,292 377,145 3,907

564,208 525,674 552,033

1,168,979 6,677

100.00

9.18 0.63 6.51 5.03 0.11

11.36 20.86 29.65 16.44 0.23

100.00

7.47

0.74 5.20

6.77 0.03

12.12 14.50

23.38 29.50 0.29

100.00 9.97

2.43

6.23 8.63

0.14 12.98

17.85 18.48 22.70 0.60

100.00

9.41 2.58 6.08

9.66 0.10

14.45 13.47

14.14 29.94 0.17

H 0)

«x CD

> CO

CO

*) export of goods after processing is not included

**) exports to Former Yugoslavia Countries included

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

EXPORTS FROM CROATIA BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

OF COUNTRIES AND COUNTRY OF DESTINATION 1990-1993

% OF TOTAL EXPORTS

COUNTRY / YEAR

TOTAL

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC

France

Italy

Netherlands

Germany United Kingdom

Other

EFTA

Austria

Sweden

Switzerland

Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTR.

Japan

USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

CIS & Other Ex USSR

Other

1990.*)

2,912,627

1,787,380

1,349,431

79,079

603,589

75,754

428,388

75,162

87,459

209,660

84,277

42,006

30,065

53,312

228,290

2,330

154,580

676,990

497,707

179.283

1991

3,292.113

2,430,056

2,017,046

66,180

714,862

126,100

967,949

57,433

84,522

249.327

96,723

44,326

41,887

66,391

163,683

946

119,765

389.552

247,339

142,213

1992.

4,597,492

2,583,756

1,966,140

57,760

908,726

98.238

773,267

56,242

71,907

509,347

104,979

338,886

35,641

29,841

108,269

2,979

69.295

265,483

155,476

110,007

1993

3,903,818

2,412,467

2.087,325

133,293

828,402

92,233

895,103

73,053

65,241

202,483

130,101

25,318

40,180

6,884

122,656

942

81,582

303,707

173^64

130,443

1990")

10000

61.37

46.33

2.72

20.72

2.60

14.71

258

3.00

7.20

2.89

1.44

103

1.83

7.84

0.08

5 31

23.24

17.09

6.16

1991.

100.00

73.81

6127

201

21.71

3.83

29.40

1.74

2.57

7.57

2.94

1.35

1.27

2.02

4.97

0.03

3.64

11.63

751

4 32

1992.

100.00

5620

42.77

1.26

19.77

2.14

16.82

122

1.56

11.08

2.28

7.37

0.78

0.65

2.35

0.06

151

5.77

338

2.39

1993.

100.00

61.80

53.47

3.41

21.22

226

22.93 1.87

1.67

5.19

3.33

0.65

1.03

0.18

3.14

0.02

2.09

7.78

4.44

3.34

>

LDC

FORMER YU REPUBUCS

Slovenia

440.689 395.128 163.003

1,470,188

1,100,944

189,735

965,897

711.619

15.13 12 00 3 55

31.98

23 96

4 86

24.74

1823

OQ -«4

«

NOT DISTRIBUTED 7,567

*) exports of goods alter processing is not Included

- Germany comprises FRG & GDR both since 1991.

- in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

77,377 115,062 32,012 0 2 6 2.35 2.50 0.82

Source: Central Bureau ol Statistics, processed by SIMAF

IMPORTS TO CROATIA BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

OF COUNTRIES AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 1990-1993

COUNTRY/YEAR

TOTAL

% OF TOTAL IMPORTS

1990.*) 1991. 1992 1993. 1990.*) 1991 1992. 1993

4.426.095 3,828.253 4,460,729 4.666,365 10000 100.00 100.00 100.00

2>r era ~ j

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC

France

Italy

Netherlands

Germany

United Kingdom

Other

EFTA

Austria

Sweden

Switzerland

Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTR

Japan

USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

OS & Other Ex USSR

Other

2,668,258

1,826,101

95.613

674,B75

130,185

671.857

93.855

159,716

472,376

236,684

75,082

95,379

65,231

369,780

95,680

187,531

902,742

431,609

471,133

2,567,731

1,902.910

99.286

623,484

115,243

833,096

110,647

121,154

342,515

177,181

46.160

66,585

32,589

322,306

110,876

148,181

574,898

252,569

322,329

2,388,558

1,862.686

71.766

761,068

88.592

767.587

64.549

109,124

332.760

189,680

53.473

66.801

22.806

193,112

31,769

105,741

603,558

230.883

372,675

2,948,502

2,251.153

96.894

881,639

91.672

990,737

89,668

100,543

464.991

310.553

60,202

78,999

15,237

232.358

42,146

123,522

494,194

261,101

233,093

60 28

4126

216

15 25

2 94

1518

2 12

3 61

1067

535

1 70

2 15

147

835

217

4 24

20 40

9 75

10.64

67.07

4971

259

16 29

3 01

21 76

289

316

8 95

4 63

1 21

226

0 85

8 42

290

3 87

15 02

660

8 42

53.55

41 76

161

17.06

1 99

1721

1 45

2 45

7 46

4.25

1 20

150

0 51

433

071

237

1353

518

835

6319

48 24

2 08

- 1889

1 96

21.23

1 92

215

996

666

129

169

0.33

498

090

2.65

10 59

560

5 00

0) ÇT 0 >

en

LDC

FORMER YU REPUBLICS

Slovenia

NOT DISTRIBUTED

802,933

52,163

*) Imports of goods tor processing is not Included

- Germany comprises FRG & GDR both since 1991.

- in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

653,631

31,993

425,797

1.031.200

874,296

11.616

432,190

772,665 712,470

18,814

1814

1 18

17 07

084

9 55

23.12

1960

026

926

1656 15 27

040

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

EXPORTS FROM CROATIA BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION * * ) , ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

OF COUNTRIES, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND CATEGORIES OF GOODS AS DEFINED BY SfTC IN 1993.*)

• in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

1993.*)

rOTAL(with ex-YU republ)

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC

France

Italy

Netherlands

Germany

United Kingdom

Other

EFTA

Austria

Sweden

Switzerland

Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTR.

Japan

USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

CIS (Ex USSR)

Other

TOTAL

3903818

2412467

2087325

133293

828402

92233

895103

73053

65241

202483

130101

25318

40180

6884

122658

942

81582

303707

173264

130443

Food

products

367320

127708

94132

1960

65040

2983

16241

3276

4632

10448

7777

1620

868

183

23127

15306

52338

12362

39976

Beverages

and tobac.

