initial environmental examination india

Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project (RRP IND 38272-044)

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Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: 38272-044 September 2021

India: Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project – Development of Water Supply and Sewerage System involving Tube Well, Over Head Tank, Distribution Network, STP, Trunk Sewer and Allied Works including 5 Years Operation and Maintenance, at Banjarawala - Package 1, Dehradun, Uttarakhand Package No. UIRUDP: WS&S-DDN-01 Prepared by Government of Uttarakhand Urban Development Department for the Asian Development Bank.

http://www.adb.org/Documents/RRPs/?id=38272-044-3

https://selfservice.adb.org/OA_HTML/OA.jsp?OAFunc=ADBPA_PROJ_OVERVIEW_VIEW&addBreadCrumb=RS&paProjectId=1334438&retainAM=Y&_ti=433747388&oapc=9&oas=a-OnWcgQK77GN-iiluXyXQ..


CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 13 August 2021)

Currency unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 = $0.0135 $1.00 = ₹74.26

ABBREVIATIONS

ACM – Asbestos containing Material ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – Archeological Survey of India BOCW – Building and Other Construction Workers BOD – Biological Oxygen Demand CAMP – Comprehensive Asbestos Management Plan CAPP – Community awareness & Public Participation CGWB – Central Ground Water Board CI – Cast Iron CLC – City Level Committee CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CPHEEO – Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization CTE – Consent to Establish CTO – Consent to Operate DBO – Design-Build-Operate DBOC – Design-Build-Operate Contractor DI – Ductile Iron DPR – Detailed Project Report DSC − Design and Supervision Consultant DWC – Double Walled Corrugated (Pipe) EHS – Environmental Health and Safety EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan ESMC − Environmental & Social Management Cell FAO – Food and Agricultural Organization FCO – Fertilizer Control Ordinance FSSM – Fecal Sludge and Septage Management GOI – Government of India GOU − Government of Uttarakhand GLSR – Ground Level Service Reservoir IA − Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IFC – International Finance Corporation IPMC − Investment Program Management Consultant IPMU – Investment Program Management Unit ISPS – Intermediate Sewage Pumping Station JNNURM – Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LPCD – Liters per Capita per Day LSGD – Local Self Government Department MCFT – Million Cubic Feet MCM – Million Cubic Meter


MLD – Million Liters per Day MOEF&CC – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change NGO – Non-Governmental Organization NGT – National Green Tribunal NHAI – National Highways Authority of India NOC – No Objection Certificate OHT – Overhead Tank O & M – Operation and Maintenance OD – Outer Diameter PHED – Public Health Engineering Department PIU – Project Implementation Unit PMDSC – Project Management and Design and Supervision Consultant PMU – Project Management Unit PWD – Public Works Department RCC – Reinforced Cement Concrete REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment RoW – Right of Way SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SBR – Sequential Batch Reactor SEIAA – State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 STP – Sewage Treatment Plant SWM – Solid Waste Management TOR – Terms of Reference UDD – Urban Development Department UEPPCB – Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board UJS – Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan ULB – Urban Local Body UPJN – Uttarakhand Pay Jal Nigam UUSDIP − Uttarakhand Urban Section Development Investment Program WHO – World Health Organization

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

oC − degree centigrade dB − Decibels dia − diameter kg − kilogram Kl − kilolitre km − kilometre kmph − kilometre per hour ha − hectare HP − Horsepower LPCD − liters per capita per day lps − liters per second m − meter m3 − cubic meter mg − milligram mm − millimetre mcm − million cubic meter sq.km − square kilometre


NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.


CONTENTS Pages

I. Introduction 1

A. Project Background 1 B. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination Report 3 C. Report Structure 4

II. Description of the Project 5

A. Dehradun and Subproject Location 5 B. Water Supply System 6 C. Sewerage works in Banjarawala Package-2 11 D. Daudwala Sewage Treatment Plant 12 E. Sewer Network 20 F. Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) System 24 G. Stormwater Drainage System 26 H. Climate Adaptation Measures 28 I. SCADA and GIS System 29 J. Proposed Subproject Components 30 K. Subproject Benefits 37 L. Energy Efficiency Measures included in the Sub-project 37 M. Implementation Schedule 38

III. Analysis of Alternatives 39

IV. Policy Legal and Administrative Framework 48

A. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 48 B. National and State Laws 52

V. Description of the Environment 62

A. Physical Resources 62 B. Noise Level 86 C. Ecological Resources 89 D. Economic Development 98 E. Socio Cultural Resources 109 F. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites 114

VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASUREs 127

A. Introduction 127 B. Pre-Construction Impacts – Design and Location 128 C. Pre-construction Impacts 145 D. Construction Impacts 146 E. Operation and Maintenance Impacts 161 F. Cumulative Impacts 170

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 171

A. Overview 171 B. Public Consultation 172 C. Information Disclosure 175

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 176

A. Project Specific Grievance Redress Mechanism 176


B. Grievance Redress Process 177

IX. Environmental Management Plan 180

A. Environmental Management Plan 180 B. Institutional Arrangements 234 C. Institutional Capacity and Development 239 D. Monitoring and Reporting 241 E. EMP Implementation Cost 241

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 244

APPENDICES

1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist _ Sewerage Works

2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist_ Water Supply

3: Drinking Water Standards, Surface Water Quality, Ambient Air Quality, Vehicle,

Diesel Generator Emissions Standards

4: Effluent Discharge Standards for STPs as per NGT Order dated 30.04.2019

5: Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise

6: Extract from Construction and Demolition Management Rules, 2016

7: Salient Features of Major Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in

Construction of Civil Works

8: IBAT screening report of Banjarawala Package 1 Sub=project

9: NOC for Utilization of STP Land from Nagar Nigam, Dehradun

10: No Objection Letter for OHT/ Tube well Construction from Dehradun Nagar Nigam,

Banjarawala Package 1

11: Application by UUSDA for Obtaining Permission from Central Groundwater Board for

Installation of Tube wells for Water Supply Purpose in Dehradun

12: Sample Chance find Protocol

13: Guidelines for Sewerage System Operations, Reuse of Treated Effluent and Sludge

from STP for Beneficial Purposes

14: Sample Outline Spoil Management Plan

15: Sample Outline Traffic Management Plan

16: WHO Interim Guidance on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waste Management for

the COVID19 virus

17: IFC benchmark standards for workers accommodation

18: Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing chlorine Instructions for

Storage and Handling of Chlorine Cylinders

19: Details of Public Consultations

20: Sample Grievance Registration Form

21: Sample Environmental Site Inspection Checklist

22: Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Format

23: Guidelines for Safety during Monsoon/Heavy rainfall

24: Environmental Monitoring Plan - Ambient Air, Noise, Water and Soil

25: COVID-19 Transmission through Fecal Matter and Workplace Safety Measures for Waste Water Works During Operation Phase.


26: ADB’s Interim Advisory Note on Protecting the Safety and Well-Being of Workers and Communities from COVID-19 (2020)

27: Preliminary Environmental Audit Report of Existing Sewerage System at Kargi, Dehradun

28: Photographs of Sample Road Stretches 29: Natural Drains and Rivers where the Outfalls are Proposed


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The proposed Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project (UIRUDP) aims to improve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water, and access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all ending open defecation. The outcome of the project is reliability and efficiency of water supply and sanitation services in Dehradun and Nainital enhanced. The Department of Urban Development (UDD), Government of Uttarakhand is the Executing Agency (EA) and Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA) is the Implementing Agency for the UIRUDP. The project has the following four outputs:

(i) Output 1: Water supply system and service in Dehradun improved. (ii) Output 2: Integrated sanitation systems and drainage enhanced in Dehradun and

Nainital. (iii) Output 3: Computerized maintenance and management systems (CMMS) for water

and sanitation developed and implemented in Dehradun and Nainital. (iv) Output 4: Project management, institutional capacity and knowledge strengthened.

Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand, is the most populous city in the state and experiencing unprecedented urban sprawl. City limits were expended in 2018 from 64.6 square kilometer (km2) to 196.48 km2, over 3 times. Municipal wards increased from 61 to 100, and zones increased from 6 to10 Zones, and the population from 569,578 (2011) to 803,983 (2018). Nainital is the judicial capital of Uttarakhand. Set in a valley of steep mountains around Naini Lake, it is a highly popular hill station and tourist destination in India. Estimated population of Nainital (2020) is about 60,000, increased by 50% from 41,377 in 2011.

Under outputs 1 and 2 of this Project, it is proposed to improve water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and storm water drainage in some newly added wards in Zone 1, Zone 7 and Zone 8 of Dehradun. Works are organized into 5 contract packages – 1 each in Zone 1 and Zone 8, and 3 in Zone 7. Sewerage works proposed in Nainital, proposed sewerage works are organized into a single contract package. All the packages will be implemented under design-build-operate (DBO). in Dehradun City. Dehradun city is divided into ten (10) sewerage zones. Zone 1 to 6 cover the old municipal areas, and zone 7 to 10 cover added areas. In Zone 7, located in southern periphery of the city, it is proposed to improve water supply, sanitation, sewerage, and drainage infrastructure in Kedarpur, Banjarawala and Mothrowala wards. These works in Zone 7 are divided into three DBO contract packages: (i) Banjarawala Package 1 – covering part of ward 85 (Mothrowala), (ii) Banjarwala Package 2 – covering part of ward 83 (Kedarpur) and ward 85 (Mothrowala), and (iii) Banjarawala Package 3 – covering part of ward 83 (Kedarpur) and ward 84 (Banjarawala). While all the three packages include water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and fecal sludge and septage management (FSM) in respective areas, the Package 1 additionally include a sewage treatment plant (STP) that will serve all the areas covered in 3 packages. This IEE is prepared for Package 1.

Existing infrastructure status. Piped water supply system is available in Package 1 area (spread over 1.76 km2), and service is provided intermittently at a rate of around 110 liters per capita per day (lpcd), for about 4 to 6 hours a day, which is below the water supply norms. Groundwater is the source of water. Existing pipelines (cast iron, galvanized iron, and PVC) are old, laid more than 25 years back, and have high leakages. There is no sewerage system, most of the households depend on septic tanks. Effluent from septic tanks and sullage is let off into

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open drains which collect in low lying areas and natural drains and ends up in Bindal River in the outskirts of the town. Although there are roadside drains in some parts, there is no planned or proper storm water drainage system. Most of the existing drains are in poor condition and are filled with garbage, debris and silt. In the absence of sewerage system, the sewage is being discharged into roadside drains resulting in water pollution. The existing water supply, sewerage and drainage system in the subproject area is inadequate. In the absence of basic infrastructure facilities, the people of Package 1 subproject area of Dehradun are facing unhealthy and unhygienic conditions, therefore, public representatives are also demanding safe and improved water and sewerage system along with drainage system on priority basis.

