profiling of idps in mogadishu

SOMALI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AGENCY

Profiling of IDPs in five settlements: Horsed, Tarabunka, Sigale, Darwish and Bondhere

Somali Disaster management Agency, Mogadishu

Somalia

Mohamed Moalim ([email protected]) August 2014

Somali disaster management agency (SODMA/DMA) is a government entity set forth to coordinate all activities by both government and non-government organizations related conflict, natural and manmade disasters. Full data is available to all relevant stake holders upon request from the DMA. Data collected is confidential and will only be used for planning purposes. IOM have funded this project.

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Map of the settlements profiled

A marked buul/shelter (Bondhere)

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Table of contents

Acronyms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Household ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

Objectives -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

Methodology --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

Findings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

Challenges & Conclusion -- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

List of tables

Table 1 Total number of households profiled --------------------------------------------------------------7

List of figures

Figure 1 Horsed IDPs per sex and age group-----------------------------------------------------------------8

Figure 2 Tarabunka IDPs per sex and age group--------------------------------------------------------------9

Figure 3 Darwish IDPs per sex and age group-------------------------------------------------------------------9

Figure 4 Sigale IDPs per sex and age group--------------------------------------------------------------------10

Figure 4.1 Breakdown Sigale respondents (Age group) ------------------------------------------------------10

Figure 5 Bondhere IDPs per sex and age group--------------------------------------------------------------11

Figure 5.1 –Bondhere IDPs per sex and age group-----------------------------------------------------------11

Figure 6 Total specific needs of all households profiled ----------------------------------------------------12

Figure 7 Total number of all households profiled by age group---------------------------------------------12

Figure 8 Total head of households by gender -----------------------------------------------------------------13

Figure 9 Place of origin of all household profiled ------------------------------------------------------------14

Figure 9.1 Bondhere- Break down Place of origin-----------------------------------------------------------15

Figure 10-Future intentions before relocation------------------------------------------------------------------16

Figure 11 Future intentions after relocation--------------------------------------------------------------------16

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A section of Darwish

Household interview (Tarabunka)

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Acronyms

IDP – Internally Displaced Person(s)

NGO – Non-Governmental Organization

SODMA – Somali Disaster Management Agency

UN – United Nations

WASH – Water Sanitation and Hygiene

JIPS –Joint IDPs Profiling Service

Specific Needs Acronyms

DS – Disabled Person

PG – Pregnant or lactating

SC – Separated /Unaccompanied Child

SGBV – Sexual Gender Based Violence

SM – Serious Medical Condition

SP – Single Parent

Household:

Household is the primary unit of measurement in this survey. The household is rarely contained can live in one or multiple shelters. In Mogadishu, an IDP household is composed of the head of household (male or female who exercises the decision making capacity of the household) and his/her dependents (children, elderly persons, siblings and other extended family members). In some instances, a household is defined as the same unit of persons that share the same cooking facilities and eat together. However, in an IDP context, multiple households can share the same cooking facilities but have different decision makers overseeing distinct groups. The important question used to identify a household:

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INTRODUCTION

Following a successful IDPs profiling pilot exercise in February this year, the Somali Disaster Management Agency (SODMA) have undertaken the first phase of IDP profiling, starting with five of the largest IDP settlements in Mogadishu. Enumeration dates were March 17,18 and 20, April 15 and 26. The IDP settlements profiled are Horsed, Tarabunka, Sigale, Darwish and Bondhere. Horsed, Tarabunka and Sigale are part of the Hodan district in Mogadishu which hosts the largest IDP population in the city since the famine of 2011. Horsed was an ex sports complex and football ground for Somali military, and Tarabunka was an area where annual celebrations were held by the former military government in Somalia for the purposes of parades in honour of the revolution.

IDPs in Sigale are scattered around two kilometer area neighbouring both Waberi and Howlwadaag districts. Sigale area hosts the largest IDPs enumerated in this exercise. Most IDPs in Sigale occupy empty private land and properties. Their numbers fluctuate considerably as a result of higher mobility rates than other IDPs settlements enumerated. As landlords are returning to rebuild their homes and properties, many IDPs in Sigale face evictions and often resettle in other areas of the city as well as KM13 on the outskirts of the city.