100583

19651

17299

67

472

180

14938

467

1175

1392

1209

180

3

962

31

605

7761

549

7212

Raw mater.

except

fuel

237292

176927

151705

376

134275

1815

11359

53

3827

22950

19582

420

2765

163

2272

1383

5163

230

4933

Fuel

and

lubricant

377145

175618

154141

11055

106661

4

14498

19578

2345

17779

17348

1

429

1

3697

50

18714

282

18432

Oils

and

fats

3907

693

537

57

280

200

0

73

37

36

0

83

12

48

36

12

Chemical

products

564208

333332

276859

12998

181260

6304

45957

6867

23473

18798

9065

141

9429

163

37675

161

16900

46814

34627

12187

Products

class, by

materials

525674

321372

261138

5730

121139

11386

96291

11665

14927

28606

21081

1303

2582

3640

31627

11

28470

38613

16967

21646

Machines

and trans

equipment

552033

251035

199822

71270

45906

2186

70426

3147

6887

43602

16109

16382

9972

1139

7611

5614

95318

80955

14363

Miscelan.

ready-ma

de prod

1168979

1003147

929069

29820

172762

67015

623939

27682

7851

58518

37614

5451

12889

2564

15559

739

13205

38255

28347

9908

Other

6677

2985

2622

18

831

79

1255

318

121

316

278

1

30

7

47

37

682

605

77

IDC 189735 8917 951 6295 28645 31952 21805 84993 5429 748

FORMER YU REPUBLICS

Slovenia

965697

711619

177627

117046

72171

16593

48907

45602

152891

120324

3166

2302

140578

105181

143263

115878

103057

87566

122000

99751

2238

1374

NOT DISTRIBUTED 32013

*) exports of goods after processing is included

**) with exports to Former Yugoslavia Countries

731 47 1278 11532 622 17630 149 24

OF COUNTRIES. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND CATEGORIES OF GOODS AS DEFINED BY SITC IN 1993.')

1993 *)

TOTAL(with ex YU republ)

TOTAL Food

products

4666365

• in thousands USD, daily exchange rate

Beverages except

and tobac. fuel

357030 37357

nater Fuel

>pt and

lubricant

Oils

and

lats

Chemical

products

Products

class by

materials

Machines

and trans

equipment

Miscelan

ready-ma

de prod

Other

175679 461381 14503 575241 603594 1122732 780234 338612

2PC

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC

France

Italy

Netherlands

Germany

United Kingdom

Other

tFIA

Austria

Sweden

Switzerland

Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTR.

Japan

USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

CIS (Ex USSR)

Other

2948502

2251153

96894

681639

91672

990737

89668

100543

464991

310553

60202

78999

15237

232358

42146

123522

494194

261101

233093

152747

128616

9925

39738

20934

42300

1609

14110

16738

14106

132

1018

1482

7394

14

1720

53967

2093

51874

11142

8596

488

3157

637

635

506

3173

1916

1903

8

5

630

2

99

1142

0

1142

80144

49003

813

16688

4282

22144

846

4230

9375

5678

2401

626

670

21766

64

15271

28175

11574

16601

65828

10908

115

2762

593

5373

306

1759

9275

3475

5

5795

0

45646

183

23885

189955

176056

13899

9423

7828

52

4051

910

2118

11

686

1592

736

649

207

0

2

2

1643

0

1643

383885

290837

16516

104991

14264

114656

17974

22436

72329

42006

1234

28119

970

20719

3997

14709

48753

29007

19746

414365

283139

9428

131293

6686

106322

9110

20300

116913

90646

6469

15294

4504

14313

1566

4128

125506

24395

101111

965613

716609

46804 ,

211093

10409

377083

46620

24600

175558

106450

44502

18014

6592

93446

32131

47627

27111

7726

19385

604777

522943

12337

302306

13397

180725

6812

- 7366

56247

41862

4337

9063

985

25587

4171

13925

5560

1594

3966

240578

232674

417

65561

19559

139379

5874

1884

5048

3691

473

853

31

2855

17

2155

12382

8657

3725

ta ÇT CD

>

LDC 432190 56469 76O0 47374 200696 226 9985 18165 7583 7557 76536

FORMER YU REPUBLICS

Slovenia

772665

712470

92851

80709

16077

13900

16077

13960

4273

3769

3203

3200

131314

114826

242438

228295

101239

96139

156434

148994

8760

8660

NOT DISTRIBUTED 18814 995

*) imports of goods (or processing is included

**) with imports from Former Yugoslavia Countries

1396 3909 628 1304 3120 1186 5906 357

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

SHARES OF CROATIA EXPORT, GROUPED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL REGION * * ) , ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION

OF COUNTRIES, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND CATEGORIES OF GOODS AS DEFINED BY SITC IN 1993.*)

- in % of total export

1993.*)

TOTAL (with ex-YU republ)

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC

France

.Italy

Netherlands

Germany

United Kingdom

Other

EFTA

Austria

Sweden

Switzerland

Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNT

Japan

USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIE

CIS (Ex USSR)

Other

Raw mater.

TOTAL Food Beverages

products and tobac.

100.00%

61.80%

53.47%

3.41%

21.22%

2.36%

22.93%

1.87%

1 67%

5.19%

3.33%

0.65%

1.03%

0 18%

3.14%

0.02%

2.09%

7.78%

4.44%

3.34%

9.41%

3 2 7 %

2.41%

0.05%

1.67%

0.08%

0.42%

0.08%

0.12%

0.27%

0.20%

0.04%

0.02%

0.00%

0.59%

0.00%

0.39%

1.34%

0.32%

1.02%

2.58%

0.50%

0.44%

0.00%

0.01%

0.00%

0.38%

0.01%

0.03%

0.04%

0 03%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.02%

0.00%

0.02%

0.20%

0.01%

0.18%

except

Fuel

and

fuel lubricant

6.08%

4.53%

3.89%

0.01%

3.44%

0.05%

0.29% 0.00%

0.10%

0.59%

0.50%

0.01%

0.07%

0.00%

0.06%

0.00%

0.04%

0.13%

0.01%

0.13%

9.66%

4.50%

3.95%

0.28%

2.73%

0.00%

0.37%

0.50%

0.06%

0.46%

0.44%

0.00%

0.01%

0.00%

0.09%

0.00%

0.00%

0.48%

0.01%

0.47%

Oils Products

and Chemical class, by

fats products i

0.10%

0.02%

0.01%

0.00%

0.00%

0.01%

0 .01%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

14.45%

8.54%

7.09%

0.33%

4.64%

0.16%

1.18%

0.18%

0.60%

0.48%

0.23%

0.00%

0.24%

0.00%

0.97%

0.00%

0.43%

1.20%

0.69%

0.31%

materials

13.47%

8.23%

6.69%

0.15%

3.10%

0.29%

2.47%

0.30%

0.38%

0.73%

0.54%

0.03%

0.07%

0.09%

0.81%

0.00%

0.73%

0.99%

0.43%

0.55%

Machines I

and trans

equipment

14.14%

6.43%

5.12%

1.83%

1.18%

0.06%

1.80%

0.08%

0.18%

1.12%

0.41%

0.42%

0.26%

0.03%

0.19%

0.00%

0.14%

2.44%

2.07%

0.37%

vliscelan.