Proposed subproject. It is proposed to improve water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage systems in the subproject area to meet the present and growing demand and improve the service levels. Under water supply, it is proposed to develop additional water source (tube wells), treatment, pumping, and distribution facilities to provide 2.03 MLD of water to meet ultimate design year (2051) demand. Sewerage system will be provided in a combination of underground sewerage system and FSSM system. It is estimated that 1.41 MLD of sewage (2051) will be generated in the subproject area, collected via sewer network, and will be conveyed to the proposed 11 MLD STP. FSSM system will be in areas that are not fully developed at present and/or not feasible to provide sewer system (Dudhadevi, Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony and New Basti). An estimated 1.28 KLD of septage is generated from the FSSM, which will be disposed at existing Kargi STP, developed under the previous ADB funded Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (UUSDIP). Under the storm water drainage, new storm water drains with covers will be constructed alongside secondary municipal roads to collect, transport, and discharge the runoff safely during the rains. Proposed subproject components are:

(i) Water supply. (a) installation of a tube well (1 no,s), (b) disinfection (chlorination) unit

at the outlet of each tube well, (c) construction of a over-head tanks (OHT) of 1,000 kilo liter (kl), (d) installation of 28 kilometer (km) water supply network (100 - 350 mm diameter), (e) 950 new house service connections, and (g) SCADA and GIS systems

(ii) Sewerage. (a) construction of STP of capacity 11 MLD based on sequential batch reactor (SBR) process, (b) installation of 12 km sewers (10 km, 225 mm diameter, and around 2 km 700 mm diameter) including 574 manholes, (b) 900 household sewer connections, and (c) FSSM system – septic tanks and mobile tankers with suction and discharge arrangements for collection from septic tanks and convey to Kargi STP

(iii) Storm water drainage. (a) installation of 7 km drains with precast covers (reinforced cement concrete, RCC), and (b) development of 10 groundwater recharge pits, and 2 rainwater harvesting structures,

Screening and categorization. ADB requires consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB’s SPS (2009). The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist. The proposed project is not likely to have any significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. Potential impacts are mostly site-specific and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed with uncomplicated measures commonly used at construction sites and known to civil works contractors. Therefore, the project is classified as

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Environmental Category “B” per ADB SPS and mandated preparing Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report. Per the Government of India regulations, this subproject does not fall under the ambit of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and therefore do not require an EIA study or Environmental Clearance (EC) either from state-level or central level agencies. Description of the Environment. Dehradun City is situated in the Doon Valley on the foothills of Himalayas, at an average elevation of 640 m above the mean sea level. It slopes north to south and is dissected by numerous seasonal streams, locally known as nallahs. Drainage is borne by the Bindal River. The direction of flow of streams in the eastern part is north to south (Bindal River). Bindal River joins with River Ganga. This subproject area (Banjarawala Package 1) is located in southern most part of the city’s newly expanded municipal area, comprising part of ward 85 (Mothrowala) and area of Mothorowala, Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony Nai Basti, Sapera Basti, Daudwala colony etc. Terrain is predominantly plain and surrounded by dense hilly forests. There are few low-lying pockets. The subproject area mainly comprises semi urban and habitation areas, with agricultural as well as vacant lands. Soils are mainly alluvial, riverine, and limited distribution of red soil is also found in some places. Bindal is main river in the subproject area. Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition, and availability and quality is good. Climate of Dehradun is humid subtropical. During the summer months, temperature ranges between 36°C and 16.7°C. Winter months are colder with the maximum and minimum temperatures touching 23.4°C and 5.2°C respectively City experiences heavy to moderate rains, and average annual rainfall is 2073 mm, mostly occurs in southwest monsoon season of June to September. Subproject locations are mostly along the roads and small parcel of vacant land in this developing urban peripheral area, where there are no remaining natural habitats. Proposed STP site is located on the bank of Bindal River, close to habitation area. Hilly and dense forested areas (eg Lachchiwala Range) are situated outside the municipal area towards east, west and south. The closest protected area is Rajaji National Park, situated about 500 m from the STP site. There are no forest or protected areas within the subproject area, and it does not fall under any buffer or eco sensitive zone (ESZ). ESZ boundary is about 200-250 km from the STP site. STP site is vacant and has no notable vegetation. Consultation with local people and forest department indicate that wildlife presence and movement is limited to forest or protected areas, and no wildlife spotted in the project area. Screening via Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) indicate presence of various protected areas and key biodiversity areas within 50 km radial distance; however, none are located close to the subproject area. There are no notable or notified historical, archeological or heritage sites or places. Tube wells and OHTs are proposed in the existing water supply campuses. Sites are vacant, no notable vegetation.

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. Draft IEE identifies negative impacts in relation to location, design, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure. The project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented because: (i) proposed components will involve construction works with minimal impacts and it is very much localized. (ii) project area is mostly urban and peri urban nature, and (iii) predicted impacts are site-specific and likely to be associated with the construction process. Environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location are not significant. Various measures are included in site planning and preliminary design. Groundwater availability is good and as per the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB), the area is considered “safe” for abstracting and utilizing groundwater. Further groundwater studies will be conducted by Contractor during the detailed design to confirm source sustainability. Water quality is also good and can be safely utilized for drinking after disinfection. Water quality tests will be conducted

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and ensured that quality meets drinking water standards. Location of septic tanks will be finalized during the detailed design, and these will be constructed as water sealed to avoid any leaching and contamination of groundwater. Collected septage will be transported to existing and operational 68 MLD Kargi STP. Preliminary environmental audit indicates compliance with statutory requirements. The STP site although located close to a protected and forest areas (about 500 m) it is surrounded by scattered settlements in all directions except in the eastern side where Bindal River is flowing. Consultation with protected area officials indicate (i) none of the proposed components including STP are located in any forest or protected area or buffer area or eco sensitive zone, and (ii) given the site is located close to habitation and is not known for any wildlife movement. Therefore, proposed activities are unlikely to interfere with the sensitive areas. Due to limited land availability, an ideal STP site away from habitation could not be find, and the selected site, which is a government owned vacant land is situated on the bank of Bindal river, close to newly developing residential area. Part of the selected is denoted as “river land” in land records although current river flow is away, but historical images confirm it as river land. STP will be designed and constructed in the remaining part of land leaving the land denoted as “river land” as it is. Flood protection measures, as needed, will be included in the detailed designs. A narrow seasonal stream that is flowing through the STP site will not disturbed. STP site is close to residential area; various odour and noise control measures suggested. However, proposed SBR technology is advanced, treats sewage in a compact aerobic process, issue due to bad odor may be minimal. Odour modeling will be conducted during the detailed design, and any measures that may be required will be undertaken as part of the implementation. It is proposed to design the STPs to stringent discharge standards suggested by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). It is proposed to reuse the treated effluent for various non-domestic purposes. A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the treated effluent storage tank of 375 Kl capacity by gravity, and surplus treated water will be discharge into Bindal River. River at present carries untreated sewage, and therefore discharge of treated water is likely to improve the water quality. Construction will have adverse, but temporary, impacts arising mainly from the disturbance to residents, businesses and traffic due to construction work; safety risk to workers and community, dust and noise, public and nearby buildings due to deep trench excavations in the road; access impediment to houses and business, disposal of large quantities of construction waste etc. These are all general impacts of construction in urban areas and there are well developed methods of mitigation that are suggested in the EMP. At main roads and river/stream crossings, and for laying sewers more than 6 m deep will be done via trenchless method to minimize impacts. Once the water supply, sewerage/septage and storm water drainage system is operating, the facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Improved system operation will comply with the operation and maintenance manual and standard operating procedures to be developed for all the activities by the contractor. Environmental Management Plan (EMP). An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels, along with the delegation of responsibility to appropriate agency. Various design related measures are already included in the project preliminary design, which will be further fine-tuned as required during detailed design. For construction, the EMP includes mitigation measures such as (i) proper planning of construction works, especially linear works, to minimize the public inconvenience; (ii) barricading, dust suppression and control measures; (iii) traffic management measures for works along the roads and for hauling activities; (iv) provision of walkways and

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planks over trenches to ensure access will not be impeded; (v) occupation and community health and safety including COVID-19 health and safety measures and (vi) finding beneficial use of excavated materials to extent possible to reduce the disposal quantity. EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject. EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the effectiveness of EMP implementation and include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries.

This draft IEE and the corresponding EMP will be included in the bidding and contract documents, which will be updated during the detailed design. The contractor will be required to submit to PIU/PMU, for review and approval, a site-specific environmental management plan (SEMP). No works will be allowed to commence until SEMP is approved. A copy of the EMP/approved SEMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. EMP will also ensure efficient lines of communication between PIU/ULB, PMU, consultants and contractor. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document shall constitute a failure in compliance. To monitor the operation stage performance, there will also be longer-term surveys to monitor quality of supplied water, implement regular monitoring of the sewerage and drainage system in order to ensure that it is functioning well along with the project agency responsible for such actions, form part of the Environmental Management Plan. A CRVA study is being done for the project and its recommendations shall be included in the project design.

Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and a public consultation workshop at city level, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the project. Apart from on-site public consultations, a stakeholder meeting was held and CLC has appreciated and approved the subproject. The IEE will be disclosed on ADB and UUSDA websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM), described within the IEE, will ensure any public grievances are addressed timely. Implementation Arrangements. UUSDA will establish a Project Management Unit (PMU) in Dehradun and two Project Implementation Units (PIUs) in Dehradun and Nainital. PMU is headed by Program Director (PD) will implement the project. PD is supported by two Additional Program Directors (APD) for technical and administration. A Deputy Project Director (DPD 1) under APD (Technical) will be the focal person for safeguards and GESI implementation and compliance with ADB SPS and will be assisted by a Social Development and Gender Officer (SDGO), an Environmental Officer (EO) and an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Officer. PIUs, headed by a Project Managers, will be responsible for day-to-day implementation and supervision. A Junior Engineer in each PIU will be designated Assistant Environmental Officer. PMU and PIUs will be supported by Project Management and Design Supervision Consultant (PMDSC) team in supervision, monitoring and overseeing implementation, policy reforms, and safeguards. Two Environmental Experts in PMDSC will support PMU and PIUs in preparation, implementation and monitoring of all environmental safeguards tasks, and in ensuring compliance with ADB SPS. Contractors will appoint Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) supervisors to ensure EMP implementation and reporting.

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Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU, PIU and consultants will be responsible for monitoring and reporting. During construction, results from internal monitoring by the DBO contractor will be reflected in their monthly EMP implementation reports to the PIU. PIU with the assistance of PMDSC, will monitor the compliance of contractor, prepare a quarterly environmental monitoring report (QEMR) and submit to PMU. The PMU will oversee the implementation and compliance and will submit Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Reports (SEMR) to ADB for review and approval. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. Monitoring reports will also be posted on UUSDA websites.

Conclusions and Recommendations. The subproject is therefore unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and operation can be mitigated or minimized to acceptable levels through proper engineering design and by implementing recommended mitigation measures and procedures of EMP. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed, and no further study, such as an EIA, is required. To comply with government regulations, subproject require permission to withdraw groundwater and consent of Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) for STP construction, operation and discharge of treated effluent and sludge disposal. The following are recommendations applicable to the subproject to ensure no significant impacts:

• Include this draft IEE, prepared based on the preliminary designs, in DBO bid and contract documents, and specify that this draft will be superseded by the updated/final IEE based on detailed design after contract award

• Conduct groundwater studies during detailed design and confirm source sustainability

• Follow suggested measures in locating and designing septic tanks to avoid nuisance and water contamination

• Design STP to meet discharge standards, ensure proper sludge management facilities, flood protection and odour control measures, and conduct odour modelling during the detailed design; ensure that land denoted as “river land” is left as it is, and the stream flowing through the site is properly protected / undisturbed.

• Conduct detailed assessment of treatment septage at existing Kargi STP during detailed desgn, and confirm co-treatment efficiency and meeting disposal standards

• Update this IEE during the detailed design, and submit to ADB for approval

• Provide updated IEE and EMP to the contractor for implementation

• Obtain necessary permissions, and consents prior award of contract or start of construction as applicable, and include conditions, if any, in the updated IEE and EMP

• Do not commence works until all the preconstruction requirements are met, including: (i) this IEE is updated and approved by ADB, (ii) contractor appointed EHS supervisor, and prepared SEMP and health and safety plan including COVID-19 health & safety plan, and approved by PIU/PMU, (iii) contractor complied with government regulations, and (iv) GRM is established and operationalized.

