Project Paper (article review):

THE EXHIBITION AS A MEDIUM FOR THE PRESENTATION OF ART

Lecturer

Dr. Harrinni Binti Md. Noor

Prepared by

Mohd Akbar Bin Omar

2014583031

PSV706

ED702

28 December 2015

1 | P a g e

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The chosen theme

Researcher chose the theme of The Exhibition as a Medium for The Presentation of Art as

Project Paper for this article review. Eight articles were presenting for the last class of year 2015

for these semester. The theme was chosen because researcher found new thing that interest to

highlight from the rest of the discussion and forum through the Facebook. Although, it not most

related to researcher title of research, but it can used to clarify something that made sense to

think about as the art educators and of course as a new researcher. Researcher firstly

explained what the articles all about such as author, year publishes in the background below.

The issues that finalize by the presenter also stated. Then researcher stated next subtopic in

the topic of discussion and analysis based on Facebook forum, presentation and from

discussion with lecturer as an observant. Therefore, researcher concludes from the strength

and the weakness of the article, an argument, based to the related current issues in the last

topic. This conclusion part, been discussed about the issues especially from Malaysian

prospect.

BACKGROUND

2.1 1st presenter: Noorsyazwani Bt Jamaluddin

Title: Should Museums and Art Galleries be just “for art’s Sake” or Should they suit the needs of tourists?

Author: Marija Dragicevic , Stijepo LetunicJournal: ScienceDirect.comYear publishes:

2014, University of Dubrovnik, Department for Economics and Business Economics,Dubrovnik 20000,Croatia.

Keywords: museum; galleries ; art ; selling; Dubrovnik

2 | P a g e

Method: Questionnaire ( 20 Questions )1st group question: Demographic Data2nd group question: Tourists Experiences

Sample: 300 touristsIssues: Art galleries fail to satisfy the visitors.

This article explored the tourist’s perception towards museum and art galleries

collection. They wanted to know what type of museums and art galleries are should be. In

addition, they also covered on how they should sell art to the tourists. According to the citation

that stated as the significant of this research, (Marija Dragicevic and Stijepo Letunic, 2013)

stated that “Very often in art museums (classical and modern) and art galleries tourists are

guided in the manner that they only pass by the exponents and it fails to satisfy visitors

adequately.”

Quote from some of the findings, the important point was that most of visitors would like

to get some new experiences showed by 67% of the samples were agreed. Rather than 54%

are satisfaction with the museum or gallery collection report and 15% very satisfaction.

However, there some weakness by the way they create the question when the finding shows

46% neutral with the presentation. These are the important role of giving questionnaire form. In

my opinion natural choices of answer should not been giving in any questionnaire that can

describe for just a save choice. It considered useless in gaining some sake of research finding.

The tourist not satisfied on the factors of the way that their present the information and

displayed with not an entertaining way. This are also happened everywhere all over the world.

Somehow, this type of research always as an important for application refers to what public

interest nowadays. Most of it was the general and simple finding that always should do yearly in

gaining some benefit out of the study. It because, galleries and museums always the first

impression to find out the countries identity that they visit. The information and the way they

lookalike should give an extra view to promote the culture and heritage. The placed of these

museums and galleries hope to utilize public place such as at the shopping mall such as Gallery

3 | P a g e

Petronas placed in the central of the KLCC mall. We should saw with a different way, it may

presentable for some sake of multifunction space instead, to educate or promote the art or

cultural. Art galleries or museums as the placed to giving an information and the shopping mall

as selling placed just for one time goes.

2.2 2nd presenter: Fatin Nur Tiara Bt Abdul Jalil

Title: 3D Virtual Worlds as Art Media and Exhibition Arenas: Students’ Responses and Challenges in Contemporary Art Education.

Author: Lilly Lu(Northern Illinois University)Journal: Studies in Art Education: A Journal of Issues and Research 2013Year publishes:

2013, National Art Education Association

Keywords: -Method: Mixed-method by surveys, interviews, observations, online

discussions and conversations, snapshots ,videos of events, and participant assignments.