ready-ma

de prod

29.94%

25.70%

23.80%

0.76%

4.43%

1.72%

15.98%

0.71%

0.20%

1.50%

0.96%

0.14%

0.33%

0.07%

0.40%

0.02%

0.34%

0.98%

0.73%

0.25%

Other

0.17%

0.08%

0.07%

0.00%

0.02%

0.00%

.0.03%

0.01%

0.00%

0.01%

0 .01%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00%

0.02%

0.02%

0.00%

LDC 4.86% 0.23% 0.02% 0.16% 0.73% 0.00% 0.82% 0.56% 2.18% 0.14% 0.02%

FORMER YU REPUBLICS

Slovenia

NOT DISTRIBUTED

2474%

18.23%

0.82%

4 55%

3.00%

0.02%

1.85%

0.43%

0.00%

1.25%

1.17%

0.00%

3.92%

3.08%

0.03%

0.08%

0.06%

0.00%

3.60%

2.69%

0.30%

3.67%

2.97%

0.02%

2.64%

2.24%

0.45%

3.13%

2.56%

0 00%

006%

0.04%

0.00%

H D> JT

> W

00

•D r SB

rro. a

© OJ

^ j •t». <7\ <3\

*) export of goods after processing is included

**) with export to Former Yugoslavia Countries

SHARES OF CROATIA IMPORT, GROUPED ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL REGION •*) , ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND CATEGORIES OF GOODS AS DEFINED BY SITC IN 1993.*)

in % of total import

1993.*) Raw mater. Fuel Oils Products Machines Miscelan.

TOTAL Food Beverages except and and Chemical class, by and trans ready-ma Other products and tobac. fuel lubricant fats products materials equipment de prod

TOTAL(with ex-YU republ)

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

EEC France

'Italy Netherlands Germany United Kingdom Other

EFTA Austria Sweden Switzerland Other

OTHER DEVELOPED COUNT Japan USA

EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIE CIS (Ex USSR) Other

100.00%

63.19%

48.24% 2.08%

18.89% 1.96%

21.23% 1.92% 2.15%

9.96% 6.66% 1.29% 1.69% 0.33%

4.98% 0.90% 2.65%

10.59% 5.60% 5.00%

7.65%

3.27%

2.76% 0.21% 0.85% 0.45% 0.91% 0.03% 0.30%

0.36% 0.30% 0.00% 0.02% 0.03%

0.16% 0.00% 0.04%

1.16% 0.04% 1.11%

0.80%

0.24%

0.18% 0.01% 0.07% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.07%

0.04% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.01% 0.00% 0.00%

0.02% 0.00% 0.02%

3.76%

1.72%

1.05% 0.02% 0.36% 0.09% 0.47% 0.02% 0.09%

0.20% 0.12% 0.05% 0.01% 0.01%

0.47% 0.00% 0.33%

0.60% 0.25% 0.36%

9.89%

1.41%

0.23% 0.00% 0.06% 0.01% 0.12% 0.01% 0.04%

0.20% 0.07% 0.00% 0.12% 0.00%

0.98% 0.00% 0.51%

4.07% 3.77% 0.30%

0.31%

0.20%

0.17% 0.00% 0.09% 0.02% 0.05% 0.00% 0.01%

0.03% 0.02% 001% 0.00% 000%

0.00% 000% 0.00%

0.04% 0.00% 0.04%

12.33%

8.23%

6.23% 0.35% 2.25% 0.31% 2.46% 0.39% 0.48%

1.55% 0.90% 0.03% 0.60% 0.02%

0.44% 0.09% 0.32%

1.04% 0.62% 0.42%

17.22%

8.88%

6.07% 0.20% 2.81% 0.14% 2.28% 0.20% 0.44%

2.51% 1.94% 0.14% 0.33% 0.10%

0.31% 0.03% 0.09%

2.69% 0.52% 2.17%

24.06%

21.12%

15.36% 1.00% 4.52% 0.22% 8.08% 1.00% 0.53%

3.76% 2.28% 0.95% 0.39% 0.14%

2.00% 0.69% 1.02%

0.58% 0.17% 0.42%

16.72%

12.96%

11.21% 0 26% 6.48% 0.29% 3.87% 0.15% 0.16%

1.21% 0.90% 0.09% 0.19% 0.02%

0.55% 0.09% 0.30%

0.12% 0 03% 0.08%

7.26%

, 5.16%

4.99% 0.01% 1.40% 0.42% 2.99% 0.13% 0.04%

0.11% 0.08% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00%

0.06% 0 00% 0.05%

0.27% 0.19% 0 08%

LDC 9.26% 1.21% 0.16% 1.02% 4.30% 0.00% 0.21% 0.39% 016% 0.16% 1.64%

FORMER YU REPUBLICS Slovenia

NOT DISTRIBUTED

16.56% 15.27%

0.40%

1.99% 1.73%

0.02%

0.34% 0.30%

0.03%

0.34% 0.30%

0.08%

0.09% 0.08%

0.01%

0.07% 0.07%

0.00%

2.81% 2.46%

0.03%

5.20% 4.89%

0.07%

2.17% 2.06%

0.03%

3.35% 319%

0.13%

0.19% 019%

0.01%

*) import of goods for processing is included **) with import from Former Yugoslavia Countries

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, processed by SIMAF

Table A3.20 Level of weighted customs duties in relation to the main foreign trade partners* (Germany. Italy. Austria and Slovenia

1991 1992 1993** 1993** 1993** 1993** 1993** CUSTOMS TAK1IT SKCTION

1

1 II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI

TOTAL

Imports Ilk 2

3.94% 1.68% 0.91% 3.78% I). 20% 1.59% 3.66%. 3.48%. 1.24% 1.74%. 6.17%: 9.43% 3.04%, 1.66% 1.83% 1.21%. 1.38%. 0.13% 12.77% 4.01% 0.00%

2.49%

Imports UK 3

4.05% 1.52% 0.91% 4.56% 0.20% 1.65% 3.31%. 3.49% 1.24%. 1.90% 5.95%. 9.44%. 2.97%. 1.66%. 1.91% 1.21% 1.37% 0.20%. 12.77% 4.12% 0.00%

3.01%.

Imports UK 4

4.98% 1.05% 0.91% 4.78%. 0.22%. 2.51% 2.82% 2.78%. 1.26%. 2.05%. 6.03%. 9.41% 2.89<% 1.66%. 2.26% 1.18%. 1.37%. 0.19%. 12.77%. 3.78% ().(K)%

2.00%

Germany 5

4.52%. 1.54% 0.91% 3.69% 0.20% 1.66%, 3.30% 3.30% 1.27%. 1.79%. 5.05%. 9.36% 2.96% 1.66% 1.87%. 1.18% 1.00% 0.12% 12.77% 3.96% 0.00%

1.84%.