The Darwish settlement is located near the Somali parliament building and Sayidka statue in Howlwadaag district. It used to be a public garden close to centre of town, public places and other city attractions. It covers a small area. Given the location and its close proximity to the Bakara market and other important places in Mogadishu, it is one of the most populated settlements in Mogadishu. Darwish IDPs have been somewhat settled compared to other settlements in the city.

The section of Bondhere profiled covers an area similar to Sigale around two Kilometers. It is the second most populated area of this profiling exercise after Sigale. Unlike Sigale, most IDPs in Bondhere live in public buildings and properties belonging to the Somali Federal government. Government buildings that IDPs occupy include the former Ministry of Interior, the former Health Ministry, the former Italian and French Embassies. A large proportion of Bondhere IDPs describe Middle Shabelle as their place of origin, a trend different to all settlements profiled. Furthermore, it appears that a significant number of IDPs in Bondhere inhabited the area longer than most IDPs in Mogadishu according to informal questioning by enumerates.

As it is the intention of the government to relocate IDPs in Mogadishu to the outskirts of the city, the purpose of this profiling was to obtain accurate data in relation to the number of IDPs in settlements, the sex-age disaggregated population figures, place of origin, their specific needs and their intentions with regard to the planned relocations and beyond.

The 2009 Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons requires that IDPs are consulted on decisions relating to their needs1. The Kampala Convention also stipulates that national authorities must provide IDPs with the information they need in order to make a free and informed decision on where they want to settle; be it return home, stay where they are, or move to another

1 Article 9 (2) (k) of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention).

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part of the country2. Given the limited data that has been available relating to IDPs in Mogadishu, it is expected that the government will use this data to analyse and monitor IDPs movement trends and allocate resources to help them find durable solution in the future, as this is the first main IDPs survey of its kind and is considered to be the first primary accurate data available to the government.

OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of this survey is to obtain an accurate sex-age disaggregated population figure of each IDP settlements at the current time. In particular, the specific objectives are: See questionnaire (annex1).

x To obtain primary household data: sex-age disaggregated population figures and place of origin; x To obtain the mobile phone number of the head of household which will function as the unique

identifier and possible means to provide assistance to households in advance or post relocation; x Identify special needs of households prior to relocation (e.g. disabled persons, single mothers); x Understand the intentions of IDP households before and after relocation.

It is worth noting that following lengthy discussions, it was finally agreed that telephone numbers should be used as opposed to collecting bio-metric data, including photos, which may have been considered a violation of the rights of the IDPs.

The government of the Federal Republic of Somalia is the owner of this survey and the Somali Disaster Management Agency (SODMA) on behalf of the government is the lead entity of this exercise in collaboration with IOM, other UN agencies, local and international NGOs.

METHODOLOGY

The targeting of settlements are selected on a phased basis and in‐line with the Government’s plan to prioritise the relocation of IDP settlements located close to locations identified for rehabilitation (e.g. ministerial buildings) or security stabilization (close to key public buildings like the parliament). A ‘sweep’ of all settlements during one time period will not take place. This profiling exercise was based on the assumption that everyone living in the targeted settlements were considered to be IDPs. IDPs profiling working group consisting the DMA, UNHCR and Concern in consultation with JIPS and feedback from all relevant stakeholders were used to develop the methodology and questionnaire used. Main factors considered were targeting real IDPs and safety of enumerates and IDPs themselves. Data collectors were trained. Particular focus on how to identify households, interview heads of households, consent and security arrangements were in place. Database design, management and data were conducted. It was noted that a long period between data collection to relocation could see new households arriving and existing households moving to other locations.

2 Article11 (2) of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention)

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The form design and data collected were aimed to be done in as short a time frame as possible to reduce security threats and prevent inclusion of non‐ IDP households in the relocation plans. In relation to the practical process, community in general was informed about IDPs previous relocation plan. Phase 1 profiling Target settlements were not informed as we feared that it would lead to others coming to the settlements in search of incentives thus we would not be able to get correct figures. Nonetheless district and areas managers were informed prior to the exercise. Data collection teams embarked on target settlements early morning to catch genuine dwellers.

