paper - 22 siddha system of medicine on piles

Siddha System of Medicine on Piles

K. MEENA KSHISUNDARA MOORTHY

Introduct ion

Siddha System of Medicine was a contribution of Dravidian culture. A sect of people with tremendous power in them selves who were called "S iddha r s" by thrir perpetual power developed by mental concentration i. e. Yoga have studied the human anatomy, physiology, illness o f b o d y a n d t h e treatment to the perfection. They postulated a definite and distinct hypothetical theory for the physiology, palhoiogy and treatment of diseases. Thus they classified the treatment into three cate-gory. 1. Vinnavar maruthuvam 2. Manidar maruthuvam and 3. Asura maruthuvam. The first two fall under medication of oral methods and the third refers to the branch or surgery. This was employed only for certain diseases which can not be treated by oral med :cation. This can be infcrrid by the following verse

(ysdia/eos tumoe&aj Qtonrifltui (Jscot juj . t jyesaieSsm smot^tsip jyu>/rws

0?s®perssru u&frsupti-m QpmjpSiu.1

T-' -To evince this the following literary evidences are cited

below. This was very popular

1* Sidijfaar Aruvai Maruthuvam p. 4.

KEEN AKSHISUND ARAM OORTHY 363

"a-UtSaiL-jB Ggirafiibgi

(SeiGfiirir iB($£&errrjb Qtajj^itaitr"1

"a/rrarrreogifi$j *ifgp/i i ojarurra) iLirattr$ sn^a (Spmurrasa Gutrto".9

T h e siddhars had a profound knowledge of h u m a n anatomy h u m a n physiology, human pathology and the t rea tment . They classified the diseases based on the derangement of Mukkut t ram (Three humours) followed by the signs and symptoms and the line of t reatment . They had observed the minute signs and symptoms, they are manifested due to physical illness, Unl ike the modern systemof the disease according to the derangement of three hum-, o u r s and the predominant symptoms. Piles has been classified in to 21 varieties by Yugimunivar, 10 varieties by The raya r and 9 varieties with reference to Aaviyalikkum Amutharaura i Chur -u k k a m ' There are extensive informations of i ts 'causes, course o f illness, ultimate prognosis and treatment of disease. Here, a compara t ive analysis of the different schools of S iddhars with m o d e r n aspect has been attempted.

Dif in i t ion: In modern system the term piles or Haemor r -h o i d s refers the internal, interno external and external haemor r -h o i d s arise in the lowerinch of the rectum a n d upper par t of the A n a l canal .*

T h e Siddha system of medicine has many synonyms viz. . M o o l a Noi, Arippu noi, Adimulai noi, Mulai noi . 4 Th i s disease is def ined as any proturtion or any growth of the anal canal w i t h the associated symptoms of constipation, i tching, burn ing

1 . Kambaramayanam •

2 . Nalayira Divyaprabandam . ^

3 . Text Book of Surgery p 739 by Dr . R . Mahadevan •

4 . Siddha Maruthuvatn p 313 by Dr. C . N . Kuppuswamy Mudaliar '

364 SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE ON PILES

sensation, bleeding and tenesmus.1 Here it can be observed that except the disease "Fistula in Ano* i. e. Powthiram all the other pathological manifestations are included under this disease entity.

Aetiological F a c t o r s : The following factors are considered as the causes of these disease in modern system of medicine.

1. Heredity; The condition may run in families and mas occur in several members of family.

2. Absence of Valves: There are no valves in the veins of the portal system and so a long column of blood extends unsup-ported from the internal haemoirhoidal plexus right up to the liver. Cardiac disease or from some other cause, the absence of valves favours dilatation of the superior haemorrhoidal veins and its tributaries.

3. Chronic constipation: This is an important factor as this causes straining while passing stools. The veins travel obliquely upwards f rom the submucous area through the rectal wall and when contraction of the rectum occurs the veins are obstructed. This is the reverse of what happens in the limbs where contractions favour emptying of the veins.

4. Frequent Purgat iom The frequent use of laxatives and purgatives, occurrence of dysentery and diarrhoea all cause con-gestion and favour the development of piles.