Italy 6

5.57% 1.96%. 0.91% 3.86%. 0.21% 1.50%. 3.35% 3.74% 1.26% 1.86%. 5.61%. 9.35%. 2.93%. 1.66%. 1.84%. 1.19% 1.19%. 0.13%. 12.77%. 3.87%, 0.00%.

2.23%,

Austria 7

2.17% 1.84% 0.91% 3.61%. 0.14%. 1.48% 3.49% 2.88% 1.18%. 1.89% 6.77% 9.36% 2.95% 1.66%. 1.95% 1.18%. 0.78% 0.14% 12.77%, 3.81%. 0.00%.

2.23%,

Sloveni 8

4.98%, 1.05%. 0.91%

' 4.78%. 0.22%. 2.51% 2.82% 2.78%. 1.26% 2.05%. 6.03%. 9.41%. 2.89% 1.66% 2.26% 1.18%, 1.37%, 0.19%, 12.77% 3.78%, 0.00%

2.57%

lor the weighted duties the share of the imports under the customs headings for each section (for calculating the weighted customs duties), such that the © share of imports for the customs headings in regards to the total imports into Croatia for the particular year (for the total weighted duties). <"*

provisional data

Table A3.21 RANGES OF NOMINAL CUSTOM DUTIES AND OTHER IMPORT LEVIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA FOR THE YEARS 1991,1992 AND 1993 (in percentages).

Customs posit ion

Live animals and animal products Vegetable products Fats, oils, and waxes Food md. products tobacco, drinks Minerals Chemical products Plastics and rubber Leather and furs Wood and wood products Cellulose and paper Textiles Clothing, hats, umbrellas etc. Products from stone, cement, asbestos, ceramics, cement Pearls, precious stones and metal Metals and metal products Machines, apparatus, electro-technical equipment Vehicles, planes and their spares, ships, etc.

tariff rate

0-15 0-15 0-12

0-25 0-10 0-18 0-20 0 2 0 0-15 0-20 0-20

13-20

3-25

0 2 0 0 2 0

0-20

0-25

1991.

surcharge total

16 16 16

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

16

16

16 16

16

16

16-31 16-31 16-28

16-41 16-26 16-34 16-36 16-36 16-31 16-36 16-36

29-36

19-42

16-36 16-36

16-36

16-41

tariff rate

0-12 0-8 0-4

0-15 0-8 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-8 0-8 0-8

0-10

0-6

0-10 0-6

0-6

0-10

1992. (since 27 '. July)

surcharge total

23,5 23,5 23,5

23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,5

23,5

23,5

23,5 23,5

23,5

23,5

23,5-35,5 23,5-31,5 23,5-27,5

23,5-38,5 23,5-31,5 23,5-33,5 23,5-33,5 23,5-33,5 23,5-31,5 23,5-31,5 23,5-31,5

23,5-33,5

23,5-29,5

23,5-33,5 23,5-29,5

23,5-29,5

23,5-33,5

tariff rate

0-12 0-8 0 4

0-15 0-8 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-8 0-8 0-8

0-10

0-6

0-10 0-6

0-6

0-10

1993.

surcharge

1+10(15) 1 + 10(15) 1 + 10(15)

1+10(15) 1+10(15) 1 + 10(15) 1+10(15) 1+10(15) 1+10(15) 1+10(15) 1+10(15)

1+10(15)

1 + 10(15)

1+10(15) 1 + 10(15)

1+10(15)

1 + 10(15)

t total

11-23(28) 11-19(24) 11-15(20)

11-26(31) 11-19(24) 11-21(26) 11-21(26) 11-21(26) 11-19(24) 11-19(24) 11-19(24)

11-21(26)

11-17(22)

11-21(26) 11-17(22)

11-17(22)

11-21(26)

no r OQ - J

ON 5\ §

Customs position 1991. 1992. 1993. (since 27. July)

tariff surcharge total rate

tariff surcharge total rate

tariff surcharge total rate

Instruments 0-20 16 16-36 Arms and ammunition 5-25 16 21-41 Miscellaneous products 0-25 16 16-41 Works of Art, Art collections i antiques 5-15 16 21-31

0-3 23,5 23,5-26,5 0-18 23,5 23,5-41,5 0-18 23,5 23,5-41,5

0-3 1+10(15) 0-18 1+10(15) 0-18 1+10(15)

0 23,5 23,5

Total 0-25 16 16-41

11-14(19) 11-29(34) 11-29(34)

0 1+10(15) 11-14(16)

0-18 23,5 23,5-41,5 0-18 1+10(15) 11-29(34)

( ) Numbers given in parentheses indicate the size of the import duties for consumer goods Surcharge: - Fee for the customs evidence 1%

- Fee for adjustment of tax charge to the imported goods (not applicable as of 1993) - special import fee 10% ( since July, 1992 15% on consumer goods)

L/7466 Page 108

Table A3.22

Goods Classified under Quantity Quotas Regime (Official Gazette No 27/94)

01.02

01.03

0102.90 0102.901

*

0103.9 0103.91 0103.911 0103.92 0103.921

Live bovine animals -Other: -Bul ls Live swine: -Other: --Weighing less than 50 kg —for breeding -Weighing 50 kg or more —for breeding

01.05

03.01

03.02

Live poultry, that is to say, fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea fowls

0105.1 0105.11

0105.111 0105.19 0105.9 0105.91

0105.911 0105.99 0105.991

0301.9 0301.91

0301.993

0302.1

0302.6

Weighing not more than 185 g: -Fowls of the species Gallus

domesticus —for breeding -other: -Other: -Fowls of the species Gallus domesticus: —for breeding -Other: —other

Live fish: Other live fish: -Trout (Salmo trutta, Salmo gairdneri, Salmo clarki, Salmo aguabonita, Salmo gilae) -Carp

Fish, fresh or chilled, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading No.03.04 Trout (Salmo trutta, Salmo gairdneri, Salmo clarki, Salmo aguabonita, Salmo gilae) Other fish, excluding livers and roes:

03.03

0302.61 Sardines (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinops spp.), sardinella (Sardinella spp.), brisling or sprats (Sprattus sprattus)

L/7466 Page 109

0302.69 0302.691

•

0303.2

0302.21

0303.29 0303.291 0303.7

0303.71

Other: Fresh-water fish

Fish, frozen, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading No. 03.04 Other salmonidae, excluding livers and roes -Trout (Salmo trutta, Salmo gairdneri, Salmo clarki, Salmo aguabonita, Salmo gilae) -other — fresh-water fish -other fish, excluding livers and roes Sardines (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinops spp.), sardinella (Sardinella spp.), brisling or sprats (Sprattus sprattus)

04.01

04.02

04.05

06.02

Milk and cream, not concentrated nor containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

0401.10 -Of a fat content, by weight, not exceeding 1%

0401.30 -Of a fat content, by weight, exceeding 6%

0401.309 -other

Milk and cream concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

0402.2 -In powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content, by weight exceeding 1.5%