• During implementation, ensure that EMP / SEMP is implemented as envisaged via regular supervision, monitoring, and timely reporting as indicated in the IEE

• Ensure COVID-19 appropriate behavior and compliance with protocols in project implementation as per the applicable government regulations and relevant guidelines published by WHO, ILO, ADB etc.,

• Continue consultations with stakeholders, and redress grievances effectively and timely


I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Background

The proposed Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project aims to improve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water, and access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all ending open defecation. The outcome of the project is reliability and efficiency of water supply and sanitation services in Dehradun and Nainital enhanced. The project has four major outputs as follows:

Output 1: Water supply system and service in Dehradun improved. The project will construct around 136 kilometer (km) of water supply networks in newly added wards in South Dehradun, to close the gap of water supply infrastructure. The project will ensure reliable and quality water supply services with a standard norm of 135 liter per capita per day (lpcd); 24 hours a day and 7 days a week (24/7) supply. Around 5,400 household connections will be provided by 2028 with water meters that would allow volumetric billing. Non-revenue water (NRW) in the project area will be reduced from 45–50% to at most 25%, which is higher than the Uttarakhand performance standards. The improved water service will benefit around 40,000 population including about 4,000 urban poor and vulnerable people by 2028.

Output 2: Integrated sanitation systems and drainage enhanced in Dehradun and

Nainital. The project will construct (i) two sewage treatment plants (STPs) with a total treatment capacity of 29 million liters per day (MLD); (ii) around 256 km of sewer networks; (iii) at least 117 km of stormwater drainage networks factoring potential climate risks; and (iv) around 17,410 household sewer connections in Dehradun. This output will benefit about 138,000 population, including around 15,000 urban poor and vulnerable people by 2028. The project will collect, transport, and treat fecal sludge and septage at a proposed STP equipped with a septage cotreatment unit. Combining a centralized sewerage system with decentralized septage management solutions, the project will establish a cost-effective integrated sanitation system in Dehradun. In Nainital, which has 100% sewerage system, the project will (i) replace around 4 km of aging STP1 (17 MLD) trunk and outfall sewers with leaks; and (ii) construct a new STP with a treatment capacity of 17 MLD and 5 prefabricated compact STPs with advanced moving bed biofilm reactor technology, which will have at least 20 kiloliter per day capacity each.

Once household are connected to the new centralized sewer system, existing household

and community level soak pits in the project areas that would be no longer in use. These soak pits after cleaning and connecting with rainwater capturing system can be re-utilized as groundwater recharge pits. This soak pit reutilization idea introduced by UUSDA will be first kind in India, which is an innovative solution to enhance flood-resilience.

With an objective to increase access to quality & affordable sanitation and hygiene services enhancing city-wide sanitation service provision to residents and visitors, UUSDA proposed 20 mobile toilet buses for pilot testing under the UIRUDP. Bus mobile toilets are created by refurbishing and converting old transport buses into integrated sanitation treatment facility. During this pilot period, 10 bus mobile toilets are decorated as pink for female-only: and the other 10 buses as blue for male-only. Such clear segregation would give more comfort with gendersensitive design and safety to women to exercise their sanitation activities. Pink Bus Mobile Toilets will be equipped with spaces for feminine sanitation and hygiene practices. Enhanced use of hygienic and safe sanitation services through pink bus mobile toilets will influence behavior of women towards healthy sanitation practices and hence contribute to

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positive health outcomes. Blue bus mobile toilets will also have similar inclusive design features to accommodate men with special and/or other needs.

Output 3: Computerized maintenance and management systems (CMMS) for water and sanitation developed and implemented in Dehradun and Nainital. To advance the O&M performance and asset management of WSS in Dehradun and Nainital, the project will procure, install, and implement city-wide CMMS for WSS schemes. Using the internet of things, this information and communication technology (ICT)-based platform will communicate with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and geographical information system (GIS) to provide real-time data and information. It will also provide a range of functions, including but not limited to the following: (i) present and record operation status; (ii) schedule and track inspections; (iii) plan, implement, and report the results of preventive maintenance; (iv) manage fixed assets across multiple sites; (v) manage inventory, work orders and contract managements; and (vi) provide customer services, which include the establishment of consumer data management system with disaggregated data by sex, age, and other social dimension.1 The detailed program functions for CMMS will be determined through the customized design based on the WSS system needs and WSS governance structure in Dehradun and Nainital.

Output 4: Project management, institutional capacity and knowledge strengthened. This output includes a range of activities such as: (i) enhancing project and contract management of UIRUDP through hands-on implementation support and skills training for project management unit (PMU) and project implementation units (PIUs) at Dehradun and Nainital; (ii) developing robust WSS O&M manuals, which will be aligned with the national WSS manuals 2 and customized to the WSS system, governance structure, and specific conditions and needs in the project cities; (iii) providing training and implementation support on the WSS O&M manuals and CMMS use to UUSDA, UJN, UJS, and project ULBs; (iv) strengthening institutional capacities of UUSDA, project ULBs, and the wards members at project ULBs on WSS tariff re-structing to enhance the sustainability,3 green and resilient urban planning for livable and prosperous cities, ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) measures, integrated water management, intelligent and sustainable WSS operation and management, and gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) issues in urban systems and services; (v) executing community awareness, participation, and behavior changes programs on water conservation, public health and hygiene practices, waste reduction, and making safe, clean, and healthy community environments; and (iv) implementing the GESI action plan, which will be further developed during the project preparation

1 ‘Internet of things’ describes the network of physical objects— “things”—that are embedded with sensors, software,

and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

2 GOI, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO). (i) Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply System – 2005; (ii) Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems – 2013 Part B O&M and Part C Management; and (iii) Manual on Storm Water Drainage Systems – 2019 Part B O&M and Part C Management. (accessed 18 September 2020).

3 The World Bank has an ongoing project in Uttarakhand to support institutional strengthening of ULBs’ public financial management and revenue management systems, which would have positive impacts on the financial sustainability of the water supply and sanitation systems and other urban services. To avoid any duplicated efforts, the project team will closely monitor and communicate with the World Bank. If any gaps are identified, the project team will design specific activities to support the project UBLs. (World Bank. 2019. Uttarakhand Public Financial Management (PFM) Strengthening Project.)

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This IEE focuses on one of subproject under output 1 & 2, which is the development of water supply, sanitation and drainage system in newly-added wards since the 2018 re-boundary arrangements located in the south-eastern periphery of Dehradun (Zone 7), comprising part of ward No 85 of Mothrowala. B. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination Report

ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (2009). Accordingly, this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been conducted to assess the environmental impacts and provide mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure that there are no significant impacts because of the subprojects.

The potential environmental impacts of the subprojects have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist for water supply and sewerage system (Appendix 1 & 2). Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, and results of the assessment show that the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. Thus, this initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS requirements for environment Category B projects.

The subproject is located in Zone 7 which consists of Kedarpur, Banjarawala and Mothrowala wards, and is divided into three work packages based on topography and hydrology viz. (i) Banjarawala Package 1 comprising part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala), Package 2 comprising part of ward numbers 83 (Kedarpur) and 85 (Mothrowala) and Banjarawala Package 3 comprising part of ward numbers 83 (Kedarpur) and 84 (Banjarawala).

Development of water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage system of

Banjarawala Package 1 (part of ward 85 of Mothrowala) in Dehradun is proposed for implementation under the design-build-operate (DBO) modality, where the design is carried out by the selected bidder based on the feasibility / preliminary project report prepared prior to bidding. Thus, this IEE is based on the preliminary project report prepared by Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA). The IEE is based mainly on field reconnaissance surveys and secondary sources of information. No field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted; however, the environmental monitoring program developed as part of the environmental management plan (EMP) will require the contractors to establish the baseline environmental conditions prior to commencement of civil works. The results will be reported as part of the environmental monitoring report and will be the basis to ensure no degradation will happen during subproject implementation. Stakeholder consultation is an integral part of the IEE.

This IEE will be updated and finalized during detailed design stage to reflect change in

scope of works, change in location of component and change in cost due to addition or subtraction of components which can change the environmental impacts. The revised IEE shall supersede the earlier version of IEE and shall be contractually applicable to the contractor after approval from PMU and ADB.

The implementation of the subprojects will be governed by Government of India (GoI) and the state of Uttarakhand and other applicable environmental acts, rules, regulations, and standards. Environmental safeguards will be followed in accordance with the ADB SPS 2009. During the design, construction, and operation of the project the borrower/client will apply

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pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with ADB SPS, 2009 and international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards. C. Report Structure

The report has been structured in compliance with ADB SPS, 2009 and contains the following ten (10) sections including the executive summary at the beginning of the report:

(i) Executive Summary. This section describes concisely the critical facts,

significant findings, and recommended actions. (ii) Introduction. Presents a brief overview of the assignment along with its

background, objectives, scope of work and methodology etc. (iii) Description of the Project. This section describes the proposed project; its

major components; and its geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any associated facility required by and for the project.

(iv) Analysis of Alternative. Analyzes the environmental situation “With and Without project”.

(v) Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework. This section discusses the national and local legal and institutional framework within which the environmental assessment is carried out. It also identifies project-relevant international environmental agreements to which the country is a party.

(vi) Description of the Environment. This section describes relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions within the study area. It also looks at current and proposed development activities within the project's area of influence, including those not directly connected to the project. It indicates the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the data.

(vii) Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. This section predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and negative direct and indirect impacts to physical, biological, socioeconomic (including occupational health and safety, community health and safety, vulnerable groups and gender issues, and impacts on livelihoods through environmental media, and physical cultural resources in the project's area of influence, in quantitative terms to the extent possible; identifies mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated; explores opportunities for enhancement; identifies and estimates the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions and specifies topics that do not require further attention; and examines global, trans boundary, and cumulative impacts as appropriate.

(viii) Public Consultation and Information Disclosure. This section (i) describes the process undertaken during project design and preparation for engaging stakeholders, including information disclosure and consultation with affected people and other stakeholders; (ii) summarizes comments and concerns received from affected people and other stakeholders and how these comments have been addressed in project design and mitigation measures, with special attention paid to the needs and concerns of vulnerable groups, including women, the poor, and Indigenous Peoples; and (iii) describes the planned information disclosure measures (including the type of information to be disseminated and the method of dissemination) and the process for carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation during project implementation.

(ix) Grievance Redress Mechanism. This section describes the grievance redress framework (both informal and formal channels), setting out the time frame and mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance.

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(x) Environmental Management Plan. This section deals with the set of mitigation and management measures to be taken during project implementation to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts (in that order of priority). It may include multiple management plans and actions (mitigation, monitoring and performance indicators). Outlines the environmental monitoring program and reporting system including the cost of implementing the EMP.

(xi) Conclusion and Recommendations. Presents the conclusion and recommendations of the IEE study.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Dehradun and Subproject Location

Dehradun is the winter capital and most populous city the State of Uttarakhand. Dehradun experienced fast growing peri-urban areas with huge influx of urban migrants and carried out re-boundary mission. As a result, Dehradun has expanded to 300% in area (196.48 km) and increased by 141% in population (803,983 in 2018) living in 100 wards. The subproject of establishing water supply and sanitation and drainage systems is located in Southern part of newly expanded Dehradun, Zone 7, which consists of Kedarpur, Banjarawala and Mothrowala wards. This subproject is divided into three work packages based on topography and hydrology viz. (i) Banjarawala Package 1 comprising part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala), Package 2 comprising part of ward numbers 83 (Kedarpur) and 85 (Mothrowala) and Banjarawala Package 3 comprising part of ward numbers 83 (Kedarpur) and 84 (Banjarawala).