5. Straining at micturi t ion: As may occur in enlarged prostrate or stricture urethra .

5. Pressure of tumours : E. g. gravid uterus, u ter ine fibroids, ovarian cysts."

7. Heavy manual labour : As in port?rs, sudden spurt of exercises in those not used to if, prolonged standing as in t ram drivers.

8. Loss of sph inc te r ; Tonus as may occur with advancing age.

9. Habitual overeating: with resultant obesity and portal congestion may play a par t .

1. Siddha Maruthuvam p 314


10. High bicca pressur.-: 11-u the r .cta! wictuîg as a safety valve.2

As per the Siddhar's school the following causes are attr i-buted for the incidence of this diseases. The unsuitable feeding excess in eating pungent, sour, salt or hot food, fasts, want of movement, sleep by day, riding, squatt ing, alcoholism, sexual extravagance, suppression of excretions, grief, anger etc. appear as the causes of this disease.

This can be inferred by the following versions.

"arTtu$j$a {Lpailjm.il sB$ist*tir Q&atirm utrQujrr&& J§uaati> uS fsiu tuu.dSa) eu/riq, w r u t i > a > s u a > <D{UL-i>@ib Qunî,

Lf;§ih&inr^ jairSm,"

"surriif U j g j ^ u>Q)&G&T C j k L L u f . & f i j L . i i . * da Qfirraj u>mitu/flw qpatQee ^mdjBiLf QptasaQufteo urrcsrssR {â^Sis."1

Here the grater Emphasis of the psychological factors may be observed where the modern science has not included them.

Pathology of Modern Schoo l ; Tbey are dilatations of the internal haemorrhoids plexus constituted by the superior h aemorrboids arteries and veins. External haemorrhoids are situated in the lower third of the anal canal or at the anal margin. They are dilatations of the external haemorrhoids plexus formed by the internal pudental arteries and veins.3

Pathology of Siddha School : Among the humours because of dietetic habits i. e. consumption excessive tubers, chillies and in take of hot food materials the Vali humour is predominantly affected. It affects the normal function of Abana vayu (which mediates the functions like excretion and parturit ion), .

Text Book of Surgery p. 739 Tbirumoolar Nadi Nool p . 275 Text Book of Surgery p . 739


Apart f rom this the beginners of the yogic practice are mainly affected, if they d o not perform it .correctly,with the proper guidance. In the long courSfe this disease affects some of the udat kat tukal (Tissues) viz. blood and lymph, consequence of this, body is debilitated.1

This concept of Siddha system can be correlated with modern concept. But the enlightment of their distinct five elemental theory of physiology and pathology is imperative. Due to the inadequate time and space it is not dealt here.

Symptom : The following symptoms and the classifications are found in the modern scieuce.

C l a s s i f i c a t i o n : 1. Acute haemorrhoids : An anal swelling from inflamma-

tion or thrombosis in the inferior rectal veins or from rupture of one of these veins.

2. External haemorrhoid : Haemorrhoids situated outside or protruding beyond the sphicter ani externus m u s c l e ; redundant fold of perianal skin.

3. Internal haemorrhoid : A redundant fold of mucous membrane of the lower rectum at the anorectal junction co r re s -ponding to the terminal branches of the inferior rectal artery and vein, caused by oedema or by dilatation of redicles of the inferior rectal vein.

4. Interne-external haemorrho ids ; Internal haemorr-hoids which have grown downwards under the skin of the anus to protrude partly.

5. Prolapsed haemor rho id : Internal haemorrhoid that have protruded through the anal orifice.

6. Strangulated h a e m o r r h o i d : Prolapsed muscles so that they cannot be returned by pressure.1

Symptoms t The passage TpC fresh blood during defaecation is the initial symptom.

1. Siddhar Aruvai Maruthuvam p . S3 by Dr. C . S . Uthamaroyan.

2. Butter Worths Medical Dictionery p . 774


1st uc^rec ; h e r e bleeding is the only symptom and it occurs dur ing defaecat ion . There may be sense of warmth also.