Sample: 25 art education students and 7 in-service art teachersIssues: -Art Educators- lack of knowledge and resources to apply the new

capabilities of 3D Virtual World (Annnetta, et al., 2008)-Students’-main frustration and barrier for beginners due to misunderstanding the learning tasks, inability to find objects and technology problem (Gerstein, 2009)

This research reported the positive learning experiences and attitude to art education

students. Responses to this 3D Virtual World as an art medium and exhibit arena bring

contemporary way alias with the current gaming era. However, to fit the purpose, it just can

apply to the full utilize placed which affordable space and again, it costly. It may good for some

usability as an exposure in promoting the technology as one of the pedagogy tools in teaching

art.

In this 3D Virtual World may have some good and bad influence in allows creating an

art. Still can help the student learning in various way to keep them in touch with the learning

process. Student should show various techniques but still it has some choices to pick the best

for their own mind. I agreed the conclusion stated by this research that 3D Virtual World can

4 | P a g e

developed the critical thinking among students regarding the 3D Virtual World in art education

and exhibition arenas. It because, this presenting new way for students jump out into a real-life

look-alike and solve the problem. The Barriers and frustration are the parts of learning process.

Art helps students develop key “habits of mind” that include: higher order thinking, creativity,

critical thinking, and the ability to pose and solve problems, self-discipline, and self-confidence.

These skills are necessary for success in art, and once learned, can translate to success in

other areas of school and life.(Kent Sidel, University of Cincinnati)

2.3 3rd presenter: Siti Atirah Bt Abdul Rahim

Title: Adult Visitors In Museum Learning EnvironmentsAuthor: Free De Backer, Jeltsen Peeters, Ankelien Kindekens, Dorien

Brosens, Willem Elias, Koen Lambaerts from Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Educational Sciences, Pleinlaan 2, and Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontsraat, Belgium.

Journal:Year publishes:

2014

Keywords: Art education, contemporary art, audience engagementMethod: Qualitative (conducted 2 studies)Sample: Study 1: Analysis of educational tools- the visitor

Sample: 80 adult visitors, (42 women,38 men) visiting the exhibition of Lawrence Weiner/Liam Gillick and ‘East of 4 degrees 24 minutes’ in the Antwerp Museum of Contemporary Art in Belgium.Study 2: An analysis of educational tools- the museum educatorInvestigate the museum educator’s perceptions of current adult educational approaches in museum settings.Sample: 26 participants from 7 organizations (5 museums, 2 art centers)Instrument: Semi-structured group interviews

Issues: 1. The difficulty with unclear interpretations from the perspective of the visitor

2. The heterogeneity of the museum public which often results in a focus on the already informed audience.

From the objective of this research, the researcher wanted to examine the development

and use of educational tools in contemporary art museums. The analysis then analyzed as

current educational tools to target new audiences or sustain audience loyalty. It same purpose

5 | P a g e

with the first presenter but different method conducted. This research much more on observed

visitors experience in contemporary art museums. They provided educational tools and their

personal needs for info to see a consistency between it. How do museums determine the nature

of info for educational tool development, the main barriers influencing the use of educational

tools by visitors also as their finding. This because contemporary arts can be considered as

excellent ways for museumgoers practicing process of meaning-making.

An exhibition was deemed successful if visitors “got” what the developers intended.

Meaning making is a term, which recently has come creating exhibitions as rich environments

that encourage visitors to observe, explore, experience, and inquire, and from this to make their

own meanings (Ted Ansbacher, 2002). Researcher found that, providing an educational tool for

the audience through giving guide tour, workshops and lectures prepared quality facilities and

services. They are also prepared hands-on activities and technological tools such as labels,

video, and audio. Based on Malaysian education prospect also seem as the same approach

needed. Frameworks for the facilitator, which is to understand visitors need using DBAE

approach.

Match the educational tools with visitor needs by having preliminary assessment,

formative evaluation, and summative evaluation for the sake of meaningful exhibition. Some

findings can helps to visitor’s info needs relative to art, history, and perceived barriers for the

use of educational tools.

