Practical Jazz Theory for ImprovisationChords and scales

Craig Fraedrich

Practical Jazz Theory for Improvisation

ContentsFoundations

Introduction To Chords

b

Major Key Chord Function

Chord Extensions and Alterations

Minor Scales and Minor Key Chord Function

Other Important Chords and Scales

Introduction to Substitute and Secondary Harmony

Chromatic and Combined Scales

Reference Appendices

b b

Foundations

Example 1–1

Example 1–2

Example 1–3

Example 1–4

Example 1–5

Example 1–6

Example 1–7

Example 1–8

Example 1–9

Example 1–10

Exercise 1–11

Exercise 1–12

Exercise 1–13 Chord Chart

bb b b b b b

b

b b b bb b b b

b b b

b bb b b b

b b b b b b

bb

Exercise 2–1

Exercise 2–2

b b

b

b

b

Exercise 2–3

Exercise 2–4

Exercise 2–5

Exercise 2–6

b b b © b b

3

bb

bb

Exercise 3–1

Exercise 3–2

Exercise 3–3

Exercise 3–4

Exercise 3–5

Exercise 3–6

Exercise 3–7

Introduction To Chords

Example 4–1

b b © ©

b

Example 4–2

4

#

Example 4–3

Example 4–4

Triad Quality Root Third Fifth

Major

Minor b

Augmented ©

Diminished b b

Exercise 4–5

Exercise 4–6

Exercise 4–7

Exercise 4–8

Exercise 4–9

th Chords

b b ©

5

^ ^

b

#

Exercise 5–1

Exercise 5–2

Exercise 5–3

Exercise 5–4

^

Chord 1–3–5–7 Chord 1–3–5–7

© © © © ©© © ©

b b © ©

b b b © ©

b b b © ©

b b b ©

6

Exercise 6–1

Exercise 6–2

Exercise 6–3

Exercise 6–4

Exercise 6–5

Seventh Chord

b

b b

b

Chord 1–3–5–b7 Chord 1–3–5–b7

b © © © ©b © ©

b b Ab ©

b b b b ©

b b b b ©

b b b b

7

Exercise 7–1

Exercise 7–2

Exercise 7–3

Exercise 7–4

Exercise 7–5

Blues in C

Blues in F

Blues in Bb

Blues in Eb

Blues in Ab

Blues in Db

Blues in F©

Blues in B

Blues in E

Blues in A

Blues in D

Blues in G

Seventh Chord

bb b b b

bb

Chord 1– b3–5–b7 Chord 1– b3–5–b7

b b © © ©b b ©

b b b b

b b b b b

b b b b b

b b b b b b

8

Exercise 8–1

Exercise 8–2

Exercise 8–3

Exercise 8–4

Exercise 8–5

7(b5) Chord Diminished Seventh)

Ø

ØØ

¨ ¨

¨

¨

¨ b b b

9

b

Chord 1–b3–b5–b7 Chord 1–b3–b5–b7(¨5) b b b © (¨5) ©¨ b b b ¨

b (¨5) b b b b ¨ b

© (¨5) © © © ¨ b

© (¨5) © © ¨ b

© (¨5) © ¨ b b

Exercise 9–1

Exercise 9–2

Exercise 9–3

Exercise 9–4

Exercise 9–5

Major Key Chord Function

th Chords of

Example 10–1

Example 10–2

10

Diatonic Numeral Chord Structure Quality

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII b

Chord Quality Function

b

F Major b

Scale Degree

Chord Quality

b

Chord Symbol

b b

Example 10–3

KEY Imaj7 IVmaj7 VIIm7(b5) IIIm7 VIm7 IIm7 V7 Imaj7

(b5)

(b5)

Bb

Eb

Ab

Db

F©

B

E

A

D

G

Exercise 10–4

Exercise 10–5

Function

bb

Chord Quality Function

b

11

Example 11–1

© ©

b b bb

b b bb

b

b

Example 11–2

Example 11–3

Example 11–4

Dominant Chord Parent Key Key Signature

C7 b

F7

Bb7

Eb7

Ab7

Db7

C©7

F©7

B7

E7

A7

D7

G7

Exercise 11–5

Exercise 11–6

Exercise 11–7

II–V– I

Example 12–1

Example 12–2

12

Example 12–3

Example 12–4

Example 12–5

Example 12–6

Example 12–7

Key IIm7 V7 Imaj7 Key IIm7 V7 Imaj7

C: F:

Bb: Eb:

Ab: Db:

C: Gb:

F©: B:

E: A:

D: G:

