medico-ethno botanical survey programme - ccras

Chief EditorProf. Vaidya K. S. Dhiman

Director General, CCRAS, New Delhi.

EditorDr. N. Srikanth

Deputy Director General, CCRAS, New Delhi.

Associate EditorsDr. Anupam K. Mangal

Assistant Director (Pharmacognosy), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Dr. Shruti KhanduriResearch Officer (Ayu.), CCRAS, New Delhi.

AnthologyDr. Chinmay Rath, Research Officer (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Mrs. B. Susmitha, S.R.F. (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.Mr. Ashish Kumar Tripathi, S.R.F. (Botany), CCRAS, New Delhi.

Publisher:CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCESMinistry of AYUSH, Government of India

Jawaharlal Nehru Bharatiya Chikitsa Evam Homoeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. ‘D’ Block, Janakpuri,New Delhi - 110058.www.ccras.nic.in, E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright:© Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi

ISBN : 978-93-83864-18-8

Cover photo: Front: Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Kamala) Back: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Palash)

Designing and Secretarial SupportMd. Haroon Ansari, Office Assistant.

Field Investigators

Dr. G.C. JoshiEx. Research Officer (Bot.) RARI, Tarikhet

Dr. Rama ShankarResearch Officer (Bot.) RARI, Jhansi

Dr. R.K. MudaiyaResearch Officer (Bot.) RARI, Jhansi

Dr. Sugriv GaurResearch Officer (Bot.), MSRARIED, Jaipur

Dr. Usha KiranResearch Officer (Bot.) CCRAS, New Delhi

Dr. Rama RaoResearch Officer (Bot.) RARIMD, Bengaluru

Mr. Devanjal BoraResearch Officer (Bot.) RARIGID, Guwahati

Ms. Talat AnjumResearch Officer (Bot.), RARIUD, Jammu

Dr. Chinmay RathResearch Officer (Bot.), CCRAS, New Delhi

Dr. ShiddamallayaResearch Officer (Bot.), RARI, Itanagar

Dr. J.C. AryaResearch Officer (Bot.), RARI, Tarikhet

Late Dr. Wungsem RungsungResearch Officer (Bot.), HARC, Nagaland

Dr. Deepshika AryaResearch Officer (Bot.), RARIND, Mandi

Research SupportMs. N. Kavya, S.R.F (Ayu.) RARIMD, BengaluruMs. V. Kavya, J.R.F (Bot.) RARIMD, BengaluruMs. Gyati Anku, S.R.F (Bot.) RARI, ItanagarMr. Ravi Kumar, S.R.F RARI, TarikhetMr. Naveen Chand Pandey, S.R.F (Bot.) RARI, TarikhetMs. Nandani, Ph.D (Scholar), RARIMD, BengaluruMr. Prashant, Ph.D (Scholar), RARIMD, Bengaluru

PROLOGUE

India is one amongst such countries possessing diversified bio resources and

Eco climatic condition housing wide range of medicinal plants. Ethno Medical practices

and Local and Oral Health Traditions are prevailing among the ethnic groups and tribal

population catering the Local Health needs of remote tribal pockets.

Documentation of such undocumented Local and Oral Health Traditions and Ethno

Medical Practices (EMPs) are pivotal for preservation of medicinal hepatize of any country.

To realize this CCRAS has been engaged in documenting and validating Ethno medicinal

claims through Tribal Health Care Research Programme (THCRP), Medico-Ethno Botanical

Survey (MEBS) across 14 states (including 5 States) of the country and publishing the

research papers and monographs from time to time.

Currently Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey is being executed in a project mode

in 5 states through CCRAS Institutes viz RARIMD, Bengaluru (Karnataka), RARIGID,

Guwahati (Assam), RARI, Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh), RARI, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh),

RARI, Tarikhet (Uttrakhand).

Exhaustive work has resulted in Screening of Ethno Medical claims and their

validation. Further, Central Digitization of Herbarium is being setup at RARI, Jhansi and

Sanctioning of National Raw Drug repository which is in the Phase of funding by National

Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB).

This concise and comprehensive compendium being presented embodied with

highlights of recent contributions in this field by CCRAS. This would serve as a ready

reference document for Scientist, Academicians, Scholars perusing PG and Doctoral

Research.

1

The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (Formerly Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha established on 30th March, 1978 and reconstituted with present name on 11th April, 2011) is an autonomous body under Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India.

It is an apex organization for undertaking, coordinating, formulating, developing and promoting research in Ayurvedic sciences on scientific lines.

Core Research activities comprise of Medicinal Plant Research (Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey (MEBS), Pharmacognosy and Invitro-propagation technique), Drug Standardization, Pharmacological Research, Clinical Research, Literary Research & Documentation and Tribal Health Care Research Programme (THCRP).

Research activities are carried out through its 30 peripheral Institutes located across the country and also in collaboration with various Universities, Hospitals and Institutes.

Vision & MissionMedicinal Plants play an important role in Drug Development, as these are the source of

majority of ingredients in Ayurvedic as well as Modern medicine. For successful and effective development of a drug, the basic requirement is the correct identification of the source of biologically active compound, its availability and processing. It is important to understand the medicinal plant diversity of our country, their distribution, propagation methods to frame strategies for their sustainable utilization. The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences is an apex body in India for the formulation, co-ordination, development and promotion of research on scientific lines in Ayurveda through a planned research programme that includes Medico Ethno Botanical Research.

Core Objectives1. To access the distribution and availability of medicinal plant species in different

phyto-geographic reason across the country.

2. Collection of specimens during the survey tours acts as the reference materials for description and characterization of raw drugs and their botanical source to avoid adulteration and substitution.

3. Morphological characterization of Medicinal Plants for their correct identification.

4. Collection of Folk-Medicinal claims and information on local health tradition (LHT) from the area visited during the tours provide the lead for validation and effective development of drugs based on traditional knowledge and not from any codified system of medicine.

5. Identification of plants or plant parts associated with the Folk-Claims and their preservation in the form of Herbarium.

6. Development of regional Herbarium and Museum for reference purpose.

Chapter-1. Introduction

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Guide Lines/ MethodologyIn order to document the utilization of indigenous Medicinal Plants, survey was carried

out during the years, 2012-2017. The information on medicinal uses of the indigenous plants have been described after gathering information’s from experienced rural folk, traditional herbal medicine practitioners who were having knowledge of traditional healing practices. Medico-Ethno Botanical Surveys were conducted by various survey units of CCRAS located at RARIGID Guwahati, RARI Itanagar, RARI Jhansi, RARIMD Bangalore and RARI Tarikhet in various parts of India (Fig. 2). A brief group discussion was made with the informants in their local language, prior to folklore data collection to get their consent and explain to them that their valuable contribution to the documentation of the traditional plant used by them. By using standard Local Heath tradition format (LHT) which includes interview and questionnaire which was used to explore the information from their source persons using this standard method. Information on local name of the plant, plant parts used for curing disease, their recipes and mode of administration were recorded for future reference study. Expert opinion of plant taxonomists was also sought for cross checking and confirmation on identity.

Through this Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey Programme during the period 2012-2017, the council has surveyed every part of phyto-geographic region across the country including the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep. Conducted 98 survey tours, covered more than 38 Forest areas across the country and collected more than 40, 000 (Approximately) Medicinal Plants, collected more than 1100 (Approximately) folk claims, preserved 424 (Approximately) Museum samples and documented more than 15,000 (Approximately) Herbarium sheets.

The Council is having Herbarium and Museum containing samples of Medicinal Plants and crude drugs at most of its peripheral Institutes. Herbariums at four Institutes have got International recognition as these are accredited with acronyms by the New York Botanical Garden, USA.

● Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Tarikhet – ‘RKT’ ● Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi – ‘JHS’ ● Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, Bangalore – ‘RRCBI’ ● Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Itanagar – ‘ARRI’

Standard Survey Methodology for Survey of Medicinal Plants

Belt Transacts MethodOne of the popular methods for survey of plants is Belt Transact Method. Because this

is suitable in forests where there are different vegetation pattern is observed. In this method, generally survey team will walk straight from a randomly selected point in the forest up to 2-3 km (approximate) or there is no scope of new species encounter in transect. Sampling (recording individual plant details in filed note books as well as collection of two Herbarium specimens, preferably flowering or fruiting twigs) of Medicinal Plants is done within 5 m width along the line. Documentation in the form of photographs of various plants parts also done during the survey. (This method of sampling is used in Karnataka state forests, because most of the forest areas having different terrain with vegetation difference). Sometimes direction of the transect may change, depending up on the vegetation pattern or topography of the area. Belt transects are laid in such a way so that to cover different forest vegetation such as Ravine forest, Hill forest, Shola forests, Plain forest, Wet land forest, etc. in a particular forest area. Because transect is continuous through the study area, it can be applied in studying the gradual and continuous changes in the vegetation. The belt transect method is used to estimate abundance, frequency and distribution of species in the community. Generally the survey should be conducted in natural forest areas not in Plantation sites and manmade forests. for study of Medicinal Plants. (Fig. 1)

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Fig. 1 : Belt Transect (2-3 km or till new species are not encountered)

Other Plant Sampling Methods1. Quadrant

It is another Plant Sampling Method and more suitable in plant areas with uniform vegetation pattern. Quadrant is a square sample or unit for a detailed analysis of vegetation. Quadrants of one-fifth acre size established to include maximum number of tree, while for studying shrubs and grass covers usually the quadrants of smaller sizes are used.

2. Loop MethodThis is a simple, accurate and quick method for sampling of only grassland and low

herbaceous communities.

3. Pointless or Point Method This also suitable in the study of grassland low herbaceous communities.

Sample LHT FormatDuring the survey tours the folk claims are being identified by the Ayurvedic Physician

and diagnoses the disease condition while collecting information on folk-claims. This helps in identification of a particular part in certain ailment and documentation of all the claims recorded during a survey tour. Also, the Ayurvedic Physician use to check if the information collected in the folk-claims are mentioned in any codified text or not. Local people including the ‘Hakims’ or ‘Vaidya’ or ‘Medicine men’ are interviewed with a questionnaire and information regarding the local use of the plants are noted with the help of LHT format

Central Council For Research In Ayurvedic SciencesMinistry of AYUSH

Format for Documentation of Local Health Traditions(by AYUSH Research Councils/individuals/NGOs etc.)