Visitors preferred variety of educational tools that provide info about the making, artist,

meaning of artwork, history, and art movements. Museums need to prepare balance educational

tools based on the degree of the difficulty and depth understanding. Too many tools which are

complicated would messy the visits. So having through the info needed will helps not ruin the

mood of various type of visitors. For the public much needed when its deal with contemporary

art that hard to understands. Facilitating services as tour guide suggested as educate the

visitors in contemporary art museums.

6 | P a g e

2.4 4th presenter: Aliza Bt Mohd Salleh

Title: Human Visual Quality: Art gallery exhibitionAuthor: Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab , Alia Fatin Ahmad Zuhardi Faculty of

Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam

Journal: ScienceDirectYear publishes:

2013, AicQoL 2013, Langkawi

Keywords: Visual quality, art, galleryMethod: Interview and observation at Segaris Art Centre, KLSample: Interior designer and academicianIssues: Artworks display in the gallery is lack in consideration of human visual

perceive rather than beauty of physical space

Rather than just studied opinions from the public, this fourth presenter showed one of

interesting research. This research has chosen one of the best art gallery in Malaysia itself. The

researcher shows the way in defined factors and determined quality visualization between

viewers and the artworks of an art gallery exhibition in Malaysia. They observed on space

planning, luminance effect, interior and material finishes. By examined causing reflections from

the light made we thought about how important of visual spatial to the art displays. The special

part of examined was how reflected glare are brought some extra special for this gallery display

with all white background as a must. I was interested to join this gallery when a special

character that suits for my glass painting which are transparent without any frame plated.

According to this article shows that this unusual character disappeared when matte glass

replaces.

Some others, the average distance area from display to the viewer about 1050mm found

as great deal for visitors. However, it depends on how big are the artwork. This gallery area

found empty without any misplaced of sculptures that studied as an interrupted environment for

the main objectives. Seem this gallery was done till the tiny factors that lastly can be as the

successful purpose of sustain the minimal things.

7 | P a g e

Observation

Again, most brilliant findings for this Segaris Art Centre are, most paintings in frame and

covered with transparent glass. Paintings different sizes placed on white painted walls. Some of

the paintings are well-placed suiting the distance with its sizes, but some of it is rather too near

to be viewed. Overall, I agreed this always represent the best of modern gallery and it should be

as best example.

From my point of view, although light as important element I preferred nature light for

perfect scheme because light reaction can turn onto different character. Malaysian too obsesses

on the cultural issues especially in integrating the building such as museum that look

unwelcoming. Build some modern contemporary with some cultural touch most attracting people

to visit.

2.5 5th presenter: Noorhasline Bt Mohd Sholeh

Title: Teen Artist: Impact of a Contemporary Art MuseumAuthor: Mary EricksonJournal: Studies in Art Education: A journal of Issues and ResearchYear publishes:

2014

Keywords:Method: Pre and Post interviewsSample: 42 PostgraduateIssues: Contemporary art can escalate students thinking

All this titled was covered as much same as the 3rd article presented.

2.6 6th presenter: Nurul Ain Bt Mohd Ilias

Title: Art Galleries, Episodic Memory and Verbal Fluency in Dementia: An Exploratory Study

Author: Catherine Eekelaar, Paul M. Camic, Neil SpringhamJournal: Psychology of Aesthetic, Creativity, and the ArtsYear publishes:

2012, American Psychological Association, Vol. 6, No. 3, 262-272

8 | P a g e

Keywords: Aesthetics, content analysis, dementia, verbal fluency, episodic memory

Method: Mix method – qualitative and quantitativeSample:Issues: Art for difficulties

The article was about an art-based activities impact on people who have dementia. The

term dementia describes a variety of diseases characterized by cognitive difficulties (e.g.,

memory problems and difficulties with language, visuospatial function, and executive function)

as well as an overall decline in daily living skills (Knapp & Prince, 2007). There are an estimated

35 million people with dementia worldwide (Alzheimer’s Disease International, 2010). Data

showed an increase in the population, there would be a growing need to address in confronting

this issue. A study on art viewing and art making activities as a intervention. So this talk about

art viewing of paintings in a public art gallery might affect cognition on PWD then and art making

as a therapeutic events on PWD.