This subproject covers Package 1 and the main components of this subproject include: (i) Installation of one deep tube well (1500 lpm, capacity) with disinfection treatment in form of chlorination units will be provided at the outlet of the tube well.(ii) construction of one over-head tank with 1000 KL capacity; (iii) installation of 28 kilometer (km) water supply network (ductile iron pipe Class K7 (DI-K7) of diameter varying from 100mm to 350mm and rising main of 180m length of DI-K9 pipes with diameter of 150mm) with 950 numbers new house service connections; (iv) construction of 11 MLD capacity Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) with sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology,(v) installation of 12 km sewer pipes (10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm and around 2 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter) and 900 household sewer connections, (vi) a total of 574 manholes, including 361 brick masonry circular manholes; 166 in-situ RCC circular manholes; and around 47 precast RCC manholes s,(vii) installation of around 7 km drainage system with precast RCC covers (viii) development of 10 numbers Groundwater Recharge pits and 2 numbers Rainwater Harvesting Structures,(ix) Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) system, and (x) SCADA and GIS system.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttarakhand_by_population

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Figure 1: Zone 7 and the location of the subproject- package 1 to 3

Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants.

B. Water Supply System

The water supply service area under this package is part of ward 85 (Mothorowala). Currently, there is existing water supply in the area but its pipeline network (CI, GI and PVC) is more than 25 years old with the average supply level of around 110 lpcd for 4 to 6 hours per day, not meeting the performance standard. The source of existing water supply is ground water and the tube wells and the overhead tanks are located in the planned package 2 area boundary.

Since the existing water supply system is insufficient to accommodate growing

population in the area, new source, disinfection (chlorination) system, and pipeline network have been included in the scope of this project. The design of water supply system has been done on DMA basis. DMA 7 falls under the scope of Package 1 (Figure 2). A new tube well installation of 1000 litres per minute (lpm) capacity and construction of one 1000 Kl Overhead Tank (OHT) in Nai Basti, disinfection (chlorination) system, 28km of Ductile Iron K7 pipes along with 950

Sewerage Zones in Dehradun

Zone 5

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Zone 1

Zone 6

Zone 7Zone 8

Zone 9

Zone 10

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consumer connections are major components considered for proposed water supply system. The proposed water supply network is as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 2: DMA Boundary Map

Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants.

The design of water supply system has been done on District Metering Area (DMA)

basis. DMA at entry point will be provided with SCADA operated control valve with actuators, a bulk flow meter (Electromagnetic type), Pressure transmitter, residual chlorine indicator, Each DMA will have at least two Critical Measurement Points (CMPs) in each zone (Area in command of one ESR) for continuous logging of pressure, and the CMPs shall be such that they should be at the highest and farthest points from the command reservoir. The project aims to achieve not more than 15% non-revenue water (NRW).

Tube Well and OHT Location at Nai Basti

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Per capital water supply rate of 135 liters per day (LPD) is considered as per the

CPHEEO norms. Table 1 shows the projection of population increase for entire contributing area in base year of 2021, intermediate year 2036 and ultimate design year of 2051, which are 4943 in 2021, 9063 in 2036 and 13183 in 2051. Based on the projection of population increase the water demand of the area is estimated as 0.76 MLD (base year 2021), 1.40 MLD (intermediate year 2036) and 2.03 MLD (ultimate design year 2051). The present service area falls in Raipur block which is categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB and leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. Groundwater quality is fit for drinking; therefore, only disinfection is proposed prior to supply. Groundwater from tube well will be collected in OHT and the disinfection treatment in form of chlorination unit will be provided at the outlet of the tube well.

Table 1: Details of Population & Water Demand in Banjarawla Package 1

Ward

2011 population

(from contributing

area)

Projected Population (including 10% floating population)

Water Demand (MLD)

Base Year

(2021)

Intermediate Year (2036)

Ultimate Year

(2051)

Base Year

(2021)


Ultimate Year

(2051)

85 2000 4943 9063 13183 0.76 1.40 2.03

Source: Data from UUSDA

Construction of Tube well and Overhead Tanks (OHT): Land acquisition is not

envisaged for proposed 1500 lpm deep tube well and 1000 kl OHT under package 1. The tube well and the OHT will be constructed on a vacant plot at Nai Basti under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN). The land parcel identified for construction of tube well and OHT is vacant and free of encumbrances (Figure 3). UUSDA has obtained no objection from Dehradun Nagar Nigam for construction of the OHT and tube well (Appendix 10). For the construction of tube well and OHT 800 square meter land will be required. Summary of the plot is provided in Table 2. No objection certificate (NOC) from CGWB for groundwater withdrawal shall be obtained by the UUSDA before award of contract/before start of construction and appended in the updated IEE and recommendations, if any, of CGWB shall be included in the EMP for implementation.

Table 2: Details of TW and OHT to be Constructed under Package 1

Sl.No. DMA TW/OHT Capacity (kl)

Location Name Land Area Required (sq.m)

Ownership

1 7 Tube well: 1500 lpm OHT: 1000 kl

Nai Basti, Mothrowala

800 Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants

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Figure 3: Google Earth Image of Tube well Location at Nai Basti, Mothrowala, DMA 7


Laying of Water Supply Pipeline. In the entire project area, about 28 km new water distribution pipelines (ductile iron pipe Class K7 (DI-K7) of diameter varying from 100 mm to 350 mm and rising main of 180m length of DI-K9 pipes with diameter of 150mm) will be laid and new house service connections will be provided from the newly laid main. The new service connections shall replace the old service connections at the entry point to the houses and all house connections meters will be having Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) technology. Most of the existing pipelines shall be left buried as it is. If the existing water pipes are in the same lining of new water supply pipes, a contractor through a detailed survey will establish the requirement of old pipes removal for giving way to new pipelines. Those pipes shall be removed and disposed in a controlled manner so as not to harm the environment. No. AC pipes are there in the existing facilities which may create hazardous conditions for the workers and surrounding community.

Water supply pipelines will be laid at a depth of 1 m within the RoW of Dehradun Nagar

Nigam (DNN) roads (Figure 4). PMU, UIRUDP shall obtain ‘no objection’ or approval from DNN (owner of the roads) for laying of water supply pipelines before start of civil work. The NOC will

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be appended to the updated IEE. Summary of proposed water supply pipeline is given in Table 3.

Table 3: Summary of Proposed Water Supply Network in Banjarawala Package 1

S. No.

Name of Major Road

Category Low/Medium/ High Density

Length (KM)

Road Width (m)

Dia. of proposed

Pipe (mm)

Trench Width (mm)

Ownership of Road

NOC Status*

1. Mothrowala Road

Medium 5.0 100 -250 250 - 500

Dehradun Nagar Nigam

To be obtained

2. Sanink Colony

Medium 28 5.0 100-125 250 - 500

3 Nai basti Medium 5.0 250 500 - 600

4 Daudwala Colony

Low 3.5 150-200 350 - 500


Figure 4: Proposed Water Supply Networks for Banjarawala Package 1


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House Water Supply Connection. For water supply the targeted household service connections are 950; no land acquisition impacts are assessed due to house service connections.

During the design and construction period of 42 months, the contractor will have the responsibility of maintaining the existing water supply levels and provide good quality water to consumers at least for the duration and adequate pressure being maintained presently.

The successful implementation of the project will result in better control over the NRW

management, improved monitoring system and overall demand management along with energy reduction. The benefits arising from the water supply subproject include: (i) increased availability of potable water at appropriate pressure to all households; (ii) reduced time and costs in accessing alternative sources of water. (iii) better public health particularly reduction in waterborne and infectious diseases.

C. Sewerage works in Banjarawala Package-2

Currently, there is no sewerage system provided in the subproject area, which is around 176 Hectare (Ha) comprising of part of municipal ward no. 85 (Table 4).

Table 4: Areas Covered under this Package 1

Ward Name Ward No.

Total ward area (Ha)

Area considered under this subproject (Ha)

Ward coverage

Mothrowala 85 586 176 30% Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants

It is proposed that the sewage from all three packages of Banjarwala, which consists of wards 83, 84 and 85, will be carried to this area and treated at the sewage treatment plant being developed under this Package 1. The design capacities of STP has been determined based on the projected wastewater generation. The STP will have a total of 11 MLD treatment capacity based on sequential batch reactor (SBR) process. Table 5 shows the projection of population increase for the entire contributing area of Package 1, 2 & 3 (wards 83, 84 and 85) in base year of 2021, intermediate year 2036 and ultimate design year of 2051, are 41,426 in 2021, 71,266 in 2036 and 1.01,105 in 2051. Based on the projection of population increase, it has been estimated that the contributing areas of all three Banjarawala packages will have 4.42 million liters per day (MLD), 7.61 MLD & 10.80 MLD of wastewater during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively.

Table 5: Details of Sewerage Generation in Banjarawla work packages 1, 2 and 3

Package

Projected Population (including 10% floating population)

Sewage generation (MLD)

Base Year (2021)


Ultimate Year

(2051)

Base Year (2021)


Ultimate Year

(2051)

Package-1 4949 9074 13199 0.53 0.97 1.41

Package-2 11548 20704 29860 1.23 2.21 3.19

Package-3 24929 41488 58046 2.66 4.43 6.20

TOTAL 41426 71266 101105 4.42 7.61 10.80

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Table 5 also shows the projection of population increase for Package 1 contributing area

(part of ward number 85) in base year of 2021, intermediate year 2036 and ultimate design year of 2051, are 4949, 9074 and 13,199 respectively. Based on the projection of population increase, it has been estimated that the contributing area will have 0.53 MLD, 0.97 MLD & 1.41 MLD of wastewater during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively.

D. Daudwala Sewage Treatment Plant

Daudwala STP will be located in Indrapuri Farm at Daudwala in Mothrowala ward (30o14'48.75"N,78 o01'31.25"°E). A total land area allotted for the STP is 1.19 ha, owned by Nagar Nigam Dehradun (Dehradun Municipal Corporation). The STP location is chosen taking into consideration of the travel time of sewage to trunk mains, maximum sewerage area, and land availability and reasonable distance to river for ease of disposal of treated effluent. The STP will have a total of 11 MLD treatment capacity. The STP capacity was decided based on the average flows contributed by the trunk mains.

Construction of STP (11 MLD) with sequenced batch reactor (SBR) technology will be

carried out on the available Government owned vacant land at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala (Figure 5). The two identified land parcels are categorised as barren land (Khasra nos. 1926 and 1927) for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant while another vacant land parcel categorised as river land (Khasra no 2050) will be left as it is and no construction work will be carried out in that river land parcel. Assessment based on satellite imagery and site visit indicates that there is a government owned abandoned structure towards the west side of the plot (within khasra no 1926) which will be dismantled during construction. Rest of the land parcels are vacant and not under any productive use. Site is predominantly flat and sparsely covered with shrubs and bushes. Bindal river is at a distance of 67m from the proposed STP boundary. Historic Google Earth imagery indicates the Bindal River has been found shifting its course and the proposed location of the STP is on the edge of formally active functional flood plain, therefore, the detailed design must provide adequate flood protection measures. Dehradun Nagar Nigam, vide letter number 25/bhoomi/2021, dated 18th March 2021 provided no objection to UUSDA for construction of STP, provided in Appendix 9.

One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River

(Figure 6A) around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony), is passing through the STP land parcels. Dehradun experiences high intensity rains /flash floods during monsoon, any alteration to drainage will have serious implications, and may flood the surrounding areas and STP site. Therefore, no diversion of natural channel is advisable. It is suggested to keep the natural drainage channel undisturbed and allow it to flow in its own

natural course (Figure 6B). Accordingly, STP has been planned to limit all the components to one side of the drain/stream. This will be finalised during the detailed design phase and

requirement of cross-drainage works will be developed. This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. It ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m). No usage of this water has been reported. Since the subproject does not obstruct the flow of the drain, the water (or wastewater) being carried through it will anyway reach Bindal river. After implementation of the project, untreated wastewater from the nearby areas will cease to flow in the drain.