1. Title of Proposal/Project: _________________________________________________2. Name and complete address of the Organization: 3. Whether Related to:

AyurvedaUnaniHomoeopathySiddhaYoga & Naturopathy

4. To be submitted to the Research Councils

CCRASCCRUMCCRHCCRSCCRYN

5 m

4

5. Objectives Covered:

1. Home Remedies2. Food and Nutrition3. Midwifery4. Bone setting5. Other specialized local health practices6. Ethno veterinary Practices

6. Duration of the project:7. Year wise objectives and deliverables:8. Area/No. of blocks and districts covered:9. Whether the drug or the formulation/ procedure has been mentioned for the same

reference in literature:

Name of the system Yes No Validation categoryAyurveda V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Unani V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Homoeopathy V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Siddha V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6Yoga & Naturopathy - - - - - -⁂ If yes then tick the appropriate validation category as per guidelines (Annexure–I)

10. Whether the information is to be submitted: A. Drug wiseB. Procedures

Please tick (√) in appropriate box

A. DETAILS OF DRUGi. Whether single/compound formulation: Single Compound ii. Information on single drug

a) Origin (√ Appropriate) Plant origin √ Animal origin Mineral/Metal origin Others

b) Local/Regional namec) Sanskrit name (If available)d) Hindi name (If available)e) Urdu name (If available)f) Tamil name (If available)g) English name

h) Botanical/Zoological /Chemical namei) Part/parts usedj) Period of collection of plantk) Storage condition (if any)l) Photograph of the raw drugm) Photograph of the final productn) Specimen of raw drugo) Specimen of final produp) Videography of method of

preparation if available

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iii. Information on compound formulation

a) Name of the formulation

b) Form of formulation

c) Method of preparation in detail including the no. and proportion of ingredients

d) Videography of method of preparation if available

e) Photograph of the raw drug

f) Photograph of the final product

g) Specimen of raw drug

h) Specimen of final product

i) Details of ingredients

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iv. Disease/ indicated condition

● Disease as mentioned by Healer ● Possible correlation with codified system ● Method of Diagnosis

� Symptom � Observation � History � Pulse examination � Modern parameters � Others

v. Mode of administration

● Route of administration (Oral/ local/ others etc.)

● Dose ● Duration ● Vehicle (if any)

vi. a) Dietary regimen during the treatment- b) Lifestyle regimen during the treatmentvii. a) Concurrent medicine (if any) taken during treatment. b) Concurrent procedure (if any) during treatmentviii. Contra indication of the medicine (if any)

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ix. Detail of Knowledge Provider

No. of Knowledge provider/introducerName & Photo Address Age Sex Occupation Education Qualification

x. Detail of Local Health Practitioner

No. of Local Health Practitioners using themedicine

Name & Photo Address Age Sex Occupation Education Qualification

Average Number of Patients of the disease treated in a yearDetails of Investigations before and after Treatment if anyResults of Treatment

B. Information on Procedures (Bones setting/Midwifery/Ethno-veterinary)

i. Disease/ indicated condition• Disease as mentioned by Healer• Possible correlation with codified system• Method of Diagnosis

� Symptom � Observation � History � Pulse examination � Modern parameters � Others

ii. Whether the patients referred from otherpractitioners etc. for the same procedure

iii. Aids/ Tools usediv. Description of the procedure/Techniquev. Care during procedurevi. Pre procedure precautions/ care if anyvii. Post Procedure Careviii. List of Medicines used in the processix. Outcome of the procedurex. Video/ photograph if any – List here and provide

CD in a universally open able format

xi. Detail of Knowledge Provider

No. of Knowledge provider/introducerName & Photo Address Age Sex Occupation Education Qualification

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xii. Detail of Local Health Practitioner

No. of Local Health Practitioners using the medicineName & Photo Address Age Sex Occupation Education Qualification

Average Number of Patients of the disease treated in ayearDetails of Investigations before and after Treatment if anyResults of TreatmentAny other information

S.No. Name and designation of the team members Signature(S)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Annexure-I

Validation methodology: Ayurveda

Sl. No.

Categories of References Reference Materials Validation category

Classical literature and recent compilations from classical texts

1. API*, AFI**

2. Ayurveda principles

3. Dravyaguna Vijnan by P.V. Sharma

V1

V2

V3

Published literature listing home remedies

4. Handbook of Domestic Remedies

5. Tribal Folk Remedies published by CCRAS (documented but not yet verified)

V4

V5

Outside the above literature and non-classical proprietary medinines

6. Other than the above references /Ayurveda line

V6

* API = The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-I- (Volume 1-IX) is a collection of plant origin single monographs (standards for Identity, Purity and strength) used in Ayurvedic formulations. API Part-II (Volume-I-IV) is a collection of Pharmacopoeial standards for formulations used in Ayurveda.

** AFI = Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part I-III is a collection of 986 classical Ayurvedic Compound and single drug formulae covering plant, mineral and animal origin drugs.

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A View of Field Investigators involved in Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey.

RARIGID, Guwahati

RARI, Itanagar

RARI, Jhansi

RARIMD, Bengalore RARI, Tarikhet

RARI, Tarikhet

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LOCATION OF MAP SHOWING VARIOUS MEDICO-ETHNO BOTANICAL SURVEY UNITS OF CCRAS

Fig. 2

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Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey Programme has played a pivotal role in the Medicinal Plant Research Programme of the Council. The survey work has greatly helped in the assessment of Medico-Ethno Botanical prospective of the country. The survey units extend all over the country with capacity to work at different climatic and altitudinal levels. They have extended their work from Alpine Himalayan Ranges to the Coastal Areas and also penetrating into the Arid Zones of the country to achieve their objective and quantitative evaluation of the herbal wealth of the different geographical areas. It is a well known fact that Drugs (Dravyas) play an important position in the entire research programme. Hence it is of prime significance to explore the medicinal flora of our country in the past. The council has established several survey units in different areas of the country extending from Jammu to Trivandrum and Itanagar to Junagadh.Apart from the regular survey tours the council has also conducted special Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey Programme in the forest and tribal areas including Ladakh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands etc,. The visits of different areas shall also be extensively useful to introduce social forestry in the country in an effective manner by way of preservation of the herbal wealth by adopting the right methods of collection, rotation of collection and introduction of the plants in the areas of extinction. The units have also been providing clues and materials for identification of drugs which are mention in Ayurvedic literature but the botanical identification was previously not clear /unknown. The survey units also reported the occurrence of some important and rare Medicinal Plant species in their respective territories. Besides the survey tours the survey units have also initiated the market survey of drugs and this has been helpful in the identification if adulterated and substituted drugs.

The main contribution of CCRAS in the field of Medico-Ethno Botanical Studies is to access the distribution and availability of medicinal plant species in India. The collected specimens during the survey tours form the reference materials for description and characterization of raw drugs and their botanical source to avoid adulteration and substitution. Morphological characterization of Medicinal Plants for their correct identification. Collection of Folk-Medicinal claims and information on local health tradition from the area visited during the tours provide the lead for validation and effective development of drugs based on traditional knowledge and not from any codified system of medicine. Identification of plants or plant parts associated with the Folk-Medicinal claim and their preservation in Herbarium or Museum. Development of regional Herbarium and Museum for reference purpose. Collection and supply of raw drugs as per demand for R & D work.

Core Areas of ResearchMedico–Ethno Botanical Survey (MEBS) was initiated by the Central Council for Research

in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) in 1969 with the main aim of Survey and Documentation of Medicinal Plants of India used in Ayurveda system of medicine. Through its five peripheral institutes, namely Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders (RARIMD) Bengaluru, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Gastro-Intestinal Disorders (RARIGID) Guwahati, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI) Itanagar, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, RARI-Jhansi, and Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, RARI Ranikhet.

Chapter-2 Observations and Physical Achievements

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Facilities Available in Peripheral SMPU’S to Conduct Medicinal Plant Research1. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute of Metabolic Disorders (RARIMD),

BangaloreSurvey of Medicinal Plant Unit (SMPU) of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute of

Metabolic Disorders, Bengaluru under the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India was established in 1971 in Mysore and was later shifted to Bengaluru.

The SMPU is actively engaged in conducting Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey in forest divisions of Karnataka State. Special tours have also been conducted in Nilgiri Hills (Ooty), Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This Unit is having good collection of Herbarium specimens from various parts of Karnataka state (31956 specimens), Andhra Pradesh (8500 specimens), Madhya Pradesh (623 specimens), Orissa (82 specimens) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1436 specimens). About 766 Museum samples (plant, mineral & animal origin) from different corners of Southern India are exhibited for demonstration purpose.

Having large number of Herbarium and Museum specimens, SMP Unit Herbarium was internationally recognized as ‘Index Herbarium’ by the New York Botanical Garden and accredited with Herbarium code ‘RRCBI’ (Regional Research Centre Bangalore India).

This unit has been organized for short term training programmes on Collection, Identification, Herbarium preparation of Medicinal Plants for Graduate and Post-Graduate students. This unit is also rendering technical support in Identification and Authentication of plant material (Fresh/Crude drugs) for Academic and Research Scholars across India.

Major Areas under Survey Covered by the SMPU

• Karnataka (Chickmangaluru, Mysore, Chamarajnagar, Shimoga, Tumkur, Coorg, Kolar, North Canara, Bangalore rural, Belgaum South Canara, Hassan, Mandya, Dharawad, Chikkaballapur, Chitradurga, Udipi, Davanagere, Haveri, Koppal, Gadag, Bellary, Bagalkot, Raichur and Vijayapura forest divisions).

• TamilNadu (Nilagiris – South and North divisions)

• Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Little Andaman, Car Nicobar, Upper Kutchal, Kuppinga, Trinket Island, Nan cowry Island, Campbell Bay, South Bay, Hut Bay, West Bay).

Present Status of Herbarium Sheets.Sl. No. Place of Collection Number of Herbarium

1. Karnataka 31956 specimens2. Andhra Pradesh 8500 specimens3. Madhya Pradesh 623 specimens4. Orissa 82 specimens5. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1436 specimens

Present Status of Museum Samples.Sl. No. Origin Number of Museum Samples

1. Plant origin 744 samples2. Mineral origin 20 samples3. Animal origin 02 samples

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ImportantMedicinalPlantsAvailable(intheofficepremises)forDemonstrationDuring survey tours, some rare and interesting Medicinal Plants have been collected

and maintained in the office premises for Demonstration. The following are few important Medicinal Plants summarised as under

Sl. No. Sanskrit Name Botanical Name

1. Bilwa Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.

2. Shatavari Asparagus racemosus Willd.

3. Danti Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell-Arg.

4. Krishna Sariva Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn.

5. Kokum Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy

6. Gambhari Gmelina arborea Roxb.

7. Kampillaki Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg.

8. Ghanera Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J.Graham) Mabb.

9. Amlaki Phyllanthus emblica L.

10. Pippali Piper longum L.

11. Chandan Santalum album L.

12. Ashoka Saraca asoka (Roxb) De.Wilde

13. Arjun Terminalia arjuna Wt. & Arn.

14. Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers

15. Nirgundi Vitex negundo L.

Achievements and Outcome

Monographs:1. Nilgiris 2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Books: 1. Flora of Chikmangalur district - S. N. Yoganarasimhan 2. Flora of Coorg district - K. R. K. Murthy & S. N. Yoganarasimhan 3. Medicinal Plants of India - Vol.1 (Karnataka) - S. N. Yoganarasimhan 4. Medicinal Plants of India - Vol. 2 (Tamil Nadu) - S. N. Yoganarasimhan 5. Medicinal Plants of Karnataka - K. R. Keshava Murthy

Research Papers

More than 31 Research Papers related to Medico-Botanical Survey, Plant Taxonomy, Pharmacognosy, Ethno-Botany, Drug Research have been published.