The researcher found that episodic memory could be enhanced through aesthetic

responses to visual art, although effects on verbal fluency. From their experimentation showed

improved of mood, confidence, and reduced isolation during the art gallery sessions.

Here we can conclude that art gallery based activities gives benefit and it has value on

improve health on people with impairments or difficulties. Art not only based on producing art

product, it also acts as therapy, intervention, enhances social skill and problem solving

especially for difficulties.

2.7 7th presenter: Nik Nurnabihan Bt Nik Anuar

Title: Living Concrete/Carrot City: An Exhibition Platform as A Growing Medium

Author: Nevin Cohen (The New School for Public Engagement)Radhika Subramaniam (Parsons The New School for Design)

Journal: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community DevelopmentYear publishes:

11 June 2012

9 | P a g e

Keywords: civic agriculture, exhibition platform, pedagogy, urban agricultureMethod: Quantitative -observedSample: The New School, the urban agriculture community in

New York, and the nascent field of food studiesIssues: How exhibition platform can connect the worlds with an art

Accordingly, the objectives of this research to explored the relationship between urban

agriculture and the city, and the roles of farmers and gardeners, designers, artists, activists,

academics and others in integrating food and agriculture into everyday city life. It promoted a

dialogue on the role of art and design in responding to the contemporary world. Provoked by

current environmental and social challenges, its curatorial agenda reflects and advances

creative research and pedagogic practices. It shows that gallery could be more than the sum of

its white walls, fostering for the university and beyond a creative and socially engaged aesthetic

practice. Media class live-streamed with the panels online, resulting in a viewership wider than

the gallery. The most simple and brilliant art in educates people for recycling in this article stated

picture on how wooden display units from fruit crate stylize the display based. This I can

conclude why the researcher carried out by the title of Carrot City.

Researcher found the flexible space to host lectures, readings, panels, classes, and

reflection place all made by the fruit case. The raw, lightweight, crate lookalike of the furniture

designed for it was mean to evoke a roll-your-sleeves-up, worker-like approach. Benches for

seating could transform easily into a temporary display table for models, or into a table for a live-

stream computer set-up and for taking notes. The exhibition was conceiving as a growing

medium, providing a series of rich, open-ended platforms for discussion and dialogue.

Attracted by the words of “platform for public pedagogy,” should not simply mimic a

classroom or lecture hall is the most simple and beauty inside this appearance.

For the conclusion, exhibitions and galleries with public outreach have the potential to

serve such self-organized pedagogies. Created an active space would attract a wide range of

10 | P a g e

urban agriculture innovators, pioneering environmentalists, educators, policy-makers, artists,

social justice advocates, public scholars, community gardeners, designers, and “foodies” in the

broadest sense, whose debate, and discussion would enliven the gallery.

Rather than that, from the forum I found the riches of ideas that can tolerate the art as

flexible to community. In other words, to create gallery environment much more friendly and not

too exclusive made public reluctant to enter. Some of the various ideas are the mobile art

gallery that will bring near public at anytime and anywhere. These absolute free from the various

gallery that placed in the crowd town, which cruel of traffic jams nowadays.

2.8 8th presenter: Siti Soraya Bt Ramli

Title: Visitors’ Experiences of the Art Gallery at a Teaching Hospital

Author: Yi- Wei Fang, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Fei-Peng Lee, Wei-Min LiuJournal: Journal of Experimental and Clinical MedicineYear publishes:

2012

Keywords: environmental aesthetics, hospital art exhibition, patient’s emotion, visitor’s survey

Method: 34 Questionnaire surveySample: 100 valid survey at targeted place of obstetrics & gynecologyIssues: Art is everywhere – daily life

Therapeutic value and giving comfort as a silent treatmentArt can educate people in non-formal way

This article investigated the emotional effect on the visitors after visited Taipei Med.