Three of the settlements we targeted, namely, Horsed, Tarabunka and Darwish have more or less agreed boundaries. Darwish in particular had derelict walls around it. Horsed and Tarabunka were previous public places were the boundaries were more or less clear. Bondhere and Sigale were a little bit tricky as there were no clear boundaries. We therefore decided to sweep the entire area which explains the large number of IDPs profiled.

This IDP profiling exercise in all five settlements was carried out by 75 enumerators under the close supervision of eight supervisors. All the enumerators and supervisors were given intense training on how to collect the data.

The main questionnaire is divided into four sections:

x Head of household: name and mobile telephone number; x Household composition: number of males and females by age group; x Place of Origin: district and village / town of origin of the household before they were first

displaced; x Future intentions: Information regarding the household’s future intentions prior to relocation and

post relocation. It was decided that household Mobile numbers were collected as opposed to handing out new SIM cards. This was because of cost implications of getting new SIM cards as well as the fact that households were most likely to use their very own mobile numbers. As part of our methodology, mobile numbers are key identifier as vast majority of IDPs use mobile telecommunication not only as a telephone contact but also as a way of receiving and transferring money through the sophisticated EVC plus system provided by Hormud Telecommunications and other mobile networks providing similar services. Biometric Identification were not used for fear of stigmatisation of IDPs. A total of 8 teams were sent to settlements with each team consisting of a minimum of 8 members across five days. Each team were given a map of the section of the settlement and asked to mark each household they visited with a permanent spray to avoid duplication. It is estimated that there are up to 350,000 IDPs in Mogadishu. It is therefore important that key unbiased data is collected taking into account time scale of the project. Needs assessment is not considered at this stage.

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FINDINGS The total number of households profiled was 8955 and the total number of persons in all households were 49651. Table A sets out the number of households and overall number of persons profiled during this exercise.

Breakdown of household members:

Figure 1 is a breakdown of the members of households in Horsed. Of the 8824 persons profiled, 5727 were children aged 17 and under. 79% of the 5727 children profiled, are aged 11 or under the age of 11. In fact, 51% of all IDPs profiled in Horsed were aged 11 or below. 65% of total Horsed inhabitants are therefore children. There are 51% female adults, which conforms with majority led female households across all settlements. Interestingly, only

Name of Settlement

Number of Households Profiled

Total Number of Persons

Average Household size

Horsed 1559 8824 5.6

Tarabunka 1477 8332 5.6

Sigale 2415 13353

5.5

Darwish 1425 7457 5.2

Bondhere 2079 11685

5.6

1194 1147 654

1357

123

1131 1067

534

1431

186

0-4 years 5-11 years 12-17 years 18-59 years over 60

HORSED- Household members per sex and age goup Male Female

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3.5 % of total households are elderly over the age of 60.

Figure 2

Figure 2 illustrates a breakdown of household members in Tarabunka. Of the 8332 household members profiled, children aged 17 or below make up 63% of all Tarabunka IDPs, similar to figure 1. Most of children are aged 11 or under, with 40% of the children being four years old or below. Again, it is worth noting that the elderly in Tarabunka account for only 4% of the household members.

Figure 3

The findings in Darwish follow suit with the findings in Horsed and Tarabunka. Children account for 65% of all households in Darwish settlement. 53% of IDPs in Darwish are aged 11 or below, with more males than females. 32% of Darwish IDPs are recorded as adults between18-59 with more females than males. Only 3% are over the age of 60

1020 1137

568

1330

175

1091 1032

430

1400

149


TARABUNKA- Household members per sex and age goup Male Female

1029 950 496

1130

119

984 987

384

1261

117


DARWISH- Household members per sex and age goup Male Female

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Figure 4

Figure 4 is a breakdown of the household members in Sigale, it being the largest settlement in this survey. In this settlement, 66% of the household members are children aged 17 or below. 30% of household respondents in Sigale are adults with more females than males. It’s worth noting that Sigale IDPs settlement is the largest area profiled with 13,353 persons.

See figure 4.1 below, which breaks the household members into percentages.