Details of Hitherto New Plant Reports for Indian Flora

Extensive field explorations resulted in finding10 new species to plant kingdom. The research findings were published in book form like Flora of Chikmangalur, Flora of Coorg, Medicinal Plants of Karnataka, Medicinal Plants of Tamil Nadu (Volume 1 & 2) and Monograph of Tribal Pockets of Nilgiris (Ooty) and details follows as under.

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Sl.No.

Botanical name & Family Place of report Reference

1 Marsdenia raziana Yog. (Asclepiadaceae)

Chikmangalur dist.

Holotype-1448, isotype-1448 A-B Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Vol. 83B, No. 4, 1976, pp. 147-149

2 Oldenlandia nudicaulis Yog.(Rubiaceae)

Chikmangalur dist.

J. Res. Ind. Med. Yoga & Homoeo, 1987 Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 87-88

3 Utricularia sampathii Subr. & Yogan. (Lentibulariaceae)

Bangalore Cuur. Sci. 1982, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 902-904

4 Chilocarpus sunainianus Yog. (Apocynaceae)

Andaman & Nicobar

Holotype-602, isotype-602 ACurr. Sci., 1982, Vol 51, No. 18, pp. 902-903

5 Ilex tadiandamolense Keshav. et Yog. (Aquifoliaceae)

Kodagu dist. Holotype-3711 A, iso type-3711 B-CCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No. 6, pp. 270-271

6 Litsea lakshmammaniana Keshav. et Yog. (Lauraceae)

Kodagu dist Holotype-4414 A, isotype-4414 BCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No. 8, pp. 371

7 Garcinia darwiniana Keshav. et Yog.(Clusiaceae)

Kodagu dist Holotype-4828A, iso type-4828 B-CCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No. 9, pp. 425-426

8 Baliospermum raziana Keshav. et Yog. (Euphorbiaceae)

Kodagu dist Holotype-4281 A, isotype-4281 B-CCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No.10, pp. 486

9 Hopea ponga Mabb. var. cauveriana Kehav. et Yog.(Dipterocarpaceae)

Kodagu dist Holotype-4818A, iso type-4818 B-CCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No. 11, pp. 544-545

10 Oberonia ranganniana Keshav. et Yog.(Orchidaceae)

Kodagu dist. Holo type-4233A, iso type-4233 B-DCurr. Sci., 1987, Vol 56, No. 12, pp. 621-622

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Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Crude drugs preserved in Museum at RARIMD, Bengaluru

RARIMD, Bengaluru

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2. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), JhansiSurvey of Medicinal Plants being the boon of the Institute. It is in function since inception

of the Institute for the exploration of Medicinal Wealth of Bundelkhand and Uttar Pradesh as a whole and collection, providing authenticated Crude Raw Drugs to the drug standardization Units of the Council and Ministry as a whole. The unit has explored the medicinal plant wealth initially in Uttar Pradesh and extended its activities in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgadh and Rajasthan. During exploration, collection of Medicinal Plants, preparation of Herbarium vouchers, collection of Museum samples, Crude drug samples for Drug Standardization units of the Council as well as Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India and Folklore use of Medicinal Plants for the cure of ailments are taken in consideration along with population studies of Medicinal Plants in field.

Major Areas under Survey Covered by the SMPU • Uttar Pradesh, (forest areas of Bundelkhand i.e. Lalitpur, Banda, Chitrakoot, Aligarh,

Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Mahrajganj, Balrampur, Gonda, Shiddharthanagar, Sant Kabir Nagar, Ambedakarnagar, Deoria forest divisions).

• Madhya Pradesh (Satna, Dindori, Rewa and Sidhi forest divisions, in Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur, Sarguja, Dharamjaygarh, Raipur, Durg, Balod Rajgarh divisions).

• Rajasthan (Ajmer, Bharatpur, Alwar, Ranthambore, Sawaimadhopur, Saroi, Jaipur, Banswara, Karauli and Barmer divisions etc. were surveyed).

Present Status of Herbarium Sheets Available23967 specimens

Present Status of Museum Samples Available

Plant origin - 690 Animal origin - 04Mineral origin - 16

Important Medicinal Plants Available in the Demonstrative Garden are

During survey tours, some rare and interesting Medicinal Plants have been collected and maintained in the office premises for demonstration. The following are few important Medicinal Plants summarised as under.


1. Gunja Abrus precatorius L.

2. Ulat Kambala Abroma augusta L.

3. Atibala Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet

4. Bilwa Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

5. Matsykshi Alternanthera sessilis DC.

6. - Argyreia serica Dalzell & Gibson

7. Danti Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg.

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8. Daruk haridra Berberis aristata DC.

9. Avartaki Cassia auriculata L.

10. - Chlorophytum tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker

11. - Melastoma malabathricum L.

12. Parijath Nyctanthes arbortristis L

13. Katuk Pandanus odoratissimus L. f.

14. Sarpagandha Bedh Rauvolfia tetraphylla (L.) Benth. Ex. Kurz.

15. Mokshak Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.

16. Shal Shorea robusta Gaertn.f.

17. Bhumiseh Tectona grandis L.f.

18. Vibhitak Terminalia bellirica Roxb.

19. Masyang Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi

20. Hemjivanti Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf.

21. Aarthghal Xanthium strumarium L.

22. - Zamia furfur L.f. ex Aiton

23. Mahabarivarch Zingiber zerumbet Rosc. ex Sm.


Research Papers


This unit has been organized Herbarium consultation and authentication of Herbarium samples plants for graduate and Post-Graduate students. This unit is also rendering technical support in Identification and Authentication of plant material (Fresh/Crude drugs) for Academic and Research Scholars across India. Visit of Medicinal Plants Garden for students. Transfer of cultivation technique to farmers. Training on cultivation of Medicinal Plants. And also Training to Traditional healers for updating their Herbal Knowledge. Developing village Botanists team for protection and conservation of Medicinal Plants in the forest and village areas.

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Central Herbarium Repository along with Compactors

RARI, Jhansi

Casearia tomentosa Roxb.

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3. Regional Research Ayurveda Research Institute for Gastro-Intestinal Disorders (RARIGID), Guwahathi

The Survey of Medicinal Plant Unit was established in Guwahati (Assam) working since May 1971 with a major objective of Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey along with development of Herbarium, Museum and Botanical garden for demonstration purpose. Since then the survey unit has surveyed many Rural and Tribal pockets of all the seven states of North East India. More than 6500 Herbarium accessions are collected along with about 400 Museum samples during Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey conducted to Collect and Document Folk-Medico Claims from the Folk Healers. Many publications and technical reports were resulted from these surveys covering entire north Eastern Region of India along with collection of photographs of Medicinal Plants in their wild habitat. Collection and supply of genuine raw drug material has been one of the primary objectives of this unit since establishment to different scientific community in India for research purpose.

Major Areas under Survey Covered by the SMPU ● Arunachal Pradesh (Forest divisions of Bomdila, Tawang, Likabali, Hapoli,

Nampong along with Kameng and Tirap district).

● Meghalaya (Forest divisions of Khasi Hills, Garo Hills and Jayantia Hills).

● Manipur (Forest divisions of East Ukhrul, Central Div, Senapati, Bishnupur, Thoubal, West Imphal, East Imphal).

● Mizoram (Forest division of Kolashib).

● Tripura (Forest divisions of Sadar, Teliamura, Kailashahar, Kanchanpur, Manu, Ambasa, Udaipur, Bagafa and Gumti).

● Assam (Forest divisions including Kamrup (North, East, South), Jorhat, Sibsagar, Nagaon, Dhubri, Darrang, Digboi, Lakhimpur, Goalpara and N.C. Hills).

Present Status of Herbarium Sheets Available

At present the Herbarium of the Institute is having 6521 nos. of Herbarium sheets covering about 1200 medicinal plant species collected from various regions of North East India and Bihar which is growing in recent time.


At present the Museum of the Institute is having about 400 nos. of Museum specimens of various parts of raw drugs used both in Ayurveda and folk medicine collected from different tribal pockets and markets of North East India.

Important Medicinal Plants Available in Demonstrative Garden

The Institute is having a very small Demonstrative Botanical Garden within the premise which is having more than 100 medicinal plant species including annuals and perennials for demonstration are summarised as under.

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1. Vacha Acorus calamus L.

2. Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees

3. Karnasphota Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

4. Mandukparni Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

5. Asthishrinkla Cissus quadrangularis L.

6. Kebut Costus speciosus (J.Koenig) Sm.

7. Amlaki Emblica officinalis Gaertn.

8. Kutaj Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roth) Wall. ex A.DC.

9. Madyentka Lawsonia inermis L.

10. Bakul Mimusops elengi L.

11. Parijata Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

12. Shyonaka Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

13. Bhumyamlaki Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster

14. Putrajivaka Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.

15. Sarpagandha Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

16. Erand Ricinus communis L.

17. Ashoka Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd.

18. Arjuna Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

19. Vibhitak Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

20. Haritakibhed Terminalia citrina Roxb. ex Fleming


Research Papers


This institute provides consultancy services related to Medicinal Plants (specially related to Medico-Ehno Botanical Survey) for various govt. or other agencies; training to Students/Researchers/General public etc. for Ex-Situ conservation, Identification, Herbarium preparation and data mining on Medico-Ethno Botanical data of North East India etc. may be provided with systematic approach.

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Herbarium

Museum samples Miliusa velutina (A.DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson

RARIGID, Guwahati

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4. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), Tarikhet

The Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), Tarikhet is a premier Institute for Research on Medicinal Plants of North-West Himalayan Region of India. The Institute was set up as a grant-in-aid unit for survey of Medicinal Plants of the Himalayan region of the then Uttar Pradesh in the year 1964. The total land of the premises is 0.602 hectare and situated in between 29036.877’N and 790-24.277’E at an elevation of 5506 feet, and the ownership is with the department. The Institutes has a well developed Herbarium and Museum with Acroynm “RKT”. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey on Medicinal Plants of North-West region of Himalaya. Every year four Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey tours are being conducted in each quarter respectively as per the annual action plan assigned by council for the assessment of the distribution and availability of Medicinal Plants of particular areas. As per the demand of different project running in the councils (Pharmacological research work, Quality standards, Pharmacopoeial monograph etc), short duration tour of Submontane, Montane, Sivalik forest areas of Uttarakhand were conducted periodically to collect the authentic raw drug samples as per the requirement. Two Demonstrative Herbal Gardens are maintained by the Institute one at Ranikhet, Distt. Almora and another at Chamma, Distt. New Tehri. Cultivation of medicinal plant at Ranikhet was started in 1964; the net area under cultivation is 2.5 acre. The land is on rent basis. Total 157 Medicinal Plants including RET species are maintained in the garden for demonstrative purpose as well as to supply authentic curde drug as per requirement of different projects running in the Council.