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There exist some households (scattered) near the proposed STP boundary (five houses

in less than 50m.distance and three between 50 and 100m distance) from the STP boundary. The most odorous units such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge management areas are proposed to be kept away from the nearby houses in the preliminary design. Odor sensitive design and standby power arrangements are suggested to safeguard the health and safety of the nearby community. The proposed treatment technology, SBR, being an aerobic process and conducted in a compact and a closed system with automated operation; odour nuisance will be very minimal and negligible. Odour modeling will be conducted during the detailed design, and any measures that may be required will be undertaken as part of the implementation. Green buffer zone of 10m wide all around the STP with local varieties of trees in multi-rows will be provided which will act as a barrier and visual screen around the facility and will improve the aesthetic appearance.

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Figure 5: Google Earth Map showing Daudwala STP Location

+ Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants

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Figure 6: The Alignment of Drainage Channel and nearby residential colonies


16


Figure 7: Daudwala STP Layout Plan


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The STP shall be constructed in two tiers from inlet chamber of STP upto chlorine contact tank. All the sludge handling units shall be rested on ground. Minimum clear service height between tier 1 and tier 2 shall be 5.5m in the premise of the STP. A Terminal Sewage Pumping Station (TSPS) will be installed to convey the sewage to the STP by pumping water from receiving chamber. It is proposed to provide submersible pumps in wet well type pumping station. A typical sewage treatment process involves (i) primary mechanical treatment to screen out grit, debris, oil and grease from the influent; (ii) secondary biological and/or chemical treatment process; (iii) disinfection; and (iv) sludge dewatering and disposal.

As for a biological treatment process at Daudwala STP, a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) is proposed. A SBR is a cyclic activated sludge treatment process and provides highest treatment efficiency possible in a single step biological process. The incoming sewage will be fed into the cyclic activated sludge process/SBR process basins for biological treatment to remove BOD, COD and Suspended Solids. Thus, no additional settling unit, nor a secondary clarifier will be required. As for disinfection process, chlorine treatment will be used. As the STP will be designed in a modular approach, it will optimize energy and resource consumption. Figure 8 is the typical sewage treatment process. During the detailed engineering design, the treatment process will be finalized. Nevertheless, the treated effluent must meet the effluent quality standards. It is proposed to design the STPs to stringent discharge standards suggested by CPCB in 2015 and order of National Green Tribunal (NGT) dated 30th April 2019 (Appendix 4). The stringent standards also facilitate maximum utilization of treated wastewater for reuse in various purposes following guidelines (Appendix 13) of Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO).

Figure 8: Typical Sewage Treatment Process


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Figure 9: Schematic plan of Daudwala STP


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As for sludge treatment, a sludge sump will collect thickened sludge from SBR basins. Supernatant from the sump will be returned to inlet/equalization tank for treatment. Sludge from sump will be pumped to sludge thickener, and the thickened sludge will be pumped to mechanical sludge dewatering system (such as centrifuge). Dewatered sludge cake will further air dried in a sludge storage shed for 15 days. Sewage sludge generated from the SBR process has undergone sufficient treatment for stabilization and pathogen reduction. Hence, the sludge generated is of high quality that can be applied on land. Considering that the sludge from the SBR process is composed of both inorganic and organic materials, large concentration of some plant nutrients and much smaller concentrations of numerous trace elements and organic chemicals, the sludge can be used for fertilizer in agriculture land. Any remaining can be disposed to an identified government owned landfill site at Shisambada which is located in about 28 km away from proposed STP. A sludge reuse plan will be developed and implemented by the contractor in consultation with the Municipality authorities.

Figure 10: Google Earth Map showing the Landfill Site for Proposed Sludge Disposal


Reuse and discharge of treated effluent. It is proposed to reuse the treated effluent

for various non-domestic purposes. A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the 375 Kl capacity treated effluent storage tank by gravity. The treated effluent storage reservoir (dimension:10m x 12.5m x 3m) is designed for storage of 10% of treated effluent generated from 11MLD STP capacity for 8 hours of storage. The treated effluent can be used for gardening, cleaning, firefighting, sewer manholes flushing and other purposes within plant premises. In order to safeguard the interest of users of treated effluent, it is proposed to apply technology/process to achieve very low biological oxygen demand (BOD) - BOD10, and suspended solids (SS) in the treated effluent. The treated effluent reuse plan shall be developed and implemented by the contractor in consultation with the Nagar Nigam authorities.

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Outflow sewer will be installed to discharge treated effluent from the STP that will meet the discharge standards (Appendix 4). The Excess / surplus of treated effluent from STP will be discharged in the adjoining drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony. Outflow sewer of around 25m will be installed to discharge treated effluent from the STP outflow point to the drainage channel passing through vacant and unused government land. This will be finalised during the detailed design phase and necessary facilities like pipelines, pumping requirements and requirement of cross-drainage works will be developed. It ultimately meets with Bindal River. at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m). No usage of this water has been reported. This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. Since the subproject does not obstruct the flow of the drain, the water (or wastewater) being carried through it will any way reach Bindal river. After implementation of the project, wastewater from the nearby houses will cease to flow in the drain. The Bindal River also remains mostly dry except during rains, and there are no water intake points or physical cultural resources (PCR)4

in the immediate downstream. The amount of raw sewage that is being disposed into the river from the surrounding areas is making its condition worse every single day. The riverbed of ‘Bindal’ is lined with domestic waste, effluents, plastics, animal carcasses and human excreta. Considering the existing status of river and the degree of treatment, no significant impacts envisaged. UUSDA will obtain approval or NOC from the Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) for treated effluent discharge and dried sludge disposal to landfill site. The NOCs will be appended to the updated IEE.

The STP will have a backup generator, which is an emergency diesel generator set of 400 kVA capacity (2 numbers) as emergency power for common and essential services/ utilities. The DG set(s) shall be compliant to relevant state/ central pollution control board regulation for following emission standards.

DG Output in kW Emission Limit in g/kW-hr

(NOx+HC/ CO/ PM) Smoke Limit (light

absorption coefficient m-1)

Up to 19 kW <= 7.5 / <= 3.5 / <= 0.3 <= 0.7

> 19 kW up to 75 kW <= 4.7 / <= 3.5 / <= 0.3 <= 0.7

> 75 kW up to 800 kW <= 4.0 / <= 3.5 / <= 0.2 <= 0.7

E. Sewer Network

The subproject will install a total of around 12 km sewer pipes, including 10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm and around 2 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter. The 700 mm diameter pipe is connected to sewage coming from packages 2 and 3 and receiving all sewer of package 1, it will deliver entire sewage to the proposed STP. The

4 Physical cultural resources as defined as “movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures,

and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings and may be above or below ground or underwater. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial, national, or international level.”

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wastewater collection system will mainly rely on gravity pipes and will discharge into the STP. The network will be of the conventional gravity collection type, starting from service connections to gravity sewers conveying the sewage to discharge into the wet well at the TSPS, which is an integral part of the STP.

The sewer system will be designed as a separate sewer system that carries only the

domestic/municipal wastewater and will not mix with a storm water drainage systems. No industrial wastewater will be allowed into the sewers. Sewers will be laid underground in the roads and streets. While water pipes are/will be located on one or either side of the roads, the sewers will be laid in the middle of the road to avoid any disturbing the water pipes.

In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method (Figure 9). The nominal diameter of the casing pipes would be kept sufficiently large to permit easy withdrawal of the carrier pipe. Two Nala crossings have also been proposed as per the preliminary design for the project package. The pit locations for trenchless pipeline laying will be identified by the design build and operate Contractor (DBO) on finalization of detail design, following which detail measurement survey (DMS) will be conducted.

Laying of Trunk Sewer and Sewer Network Pipelines are proposed within the boundaries

(RoW) of government roads and are assessed to not have any involuntary land acquisition impact. The roads through which the trunk sewer pipelines and the sewer network will be laid are under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN). UIRUDP will obtain ‘no objection’ or approval from DNN (owner of the public roads) before start of civil work; the NOCs will be appended to the updated IEE. Summary of sewer pipelines are given in Table 6. and in Figure 10.

Table 6: Road width wise Diameter of Sewer Pipelines to be Laid under Package 1


It may be noted that sewer pipelines will be laid on the same roads along which water supply pipelines will be laid (Figure 9). The sewer pipelines will be laid along the center of the road and water pipelines along any one side of the road. Civil works for laying of both the water supply and sewer pipelines will be done simultaneously to reduce the impact duration; it will impact few vendors, roadside temporary shops which are anticipated to face temporary income loss during the construction period of the pipelines at Nai-basti, under Mothrowala road. Photographs of sample roads through which the water supply and sewer pipelines will be laid are provided in Appendix 28. The resettlement plan assessed these impacts and provided mitigation/compensatory measures for the assessed impact of the project activities.

Sl. No

Name of Major Road

Category Low/Medium/High Density

Length (KM)

Road Width

(M)

Dia of Major Proposed Pipe (mm)

Proposed Trench

Width (M)

Ownership of Road

1 Mothrowala Road

Medium 5.0 225 to 700 1.0 To 2.0

Dehradun Nagar Nigam

2 Sanink Colony

Medium 12 5.0 225 to 300 1.0 to 1.5

3 Nai basti Medium 5.0 225 to 700 1.0 To 2.0

4 Daudwala Colony

Low 3.5 225 to 300 1.0 to 1.5

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Figure 11: Layout of Conduits for Nalla Crossing, Banjarawala Package 1


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Figure 12: Sewer Networks Map


Construction of Manholes: A total of 574 manholes, including 361 brick masonry circular manholes; 166 in-situ RCC circular manholes; and around 47 precast RCC manholes based on the assessment of subsoil condition and traffic loads. The manholes will be constructed at an interval of 24.4 m distance well within the ROW of government roads along the sewer network

Around 900 household sewer connections will be also installed, which include around 600 connected to sewer system and 300 connected to community septic tanks. House connections will be provided through a chamber constructed inside the property line and another chamber outside the property line. Chambers are to be connected with manholes in the main sewer line below the roads by means of uPVC pipe SN4 of 110 mm or 160 mm OD.

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F. Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) System

Septage is the settled solid matter in semi-solid condition usually a mixture of solids and water settled at the bottom of septic tank. It has an offensive odour, appearance and is high in organics and pathogenic microorganisms. A FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas of Banjarawala Package 1 e.g. Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. This facility is expected to cover a population of 1465 in the base year 2021 and 3907 at the ultimate design year 2051 under Septage management for Banjarawala Package 1 (Table 7).

Table 7: Population Covered under Septage Management for Banjarawala Package 1


Collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) comprising municipal ward

numbers 83, 84 and 85 will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is already equipped with septage co-treatment facility. At present, the Kargi STP under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). Based on the projection of population increase, it has been estimated that the contributing areas of Package 1, 2 & 3 (wards 83,84 and 85) will generate septage of 1.77 kilo liters per day (KLD), 3.13 KLD & 4.75 KLD during the base (2021), intermediate (2036) & ultimate (2051) years respectively (Table 7). Contributing area of Package 1 (part of ward no 85) will have 0.48 KLD, 0.88 KLD & 1.28 KLD of septage during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively (Table 8).

