recent tests of realistic models

13
This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. Download details: IP Address: 54.211.61.36 This content was downloaded on 20/07/2016 at 02:57 Please note that terms and conditions apply. Recent tests of realistic models View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more 2009 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 174 012014 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/174/1/012014) Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience

Upload: independent

Post on 02-Mar-2023

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text.

Download details:

IP Address: 54.211.61.36

This content was downloaded on 20/07/2016 at 02:57

Please note that terms and conditions apply.

Recent tests of realistic models

View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more

2009 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 174 012014

(http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/174/1/012014)

Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience

������������������ �������������������� � ��������

���! #"�$%�! '&("��!)+*-,/.10% 324�65879"� 3:;5<$%�! <0=*#>+>?�@,BAC*D"FEG H��5<>+ <0%5<IJ5#,/AC*D"�EK �L"�*#M35<$%>+*N,POQ*DR?"��6S8�6 '2T�!*DEK5U>V7F�W>?�X,ZY�*%[65U>V7F�W>+*'\]E�^Q587J7F�W>?�_*#>Q)`2a*D %[! �b�"�*#�W>+*c6dWegfhegiFegjk?lnmofpjrq�lnsptBuFfKvQfxwytyzgw{l}|atye~zgjnsxjn�rfpw{lJ�8�Je~zXlruFl_u9tospsxtB�]l�wowotB�9�n�<�o�9�{�r���<jnzgfpq�j9��c�eXlnsh��=���}lnfps��<�]�6���n�J�n���J�n�r�J�����9�@�]�~���

�} =¡o¢o£�¤�¥r¢r¦ c6qLeg§�fpd¨l�z~egfpwosptª©]t�«9zgtod~toq�e}zgtowotoq�e¬lnwyegfp­Jfhe!�®jn¯/jniFz¬s°l�±²jnzXl�egjnzgfptodajnq�egtodWegfpq���d~«²towyfp³�w§Ffxu�uFtyq(­nl�zgfxln±Fsxt}��jJu9tospd/lnq�u4fxq(«�l�z~egfpwoiFsxl�z/©]t¨uFfpd~woiFd~dZeg§�t_zgt{l�spfxmol�egfpjrqFdjn¯-´QspfxwXµJfD¶ª­rl�q(v-�FqTegtodWel�q�u¬egtydWegdQj�¯#�F�D·¸l�q�uaj�¯#�Fl�qJegjndo¹���jJu9tospdoº

»#¼T½ IF^Q %"97¾IF¿+M'M3*#"9ÀÁ #¬*3[! %>+$Ã^?�!I�79 #"FÀÄ}ÅDƪÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÉ�Ç�ÊnÅËÊ1ÌKÍDÊ1Æ�ÇnÍDÎÏÍ=ÐÒÑ�ÅDÆTÓ]ÌKÈ�È�Î�Ô%Õ�ÆÖÆ1×UÎÏÈ�Ñ{ÆJÍDÊ1ÆT̲ØZɾÊ�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕQÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù�ÚWÎ~ÛhƲÛ�ÉÒÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù;ܨÅ=Æ�Ç�ÆTɲÕ�ÕNÑ�Å=ÆÝ É²ÕÏÞ=ÆJÈ4̲Ø}̲Ô#È{Æ�Ç Ý É�Ô#ÕÏÆJÈ4É�Ç�Æ�ß=Æ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�à¾ÎÏÍDÎÏÈ{Ñ�Î�Ê�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù�áD×<ÆJßÃÔ8ÙÃÈ{ÌKà�Æ�ÅDÎÏßDß=ÆJÍ Ý É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�ÆJÈ�âPÉäã¬ÎÏß#ß=ÆJÍ3å/É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�ÆÄ}ÅDÆ�̲Ç�Ù²â#ã¬åaĬæ�É�Ô#Õ�Æ�Ñ{Ì®Ç�Æ�ÓDÇ�ÌUßDÞDÊ1ÆÖÑ�Å=Æ4Ç�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕ�Ñ�È̲Ø�çªÞDɲÍGÑ�Þ#àéèêÆJÊnÅDɲÍDÎÏÊ�È(Úgçªè�æ�ÅDɲȬÉ�Ó#ÕÏÞ=ÇnÎÏß=ÆJÊ1ÆJÍDÍDÎ�ɲÕÅDÎ�È{Ñ{̲Ç�Ù²â=È{Ñ{ÆJàÒàÒÎ�Í=Ð�Ø6Ç�ÌKàëÑ�Å=ÆÒìJí²î²ïÒð�ÎÏÍDÈ{Ñ{ÆJÎÏÍ=ñXò+ÌUß=ÌKÕÏÈ�ó8Ù8ñXô}ÌKÈ{ÆJÍLÓ#É�Ó]Æ�ÇTõöì1÷gâ=ܬÅ=Æ�Ç�ƪÑ�Å=Æ�Ê1ÌKà�Ó%Õ�Æ�Ñ{ÆJÍ=ÆJÈ�È�̲ØçªèøÜɲȨù<Þ=ÆJÈ{Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ=ÆJß-Ûú Í�ìJí²û�ü�ý_ÆJÕÏÕZÈ�Å=Ì9Ü_ÆJß�Ñ�ÅDÉ�ѪØ!Ì²ÇªÆ Ý Æ�Ç�ÙäþQÌ<Ê�ɲÕZãaÎÏßDßDÆJÍËå/É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�Æ�Ä}Å=Æ�̲Ç�ÙÃÚWþQã¬åaÄaæ�õhÿ�÷gâ-Ê1̲Ç�Ç�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈ

ɲà�ÌKÍDÐ�Ê1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍä̲Ô#È{Æ�Ç Ý É�Ô#Õ�ÆJÈÖà(ÞDÈ{ÑÖÈ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ø!Ù�É�È{Æ�ÑÖ̲Ø�ÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ4Ú!Ñ�ÅDÆ�ý_ÆJÕÏÕ��pÈ ú Í=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ�ÎÏÆJÈ�â%ý ú Ènæ¨Ü¨ÅDÎÏÕ�ÆØ!̲ǬçªèøÑ�Å=Æ�Ù®Ê�ɲÍ;Ô]Æ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJßNÛ ú Í�ÓDÇ�ɲÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÊ1Ʋâ=Æ Ý ÆJÍ�Ñ�Å=ÌKÞ=ÐKÅ;àÒɲÍ8ÙLÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�È�â=àÒɲÎ�ÍDÕ�Ù�Ç�ÆJɲÕÏÎ���ÆJß�ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÍ=ÐKÕ�ÆJßÃÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈLÚWÈ{Æ�Æ�ÕÏÎÏÈ{Ñ®õhî�÷!ænâPÅ#É Ý Æ�È�Å=Ì9Ü¬Í Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ3̲Ø}ý ú È�âPÑ�Å=ÆJÎÏÇ4ÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÓDÇ�Æ�Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ3ɲÕ�ÜÉJÙUÈ�Ê�ɲÕÏÕÏÈØ!̲Ç4ɲßDß#Î�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDɲÕ/Å8Ù<ÓV̲Ñ�ÅDÆJÈ�ÎÏÈ�ßDÞDƾÑ{Ì�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕBÕ�ÎÏàÒÎ�Ñ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#È�Û ú Í3Ó%É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÞDÕÏÉ�Ç4à�ÌKÈ{ÑT̲Ø�Ñ�ÅDÌKÈ{ƾÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕ�Ñ�ÈÇ�ÆJÕÏÙËÌKÍÃÑ�Å=ƮɲÊ�Ê1ÆJÈ�È{̲Ç�Ù3ɲÈ�È�ÞDà�ÓDÑ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ñ�ÅDÉ�ÑTÑ�Å=Æ®Æ Ý ÆJÍGÑ�È(̲Ô#È�Æ�Ç Ý ÆJßNâZßDÞ=ÆÒÑ{ÌËÑ�Å=ƾá%ÍDÎ�Ñ{ÆÒÆ��¾Ê�ÎÏÆJÍDÊ1ٸ̲ØÇ�ÆJɲÕß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ É�ÓDÓ#É�Ç�É�Ñ�Þ#È{ÆJÈ�âÖÉ�Ç�Æ�É'Ø!ɲÎ�Ñ�ÅDØ!ÞDÕÖÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ�Î�È{Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲժÈ�ɲà�Ó%Õ�Æ�̲ØTÑ�Å=ƸܨÅDÌKÕ�ÆËÆJÍ#È{ÆJàTÔ%Õ�ÆHÚ!Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ;ÎÏÈ�̲Ø!Ñ{ÆJÍÊ�ɲÕÏÕÏÆJß������ ������������������������¾Ì²Ç��� ��"!$#� �%&�'�(�)�*+ �#,#�-�%&�.��/���<æ;õ ü#âZï�÷gÛ10¬Ì�ß=Æ�á#ÍDÎ�Ñ�Î Ý Æ®Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ_Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ̲Ø�Õ�ÌUÊ�ɲÕZÇ�ÆJɲÕÏÎ�È�à ÅDɲÈTÙ²Æ�ÑTÔ]Æ�ÆJÍ�Ó]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�à�ÆJ߸ܬÅ=Æ�Ç�ÆÒɲÕÏÕ/ÕÏÌ8̲Ó#ÅDÌKÕ�ÆJÈ�É�Ç�ÆLÊ�Õ�ÌKÈ{ÆJß3È�ÎÏà4Þ#Õ�Ñ�ɲÍ=Æ�ÌKÞDÈ�ÕÏÙ²Û ú Í3Ñ�Å=ÆÕÏɲÈ�Ѭß=ÆJÊ�ɲß=Æ(Ñ�Å=Æ�È{Ñ�ÞDß=Ù�̲Ø_ç�è Ý È�Ûaã¨åÖÄ ÅDɲÈaÉ�Ñ{Ñ{Ç�ɲÊ1Ñ{ÆJ߸à4Þ#Ê�Å�ÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÆJÈ{Ñ�âVØ!Þ=ÆJÕÏÆJß�Ô<Ù;Ñ�Å=Æ�ß=Æ Ý ÆJÕ�̲Ó#à�ÆJÍ8Ñ̲ØÒçÖÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà ú Í=Ø6̲ÇnàÒÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ È�Ê�Î�ÆJÍ#Ê1Æ õ ü²÷gÛ32DÞ=Ç�Ñ�Å=Æ�Çnà�̲Ç�ƲâÖÑ�Å=ƸÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�È�̲Ø(Ê1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�Í Ç�ÆJɲÕÏÎÏÈ�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�à�Ì<ßDÆJÕÏÈ;É�Ç�ÆÇ�ÆJÊ1ÆJÎ Ý ÎÏÍDÐËà(ÞDÊ�Å�Ê�Þ=Ç�Ç�ÆJÍGÑ�É�Ñ{Ñ{ÆJÍGÑ�ÎÏÌKÍ ÚWÈ{Æ�Æ;ÕÏÎÏÈ{Ñ�õhû�÷!ænÛ ú Í'Ó#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÞDÕÏÉ�ÇJâZÈ{ÌKàÒÆLÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È{ÆJÈ�̲بã¬åaÄ}È�ÅDÉ Ý ÆêÍ=̲ÑÔ]Æ�ÆJÍËÆ1×UÊ�ÕÏÞ#ß=ÆJß�Ô<Ù�ý_ÆJÕÏÕ/�pÈÖÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙ�Æ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ȨÔ]ÆJÊ�ɲÞDÈ{Æ�̲Ø/Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù;ÎÏÍ#ßDÞDÊ1ÆJß�ÕÏÌ8̲Ó#ÅDÌKÕ�ÆGÚWÈnænÛð/×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�È�È�ÓVÆJÊ�ÎÏá#Ê�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù�ɲÎÏà�ÆJßÃÉ�Ñ4Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�Î�Í=ÐËÑ�ÅDÆJÈ{Æ®ã¬åaĨÈ4É�Ç�ÆLÑ�Å=Æ®Ø6ÌUÊ�ÞDÈ4̲Ø�Ç�ÆJÊ1ÆJÍGÑ�ÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÆJÈ{Ñ�Û54aÑ�Å=Æ�ÇßDÎ�6VÆ�Ç�ÆJÍ#Ê1ÆJÈPÔVÆ�Ñ@Ü�Æ�ÆJÍ®ù8Þ#ɲÍGÑ�ÞDà ɲÍ#ßÒÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�Î�Ê�ɲÕUÑ{Ç�ÆJÉ�Ñ�à�ÆJÍ8Ñ�È�ÅDÉ Ý Æ¨É²ÕÏÈ{̪Ô]Æ�ÆJÍÒß#ÎÏÈ�Ê1Ì Ý Æ�Ç�ÆJßÒɲÍDß�Ó]ÌKÎÏÍ8Ñ{ÆJß�ÌKÞ=Ñõ879÷gÛ92PÎÏÍDɲÕ�Õ�Ù²â+Î�Ñ4ÎÏÈ�Ü_̲Ç�Ñ�Å�Ñ{Ì�à�ÆJÍ8Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ñ�Å#É�Ñ4É�Ê�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ�Í=ÌKÍUñXÞDÍDÎÏÑ�É�Ç�ÙËÆ Ý ÌKÕ�Þ=Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ3Ê1ÌKÞ#ÕÏß�Æ Ý ÆJÍ8Ñ�ÞDɲÕÏÕ�Ù¸Ô]ÆÇ�ÆJÈ�Ñ{̲Ç�ÆJß�É�ÑTÅDÎÏÐKÅ�ÆJÍ=Æ�Ç�вٸÈ�Ê�ɲÕ�ÆJȾÚWò�ÕÏɲÍDÊ�ó�È�Ê�ɲÕ�ÆFæ�:PÇ�ÆJÊ1ÆJÍGÑTÜ�̲Ç�óUȾõ<;�÷_ÅDÉ Ý ÆÒÓ%É Ý ÆJß�Ñ�ÅDÆÒÇ�ÌKɲ߸Ñ{ÌêÔ%ÞDÎÏÕÏß�ÉÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�ٮ̲ØPÑ�ÅDÎÏÈóUÎÏÍDß�ܬÎ�Ñ�Å�Ñ�Å=Æ�Å=̲Ó]ƪ̲ØPÉ�Ó]ÌKÈ�È�Î�Ô#ÕÏƬØWÞ=Ñ�Þ=Ç�ƪÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ]Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�Ûú Í�Ñ�Å#ÎÏÈ}É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÕÏƪÜ�ƪÇ�Æ Ý Î�Æ�Ü È�ÌKà�Æ�Ç�ÆJÊ1ÆJÍ8ѨɲÊ1Ñ�Î Ý Î�ÑXÙ;ÎÏÍ�Ñ�Å#ÎÏÈáDÆJÕÏß�̲ØPÌKÞ=ǨÕ�É�ÔV̲ÇnÉ�Ñ{̲Ç�Î�ÆJÈ�É�Ñ ú 0¬ô ú è3Û

=N¼ b4^+5 ½ [W�!E?>-�A@�0=*#>CB®ÀQ> 7958IJ7ú ÍÒÿ�D�DE;�ɪÈ�Î�à�Ó#Õ�ÆÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ/̲Ø]Í=ÌKÍDÊ�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕÏÎÏÑXÙ4É�ÑBÑ�Å=Æ}È�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕÏÆù<Þ=Ô#ÎÏÑPÕÏÆ Ý ÆJÕ=Ü_ɲÈ/ÓDÇ�̲Ó]ÌKÈ{ÆJßêõhíUâDì�D�÷DÑ{Ì4È�Å=Ì9Ü Ñ�ÅDÉ�ÑÈ{ÌKàÒÆLù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà È{Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈÒÎÏÍ'ÉäÑXÜ_Ì�ßDÎÏà�ÆJÍDÈ�Î�ÌKÍDɲÕBãaÎÏÕ�Ô]Æ�Ç�Ñ4È{Ó#ɲÊ1Æ;Ê�ɲÍDÍ=̲Ñ�ÅDÉ Ý ÆêÉäÊ�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕß=ÆJÈ�Ê1ÇnÎ�ÓDÑ�Î�ÌKÍNÛ