● Uttarakhand (The SMPU unit of RARI (CCRAS) have been explored 42 forest divisions covering approx 54,000 Km sq. area accounting to about 25% of Western-Himalaya from Tarai-Bhabar to Alpine Zones of North–West Himalayan region of Uttarakhand).

Present Status of Herbarium Sheets Available

Institute Herbarium is big repository of 62935 Herbarium sheets belonging 218 families, 1410 genera and 3670 species of Angiosperm, Gymnosperm and Pteridopytes representing North West part of Himalaya (Uttarakhand, Himanchal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh).


624 authentic samples of Medicinal Plants part, mineral origin are being maintained in the Institute’s Museum.


Two Demonstrative Herbal Gardens are maintained by the Institute one at Ranikhet, Distt. Almora and another at Chamma, Distt. New Tehri. Cultivation of Medicinal Plant at Ranikhet was started in 1964; the net area under cultivation is 2.5 acre. The land is on rent basis. Total 157 Medicinal Plants including RARE, ENDAGERED & THRETEND (RET) species are maintained in the garden for demonstrative purpose. At Chamma the net area under cultivation is one acre and total 68 plants are maintained in Chamma Garden. Some important Medicinal Plants are summarised as under.

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1. Chirayata Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karsten.

2. Giriparta Podophyllum haxandrum Royle.

3. Joytismati Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

4. Jivak Microstylis wallichii Royle.

5. Manduparni Taxus wallichiana Zucc.

6. Parsik Vacha Paris polyphylla Smith.

7. Daruharidra Berberis aristata DC.

8. Mahadeda Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle.

9. Meda Polygonatum verticilatum Royle.

10. Pashanbhed Berginia ciliata Strng.

11. Bharangi Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon.

12. Shyonaka Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent.


14. Kustha Sousurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.

15. Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia L.

Achievements and OutcomePublication

● From the information gathered since 1964 on Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey a book Entitled “Herbal Wealth of Uttarakhand” was compiled by the Institute and have been published in 2 vols. (Vol-I, 2014, Vol-II-2015) by council. It is a great contribution of Survey of Medicinal Plants of Uttarakhand.

Research Papers


● Identified many Shilajeet bearing spots in Uttarakhand.

● New records made on occurrence of Indian Ginseng (Panax pseudogenseg Wall) and an orchid (Diplomeris hirsute Lindl.) from Western–Himalaya.

● Plants like Wallichia densiflora Mart and Phrynium placentrium Nees, considered diminished from about a century have been noticed and collected.

● Apart from the survey the Institute is able to impart Training on Medicinal Plants Identification; Conservation and the role of Medicinal Plants in ISM to School Going Children, Students, Research Scholars, Farmers, NGO volunteers, Foresters and Administrators of different Ministries Trainees.

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Museum

Herbarium

RARI, Ranikhet

Adhatoda zeylanica Medik.

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5. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), ItanagarThe Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, was established

in the year 1979 Under the programme of survey of Medicinal Plants exploration of different districts of Arunachal Pradesh namely Tawang, West Kameng, East Kameng, Papumpare, Lower Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, Kurungkumey, East, West and Upper Siang, Lower Dibang Valley, Dibang Valley, Lohit, Anjaw, Changlang and Tirap have been completed. During the course of survey 24 Forest Divisions and their 52 Ranges in Arunachal Pradesh were explored for which 6473 plants specimens were collected and two special survey tours of Mizoram covering Kolasib, Aizawl, Champhai, Lunglei and Mamit districts, one survey tour in Nagaland covering Mokokchung, Kohima Phek, Wokha districts and one in Assam covering North Lakhimpur and Dhemaji districts, Darjeeling Forest Division/District of West Bengal and Namchi Forest Division in Sikkim, five survey tours in Meghalaya covering Shillong, Tura, William Nagar, Baghmara and Jawai Forest Divisions in East Khasi, West Garo, East Garo, South Garo and Jayantiya Districts and one tour in Manipur covering East Imphal, West Imphal, Senapati and Thoubal forest divisions have been conducted. Medicinal Garden is developed in about 15 acres land introducing more than 200 Medicinal Plants.


Arunachal Pradesh (Itanagar, Chimpu, Banderdewa, Balijan, Doimukh, Chessa, Kimin, Phulbani, Sagalee in Bandardewa Forest Division of Papum Pare District Yazali, Ziro, Damin, Palin, in Hapoli Forest Division of Lower Subansiri District, Khonsa and Deomali ranges of respective Forest Division of Tirap District, Tawang Forest Division and it’s Ranges of Tawang District, Deomali, Dirang Forest Renges in Deomali Forest Division, Sessa, Tipti and Bhalukpong in Khellang Forest Division, Rupa, Shergaon and Kalaktang in Shergoan Forest Division of West Kameng District Pasighat and Along Ranges of respective Forest Division of West Siang District, Roing, Dambuk and Hunli Ranges in Roing Forest Division of Lower Dibang Valley District, Anini Forest Ranges in Anini Forest Division in Divang Vally District, Sejusa, Seppa and Chaiangtajo Ranges of East Kameng District, Namsai, Mahadevpur, Kamala Nagar, Wakro, Chowkham, Ranges in Namsai Forest Division, Tezu, Lohit, Sunpura and Demwe Ranges in Lohit Forest Division of Lohit District, Duporija, Maro and Talia ranges in Duporija Forest Division of Upper Subansiri District, Yingkiong and Karko Ranges of Yingkiong Forest Division of Upper Siang District, Nampang, Namphai Ranges in Nampong Forest Division and Changlang Ranges of Changlang Forest Division of Changlang District. Re-exploration of adjoining areas of Itanagar, Chimpu, Kheel in Papum Pare District, Yajali, Ziro, Palin, Deed in Hapoli Forest Division, Pasighat and Along Forest Division and Lohit and Namsai Forest Division in Lohit District, Kamlang, Hawai, Hayuliyang, Wallong areas of Anjaw district, Koloriang, Sangram, Nyaping, Sarli areas of Kurungkumey district, these are some of the major areas have been explored by this Institute).

Special surveys were conducted in Different states like ● Mizoram- Aizawal, Champhai, Serchhip, Lunglei and Kolasib Forest divisions with

their ranges in Mizoram. ● Nagaland- Dimapur, Mokokchung, Kohima, Zunheboto, Tuensang and Wokha

forest divisions. Dimapur, Kohima and Mokokchung of Nagaland, were surveyed ● Sikkim- Namchi Forest Division in Sikkim, Gangtok, Namchi, Gyalseng of Sikkim. ● Assam- Dhemaji and North Lakhimpur pur forest divisions in Assam ● Meghalaya- Shillong, Tura, WilliamNagar and Jowai forest divisions and their

ranges in Meghalaya and East Imphal, West Imphal, Patharkhmah in Ri-Bhoi

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district in Khasi hills of Meghalaya and nearby village areas like Umsaw, Umkadhor, Nongdom, Nongrim, Barigaon, Umkynsier, Nongdom etc. Jirang in Ri-Bhoi district in Khasi hills of Meghalaya and nearby village areas like Jirang market, Centre village, East and West Imphal districts Ukhrul, Senapati and Tamenglong forest division and their ranges in Imphal, Mynnar Jirang, New Jirang, Umlakro, Umsohpanan, Iew sohksang, Paham, Diwon in Ri-Bhoi district in Khasi hills of Meghalaya and nearby village areas like Marngar, Paham Birthem, Pahamshken, Plasha, Umden, Umshaikait, Umkon have been explored.

● West Bengal- Darjeeling forest division, Kolkata, Burdwan, Alipur Dwar and Siliguri market of West Bengal.

● Manipur- Bishnupur and Thoubal forest division and same ranges, Lalronching and Heyabong from Senapati and Sumok, Yainganag Pokpi, Sareikhon, Huntant, Mungshangkong, Shokvao, Rombni, Sonsai, Sanaok, Julangbung, Sinakeithei, Siroi of Ukhrul in Manipur have been explored.

Present Status of Herbarium Sheets Available ● Total no. of Herbariums collected is 2869 species. ● Currently total number of Herbarium sheet available is 1342 (2007-15). ● No. of single set of Herbarium is 928 (2007-15).


1038 species.


This Institute is maintaining one Demonstrative Garden in about 15 acres land introducing more than 200 Medicinal Plants. Some important Medicinal Plants are summarised as under


1. Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees

2. Ulatkambal Abroma augusta L.

3. Mucktavarcha Acalypha indica L.


5. Vasaka Adhatoda zeylanica Medik.

6. Bilwa Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

7. Saptaparna Alstonia scholaris R.Br.

8. Suran Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

9. Ananas Ananas comosus Merr.

10. - Atalantia racemosa Wight. & Arn.

11. Danti Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg.

12. Rath ki rani Cestrum nocturnum L.

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13. Patha Cissampelos pareira L.

14. Rudraksha Elaeocarpus sphericus (Gaertn) Schum.

15. Gambhari Gmelina arborea Roxb.

16. Vaarshiki Jasmimum sambak (L.) Ait

17. - Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw.

18. Kapikachhu Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

19. Gandha Prasarini Bhed Paederia scandens L.

20. Gajpippali Piper mullesua L.

21. Vidhari Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb.ex Willd) DC.

22. Akurkrabh Spilanthus paniculata Wall.

23. Jivani Trema orientalis Blume

24. Nirgundi Vitex negundo L.

25. Dhataki Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz

26. Tumbaru Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb.

27. Badar Bhed Zizyphus jujuba Lam.

28. Shunthi Zingiber officinale Rosc.


Publication

A Monograph was published on Medicinal Plants of Arunachal Pradesh in 2014.

Research Papers


Apart from the survey the Institute have been organized Seminars and workshops to provide the information about the Medicinal Plants of North East, agro techniques, awareness and values about Medicinal Plants, to make awareness about the formulation of medicine among the traditional healers. Students from various schools and colleges visit the Institute regarding the identification and collection of Medicinal Plants for Herbarium.

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Museum

Photos of collected Herbarium

RARI, Itanagar

Barleria cristata L.

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Under Medicinal Plant Research Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) has been involved in survey and documentation of Medicinal Plants of India used in Ayurveda system of medicine through its 5 peripheral Institutes namely RARIMD Bangalore, RARIGID Guwahati, RARI Itanagar, RARI Jhansi and RARI Tarikhet. And apart from the Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey Programme the council also taken up the IMR projects in order to create acceptable scientific evidence on Ayurvedic formulations.

Research and Development under Annual Action plan pertains to Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey Programme (2012-17)

The survey work carried out throught the country provides an overview of the composition of vegetation enumeration of plants, constitution of its flora, occurrence of different species in the different climatic zones of the country, availability of common and rare Medicinal Plants and information regarding the endangered species etc.The brief resume of the sailent features of work carried out by the different Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey units of the council spread over 5 states of the country located at RARIGID Guwahati, RARI Itanagar, RARI Jhansi, RARIMD Bangalore, RARI Tarikhet during the year 2012-2017 is given below.