0402.29 -other

0405.00 Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk

0405.002 —processed butter

Other live plants (including their roots,cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn

L/7466 Page 110

07.01

07.03

0602.10 0602.101 0602.109 0602.20

0602.201 0602.209

0701.10 •

0703.10 0703.101 0703.109

-Unrooted cuttings and slips —vines —other -Edible fruit or nut trees, shrubs and bushes, grafted or not —vines —other

Potatqes, fresh or chilled -seed

Onions, shallots, garlic, leeks and other alliaceous vegetables, fresh or chilled Onions and shallots "arpadzik" other

07.04

0704.90

Cabbages, cauliflowers, kohlrabi, kale and similar edible brassicas, fresh or chilled -other

07.05

07.06

07.07

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and chicory (Cichorium spp.), fresh or chilled

0705.1 Lettuce 0705.11 Cabbage lettuce (head lettuce)

Carrots, turnips, salad beetroot, salsify, celeriac, radishes and similar edible roots, fresh or chilled

0706.10 Carrots and turnips

0707.00 Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled

07.08

08.06

Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, fresh or chilled

0708.10 -Peas (pisum sativum) 0708.20 -Beans (Vigna spp., Phaseolus spp.)

Grapes, fresh or dried 0806.10 -Fresh

08.08 Apples, pears and quinces, fresh 0808.10 -Apples

0808.20 -Pears and quinces

08.09

10.01

10.05

0809.20 0809.30

•

1001.10 1001.101 1001.102

1005.10 1005.101 1005.109

1102.90

Apricots, cherries, peaches (including nectarines), plums, fresh -Cherries and sour cherries -Peaches, including nectarines

Wheat and muslin: -Durum wheat —Seed —other

Maize (corn) -Seed -Hybrid —other

Cereal flours other than of wheat or muslin -Other

11.02

12.09 seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

1209.1 -Beet seed 1209.11 --Sugar beet seed 1209.19 --Other 1209.2 Seeds of forage plants, other than

beet seed 1209.21 Lucerne (alfalfa) seed 1209.22 Clover (Trifolium spp.) seed 1209.23 Fescue seed

15.01 1501.00 Lard, other pig fat and poultry fat, rendered, whether or not processed or solvent-extracted.

1501.009 -Other

16.04 Prepared or preserved fish; caviar and caviar substitutes prepared from fish eggs

1604.1 -Fish, whole or in pieces, but not minced:

1604.13 --Sardines, sardinella and brisling or sprats

1604.15 --Mackerel

L/7466 Page 112 17.01

17.03

Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form

1701.1 Row sugar not containing added flavouring and colouring matter

1701.11 Cane sugar 1701.12 Beet sugar

Molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar

1703.10 • Came molasses 1703.90 -Other: 1703.909 Other

20.05

2005.30 2005.70

Other vegetables prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid, not frozen -Sauerkraut -Olives

22.04

22.06

22.07

2204.2

2204.21 2204.212 2204.2129 2204.292 2204.2929 2204.293 2204.30

2206.00

2206.004

2207.10

2207.101 2207.109 2207.20

Wine or fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of heading No. 20.09 Other wine: grape must with fermentation prevented or arrested by the addition of alcohol - In containers holding 2 I or less —quality wine -—other —quality wine —other —dessert wine -Other grape must

Other fermented beverages (for example, cider, perry, mead) —wine of dried grapes

Undenaturated ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80% vol or higher; ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denaturated, of any strength Undenaturated ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80% or higher synthetic other Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denaturated, of any strength

L/7466 Page 113

2207.201 synthetic 2207.209 other

22.08 Undenaturated ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages; compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages.

2208.10 Compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages

2208.20 Spirits obtained by distilling grape wine or grape marc

2208.202 — grape brandy and wine-brandy (distilled from marc)

2208.209 — other 2208.90 - Other 2208.902 —wine distillate 2208.909 — other

22.09 2209.00 vinegar and substitutes for vinegar obtained from acetic acid.

2209.001 —wine 2209.002 —fruit 2209.009 —other

23.02 Bran, sharps and other residues, whether or not in the form of pellets, derived from the sifting, milling or other working of cereals or of leguminous plants.

22302.10 -of maize (corn) 2230.30 -of wheat 2230.40 -of other cereals 2230.50 -of leguminous plants

25.01 2501.00 Salt (including table salt and denaturated salt) and pure sodium chloride, whether or not in aqueous solution; sea water.

2501.001 —common salt

25.23 Portland cement, aluminous cement ("ciment fondu"), slag cement, supersulphate cement and similar hydraulic cements, whether or not coloured or in the form of clinkers

L/7466 Page 114

2523.2 2523.21

2523.211

2523.219 2523.29 2523.291

2523.299 2523.30

2523.90

-Portland cement --white cement, whether or not artificially coloured: —for cementing of oil and gas wells —other -other — for cementing of oil and gas wells , —other -Aluminous cement ("ciment fondu") -Other hydraulic cements

27.02 Brown coal and lignite, whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet.

2702.10 -Brown coal and lignite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated

27.10 2710.00 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or included, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations.

2710.01 —engine petrol and other light oils

2710.011 -—plane petrol 2710.013 —other engine petrols 2710.03 —heavy oils 2710.031 -—gas diesel fuels 2710.032 -—gas heating oils 2710.039 -—other gas oils 2710.049 -—other heating oils

28.14 Ammonia, anhydrous or in aqueous solution:

2814.10 - anhydrous ammonia

29.03 Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons

2903.2 -Unsaturated chlorinated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons

L/7466 Page 115

2903.21 —Vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)

29.33 Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only; nucleic acids and their salts.

2933.6 -Compounds containing an unfused triazine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure

2933.69 • -other: 2933.691 —triazines (simazine, atrazine,

ametrine and prometrine)

31.02 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous

3102.10 -Urea, whether or not in aqueous solution

3102.30 -Ammonium nitrate.whether or not in aqueous solution

3102.40 - Mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium carbonate or other inorganic nonfertilising substances

3102.80 -Mixtures of urea and ammonium nitrate in aqueous or ammoniacal solution

31.05 Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing two or three of the fertilising elements nitrogen phosphorus and potassium; other fertilisers; goods of this Chapter in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding 10 kg.

3105.20 -Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing the three fertilising elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

3105.30 -Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)

3105.40 -Ammonium dihydrogenorthophosphate (monoammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof with diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)

36.05 3605.00 Matches, other than pyrotechnic articles of heading No. 36.04

L/7466 Page 116

39.01 Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms.

3901.10 -Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than o.94

39.03 Polymers of styrene, in primary forms;

3903.199^ ---other

39.04 Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated defines, in primary forms

3904.10 -Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances

48.05

4805.10

4805.2 4805.22

4805.29 4805.60

4805.601 4805.609

Other uncoated paper and paperboard, in rolls or sheets - Semi-chemical fluting paper (corrugating medium) -Multi-ply paper and paperboard: -With only one outer layer bleached - Other -Other paper and paperboard, weighing 150 g/sq m or less —fluting of old paper —Other

48.08 Paper and paperboard, corrugated (with or without glued flat surface sheets), crept, crinkled, or perforated, in rolls or sheets, other than of heading No. 48.03 or 48.18.