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

c© 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd 1

Ä}Å#ÎÏÈTÑ{ÆJÈ�ÑÒÎÏÈ�É�ÓDÓ]ÆJɲÕÏÎÏÍ=ÐËØ6̲ÇÒÎ�Ñ�È�È�Î�à�Ó#ÕÏÎÏÊ�ÎÏÑXÙ�Ê1ÌKà�Ó#É�Ç�ÆJß�Ñ{Ìä̲Ñ�ÅDÆ�ÇÒÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�È�̲ØÖù8ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDàÒÍDÆJÈ�È;ÚWÈ{Æ�Æ3õ ü�÷¨É²ÍDßÇ�Æ�Ø!Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1ÆJÈ®Ñ�Å=Æ�Ç�ÆJÎ�Í%æ�ɲÍDß Ê1ÌKÞDÕÏßHÇ�Æ�ÓDÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍ8Ñ®ÉÃÞDÈ{Æ�ØWÞDÕ�Ñ{Ì<ÌKÕ¨Ø!Ì²Ç Ý É�Ç�Î�ÌKÞ#ȾÉ�ÓDÓ#Õ�ÎÏÊ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈÒÎ�ÍÁÑ�Å=ÆäáDÆJÕÏßDÈ�̲Øù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà Ñ{ÆJÊnÅDÍ=ÌKÕ�̲ÐKÎÏÆJÈ�ÚWɲÈ_ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà ÎÏÍ=Ø!̲Ç�àÒÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ-â8à�Æ�Ñ{Ç�ÌKÕÏ̲вٲâUÎ�àÒÉ�ÐKÎÏÍ=Ð=âVÛ�Û�Û°ænâ=Ø!Þ#ÍDßDɲà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ%ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà̲ÓDÑ�Î�Ê�È�â=Ø6ÌKÞ#ÍDßDÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ̲ØPù<ÞDɲÍGÑ�Þ#àëà�ÆJÊ�Å#ɲÍDÎÏÊ�È�âDÆ�Ñ�Ê�Û� È_Î�Ñ�ÓVÆ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍDÈBÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�Æ}Ó%É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�Õ�ƨÈ�Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ�â=Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈBÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ_Î�È�Í=̲Ñ_Ç�ÆJÕ�Æ Ý É²Í8ÑBÑ{Ì(Ñ�Å=Æaù<Þ=ÆJÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÌK;̲Ø-Õ�ÌUÊ�ɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù²â8ÇnÉ�Ñ�Å=Æ�ÇÎ�Ñ}Î�ȨɾàÒ̲Ç�Æ�ØWÞDÍDßDɲà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕNÑ{ÆJÈ{Ña̲ØZÍ=ÌKÍDÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@ٮܬÎ�Ñ�Å;Ç�ÆJÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ1ѬÑ{̾Ñ�Å=Æ�Ó]ÌKÈ�È�Î�Ô#ÎÏÕÏÎÏÑXÙÒ̲Ø/ɲÍËÞDÍDß=Æ�Ç�ÕÏÙ<ÎÏÍDÐã¬åaÄ�Û 2DÞ=Ç�Ñ�ÅDÆ�Ç�à�̲Ç�ƲâPÜ_Æ®ÞDÍDßDÆ�Ç�ÕÏÎÏÍ=Æ(Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ(Î�ÑTß=Ì<ÆJÈTÍ=̲Ñ(É�ÓDÓ#Õ�ÙäÑ{ÌäÆ Ý Æ�Ç�Ù�Ê1ÌKÍDÊ1ÆJÎ Ý É�Ô#Õ�ƾã¬åÖÄ ÕÏÎÏó²Æ¾ý_ÆJÕÏÕ/�pÈÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ�âZÔ#ÞDÑ�ÌKÍDÕ�Ù'Ñ{Ì3ɸÇ�ÆJÈ{Ñ{ÇnÎÏÊ1Ñ{ÆJßHÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�ÈÒ̲ØÖã¬åÖÄ}È�õöì²ì1÷gÛ��¸ÆäɲÕÏÈ{̸Ç�Æ�Ó]̲Ç�Ñ�Ñ�Å#É�Ñ��]Þ=ó²ÌFܨÈ{óUÎTõöìJÿ�÷È�ÞDввÆJÈ{Ñ�ÈLÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ�Ñ�Å=Æ � ÕÏÎÏÊ�ó<Î�� Ý É²Í ô}ÙUÍ`Ê�ÕÏɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙHÊ1Ç�ÎÏÑ{Æ�Ç�ÎÏÞDà�ÎÏȾÆJù<ÞDÎ Ý É²Õ�ÆJÍ8Ñ®Ñ{Ì'Ñ�Å=Æ Ý ÌKÍ 0¨ÆJÞ#àÒɲÍDÍÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�ÆJà;Û

������ ���,��! ����/�, �� % ��� � �Ä}ÅDÆ}ÓDÇ�̲Ó]ÌKÈ�ɲÕQõhí�÷VÈ{Ñ{ÆJàÒÈ�Ø!Ç�ÌKà Ñ�Å=ƬØ!ɲÊ1Ñ�Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ_ÐKÎ Ý ÆJ;ɲÍ8ÙÒÑXÜ_Ì(ÓVÌKÈ�Î�Ñ�Î Ý Æ�Ç�ÆJɲÕ%Ø!Þ#ÍDÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ������'̲Ô]Æ�Ù<ÎÏÍDÐ�Ñ�Å=ÆÇ�ÆJÕ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ��

D�����Ú��Næ����aÚ��Næ Úoì9æØ!̲ǨɲÍ8Ù®ÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô#ÎÏÕÏÎÏÑXÙ¾ßDÎ�È{Ñ{Ç�Î�Ô#ÞDÑ�Î�ÌKÍ��]Ú��]æÎÏÑ}à4ÞDÈ�Ñ�ÔVƪÑ{ÇnÞ=ƪÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ��

� ��� �"!$#%�&�²Ú��]æ'�VÚ��Næ)(��*�+#$�,�²Ú��Næ'�VÚ��]æ)(-�.! � �,� � Ú~ÿKæ

4ÖÍÒÑ�ÅDÆ}̲Ñ�Å=Æ�ÇÅDɲÍDßÒØ!̲Ç�ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà�È{Ù<È�Ñ{ÆJàÒÈ�âGÌKÍDƬÊ�ɲͮá#ÍDß�Ó#ɲÎÏÇ�È/̲ØN̲Ô#È�Æ�Ç Ý É�Ô%Õ�ÆJÈ0/1 �2/3 È�ÞDÊnžÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ�Ñ�Å=ÆàÒÎ�ÍDÎÏà(ÞDà ÆJÎÏвÆJÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆªÌ²Ø /354 /1 ÎÏÈ�вÇ�ÆJÉ�Ñ{Æ�ǬÑ�ÅDÉ²Í ��Æ�Ç�ÌÒܬÅDÎÏÊ�ÅêÜ�ƪÇ�Æ�Ø!Æ�Ç}Ñ{ÌLɲÈ�Ñ�Å=ÆTÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙ6�

D7� /1 � /3 Ú~îKæÄ}Å=ƨÊ1ÌKà¾à4Þ=Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÌK;Ç�ÆJÕ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈBßDÆ�Ç�Î Ý ÎÏÍ=ЪØ!Ç�ÌKà Ñ�Å=ÆaÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�Î�Ê�ɲÕ#É�ÓDÓDÇ�ÌKɲÊ�ÅLÕ�ÆJɲßDÎÏÍ=ЪÑ{Ì�ðBù%Û}Ú~ÿKænâUÓDÇ�ÆJÈ�Ê1Ç�ÎÏÔVÆ

Ñ�ÅDÉ�ѨØ6̲ǨɲÕ�ÕNÈ{Ù<È�Ñ{ÆJàÒÈTÚWß=ÆJÈ�Ê1ÇnÎ�Ô]ÆJß�Ô8ÙLÑ�Å=ÆTß=ÆJÍ#È�Î�ÑXÙLàÒÉ�Ñ{Ç�Îö× /�Uæ8�� /1 �9��� � /3 �9� Ú!ü8æ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ � /: ��! Ä+ÇFõ /: /�G÷gâNܨÅDÎÏÕÏƲâ%Ñ{Ì�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ê1ÌKÍ8Ñ{Ç�É�Ç�Ù²âQù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�ÙäɲÕÏÕ�Ì9ܬȬÑ�Å#É�ÑaØ!̲Ç�Ê1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏ͸ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDàÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ �

� /1 �9��; � /3 �9� Ú~ïKæÄ}ÅDÎÏÈÖÈ�Å#É�Ç�Ó3ßDÎ 6]Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1Æ�Ô]Æ�Ñ@Ü�Æ�ÆJÍÃÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲլÚWÎÏ͸Ñ�Å=ÆÒÈ{ÆJÍ#È{ƾßDÎÏÈ�Ê�ÞDÈ�È{ÆJ߸É�Ô]Ì Ý ÆFæ�ɲÍDß�ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù

ÓDÇ�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ+É�ÑZÉaÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�Æ_ù8Þ=Ô%Î�Ñ+Õ�Æ Ý ÆJÕ=Ê�ɲÍ(Ô]Æ_Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ{ÆJß�Æ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�ÙÖÌKÍ�ɲÍ(ÆJÍDÈ{ÆJà4Ô#Õ�Æ_̲Ø%È�ÎÏÍDÐKÕ�ÆBÓ#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�Õ�ÆJÈ�Û

4ÖÍ=ƪÓ]ÌKÈ�È�ÎÏÔ#Õ�ÆaÓ#ɲÎ�Ç�̲Ø?̲ÓVÆ�ÇnÉ�Ñ{̲Ç�È /1 ɲÍDß /3 ÎÏÈ��/1 < = »?> /@

ÿ Ú~ûKæ

/3 < A »B>DC Ê1ÌKÈFE /@ >DC È�ÎÏÍGE /Hÿ Ú�7²æ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ /@ â /H É�Ç�Æ(òPɲÞDÕÏÎ+àÒÉ�Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÊ1ÆJÈJÛaÄ+Ì®ÆJÍ#È�Þ=Ç�Æ�Ñ�ÅDÆ4Ó]ÌKÈ�Î�Ñ�Î Ý Î�Ñ@Ù�Ì²Ø /1 ɲÍDß /3 â]Ü_Æ(ɲÈ�È�ÞDà�Æ = ;�DUâ A ;�DUâɲÍDß D�� C � ìÖØ6Ì²Ç = â A â#ɲÍ#ß C Ç�ÆJɲÕ~Ûú ÍÒ̲Ç�ß=Æ�Ç/Ñ{ÌTÅ#É Ý Æ¨Ñ�Å#É�Ñ�âGÐKÎ Ý ÆJÍ � /3 ��; � /1 �nâ<É�ÑBÕ�ÆJɲÈ{ÑBÌKÍ=ƨÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆaÊ�ɲÍÒÔ]Æ�Ø6ÌKÞ#ÍDß�È�ÞDÊnÅÒÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ � /3 � �GI � /1 � �

Ú �J�"�9�PÑ�Å=Æ}Ê1ÌKÍDß#Î�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ø!Ì²Ç � Õ�ÎÏÊ�óUÎ� Ý É²ÍÒô}ÙUÍ�Í=ÌKÍDÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù=ænâGÑ�Å=Æ}àÒÎÏÍDÎ�à4ÞDàC̲ØVÑ�Å=Æ�ÆJÎ�вÆJÍ Ý É²Õ�Þ=Æ}Ì²Ø /3K4 /1È�ÅDÌKÞDÕÏßLÔ]ÆaÓ]ÌKÈ�ÎÏÑ�Î Ý ÆÖܨÅDÎÏÕ�ÆK/3 � 4 /1 � È�Å=ÌKÞ#ÕÏßLÔVƪÍ=Æ�ÐKÉ�Ñ�Î Ý Æ�Ø6̲ǬÉ�ѨÕ�ÆJɲÈ{Ñ�ÌKÍ=ƪÆJÎÏвÆJÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ƲâDÇ�ÆJù8ÞDÎÏÇ�ÎÏÍ=Ð4Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ��

ì 4 C �ÿML ì >DC � 4 ÿ C Ê1ÌKÈNE I = A I ì 4 C �

ÿ=Úoì 4 C Ê1ÌKÈOE?æ Ú/;Kæ

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

2

Ä}Å=ƪÑ{ÆJÈ{ѨÓDÇ�̲Ó]ÌKÈ{ÆJß;ÎÏÍ;ô¨Æ�Ø@Û¬õhíF÷?Ê1ÌKÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�ÍDÈ�Ñ�ÅDÆTÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È�̲ØZã¬åaĨÈ}È�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ø!ÙUÎÏÍ=Ð�ðBù%Û¨Ú~îKæÌKÍDÕÏÙ²ÛÄ}Å=Æ�ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà ̲Ô��{ÆJÊ1Ñ�È}Ü_ÆTÞDÈ{ƪÑ{ÌLÎÏà�Ó#Õ�ÆJàÒÆJÍGÑ_Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ�Ñ{ÆJÈ�ѨÉ�Ç�ÆTÕÏÎ�Í=ÆJÉ�Ç�Õ�ÙÒÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ���ÆJß�È�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�ÆÖÓ#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ��

��� � < Ê1ÌKÈ�� � � � > È�ÎÏÍ�� �� � Ú~íKæ

ú ØÖÜ_ÆäÊnÅ=Ì<ÌKÈ{ÆËÑ�ÅDÆ�Ó#É�Ç�ɲàÒÆ�Ñ{Æ�Ç Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆJÈ = < D� 7Fü=â A*< ì�xÿ²í�;E78â C < î ��ï<â E < ÿ ��í�� Ú!Ü�ÆäÍ=̲Ñ{ÆÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ�â]ܨÎÏÑ�Å�Ñ�ÅDÎ�ȬÊnÅ=ÌKÎÏÊ1Ʋâ-Ñ�Å=Æ�Ê1ÌKÍDßDÎÏÑ�Î�ÌKÍËÎ�ÍËð�ù#ÛÒÚ/;Kæ¬ÎÏÈÖÈ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{á#ÆJß%ænâVɲÍ#ß�� < 4 ì²ì���î²û��'Ñ�Å=Æ(Ç�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�ȨØ!̲Ç� /3 � � 4 � /1 � �nâ%ɲÍDß � /3 � 4 � /1 ��Ó#Ç�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ{ÆJß�Ô<ÙLù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù;É�Ç�ƪÑ�ÅDÌKÈ{Æ�ÓDÇ�ÆJÈ�ÆJÍGÑ{ÆJßêÎ�Í;Ä+É�Ô#ÕÏÆ�ì�â#ܨÅDÎÏÕ�ÆÑ�Å=ƪàÒÎ�ÍDÎÏà(ÞDà ÆJÎ�вÆJÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆÖÌ²Ø /3$4 /1 ÎÏÈG(�� < D�8D=ì�;²í�ÚWÈ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ø!Ù<Î�Í=Ð4Ñ�ÅDÆ /3 4 /1 ; D�Ç�ÆJù8ÞDÎÏÇ�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�Ø!̲Ç�Ñ�Å=Æ� ÕÏÎÏÊ�ó<Î � Ý É²Í�ô¨Ù<Í�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñnænâ%ܨÅ=Æ�Ç�Æ �

(�� ! ìÿ

� A 4 = 4�� = � > A � C � 4 ÿ = A C Ê1ÌKÈOE�� Úoì�DGæ

Ä}Å=Æ È�ÎÏàÒÓ#Õ�ÆJÈ{Ñ'Æ1×UɲàÒÓ#Õ�Æ Ì²Ø�É ã¨åÖÄ Ñ�ÅDÉ�ÑHß=Ì<ÆJÈHÍ=̲ÑHÈ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ø!Ù Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈÁÊ1ÌKÍ#ßDÎ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ É²ÍDßëÊ�ɲÍéàÒÎÏàÒÎÏÊçªè3âBÇ�ÆJÕÏÎ�ÆJÈ®ÌKÍ É'ÅDÎÏßDßDÆJÍ Ú!̲Ç;È�ÎÏà�Ó#ÕÏÙ'ÞDÍ#à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJßVæ Ý É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�Æ0� Þ#ÍDÎ�Ø!̲Ç�àÒÕ�Ù�ßDÎÏÈ{Ñ{ÇnÎ�Ô#Þ=Ñ{ÆJß�Ô]Æ�ÑXÜ_Æ�ÆJÍ DɲÍDß ì Ú��VÚ��Næ < ì�ܨÅ=ÆJÍ D � � � ì9ænâ�ɲÍDß Ê�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ�ù<ÞDɲÍGÑ�ÎÏÑ�Î�ÆJÈ ��Ú��Næ < =���� Ú H�� 4 �]ænâ�ɲÍDß�ÖÚ��]æ < A � õ !#" � Ú H%$+4 �]æ > Úoì 4 !#"næ � Ú�� 4�H%$ æX÷gâܨÅ=Æ�Ç�Æ � Ú'&Gæ(ÎÏÈ�Ñ�Å=ÆêÈ{Ñ{Æ�Ó Ø!Þ#ÍDÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Úoì;Ø!̲Ç%&)( DUâɲÍDß D�ÆJÕ�È{Æ�ܨÅ=Æ�Ç�ÆFænÛ ý_Ù Ê�Å=Ì<ÌKÈ�ÎÏÍDÐ H�� < = Ê1ÌKÈ � � ɲÍDß H%$ < *� Úoì > C Ê1ÌKÈFÚ�E 4 ÿ+�æ{æ�ɲÍDß ÞDÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐÑ�Å=ÆäÆ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ}Ó#É�Ç�ɲàÒÆ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�È;ß=Æ�á#Í=ÆJß É�Ô]Ì Ý Æ²âaÜ�Æä̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ`Ñ�Å=Æ�ù8Þ#ɲÍGÑ�ÞDà à�ÆJÊnÅDɲÍDÎÏÊ�ɲÕaÓDÇ�ÆJß#ÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�â� � � 4 � ��� < D�8DKû�;²ïêɲÍDß � � � � 4 � � � � < 4 D�8D�ü²üGí<Û ú Ñ�ÎÏÈaÆJɲÈ{Ù�Ñ{Ì Ý Æ�Ç�Î�Ø!Ù�Ñ�Å#É�ѪÑ�ÅDÎÏȪà�ÌUß=ÆJÕPß=Ì<ÆJÈ�Í=̲ÑÔ]ÆJÕ�ÌKÍ=Ð(Ñ{Ì�Ñ�Å=ƪÊ�ÕÏɲÈ�È̲Ø?ÅDÎÏßDß=ÆJÍ Ý É�Ç�ÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�ÆÖà�ÌUß=ÆJÕÏÈ�Ø!ɲÕ�È�Î�áDÆJß®Ô8Ù®Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ_Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�âDɲÈ�Ñ�ÅDÆÖÊ1ÌKÍ#ßDÎ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ®ÐKÎ Ý ÆJÍ;ÎÏÍ�ðBù%ÛÚoì9æÎ�È�Í=̲ѨÈ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ�áDÆJß;Ø!̲ǨÈ{ÌKà�ÆB�+Û ú ÍêÓ#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÞDÕ�É�ÇJâUØ6Ì²Ç H $ I �0I H � Ü_ÆTÅDÉ Ý Æ ��Ú��NæG;��ÖÚ��]ænÛ�� ��-,A�"!,# �/. � ��!��"% � ��� �� �� # 10&��� ! ���� � � ��� ������ ��32 234 � %� áDÇnÈ{ÑBÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕDÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ_ÜɲÈ�Ó]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�à�ÆJ߾ܨÎ�Ñ�žÑ�Å=ƬÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆÒÚ~íKæB̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍDÆJßÒÔ<Ù¾ÉTÅ=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏß=ÆJß¾È�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�Æ}Ó%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍÈ{ÌKÞDÇ�Ê1ÆTÔ#ɲÈ�ÆJß�ÌKÍ�ò6587 Ú!Ñ�Å=Æ(Æ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕ+È{Æ�Ñ�Þ=Ó�ÎÏȨÓ#Ç�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍ8Ñ{ÆJßËÎÏÍ 2PÎ�Ð=Û4ì9æ�:]Ñ�Å=Æ�ò6587 Ü_ɲÈaвÆJÍ=Æ�ÇnÉ�Ñ{ÆJßÔ<ÙÁÉ3òBò�þ 0 è�Ð4¬ñXß=̲Ó]ÆJßHÔ#Þ#Õ�óÃÊ1Ç�ÙUÈ{Ñ�ɲըÓ#ÞDà�Ó]ÆJß�Ô<ÙHÉ�Ê1ÌKÍGÑ�Î�Í8Þ=ÌKÞ#ȾÜÉ Ý ÆÁÚ17�� æ�ÕÏɲÈ{Æ�ÇLÉ�ÑLï²î²ÿÃÍDà;âÓDÇ�Ì<ßDÞ#Ê�ÎÏÍ=Ð(Ó#ɲÎ�Ç�È̲ØPÊ1̲Ç�Ç�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJß�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDȨÉ�Ñ&;Uì�D¾ÍDà ɲÍ#ß�ìJï²ï�D¾ÍDàêÛ� Ê�Þ=Ñ{Ì�6'á#Õ�Ñ{Æ�ÇÖÔ#Õ�ÌUÊ�ó²ÆJß�Ñ�ÅDÆ(Ó%ÞDà�Ó¸ÕÏɲÈ{Æ�ǪÉ�Ø!Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ê1Ç�ÙUÈ{Ñ�ɲÕZɲÍDß�É�ßDÎÏÊ�ÅDÇ�ÌKÎÏÊ(àÒÎ�Ç�Ç�̲ÇÖÈ{Æ�Ó#É�ÇnÉ�Ñ{ÆJ߸Ñ�Å=Æ;Uì�DLÍDà ɲÍDßÃìJï²ï�D�ÍDàéÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈJÛ¬ðZ×UÑ{Ç�ÉLÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ø6Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1ÆTá#ÕÏÑ{Æ�Ç�ȨÉ�Ñ�;Uì�D�ɲÍDßÃìJï²ï�D�ÍDà ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅËɾØWÞDÕÏÕ-ܨÎÏß=Ñ�ÅÉ�Ñ�ÅDɲÕÏØ�ñXàÒÉ�×=ÎÏà(ÞDàÚ�2 �`ãÖèäæÖ̲Øaì�D;ÍDà ɲÍ#ß�î�D;ÍDà;âNÇ�ÆJÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î Ý ÆJÕÏÙ²â-Ø!ÞDÇ�Ñ�Å=Æ�ǪÈ�Þ=ÓDÓ#Ç�ÆJÈ�È{ÆJß:9#Þ=̲Ç�ÆJÈ�Ê1ÆJÍDÊ1ÆØ!Ç�ÌKà Ñ�Å=Æ(òBò�þ 0 Ê1Ç�ÙUÈ{Ñ�ɲÕ-Ç�ÆJß#ÞDÊ�ÎÏÍ=Ð�Ô#ɲÊ�ó8вÇ�ÌKÞDÍDß�Ê1ÌKÞ#ÍGÑ�È�Û�Ä}ÅDÆTÊ1ÌKÕÏÕ�ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�вÆ�ÌKà�Æ�Ñ{Ç�Ù;ÌKÍËÑ�Å=ÆTÅ=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏßDÎÏÍ=ÐÉ�Ç�àëÇ�ÆJÈ{Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÊ1Ñ{ÆJßêÑ�Å=Æ Ý Î�È�Î�Ô#Õ�ÆaÔ#ɲÍDßDܨÎÏß=Ñ�ÅLÑ{Ì<;ªÿ�Í#à 2 �`ãÖè�Ûú Í�Ñ�ÅDÆ�Æ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�â²Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈZÎÏÍ�Ñ�Å=Æ}Å=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏßDÎÏÍ=ÐÖÉ�Ç�à Ü_Æ�Ç�Æ�Ç�ÌKÞ=Ñ{ÆJßÒÔ8Ù�ɪÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕÏÆ1ñXà�Ì<ßDÆ�áDÔ]Æ�ǨÚ1==è 2/æ+Ñ{Ì

ÉLÈ�ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ê1ÌKÍêÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕÏÆ�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ�É Ý É²ÕÏɲÍDÊnÅ=Æ�ßDÎ�ÌUß=ÆLÚ1=UÎ�ñ>=Uò � 5�æ̲Ó]Æ�Ç�É�Ñ�Î�Í=ЮÎÏÍ@?aÆJÎ�вÆ�Ǫà�ÌUß=ƲâVܨÅDÎÏÕÏƪÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈaÎÏÍÑ�Å=ÆÅ=Æ�Ç�ɲÕ�ß=ÆJß4É�Çnà;âKÊ1ÌKÞ=Ó#Õ�ÆJß(ÎÏÍ8Ñ{ÌaÉÖÈ{ÆJÊ1ÌKÍ#ß%==è 2_â�Ü�Æ�Ç�ÆÈ�ÆJÍGÑPÑ{ÌÖÑ�Å=Æ�É�ÓDÓ#É�Ç�É�Ñ�Þ#È+ÐKÎ Ý ÎÏÍDШÑ�Å=Æ_ÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎÏÈ{Ñ�Î�ÊÓDÇ�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#È�ɲÊ�Ê1̲Ç�ß#ÎÏÍ=Ð(Ñ{Ì(Ñ�ÅDƬÓ#É�Çnɲà�Æ�Ñ{Æ�Ç Ý É²Õ�Þ=ÆJÈ�ßDÆ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�àÒÎÏÍ=ÆJßLÉ�Ô]Ì Ý ÆÒÚWÍ=ÆJÊ1ÆJÈ�È�É�Ç�Ù¾Ñ{Ì�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�Æ � /3 ��ɲÍDß� /3 � �{ænÛBÄ}Å=ÆJÈ�ƪÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�Ü_Æ�Ç�ÆTÎÏàÒÓ#Õ�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ{ÆJß�Ô8Ù�à�ÆJɲÍDÈ}̲ØPɲÍ�ɲÕÏÕöñgáDÔ]Æ�Ç Ý É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�ÆÖÔ]ÆJɲàëÈ{Ó#Õ�Î�Ñ{Ñ{Æ�Ç}ɲÍDßÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç�È�ÛÄ}Å=Æ Ý É�Ç�Î�É�Ô#Õ�ÆêÔ]ÆJɲà È{Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ{Æ�ǾÜ_ɲÈL̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍDÆJß Ô<ÙHà�ÆJɲÍDȮ̲ØTÉ²Í Ì²ÓDÑ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕaÈ{ܨÎ�Ñ�ÊnÅ Ç�ÌKÞDÑ�ÎÏÍ=Ð3Å=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏß=ÆJß

Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ-ܨÎÏÑ�Å�ɲÍTɲß+��ÞDÈ{Ñ�É�Ô%Õ�ÆBÈ{Ó#Õ�Î�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÐÇ�É�Ñ�Î�̬ÎÏÍGÑ{̬ÑXÜ_Ìaß#Î 6VÆ�Ç�ÆJÍGÑ-̲Ó#Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕKÓ#É�Ñ�Å#È�Û+Ä}ÅDÆBÎÏÍ=Ó#ÞDÑNÓVÌKÕ�É�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{Æ�Î�Í ÆJɲÊnŠ̲ÓDÑ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕÖÓ%É�Ñ�Å É�Ø6Ñ{Æ�ÇêÑ�ÅDÆäÔ]ÆJɲà È{Ó%ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ü_ɲÈ;Ê1ÌKÍ8Ñ{Ç�ÌKÕÏÕÏÆJß Ü¨Î�Ñ�Å É�Ñ�Å=Ç�Æ�Æ�Ó#ɲßDß#Õ�Æ@=Dè 2Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ç�̲Ñ�É�Ñ{̲Ç(Ø6ÌKÕÏÕÏÌ9Ü_ÆJ߸Ô8Ù¸É;Ç�̲Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÐêÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�ǾÚWò 4ÖþPænÛQÄ}Å=Æ�Ó#ɲß#ßDÕ�ÆJȪÜ_Æ�Ç�ƾÉ�Ô#ÕÏÆ�Ñ{ÌËÊ1ÌKÍ8Ñ{Ç�ÌKÕÑ�Å=ƬÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌK;È{Ñ�É�Ñ{Ƭ̲ØNÑ�ÅDƨÔ]ÆJɲà Î�ÍDÈ�ÎÏß=ÆÑ�Å=ƬáDÔ]Æ�ÇBÔ<ÙÒÞDÈ�ÎÏÍDЪÑ�Å=Ƭà�ÆJÊnÅDɲÍDÎÏÊ�ɲÕVÈ{Ñ{Ç�ÆJÈ�È�â8É�Ô#ÕÏƨÑ{Ì�Õ�Ì<Ê�ɲÕ�Õ�ÙÊnÅDɲÍ=вÆ�Ñ�Å=ÆTÔ#Î�Ç�Æ�Ø!Ç�ÎÏÍ=вÆJÍ#Ê1Ƭ̲ØPÑ�Å=ƪáDÔ]Æ�ÇJÛÄ}Å=Æ�ÓDÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍDÊ1ÆÒ̲Ø_Ñ�Å=ƾÈ{ܬÎ�Ñ�Ê�ŸܬÎ�Ñ�Å�ɲß+��ÞDÈ{Ñ�É�Ô#ÕÏÆÒÈ{Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�Î�Í=ЮÇnÉ�Ñ�Î�Ì�ɲÕÏÕ�ÌFÜ�ÆJß3ÞDȪÑ{Ì�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�ÙËÈ{Æ�Ñ

Ñ�Å=ƪÓ%É�Ç�ɲà�Æ�Ñ{Æ�Ç C ɲÍDßêÆJÈ{Ñ�ÎÏàÒÉ�Ñ{ÆTÎÏÑ�Û

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

3

532nm

PPLNcrystal

OPTICAL SWITCH

heralded countsheralding counts

1550nm

810nm

SMF

SMF

TAC

START

MCA

POL

POL

PolarizationControl

STOPSiSPAD

InGaAsSPAD

InGaAsSPAD

PolarizationControl

PolarizationControl

O¨�!$V¿Q"�5 »D¼���������� �����������������������������! #" $&%('�$)�*�+�,�-��.������*��/0�+$1�*"2�3�*�����/4� 5!�7698;:<�����"2�>=?�+=&�,��$@ �������2��A$�� ����B�C@ �+$����"D�*�+�0��" �E���02�F��2�* $��)"2��GH+IJ$/LKM��+�*" ��=?��$@�NO" $�=7HQPAP2IR$�/SKM������"2�>=?�+=�N0��$T"U6969VXWY����'?�,�*" ����/0���+=JZ�'R"CP [A\�$/]�>" �����Q5�^���4�����"2�>=?�+=_�� �� $`�a" ���0�,�+$1�b�*c�*��4/4�+" ����*��/4��$1�F"2���" �*"2�����a=?�Q�,��@ $�Q=d�*�+ #" �E�`"D���a�*��; Z������* D"2Z���+�Fe /fbgihXe /fkj#gihXe /l gih�" $�=Je /l j#gi5ú ÍäØWɲÊ1Ñ�â-Ñ�Å=Æ�Æ1×UÓVÆJÊ1Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞDÆJÈÖÌ²Ø � /1 �nâ � /3 �nâ � /1 � �nâ-ɲÍDß � /3 � �¬Ê�ɲÍ�Ô]Æ(̲Ô#Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJßäÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕ�Õ�Ù

Ô<Ù;ÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÐÒÑ�ÅDÆ(Å=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏß=ÆJßêÓ%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ}ÌKÍ8Ñ{Ì�Ñ�Å=Æ4Õ�ÎÏÍ=ÆJÉ�Ç}Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDȨÈ�Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈaɲÈaÑ�Å=Æ4̲Ó]Æ�Ç�É�Ñ{̲Ç�È /1 ɲÍDß/3 Ê�ɲÍêÔ]ƪÇ�Æ�Ü}ÇnÎ�Ñ{Ñ{ÆJÍ;ɲÈ�� /1 < = /m � Úoì²ì9æɲÍDß � /3 <%A&n !#" /mpo q > Úoì 4 !#"næ /mOo#r�squt ÚoìJÿKæ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�ÆK/mwv ÎÏÈ�Ñ�Å=ƪÓDÇ�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍê̲ÓVÆ�ÇnÉ�Ñ{̲ǨÌKÍ;Ñ�Å=Æ4È{Ñ�É�Ñ{Æ � x Ú�yVæ � < Ê1ÌKÈzy � � � > È�ÎÏÍpy �� �nÛÄ}Å<ÞDÈ !#"¬Î�È}Ñ�Å=Æ(È{Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�Î�Í=Ð�Ç�É�Ñ�Î�Ì®Ñ{Ì®È{Æ�ÑaÌKÍêÑ�Å=Æ4̲ÓDÑ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ?È{ܨÎ�Ñ�ÊnÅêÑ{Ì�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�Æ � /3 �nâVɲÍDßËÎÏÍêÑ{Æ�ÇnàÒÈ¨Ì²Ø C

ÎÏÈ ! " < "�{z|� Ûú Í(Ñ�Å=Æ�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8ÑPÌ²Ø � /3 � �-Ñ�ÅDÆÈ�Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍDШÇ�É�Ñ�Î�Ì ! � È�Å=ÌKÞ#ÕÏßTÔ]Æ ! � < } q ~} q ~ {w� " � } ~�� q â²Ñ�Å<ÞDÈPÑ�Å=Æ̲Ó]Æ�Ç�É�Ñ{̲Ç� /3 � �ÎÏÈ��

/3 � <%A �� ì 4 ÿ L Úoì 4 ! � æ ! �Úoì 4 ÿ ! � æ � n ! � /mpo q > Úoì 4 ! � æ /mOoDrsqut ÚoìJîKæ

Ä}Å=ÆLÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕÈ�ÊnÅ=ÆJà�Æ;ɲÕÏÕ�ÌFÜ�ÆJßÁÞ#È4Ñ{Ì�ÓDÇ�̲ÓVÆ�ÇnÕ�Ù�È{Æ�Ñ�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç�È(Ñ{Ì�Ó]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�àøÓ#Ç�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈÌKÍ /m o q âQɲÍ#ß /m oDrsq â+ɲÍD߸È{Æ�ѪÑ�Å=ÆÒÈ{Ó%ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ЮÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ùê̲ØBÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ó#Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕZÈ{ܨÎ�Ñ�ÊnŸÑ{Ì !#"�â-̲Ç�! � âQÑ{ÌêàÒÉ�ó²ÆÍ=ÆJÊ1ÆJÈ�È�É�Ç�Ù�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJàÒÆJÍGÑ�ÈZ̲ØVÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ô#È�Æ�Ç Ý É�Ô%Õ�ÆJÈ�Û � Ø!Ñ{Æ�Ç/Ó#ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÍ=ÐaÑ�Å=Ç�ÌKÞ=ÐKÅ�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ���Æ�Ç�È?Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ/Ó]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�à�ÆJßÑ�Å=ƨÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�â<Ñ�Å=ƨÅ=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏß=ÆJßÒÓ%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ/Ü_Æ�Ç�Ƭá#ÍDɲÕÏÕ�Ù�È{ÆJÍ8ÑBÑ{Ì ú Í ?ªÉ � Èoñ>==ò � 5ÖÈBÐKÉ�Ñ{ÆJßLÔ<Ù�Ñ�Å=Æ ==Îöñ>=Uò � 5Å=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏßDÎÏÍ=Ð�Ê1ÌKÞDÍ8Ñ�È�Û�¸ÆËß=Æ�Ñ{Æ�ÇnàÒÎÏÍ=ÆJßÁÑ�ÅDÆ�Ñ{Ç�Þ=ÆËÊ1ÌKÎÏÍDÊ�ÎÏß=ÆJÍ#Ê1ÆêÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù3Ø!̲ǾÆJɲÊ�Å`ÐKÉ�Ñ{Ʋâ}ÇnÉ�Ñ�Å=Æ�ǾÑ�ÅDÉ²Í ÞDÈ�ÎÏÍDиÑ�Å=Æ�Ç�É9Üà�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJß`Ê1ÌKÞDÍGÑ�ÈJâ¬ÎÏÍ Ì²Ç�ß=Æ�ÇLÑ{Ì�ÆJÕÏÎÏàÒÎÏÍ#É�Ñ{ÆêÑ�Å=ƸÊ1ÌKÍGÑ{ÇnÎ�Ô#Þ=Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Ì²ØTɲÊ�Ê�ÎÏß=ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲժÊ1ÌKÎÏÍDÊ�Î�ß=ÆJÍDÊ1ÆJÈ�â¨ßDÆ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ{̲Ç