1. Achievements During 2012-13During the year 2012-2013, 20 Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey tours have been

conducted in various parts of Davanagere and Haveri districts of Karnataka, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand. A total number of 3835 plant specimens have been collected and 3909 Herbarium sheets have been prepared (including backlog). This apart, 306 Folk-Claims along with associated traditional knowledge were also collected after interaction with the local people during the survey tours. Further, from 22 short duration local tours, 292.5 kg (fresh weight) authentic raw drugs were collected, from which 85.840 kg (dry weight) were supplied to various institutes for research and development work. 172 Museum samples were also collected during the above tours. During the survey tours, 1025 photographs of Medicinal Plants have been taken, which will be figured in the final documentation of medicinal plant wealth of respective region.

2. Achievements During 2013-14During the year 2013-2014, 20 Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey tours have been conducted

in various parts of Koppal & Gadag Districts of Karnataka, Upper Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya and Uttarakhand. A total number of 2862 plant specimens have been collected and 2925 Herbarium sheets have been prepared (including backlog). This apart, 275 Folk-Claims along with associated traditional knowledge were also collected after interaction with the local people during the survey tours .Further, from 18 short duration local tours, 203.3 kg (fresh wt.) authentic raw drugs were collected, from which 81.15 kg (dry wt.) were supplied to various Institutes for research and development work. 96 Museum samples were also collected. During the survey tours, 684 photographs of Medicinal Plants have been taken, which will be figured in the final documentation of medicinal plant wealth of respective region.

Chapter-3 Notable Achievements During 5 Years (2012-17)

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in various parts of Bagalakot and Raichur districts, Karnataka, Lower Assam, Nagaland & Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh), Chhattishgarh, left over parts of Uttrakhand and Himachal Pradesh. A total number of 2124 plant specimens have been collected and 2723 Herbarium sheets have been prepared (including backlog). This apart, 263 Folk-Claims along with associated traditional knowledge were also collected after interaction with the local people during the survey tours . Further, from 20 short duration local tours, 367.72 kg (fresh wt.) authentic raw drugs were collected, from which 20.9 kg (dry wt.) were supplied to various Institutes for research and development work. 39 Museum samples were also collected during the above tours. During the survey tours, 1113 photographs of Medicinal Plants have been taken, which will be figured in the final documentation of medicinal plant wealth of respective region.


in various parts of Kolar and Vijayapura districts, Karnataka, central Assam, Ukhrul, Senapathi forest, Gorakhpur, Balarampur, Gonda forest divisions and Chakrata, Mussorrie, Dehradun, Kalsi forest divisions. A total number of 1915 plant specimens have been collected and 2750 Herbarium sheets have been prepared (including backlog). This apart, 139 Folk-Claims along with associated traditional knowledge were also collected after interaction with the local people during the survey tours . Further, from 57 short duration local tours, 850.55 Kg. (fresh wt.) authentic raw drugs were collected, from which 163.22 Kg. (dry wt.) were supplied to various Institutes for research and development work. 83 Museum samples were also collected during the above tours. During the survey tours, 641 photographs of Medicinal Plants have been taken, which will be figured in the final documentation of medicinal plant wealth of respective region.

5. Achievements During 2016-17During the year 2016-2017, 20 Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey tours have been

conducted in various parts of Gulbarga (Kalaburgi) & Bidar district, Forest areas in Bodoland Territorial Area District, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Khasi Hills Meghalaya, and Forest Division of Tehri (Garhwal) district. A total number of 2023 plant specimens have been collected and 3071 Herbarium sheets have been prepared (including backlog). Apart from this, 127 Folk-Claims along with associated traditional knowledge were also collected after interaction with the local people during the survey tours. Further, from 46 short duration local tours, 984.27 Kg. (fresh wt.) of authentic raw drugs were collected, from which 235.04 Kg. (dry wt.) were supplied to various Institutes for Research and development work. 34 Museum samples were also collected during the above tours. During the survey tours, 560 photographs of Medicinal Plants have been taken, which will be figured in the final documentation of medicinal plant wealth of respective region.

Intra Mural Medicinal Plant Research Projects (2012-17)In order to create acceptable scientific evidence on Ayurvedic formulations, Intra Mural

Research projects (IMR) has been taken up in the field of Medicinal Plants research. The work done under 6 IMR projects out of them 5 were completed and 1 Project is ongoing during the reporting period is as follows:-

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COMPLETED PROJECTS1. Medico-Botanical Survey of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Selected areas)Participated Centre : ATHCRP, Port Blair.

Current status : Project has been completed. Book entitled “Medico-Botany of Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Recent Study” was published. Four Research Articles communicated to JDRAS.

The Major Achievements are as follows ● From entire Medicinal Plants collection total 1 family,

1genus and 1 species from Bryophyta, 3 family, 3 genus and 4 species from Pteridophyta, 1 family, 1 genus and 2 species from Gymnosperm were collected from lower groups.

● From Angiosperms total 85 families with 293 genus and 482 species were collected from dicotyledons.

● From Angiosperm total 17 families with 46 genus and 72 species were collected from monocotyledons.

● Thus a total number of 561 species belonging to 344 genera and 107 families were collected including Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperm and Angiosperms which are commonly found in Andaman & Nicobar groups of islands.

● Among these 561 plant species, 224 plant species which include195 dicots, 28 monocots and one species from Pteridophytes has been described in various Ayurvedic texts as Medicinal Plants and these are used in drug preparation.

● This study provides the detailed, unique and precise information on 204 Folk-lores claims or Local Health Care Traditional Medicines; those are used in 68 types of disease conditions.

● The 68 diseases or disease conditions treated by the local traditional practitioners are very prevalent and common in society. The maximum number 21 folk-lores claims is on Udarshula (Abdominal pain) followed by 18 on Jvara (Fever), 15 on Kamala (Jaundice) and 14 on Shirashula (Headache) were collected.

● The Nicobarese tribe is the only tribe which is covered through this survey and folk-lores collected from them. They have their own traditional procedure for drug preparation, preservation and consumption.

● A total number of 110 drugs samples of 85 plant species are properly preserved and some of them may be utilized to conduct the comparative pharmaceutical study between species of Andaman & Nicobar Islands with that of rest of India.

● Two new species namely Uraria crinita (L.) DC. & Shwet Mundi Sphaeranthus africanus L. have been collected during these survey tours.

● Andaman and Nicobar groups of islands are very rich in medicinal plant biodiversity. In spite of limited constraints, selected areas, permission regarding entry in tribal reserve areas & reserved forests from Tribal Welfare department and forest department Andaman & Nicobar administration and great difficulties to carry out work in remote areas, the work was successfully completed.

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2. Documentation of Ethno-Medicinal practices and remedial property of different plants used by the tribes of Kumaon region of Uttrakhand.Participated Centre : RRIHF, Tarikhet

Current status : Project has been completed

The Major achievements are as follows ● Two research articles have been published in

the International Journal of Advanced Research. Title:1. Documenting and revitalizing local health traditions with natural resource management. International Journal of Advanced Research ; 2016; 4 (6): 2146-2150. Title: Achyranthes aspera L. multiple therapeutic uses among various tribes of kumaun, uttarakhand. International Journal of Advanced Research; 2016; 4 (6):2151-2156.

● Data base on local health traditions and local healers/ vaidyas.

● Demography of tribal communities of Kumaun region.

● More than 300 folklores of plant/mineral/animal origin with authentic validation according to Ayurvedic texts.

● Inventorization of plant species used in traditional system along with the information on their distributional range, local name, life form part used, formulation.

● Study clarifies leucorrhoea and jaundice as prominent diseases, which will help to make any policy for health care management of tribal communities.

● Phyto-sociological assessment of 15 plants, proven as threatened by IUCN was done at regional level, which would be help full to prepare conservation management plan for the species.

● Study on phyto-sociology provides scope for the development of conservataion strategies for threatened Medicinal Plants.

3. Market survey on selected crude drugs of India for their authentication and commercial availability.Participated Centre : CCRAS, New Delhi

Current Status : Project has been completed

The Major achievements are as follows ● 13 Market Survey tours were conducted and diagnostics

characteristics of 2146 crude drug sample have been studied.

● Prepared list of Medicinal Plants (largely drawn from the FRLHT/NMPB source/EXIM Bank of India etc.) traded in Indian markets and their citations in the Pharmacopeias and Formularies.

● Worked out the distribution (Habitat), Habit (Herb/Climber/Shrub/Tree) and

32

possible adulterant/substitutes of traded Medicinal Plants in India.

● Prepared list of local trade names (Regional Names) of traded Medicinal Plants in India.

● Communicated to various SMPUs of CCRAS and collected the information regarding the availability of authentic samples.

● Phase-II of the project has been initiated through to different research projects entitled “Qualitative authentication of selected market samples of crude drugs available in various markets of India” and “Authentication of selected crude drugs through Pharmacognostical evaluation collected from various markets of India” and participating centre are RARIUD, Jammu and CARIDD, Kolkata.

● The main objective of the Phase-II project are to identify the raw drugs collected from local market are genuine and adulterated through different study.

● The Studied drugs can be compared with authentic samples; if not all, atleast the major important Medicinal Plants were used in Ayurveda.

4. Ethno-Medicinal Survey of plants used in various diseases by tribes of Thandarai, Chengalpattu, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu. Participated Centre : CSMDRIA, Chennai

Current status : Project has been completed and Final report of the project has been submitted to the Council for vetting.

The Major Achievements are as follows ● The present study is aimed at exploring the traditional knowledge of Irula tribe

of Thandarai and 11 adjacent villages of Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu with special focus on Ethno Medicinal uses and Traditional Practices.

● 25 Informants between the ages of 23 to 95 were Interviewed on the medicinal uses of the local flora.

● A total of 234 plant species were recorded belonging to 76 families and 196 genera. The largest number of 13 medicinal plant species was from Euphorbiaceae family followed by 11 species each from Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, 10 species from Acanthaceae, 7 each from Asclepiadaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Mimosaceae, 6 species each from Zingiberaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Asteraceae. Among the collected plants herbs were dominating other life forms such as big trees, shrubs, climbers, under shrubs and small trees.

● The knowledge gathered from the tribal practitioners will be useful for researchers in the field of Ethno-Botany, Ethno Medicine, Taxonomy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology for further studies. The wealth of tribal knowledge on Medicinal Plants gains a huge potential for research on discovery of new drugs to fight various diseases, obtaining new foods and other novel uses.

● The documented traditional medical knowledge of Medicinal Plants from Irula tribe of Thandarai and adjoining villages will be useful in conservation of valuable Medicinal Plants and traditional health practices, biodiversity and also for community healthcare and drug development in the present and future.