2nd degree ; Here in addi t ion to the bleeding prolapse of the pi le occurs when the patient strains a t stools, but it slips back spontaneous ly when the expulsive effort ceases.

3rd degree : A t a later stage the pile prolapses dur ing defaeca-tion and remains prolapsed till it is pushed back. The prolapse may occur with any extra exertion such as prolonged standing or walk ing abou t and has t o be pushed back.

4th degree : Sooner or later the pile remains permanently p ro lapsed . It cannot to pushed back.

It is easy to unders tand that in the thi rd and fourth degree piles bleeding may occur independant of defaecat ion . Further discharge of mucus, infection and ulceration will invariably fo l lows . Walking will be uncomfor tab le . The clothes get soi led. T h e constant leakage of mucus on to the anal skin results in its getting sodden. Pruri tus with consequent scratching and excoriation of the skin will result. Such i r r i table person being referred to a s a " m a n w i t h piles" is not wi thout b a s i s . 1 1

In S iddha system of medicine the following classifications by different Siddhars are available. According to Therayar Piles h a s been divided into 10 which are as fol lows s

1. Seezh moo lam 3. Thee moolam 5. Mula i m o o l a m 7. K a d u p p u moolam 9. K a t r u moo lam

2. 4. 6. 8.

10.

Pun moolam Neer moolam Sathai moolam Veluppu moolam Perumula i moolam 1 9

In Aaviya la ikkum Amutha Mura i C h u r u k k a m Piles has been classified in to 9 types as follows :

9

11. Text Book of Surgery p . 740

12. Therayar Segarappa 254.


3. Raiha moolam 5. Mulai moolam 7. Vali moolam

1. U1 moolam *

2. Pura moolam 4. Seezh moolam

6. Moola-p-pandu 8. Azhal moolam

9. Iyya m o o l a m 1

Yugi Munivar has divided Piles into 2L types as follows ; 1. Neer moolam ; He describes the general symptoms of piles along with the watery discharge.

2. Sendu moolam : The symptoms of IV degree piles or Pen-dulous piles age described i. e. large protursion. This protru-sion remains permanently and cannot be pushed back, bleeding and serum discharge can also be seen. This can be compared with modern strangulated piles.

3. Perumoolam ; A single protrusion like turmeric and with the associated symptom like constipation, tenusmus, bleeding are described.

4. Sirumoolam : The symptoms that can be seen in proctitis are described. Small red papular eruption with bleeding.

5. Varal moolam i The symptoms of internal piles with bleeding can be correlated to this.

6. Raktha moolam : The piles with profuse bleeding is described here . The constitutional symptoms which are caused in anaemia are also described.

7. Seezh moolam : The condition where the piles a r e infected causing discharge of pus are referred.

8. Azbi moolam : In this the protrusion will be like Dioscorea (Valli kizhangu). The prognosis is bad .

9. Thamaraga moolami Here the symptoms of IV thdegree piles with multiple protrusion can be correlated with these type of piles.

1. Aaviyalaikkum Amuthamurai Churukkam p . 297

K E E N AKSHISUND ARAM OORTHY 369

10 VaH mrolsre • "•"His is due to derangement or Vali humour where dryness or prolapse, black coloured, excessive pain, and chronic constipation are seen. .

. 11. Azhal moolam : This is due to ths derangement of Azha l humour , burning sensation, inflammation, red colour, prolapse and bleeding can be seen.

12. Ayya moolam : This is due to the derangement of Iyya humour .

13. Mukklltra moolam : This is due to this derangement of Mukkut ram (Thridosa) The symptoms described are as the symptoms manifested in the disease condyloma of Anus . The prognosis of which is very bad.

14. Vinai moolam : The vague symptom? and the con-st i tut ional symptoms like constipation, irritability, colic, anorexia and dyspepsia are described.

15. Mega moolam : This refers to the piles associated with Gonorrhoea .

16. Pavuthra moolam : The description under this head-ing is found to compare to piles with fistula in ano.

17. Kazhal moolam : The piles associated with Bubo. 18. K u d h a moolam t The'piles associated with prolapse

of the rectum is seen. This can be correlated with prolapsed piles.