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

4

b_*DRP[!5 »#¼��d�+"A�,��*��/4�+$A�F�*�+���� ���F Z?��"2��$�+=��(�E���J����4�����,�F��.?�`�+����/4��$1�*" �!�*����+/0���(�E���U�,�*"D�*���,���>��" � "2$�=_�� �*"2��$`�B�����*" �E$1�*�E�Q�d"2$�=7�*���A�������>��"2�;�����Q=?���B���� $��+5 ^���� ��2��"2�O�$��B�+�,��"2��$1��' KM��$ ��"2�*��$1�*��+���+��N " �+�B ��$A���C�M �RZ�2�*��,�*"2���>���*���+"2��"2$`=c��'?���*��/)"D�*���a���3�+�B�*�+5çªÞDɲÍGÑ�ÎÏÑXÙ èêÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ çªèøÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù

� õ � /3 � 4 � /1 �X÷ DUÛ8DKï�;Uì� DUÛ8D�D�üGíËÚ� DUÛ8D=ì²ìJÿKæ DUÛ8DKû�;²ï� õ � /3 � � 4 � /1 � �X÷ ñ�DUÛ8D�üEDKî�� DUÛ8D�D�üGî�Ú� DUÛ8D�DKû²ûKæ ñ�DUÛ8D�ü²üGí

Ú ;CD�ã¬åÖÄ}Ènæ

� õ !#"{÷ DUÛ ;�D�� DUÛ8D=ì DUÛ ;�D�D� õ ! � ÷ DUÛxí�ü � DUÛ8D=ì DUÛxí�üDì

ß=ÆJɲßDÑ�ÎÏà�ÆJÈ�âDɲÍDß;ßDÇ�Î�Ø!Ñ�È�ÛZÄ}Å=ƪÓDÇ�̲Ô%É�Ô#ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@ÙÒØ!̲Ç}ÆJɲÊ�Åäà�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍGÑ��/Ü_É²È¨Æ Ý É²Õ�ÞDÉ�Ñ{ÆJß�ɲÊ�Ê1̲Ç�ß#ÎÏÍ=Ð�Ñ{ÌF���� Ú � � !]æ <�� � Ú � � !]æ����� � Úoì1ü8æ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ � � Ú � � !]æNÎÏÈQÑ�Å=Æ�Í<ÞDà4Ô]Æ�ÇQ̲Ø#Ê1ÌKÎÏÍ#Ê�ÎÏß=ÆJÍDÊ1ÆJÈ+È{ÆJÍGÑ?ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅTÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù6!�Ñ{Ì9ÜÉ�Ç�ßDÈ?Ñ�Å=Æ_ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�È{ÙUÈ{Ñ{ÆJàܨÎÏÑ�žÑ�Å=ÆÖÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç�ÓDÇ�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÍDÐ4Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ_ÌKÍGÑ{Ì�Ñ�Å=ƪÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{Æ � x Ú � æ �nâ=ɲÍDß ����� � ÎÏÈ�Ñ�Å=ƪÍ<ÞDàTÔ]Æ�Ç_̲Ø+Å=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏßDÎÏÍ=ÐÐKÉ�Ñ{Æ(Ê1ÌKÞDÍGÑ�ÈJÛÄ}Å<ÞDÈ�â=ÎÏÍ�ÆJɲÊ�ÅËÆ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕNÊ1ÌKÍ=áDÐKÞ=Ç�É�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍNâ � /m Ú � æ �_ÜɲÈ}ÆJÈ�Ñ�ÎÏàÒÉ�Ñ{ÆJß;Ñ{ÌÒÔ]Æ �

� õ � /m Ú � æ �X÷ < � � � � Ú � � !]æ� � õ � � Ú � � !]æ > � � Ú � > � ��ÿ � !]æX÷ ÚoìJïKæ

ܨÅ#ÎÏÕ�Æ�Ñ�Å=Æ�ÓDÇ�̲Ô#É�Ô#ÎÏÕÏÎÏÑXÙ�̲Ø�È{ÆJÍ#ßDÎÏÍ=ÐLÉ®Ó%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ�Ñ{Ì9ÜÉ�Ç�ßDȪÉ�ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌK͸È�Ù<È{Ñ{ÆJà Ú!ܬÅ=ÌKÈ{Æ�Í=ÌKàÒÎÏÍ#É²Õ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=Æ�ÎÏÈ!]æ�ÜɲÈ��� õ !#÷ < � � õ � � Ú � � !]æ > � � Ú � > � ��ÿ � !NæX÷

� � n � � Ú � � !Næ > � � Ú � �Jì 4 !]æ >� � Ú � > � ��ÿ � !]æ > � � Ú � > � ��ÿ �Jì 4 !]æ t ÚoìJûKæ

� È�ÎÏÍ=ÐÒðBù<È�Û�Úoì1ü8æ¨É²ÍDß3ÚoìJïKæ}Ü�Æ(Ê1ÌKà�Ó#Þ=Ñ{ÆJßËÑ�Å=Æ�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�É²Õ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆJÈ}Ì²Ø � /1 �nâ � /1 � �nâ � /3 �nâ]ɲÍDß � /3 � �ɲȪÈ{Æ�ÆJÍ3ÎÏÍ�Ä+É�Ô#ÕÏÆ�ì�Û 2=Ç�ÌKà Ñ�Å=Æ�È�ɲà�Æ�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕPÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�ȬÜ_Æ�̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍDÆJ߸ɲ͸ÎÏÍDßDÎ�Ç�ÆJÊ1Ñ¬Æ Ý É²ÕÏÞDÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�̲ØÑ�Å=Æ�à¾ÎÏÍDÎÏà(ÞDà ÆJÎ�вÆJÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆTÌ²Ø /3 4 /1 ɲÈTÚ�D�8D=ì�D=ì�� D�8D�DKû²ïKænâ]È�Å=Ì9ܨÎ�Í=Ð�Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ}Ü_ÆTÅDÉ Ý Æ4à�Æ�Ñ}Ç�ÆJù<ÞDÎ�Ç�ÆJàÒÆJÍGÑÚ/;Kæ�Ú!Ü�ÆäÓ]ÌKÎÏÍGѾÌKÞ=ѾÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ®Ñ�Å=ÆËÅ#Î�ÐKÅÁÇ�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î Ý ÆËÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍGÑ@ÙÁ̲تÑ�ÅDÎÏÈ�Æ Ý É²ÕÏÞDÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ ÎÏÈ®ßDÞ=ÆêÑ{Ì�Î�Ñ�ȾÎ�ÍDßDÎ�Ç�ÆJÊ1Ñß=Æ�Ñ{Æ�ÇnàÒÎÏÍDÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍVænÛÄ}Å=Æ Ý É²Õ�Þ=Æ4Ì²Ø � õ � /3 � � 4 � /1 � �X÷ZÈ�Å=Ì9ܨÈÖÉ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍä̲ØBÑ�ÅDÆ�Ê�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕPÕÏÎÏà¾Î�Ñ4Ú!Ø!̲Ç�É�ÓDÓDÇ�̲ÓDÇnÎÏÉ�Ñ{Æ(ã¬åÖÄ}Ènæ

Ô<ÙLàÒ̲Ç�ƪÑ�ÅDɲÍ�û�È�Ñ�ɲÍDßDÉ�Ç�ßêßDÆ Ý ÎÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈ�ÛÄ+É�Ô%Õ�Æ(ì¬ÓDÇ�ÆJÈ�ÆJÍGÑ�È_Ô]̲Ñ�ÅLÑ�Å=ÆaÈ�Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ]ɲÍDßLÑ{̲Ñ�ɲÕNÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍGÑ�ÎÏÆJÈ�Û6=<Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ]ÞDÍ#Ê1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ8Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ�Î�ÍDÊ�ÕÏÞDß=Æ

Ñ�Å=ÌKÈ�Æ�ß#Þ=Æ®Ñ{Ì�ò?ÌKÎÏÈ�È{ÌKÍÁÊ1ÌKÞDÍ8Ñ�ÎÏÍ=иÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ{Ñ�Î�Ê�È(ɲÈÒÜ�ÆJÕÏÕɲÈ�Ñ�Å=ÌKÈ�Æ�ß#Þ=Æ�Ñ{ÌäÇnɲÍDß=ÌKà àÒÎÏÈ�ɲÕ�Î�ÐKÍDà�ÆJÍ8Ñ4̲جÑ�Å=ÆÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç�È�Ú!Ü�Æ}ÆJÈ�Ñ�ÎÏàÒÉ�Ñ{Æ}ɲÍÒɲÍ=ÐKÞ#ÕÏÉ�Ç/ÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�ÍGÑ@Ù(̲ØNÿ<Ûxï��JænâGܬÅDÎÏÕ�Æ_Ñ�Å=Æ�Ñ{̲Ñ�ɲÕ#Þ#ÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ8Ñ�Î�ÆJÈZɲÕÏÈ{Ì�Î�ÍDÊ�ÕÏÞDß=ÆÈ{ÙUÈ{Ñ{ÆJàÒÉ�Ñ�Î�滮 6VÆJÊ1Ñ�ÈaÈ�ÞDÊnÅêɲÈ�Ñ�Å=Æ4ÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ8ÑXÙ�ÌKÍ;Ñ�ÅDÆTÈ{Æ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=о̲Ø+Ñ�Å=ÆT̲ÓDÑ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ-È{ܬÎ�Ñ�Ê�Å Ý ÌKÕÏÑ�É�вÆTÔ#ÎÏɲȨÞDÈ{ÆJßÑ{Ì�̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ�Ñ�ÅDÆ(Ç�ÆJù8ÞDÎÏÇ�ÆJßËÈ�Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍDоÇ�É�Ñ�Î�Ì=Û � Ȫɲ͸ɲßDß#Î�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDɲÕ+Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�â-Ü_Æ�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJß � õ !#"o÷BɲÍDß � õ ! � ÷BɲÍDßØ!ÌKÞDÍDß�Ñ�Å=ÆJàéÊ1ÌKÍDÈ�ÎÏÈ{Ñ{ÆJÍ8Ñ}ܨÎÏÑ�Å�Ñ�Å=Æ�ÎÏÍ8Ñ{ÆJÍDß=ÆJßêÈ{Æ�Ñ{Ñ�Î�Í=ÐKÈ�Û� Í=ÆJÊ1ÆJÈ�È�É�Ç�ÙêÇ�ÆJù<ÞDÎ�Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ}Ø!̲ÇaÉLÊ1ÌKÍ Ý ÎÏÍ#Ê�ÎÏÍ=ÐÒÇ�ÆJɲÕ�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍË̲ØZÑ�Å=Æ � ÕÏÎÏÊ�ó<Î-ñ_å/ɲÍ�ô}ÙUÍêÓ#Ç�̲Ó]ÌKÈ�ɲÕ�õhí�÷PÎÏÈÉ;ß=ÆJàÒÌKÍDÈ{Ñ{Ç�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ñ�ÅDÉ�ѪÌKÞ=ÇTÈ{ÌKÞDÇ�Ê1ÆÒÎÏÍ�ØWɲÊ1Ñ�ÓDÇ�ÌUßDÞDÊ1ÆJȪÈ�Î�Í=ÐKÕ�Æ�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ�È�Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ�âQÑ�Å<ÞDȪÜ_ƾÍ=Æ�ÆJ߸Ñ{Ì Ý Æ�Ç�Î�Ø!ÙÑ�ÅDÉ�Ñ�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ó]ÌKÈ�È�ÎÏÔ#ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù�̲جÅDÉ Ý ÎÏÍDÐäà�̲Ç�ÆLÑ�Å#ɲÍ�ÌKÍ=Æ�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍÁÎÏÍ'Ñ�Å=Æ;Å=Æ�Ç�ɲÕ�ß=ÆJßÃÉ�ÇnàÉ�Ø6Ñ{Æ�ÇÒß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�Í=иÑ�Å=ÆÅ=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏßDÎÏÍ=ÐLÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍÃÎÏÈ�Õ�ÌFÜ�Û®Ä+ÌËÊnÅ=ÆJÊ�ó¸Ñ�ÅDÆ®È{ÌKÞ=ÇnÊ1ÆÒÓ]Æ�Ç�Ø6̲ÇnàÒɲÍDÊ1Æ�Ü_Æ®ÞDÈ{ÆJß�Ñ�Å=ƾÈ�ɲà�Æ®È{Æ�Ñ�Þ=ÓÃɲÈTØ6̲Ç4Ñ�Å=ÆàÒɲÎ�Í�Æ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGѨÚ�2PÎ�Ð=Û}ì9ænâ<Ô#Þ=ÑBܨÎ�Ñ�Å�Ñ�Å=ƬÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç�È/Ç�ÆJà�Ì Ý ÆJßLɲÍDß¾Ñ�Å=ƬÈ{Ó%ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÐÖØWɲÊ1Ñ{̲Ç�̲ØNÑ�ÅDƬÈ{ܨÎÏÑ�Ê�Å

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

5

400nm

LiIO3bulkcrystal

(2)

PBS/

2

IF

IF

MMF

MMF

PDCphotons800 nm

SiSPAD

TAC

START

STOP

pumplaser

doublingcrystal

532 nm

800 nm

heraldingcounts

heraldedcounts

SiSPAD

MCA

mode lockedlaser

O¨�!$V¿Q"�5 =N¼ �������� 2�(�����c���+�BA$�=U�����>���1�w�F #" $ %('�$U���Q���0�B.?�����*�E/4��$1��"2��������+/4� 5_�Y698;: �����"2�>=?�+=U����$@ ������2��A$C�� ���*���b@A��$�+�*"2���+�w��" �E����2�!�B �*�*���>"D���Q=����2��A$���"D�kGAI I�$�/ ��$ "4V �������aZ����&����'?�,�*"2�3���/0���+= Z�'&"��1I I$/Y/4�=�B� �E?��� �Q=&�>" �����Q59^���O�B ��$A�*�+=C�� ��A$CA$C�����������"2�>=?�E$�@4" ��/Y"2$$A�$����+���*�����*�+����$����F2�!� ���(��(��$CA$�*��)�����"2�>=?�Q=J" ��/ 5&^���)������"2�>=?�+= �� ��A$��;"2�*���,�+$1�;�� �����)/0�Q" ����*��/4��$1��"2��`"2��"D���`�;=?�+���E@A$�+=J�*d�� D"2����"D�*��*��; Z������* D"2Z���+�Fe /fbgihXe /fkj#gihXe /l gBh�"2$`= e /l jQgi5È{Æ�ÑaÑ{Ì ! < Ú�D�xï�D �CD�8D=ì9ænÛTÄ}Å=Æ(Ê1ÌKà�Ó#Õ�Æ�Ñ{Æ�ɲÍDɲÕ�ÙUÈ�ÎÏȬÌKÍ�Å=Ì9Ü Ñ�Å=Æ�Í=ÌKÍ=ñXÎÏß=ÆJɲÕ�ÚWà(ÞDÕ�Ñ�Î�ñgÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ%æ}Ô]ÆJÅDÉ Ý Î�̲Ç̲Ø/ÌKÞDÇÖÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�Æ�Ó%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ�È{ÌKÞ=Ç�Ê1Æ�àÒÎ�ÐKÅ8ѬÅ#É Ý ÆÒÉ 6]ÆJÊ1Ñ{ÆJß�Ñ�Å=Æ�Æ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕ+Ç�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�ȬÎÏȬÇ�Æ�Ó]̲Ç�Ñ{ÆJßäÎÏÍ�õöì²ì1÷�:-ÎÏÍÈ�Þ#àÒàÒÉ�Ç�Ù²â�Ü_Æ�Ø!ÌKÞDÍDß4Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ?Í=ÌKÍUñXÎÏßDÆJɲÕKÆ 6]ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÈZÑ{ÌÖÔVÆ_Í=Æ�ÐKÕÏÎ�ÐKÎÏÔ#Õ�Ʋâ�ÔVÆJÎ�Í=Шà�̲Ç�Æ_Ñ�ÅDɲÍ�ɲÍ(̲Ç�ß=Æ�ÇP̲Ø#àÒÉ�ÐKÍ#Î�Ñ�ÞDß=ÆÔ]ÆJÕ�ÌFÜ Ñ�Å=ÆTÕÏÎÏÈ�Ñ{ÆJß;ÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ8Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ�Û