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● The results of the present study provide evidence that Medicinal Plants continue to play an important role in the health care system of Irula tribe community in Thandarai and adjoining villages of Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu

● The Ethno-Botanical information besides listing the traditional uses of plants help Ecologists, Pharmacologists, Taxonomists and wild life managers in their efforts for improving the floral wealth of the Thandarai area.

5. Digitization of Herbarium Available in CCRAS.Participated Centre : CCRAS, New Delhi.

Current Status : Project has been completed and Final Progress report has been submitted and approved. Book published entitled “Herbal wealth of Western Ghats Agasthya Malai”.

The Major Achievements are as follows ● 21,314 Herbarium sheets were digitized and database is

developed. Digitized Repository can be used by all stake holders in a convenient way.

● Herbarium sheet management module with role based authentication.

● Herbarium sheet editing module.

● Herbarium sheet verification system to cross check each and every sheet.

● List of Herbarium record with paging and sorting by Location, Family, Scientific name, Collector name, Research unit and year wise.

● Easy to use data entry form with Auto suggest/Auto complete facility.

● Vide variety of search option with full text searching ability as well as advance search like by family, genus, location, research center, uses with Google like autosuggest.

● Digital Herbarium statistics panel.

● On the fly Image resizing to keep web pages lighter and increase performance.

● Automatic anomaly detection and recovery for missing thumbnails and icons.

● Live rss-feed to track daily data entry feed process DEO wise.

● GIGW compliance of website with themes, font size change, skips to main content.

● Print facility for each page of Digital Herbarium.

● All the Single Set Herbarium located at all CCRAS units are scanned made the digital images and edited the images (as per requirement).

6. Documentation of folk healers and folk claims in the state of Assam and development of Database.Participated Centre : RARIGID, Guwahati.

Current Status : Project has been completed and Final Progress report has been submitted to the Council for waiting.

The Major Achievements are as follows ● 27 survey tours conducted covering 27 districts throughout the state (Annexure IIA

and II B) and 438 folk healers were interviewed.

● Out of 438 folk healers 156 healers did not provide any knowledge.

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● 814 folk-medico claims have been collected and documented.

● 112 plants have been reviewed pertaining to their major phytochemical studies.

● 112 plants have been reviewed pertaining to their major pharmacological studies.

● 150 medicinal plants were photographed.

● 199 numbers of medicinal plant specimens have been collected as Herbarium and Museum specimens.

● 1870 folk medico claims collected from published resources.

● Statistical cross cultural and correlation stidies with biological activities on 2 different case studies was done.

Ongoing Projects

1. Development of Raw Drug Museum on Pratinidhi Dravyas along with Adulterants used against Medicinal Plants in Ayurveda system.Participated center : NEIARI, Guwahati

Current status : During the reporting period 22 collection tours were conducted; 207 nos. of Museum specimens have been collected till 31st march 2017. Drug wise Data generation is going on.

Objectives1. Development of Raw drug Museum on Pratinidhi dravyas used in Ayurveda.

2. Identification and enumeration of Medicinal Plants used as substitutes for principal drugs of Ayurveda.

3. Resource survey of substitute drugs and adulterants used in North East India through case studies.

4. Preservation and Digitization of collected material and thereby generating an inventory of the same for publication.

2. Development of Data Bank on Ethno-botanical research and cross cultural study on sociology of reproductive healthcare of tribal societies involving medicinal plants across Northeast India- RARIGID, Guwahati.Participated center : RARIGID, Guwahati

Current status : Ongoing

Objectives1. To develop a data bank covering literatures on ethno-botanical research from NE India.

2. To survey sociology of reproductive health care involving medicinal plants of eight major tribes across North east India.

3. To compile species wise medico-ethnobotanical claims.

4. To conduct quantitative cross cultural studies of folk claims of reproductive health care.

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The Outcomes of Medico–Ethno Botanical Survey which includes Documentation and Inventories on Medicinal Plants (Publications), Monographs and Articles covering the Ethno Medical Practices in different states.

Information on PublicationsDuring the reporting years (2012-17) 8 Books/Monographs were published.1. Herbal Wealth of Uttarakhand-Vol 1 (2014).2. Herbal Wealth of Uttarakhand-Vol 2 (2015).3. Herbal Wealth of Western Ghats – Agasthyamalai (2016), 4. Medico-Botany of Andaman & Nicobar Islands - Recent Study (2016). 5. Comprehensive Technical Dossier of Series-I,

(a) Number-1, Acorus calamus (2015)(b) Number-2: Alium cepa (2015)(c) Number-3: Commiphora wightii (2016)(d) Number-4: Juglans regia (2016).

Information on Published ArticlesDuring the reporting years (2012-17) 37 research papers were published related to Medico–

Ethno Botanical Survey, 65 research papers related to Other than survey were published.

Sl. No Research Outcomes

1. Shankar R. & Rawat M.S., Status of medicinal plants with high demand in present scenario of Northeast india and their Conservation,National Seminar on Changing Environment: Present scenario and its conservation. pp. 11-16., November, 2012. RARI, Itanagar

2. Shankar R, & Rawat M.S., Conservation of traditional medicinal practices and pharmaceutically important medicinal plants in Mizoram., International J.Ethnobiology and Traditional Med. (Photon). December, 2012; Vol.117: pp. 178-188. RARI, Itanagar

3. Shankar R, Deb S, Sharma B.K, & Rawat M.S., Jaundice and its traditional cure in Arunachal Pradesh., In-ternational J. Pharmaceutical & Sci. Innovation. May, 2012; Vol.1(3): pp. 93-97,. RARI, Itanagar

4. Shankar R, Rawat M.S, Majumder, Baruah D, & Bharali. B.K., Medicinal plants used in traditional healing practices in Mizoram,International World J. Science and Technology. December 2012; vol. 2(12): pp. 42-45. RARI, Itanagar

5. Shankar R, Lavekar G.S, Rawat M.S, Deb S, & Sharma B.K., Conservation and exploration of Vai Bidang – Embe-lia ribes Burm f.International. J. Biodiver.& Conservation. October 2012; Vol. 4(13): pp. 525-529, RARI, Itanagar

6. Shankar R, Lavekar G.S, Deb S, & Sharma. B.K., Traditional healing practice and folk medicines used by Mishing community of North east India.International J. Ayurveda & Integr. Med. July- September, 2012; Vo. 3 (3): pp.124-129. RARI, Itanagar

7. Shankar. R., Medicinal plants activities for change in the Socio-economic status in rural areas of Northeast India., Arogya Souvenir (Ziro, 03-06 October, 12); vol: pp 25-31, RARI, Itanagar

8. Shankar R, Rawat M.S.,Conservation and cultivation of threatened and high value medicinal plants of North East India.International .J. Biodiver. & Conservation (Acad. Journal) Vol. 5(9) P.572-579, December, 2013. RARI, Itanagar

9. Distribution of medicinal plants in Kurung Kumey, East Kameng and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh: Their systematic conservation, 2012, RARI, Itanagar

10. Exploration, conservation and cultivation of therapeutically important medicinal plants in Meghalaya,2013, RARI, Itanagar

11. Distribution and conservation of medicinal plants in Kohima, Mokokchung, Tuensang and Zunheboto dis-tricts of Nagaland. 2014, RARI, Itanagar

12. Conservation and some pharmaceutically important medicinal plants from Dimapur districts of Nagaland. 2014, RARI, Itanagar

Chapter-4 Publication of Research Outcome (2012-2017)

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13. Exploration and conservation of medicinal plants in Senapati districts of Manipur India. 2014, RARI, Itanagar

14. Distribution of medicinal plants in Kurung Kumey, East Kameng and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh: Their systematic conservation, 2012, RARI, Itanagar

15. Shankar R., Rawat M.S., Medicinal plants used in traditional healing practices in Aizawl and Mamit districts of Mizoram,. J. Biology and Life Science (Macrothink Institute Publication Vol.4(2) P.95-102, April, 2013. RARI, Itanagar

16. Shankar R., Tripathi A.K.,Prospects of Folk medicines in Northeast,Arun Awaz August 2013 P. 16-18, Janu-ary, 2014. RARI, Itanagar

17. Kumar A., Shankar R., Medicinal benefits of Cinnamomum (Dalchini) in different disease., Arun Awaz August 2014 P. 43-45, March, 2014. RARI, Itanagar

18. Rama Shankar, Tripathi A.K., & Kumar A., Conservation of some Pharmaceutically important medicinal plants from Dimapur district of Nagaland.,World J. Pharmaceutical Res. Vo. 3 (7) P. 856-871. RARI, Itanagar

19. Temin Payum, C. Tamuli, M. Hazarika, AK Das & Rama Shankar., Ethno-botany and anti-oxidant determination of Phoebe cooperiana fruit- a highly utilized wild fruit in Arunachal Pradesh, IndiaInternat. J. Pharma. Sci. and Res. Vol.4(8): 3196-3201. RARI, Itanagar

20. Payum T., Das A.K., Tamuli C. & Rama Shankar., Nutraceutical folk food plants used among indigenous people of east Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh,Amer. J. Pharmatech. Res Vol. 4(4) P. 696-704. RARI, Itanagar

21. Rawat V.K. & Rama Shankar., Diversity and Ethno botanical importance of Pteridophytes from Mihao Wild Life Sannctuary. Arunachal Pradesh,Proc. Natl. Workshop on Traditional Practices In North East India (02- 03 Dec. 2014.). p. 17-43. RARI, Itanagar

22. Giri S.K. & Rama Shankar, A Beam of Light on Traditional Healing Practices in North East India, Proc. Natl. Workshop on Traditional Practices In North East India (02-03 Dec. p. 186-190. RARI, Itanagar

23. Giri S.K., Patnak S. & Ramashankar., A beam of light on Tribal Health Practices in North East India.,Souvenir of the “National Workshop on Traditional Healing Practices in North East India”, Zero, Arunachal Pradesh. Page no:20. RARI, Itanagar

24. Rama Shankar.,Validation of Traditional healing practices in North East India, Proc. Natl. Workshop on Tra-ditional Practices In North East India (p. 1-10). RARI, Itanagar

25. Rama Shankar & Tripathi A.K., Exploration, conservation and cultivation of therapeutically important medicinal plants in Meghalaya., Conservation, Cultivation and Exploration of Medicinal Plants in North Eastern states. CCRAS Publ.P. 219-233 RARI, Itanagar

26. Payum T., Das A.D. & Rama Shankar., 99 Selected Folk Medicinal Plants of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India., Amer. J. Pharmatech. Res. Vol. 5(1): P. 399-409. RARI, Itanagar

27. Payum T., Das A.K., Tamuli C. & Rama Shankar., Nutraceutical folk food plants used among indigenous people of east Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, Amer. J. Pharmatech. Res Vol. 4(4) P. 696-704. RARI, Itanagar

28. Ratha K.K., Rungsung W., Dutta S., Joshi G.C., Hazra J., Some important herbaceous medicinal flora of Alpine and Sub-alpine ecosystem of Western- Himalaya., American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research.2014.2 (9):54-64; ISSN: 2321– 3647. RARI, Itanagar