19. Veli m o o l a m : The condition of proctitis which infected is described.

20. Churukku moolam: Excessive constipation, flatulance and pain in the lower abdomen are seen.

21. Savvu moolam: The prolapse of rectum III degree The protrusion of the rectal wall through the anal orifice i re fe r red . 1

1. Yugi muni Vaidya Chinthamani -p. N o . 143

S - 24


One can be easily evinced that the Siddhars have included almost ail the clinical varieties described in modern text. Thus the acumen, or disernment of Siddhari can be proved only in practical and clinical application of their principles.

The preliminary signs and symptoms: Weakness in diges-tion, diarrhoea or constipation, flatulence, spermatoria , feeble-ness, cramps in the calf of the ieg, giddiness, swollen eyes, colic dislike for eating, indigestion, sleeplessness etc.

This disease has been classified based on the prognosis as 'Curable* and ' Incurable ' ;

The curable types of piles are as follows:

1. Neer moolam 2. P c u :noolara 3. Varal moolam 4. Kuruthi moolam 5. Vali moolam 6. Thee rnuolarn 7. Mega moolam 8. Kuzhi moolam 9. Kazhal moolam 10. Vcli moolam

11. Surukku moolam 12. Sawu moolam and the incurable type of piles arei

1. Sendu moolam 2. Siru moolam 3. Seezh moolam 4. Aazhal moolam 5. Vinai moolam 6. Iyya moolam 7. Kutha moolam 8. Mukkutra moolam 9. Tbamaraga moolam

Pr inc ip le s of Trea tment

Treatment of Modern

In early cases correction of constipation may be of great help. This should be alone, not by routine use of laxatives o r purgatives, the habitual use of which might it self cause piles, bot m a i n t / b y regulation of diet, taking more vegetables favours the formation of roughage, drinking plenty of water also bene-ficial. In many cases1 constipation is due to avoid going to the closet out of mere laziness. Liquid paraffin is prescribed as a laxative but the use of it or any other laxative as a routine should be avoided. Overeating and excessive consumption of

K. MEBNAXSHISUNDARAMOORTHY 371

alcohol caust portal congestion and favour the fo rmat ion of piles and should be avoided. 1 .

In Siddba texts the following line of treatment is r e c o m . mended. Here one can see the similiarity which proves t h e perfection of the Siddhars knowledge on the disease and t r e a t -ment .

T r e a t m e n t ! According to siddha conception as in th i s disease the vali humour is predominantly vitiated in order t o correct h , some laxative is to be given. According t o the Severity of disease external medicaments like fumiga t ion , external application, and ointment are recommended.

The following laxatives are described as useful f o r th is purpose.

1. The petals of rose soaked in honey-which is called panneer poo Tbcnooral .

2. Dried grapes with honey

3. Moola Kudaara Thailam < Drugs: | . Fried Tender Terminalia Cbebula 3 5 ' g m s .

2 . Castor oil 1400 gms.

Process* -Fry the tender fruits in castor oil. When b rown and swollen take and powder. Mix the powder with the oil and^keep.

Indication! Bleeding piles and constipation. Dosei 1 to 2 teaspoons at bed t ime. '

4. C h o o r n a m : Drugs :

1. Thootbuvalai Ver — Root of solanum tr i lobatam 2. Marutkizhangu — Sansaveria roxburghiana 3 . Karunai kizhangu — Amorphopballus Campanula tus 4 . Aarai — Marsilea quadrifolia

1. Test Book of Surgery p . 740 2. Siddha Maruthuvam p 345 3 . Siddha Vaidha Thirattu p. 348


5. Kaat tukkarunai — Amorphapballus Sylvaticus 6. Pirandai Ver — Root of cissus quadrangularis 7. Milakaranai Ver — Root of Toddalia asiatica 8. Arukan Ver — Root of cynodondactylon 9. NecnnuIIi Ver —• Root of Asteracantbalongi

golia.