���-��.�,�,���.�9� . � � ! �)% � �'� �� �� # 10&����! �� � �,� ��� �E���� # E�� 434$� %� È�ÆJÊ1ÌKÍDß�È�Ê�Å=ÆJàÒÆLÜɲÈ�Ñ�Å=ÆJÍ'Ç�ÆJɲÕÏÎ���ÆJßÃܬÎ�Ñ�Å3Ñ�ÅDÆ®Ó#ÞDÇ�Ó]ÌKÈ{ƾÑ{Ì�Ç�ÆJßDÞ#Ê1ÆLÈ{ÙUÈ{Ñ{ÆJàÒÉ�Ñ�Î�ÊLÞ#ÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ8Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ�õöìJî�÷gÛÄ}ÅDÆÃàÒɲÎÏÍ ßDÎ 6]Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1ÆJÈäÔ]Æ�ÑXÜ_Æ�ÆJÍCÑ�ÅDÎÏÈËÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕ4È�Ê�Å=ÆJàÒÆ�ɲÍ#ß Ñ�Å=Æ'ÓDÇ�Æ Ý Î�ÌKÞDÈ�ÌKÍ=Æ'Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ'Ñ�ÅDÉ�ѸÉßDÎ�6VÆ�Ç�ÆJÍ8Ñ}Ê1ÌKÍ=áDÐKÞDÇ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍêØ!̲ǨÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ;ÓDÇ�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ü_ɲÈaɲß=̲ÓDÑ{ÆJßäɲÍDß;Ñ�Å#É�ѨÔ]̲Ñ�ÅêÑ�Å=Æ(Å=Æ�Ç�ɲÕÏßDÆJßêɲÍDßÑ�Å=Æ�ÅDÆ�Ç�ɲÕÏßDÎÏÍDÐTÓ#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ#È�Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ�É�Ñ&;�D�DÒÍDà;âUܨÅ#ÎÏÕ�ÆÖÎÏÍ�Ñ�Å=ƪÓDÇ�Æ Ý Î�ÌKÞDÈÊ�ɲÈ{ÆTÑ�Å=Æ�Å=Æ�Ç�ɲÕÏßDÆJß®Ó%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ;ÜɲÈ}É�ѨÉÑ{ÆJÕ�ÆJÊ1ÌKàëÜ_É Ý ÆJÕ�ÆJÍ=вÑ�Å3õöì²ì1÷gÛ�Ä}ÅDÎÏÈ_ɲÕÏÕ�ÌFÜ�ÆJß;ÞDÈÑ{ÌÒÞ#È{ƪà�̲Ç�ÆÖÆ��¾Ê�Î�ÆJÍ8Ñ}ɲÍDß�Õ�ÆJÈ�È�Í=ÌKÎ�È{Ù¾ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�È{Ù<È�Ñ{ÆJàÒÈ�âÇ�ÆJß#ÞDÊ�ÎÏÍ=Ð(Ñ�Å=Æ�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕNÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�ÍGÑ@Ù�Ê1ÌKÍ8Ñ{Ç�Î�Ô%Þ=Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�ÛÄ}Å=Æ_Æ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕ<É�ÓDÓ#É�ÇnÉ�Ñ�ÞDÈPÎÏÈ+È�ó²Æ�Ñ�Ê�Å=ÆJßÒÎ�Í 2PÎ�Ð=Û/ÿ<ÛPÄ}Å=Æò6587'È{ÌKÞ=Ç�Ê1ÆÎÏÈPɪï¨à¾àCÕÏÌKÍ=ЬÔ%ÞDÕ�ó�þQÎ ú 4�

Ê1Ç�ÙUÈ{Ñ�ɲÕ~âVÓ#ÞDàÒÓVÆJßêÔ8Ù�É®üED�D�ÍDà ÕÏɲÈ{Æ�ÇJâVÑ�ÅDÉ�ÑaÓDÇ�ÌUßDÞDÊ1ÆJȬÓ#ɲÎ�Ç�Ȩ̲ØBÊ1̲Ç�Ç�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJßäÓ#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDȬÉ�Ñ ;�D�D�ÍDà;ÛaÄ}Å=ÆÓ#Þ#à�Ó®ÕÏÎÏÐKÅGÑÎÏÈ_̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß®Ô<Ù®ß=ÌKÞ=Ô%ÕÏÎÏÍ=Ð�Ñ�ÅDƬØ!Ç�ÆJù<Þ=ÆJÍDÊ1ÙÒ̲Ø?É(àÒÌ<ß=Æ1ñXÕÏÌ<Ê�ó²ÆJß;ÕÏɲÈ{Æ�Ç�Ú!ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅLÉ(Ç�Æ�Ó]Æ�Ñ�Î�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ®Ç�É�Ñ{ÆÌ²Ø ; 7�ûaèËã&�Fæ+Ó#ÞDà�Ó]ÆJß�Ô<ÙTɪï²î²ÿaÍDà 7�� ÕÏɲÈ�Æ�ÇJÛ?Ä}Ü�̪ÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ø!Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1Æ_á#Õ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÈÚ ú 2/æQܨÎ�Ñ�Å 2 � ãaèë̲ØVÿ�DÖÍDàÜ_Æ�Ç�Æ�Ó#ÕÏɲÊ1ÆJ߸Î�ÍËÔ]̲Ñ�ÅäÑ�Å=ÆÒÅ=Æ�ÇnɲÕÏß=ÆJß�ɲÍD߸Å=Æ�Ç�ɲÕ�ßDÎÏÍ=Ð�É�Ç�àÒÈÖÑ{Ì;Ç�ÆJß#ÞDÊ1Æ�Ô#ɲÊ�ó<вÇ�ÌKÞDÍDß3ÕÏÎ�ÐKÅ8Ñ�Û(èËÎÏÊ1Ç�ÌKÈ�Ê1̲Ó]Æ̲Ô��{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î Ý ÆJÈ�Ú~ÿ�D�×Dæ�Ê1ÌKÕÏÕ�ÆJÊ1Ñ{ÆJßÃÑ�Å=Æ®Õ�Î�ÐKÅGÑ�Î�ÍGÑ{Ì�à(ÞDÕ�Ñ�Î�à�Ì<ßDÆ�áDÔ]Æ�Ç�ÈÒÚ~èËè 2/ænâZɲÍD߸Ñ�Å=ÆJÍ3Ñ�Å=ƾÓ#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ�Ü_Æ�Ç�Æá#Í#ɲÕÏÕ�Ù�Ê1ÌKÞDÍGÑ{ÆJßLÔ<Ù =UÎöñ>=Uò � 5 ̲Ó]Æ�Ç�É�Ñ�ÎÏÍ=Ð(ÎÏÍ<?ÖÆJÎ�вÆ�Ç_àÒÌ<ß=Æ²Û � Å#ɲÕ�Ø�ñgÜÉ Ý ÆÖÓ#Õ�É�Ñ{Æ(Ú�� ��ÿKæBɲÍ#ß®ÉTÓVÌKÕ�É�Ç�Î��JÎÏÍ=ÐÔ]ÆJɲàëÈ{Ó%ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÚWòBý-=Dæ_Ü_Æ�Ç�ÆTÞ#È{ÆJß;Ø!̲Ç}ÌKÞ=Ç}Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍLÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î Ý ÆTà�ÆJɲÈ�ÞDÇ�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�È�Û� ÐKɲÎ�ÍNâ-Ñ�Å=ÆÒÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ1Ñ{Ç�Þ#à ̲Ø_Ñ�ÅDÆ�̲ÓVÆ�ÇnÉ�Ñ{̲Ç�È /3 â /3 � ÚWÊ1ÌKÍGÑ�ɲÎ�ÍDÎÏÍ=Ð C æ¬ÜɲÈ�È�ÎÏà�Ó%Õ�Ùê̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍDÆJß�Ô8ÙäÓDÇ�̲Ó]Æ�ÇÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ'ÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍÁ̲ØaÑ�Å=ÆêÈ�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕÏÆLÓ%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍÁÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ{ƲÛC0¬Æ Ý Æ�Ç�Ñ�Å=ÆJÕ�ÆJÈ�È�âÑ�Å=Æ;Ç�ɲÍDß=ÌKàÈ�Ó#ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍDÐË̲ØaÑ�Å=Æ

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

6

b_*DRP[!5 =N¼ èêÆJɲÈ�ÞDÇ�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8ѬÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕ�Ñ�È}̲Ô#Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJßêܬÎ�Ñ�ÅêÑ�Å=Æ(È{ÆJÊ1ÌKÍDßËÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕQÈ�Ê�Å=ÆJàÒƲâVܬÎ�Ñ�ÅêÈ{Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÈ�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕɲÍDß�Ñ{̲Ñ�ɲÕ+ÞDÍDÊ1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�ÍGÑ�Î�ÆJȨɲÍDß;Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Æ�Ñ�Î�Ê�ɲÕ-ÓDÇ�ÆJß#ÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�Û

çÖÞDɲÍ8Ñ�Î�ÑXÙ èêÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ çªè Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù� õ � /3 � 4 � /1 �X÷ DUÛ8D 7 D=ì � DUÛ8D�D=ìJï DUÛ8DKû�;²ï� õ � /3 � � 4 � /1 � �X÷ ñ�DUÛ8D�üGûUì � DUÛ8D�D=ì�D ñ�DUÛ8D�ü²üGí

Ú ; DÒã¬åaÄ}Èræ

à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJ߸Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ�ÎÏ͸Ñ�Å#ÎÏȪÕÏɲÈ{Ñ�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8ѪÜɲÈTÍ=̲Ñ�Ó]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�à�ÆJß-ÛÒÄ}Å=ÆÒÆ1×UÓ]ÆJÊ1Ñ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆJÈªÌ²Ø � /1 �nâ� /1 � �nâ � /3 �nâ#ɲÍDß � /3 � ��Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ�̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß�Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù¾Ô8ÙLÓDÇ�Ì+�{ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÍ=Ð�Ñ�Å=Æ�ÅDÆ�Ç�ɲÕÏß=ÆJß�Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ�ÌKÍ8Ñ{ÌÒÑ�Å=ÆÕÏÎ�Í=ÆJÉ�ÇÓVÌKÕ�É�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�È�Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ�â%ɲÈ�Ñ�ÅDÆ�̲Ó]Æ�Ç�É�Ñ{̲Ç�È /1 ɲÍDß /3 Ê�ɲÍ;Ô]ƪÇ�Æ�ܨÇ�Î�Ñ{Ñ{ÆJÍ;ɲÈ��

/1 < = /m � Úoì�7²æ

ɲÍDß � /3 <%A�� ì >DCÿ /mOo q > ì 4 C

ÿ /mpoDrsq�� Úoì�;Kæ

Ä}ÅDƪÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕNÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕ�Ñ�È�É�Ç�Æ4ÓDÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍ8Ñ{ÆJßêÎÏÍ�Ä+É�Ô#ÕÏÆ4ÿ �BØ!Ç�ÌKà Ñ�Å=ÆTÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ�É²Õ Ý É²ÕÏÞ=ÆªÌ²Ø � /3 � � 4 � /1 � �Ü_ƾ̲Ô#È�Æ�Ç Ý ÆLÉ Ý Æ�Ç�Ù3Õ�É�Ç�Ð²Æ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ`Ú1; üGûËÈ{Ñ�ɲÍDß#É�Ç�ßÃßDÆ Ý ÎÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈnæa̲Ø}Ñ�ÅDƾÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Æ�Ñ�Î�Ê�ɲÕ_Ê�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ�ÕÏÎÏàÒÎ�Ñ� /3 � � 4 � /1 � �G; DUÛ� Õ�È{Ì®ÎÏÍêÑ�ÅDÎÏȬÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�ÎÏàÒÆJÍGÑ}Ñ�ÅDÆ4È�ÎÏÍDÐKÕ�Æ�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍäÍDÉ�Ñ�Þ=Ç�ÆT̲Ø/ÌKÞ=ÇaÈ{ÌKÞ=Ç�Ê1Æ(ÜÉ²È Ý Æ�Ç�ÎÏáDÆJßNâ%È�Å=Ì9ܨÎ�Í=оÑ�ÅDÉ�ÑaÎ�ÑÜɲÈ}È�Þ �®Ê�Î�ÆJÍGÑ�ÕÏپвÌ<Ì<ß�Ø6̲ǨÍD̲Ñ}É 6VÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÍDÐÒÌKÞ=ǨÊ1ÌKÍDÊ�Õ�ÞDÈ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�õöìJî�÷gÛ

�-¼ \V79 NE�^+*DI�7F�!EKI®5<[!5<E²79"� N)QÀQ>+*#M'�6EGIÒ*#>+) \N*#>V79 %I����êYêb Mà N)?5<[!I4aÑ�ÅDÆ�ǾÇ�ÆJÊ1ÆJÍ8ѾÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�È�âÓ]Æ�Ç�Ø6̲Çnà�ÆJßHÎÏÍÁÌKÞDÇ®ÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ{̲Ç�ÎÏÆJÈ�â�Ó]Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�ÍHÑ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÍDÐ3à�̲Ç�ÆËÇ�ÆJÈ{Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÊ1Ñ®ã¨åÖÄÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ�Î�á%Ê�ɲÕÏÕ�ÙÒÔ#Þ#ÎÏÕ�Ñ_Ø6̲Ç}ÆJÈ�Ê�É�Ó#ÎÏÍ=ÐÒý_ÆJÕÏÕ-Î�Í=ÆJù8Þ#ɲÕÏÎ�Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�ȬܨÎ�Ñ�Å�Ñ{ÌUßDÉJÙ;Õ�Ì<̲Ó#Å=ÌKÕ�ÆJÈJÛ

4ÖÍ=Æa̲ØQÑ�Å=ƪà�ÌKÈ�Ñ�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ{ÆJß�à�Ì<ßDÆJÕ%̲Ø+Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ_óUÎÏÍDßLÎÏÈ-=<Ñ{Ì<ÊnÅDɲÈ{Ñ�ÎÏʪð�Õ�ÆJÊ1Ñ{Ç�Ì�ñ 5aÙUÍDɲàÒÎÏÊ�È�Ú1=Uð 5�ænâ=ܨÅ=Æ�Ç�ÆÑ�Å=ÆaÆJÕ�ÆJÊ1Ñ{Ç�ÌUß=ÙUÍDɲàÒÎÏÊ�ÈÎÏÈß=ÆJÈ�Ê1Ç�Î�Ô]ÆJß®Ê�Õ�ɲÈ�È�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕÏÕÏÙ²â8Ô#ÞDÑ�ܨÎÏÑ�žÑ�Å=ÆÖÓDÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍDÊ1ÆÖ̲Ø+É Ý É²Ê�ÞDÞDà�áDÆJÕÏß®Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ}ɲÕÏÕ�ÌFܨÈÑ{ÌäÇ�Æ�ÓDÇ�ÌUßDÞDÊ1Æ®àÒɲÍGÙÃù8ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà à�ÆJÊ�Å#ɲÍDÎÏÊ�ɲÕ_Ø6ÆJÉ�Ñ�ÞDÇ�ÆJÈ;õöì1ü²÷�ñnõhÿ²ï�÷gÛ =<Ó]ÆJÊ�Î�á#Ê�Ó#Ç�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#Ȫ̲Ø}Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ4Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�ÙÈ�Þ#Î�Ñ{ÆJß�Ñ{Ì�Ô]Æ�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ{ÆJßÒÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù4Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ�ÓDÇ�̲Ó]ÌKÈ{ÆJßÒÎÏÍêõhÿ�D²÷�ñnõhÿ²ï�÷gÛ ú ÍÒÓ#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÞDÕ�É�ÇPÎÏÑZÜ_ɲÈ�È�Þ=ввÆJÈ{Ñ{ÆJß¾Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñý_ÆJÕÏÕ]ÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎÏÑ�Î�ÆJÈ/Ü_ÌKÞDÕÏßLÍ=̲ÑÔ]Æ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJß�ÞDÍ#ß=Æ�Ç_É�Ê1Æ�Ç�Ñ�ɲÎ�Í;ÎÏÍGÑ{ÆJÍ#È�Î�ÑXÙ®Õ�Æ Ý ÆJÕ]̲ØQÑ�Å=ƪÎÏàÒÓ#ÎÏÍ=ÐKÎÏÍDЪáDÆJÕÏß�ɲÍDßÉ�Ó#ÅDÆJÍ=ÌKà�ÆJÍ=ÌKÍ;̲ØPÞ=Ó=ñXÊ1ÌKÍ Ý Æ�Ç�È�ÎÏÌKÍ;Ü_ɲȨÓDÇ�ÆJßDÎ�Ê1Ñ{ÆJßNÛÄ}ÅDÎÏÈZɲÕ�Õ�Ì9Ü_ÆJ߾ɲͮÆ1×<Ó]Æ�Ç�Î�à�ÆJÍGÑ�ɲÕDØ!ɲÕÏÈ�Î�á#Ê�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�̲Ø]Ñ�ÅDÎ�ÈZÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù�õhÿ²ûUâUÿE7<â8ÿ�;�÷gÛ ú ÍDß=Æ�ÆJß¾Í=ÌTÞ=ÓLÊ1ÌKÍ Ý Æ�Ç�È�Î�ÌKÍ

ÜɲȪ̲Ô#È{Æ�Ç Ý ÆJß�Ü_ÆJÕÏÕPÔ]Æ�Ù²ÌKÍD߸Ñ�Å=ÆÒÓ#Ç�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍä̲ØÑ�Å=ÆÒÑ�ÅDÆ�̲Ç�Ù²âQܨÅ#ÎÏÕÏÈ{ÑÖÉêÊ�Õ�ÆJÉ�Ç Ý Î�ÌKÕ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍHÚWà�̲Ç�ÆÒÑ�Å#ɲÍ3ÿ�DÈ{Ñ�ɲÍ#ßDÉ�Ç�ß3ßDÆ Ý ÎÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈnæaÌ²Ø 7Õ�ɲÞDÈ{Æ�Ç �8ã¬Ì²Ç�Í3Î�Í=ÆJù8Þ#ɲÕÏÎ�ÑXÙ�ÜɲÈT̲Ô%È{Æ�Ç Ý ÆJß'É�Ñ(ɲÍ'ÎÏÍ8Ñ{ÆJÍDÈ�Î�Ñ@Ù�à¾É²ÍGٸ̲Ç�ßDÆ�Ç�ÈT̲ØàÒÉ�ÐKÍ#Î�Ñ�ÞDß=ƪÈ�àÒɲÕ�Õ�Æ�Ç�Ñ�ÅDɲÍ;Ñ�Å=Æ4ÕÏÎÏàÒÎ�Ñ_Ì²Ø =Uð65(ÛÄ}Å=ÆJÈ{Æ4Ç�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�ȨÎÏÍDß#ÞDÊ1ÆJßêÉ®Ø!Þ=Ç�Ñ�Å=Æ�ǨÑ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Æ�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ?ÆJÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍNâ%ܨÅDÎÏÊnÅNâ%É�Ô#ɲÍ#ß=ÌKÍ=ÆJßêÑ�ÅDÆ4ÓDÇ�Ì+�oÆJÊ1Ña̲Ø/ɲÍ

ÆJÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ{ÆJß�ɲÕ�Ñ{Æ�ÇnÍDÉ�Ñ�Î Ý Æ(Ñ{ÌêçªÞDɲÍGÑ�Þ#à ð�Õ�ÆJÊ1Ñ{Ç�Ì�ñ 5aÙUÍDɲàÒÎÏÊ�È�â]Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÆJß�Ñ{Ì;ß=Æ Ý ÆJÕ�̲ӸÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ�Î�á%ÊTà�ÌUß=ÆJÕÏÈ�õhÿ²í=âNî�D�÷Í=̲Ñ�Æ1×=Ê�ÕÏÞDß=ÆJß'Ô<Ù'ɲÕ�Õ�Ñ�ÅDÆLÓ]Æ�Ç�Ø!̲Ç�à�ÆJß'Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�È�â/ܨÎÏÑ�ÅÃÑ�ÅDÆ;Ó#Þ=Ç�Ó]ÌKÈ{Ʈ̲ج̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎ�ÍDÎÏÍ=Ð�È{ÌKà�Æ;Ê�ÕÏÞ=Æ�Ø!̲ÇÔ#Þ#ÎÏÕÏßDÎÏÍDÐTÉÒà�̲Ç�ƪÇ�Æ�á#Í=ÆJß;Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Ù²Ûú Í�É�ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Ñ�ÕÏÆLà�̲Ç�Æ�ßDÆ�Ñ�ɲÎÏÕ~â/ô}Æ�ØWÈ�Û õhÿ²í=âZî�D²÷�Ê1ÌKÍ#È�ÎÏß=Æ�Ç�ÆJß'ɸÈ{Æ�ÑoñXÞ=Ó�Ô#ɲÈ�ÆJß�ÌKÍ�ÓVÌKÕ�É�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍÃÆJÍGÑ�ɲÍDÐKÕ�ÆJß

Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ�âUܨÅ=Æ�Ç�ƪÌKÍDÆ�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJÈÑ�ÅDÆ�È�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�ƪÊ1ÌKÞDÍ8Ñ�Ç�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ "¨É²ÍDß� � ÌKÍ;Ñ�Å=Æ�Î�ßDÕ�Æ�ÇɲÍDß;È�Î�ÐKÍDɲÕNÉ�Çnà;â=Ñ�Å=ÆÊ1ÌKÎÏÍ#Ê�ÎÏß=ÆJÍDÊ1ÆÖÇ�É�Ñ{Æ� " � ɲÍ#ß�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ñ{̲Ñ�ɲÕ-Ó%ɲÎ�Ç�ÓDÇ�ÌUßDÞDÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�ÇnÉ�Ñ{Æ� � Û � Ê�Ê1̲Ç�ß#ÎÏÍ=Ð�Ñ{ÌLçªèøÌKÍ=ÆTÅ#ɲÈ�� " < � < ì

ÿ � � " � < ìü � � � õöì > Ê1ÌKÈ�Ú~ÿy]æX÷ ÚoìJíKæ

Ô]ÆJÎÏÍ=ÐOy�Ñ�Å=Æ�ɲÍ=ÐKÕÏÆBÔ]Æ�ÑXÜ_Æ�ÆJÍ(Ñ�Å=ÆBÑ@Ü�ÌaÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ4É�×<ÆJÈJâ Ñ�ÅDÆB̲Ô#È{Æ�Ç Ý ÆJß Ý ÎÏÈ�Î�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@٬ɲÍDß � Ñ�Å=Æ�ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍÆ��¾Ê�ÎÏÆJÍDÊ1Ù�ÚWÊ1ÌKÍ#È�ÎÏß=Æ�Ç�ÆJß�ÎÏß=ÆJÍ8Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕ]Ø6̲ǨÑ�Å=ƪÑXÜ_Ì®É�Ç�à¾ÈnænÛ

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

7

Ä}Å=ÆÒÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕ�Ñ�Ȫ̲Ø}È�ÞDÊ�ÅÃɲÍ�Æ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8ÑTÊ�ɲÍ�Ô]ÆÒÇ�Æ�Ó#Ç�Ì<ß#ÞDÊ1ÆJ߸Ô<Ù�ÉËþQã¬åëà�ÌUß=ÆJÕ/Ê1ÌKÍDÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÑ�Þ=Ñ{ÆJß�Ô<Ù¸Ñ�Å=ÆØWÞDÍDÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#ÈÖõhÿ²í²÷ �

�]Ú � � " 4 � � � æ�( D D7� m�� Ú � � � 4 y � � æ � ì # �VÚ � � " 4 � � � æ)( � " ( � � < ì Ú~ÿ�DGæ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ � "�� � � É�Ç�Æ�Ñ�ÅDÆ�ÅDÎÏßDß=ÆJ͸ÚWɲÍ=ÐKÞ#ÕÏÉ�Çræ Ý É�Ç�ÎÏÉ�Ô#ÕÏÆJÈ�ɲÍDß<y#" �+y � Ñ�Å=ÆTɲÍ=ÐKÕ�ÆJȨ̲Ø+Ñ�ÅDÆ�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ó%ÕÏɲÍ=ÆJÈܨÎÏÑ�Å3Ç�ÆJÈ�ÓVÆJÊ1Ñ(Ñ{̸ɲÍ�É�×UÎÏÈ(Ó]Æ�Ç�Ó]ÆJÍDßDÎ�Ê�ÞDÕÏÉ�ǪÑ{Ì�Ó#ÞDà�Ó'ßDÎ�Ç�ÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍÃɲÍDß'Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍNÛ 2=Ç�ÌKà Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ(à�ÌUß=ÆJÕ~âÎÏÍ8Ñ{Ç�ÌUßDÞDÊ�ÎÏÍDÐ4Ñ�Å=Æ Ý ÎÏÈ�ÎÏÔ#ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù�Ó#É�Ç�ɲà�Æ�Ñ{Æ�ÇnÈ��

� < " � Ú�DGæ 4 " � Ú � ��ÿKæ " � Ú�DGæ > " � Ú � ��ÿKæ $ <�� ÿ " � Ú � ��;Kæ 4 " � Ú~î�� ��;Kæ " � Ú � ��;Kæ > " � Ú~î�� ��;Kæ Ú~ÿUì9æ

ÌKÍ=Æ�ßDÆ�Ç�Î Ý ÆJÈ�ܨÎÏÑ�Å;È{ÌKà�ÆTɲÕ�вÆ�Ô#Ç�É�Ñ�Å=ÆTÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙ�õhÿ²í�÷ � $ � (�� < ì > Ê1ÌKÈ � � � �ÿ ��� $*4 È�ÎÏÍ � Ú � � ��ÿKæ

Ú � � ��ÿKæ ��� Ú~ÿ²ÿKæ

Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ}Ê�ɲÍ�Ô]Æ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJß;ÎÏÍ;ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�ÞDà à�ÆJÊ�Å#ɲÍDÎÏÊ�È�Ú!ܨÅ=Æ�Ç�ƲâDÎÏÍLÑ�Å=Æ�ÎÏß=ÆJɲÕ]Ê�ɲÈ{Ʋâ $ � � < ì9æ8��Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ_ÜɲÈ�Ñ�Å=ÆáDÇnÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù®Ê�ÅDÆJÊ�ó²ÆJßäÎÏÍ�ÌKÞ=Ç}Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ÛÄ}Å=ÆJÍ;Ü_ÆTÈ{Ñ�Þ#ßDÎ�ÆJß;ɲÍ�Î�Í=ÆJù8Þ#ɲÕÏÎ�ÑXٮ̲ØPÑ�Å=ÆTÈ�ɲà�Æ4ÑXÙ<Ó]ƲâDÔ#Þ=Ñ Ý É²ÕÏÎÏß;Ø!̲ǨɮÕÏÉ�Ç�вÆ�Ç}ØWɲàÒÎÏÕ�ÙL̲ØZþQã¬åaÄ õhî�D²÷gâ

Ñ�É�óUÎÏÍ=ÐêÎÏÍ8Ñ{ÌêɲÊ�Ê1ÌKÞDÍ8Ñ4ÉêÈ�Æ�Ѫ̲Ø_Ø!ÌKÞ=Ç�ÅDÎ�ßDß=ÆJÍ Ý É�ÇnÎÏÉ�Ô#Õ�ÆJÈ �K!��6" � � � � � " � � ��� Ú!̲ØÑXÜ_ÌËßDÎ�6VÆ�Ç�ÆJÍ8ѪÑXÙ<Ó]ÆJÈnæÎÏÍ#È{Ñ{ÆJɲß�̲ØPÑXÜ_Ì=Û�Ä}Å=ƪÆJù<ÞDÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#È�̲Ø+Ñ�Å#ÎÏÈ}Õ�ÌUÊ�ɲÕ]Ç�ÆJɲÕÏÎÏÈ�Ñ�ÎÏÊÖà�Ì<ßDÆJÕ-É�Ç�ƾõhî�D�÷ ��VÚ��Væ < ���]Ú � �6" 4 � � � æ���"FÚ�� "ræ�� � Ú�� � æ ( D Ú~ÿ²îKæ

# ���NÚ � � " 4 � � � æ)(�� " (�� � < #�� � Ú�� � æ)(�� � < ì Ú~ÿ�ü8æ

D�� m�� Ú � � � 4 y � � æ < #�� � Ú�� � � � � � 4 y � � æ�� � Ú�� � æ)(�� � � ì Ú~ÿ²ïKæ

ÐKÎ Ý ÎÏÍ=Ð�Ç�ɲÎ�È{ƲâDÉ�Ø6Ñ{Æ�ÇaÈ{ÌKà�ÆTÉ�Ó#ÓDÇ�ÌJ×=ÎÏàÒÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈ�ɲÍDßêɲÕ�вÆ�Ô#Ç�ɲÎÏʪàÒɲÍDÎÏÓ#ÞDÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#È�âGÑ{ÌÒÑ�ÅDÆTÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù ���� ��� <! "#%$ � ��'& " � " � Ú�y � æ( � ��)& " " � Ú�y � æ+* � 4 ( � ��'& " " � Ú�y � æ<Ê1ÌKÈ�Ú~ÿy � æ+* �( � ��)& " " � Ú�y � æ+* � 4 ì),.-/

~q(�0äÚ � æ Ú~ÿ²ûKæ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ&y � < �21GÚ43 4 ì9æ � $ ɲÍDßêÑ�Å=Æ�Ó#É�Ç�ɲàÒÆ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�È É²ÍDß50�Ú � æ�É�Ç�ÆTß=Æ�á#ÍDÆJß;ɲÈ�Ø6ÌKÕ�Õ�Ì9Ü¨È � < ÿ � ��)& " " � Ú�y � æ<Ê1ÌKÈ�Ú~ÿy � æ

� ��'& " " � Ú�y � æ Ú~ÿE7²æ

0äÚ � æ"! üî��76 ÿ

î � 4 ìÿ 4 È�Î�Í�8GÚ � � ��ÿKæ

Ú � � ��ÿKæ 8 9 4 È�ÎÏÍ � Ú � � ��ÿKæÚ � � ��ÿKæ �;:=< q{ Ú~ÿ�;Kæ

ܨÅDÆ�Ç�Æ�Úgæ�{Ãà�ÆJɲÍDÈÓ%Þ=Ñ{Ñ�ÎÏÍ=Ð ��Æ�Ç�Ì�Î�Ø-Ñ�Å=ƪù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�Î�ÑXÙLÎÏÍDÈ�ÎÏßDÆ}Ñ�Å=ÆÖÔDÇ�ɲÊ�ó²Æ�ѨÎÏÈ_Í=Æ�ÐKÉ�Ñ�Î Ý Æ²Û�Ä+ÆJÈ{Ñ�ÎÏÍDÐ4Ñ�ÅDÎ�È_È�ÆJÊ1ÌKÍDßÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙÒܬÎÏÕÏÕVÔ]ƪÑ�Å=Æ�È{ÆJÊ1ÌKÍDß�Ó#Þ=Ç�Ó]ÌKÈ{Æa̲ØPÑ�Å=ƪÓDÇ�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍ8Ñ}Ü_̲Ç�óVÛ