29. Shankar R., Tripathi A.K., Neyaz S. & Anku G., Distribution and conservation of medicinal plants in, kohima mokokchung, tuenseng and zunheboto districts of Nagaland., World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol.5, Issue 3, 1225-1237. RARI, Itanagar

30. Shankar R., Tripathi A.K., Neyaz S., Anku G., Rawat M.S. & Dhiman K.S., Distribution of medicinal plants in kurung kumey, east kameng and west kameng districts of arunachal pradesh their systemicconservation, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol.4, Issue 9, 977-993. RARI, Itanagar

31. Dr. Rama Shankara*, Gyati Ankub, Shazia Neyazb, Dr. W. Rungsungb, K. S. Dhimanc Exploration and conservation of medicinal plants in Senapati and Ukhrul districts of Manipur India, International Journal of Medicinal Plants, RARI, Itanagar

32. Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Northeast India in Human Health: Literary Note, RARI,Itanagar

33. Devanjal Bora, J. Choudhury, B. K. Bharali, S. C. Nath (2014). A new medico-ethno-botanical report of Alpinia galanga Will. (Zingiberaceae) used by Chakma tribe from Tripura in North east India. Life Sciences Leaflets, 48: 32-42. [ISSN: 0976-1098; Impact Factor 0.9285], RARIGID, Guwahati

34. J. Choudhury, D. Bora, D. Baruah, T. Borah and B. K. Bharali. Traditional Folk Medicinal Practices among the Indigenous People of Dhalai District of Tripura, Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1 (July- September 2015): 32-46. RARIGID, Guwahati

35. Devanjal Bora, J. Choudhury, D. Baruah, T. Borah, B. K. Bharali. Important medicinal plant wealth of South Tripura district of Tripura in North east India (Part-I) (Communicated to Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences and at review stage) RARIGID, Guwahati

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36. Devanjal Bora, J. Choudhury, D. Baruah, T. Borah, B. K. Bharali. Important medicinal plant wealth of South Tripura district of Tripura in North east India (Part-II) (Communicated to Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences and at review stage) RARIGID, Guwahati

37. J. Choudhury, Devanjal Bora, D. Baruah, T. Borah, B. K. Bharali. Portrayal of Folk medicinal practices among the indigenous people of North Tripura district of Tripura, India. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy”, Vol. 5(4): Jul-Aug, 2014, pp 480-488. RARIGID, Guwahati

38. Kar A., Bora D., Borthakur S. K., Goswami N. K., Saharia D., Wild edible plant resources used by the Mizos of Mizoram, India, Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engeneering & Technology (KUJSET), Vol. 9, No. I, 106-126. July, 2013. RARIGID, Guwahati

39. Bora D., Ayurveda system of medicine in the light of Intellectual Property Rights, IP-Corner (Ed: Ilika Zhimo, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam) Vol. 1, Issue 1 pp 7-13. (April-Sept, 2013). RARIGID, Guwahati

40. Gond D., Bora, M. & Tiwari R.K.,Pteridophytic medicinal plants used by the Gond tribe of Korba district, Chhattisgarh, India,Indian Journal of Applied Research 4 (10), 68-70. (ISSN no. 2249-555X). RARIGID, Guwahati

41. Bora D.,Distribution of Angiospermic Monotypic Taxa in North East India & Their Conservational Importance, International Journal of Conservation Science, Vol 6(2): 223-232. RARIGID,Guwahati

42. Arya D, Joshi G.C, & Tewari L.M., Status of trade of crude drug in Uttarakhand, International Journal of medicinal plants Research. May 2012;RARI, Tarikhet

43. Bhatt D, Sharma P, Sharma L, & Joshi G.C., Folk Herbal remedies for skin care in kumaon Himalaya,International Journal of New Timber forest products. Jan 2013; Vol.19 (4): pp. 309-312. RARI,Tarikhet

44. Kumari P, & Joshi .G.C., Biodiversity status distribution & use patterns of some medicinal plants, International journal of conservation science. Oct- Dec. 2012; Vol.3 issue 4: pp.309- 318, RARI,Tarikhet

45. Joshi G.C,et.al impact of climatic change on diversity status Distribution &use patterns of some medicinal plants., International Journal of conservation science 2012; vol: 199(4)pg.309-318 oct-dec 2012, RARI, Tarikhet

46. Arya D., Bhatt D., Kumar R., Tewari L.M., Kishore K., Joshi G.C., Studies on natural resources, trade, and conservation OF Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex benth., Scrophulariaceae) from Kumaon Himalaya, Jour-nal of Scientific Research Essays, April 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

47. Lohani N., Tewari L.M., Kumar R., Joshi G.C., Arya J.C., Kishore K., Kumar S., Upreti B.M., Population studies, habitat assessment and threat categorization of Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Allioni in Kumaon Himalaya, Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, Vol.5/51 pp. 74-82. May 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

48. Arya D., Joshi G.C, Lohani N.,Studies on Ethno-Botanical uses of the Medicinal plants of Uttarakhand JDRAS, Vol.XXXII, No.(1-2), Jan- June 2011, July 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

49. Bhatt D., Kumar R., Tewari L.M., Joshi G.C., Polygonatum cirrhifolium Royle and Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Allioni: Status assessment and medicinal uses in Uttarakhand, India,Journal of medicinal Plant Research Vol. 8 (5) pp.253- 259. 3 feb 2014. RARI, Tarikhet

50. Lohani N., Tewari L.M., Kumar R., Joshi G.C., Kishore K., Kumar S., Tewari G., Joshi N., Chemical compstion of Microstylis wallichii Lindl. From Western Himalayas, Journal of medicinal plants Research (Academic Journal) Vol.7(31), pp 2289- 2292; Aug 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

51. Bhatt D., Joshi G.C., Kumar R., Tewari L.M., Phytosociological features & threat categorization of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex Benth & A. ferox Wall ex Ser. In Kumaon Himalaya.,Journal of Ecology and the Natural EnvironmentVol.6 (3), pp. 111-118. March 2014. RARI, Tarikhet

52. Bhatt D., Kumar R., Joshi G.C. & Tewari L.M., Successive variation in phyto-sociological aspects and threat categorization of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., in from Kumaun Himalaya of Uttarakhand, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Vol.8(23) pp.829- 833. RARI, Tarikhet

53. Priti Kumari, Joshi G.C. & Tewari L.M, Biostatistics of Traditionally used medicinal plants of Almora District, Uttarakhand, Journal of Biodiversity and Ecology Vol.2 ( 4) . RARI, Tarikhet

54. Bhatt D., Kumar R., Joshi G.C. & Tewari L.M., Successive variation in phyto-sociological aspects and threat categorization of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., in from Kumaun Himalaya of Uttarakhand, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Vol.8(23) pp.829- 833. RARI, Tarikhet

55. Ratha K.K., Rungsung W., Dutta S., Joshi G.C., Hazra J.,Some important herbaceous medicinal flora of Alpine and Sub-alpine ecosystem of Western- Himalaya.,American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research.2014.2 (9):54-64; ISSN: 2321– 3647. RARI, Tarikhet

56. Priti Kumari, Joshi G.C. & Tewari L.M., Biostatistics of Traditionally used medicinal plants of Almora District, Uttarakhand., Journal of Biodiversity and Ecology Vol.2 ( 4). RARI, Tarikhet

57. Kumari P., Joshi G.C. & Tewari L.M.,Phyto-sociological analysis of threatened ethno medicinal species in forestry and altitudinal gradient of Indian Himalayan region., Journal of Biology an d Nature Vol.5 (2). RARI, Tarikhet

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58. Deepika Bhatt, G.C. Joshi, Depshikha Arya, J. C. Arya, G. V. R. Joseph and K. K. Ratha., DOCUMENTING AND REVITALIZING LOCAL HEALTH TRADITIONS WITH NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, International Journal of Advanced Research (June (30) issue, VOL 4 (2016). RARI, Tarikhet

59. Deepika Bhatt, G.C. Joshi, Depshikha Arya, J.C. Arya, G.V.R Joseph and K.K.Ratha.,” ACHYRANTHES ASPERA L.: MULTIPLE THERAPEUTIC USES AMONG VARIOUS TRIBES OF KUMAUN, UTTARAKHAND.”, International Journal of Advanced Research (June (30) issue, VOL 4 (2016), RARI, Tarikhet

60. Joshi G.C. et. al. Piosonous plants of uttarakhand used in Ayurvedic System of Medicinal Plant Research July, 2015, RARI, Tarikhet

61. Lohani N., Tewari L.M., Joshi G.C., Kumar R., Kishore K., Ex situ conservation of Hedychium spicatum Buch Ham using different types of nursery beds,African Journ. of Agricultural Research (Academic Journal), Vol.8(27), pp. 3880- 3589, July 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

62. Ratha K.K., G.C.Joshi., Haritaki (Chebula myrobalan) And its varities,AYU Vol 34 Issue 3 pp.331-334, December 2013. RARI, Tarikhet

63. Bhatt D., Kumar R., Joshi G.C., Tewari L.M., Indigenous uses of medicinal plants by the Vanraji/ Tribes of Kumaon Himalaya, India., Journal of Medicinal Plant Research (Academic Journal ) Vol. 7(37), pp 2747- 2754, Aug 2013. RARI,Tarikhet

64. Sugriv Kumar Gaur, Sanjeev Kumar Lale., Medico-Ethno-Botanical Survey of Satna Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA, JDRAS, 2015, Vol.1(1), pp: 75-101. RARI, Jhansi

65. Sugriv Kumar Gaur, Sanjeev Kumar Lale,Medicinal Plants Wealth of Rewa Forest Division of Madhya Pradesh State, JDRAS, 2015, Vol.1(2,3 &4), pp: 47-72. RARI, Jhansi

66. Mudaiya R.K., Lale S.K., Shankar R. & Dhiman K.S., “Medicinal wealth of Dindori forest division of Madhya Pradesh India need conservation and systemic collection’’, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, Vol.1, Issue.02, pp.347-372. RARI, Jhansi

67. Mudaiya R.K., Lale S.K., Shankar R. & Dhiman K.S.,“Exploration of conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants in Balaram pur ,Gonda,sravasti dist of utter pradesh ,World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, Vol.1, Issue.10, pp.549-571. RARI,Jhansi

68. Rama Shankar, Sanjeev K Lale, Rajesh K Mudaiya, Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Medicinal Plants of Chandauli and Obra Forests of Uttar Pradesh, JDRAS, 2017, Vol.2, No. 2, pp.49-63. RARI, Jhansi

69. Acharya R., Dhiman K.S., Ranade A., Naik R., Prajapati S. & Lale S.K.,“Vijaya (Cannabis sativa L.) and its Therapeutic importance in Ayurveda: A Review, JDRAS, 2015, Vol.1, No. 1, pp.1-12. RARI, Jhansi