Table 8: Details of Septage Generation in Banjarawla work packages 1, 2 and 3

Banjarawala Package

Projected Population for Septage Management (including Floating

Population @10%)

Septage Generation (at the rate of 120 Liters per capita per Annum as per BIS)

(in Kilo Liters/Day) Base Year

(2021)

Intermediate Year

(2036)

Ultimate Year

(2051)

Base Year

(2021)

Intermediate Year

(2036)

Ultimate Year (2051)

Package-1 1465 2686 3907 0.48 0.88 1.28

Package-2 1350 2500 4450 0.44 0.82 1.46

Package-3 2598 4348 6100 0.85 1.42 2.00

Total 5413 9534 14457 1.77 3.13 4.75 Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants

Septic tanks are proposed for both individual households and community-based septic

tanks (Error! Reference source not found.11). Collection of sewage and sullage from individual households will be by 110 mm dia uPVC pipes and conveyance will be through sewers laid on road to community septic tank (150 mm dia UPVC pipe). The location for proposed

Subproject Package

Projected Population for Septage Management (including Floating

Population @10%)

No. of required Septic tanks and Soak pits

Base Year (2021)


Ultimate Year (2051)

Base Year (2021) Ultimate Year (2051)

Banjarawala Package-1

1465 2686 3907 20 Users - 17 50 Users - 8 100 Users - 3

20 Users - 24 50 Users - 11 100 Users - 4

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community-based septic tanks and soak pit will be finalized during the detailed engineering design based on the results of topography survey and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during the service improvement plan (SIP) preparation by the contractor. Specific septic tank locations should be selected based on careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities. Septage from the septic tanks will be regularly removed using trunks/sewer suction machines. Treated and clarified effluent from the top of septic tank will be discharged into soak pits, which will be constructed with porous material and covered, that allow water slowly to percolate into the ground. Proposed FSSM concept is depicted in Figure 13A.

Septage generation rates vary widely from place to place depending on practices of septic tank use, number of users, water used for flushing, and the frequency of cleaning the septage. For estimation of septage flow, 1/3 volume of septic tank is estimated as septage for the treatment. The sludge removal will be through vacuum tankers, which is the most satisfactory method of sludge removal. Though desludging frequencies vary, it is generally recommended to de-sludge tanks once every two to three years, or when the tank becomes one third full. In this subproject area, once in a year sludge removal frequency is considered. Small scale vacuum sewer cleaning machines with 2,000 liter capacity will be used, which can easily access narrow roads. Desludging of septage from household pits/ septic tanks will be done through mobile tankers with suction and discharge arrangements that will be procured for the project, transported and discharge to STP to co-treat the septage within STP.

Figure 13: Septage Management Area and Rainwater Harvesting Structures


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Figure 13A: Proposed FSSM System Concept

G. Stormwater Drainage System

A total of 7 km storm water drains will be constructed alongside the roads in identified roads to facilitate smooth draining of storm water coming on the roads so that surface runoff generated during rainy season is properly collected, transported and discharged to the nearest water body (Bindal river). All the roadside drains shall be covered with precast RCC covers.

Drains will be constructed within RoW of public roads under the ownership of Dehradun

Nagar Nigam; it is proposed to be constructed on the secondary municipal roads where there are no involuntary resettlement impacts assessed. Construction of drains are part of the road reconstruction work, making the sides of road in slope to accommodate rain flowing down to the existing drainage systems. The drains will be constructed on roads that are under the ownership of DNN (Table 9). PMU, UIRUDP will obtain NOC from the Dehradun Nagar Nigam for the civil works prior to start of work and the same will be appended to the updated IEE. The stormwater drains will be constructed after laying of water supply and sewer pipelines.

Table 9: Summary of Stormwater Drains under Package 1

Sr. No.

Location Name Category of Road

Road Width (m)

Ownership of Land

NOC Status

1. Mothrowala Road Medium 5.0 Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Yet to be 0btained 2. Sanink Colony Medium 5.0

3 Nai basti Medium 5.0

4 Daudwala Colony Low 3.5 Source: Project Management Unit, UIRUDP and Design and Supervision Consultants

The discharge from stormwater drains is proposed at six (6) outfall locations (Table 10), for Banjarawala Package 1. Outfall structures shall be constructed at the end of storm water drains that discharge to nallah/river and major water body to reduce the velocity and prevent erosion. It shall be ensured that outfall structure invert level shall be above high blood level of the receiving water body. Storm water drains and outfall locations are shown in Google map (Figure 12) and also in layout maps in Figure 13.

The outfalls are proposed into Bindal river (Figure 12 and 13) The Bindal river inturn

joins River Ganga. For discharge of storm water and construction of outfall structures, UIRUDP will obtain approval or NOC from Department of Irrigation, Government of Uttarakhand. The NOCs will be appended to the updated IEE. Photographs of nalas (natural drains) is provided in Appendix 29.

Septic Tank

Houses /Toilets

Soak Pit

To STP via Mobile tankers

Effluent

Septage/sludge Percolation

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Table 10: Proposed Outfalls Under Banjarawala Package 1

Sr.No. Name of Drain/Nala/ Rivulet /River Canal*

Number of Drainage Outfall points

Ownership

1

Bindal River 06 Department of Irrigation, Government of Uttarakhand


Figure 14: Google Earth Map Showing Storm Water Drains and Outfall Locations of

Package 1


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Figure 15: Proposed Stormwater drains and Outfall map in Banjarawala package 1


H. Climate Adaptation Measures

Groundwater Recharge pits and Rainwater Harvesting Structures will be developed and installed in the project area. For Banjarawala Package 1, two rainwater harvesting structures have been proposed to be constructed, one at a public park on the Mothrowala road and other near the STP location at Daudwala (Figure 11 and 14) for which NOC has been obtained from from DNN. Table 11 summarizes the locations of rainwater harvesting structures.

A total of 10 groundwater recharge pits along the primary and secondary existing natural

drainage channels will be created. Locations of recharge pits will be updated based on DMS; 05 sq.m area is required for the recharge pits. UIRUDP will obtain NOCs from Dehradun Nagar Nigam and any other concern department for construction of groundwater recharge pits.

Table 11: Locations of Rainwater Harvesting Structures under Package 1


Sr. No.

Subzone * Location Area Required (m2)

Ownership of Land

Land use NOC Status

1. Zone -7 Near STP location

10 Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Barren land NOC obtained along STP

2. Zone -7 Near Firing range New

Basti

10 Barren land Process initiated, yet to be availed

OF-75-80 are the six outfalls in Banjarawala package 1

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Figure 16: Google Earth Map Showing Locations of Rainwater Harvesting Structures


I. SCADA and GIS System

GIS data of all the assets created under the subproject will be created. The three-dimensional position (x,y,z) of all point and line assets constructed under this subproject, including tube well, overhead tank, water pipe network, consumer connections, sewers, manholes, property chambers, house service connections, pumping station, STP, valves, pumps, and septic tanks will be surveyed. Nodes shall be created to clearly delineate different pipe sections in terms of material and diameter and to allow for future development of a hydraulic model in the GIS platform. Point and line data (i.e., the pipeline) will be consistent with the attributes of the existing Survey of India GIS and new attributes pertaining to non-survey data, e.g., pump make and model, images and/or plans will be added.

The GIS data will be linked to web-based interface/ dashboard to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for control and monitoring. SCADA presents the data as a viewable and controllable system on the screen of a computer. The data thus collected is stored and analysed for better real time process control. It assists plant operating personnel by monitoring and announcing abnormal conditions and failure of equipment and allows the operators to perform calculations based on the sensor inputs. Daily, weekly and monthly reports can be prepared using the stored data. A typical SCADA is shown in Figure 15.

Signals generated by various sensors and instruments are transmitted from the sensor to a control panel or computer system, which allows operators to inspect many process variables simultaneously. A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is electronic equipment that senses inputs and takes the decision to change outputs according to the set rules stored in the memory. Link systems with PLC are used for transmitting the signal, with which analogue signal is converted to digital signal and transmitted via coaxial cables or optical fibres.

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The GIS and SCADA will be developed in a compatible environment so that it is aligned

to city-wide CMMS. During operation and maintenance, the status of assets, inspection details and inventory etc will be managed through these linkages to CMMS. The GIS system will be providing real time information for CMMS on ever increasing consumer details.

Figure 17: Typical SCADA Communication Overview5

Source: Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization, Ministry of Urban Development of India

J. Proposed Subproject Components

Subprojects are proposed for implementation under Design-Build-Operate (DBO) modality, wherein which the successful bidder will design the water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage system and components (based on the feasibility / preliminary design / standards / guidelines provided in the bid document), construct, commission, and operate for 5 years, after which it will be transferred to Nagar Nigam. Therefore, at this stage, subproject is designed only in outline, and the details of components of the subproject provided in the table 12 below are as finalized at this stage based on the preliminary designs and as included in the bid documents. This IEE is based on the subprojects and components detailed in below and the

5 Source: Chapter 6, Part B Operation and Maintenance, Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems,

Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization, Ministry of Urban Development, India

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IEE will be further updated during the detailed design phase. Table 12 shows the nature and size of the various components of the Water supply, Sewerage and Storm water drainage system.

Table 12: Proposed Banjarwala Package 1 Subproject Components

Infrastructure Function Description Location

Water Supply

Tube Wells Abstract groundwater to supply drinking water in part of ward number85 (Mothrowala)

New : 1 nos. Drilling new tube well, fixing pipes, casing, pumping equipment Depth: 90-130 m Drilling hole: 445 mm diameter Submersible pumps

New : One deep tube well will be installed as water source at Nai Basti for DMA 7. The land is under the ownership DNN, no land will be acquired for the installation of tube wells. The identified plot is vacant land and free of any encumbrance. TW – 1500 lpm at Nai Basti, Mothorowala (Co-ordinates: 30o15’20.89”N and 78o01’55.28”E).

Overhead tanks (OHTs)

Store clear water for supply

New: 1 nos. 1000 kl at Nai Basti

The new OHT will be constructed at same location where the new tube wells is proposed to be constructed for DMA 7 (Nai Basti).

Pump houses To provide adequate pressure in water supply system to transmit water to overhead tanks for gravity supply Each tube well will be enclosed in the pumping station (PS) for protecting the equipment, piping, instrumentation and electrical panels from weathering and to have control over operation of tube well

New: 1 nos. Pump rooms with all mechanical and electrical equipment

At Nai Basti Tube Well location

The rising main

The rising main is proposed for transferring water from pumping station into Overhead tank

New Rising main length of 180m DI-K9 pipes with 150 mm diameter

Pipes will be laid underground.

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Chlorinator system

Post chlorination / disinfection of water prior to supply.

New: 1 nos. Groundwater from tube well will be collected in OHT and the disinfection treatment in form of chlorination unit will be provided at the outlet of the tube well prior to supply

Nai Basti Tube well location

Distribution network

To distribute water to consumers

New water supply networks : 28 km ductile iron pipe Class K7 (DI-K7) with diameter ranging from 100 mm to 350 mm

Pipes will be laid underground along the Row of public roads/streets covering the entire project area of the town; No AC pipes are in the existing system

Bulk Flow Water Meters

Monitor water flow in the improved network

New As per the requirement to be finalized during the detailed design

Fixed at strategic locations in network as per the design., bulk meters will be fixed with the pipe section

Consumer connection with Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

Provide water to consumers and measure water usage.

New Consumer connection with meters . 950 numbers water connections

Water delivery pipe (PE of dia 20-25mm) will be connected to distribution lines and meters will be attached to the delivery pipe at each house with a meter chamber. All properties will have dedicated house connections with individual AMR meters.

Establishment of Customer Service Centres (CSC), meter testing room, Office room and GIS infrastructure will be common for water supply & sewerage system

Customer Service Centers (CSC) including one Central Control Center (CCC) to facilitate receiving and resolving consumer requests in the areas of new connections, service deficiencies, resolution of billing disputes, payment of bills etc. Consumer relations and SCADA system control for entire water

New: Customer Service Centres (CSC) : - One CSC for ULB in project area of package 1 (Common for water supply and sewerage) Central Control Centre (CCC) : 1 nos.