Univ. Hospital. Analyze satisfaction with and viewing behavior with regard to the exhibition by

using The Mehrabiane-Russell PAD scale. The scale showed displeasure, indicating whether

the environment makes one feel pleasure, and refers to the positive and negative characteristics

of an individual’s emotional state. Also, indicating whether the environmental stimuli make one

feel encouraged or bored, and refers to an individual’s neurophysiologic activation level. Some

scale represents dominance-submissiveness, indicating whether one feels controlled by

11 | P a g e

external environmental stimuli, leading to feelings of nervousness, or on the contrary feels at

ease controlling the environment, and refers to the control status related to scenarios and other

people.

I do like the phrases that are using to this purpose of research, “The purpose of art is

washing the dust of daily life off our souls” (Pablo Picasso) and “art is everywhere in daily life”.

This indicated how visual art helps people around.

DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

All of the statements had discussed and analyzed from the finding that stated in the

background of this review paper above.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

As general conclusion, all presenters showed a good article that promoted ideas in

placed art as education to the public. Although some of presenters impressed by their slide and

some of them are not, it covered by the forum and discussion thought Facebook forum and final

advice from our beloved lecturer Dr. Harrinni Binti Md. Noor, guided us to catch all the right

issues.

The perception from various type of community reflected of what should museums and

galleries characteristic are. Anyhow, research made us understand on any aspects that can

build the sources for Malaysian environment itself. I agreed the exhibition as a medium for the

presentation of art for various purposes by understanding current needs known as art issues.

In fact, according to those of discussion above, I recommend some of our galleries and

museums must well re-construct for community based. Such as tha need of disabilities and the

elders. Large space shows as non-purposive. Art can be everywhere, so maybe the display wall

12 | P a g e

of each boutique at the shopping mall can be an artwork exhibits. Electronic panel that placed

the pieces of artwork alike a CD box may some ideation for the elders. By that, we excused

them to walk in the large scale of gallery. At last, we Malaysian should practice the entire leisure

art exhibition in every space and in everywhere. Its will educate the entire scale of peoples.

According to Eliot Eisner, Stanford University, “Art offers a way of understanding oneself and it

enables connections between art and our own culture and the cultures of diverse peoples.”

Malaysian Art Education Philosophy also stated “Imagination is more important than knowledge”

shows how important that art can educate public.

Meanwhile, according to latest research by (Badrul Isa, 2015) about our National Visual

Art Gallery stated that, “Parts and Education Network NVADB still be proud of the planned

program well received each year. Transformation programs and new activities need financial

support..”

13 | P a g e

REFERENCES

Badrul Isa, S. S. (2015). Education programs in art galleries: the direction of the implementation of the National Visual Arts Gallery, Kuala Lumpur. In Z. Z. Badrul Isa (Ed.). ITBM.

Catherine Eekelaar, P. M. (2012 ). Art Galleries, Episodic Memory and Verbal Fluency in Dementia: An Exploratory Study. Psychology of Aesthetic, Creativity, and the Arts, 6(3), 262-272.

Erickson, M. (2014). Teen Artist: Impact of a Contemporary Art Museum. Studies in Art Education: A journal of Issues and Research.

Free De Backer, J. P. (2014). Adult Visitors In Museum Learning Environments.

Lu, L. (2013). 3D Virtual Worlds as Art Media and Exhibition Arenas: Students’ Responses and Challenges in Contemporary Art Education. National Art Education Association.

Marija Dragicevic, S. L. (2014). Should Museums and Art Galleries be just “for art’s Sake” or Should they suit the needs of tourists?

Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab, A. F. (2013). Human Visual Quality: Art gallery exhibition. AicQoL 2013, Langkawi.

Nevin Cohen, R. S. (2012, june 11). Living Concrete/Carrot City: An Exhibition Platform as A Growing Medium. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development.

Yi- Wei Fang, C.-H. W.-P.-M. (2012). Visitors’ Experiences of the Art Gallery at a Teaching Hospital. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine .

14 | P a g e

APPENDICES

(Nevin Cohen, 2012)

Living Concrete/Carrot City: An Exhibition Platform as A Growing Medium

(Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab, 2013)

Human Visual Quality: Art gallery exhibition

15 | P a g e