70. Sanjeev Kumar Lale, Sugriv Kumar Gaur,Utilization of Some Important Herbs used as “Śāka” (Vegetable) in Ayurveda by Tribal People of Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh State, India, JDRAS, 2017, Vol.2, No. 1, pp.40-48. RARI, Jhansi

71. Usha Kiran,Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.), JDRAS, 2017, Vol.2, No. 2, pp.30-33. RARI, Jhansi

72. Shiddamallayya N, Rama Rao V, Venkateshwarlu G, Giri S K, Doddamani S H and Shubhasree M N. Traditional healing practices of Davanagere district, Karnataka, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science, 2014, pp. 191-209. RARIMD, Banglore

73. Shiddamallayya N, Rama Rao V, Venkateshwarlu. G., Giri S K and Doddamani S H 2016. Traditional Local Health Practices of Haveri, Karnataka. Unique J. of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicines. 2015, 03 (04): Page 135-145. RARIMD, Banglore

74. Shiddamallayya N, Rama Rao V, Doddamani SH, Giri SK, Shubhashree MN and Sulochana Bhat. 2016. Ethno-medicine system of Gadag district, Karnataka, India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Photochemistry, Vol. 5(4), 109-121. RARIMD, Banglore

75. Shiddamallayya N. Rama Rao V, Giri S K, Doddamani S H, Shubhashree M N and Sulochana Bhat. Local Health Traditional practices of Koppal District, Karnataka, Communicated in JDRAS. RARIMD, Banglore

76. Shiddhamallayya, V. Rama Rao, T. R Shantha, Venkateshwaralu G., & Sridhar B. N., Potential medicinal plants and their uses of Savandurga forest, Bangalore, Karnataka. My Forest. Sept. 2011;Vol. 47(3): pp.235-261. RARIMD, Banglore

77. Shiddamallayya, A review research paper entitled Diversity of Medicinal Plants flora of Old Mysore District, Karnataka, India.,Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research2013: 3(8). RARIMD, Banglore

78. Prashanth Kumar G., Shiddamallayya.,Documentation of wild plant tubers as food resources in Hassan district, Karnataka,Int. J. of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. RARIMD, Banglore

79. Nutritional and therapeutic uses of Mudga [Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek], a potential interventional dietary component. RARIMD, Banglore

80. Rama Rao V., Shiddamallayya, Venkateshwarlu G., Diversity of the genus Solanum in Karnataka State, India., Souvenir of National workshop on Conservation, Cultivation and Exploration of therapeutic potential medicinal plants of N-E States” org. by ARRI, Itanagar, Page No: 26, March, 2014, RARIMD, Banglore

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81. Shiddamallayya. N., Rama Rao. V., Sridhar. B.N. & Venkateshwarlu.G., Wealth of Ayurvedic medicinal plants of Mandya district, Karnataka, Indian Forester, 2015, Vol. 141(1), pp: 83-98. RARIMD, Banglore

82. Nandini. N, Shiddamallayya. N., Rama Rao. V., Venkateshwarlu.G., Wild vegetables in food security of tribal and rural population of Karnataka,Journal of Science (galley proof corrected on 20th January, 2015). RARIMD, Banglore

83. Nandini. N. & Shiddamallayya. N.,Conservation of wild and cultivated fruits resources of Bangalore urban, Species, 2015, Vol. 12(35), pp: 87-91. RARIMD, Banglore

84. Rama Rao V., Siddamallayya N, Kavya N, Kavya B. & Venkateshwarlu G., Diversity and therapeutic potentiality of the family Lamiaceae in Karnataka State, India: An overview, Species Journal. Vol. 13(37), pp.6-14. RARIMD, Banglore

85. Shiddamallayya. N, Nandini. N, Rama Rao. V. & Venkateshwarlu. G., Biodiversity of Ayurvedic cosmetic plants of Bangalore urban, Species, 2015, Vol. 12(35), pp: 92-96. RARIMD, Banglore

86. Nandini. N, Shiddamallayya. N., Rama Rao. V., Venkateshwarlu.G., Wild vegetables in food security of tribal and rural population of Karnataka.,Journal of Science (galley proof corrected on 20th January, 2015). RARIMD, Banglore

87. Kavya B., Kavya N., Rama Rao V. & Venkateshwarlu G., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. – Nutritional, Ethno-medical and Therapeutic Utility, International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2015; Vol. 6(2): 195-198. RARIMD, Banglore

88. Nandini N. & Shiddamallayya N.,Wild edible plants of old Mysore district, Karnataka.,“Emerging trends in value addition to plants and plant products – Value addition for food, health and energy security 2015; pp: 149-152. RARIMD, Banglore

89. Prashanth K. G. & Shiddamallayya N., Wild edible plants of Hassan District, Karnataka: A role in ayurvedic formulation., International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016; Vol. 4(1): 16-24. RARIMD, Banglore

90. Prashanth K.G. & Shiddamallayya N., Survey of wild medicinal plants of Hassan district, Karnataka, Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(1): 91-102. RARIMD, Banglore

91. Prashanth K.G. & Shiddamallayya.N.,Ethno botanical Study of Less Known Wild Edible Plants of Hakki Pikki Tribes of Angadihalli, Hassan District, Karnataka., Journal of Medicinal plant Studies 2015; Vol. 3(5): 82-85. RARIMD, Banglore

92. Shiddamallayya N., Rama Rao V., Doddamani S.H. & Venkateshwarlu G., A glimpse on forest flora and Indian system of medicine plants of Chitradurga district, Karnataka., International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016; Vol. 4(1): 25-33, RARIMD, Banglore

93. Shiddamallayya N., Ramarao V. & Venkateshwarlu G., Wild edible plants in Indian system of medicine: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, “Emerging trends in value addition to plants and plant products – Value addition for food, health and energy security 2015 pp: 476-494. RARIMD, Banglore

94. Prashanth Kumar GM Shiddamallayya. N., Ethnotoxic knowledge of poisonous plants of Hassan district, Karnataka, India., International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2016; Vol. 7 (2): 200-204. RARIMD, Banglore

95. Prashanth Kumar G.M Shiddamallayya. N., Nutritive values of edible wild plants consumed by Hakki Pikki Tribes of Hassan district, Karnataka., International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016; Vol. 8 (8): 390-3943. RARIMD, Banglore

96. Kavya N, Kavya B, Rama Rao V, Kishore Kumar R, Shubhashree MN, Shiddamallayya N, Sulochana Bhat., Potential of Bajra [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] in Health and Disease., International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research 2016; Vol. 4 (5):4-7. RARIMD, Banglore

97. Prashanth Kumar GM and Shiddamallayya N., Survey of wild edible fruits of Hassan forest division, Karnataka, India., J. of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 2016; Vol. 8(6): 57-66. RARIMD, Banglore

98. Shiddamallayya N, Rama Rao V, Doddamani S H, Giri S K, Shubhashree M N, Sulochana Bhat., Ethno-Medicine system of Gadag district, Karnataka, India., Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(4): 109-121. RARIMD, Banglore

99. Shantha T R, Prathapa Reddy M, Rama Rao V, Kishore Kumar R, Sulochana Bhat.., Pharmacognostical Studies on the Leaves of Lakshmi taru (Simarouba glauca DC.), a well known Anti-Cancerous Plant., World Journal Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; Vol. 5(9): 1717-1727. RARIMD, Banglore

100. Prathapa Reddy M, Rama Rao V, Shantha TR, Kishore Kumar R, Shiddamallayya N, Sulochana Bhat., Phytochemical analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography of Clausena dentata (Willd.) Roem. – Leaf., World Journal Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; Vol. 5(9): 1706-1716. RARIMD, Banglore

101. Nandini. N Shiddamallayya. N ., Psammophyte and associated plants of Chamarajanagar district: A boon to Indian system of medicine., National seminar on “Ethnobotany & herbal technology opportunities & challenges” Govt. Arts & Science College, Karwar, Karnataka, 59-67. RARIMD, Banglore

102. Nandini N and Shiddamallayya N., Biodiversity of traded minor forest products yielding plants of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka.., National Seminar on ‘Advances in Life Sciences’ St. Xavier College, Mapusa, Goa, 2016, p.121-127. RARIMD, Banglore

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“Project Evaluation Monitoring Committee (PEMC)” meeting was held under the chairmanship of Deputy Director General, CCRAS with the officials of CCRAS New Delhi on 4th March, 2017. During this meeting 6 projects were Ratified and proposal of 1 New Research Project for consideration.

New Projects initiated are as follows

1. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Rudrprayag/Kedarnath wild life forest divisions in Uttarakhand for the year 2017-18.

2. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Shahjahan Pur, Dhar, Jhabua, Pilibhit forest divisions for the year 2017-18.

3. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of District Kullu of Himachal Pradesh for the year 2017-18.

4. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Khasi Hills (North part) in Meghalaya for the year 2017-18.

5. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Hasan & Yadgir Districts of Karnataka for the year 2017-18.

6. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Gyalshing, Mangan, Namchi, Gangtok forest divisions of Sikkim for the year 2017-18.

7. Digitisation of Herbarium sheets and Development of Digital Herbarium at Regional Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi-RARI, Jhansi, Phase-I.

New Research Project to be initiated are as follows1. Validation and analysis of Folk claims.

2. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Mangalore and Udupi districts, Karnataka State” for the year 2018-19. RARIMD, Banglore

3. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Kullu Districts of Himachal Pradesh forest divisions for the year 2018-19. RARIND, Mandi

4. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme Forest Divisions of Almora (Uttarakhand) forest divisions for the year 2018-19. RARI, Tariket

5. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Hoshangabad, Raisen, Shaijapur and Betul forest divisions for the year 2018-19. RARI, Jhansi.

6. Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey programme of Sunaikuchi, Hatibagara and Khulahat Reserve Forest areas in Morigaon district of Assam for the year 2018-19. RARIGID, Guwahati

Chapter-5 Future Road Map

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The Outcomes of Medico–Ethno Botanical Survey yet to be completed in 2017-18.

1. During the year 2017-18 a Data base is preparing regarding the information of conducted Medico–Ethno Botanical Survey since inception to till date that is 1969-2017.

2. Prepared a Review Article on Medico-Ethno Botanical Survey: An Overview of CCRAS Contributions is shortly communicated in JDRAS.

3. During the year 2017-18 Compendium is preparing regarding the information of Articles published under Medico–Ethno Botanical Survey by all the 5 SMPU‘s during 5years (2012-17) is under preparation.

4. Preparing a short communication related to Methodology of preparation of Herbarium sheets & Museum Samples–Scope, relevant and suggested format it is under preparation.

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Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Semecarpus anacardium L.f.

Some Important Medicinal Plants

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Bombax ceiba L. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm.

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Grewia tiliifolia Vahl


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Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg. Careya arborea Roxb.

Exacum pedunculatum L. Prunus cerasoides auct.


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Gardenia gummifera L.f. Helicteres isora L.

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.


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medico-ethno botanical survey programme - ccras

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