Will be constructed on government owned lands/building

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supply and sewerage system

Sewerage

Sewage collection network including house connections

It has been proposed that sewage collected from Package 1 (part of municipal ward number 85) along with Package 2 and 3 will be carried to proposed sewerage treatment plant (STP) at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala. The wastewater collection system will mainly rely on gravity pipes and will discharge into the STP. The network will be of the conventional gravity collection type, starting from service connections to gravity sewers conveying the sewage to discharge into the trunk sewer leading to the STP

New A. Total 12 km sewer pipes 10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm . 2 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter B. 574 numbers Manholes (including 361 brick masonry circular manholes; 166 in-situ RCC circular manholes; and around 47 precast RCC manholes) C. House sewer Connections: around 900 household sewer connections will be also installed, which include around 600 connected to sewer system and 300 connected to community septic tanks by means of un-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipe stiffness(SN)4 of 110 mm or 160 mm outside diameter (OD).

Sewers will be laid underground in the roads and internal streets in the town. Sewers will be laid in the center of the road at a depth of 1 to 6m as per topography. The existing/proposed water pipes are/will be located on one or either side of the roads, and therefore sewers will be laid in the center without distributing the water pipes. In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method. The nominal diameter of the casing pipes would be kept sufficiently large to permit easy withdrawal of the carrier pipe. Based on the assessment of subsoil condition and traffic loads, Manholes will be installed along the sewer network. House connections will be provided through a chamber constructed inside the property line and another chamber outside the property line. Chambers are to be connected with manholes in the main sewer line below the roads.

Sewage Treatment Plant

Treatment of collected wastewater to meet stipulated discharge standards

New : 1 STP 11 MLD Capacity Components:

• SBR (sequential batch

Near Indrapuri Farm at Daudwala, in Mothrowala ward (30o14'48.75"N,78 o01'31.25"°E). A total land area of the STP is 1.19 ha owned by Nagar Nigam Dehradun. Proposed STP site is located

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reactor) based STP with primary, secondary, tertiary treatment

• Disinfection of treated wastewater for reuse

• chlorination tank

• sludge management (sludge collection, thickening, dewatering and disposal)

• Laboratory, and online testing facilities for BOD, COD, TSS etc.,)

• Instrumentation, automation, SCADA etc

close to Bindal river (about 67m). The identified land parcels (categorised as barren land) for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant are vacant, free of any encumbrance and not under any productive use. A government owned abandoned structure is there towards the west side of the plot (within khasra no 1926) which will be dismantled during construction,

Terminal Sewage Pumping Station (TSPS)

To convey the sewage to the STP by pumping water from receiving chamber. It is proposed to provide submersible pumps in wet well type pumping station.

New : 1 TSPS A TSPS will be installed within the STP premise.

Treated wastewater storage tank

Store the treated wastewater for reuse

It is proposed to reuse the treated effluent for various non-domestic purposes. A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the 375 Kl capacity treated effluent storage tank by gravity. The treated effluent storage reservoir (dimension: 10mx12.5x3m) is for storage of 10% of treated effluent of 11MLD STP capacity for 8 hours storage.

A storage tank of 375 Kl capacity for treated wastewater will be installed within the STP premise.

Outflow sewer

Surplus/excess treated effluent that is not put to reuse will be discharged through outflow sewer

Outflow sewer / effluent discharge pipe This will be designed during the detailed design phase

From STP outlet to nearby drainage channel (around 25m distance) along government owned vacant land. This drainage channel ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m in the downstream from the proposed STP location .

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Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) System

Truck mounted mobile desludging equipment

Desludging of septage from household pits/ septic tanks, transportation and discharge to STP to co-treat the septage within STP

Mobile tankers with suction and discharge arrangements – number of tankers to be procured will be estimated during the detailed design

A FSSM system has been proposed to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas of Banjarawala Package 1, e.g. Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. This facility is expected to cover a population of 1465 in the base year 2021, 2686 in the intermediate year 2036 and 3907 at the ultimate design year 2051 under Septage management for Banjarawala Package 1. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) comprising parts of municipal ward numbers 83, 84 and 85 will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is already equipped with septage co-treatment facility. The location for proposed community based septic tanks and soak pits will be decided during the detailed engineering design based on the results of topography surveys and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during SIP by the contractor. Septic tank design and locations should be selected based on careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities

Septic tanks Septic tanks are proposed for individual households for 5 and 10 users. Community-based septic tanks are proposed for 20/50/100 households.

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Storm Water Drainage System

Storm Water Drainage System

Storm water drains will be constructed to facilitate smooth draining of storm water coming on the roads so that surface runoff generated during rainy season is properly collected, transported and discharged to the nearest water body (river). Outfall structures shall be constructed at the end of storm water drains that discharge to nallah (a small stream/river) and major water body to reduce the velocity and prevent erosion.

New

• A total of 7 km storm water drains with precast RCC covers.

• Six (6) outfalls structures

Storm water drains will be constructed on both sides of the existing roads. Drains will be constructed within RoW of public roads under the ownership of Nagar Nigam; it is proposed to be constructed on the secondary municipal roads at locations : Mothrowala Road, Sanink Colony, Nai basti and Daudwala Colony)

The outfalls are proposed into Bindal river. The Bindal river inturn joins River Ganga

Groundwater Recharge pits and Rainwater Harvesting Structures

Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in sub-surface aquifers, before it is lost as surface run-off. The augmented resource can be harvested in the time of need. Water collected from the rainwater harvesting structures shall be used for non-potable purposes such as in toilet flushing, gardening, etc.. Artificial recharge is substantially beneficial, as this will help store the surplus

New: Two Rainwater harvesting structures (Area required: 10 m2) Design will adopt principles and guidelines from good practice sourcebooks from the Water Sanitation and Hygiene Institute (WASH) and the African Development Bank.6 10 groundwater recharge pits (Area required: 5 m2)

Two rainwater harvesting structures have been proposed to be constructed, one at a public park on the Mothrowala road and other near the Daudwala STP location Ten (10) groundwater recharge pits will be constructed along the primary and secondary existing natural drainage channels under the ownership of DNN and 05 sq.m area is required for the recharge pits

6 WASH Institute’s A Practical Guide on Roof top Rain Water Harvesting, and the African Development Bank’s

Assessment of Best Practises and Experience in Water Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting Handbook.

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rainwater in the form of ground water and in turn arrest the decline of water level and degradation of the quality. All the same it is ecofriendly.

K. Subproject Benefits

The citizens ward number 85 (Mothrowala) of Zone 7 within Nagar Nigam Dehradun will be the major beneficiaries of the improved water supply and sewerage systems. The subproject is primarily designed to improve environmental quality and living conditions of service area through provision of water supply, sewerage and drainage system. The benefits arising from this subproject include: (i) increased availability of potable water at appropriate pressure to all households including urban poor; (ii) reduced time and costs in accessing alternative sources of water. (iii) better public health particularly reduction in waterborne and infectious diseases; (iv) reduced risk of groundwater contamination; (v) reduced risk of contamination of treated water supplies; and, (vi) improvement in quality of water bodies due to disposal of treated effluent meeting disposal standards. Improved sewerage and drainage systems will also significantly reduce the incidence of waste water accumulation in the subproject area and hence reduce health risks to the citizens and improve the visual quality and landscape character of the area. The successful implementation of the water supply project will result in better control over the NRW management, improved monitoring system and overall demand management along with energy reduction.

L. Energy Efficiency Measures included in the Sub-project

The subprojects in the project areas of Dehradun are designed with utmost consideration to energy efficiency. Gravity flow systems have been adopted.

To make the project energy efficient, as part of this project, energy efficiency measures are required to be included in the design of the projects. Accordingly, energy efficiency measures are being considered and incorporated into the subproject designs where appropriate. Energy efficient, high performance motors and transformers shall be provided for optimum utilization of energy during construction and operation of the project.

Component of luminaries shall be ‘energy efficient low loss’ type. Low power consuming CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) /LED (Light-emitting Diode) type of luminaries shall be used for office/ all indoor areas except pump house area. HPSV or HPMV luminaries shall be used for pump house area and other outdoor areas. Street/ area lighting shall be of LED type and controlled by time switch/ photocell for automatic switching of luminaries. Solar type streetlights shall be installed where feasible in the project. Specification of solar lighting shall be as per Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Fixtures shall be energy efficient and ballast shall be electronic low loss type.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) has been proposed for entire system of sewerage works. SCADA shall support and include a multi-level real-time auditing and advising of energy optimization process and Real-time process performance software. The key

38


benefits of a performance auditing system would be a more energy efficient plant, improved reliability and safety, and increased profitability.

M. Implementation Schedule

After the completion feasibility study /preliminary designs, bids will be invited in June 2021 for the subprojects to be implemented under the DBO (design-build-operate) modality. Bids will be awarded in December 2021. Successful bidder then will carry out detailed designs and construction is will take about 42 months after the award of works. After completion of construction and commissioning, scheme will be operated by DBO contractor for 5 years, and after which the operation and maintenance will be carried out by Nagar Nigam Dehradun.

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III. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The subproject of establishing water supply, sanitation and storm water drainage systems is located in southern part of newly expanded Dehradun, Zone 7 which consists of Kedarpur, Banjarawala and Mothrowala wards. This subproject is divided into three work packages based on topography and hydrology.

. This subproject covers Package 1 comprising part of ward 85 (Mothorowala) and the

main components of subproject are water, sanitation and drainage systems The ADB SPS requires an analysis of project alternatives to determine the best method of achieving project objectives (collecting and disposing the human waste generated, in Package 1 in Banjarwala at Dehradun town) while minimizing environmental impacts. Alternative analysis provides opportunity to integrate environmental considerations into early stages of project (i.e. pre-feasibility or feasibility study), so that adverse environmental impacts can be avoided or minimized by various alternatives. It also provides opportunity to study various options vis a vis costs, provides a logical base, via transparent process, assist in decision making, gaining public support and ultimately in project approvals and timely implementation.

The proposed water supply subproject components in Package 1 include source augmentation to provide adequate water, water conveyance, treatment, storage and distribution. Similarly, the sewerage component includes sewage collection network, transmission, treatment and treated wastewater reuse and disposal. Descriptions of various alternatives considered for critical components such as water source, sewage treatment, treated wastewater disposal etc. are presented in the following Table 13.

Table 13: Analysis of Alternatives

1. Project Need – No Project Alternative

Type of alternative

‘No project’ / ‘with project’ alternative

Description of alternatives

No project alternative The subproject area, comprising of part of municipal ward number 85 (Mothorowala) is located in Zone 7 of southern part of newly expanded Dehradun town The water supply system under this package is proposed in part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala). There is existing water supply in the ward number 85 (Mothrowala) area but its pipeline network (CI, GI and PVC) is more than 25 years old with the average supply level of around 110 lpcd for 4 to 6 hours per day, not meeting the performance standard. The source of existing water supply system is ground water which is being extracted through tube wells.The source of water supply (tube well) and the overhead reservoir are located in the planned package 2 area boundary. Since the water supply system is in deteriorating condition, new source and pipeline networks have been included in the scope of this project. Currently, there is no sewerage system provided in the subproject area, which is around 176 Hectare (Ha) comprising of pat of municipal ward no. 85 .In most of the areas, sewage from the individual septic tanks exit/seep/flow/overflow directly into the nearby storm water drains. Effluent from septic tanks is also being discharged into the road side drains. Open defecation is not uncommon. There are no soak pits, and the effluent discharge into open drains. The untreated / partially treated sewage flow in the open drains through habitation areas and discharged into rivers/streams.