Figure 4.1

1745 1854

854

1941

216

1878 1811

716

2146

192


SIGALE- Household members per sex and age goup Male Female

13%

14%

14%

14% 6%

5%

15%

16%

2% 1%

Sigale-Breakdown by age and gender

Males 0-4 Years Old

Females 0-4 Years Old

Males 5-11 Years Old






Elderly Males Older than 60YearsElderly Females Older than60 Years

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1515 1682

810

1700

178

1621 1451

619

1951

158


Bondhere - Household members per sex and age goup Male Female

Figure 5.0

Bondhere, the second largest settlement in this profile, also follows suit in the findings of the above settlements. It therefore comes as no surprise that 66% of all those profiled in this settlement are recorded to be children aged 17 or below. Only 31% of this population are adults, with 53% of the adults being female. As expected, persons over the age of 60 only account for nearly 3% of the total households profiled with 178 males and 158 females respectively (see figure 5.1).

Figure 5.1

Male_0-4 13%

Female_0-4 14%

Male_5-11 14%

Female_5-11 12%

Male_12-17 7%

Female_12-17 5%

Male_18-59 15%

Female_18-59 17%

Elderly_Male_Over_60

2%

Elderly_Female_Over 60

1% Bondhere- Per sex and age group

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65%

32%

3%

Total Number of Households by age Group in all 5 settlements profiled

Total children (0-17years)

Total adults (18-59years)

Total alderly (60>))

Figure 6

All of the settlements profiled have shown very similar make up of households as exhibited in figure 6. It was found that the largest group of IDPs in these settlements are children, particularly children aged 11 or below who account for 53%. Children overall account for 65% of the total number of IDPs profiled. Adults between the ages of 18 and 59 years old account for 32% of the total number profiled and, interestingly, persons over the age of 60 only account for as little as 3% of all household members of the five settlements.

Figure 7

In terms of gender proportionality, the number of males and females are close and there are no real significant difference: children under the age of 17, 51% are males and 49% are females; 48% of adults are male and 52% are females and 50.2% of those over the age of 60 are men and 49.7% are women. Regardless of the similar numbers of men and women, it is interesting to note that 76% of households were headed by women compared with only 24% male headed households (see figure 7). This is worth noting as there were significant number of male adults who did not identify themselves as head of households.

24%

76%

Total Head of Households by gender in all 5 settlements profiled

Male

Female

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Special Needs: Figure 8

As part of the profiling exercise households were also asked to identify any specific needs that they had. The categories of specific needs that were identified on the forms of the Enumerators were as follows: disability, serious medical conditions, unaccompanied minors, single parents, sexual gender based violence and pregnancy. Of the 8955 households enumerated in all settlements, 729 households (8%) indicated that they had at least one special need. Of the 729 households, 11 households identified more than one specific needs bringing the total number of specified needs to 740. Disability included both physical disability (including missing limbs) and mental disorders. It was found that 21% of the 740 identified disability as a special need. 15% of the 740 were households run by a single parent. People with serious medical condition make up 9%. Of the 740 specific needs identified, 10% were occupied by unaccompanied minors. 3% of the 740 identified a special need but unfortunately did not say what sort of special needs category it was. It is worth noting that only one person in everyone that was profiled identified sexual and/or gender based violence as a special need. The lack of disclosure of sexual and/or gender based violence may be for various reasons including the stigma associated with sexual and/or gender based violence. Also, enumerators carrying out this profiling exercise may have not had the opportunity to build the necessary rapport to encourage victims of sexual and/or gender based violence to confide in them. In any case, it is a well-known fact that victims of sexual and/or gender based violence are less likely to disclose such abuse.

10%

9%

42%

15%

21%

0% 3%

Total Specific Needs of households profiled in all 5 settlements

Unaccompanied child

Serious medical condtion

Pregnant or lactating

Single parent

Disabled person

Gender based sexual violance

Unknown

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Place of Origin: Figure 9

Figure 9 shows the IDPs place of origin. Please note that the figures above reflect all of the five IDP settlement profiled. Lower Shabelle appears to be the region where most of the IDPs profiles hailed from with 40% identifying it as their place of origin. Nearly 29% of the total IDPs come from Middle Shabelle. It is worth noting that a significant number (65%) of IDPs in Bondhere are from Middle Shabelle thus raising the overall number of IDPs from that region (see figure 9.1). It is also worth noting that 5.4% (2670) identified Banadir as their place of origin.