Process: The above said drugs are taken in equal p ropor -tion, purified and powdered.

Dosage t 1-2 grams with boney. Indication: All types of piles.1

3. D r u g s :

1. Kat tukkarunai — Amorphophallus sylvaticus 70 gms* 2. Kodi Veli — Plumbago Rosea 10 gms. 3. Milagu — Piper nigrum 10 gms.

Process i The above said drugs are taken in the above mentioned quantit ies purified and powdered.

Dosage; 2-3-gms. with gingely oil.

Indication: All types of piles.1

4. Drugs i

1. Omam — Carum roxburghianam 35 gms. 2. Sukku — Zingiber officinale 35 gms. 3. Kodiveli Ver — Root of Plumbago Rosea 35 gms. 4. Kadukkai — Terminalia Chebula 105 gms. Processt The drugs are taken in the said quantities purified

and powdered. Dose: 3-4 gms. thrice a day with buttermilk. Indication: All types of piles.®*

5. Drugs; Kadugu — Brassica nigra Kattu ellu _ ... 7 - Sesamum Indicum Thippili — Piper longum Sukku — Zingiber officinale

1. Siddha Maruthuvam p. 3^8 2. Aaviyalikkum Amuthamurai churukkam p . 307

1 MEENAKSH1SUNDARAM00RTHY 373

T«c Juovw mtavioaeu urugs .are taken each weighing 35 gins, purified and powdered.

Dose : 1-2 gins, twice a day with honey.

Indica t ion: All types of piles.1

6. The N„yuruvi (Acbyranthes) leaves are taken and s ground with water.

Dose: 2-3 gms. twice a day with gingely oil.

Indication: All types of piles.8

7. Drugs: 8.75 gms. Marutham Pattai (Bark of Terminalia ar juna) is taken and ground with water.

Dosage: 2-3 gms. twice a day with milk. »

Indication: All types of piles.®

8. Drugs:

1. Karakarunai — Amorpbophallus companulatus 2. Kandu Barangi — Clerodendrum serratum 3. Salt

Process: The above mentioned drugs are mixed in a vessel and burnt. The ash is mixed with buttermilk and again boi led. When it is warm, butter and candied sugar are mixed and taken.

Dosage : 5-10 gms. twice a day.

Indication : All types of piles4

9. The Karakarunai (Yam) peal off the outer skin, cut into small pieces dried and powdered. The powder is boiled in steam and then the required amount is mixed with ghee and sugar and taken without discontinuity.

1. Aaviyalikkum Amuthamurari Churukkam p . 306 2. —do— p . 308 3. —do— p . 298 4. Therayar Venba p. 30

3 7 4 SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE ON PILES I

Dosage t 5-10 gms. twice a day. I n d i c a t i o n : All types of piles.1

Naga Chendnram :

D r u g s :

1. Zinc — 1400 gms. 2. Potassium Nitrate — 4000 gms. 3. Zingiber Officinale — 140 gms. 4 . Carum Roxburgbianum — 1000 gms. 5. Curcuma loaga — 140 gms. 6. Achyranthes aspera — 5500 gms. 7. Lime juice — ( C i t r u s aurant i fol ia) sufficient

Process i Melt Zinc in a pan. Add small quantities of a mixture of 2 to 6 and mix until the metal attains a powdery form. Gr ind the product with 7 for 5 days make cakcs dry and calcine using 300 cow dung cakes. Repeat grinding with lime juice and calcination 12 or 14 more times. The chendooram should be yellowish brown in colour.

Dose : 100-200 mg. with three pungents powder.

Indicat ion : All types of piles. '

Snyamakkin i Chendooram

Drugs i

1. Mercury — 40 gms. 2. Sulphur — 80 gms. 3. Red orpiraent — 20 gms. 4. Lead stone — 160 gms. 5 Iron filings — 320 gms. 6. Aloe Juice (Aloe barbadensis) — Sufficient quantity.