4808.10 -Corrugated paper and paperboard, whether or not perforated

54.07 Woven fabrics of synthetic filament yarn, including woven fabrics obtained from materials of heading No. 54.04

54.08 Woven fabrics of artificial filament yarn, including woven fabrics obtained from materials of heading No.54.05.

L/7466 Page 117

55.12

55.14

55.16

Woven fabrics of synthetic staple fibres, containing 85% or more by weight of synthetic staple fibres

Woven fabrics of synthetic staple fibres, containing less than 85% by weight of such fibres, mixed mainly or solely with cotton, of a weight exceeding 170 g/sq m

Woven fabrics of artificial staple fibres.

69.04

6904.10 6904.90

Ceramic building bricks, flooring blocks, support or filler tiles and the like. -Building bricks -Other "

69.05

70.03

Roofing tiles, chimney-pots, cowls, chimney liners, architectural ornaments and other ceramic constructional goods.

6905.10 -Roofing tiles

Cast glass or rolled glass, in sheets or in profiles, whether or not having an absorbent or reflecting layer, but not otherwise worked.

7003.1 - Non-wired sheets. 7003.11 --Coloured throughout the mass

(body tinted), opaque, flashed or having an absorbent or reflecting layer.

7003.19 -other: 7003.191 —optical 7003.199 —other 7003.20 -Wired sheets 7003.30 -Profiles

72.13

7213.10

Bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, of iron or non-alloy steel. -Containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process

L/7466 Page 118

7213.3

7213.31

7213.311 7213.319 7213.4

.

7213.41

7213.411 7213.419 7213.49 7213.50

7213.501 7213.509

-Other containing by weight less than 0.25 % of carbon --Of circular cross-section measuring less than 14 mm in diameter — of 6 mm diameter or more — other -Other, containing by weight 0.25% or more but less than 0.6% of carbon: -Of circular cross-section measuring less than 14 mm in diameter —of 6 mm diameter or more —other -other -Other, containing by weight 0.6% or more of carbon —of 6 mm diameter or more —other

72.14 Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling:

7214.20 -Containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling

7214.40 -Other, containing by weight less than 0.25 % of carbon:

7214.401 —Reinforcement rods 7214.409 —other 7214.50 -Other, containing by weight 0.25%

or more but less than 0.6% or more of carbon

7214.501 —Reinforcement rods 7214.509 —other 7214.60 -Other, containing by weight 0.6%

or more of carbon

72.15 Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel

7215.20 -Other, not further worked than cold-formed or cold-finished, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon

L/7466 Page 119

72.17 Wire of iron or non-alloy steel

73.04

7217.1

7217.111

7217.119

•

7304.10

7304.20

7304.202

7304.3

7304.31

7304.311 7304.319

-Containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon: —flat of the JUS quality C-1120 and C-1220 —other

Tubes, pipes, hollow profiles, seamless, of iron (other than cast iron) or steel. -Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines -Casing, tubing and drill pipe, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas: —Casing made of other kinds of steel, of external diameter less than 16" -Other, of circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel: -Cold-drawn or cold-rolled (cold-reduced): —precision-drawn tubes and pipes —other

73.06 Other tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (for example, open seam or welded, riveted or similarly closed), of iron or steel:

7306.10 -Line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines

7306.20 -Casing and tubing of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas

7306.201 — casing of external diameter less than 16"

7306.202 —producing tubes of external diameter less than 3 1/2"

7306.209 —other 7306.30 -Other, welded, of circular cross-

section, of iron ornon-alloy steel 7306.40 -Other, welded, of circular cross-

section, of stainless steel 7306.50 -Other, welded, of circular cross-

section, of other alloy steel 7306.60 -Other, welded, of non-circular

cross-section

L/7466 Page 120 82.02

8202.20 8202.202 8202.3

8202.31 8202.311 8202.9 • 8202.91

8202.911

Hand saws; blades for saws of all kinds (including slitting, slotting or toothless saw blades): -Band saw blades —for wood -Circular saw blades, including milling cutter in the shape of saw -With working part of steel —for metal -Other saw blades: -Straight saw blades, for working metal —for machine-saws

83.11 Wire, rods, tubes, plates, electrodes and similar products, of base metal or of metal carbides, coated or cored with flux material, of a kind used for soldering, brazing, welding or deposition of metal or metallic carbides; wire and rods, of agglomerated base metal powder, used for metal spraying:

8311.10 -Coated electrodes of base metal, for electric arc-welding

84.08 Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines)

8408.10 -Marine propulsion engines

84.29 Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers

8429.5 -Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders

8429.51 -front end shovel loaders 8429.513 — up to 184 kW, with wheels 8429.52 -Machinery with a 360° revolving

superstructure 8429.528 Mechanical shovels with wheels

84.33 Harvesting or threshing machinery, including straw or fodder balers; grass or hay mowers; machines for cleaning , sorting or grading eggs,

84.57

fruit or other agricultural produce, other than machinery of heading No. 84.37.

8433.5 -Other harvesting machinery; threshing machinery

8433.51 -Combine harvester-threshers 8433.511 -for wheat and maize 8433.53 -Root or tuber harvesting machines

Machining centres, unit construction machines (single station) and multi-station transfer machines, for working metal:

8457.10 -Machining centres 8457.20 -Unit construction machines (single

station) 8457.30 -Multi-station transfer machines

L/7466 Page 121

84.58 Lathes for removing metal:

84.59

8458.1 8458.11 8458.19

8459.10 8459.2 8459.21 8459.211 8459.219 8459.29 8459.3 8459.31 8459.39 8459.5 8459.51 8459.59 8459.591

8459.6 8459.61 8459.611 8459.619 8459.699

-Horizontal lathes -Numerically controlled - other

Machine tools (including way-type unit head machines) for drilling, boring, milling, threading or tapping by removing metal, other than lathes or heading No.84.58 -Way-type unit head machines -Other drilling machines -numerically controlled —co-ordinate —other -other -Other boring-milling machines: -Numerically controlled -other -Milling machines, knee-type -Numerically controlled -other: —copying multi-arbour milling machines and milling machines for engraving -other milling machines -numerically controlled —portal —other —other

L/7466 Page 122

84.61 Machine-tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine-tools working by removing metal carbides or cermets, not elsewhere specified or included

8461.50 -Sawing or cutting-off machines

84.65 Machine-tools (including machines for nailing, stapling, gluing or otherwise assembling) for working wood, cork, bone, hard rubber, hard plastics or similar hard materials