0.6%

28.7%

2.5%

15.2%

40.0%

1.2% 0.5%

5.4% 3.6%

0.2% 0.7% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1% 0.1%

Total IDPs profiled by place of origin

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Figure 9.1

As indicated in figure 9.1, 65% (1348) out of the 2081 households in Bondhere come from Middle Shabelle. Numbers from Middle Shabelle contributed considerably to the overall IDPs from Middle Shebelle as their place of origin.

In Sigale, of the 2415 households profiles, 1270 were from Lower Shabelle, 480 were from Middle Shabelle, 368 were from Bay and 115 were from Galgadud.

In Horsed the highest number of IDPs originated from Lower Shabelle, followed by Middle Shabelle, Galgadud and Hiiraan. In Tarabunka, the largest number of IDPs hailed also from Lower Shabelle followed closely by those from Bay, Banaadir and Galgadud. It is also worth noting that 49 households were in fact from Ethiopia and 1 household from Yemen.

Finally, in Darwish the largest number of IDPs were also from Lower Shabelle followed by Middle Shabelle, Bay and Banaadir. In this settlement there were 5 households from Ethiopia.

Middle Shabelle 65%

Lower Shabelle 19%

Banadir 6% Bay

5%

Hiran 2%

Ethiopia 2%

Galgadud 1% Bari

0% Gedo

0% Mudug 0%

Middle Jubba 0%

Nugal 0% N/A

0% Bakol

0%

Percentage of Bondhere Respondents from each Region

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Intentions before and after relocation:

Figure 10

As figure 10 demonstrates, the largest number of IDPs profiled at 41% would like to permanently return to their place of origin. Almost 15% prefer to relocate to the new site while almost 26% plan to return to their place of origin temporarily. 5.7% had other intentions and over 12% want to remain in Mogadishu by either integrating in Mogadishu or staying with relatives.

Figure 11

As figure 11 illustrates, the largest number of IDPs profiled, 56.6% have other intentions. This figure comes as a surprise as most (41%) identified permanent relocation as their intention before relocation. 20.7% would like to permanently return to their place of origin and 14.2% plan to return to their place of origin temporarily. 8.5% want to remain in Mogadishu by either integrating in Mogadishu or staying with relatives. These figures are very interesting as they establish a significant difference in the intentions of the IDPs before and after relocation.

41.2%

25.8%

12.2% 15.1%

5.7%

Permanentreturn to place of

origin

Hostfamily/Move to

other part ofMogadishu

Other

Future intentions before relocation

Future intention beforerelocation

20.7% 14.2%

8.5%

56.6%

Permenantreturn toplace ofOrigin

Temperoryreturn to

placeof origin

Hostfamily/moveto ther part

of Mogadishu

Other

Future intentions after relocation

Future intention afterrelocation

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Challenges Logistics on the first day of profiling proved to be a little difficult. We were not able to deploy all eight teams at same time as planned due to transportation problems. This led to IDPs in unattended areas of target settlement questioning the intention of this survey and why they were not being interviewed. However, Camp leaders and area managers were able to communicate with IDPs and reassure them. Security as always is the main challenge whenever undertaking such exercise. However, lessons learnt from the pilot exercise really made this process a lot smoother than expected. There were still occasions when we had to use one guard per team as supposed to two but overall it was a satisfactory process. As expected, enumerators struggled identifying certain households. IDP household is seldom contained in a single shelter (buul) or several – data collectors needed detailed training on how to identify the household unit and identify the head of that household. Again prior training and recent pilot exercise allowed team leaders and supervisors to easily identify households using guidelines in enumerators manual. In Sigale, before end of data collection time, IDPs from another area (Waberi) showed up in the hope that they will be profiled. With the help of designated area managers, we instructed team leaders and enumerators not to profile anyone who was unable to prove their shelter and members of their family living in their household. In Bondhere, a gate keeper refused enumerators entry to one settlement (former embassy) causing delay. After negotiations with local police and security guards, she allowed access to enumerators claiming that she had not been consulted. One of the challenges anticipated in this exercise was no-IDPs using IDP settlements to claim assistance. We therefore carefully considered in the overall strategy of the survey. Fortunately, this was not a problem we faced during the profiling exercise. Enumerates were given a special instructions to identify households reporting multiple place of origins. This can be familiar cases particularly when IDPs were forced to flee several times to different towns and cities. Therefore enumerators recorded place of origin as locations IDPs call home and at times wanted to return to. Finally, Out of total households profiled, 95 had their places of origin outside of Somalia. 92 from Somali region of Ethiopia, 2 from Kenya and 1 from Yemen. They were all ethnic Somalis.