Proqess ,»- Grind sulphur ' and mercury into fine black sulphide. A d d other drug powders and grind with 6 for atleast

1. Therayar Segarappa 260 2. Agasthiyar Chendooram-300,


6 hours . S r r M ^ «>«-nit!»nt n3Ste in a bronze pan and dry in s u n - x i ^ t M J t f j f c ^ i M o l ^ V H l ^ B K c K in colour.

Dose : 100-200 mg. with Cheeraga choornam or Seendih cbooranam.

Indication ? All types of piles.1

Muthu C h i p p i Barpam

Drugs i

1. Pear! oyster shells 2. Vitex ncgundo leaf juice 3. Adha toda Vasica 4. Black musali juice

— 150 gms. — Sufficient quantity — - d o -— - d o -

Process : Powder the shells and grind with 2 into a very fine paste. Gr ind ing should be done atleast for a day. Make cakes, dry and calcine using 30 dung cakes. Collect the pro-duct and similarly grind and calcine using 3 and 4 each separately. Powder the final calx. It should be dull white in colour.

Dose : 200-400 mg. with gbee or biitter.

Indication : All types of piles.1

Naga B a r p a m

Drugs :

1. Zinc — Quantity taken 2. Aloe barbadensis juice — Sufficient 3. Wed lia Calendulacea leaf juice — Sufficient

Process : Mel t the metal in a pan and add small quantities of 2 continously with stirring, till the metal is converted into a powder.

1. Agathiyar Vaidyam-600. 2. Siddha Vaidya Thirattu p. 120


Grind this powder with aloe pulp into a fine paste, n a k e cakes, dry calcine and recalcine repeating grinding with aloe pulp until the clax has no green tint any more and the product is yellowish white.

Dose ; 100- 00 mg. with butter or ghee or Thethan kottai legiyam.1

Natha i Barpam

Drugs :

1. Apple snails (alive) — Quantity 2. Abutilon indicum leaf juice — Sufficient quantity

Process : Wash the exterior of the shell and operculum (cover) of the snails, put in a pot, seal with the lid and calcine. Take the contents of the pot which now is in the form of ashes. Grind the ash with 2, make cakes, dry and calcine. Repeat grinding and calcination till a dark ashy white calx results.

Dose : 200 to 400 mg. with ghee or butter.

Indication: Bleeding piles, inflammation of the anal sphincter.®

Vanga Barpam

Drugs :

1. Tin - 2 kg. 2. Conchshells — 2 kg. 3. Lime water (from Chunnam of shells) — Sufficient quantity

Process ; Melt the metal. Add small quantities of powders of the cohchshells and mix with an iron rod till all the shell powder is consumed and the metal shell mixture becomes a powder. Grind this powder with limewater make a paste, prepare cakes, dry and calcine using 200 cow dung cakes. Repeat grinding and calcination twice more, or till perfectly calcined. Powder "finely to 'obtain a pale creamy white calx.

1. Bogar-700 2, Gusa padam. Part I I & III by Dr . R. Thyagarajan,

L MEENAKSHI SUNDARAMOORTHY 377

Indication i All types of piles, fistula.1

Earnnai Legiyam

Drugs t

1. Amorphophallus sylvaticus tubers — 100 gms, dry

Process: Boil water and jaggery till dissolved. Tben filter and boi! again to a syrupy consistency. And (fine powders of 1 to 13 and mix well. Then mix ghee into it.

Dose « 5-10 gms. twice daily preferably with Naga barpam or Nathai barpam.

Indication : All types of p i les . '

External Medicines >

1. External application ; 1. Amirtba Vennai Drags .*

1. Corrosive sublimate — I part 2. Butter — 150 parts

2. Amorphophallus Campanulatus 3. Cissus setosatubers 4. Cissus quadrangularis stems 5. Saseveriaroxburghianarhizcme 6. Root of Aloebarbadensis 7. First yam . 8. Mango cotyledons 9. Zingiber officinale

10. Terminalia chebula 11. Cyperus rotundus 12. Root of plumbago indica 13. Cassia fistula pulp 14. Palm Jaggery 15. Ghee 16. Water

4 ,0 '0 gms. dry 1,300 gms. dry 2,000 gms, dry

- d o --do--do« - d o --do--do-

1. Kannusamy Parambarai Vaidyam p. 425 2. - d o -

378 SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE ON PILBS

Process :

Add a little butter to 1 and grind well. Continue grinding wilh the addition of more butter for 6 hours . Wash the ground mixture 7 times with cold water and store in a coot place.