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

8

O¨�!$V¿Q"�5 �N¼ �?"2$1��1�������b^7�*�+�,�b��.������*��/0�+$1�*"2�z�,���������"�� ���� p/4?=?��� ��?��� �+=C�>" �����pK =? ��Z�E�Q=d��$d�M�����1���$���'N���/0�`�k"�I�h P0/4/ ����>���c��'1���B� � ����� � �B�*'��,�*" � h`��*�=���B��$@&=?�+@ �+$����"D�*�F�� ���E��$�Q"2�k6w8F:7"2������4$/ 5�^���p698;:�+/0�>�*�,�� $c���(������ ��Z�')�*������ h�"2$�=c�+"A���&Z��"2$`���&@ ��Q�w�`" �*�,�Q�9�*��* �@A�C"0�� �>"2�*�� +���Qh�" $ ���<"2$�=C"4�B �����+�i�*�EA$&����$��Z��B�MA���FZ�����$@�" ==���Q�����+=���)"2$d�k6w8p5�-������6. � ��!��"% � ��� �� #����� -?�1 ��'�$! � #�-�� "#ú ÍÒ̲Ç�ßDÆ�Ç�Ñ{Ì(Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ_Ñ�Å=ÆJÈ{ÆÖÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ�Î�ÆJÈJâKÜ�ÆaÞDÈ{ÆJß®Ñ�Å=ƨÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ#È�Æ�Ñ�Þ=Ó®Ç�Æ�ÓV̲Ç�Ñ{ÆJß®ÎÏÍ$2PÎ�Ð=ÛBî<â8ܬÎ�Ñ�Å¾É DUÛxÿ�CâGî²í�;ÖÍDà Ó#ÞDÕ�È{ÆJßLÚ!ܬÎ�Ñ�ÅÒÿ�D�DÖØ!ÈPÓ%ÞDÕÏÈ{ÆJÈnæ+ÕÏɲÈ�Æ�Ç?Ô]ÆJɲà;âG̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß�Ô<Ù4È{ÆJÊ1ÌKÍ#ß�ÅDÉ�Ç�à�ÌKÍDÎ�Ê�вÆJÍDÆ�Ç�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�Ø!Ç�ÌKàÉ�Ñ�Î�Ñ�ɲÍ#ÎÏÞDà�ñXÈ�É�Ó#Ó#ÅDÎ�Ç�ÆTÔVÆJɲàøÉ�Ñ 7�í²û;ÍDà;âNÓ%ÞDà�Ó#ÎÏÍDÐLÉ�Ñ@Ù8Ó]Æ1ñ ú�ú ý_ý 4éï��¸ï�� DM��ï;àÒà Ê1Ç�ÙUÈ{Ñ�ɲÕ~Û7� Î�Ñ�ÅÓDÇ�̲ÓVÆ�ÇPÓ#Å#ɲÈ{Æ1ñXàÒÉ�Ñ�Ê�Å#ÎÏÍ=ÐTÊ1ÌKÍDß#Î�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�â�Ü_Æ}̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍDÆJß�Ñ�Å=Æ}Ê1ÌKÕÏÕÏÎ�Í=ÆJÉ�Ç/ß=Æ�вÆJÍ=Æ�Ç�É�Ñ{Æ(Ú�7�í²û�ÍDà®æ?ò 587�ɲÍDß�È{ÆJÍ8ÑÎ�Ñ�Ñ{Ì(É(Í=ÌKÍUñgÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ��JÎÏÍ=ÐTï�D �4ñ@ï�D � Ô]ÆJɲà�È{Ó#ÕÏÎÏÑ{Ñ{Æ�ÇaÚWý-=DænÛ 4Ö;Ñ�ÅDƨÑ{Ç�ɲÍDÈ�àÒÎÏÈ�È�ÎÏÌKÍ�Ú"!{æBÉ�Ç�à�Ü_ƬÓ#ÞDÑBÉ ?ªÕÏɲÍUñÄ}ÅDÌKàÒÈ{ÌKÍ�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ���Æ�ÇJâ�ɬÓ%ÎÏÍDÅ=ÌKÕ�Ʋâ�ɲÍ�ÎÏÍGÑ{Æ�Ç�Ø6Æ�Ç�ÆJÍ#Ê1ÆBá#Õ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ú�2 �`ãÖè ì�D¬ÍDàêâ � }$#&%�' 7�í²ïaÍDà®æQɲÍDß(ɲÍT̲Ó#Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕáDÔ]Æ�ÇPÊ1ÌKÞ=Ó#Õ�Æ�ÇZÊ1ÌKÍDÍDÆJÊ1Ñ{ÆJß�ܨÎ�Ñ�Å�ÉÖà4ÞDÕÏÑ�ÎöñXà�ÌUß=ÆBáDÔ]Æ�Ç?Ñ{̪Ñ�Å=Æ�ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ{̲ÇJâGɪò?Æ�Ç�óUÎÏÍUñXð�ÕÏà�Æ�Ç =Uò 7}è;ñ � çÖô}ñ�ì1ü�ñ2 7_ñ@í�üGíUì(È�ÎÏÕÏÎÏÊ1ÌKÍêÉ Ý É²Õ�ɲÍDÊ�Å=Æ(Ó#Å=̲Ñ{Ì�ñXß#Î�Ì<ßDÆ®ÚWù8Þ#ɲÍGÑ�ÞDàéÆ��¾Ê�Î�ÆJÍDÊ1ÙêÉ�Ñ 7�í²û®ÍDà �_û²ÿ(�¾æ�:VÑ�ÅDÆTÇ�Æ�9DÆJÊ1Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ'Ú C æÉ�Ç�à Ø!ÆJÉ�Ñ�Þ=Ç�ÆJßäÉ�?ÖÕ�ɲÍUñXÄ}Å=ÌKàÒÈ�ÌKÍêÓ]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î���Æ�Ç9â%ÉLÕÏÉ�Ç�вÆTÔ%ɲÍDßËÎ�ÍGÑ{Æ�Ç�Ø!Æ�Ç�ÆJÍDÊ1Æ4á#Õ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ú�2 �`ãÖèüEDLÍDà;â � })#*%+';�D�D;ÍDàLæ¨É²Í#ß�Ñ�Å=ÆÒÈ�ɲà�Æ�áDÔ]Æ�ǪÊ1ÌKÞ=Ó#Õ�ÎÏÍ=ЮɲÍ#߸ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ�ß=Æ Ý ÎÏÊ1ÆJȪɲÈ�Î�ÍËÑ�ÅDÆ�̲Ñ�Å=Æ�ÇTÉ�Ç�à;Û(Ä+É�óUÎÏÍ=Ð;Ñ�ÅDÆ,!Ó#ÅD̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ�ɲÈ}Ñ{Ç�ÎÏввÆ�ÇJâDÉÒÊ1ÌKÎÏÍDÊ�Î�ß=ÆJÍDÊ1ƪܨÎÏÍ#ß=Ì9Ü ÜɲÈ}̲Ó]ÆJÍ=ÆJß;ÌKÍ;Ñ�ÅDÆ C ßDÆ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ{̲ǨÑ{ÌÒÇ�Æ Ý ÆJɲÕQÑ�Å=ÆTÊ1̲Ç�Ç�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ{ÆJßÓ#ɲÎÏÇ�È��-Ñ�ÅDÎ�ÈZÜ_ɲÈ/̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß�Ô<Ù�È{ÆJÍDßDÎÏÍDÐaÑ�ÅDÆ}ÌKÞ=Ñ{Ó#Þ=ÑZ̲ØVÑ�Å=Æ�!Pß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ{̲ÇɲÈ/È{Ñ�É�Ç�ÑBÑ{ÌTÉ�Ä}ÎÏàÒÆ1ñgÑ{Ì�ñ � à�Ó%ÕÏÎ�Ñ�ÞDß=Æ7_ÌKÍ Ý Æ�Ç�Ñ{Æ�Ç�ÚWÄ � 7}æZÑ�Å#É�Ñ�Ç�ÆJÊ1ÆJÎ Ý ÆJß¾Ñ�Å=Æ C ß=Æ�Ñ{ÆJÊ1Ñ{̲Ç}È�ÎÏÐKÍDɲÕ#ɲÈ_È{Ñ{̲Ó-Û/Ä}ÅDÆaÿ�D(ÍDÈBÊ1ÌKÎÏÍ#Ê�ÎÏß=ÆJÍDÊ1ƬܨÎÏÍDß=ÌFÜ ÜɲÈÈ{Æ�Ñ(ÓDÇ�̲Ó]Æ�Ç�ÕÏÙäÑ{Ì�Æ1×=Ê�ÕÏÞDß=ÆLÈ{Ó#Þ=ÇnÎ�ÌKÞDÈ�Ê1ÌKÎÏÍ#Ê�ÎÏß=ÆJÍDÊ1ÆJÈ(ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅÃò6587 Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍDÈ(̲Ø}Ñ�ÅDÆ®Ø!ÌKÕÏÕ�ÌFܨÎÏÍ=ÐËÓ#ÞDÕÏÈ{ƲÛäÄ}Å=ÆÔ#ɲÊ�ó8вÇ�ÌKÞDÍDßêÅDɲÈ}ÔVÆ�ÆJÍ�Ó#Ç�̲Ó]Æ�Ç�Õ�Ù¾Æ Ý É²ÕÏÞDÉ�Ñ{ÆJß�ɲÍDßêÈ�Þ=Ô#Ñ{Ç�ɲÊ1Ñ{ÆJßNÛý_ÙLáD×UÎÏÍDÐ(Ñ�ÅDÆ-!�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�ÇnÎ���Æ�Ç}É�ѨɲÍ�ɲÍDÐKÕ�ƪ̲Ø/. 8 ɲÍDßêÇ�̲Ñ�É�Ñ�ÎÏÍ=ÐÒÑ�ÅDÆ C ÌKÍ=Æ�Ô<Ù0.1LÓ]Æ�ǨÈ{Ñ{Æ�Ó-â#Ü�Æ�̲Ô#Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß

Ñ�Å=Æ�Ê1ÌKÎÏÍDÊ�Î�ß=ÆJÍDÊ1ÆTÇnÉ�Ñ{ÆJÈaß#É�Ñ�ÉLÈ�Å=Ì9ܨÍäÎÏÍ 2?ÎÏÐ=Ûaü=Û � ÈaÉ®áDÇ�È�ѨÑ{ÆJÈ{ÑÖØ!̲ǬÌKÞ=ÇÖÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÍ=ÐKÕ�ÆJß�È{Ñ�É�Ñ{ƲâNÜ_Æ(ÊnÅ=ÆJÊ�ó²ÆJßÚ!̲ØPÊ1ÌKÞ=Ç�È{ƪܬÎ�Ñ�ÅDÎÏÍLÑ�Å=ƪØWɲÎ�Ç}È�ɲà�Ó%ÕÏÎÏÍ=Ð�ÅGÙ<Ó]̲Ñ�Å=ÆJÈ�ÎÏÈræ/Ñ�ÅDÆ 7ÕÏɲÞDÈ{Æ�Ç �8ã¨Ì²Ç�ÍDÆÖÎ�Í=ÆJù8Þ#ɲÕÏÎ�ÑXÙ�õ ü²÷gâ=Ü}Ç�ÎÏÑ{Ñ{ÆJÍ;ÎÏÍ�Ñ�Å=ÆØ!̲Ç�à � � ÒÚ . 1 æ 4 ÒÚ .1 æ �3254&2 � ì

ü Ú~ÿ²íKæ

Ä}ÅDÆÖÊ1ÌKÕ�Õ�ÆJÊ1Ñ{ÆJß�ßDÉ�Ñ�ÉUâ#ܨÎ�Ñ�ÅêÉ�à�ÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJß Ý ÎÏÈ�Î�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù¾íE7 ;(�Lâ%Õ�ÆJß�Ñ{̾Ñ�Å=Æ�Ø!ÌKÕÏÕ�Ì9ܬÎÏÍ=Ð Ý ÎÏÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ��7ã Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ 6 Ý Î�ÌKÕ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ8796

DUâÏì�DKÿ²û DUâ8D�DKÿUì ü78â ;

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

9

O¨�!$V¿Q"�5�� ¼ :wA�E$`�B�>=?��$���� �*"2���+�0 A�����,����� K "2$�@ ���CZ��B��-���+$ �*��R"D.?�Q�O ���0"2$�=��_�� �>"2�*� �������N �&�Q" ���T���*��� ����*��d"# ����"2@A��2�F[ I =?� ���+���+$A�&"A���1��>�,�E���� $`�O �a[AIJ�4�Q" ����5 ^���d"2@ �*���+/4��$1�0Z��B��-���+$<��.?�`�+����/4��$1�*" ��="D��"J" $�=�*���A�������>��"2�`��*�+=?�>�i�*�EA$��w" ���b �+��'0@ �?=RK �� �*���+��"2���� $���1����B����$1�-%� I � �)��� G1Ni5���$��������*"2��$1��'OZ`"2���w" ���(�*�0��/)"2����*0Z���������$ 5Ä}ÅDÆJÍNâUÑ{Ì Ý ÎÏÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ{Æ�Ñ�Å=Æ�ÎÏÍDÆJù8ÞDɲÕ�Î�ÑXÙ�Ú~ÿ²ÿKænâ#Ü_Æ�Æ Ý É²Õ�ÞDÉ�Ñ{ÆJßêÑ�Å=Æ�ù<ÞDɲÍ8Ñ�Î�Ñ�Î�ÆJÈ �Òâ $ ɲÍ#ß � âD̲ÔDÑ�ɲÎÏÍ#ÎÏÍ=ÐF�� 4 $ � � 6 Ý ÎÏÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ8796

DUâ8DKûE7<ì DUâ8D�DKïE7 ì²ì�â 7

2PÎÏÍDɲÕ�Õ�Ù²âUÑ�Å=ƪÇ�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�ÈØ6̲Ç}Ñ�ÅDÆTÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ@ÙäÚ~ÿ²ûKæ�Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ �0�Ú � æ 4 � � ��� 6 Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ 796DUâ8D�D 7�î DUâ8D�DKÿ²ÿ î<âxî

�¸Æ¨Õ�Î�ó²Æ�Ñ{ÌTÈ{Ñ{Ç�ÆJÈ�È/Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ/Ô]̲Ñ�Å�Ñ�ÅDƨÎÏÍ=ÆJù<ÞDɲÕÏÎ�Ñ�ÎÏÆJÈÚ~ÿ²ÿKænâ�Ú~ÿ²ûKæ�È{Ñ�Î�ÕÏÕ<Ü�Æ�Ç�Æ Ý Î�ÌKÕ�É�Ñ{ÆJß�Æ Ý ÆJ;ܬÎ�Ñ�Å=ÌKÞ=ÑPÔ#ɲÊ�ó8вÇ�ÌKÞ#ÍDßÈ�ÞDÔDÑ{Ç�ɲÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Ú!̲Ø�ì²ì�Ûxû�ɲÍDß ì�Û 7äÈ{Ñ�ɲÍ#ßDÉ�Ç�ßÁß=Æ Ý ÎÏÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ�Ç�ÆJÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ1Ñ�Î Ý ÆJÕ�ÙDænÛ'Ä}Å<ÞDÈ�âBÜ�ÆêÅDÉ Ý Æ�Ê�Õ�ÆJÉ�Ç�ÕÏÙÃÈ�Å=ÌFܨÍÉ Ý Î�ÌKÕÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍ�̲Ø_Ñ�ÅDÆÒÓDÇ�ÆJßDÎ�Ê1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDȪàÒɲß=ÆÒÞDÓVÌKÍ�Ñ�Å=ƾþQã¬åÖÄ à�ÌUß=ÆJÕÏÈÖÓDÇ�ÆJÈ�ÆJÍGÑ{ÆJßÃÎÏÍHõhÿ²í�÷BɲÍDß`õhî�D�÷gâQܬÅDÎÏÕÏÈ{ÑÓ]Æ�Ç�Ø!ÆJÊ1Ñ�Õ�Ù®É�вÇ�Æ�ÆJÎÏÍ=ÐÒܨÎÏÑ�Å =Dçªè3Ûú ͸È�ÞDàÒàÒÉ�Ç�Ù²âNÜ_ƾÅDÉ Ý ÆÒÆ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕÏÕ�Ù�ß=ÆJàÒÌKÍDÈ{Ñ{Ç�É�Ñ{ÆJßNâQØ6ÌKÕÏÕÏÌ9ܨÎÏÍDÐLÑ�ÅDÆ�Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ç�Æ�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ɲÕZÓ#Ç�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ#Ȭ̲Ø

õhÿ²íUâ?î�D�÷gâQÑ�ÅDÉ�ÑTÑ�Å=ƾÈ{Ó]ÆJÊ�Î�á#Ê�ØWɲàÒÎÏÕ�Î�ÆJÈÖ̲Ø_Å#ÎÏßDß=ÆJÍ Ý É�Ç�ÎÏÉ�Ô#ÕÏÆ(Ñ�ÅDÆ�̲Ç�Î�ÆJÈTÊ1ÌKÍ#È�ÎÏß=Æ�Ç�ÆJß�Ñ�ÅDÆ�Ç�ÆÒØWɲÎÏÕZÑ{ÌêÓDÇ�̲ÓVÆ�ÇnÕ�ÙÇ�Æ�Ó#Ç�Ì<ß#ÞDÊ1Æ�Ñ�Å=Æ�̲Ô#È{Æ�Ç Ý ÆJß Ê1̲Ç�Ç�ÆJÕÏÉ�Ñ�ÎÏÌKÍDÈ;Ô]Æ�ÑXÜ_Æ�ÆJÍ àÒÆJɲÈ�Þ=Ç�ÆJà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�È;̲Ø�Ô#Î�Ó%É�Ç�Ñ�Î�Ñ{Æ�Ó]ÌKÕÏÉ�Ç�Î��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Ó%Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÍ=ÐKÕ�ÆJßêÈ�Ñ�É�Ñ{ÆJÈ�â%ɲÍDß�É�Ç�Æ�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ç�Æ�Ø!̲Ç�ƪØWɲÕÏÈ�Î�á#ÆJß�Ô8ÙLÌKÞ=Ç}Æ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�Û

� ¼ b4^+5��("F NEK* �öI��(*80%5U[!5G7¾Mà N)+5U[ý_Æ�Ø!̲Ç�ÆLÊ1ÌKÍ#Ê�ÕÏÞDßDÎÏÍDÐ;Ü�Æ®Ü�ÌKÞDÕ�ß3ÕÏÎ�ó²Æ®Ñ{ÌËà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ'É�Ü_̲Ç�ó�ÎÏÍ�ÓDÇ�̲вÇ�ÆJÈ�È(ÎÏÍ3ÌKÞ=Ç4ÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ{̲ÇnÎ�ÆJÈ�Ûêô}ÆJÊ1ÆJÍ8Ñ�Õ�Ù7_Ç�Ì<Ê�É Æ�ÑäɲÕ~Û ÓDÇ�̲Ó]ÌKÈ{ÆJßCÉ àÒÌ<ßDÎÏáDÆJß ù<ÞDɲÍGÑ�Þ#à à�ÆJÊnÅDɲÍDÎÏÊ�ÈËÔ#ɲÈ{ÆJßCÌKÍ Ü_É Ý ÆJÕ�Æ�Ñ�ÈHõhîUì�÷gÛ Ä}Å=Æ'àÒɲÎÏÍÓDÇ�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ3̲Ø}Ñ�ÅDÎÏÈ(à�ÌUß=ÆJÕBØ!̲Ç�ɲÍÃÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8Ñ�ɲÕ�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�ß=Æ�Ç�Î Ý ÆJÈ4Ø6Ç�ÌKà Ñ�ÅDÆ®ØWɲÊ1Ñ�Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ(Î�Í3Ñ�ÅDÎ�È4È�ÊnÅ=ÆJà�Æ;É

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

10

ÜÉ Ý Æ�Ó%ɲÊ�ó²Æ�ѨÅDɲÈ�É�ܬÎÏß=Ñ�Å 6�Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ}ß=Ì<ÆJÈ�Í=̲Ñ�ß=Æ�Ó]ÆJÍDßLÌKÍDÕ�Ù®ÌKÍ�Ñ�Å=ƪØ6Ç�ÆJù8Þ=ÆJÍ#Ê1Ù¾Ô#ɲÍDßDܨÎÏß=Ñ�Å 6 ' ÌKÍ#Õ�Ù²â=Ô#Þ=ÑɲÕÏÈ�Ì�ÌKÍ;Ñ�Å=ÆTÈ�Î���ƪ̲Ø+Ñ�Å=ÆTÔ#ɲÈ�ÎÏʪà�̲Ñ�ÅDÆ�Ǭèê̲ÇnÕ�Æ�Ñ}ÜÉ Ý ÆJÕ�Æ�Ñ 6 � â=Ô]ÆJÎÏÍ=Ð�ɲÕ�Ñ{̲вÆ�Ñ�Å=Æ�Ç9�6�� < ì