Exercise 12–8

Exercise 12–9

Exercise 12–10

Exercise 12–11

Exercise 12–12

Exercise 12–13

Exercise 12–14

Exercise 12–15

Exercise 12–16

Exercise 12–17

Scale Degree Mode Mode in C Scale in C

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

13

Scale Degree Mode Mode in C Chord in C

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII b

Example 13–1

Example 13–2

b ¨

b bb b b b

b b b b bb b

ModeScale

Degree

Parent Key

Interval Down

Parent Key

Interval Up

Major Scale Template

Pure Minor

Template

Ionian

Dorian b b

Phrygian b b b b b

Lydian #

Mixolydian b

Aeolian b b b

Locrian b b b bb b b

#

Example 13–3

Mode Notes in Chord Symbol

Notes not in Chord Symbol

Modal Chord Symbol

Ionian

Dorian b b

Phrygian b b b b b b

Lydian © #

Mixolydian b b

Aeolian b b

Locrian b ¨ b b b ¨ b b

Function Mode Modal Chord Symbol

Chord Description

I

II

III b b b

IV # ©

V

VI b

VII b b b

b5

b ©

b

Ionian Dorian Phrygian Lydian Mixolydian Aeolian Locrian

KeyChord

SymbolChord

SymbolChord

SymbolChord

SymbolChord

SymbolChord

SymbolChord

Symbol

C # ¨

F

Bb

Eb

Ab

Db

F©

B

E

A

D

G

Exercise 13–4

Ionian Dorian Phrygian Lydian Mixolydian Aeolian Locrian

Key Key Key Key Key Key Key

C b b b b

F

Bb

Eb

Ab

Db

F©

B

E

A

D

G

Exercise 13–5

Chord Extensions and Alterations

Example 14–1

Example 14–2

14

bb

Example 14–3

Example 14–4

#

Example 14–5

Example 14–6

Exercise 14–7

© b © b© © b b

b ©

¨ b ©© © © ¨ ¨

© b b

b

Example 1

©¨

¨©

15

© ¨© © ¨

¨

© © ¨ ¨

Example 15–2

¨ © ¨ © © ¨

© ¨ ©©

Example 15–3

b b

¨ b

b

b

b

Example 15–4

+ # + # # #

Exercise 15–5

Minor Scales and Minor Key Chord

Function

b ª

Example 16–1

Example 16–2

16

Example 16–3

Exercise 16–4

Exercise 16–5

Exercise 16–6

Exercise 16–7

Exercise 16–8

II–V–I

b

Example 17–1

a b c d

¨ ¨

17

¨

¨

Example 17–2

a b

Example 17–3

Example 17–4

Example 17–5

Example 17–6

Example 17–7

Example 17–8

Example 17–9

# # #

© bb

Example 17–10

b

b

Exercise 17–11

Exercise 17–12

Exercise 17–13

Exercise 17–14

Exercise 17–15

Exercise 17–16

Exercise 17–17

Example 18–1

Traditional Melodic Minor

Ascending Melodic Minor (Jazz Version)

18

Example 18–2

Example 18–3

b

b #

b # b

b b b

b # b b#

Example 18–4

Example 18–5

b b

b

©

Example 18–6

b ©

b b b © b

b b © b ©

# # b b # b b #

Example 18–7

Example 18–8

Example 18–9

Example 18–10

Exercise 18–11

Exercise 18–12

Exercise 18–13

Exercise 18–14

Scale Degree Mode Chord Symbol

I

II b ¨

III #

IV # # #

V b ¨ ¨

VI © b

VII © ©

Example 19–1

19

Example 19–1

©

© ©© ©

Mode Major Scale Template Pure Minor Template

Melodic Minor b ª ª

Dorian b2 b b b b ª

Lydian Augmented ©

Lydian Dominant © b

Mixolydian b6 b b

Locrian ©2 b b b b b

Super Locrian b b b b b b b b b

Super Locrian

b

Example 19–2

Lydian Dominant

b

Example 19–3

Locrian © 2©

©

Example 19–4

Chord Mode Parent Melodic Minor

Ebmaj7(©5)

Eb7(©11) b

Ebm9(¨5) © b

Eb7alt b

Abmaj7(©5)

Ab7(©11)

G©m9(¨5)

G©7alt

Dbmaj7(©5)

Chord Mode Parent Melodic Minor

Db7(©11)

C©m9(¨5)

C©7alt

Gbmaj7(©5)

C7alt

Fmaj7(©5)

F9(©11)

Gb7(©11)

F©m9(¨5)

F©7alt

Bmaj7(©5)

B7(©11)

Bm9(¨5)

B7(#9,#5)

Emaj7(©5)

E7(©11)

Em9(¨5)

E7(#9,#5)

Amaj7(©5)

A7(©11)

Fm9(¨5)

Chord Mode Parent Melodic Minor

F7alt

Bbmaj7(©5)

Am9(¨5)

A7(b9, b5)

Dmaj7(©5)

D7(©11)

Dm9(¨5)

D7(#9, b5)

Gmaj7(©5)

G7(©11)

Gm9(¨5)

G7(b9)#5

Cmaj7(©5)

C13(©11)

Cm9(¨5)

Bb9(©11)

Bbm9(¨5)

Bb7(#9,#5)

Exercise 19–5

Exercise 19–6

Exercise 19–7

Exercise 19–8

Exercise 19–9

Exercise 19–10

Exercise 19–11

Exercise 19–12

Exercise 19–13

Example 20–1

Example 20–2

Example 20–3

20

Example 20–4

© ¨

©

©

Example 20–5

©©

Example 20–6

b

b

Example 20–7

b

bb b

Example 20–8

Example 20–9

Example 20–10

Example 20–11

Example 20–12