Indications; external application for pi les .

2 . The leaves of J a t r o p h a c u r c a s are fried with castor oil and applied.

3. The leaves of Abutilon Indicum are fried with castor oil and applied.

F u m i g a t i o n :

- T h e flesh of crocodile is heated aod the Abana Vayu (anal canal) is exposed to the smoke of the flesh.

t

S t e a m Bath:

Drugs: Omam — Carumroxburghianum Sukku — Zingiber Officinale Manjal — Curcuma longa Milagu — Piper longum

Process : The above mentioned drugs are ground nicely heated and mixed with water and the body is covered with a sheet and exposed to the steam.

Rej«- Therayar Venba—132. V a p o u r Bath

The leaves of vitexnegunds are boiled with water and the burn t brick is inserted into the boiled water and the body is covered with a sheet and exposed to the steam.

Diet i The easily digestible food materials like greens, f r u i t s and vegetables like elephant yam, lady's fingers, etc. shou ld be t a k e n ; Salt sour and Acridity figs should be avoided.- •Taking ^ffibre''Ve|etaMe l favours the formation of roughage . Overeating and excessive consumption of alcohol cause portal congestion and favour the formation of piles and therefore should be avoided.

L. MBENAK8HISUNDARAM00RTHY 379

t i , ^ nam* af r e p a r a t i o n s for the t reatment of piles

refercd f rom the various books are as follows.

Sarabendira Vaidya Mural*

1 . Amman pacharisi ennai -page 87 2. Shilajit barpam • » » 89

3. Idivallathi chooranam - »» 91 4. Thirikadugu Nei • » » 93 5. Karunai cbooranam • • » 104. 6. Raasa Legiyam - »• 106 7. Ballathagi Lehyam - 2 107 8. Kaattukarunai Legiyam - >• 111 9. Karunaikkizbangu cbooranam 120

10. Nayuruvi cbooranam - i» 127 11. Raktha Moolakkaduppkku

Sathikkai Maruntbu - >• 135

Kannusami Parambarai Vaidyam;

1. Sarva Moolatbirku Karunaikkizbangu chooranam page 98

2 . ' Ponnangannikkirutham 252 3. Rasa Cbendooram •I 347 4. Natbai Odu Barpam 395 5,.. Naga barpam »i 409 6. Karuvanga barpam 419 7. Velvanga barpam »» 421 8. Velvanga pavazba barpam >i 426 9. Velvanga changu barpam n 427

Tberayar Vagadamt

1. Moolavayvukku Kala pputhool >i 15S 2. Moolatbirkkaaram »» 217

Kadnkkai Vallarai Than imanbu:

1. Eruvaai Moola chooranam page 69

Agathiyar Pailn-200:

1. Moolathirku Puttaviyal it 40 ? 2, Moolavayukku Adai tt 37


Agathiyar pari pooranam—400:

1. Thethan kottai legiyam

Conclusion: The term piles or haemorrhoids refers to the disease, 'Moola Noi ' which has many synoyms. The definition, the sings and symptoms of the disease, pathology and the princi-ples of treatment of the Siddha system of Medicine has more similarity with modern school. The Siddhars have attached more importance to the psychological factors which cause this disease, where no reference has been made by the modern texts.

This proves that Siddhars have studied the human constitu-tion and the knowledge of their medicinal system was exciting and brilliant.

Acknowledgement: The au thor is more thankful for the . Director. CCRAS, project officer, L .R. & D. D. , and Dr . r. Anandan, A .R .O. , M . C . R U. for his criticism. The co-operation from the staff of L. R . &. D. D . is appreciated.

Bibliography*

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paper - 22 siddha system of medicine on piles

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