8465.9 -Other: 8465.91 --Sawing machines 8465.92 --Planing, milling or moulding (by

cutting) machines

84.81 taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including pressure-reducing valve and thermostatically controlled valves

8481.80 -Other appliances

85.01 Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets):

8501.40 -Other AC motors, single phase 8501.5 -Other AC motors, multi-phase 8501.51 -Of an output not exceeding 750 W 8501.52 -Of an output exceeding 750 W but

not exceeding 75 kW 8501.53 -Of an output exceeding 75 kW 8501.6 -AC generators (alternators) 8501.61 -Of an output not exceeding 75 kVA 8501.62 -Of an output exceeding 75 kVA,

but not exceeding 375 kVA 8501.63 Of an output exceeding 375 kVA but

not exceeding 750 kVA 8501.64 Of an output exceeding 750 kVA

85.04 Electrical transformers, static converters (for example, rectifiers) and inductors.

8504.2 -Liquid dielectric transformers:

L/7466 Page 123

8504.21 --Having a power handling capacity not exceeding 650 kVA

8504.211 —measuring 8504.219 —other 8504.22 -Having a power handling capacity

exceeding 650 kVA but not exceeding 10.000 kVA

8504.23 Having a power handling capacity exceeding 10.000 kVA

08 Electro-mechanical tools for working in the hand, with self-contained electric motor:

8508.10 -Drills of all kinds 8508.20 -Saws 8508.80 -Other tools

17 Electrical apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy, including such apparatus for carrier-current line systems.

8517.30 -Telephonic or telegraphic switching apparatus

8517.302 —automatic telephonic and telegraphic appliances and appliances for telephonic data transfer

30 Electrical signalling, safety or traffic control equipment for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations or airfields (other than those of heading No. 86.08)

8530.80 -other equipment

01 Rail locomotives powered from an external source of electricity or by electric accumulators

8601.10 -Powered from an external source of electricity

8601.102 —for standard gauge

05 Railway or tramway passenger coaches not self-propelled; luggage vans, post office coaches and other special purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled

L/7466 Page 124

86.06

(excluding those of heading No. 86.04)

8605.002 —railway coaches, passenger, post office, luggage and official

8606.10 8606.30

•

8606.9 8606.91 8606.919 8606.99 8606.991

Railway or tramway goods vans and wagons, not self-propelled -Tank wagons and the like -Self-discharging vans and wagons, other than those of subheading No.8605.10 or 8606.20 -Other --Covered and closed —other —other: —tramway coaches

87.01 Tractors (other than tractors of heading No. 87.09)

8701.10 -Pedestrian controlled tractors 8701.101 — not more than 10 kW 8701.102 —more than 10 kW 8701.90 -Other 8701.901 -agricultural up to 50 kW 8701.902 —agricultural more than 50 kW,

but less than 110 kW

87.02 Public-transport type passenger motor vehicles

8702.10 -With compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel)

8702.101 buses, composted

87.05 Special purposes motor vehicles, other than those principally designed for the transport of persons or goods (for example, breakdown lorries, crane lorries, fire fighting vehicles, concrete­mixer lorries, road sweeper lorries, spraying lorries, mobile workshops, mobile radiological units)

8705.10 -Crane lorries

L/7466 Page 125

ANNEX 4

TABLE A4.1 The Accountancy Law definition of small and medium-sized enterprises

Small enterprises are enterprises whose data do not exceed two of the following three criteria:

1. The sum of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet after deduction of any losses contained on the asset side

- equivalent of up to 2 million DEM

2. Revenues in the previous 12 months

- equivalent of up to 4 million DEM

3. Average number of employees per year

- up to 50

Medium-sized enterprises are enterprises whose data exceed the limits listed above, but do not exceed two of the following three criteria:

1. The sum of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet after deduction of any losses contained on the asset side

- equivalent of up to 8 million DEM

2. Revenues in the previous 12 months

- equivalent of up to 16 million DEM

3. Average number of employees per year

- up to 250

L/7466 Page 126

ANNEX 5

PRIVATISATION UPDATE - CROATIA

(As of 31 January, 1994)

The Government of the Republic of Croatia through its Croatian Privatisation Fund (CPF) is in the final stages of completing the transformation of "socially-owned" enterprises into joint-stock or limited liability companies that have defined ownership structures. Regardless of the circumstances under which this transformation is taking place, significant achievements have been made in actually privatising the majority of the share capital of the former "socially-owned" enterprises.

According to the Law on the Transformation of Socially-Owned Enterprises, which came into effect in April 1991, 2877 applications for autonomous privatisation/transformation have been received of which 2349 (82%) have been given approval by the CPF to proceed with the selected model of privatisation. Several amendments to the Law have been made since it came into effect to improve the actual privatisation process, however, the main objective still remains, that is, to transform the enterprises into companies with transparent owners. Of the 2349 companies that have been given approval by the CPF, 1907 (81%) have registered as of the 20th of January 1994. Please refer to Figure A5.1 for a graphic summary of the privatization process in Croatia.

information should be noted. In order to better understand Figure A5.1 the following

Former "socially-owned" companies that opted for an autonomous privatisation process had to submit an application to the CPF by the end of June 1992. (A small percentage of companies were granted extensions due to war damage or inaccessibility in temporarily occupied areas).

The CPF, once it received the applications, screened the auditing and legal documents prior to giving approval to ensure that the transformation would be carried out according to the Law.

Once approval has been given by the CPF the current procedure is for the enterprise to invite employees, former employees and other Croatian citizens to subscribe to a maximum of 50% of the Asset value of the enterprise. The remaining 50% (plus the remainder of the first 50%, if valid) is offered for sale to the public by the CPF under a closed tender system.

L/7466 Page 127

Two thirds (2/3) of the unsold portion is automatically transferred to the CPF, whereas, the remaining one third (1/3) is transferred in equal portions to the two Pension Funds.

Regardless of whether a "private" owner was found in the first stage of the privatisation process, the ownership structure is clear and the company undergoes a registration process with the commercial courts.

Those former "socially-owned" companies that did not submit an autonomous application were transferred (100%) automatically to the CPF as of the 31 December, 1992.

Table A5.1 gives details of the actual data on the privatisation process based on the 1907 companies that have been registered. Considering the current economic, political (war/aggression) and social conditions, the results are very promising and indicate a high success rate.

Autonomous Privatization (as of 20th January, 1994)

T3 r (a ^ .

OQ - J

_ O

00

30th June 1992

A U T O N O M O U S PRIVATIZATION APPLICATION P R O C E D U R E

Pending Approval

18%

Total: 2349

Approved 82%

Pending Registration

19%

Registered 8 1 % '

(Q c

> en

STAGE I

APPROVAL PROCESS PRELIMINARY SALE 50% TO EMPLOYEES 50% (+ REMAINDER) PUBLIC OFFERS (TENDERS)

REGISTRATION PROCESS

STAGE II

SALE OF CPF PORTOFOLIO via AUCTIONS or TENDERS

RESTRUCTURING PORTFOLIO CLEANING CONSIDERATION OF

DISTRIBUTION OF CPF SHARES VIA INVESTMENT/ /MUTUAL FUNDS

Source: Croatian Privatization Fund, Zagreb, 20 January, 1994 EDP Dep.