Conclusion

It has been estimated that there are at least 1 million displaced people in Somalia and a number between 350,000 to 369,000 IDPs are estimated to be in Mogadishu alone3. This report has focused on the five settlements that were profiled, namely, Horsed, Tarabunka, Sigale, Darwish and Bondhere. The numbers of persons profiled were close to 50,000. The main areas of attention were the make-up of households in terms of head of households, gender, age and specific needs. Furthermore, there was also focus on the place of origin as well as the intention of IDPs before and after the planned relocation of the government.

3 UNHCR

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One of the key findings of this report is the proportion of children to adults. The findings in relation to this were very similar in all of the settlements. The largest group of IDPs are therefore in fact children under the age of 17 at 65%. Of greater interest is the fact that 53% of the total number of IDPs profiled are in actual fact aged 11 or below. Adults only represent 32% of those profiled and those aged 60 years or above only account for 3%. This clearly illustrates the vulnerability of IDPs. It is also worth noting that there are 75 households of the 8955 households that were profiled that are run by unaccompanied minors without any adults present.

It comes no surprise that the overwhelming majority of households are women headed households (76%). This further confirms the vulnerability of IDPs. The number of males and females in total appeared to be more or less similar, showing no real significant differences in the numbers relating to gender.

IDPs by their very nature are considered to be vulnerable. Of 8865 households, 729 (8%) were identified with specific needs. This included a large number of pregnant women, those suffering from physical and mental disabilities, those suffering from serious medical conditions, households with single parents and unaccompanied minors. It was observed that sexual violence was only reported by one person. There could be many possible explanations for this. , it could well be that there were no SGBV cases in settlements profiled or there is a lack of disclosure including the fact that the enumerators are only with households for a short period of time and may not have sufficient time to build up a rapport with them. Sexual violence is considered to be a taboo subject in Somalia, particularly in recent times when the government was involved well documented rape cases persecution surrounding IDPs population.

Most of those profiled originated mainly from Lower Shabelle and Middle Shabelle. The vast majority of those from Middle Shabelle were in fact in the Bondhere settlement (65%). This is in line with the 2011 famine which resulted in a large number of IDPs from Lower and Middle Shabelle influx into Mogadishu. This was further exacerbated by ongoing conflict in Lower Shabelle. An AMISOM led attack on Al-Shabaab outside of Mogadishu in February 2013 has also had an impact on the place of origin of the IDPs in Somalia. It is expected with a further upcoming AMISOM attack on Al-Shabaab along with the current drought will bring further IDPs into Mogadishu from other regions of South Central Somalia.

Finally, when looking at the intentions of IDPs, it was observed that there were contrasts in their intentions before and after relocation. 41.2% claimed that they intended to return to their place of origin before the relocation but this number dropped to 20.7% when asked about their intentions after relocation. Of interest is the fact that in relation to their intentions before relocation only 5.7% had ‘other’ intentions and this number rose significantly when asked of their intentions after relocation to 56.6%. In speculation, it may be the case that many had hopes of resettling other parts of the country or perhaps emigrate to neighboring countries and join Somali refugees already there.

The plight of IDPs in Mogadishu is well known. IDPs face a number of challenges including no real protection mechanism in place; forceful evictions; fragile security settings in Somalia and many more daily challenges. It is hoped that the government will have more informed policies towards finding a durable solution for these IDPs.

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Annex 1(Data collection form)

profiling of idps in mogadishu

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