6 �' > ì��96 �� Ú~î�DGæ

Ä}Å#ÎÏÈ�Ç�ÆJÈ�ÞDÕÏÑ�Õ�ÆJɲßDÈ�Ñ{Ì Ñ�Å=Æ ÓDÇ�ÆJßDÎÏÊ1Ñ�Î�ÌKÍ Ñ�ÅDÉ�Ñ'ÎÏÍ É È�ÎÏÍ=ÐKÕ�Æ1ñgÓ#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�Õ�Æ Ú!ƲÛhÐ=Û Ó#Å=̲Ñ{ÌKÍ%æ¸ÎÏÍGÑ{Æ�Ç�Ø6Æ�Ç�ÌKàÒÆ�Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÊÆ1×UÓ]Æ�Ç�ÎÏà�ÆJÍ8ѪÑ�Å=Æ Ý ÎÏÈ�Î�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù�ß=Ç�̲Ó#È�Ñ{Ì ��Æ�Ç�ÌäܨÅ=ÆJ͸Ñ�ÅDÆÒÔ#ɲÍDß=ܬÎÏß=Ñ�ŸÎÏȪÇ�ÆJÈ{Ñ{Ç�ÎÏÊ1Ñ{ÆJßÃÞDÍDß=Æ�Ǿì��96 �� Û �¸Æ�É�Ç�ÆÍ=ÌFÜ È{Ñ�Þ#ß=Ù<Î�Í=Ð�Ñ�Å=ÆäÎÏà�Ó#Õ�ÆJàÒÆJÍGÑ�É�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍH̲Ø�È�ÞDÊ�Å`É3È�Æ�ÑLÞ=ÓQÛ ã¬Ì9Ü_Æ Ý Æ�ÇJâ¬Æ Ý ÆJÍ Ü¬Î�Ñ�Å=ÌKÞ=ÑÒÉ'È{ÆJÉ�Ç�ÊnÅ ÎÏÍ Ñ�Å=ÆÅ<Þ=вÆ�ÕÏÎ�Ñ{Æ�Ç�É�Ñ�Þ=Ç�ƲâPÉËáDÇ�È�Ñ4ÕÏÎÏà¾Î�Ñ�â 6 � ; ï�D�D��¸âBÎÏÈ4Ó]ÌKÈ{ÆJßÃÔ8Ù3ɲÍÃÆ1×UÓVÆ�ÇnÎÏà�ÆJÍ8ÑTܨÅ=Æ�Ç�Æ®Ü_Ʈ̲Ô#Ñ�ɲÎÏÍ=ÆJß'ÅDÎ�ÐKÅÝ ÎÏÈ�Î�Ô%ÎÏÕÏÎ�Ñ@Ù¾Ø!Ç�ÎÏÍ=вÆJȬܨÎ�Ñ�ÅäÉ®ã¬Æ1ñ�0¬ÆÒÕÏɲÈ{Æ�ÇÖÔ]ÆJɲà É�Ñ{Ñ{ÆJÍ<ÞDÉ�Ñ{ÆJ߸Ñ{Ì�Ó#Å=̲Ñ{Ì�ñXÊ1ÌKÞ#ÍGÑ�ÎÏÍDÐLÇ�Æ�ÐKÎÏà�Æ�ɲßDß=Ç�ÆJÈ�È�ÆJß�Ñ{Ì;ÉèËɲÊ�ÅUñ)�]ÆJÍDß=Æ�ǨÎÏÍ8Ñ{Æ�Ç�Ø!Æ�Ç�ÌKà�Æ�Ñ{Æ�ÇJÛ�N¼ �4 %>+EG[W¿QIF�6 V>ú Í�Ê1ÌKÍDÊ�ÕÏÞ#È�Î�ÌKÍNâ-Ü_Æ®Å#É Ý Æ¾Ó#Ç�ÆJÈ{ÆJÍ8Ñ{ÆJß�Ç�ÆJÊ1ÆJÍ8Ñ(ɲÊ1Ñ�Î Ý Î�Ñ@Ù�̲Ø_ÌKÞDÇ4ÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ{̲Ç�ÎÏÆJȪÌKÍ�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�Î�Í=Ð�È{Ó]ÆJÊ�Î�á#Ê�Å#ÎÏßDß=ÆJÍÝ É�Ç�ÎÏÉ�Ô#ÕÏÆ�à�Ì<ßDÆJÕÏÈ}ɲÍDßäÎÏÍ;Ó#É�Ç�Ñ�ÎÏÊ�ÞDÕÏÉ�Ç}Ü_Æ4Å#É Ý Æ�ßDÎÏÈ�Ê�ÞDÈ�È{ÆJß;Ç�ÆJɲÕÏÎ��JÉ�Ñ�Î�ÌKÍDÈ}Ì²Ø � ÕÏÎÏÊ�ó<Î2� Ý É²ÍËô¨Ù<Í�Ñ{ÆJÈ{Ñ�â%Ñ{ÆJÈ�Ñ�ÈÌ²Ø =Uð65 ɲÍDßêÌ²Ø ==ɲÍGÑ{ÌKÈ��%à�Ì<ßDÆJÕÏÈ�Û½ E >->Q �®[!5<)+$VM35U>V79IÄ}Å#ÎÏÈ?Ü�̲Ç�ó�ÅDɲÈZÔ]Æ�ÆJÍÒÈ�Þ=ÓDÓ]̲Ç�Ñ{ÆJß(Ô8Ù�7_ÌKà�Ó%É�ÐKÍDÎÏɪßDÎ =UɲÍ�òPÉ�ÌKÕ�Ì=â<Ô<Ù(ò�ô ú 0`ÿ�D�D 7 2��ªðBÄ}ý�� Ú17-7}ç 4ÖÄ =DæɲÍDß Ô<Ù ô}Æ�ÐKÎ�ÌKÍ=Æ�ò�Î�ÆJà�ÌKÍ8Ñ{Æ ÚWð¨ì1ü8ænÛ �¸Æ�Ñ�ÅDɲÍ=ó ô�Û � ÕÏÎÏÊ�ó<Î~â��=Û 7Ç�Ì<Ê�ÉÁɲÍ#ß ð}Û =UɲÍ8Ñ{ÌKÈêØ!̲Ç�Å=ÆJÕ�Ó#Ø!ÞDÕßDÎ�È�Ê�ÞDÈ�È�ÎÏÌKÍDÈ�âJɲÍDß�ɲÕ�È{Ì 0TÛ�?ÖÎÏÈ�ÎÏÍ-â � Û�è�Î�ÐKß#ɲÕÏղɲÍDß =VÛJò?ÌKÕ�ÙKÉ�ó²Ì Ý Ø!̲ÇQÉ�Ø!Ç�ÞDÎ�Ñ{ØWÞDÕ�ɲÍDߪÓ#ÕÏÆJɲÈ�ɲÍGÑ-Ê1ÌKÕ�ÕÏÉ�Ô]̲Ç�É�Ñ�Î Ý ÆÜ_̲Ç�óVÛ

BL58Â@58"�5U>QEK5<I� ���#fpq�dWegtyfxqÖ´B���UjJuFjnsxd~µ��� ;lnq�uav+jnd~toqak3�{�n�1��������������������! #"$"$"� % & Vtosps('}���{�$)+*,�������.-0/��1ª�{�r�� �+�´+d~«²towye?´2��3�4$5K�{��6 % ���7�+��8�9�����8:8��3;3<�=�!>��?6r�+*�@BAFzXl�q�d~jrqC',�Ë�{��6r�D��������E�9�����(:8��3;3<�BF�G %$% �1�7@8v+l�zgfhe!�#'�H�lnq�u

�Ul�«�dWegtyzI��v'�{�n�r�D��������8�9�����(:(��3;3<�BF�� % *r�1��@( #zgtoq�u9tosE'C��3�4$5K�{�r� %DJLK7M �B��������8:8��3;3<��G�N % "n�7@!OP©-fxl�eP�QHR��34$5��o�r�n�&��������!�9������´S�B1 % �J�{�T@�OZfptod~d-�;�U��3L4$5F�{�r�n�&�V�7������9�����=:8��3;3<�! !1���6r�n�T@�OP©-fxl�e��WHX��3L4$5��o�r�1�Y���7�+���9������:(��3;3<�! �ZD*1�n�["�@�\?i#]^'�lnq�uÖ|Öl�q�uFtys(_Ò�{�$6�6�����������������!:8��3;3<�=F!1¬�n�T@��9§Ffp§D`Uab��3c4�5��{�r�n������������������F´�� (� % 6$6T@8�<j�zg�rtyzgd~jnqd'}v2��3�4$5G�{�n�1�,���7�+��(:8��3;3<�G´eG�N��4� % �T@B�=lnqC'&fg��3�4�5 % �n�r��hi4+3 KTM ���=N=jT�J�{�7@B %zgfxu�lDH��3�4$5����7�+��8:8��3;3<�G´kG�F�l�� % @<�]fhe~egtos8fm��3�4$5K�{�n�$6����7�+��E�9�����V5n��3;3<�(l�1a�1�+)r�7@Bf(tofp§�doHp��3�4$58�o�r�$6���������E�9�����:8��3;3<�=l�1¬���r�n�T@²vQj{©]tB| ´b��3L4$5 % �n�9�Yho4�3 K7M ����N=>�"n�J�

� *��H?toq�j�­1tod~tZ| % �r�r�,�V�7�+��B�9�<q����(17jÖ�9�{���6�r�$)� �r·Pt/�]l�zgj�_4lnq�u�HPl�zgiFwowofpj}´3�o�r�$)��V�7�+��(�9������´sZ����?"+*T@=�Ut{l�zgsxtt�L| �o�["������7�+��(�9�����F·uGT�*F�v6� )+�H+zrwjr±�sxl�w@§FtyzB�x��3�4$5 % �r�["�hi4+3 KTM �I���!Fd6$"J��@8 %zXl�q�wofxl�zXu��X��3�4$5 % �r�$"��V�7�+�v�8�������E:8��3;3<�B>�> % �{�+*1�["�@y�=l�egt@zgtoµª�b��3

4$5 % �r�["��V�7�+��V�9�����y:8��3;3<�E>�> % �{��*r�$)7@]�Dfpdgln�}lnq�| ·z��3o4$5 % �r��6^���7�+��{�������U´X � (�r� % �r�n�T@V_8ty�r�rt@e~e_´ % �n�r�|(} K7~�� �!���7�+��=j�j4�v*$)r�7@=OZ§FzgtoqFq�fpµ1j�­}´ % �r�$"&� M �<q M - ~ 3<l�z.�?fp­²� �["��r�9º �n�r�r�

� "r�´+i�sptye~eXlYH % �r�n��|(} K7~=� 4�3;-0} ~ �t4 ~=�Y��~ 3<� M q M ��3�4+3;-0} ~ }���� K 4 ~ 3 K7�b� �./��T4 ~ -0/�����9fpqF�1ln«²j�zgtr�{f�jnzgsxua�9wofptoq�egfh³�wr�� 6+a¹ eya+j�jn¯°ecH % �r� %I�[� i�jP�%lru9fpd � i�lnq�egiF��|atowX§�lnqFfpwod � �Vjrq9¯!º��=zgj�wototouFfpq��nd��0�D§�fpsxlru9tosp«�§�fxl$�{� M �<q M - ~ 3�l�z.�?fp­²� �Ji�lnq�e~��«�§

� % � % �r�1��@ � }�� % �r�n� ��~ 3<�(�T�L�B����} M �!����������!Ga�r�r�{�!��) % @= Vsxlnd~jnq�t�|���3c4�5 % �n�9���V�7����!:8��3;3<��´UG�l= % �1��� % �{�T@� Vfhz��j�¾�#��3y4$5 % �r�J�P|B} K7~=� �����7�+���:(��3;3<��1[�,*["J�@�<*$61��@J­rl�q·Ptc %zgiFw@µ_� % �r�n�i� M �<q M - ~ 3�l�z.�?fp­²� �nz~�<��wr�n�n�r�J�{��*$6T@� Vsxlnd~jnq�t|���3�4$5 % �r�+*#� M �<q M - ~ 3Dl�z.�+fp­K� ��i�l�q�e~�6«F§=����*1�n�r� % �$@ � }�� % �r�n�C�T���V�7����E�=}?/r�{�74�q��y� K q$q=5n�K�s �G��n���!�n�T@B Vfhz��j¨�Ë�lnq�u}|xwi�spsptyz� % �r�n��� M �<q M - ~ 3Kl�z.�+fx­²� §�ty«F��sxl�e��n�n�r�$"n� % 6T@K�DspmotIaQ�6� % �r�r�Y��������=:8��3;3<�9´Qj�17NT�n�{���X�n�?67@ � }[� % �n�["&�T��V�7������o�{} ~ �v���!� M ��F= }�9� % �9�v)T@ � }[� % �n�$6,�T�=���7�+����t� � 4�3������B����} M ���(1�r��*r� % �T@ � }[� % �n�$6 ��~ 3<�B�T���B����} M �!���7�+���� D*1�r����*$)["7@ � }�� % �r�r� ��~ 3<�8�T�c� K � ��~ �v�V� � ��� �<� �6n���6�$)

� �+�´+spfpw@µJfKväl�q�u��%lnq¬vQ�9q¨k % �r�$6#�T�!�V�7�+�v�B�i� � 4�3����c�B����} M ���B1¨�$) % �r�J�� �{�+�´+spfpw@µJfKvB���Df°l�q�f<| lnq�uD�Vl�q¬v-�9qak % �r��6 � i�lnq�egiF��q�tod~d�f�fpegqFtod~d~todI� M �<q M - ~ 3<l�z.�+fx­²� �$6n�["�º % )9�{��­²�� �r�& %zgfxu�l�H��%·Pto�nfpj�­nlnqFq�f-c��=��H?toqFj�­1tod~t�|4�]�9wX§�tye~egfpqFfc���V�Ujrsh�Jl�µ1j�­L� � l�q�u®|afp�1u�l�spsP´ % �r��6¢¡8q�3<� J{£ q M ���.�D1TF

�r�?"r�����g�r�?"r��6� � % �]KiFµ1j{©-d~µ9f8| % �n�$6�¤+q�t¥9«²towyegtou}zgtoty��tyzg�rtoqFwotZjn¯D­rjrqak+toi��}l�q�q�eg§�tyjnzgto�¦� M �<q M - ~ 3Ul�z.�?fp­²� ��6r�n�9º �9�n����­²�� �{�+& %zgfxu�l�H��F·?to�rfpj�­rl�q�qFf²cV�U��H?toqFj�­rtod~tZ|4�T�Dfxlnwotoq�egfpq�f�AV���9wX§�t@e~egfxqFf�����H?fpd~fpqakB�T�Ujrsh�Jl�µ1j�­}���Ëlnq�u¨|afx�ru�l�sxs8´ % �n�$6

c!��«9zgj�­1t{u�fp��«�spto��toq�eXl�egfpjnq¬j�¯Dq�jrqFwosxlnd~d~fpw{l�sxfhe6�aegtodWe-¯öj�zPl�d~fxqF�rsptZ«�l�z~egfpwosptY� M �<q M - ~ 3Ul�z.�?fp­²�#�$6J�r�rº �n�["�)�­²�� �v*�}|Öl�zgd~§�l�spsU�§f �{��)1�&� M }?/r�L�{4 �&¨M - �?© �����7-�5ª}���8��}?/r�=F�1¬�n�$"��!�+*$)

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

11

� ���r& Vj{��tyzQ� a'�{��)r���V�7�+�v�B�9������1Tl�G(�{�$"+*��X�o�$6n�� �?)+}�Flnq�egjnd-���{�$" % :8��3;3<�(h K }��+}��E- � � ~ 3�}P��*1�$"��!�n�J�� �r"r}�9iFzXu9fpqÖ|C�{�$"J�Y� ~�~ � ��~ �.3<���t� ~�M -8��}+- ~ /.4 M���I1TZ % �r��� % *F�� �?6+�uFt-sxl��Utoq�li_Tl�q�u¨�Vtye~egjB´�| % �r�r�^�B����� K 4 ~ 3 K7�2� -0/��?��4 ~ - ~ 3 M } ��K /3;-0} ~ 3�}Y�.3�}?/���4��.3;-0/��5n��/3 M } � � ~ 4 � -0/���;OZspiJ©Vtyz��� �{�+}�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5²�{�r�$"��T��¡8q�3<�(�=}?/r�B� � �� ¢1[��*1��*��!�n� %� % �+}�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5²�{�r�$"&��������B��������´¢Z�ZÖ�$6$"n���!��6r�n�� % �}�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5²�{�r�$"&��������B��������´¢Z�F % *["$"{� % *[6n�� %$% }�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5²�{�r��6#�T��¡8q�3<�(�=}?/r�B� � �� ¢17Z4���$" % �g����"$"� % �+}�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5 % �r�n� JcK7M �!���7�+��y�7} KTM�~ ��·X1�1�*[)1�{��*�" %� % *�}�]lndglru9j}´X��3L4$5 % �r�J� JcK7M �!���7�+��y�7} KTM�~ ��·X17j4�{�r���g�r�{�� % �r·PtowX§�jriF�XO��|Öl�zgd~§�lnsps=�§fëlnq�uª�Fl�q�egjrd-� % �r�n�#�7} K7M�~ � � } � �c¡8q�3<���� T� % "n���X� % 6$"� % )+& %zgfxu�l&H2��3c4�5 % �r� % ���7�+��!:8��3;3<�²´sG�>�>4� % �@�X� % *� % "r& %zgfxu�l&H2��3c4�5 % �r�n���7} K7M�~ � � } � �L¡(q�3<�=Z�N(�r"n�$"{�X�?"�) %� % 6+& %zgfxu�l&H2��3c4�5 % �r�$"#�T���V�7�+����t�{} ~ �?�(�!� M �=F= a�9� % ��*["� % �+}�Flnq�egjnd-� % �n��*,�V�7�+�v��:8��3;3<�²´sj�G= a�r�� �r�+}�Flnq�egjnd-� % �n�[" JLK7M ����������E�7} K7M�~ ��·s�!Gª�n�J�y�!�n�n�� �9�}�%zgj�w{l&'v % �r�$" ��~ 3<�8�T��� K � ��~ �?��� � ��� �<� Z4�$@��%zgj�w{l&'vB�F«Fzgfp­nl�egtPwyjr���_iFq�fpw{l�egfxjnq

Fourth International Workshop DICE2008 IOP PublishingJournal of Physics: Conference Series 174 (2009) 012014 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/174/1/012014

12