L/7466 Page 129

Although the process of approval by the CPF has

almost been completed many companies are still undergoing the registration

formalities with the commercial courts and therefore a detailed analysis at this stage

can only be made for the 1907 that have actually been registered up to the 20th of

January, 1994.

According to the 1907 registered companies 890

(46.7%) have been completely (100%) privatised (i.e. not including the State (CPF) or

the two Pension Funds). Actually, the percentage of companies that can be

considered to be able to operate as "private" companies is much higher (85.5%) if the

companies with a CPF minority stake are taken into account. This is of particular

importance as the CPF, in the companies where it has minority stakes cannot make

decisions that are contrary to the wishes of the majority, truly private, shareholders.

Figure A5.2 below shows the ownership structure according to the number of

registered companies.

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE According to the Number of Registered Companies

a *>•

o

Total = 1907

46%

39%

(Q c

> en ro

15%

Source: Croatian Privatization Fund, Zagreb, 20 January, 1994 EDP Dep.

L/7466 Page 131

A large proportion of the small and medium enterprises

have achieved high levels of privatisation compared with the larger companies and as

a result it is better to show the ownership structure according to the total share capital

of the 1907 registered companies. Figure A5.3 below shows the distribution of the

total assets, whereas Figure A5.4 shows the proportion of the three major

shareholders i.e. private, CPF and Pension Funds. It should be noted that the CPF is

bound by Law to transfer its portion (34.1%) of the total assets to private owners. This

is currently being done by various methods the most prominent of which is direct

sales via public auctions and tenders.

The total revenue from the process of privatisation to

date amounts to 614.3 million DM. This is far short of the total asset value of the

privatised shares. However, this can be explained by the fact that the majority of

shares have been purchased on an instalment basis over a five year period. This form

of purchasing shares by employees, former employees and other Croatian citizens

was introduced to alleviate the hardships due to the impact of the war(aggression)

and unfavourable economic conditions that reflect upon the standards of living of

Croatian citizens. Also, a method of paying for shares with "frozen foreign savings

accounts" has been introduced to reduce the public debt that was inherited from the

former system. Figure A5.5 shows the total revenue accrued from the privatisation

process to date.

ASSETS (billions DM)

18.00 DM T

16.00 DM -

14.00 DM -

12 00 DM

10.00 DM

8.00 DM

6.00 DM ]

4.00 DM

2.00 DM

0.00 DM

16.7b DM

DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL ASSETS FROM 1907 REGISTERED COMPAINES

TOTAL for 1907 COMPANIES

8.1b DM

5.7b DM

2.9b DM

PRIVATE SHAREHOLDERS

CPF PENSION FUNDS

Source: Croatian Privatization Fund, Zagreb, 20 January, 1994

According to the share capital (=16.7b DM) of the 1907 registered companies

CPF 34%

PENSION FUNDS 17%

PRIVATE SHAREHOLDERS 49%

to c >

«a S

Source: Croatian Privatization Fund, Zagreb 20 January 1994 EDP Dep.

TOTAL REVENUE FROM THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION/PRIVATIZATION

(614.3 mDM)

41%

59%

Source: Croatian Privatization Fund, Zagreb, 20 January, 1994

L/7466 Page 135

Unfortunately, due to the excess number of companies

being offered for sale not only in Croatia but also throughout Central and Eastern

Europe, many shares will remain in the hands of the CPF indefinitely as there is a

general lack of demand from investors (both foreign and domestic). The problem is

further aggravated by the fact that many Western countries are at the same time

privatising far more attractive companies in much more stable environments.

For this reason the Croatian Government and the CPF

are looking at various means of further privatising its portion of shares within the

transformed enterprises. Portfolio cleaning and restructuring programmes are being

considered for the companies where the CPF has a majority stake, especially in

companies that have potential buyers. A distribution of CPF portfolio shares is also

being considered via "Investment or Mutual Funds". Stage two of the privatisation

process has already begun and will accelerate with the further improvement of the

economic environment as a result of the Croatian Government's stabilisation efforts.

L/7466 Page 136

INFORMATION ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF 1907 COMPANIES

Table A5.1

NUMBER OF COMPANIES

SHARE CAPITAL

SOCIAL CAPITAL

GOMmETED FURTHER CAPITAL

INVESTMENTS

TRANSFORMED RECEIVABLES

INTO SHARES (DEBT - EQUITY

SWAP)

GOVERNMENT BONDS

TRANSFORMED PARTïCtPAnON /

INVESTMENTS INTO SHARES

NUMBER OF BUYERS

SOLOIl

TRANSFERRED TO THÉ FUNDS

SOLD

FURTHER CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

DISCOUNT FOR FURTHER

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS

TRANSFORMED RECEIVABLES

INTO SHARES (DEBT - EQUITY

SWAP)

GOVERNMENT BONDS

FUNDS

TRANSFERRED TO THE CPF

AVERAGE SHARE CAPITAL

AVERAGE NUMBER OF BUYERS ,

100% PRIVATIZED

COMPANIES

890

1,404,723,858 DM

1,296,688,51 r DM

42,662,818 DM

35,962,542 DM

7,020,446 DM

38,012,659 DM

68,623

1,269,826,121 DM

ODM

90.40%

3.04%

1.31%

5.27%

0.50%

0.00%

0.00%

1,578,341 DM

CPFM/NOR/TY

SHAREHOLDING

739

7,672,960,160 DM

6.856,740,533 DM

83,235,441 DM

614,220,200 DM

103,430,070 DM

84,880,593 DM

238,754

4^92,07^858 DM

2,471,817,345 DM

55.94%

1.08%

0.26%

9.11%

1.35% 32.21%

21.48%

10.382,896 DM:

77.10 ,323,08

CPFMAJORITY

SHAREHOLDING

278

7,627,938.867 DM

7,362.223.004 DM .:.:.•;->;••.,--,;:,. :,.••.;-. , . , . . . . . • : • ,.: • :••: r"'ï, ••

53,636,695 DM

39,453.616 DM

6 0 , 9 2 3 , 6 6 7 D M

136.454,48$ DM

85,802

1,272,795,126 DM

6,109,485^78 DM

16.69%

0.70%

0.00%

2.31%

0.80% 80.09%

53.40%

27,438,629 DM

308,64

TOTAL

1,907

16,705.622,885 DM

15,515,650,054 DM

170,534^54 DM

689,630,358 DM

171,374,182 DM

25&,347J7170M

393,179

! $834s692;105DM

8,581,303,323 DM

40.91%

1.07%

0.33%

5.68%

1.03% 51.37%

34.25%

8,766,159 DM

206-18