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Presently there is no proper storm water drainage system. To make matters worse, sewage from the septic tanks constructed as part of individual houses is flowing into these drains and some of the major nalas passing through this sub project area are in dilapidated condition and are choked by garbage and debris Living conditions due to absence of proper water supply, sewerage and drainage systems, are poor, unhealthy, unhygienic. Lack of infrastructure is also causing environmental pollution, overall poor quality of life. Poor environmental quality affects the urban poor more. The project intends to provide following benefits to the people residing in the subproject area, and the “no project” alternative will deprive people of these benefits:

• increased availability of potable water at appropriate pressure to all households including urban poor;

• reduced time and costs in accessing alternative sources of water.

• better public health particularly reduction in waterborne and infectious diseases;

• reduced risk of groundwater contamination through appropriate sewer collection and treatment;

• reduced risk of contamination of treated water supplies; and,

• improvement in quality of water bodies due to disposal of treated effluent meeting disposal standards

• newly constructed drainage systems will cater to not only runoff from roads but also the runoff of complete catchment area, which is causing flooding and overflow in the current scenario

With project alternative The proposed subprojects will support the ongoing efforts of the Government of Uttarakhand towards improving water supply and sewerage systems. Since the existing water supply system is insufficient to accommodate growing population in the area, the proposed water supply subproject include source augmentation to provide adequate water, water conveyance, treatment, storage and distribution .Construction of new source (Tube well), OHT and water supply pipeline networks have been included in the scope of this water supply sub-project. The project will also expand the sewerage network, construct new wastewater treatment plant, improve fecal sludge and septage management (FSSM), and decentralized waste water management systems in the project area. Storm water drainage systems in the project area will also improve. The project is expected to increase operational efficiency, improve service delivery, and result in a positive impact on health and quality of life for the residents of project towns. . With the implementation of the proposed subproject, people will have convenient access to reliable and adequate safe and potable water supply, improved drainage and sewerage system. The sewerage system will remove the human waste from their homes safely and quickly As a result, good hygiene and sanitation practices will be promoted and there will be reduced health and safety risks. Similarly, the proposed water supply subproject is expected to increase operational efficiency, improve service delivery, and result in a positive impact on health and quality of life for the residents of project area. The successful implementation of the water supply project will result in better control over the NRW management, improved monitoring system and overall demand management along with energy reduction.

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Storm water drains will facilitate smooth draining of storm water coming on the roads so that surface runoff generated during rainy season is properly collected, transported and discharged to the nearest water body (Bindal river). Overall, the ‘with project alternative’ will bring about improved public health and living environment that will contribute to improved quality of life in the municipality. Improved sanitation and water supply system will create an enabling environment for local economic development and improved social services that communities within the sphere of influence of the municipality will benefit from; thus, contributing to the overall economic development of the region.

Selected Alternative

“Without” subprojects would yield the town to be continuously under-serviced that puts the health of the general public at an increasing risk and could potentially worsen the living environment. This ‘no project’ scenario would impede further social and economic development of the district and the defer commitments to improve the proportion of the population with sustainable access to clean water and basic sanitation. Given the large-scale benefits to the population and environment, ‘With Project’ alternative is considered appropriate

2 Alternative source of water

Type of alternative

‘Water source’


• Groundwater.

• Surface water.

• Combined ground and surface source

Presently, the water supply of Dehradun is dependent on tube wells and mini tube wells yielding 142 MLD and surface water to the extent of 36 MLD. The existing water supply system in Dehradun city, which is more than 30 years old, consists of three sub systems viz. North zone, South zone and Pithuwala zone. The North zone is supplied mostly with surface water sources, and south (where subproject is located) and Pithuwala zones are supplied with ground water from tube wells located at various places in the city. All water supply scheme of the city is implemented by Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam (UPJN) and maintained by Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS). There are about 140 tube wells in the urban area of Dehradun city and these tube wells are being used for the drinking water supply to the residents of Dehradun. In addition to the tube wells, the surface sources of drinking water are Bandal River, Massi and Sikar water falls. The water from the above surface water sources is being brought through gravity pipelines to the Water Treatment Plants at Shanshahi Ashram (14 MLD), and Dilaram Bazar (21 MLD). Surface based Piped water supply is very unevenly distributed among different user groups, geographical areas and times of the year. The Government of Uttarakhand (GoU) aims at improving the drinking water supply status in terms of quantity and quality, as well as in identifying the need to develop and utilize its groundwater resource to the best extent. Accordingly, the GoU has launched its Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (UUSDIP), partly financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which includes a phased

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scheme for developing the basic infrastructure facilities in its major urban centres including its capital, Dehradun. As part of this process, GoU has planned to augment the water supply system of Dehradun through installation of new groundwater sources through a sustainable scheme. During enquiry from various organizations including UPJN/UJS, it was informed that the ground water table at southern part of Dehradun is good and depletion is not a cause of concern as the annual recharging is adequate..


Selected source : Groundwater as no other sources were considered One new deep tube wells will be installed as water source with 1500 liters per minute (lpm) capacities along with one over-head tanks with 1000 KL capacity. Based on the projection of population increase the water demand of the area is estimated as 0.76 MLD, 1.40 MLD & 2.03 MLD of water demand during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively. The water supply service area of Package 1 falls in the Raipur block of Dehradun district which is categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB and leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. Groundwater quality is fit for drinking; therefore, only disinfection is proposed prior to supply. Groundwater from tube well will be collected in one newly constructed OHT and the disinfection treatment in form of chlorination unit will be provided at the outlet of the tube well. The Ground Water Depth, in the southern most part where the subproject is proposed ranges between 5 and 10 mbgl (metre below ground level). During the interaction with officials at Jal Sansthan, it was understood that the average depth of these wells ranges between 70 and 120 m and the average yield is about 1500 litres per minute (LPM). The average diameter of tube wells constructed by Jal Sansthan is 8 – 10 inches. As per the available information, the cumulative discharge of the above tube wells is 185 million liters per day (MLD). A hydrogeological investigation was carried out for constructing a tube well for the Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) at Dudhli (Location: N-300 13′ 00", E-780 02′ 46", Height: 542 m above mean sea level). This site is about 3 km from proposed tube well location of Package 1 at Nai Basti. The investigation report shows that Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition. Water levels are generally in the range of 45 to 50 m (Pre monsoon) below ground level in the area. Groundwater development in and around the study area is moderately low. The aquifers are composed mainly of sand, gravel and boulder. Main aquifer (water bearing layer is in the depth range of 72 to 87 m and one saturated water bearing layer is expected between 100 to 120 m below ground level. It has been suggested that drilling may be carried out down to a depth of 120 m below ground level. A 305 mm (12" dia) pipe assembly may be lowered down to a drilled depth. The tube well constructed to the recommended depth will give a sustainable discharge of about 800 to 1000 (lpm) liters per minutes for a moderate drawdown. Ground water quality in the area is reported chemically suitable for drinking purposes Therefore, Groundwater as a sustainable source was considered by the UUSDA.

3 Sewage treatment process

Type of alternative

Sewage treatment technology

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Various secondary treatment technologies have been considered in the sewage treatment process after the primary treatment consisting of screening and grit removal. Secondary treatment is the critical process that removes the organic putrescible organic matters and brings down the BOD of the effluent to meet the discharge standards. Following process technologies considered: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Aerated Lagoons; Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASBR) + FAL; Conventional Activated Sludge Process; and Cyclic Activated Sludge Process/Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) A comparison of various treatment technologies is presented below in terms of merits of the process over key parameters like quality characteristics and land requirement. Different available technology options are also shown in Figure 16.

Item Conventional Activated Sludge

Extended Aeration

UASB followed by Facultative Aerobic Lagoon

Cyclic Activated Sludge Process / SBR

Performance (Typical)

Mostly stable

Mostly stable

Varying with temperature variations

Complete Stable

BOD <30 ppm <30 ppm <30 ppm <10 ppm

COD <250 ppm <250 ppm <250 ppm <100 ppm

Suspended solids

<50 ppm <50 ppm <100 ppm <10 ppm

Total Nitrogen No Treatment

No Treatment

No Treatment

<10 ppm

Total Phosphorous

No Treatment

No Treatment

No Treatment

<2 ppm

Coliform removal, %

60-90 60-90 - 99.99%

Re-use Options can only be used for low end usages like flushing and gardening tertiary treatment required for high and usages like construction water, industrial usages, cooling water etc.

can only be used for low end usages like flushing and gardening tertiary treatment required for high and usages like construction water, industrial usages, cooling water etc.

can only be used for low end usages like flushing and gardening tertiary treatment required for high and usages like construction water, industrial usages, cooling water etc.

Can be used for low end usages as well as for high end usages without any tertiary treatment.

Land requirement (m2/person)

0.1-0.18 0.08-0.15 0.2-0.25 0.035-0.07

Process Power requirement (kWh/person/year)

12-15 16-19 4-5 6-8

Sludge handling Sludge needs digestion prior to drying on beds or use

Digested sludge, dry on beds or use mech. devices

Digested sludge, dry on beds or use mech. Devices

Digested sludge, dry on beds or use mech. devices

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mech. devices

Equipment requirement (excluding screening and grit removal)

Aerators, recycle pumps, scrapers, thickeners, digester, dryers, gas equipment

Aerators, recycle pumps, sludge scrapers, (for large settlers)

Nil (gas collection optional)

Diffuse aeration system, recycle sludge and waste sludge pumps, decanters

Operational characteristics

Skilled Operation required

Simpler than activated sludge

Simpler than activated sludge

Complete automatic operation by computer and PLC. Negligible manpower Intervention required

Special features Considerable equipment and skilled operation required especially if gas collection and usage involved. Method considered mainly for large sized plants

BOD removal high, effluent nitrified relatively high-power requirement, favoured for small and medium sized plants

Minimal to negligible power requirement of the system makes it an economical alternative if gas revenue is neglected land requirement is also relatively small but depends on type of past treatment adopted

Highest treatment efficiency with crystal quality power requirement is 50% of conventional technologies land requirement is less than 50% of conventional technologies

Figure 18: Different Technology Options for Sewage Treatment Process

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Selected process: Sequential batch reactor (SBR) The genesis of selecting a suitable treatment process is primarily correlated with degree of treatment aimed to be achieved. In India, the latest court Order of April 2019 (NGT Order dated 30-04-2019) mandates all the civic authorities to adopt the treated sewage characteristics applicable are as shown below:

Parameter Parameters Limit

pH 5.5 – 9.0

BOD Not more than 10 mg/l

TSS Not more than 20 mg/l

COD Not more than 50 mg/l

Nitrogen-Total Not more than 10 mg/l

Phosphorus- Total, for discharge into ponds/lakes

Not more than 1.0 mg/l

Fecal Coliform (MPN/ 100 ml) Desirable -Less than100 PN/100ml Permissible – 230 MPN/100ml

SBR provides highest treatment efficiency possible in a single step biological process. The system is operated in a batch reactor mode this eliminates all the inefficiencies of the continuous processes. A batch reactor is a perfect reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Separate modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment. The complete process takes place in a single reactor, within which all biological treatment steps take place sequence. The complete biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5-hour duration, during which all treatment steps take place.

3 Treated wastewater disposal

Type of alternative

Treated wastewater disposal – reuse applications


(i) Discharge of treated wastewater into water bodies / on land (ii) Reuse the treated wastewater in non-potable uses It is proposed to reuse the treated effluent for various non-domestic purposes. A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the 375 Kl capacity treated effluent storage tank by gravity. The treated effluent can be used for gardening, cleaning, firefighting, sewer manholes flushing and other purposes within plant premises. The excess / surplus treated effluent from STP that is not reused will be discharged into the adjoining drainage channel (25m distance) through a pipeline along the government owned vacant land and necessary facilities like pipelines and pumping requirements, will be developed. The drain mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water This drainage channel ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m in the downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m). In order to safeguard the interest of users of treated effluent, it is proposed to apply technology/process to achieve very low biological oxygen demand (BOD) - BOD10, and suspended solids (SS) in the treated effluent. The treated effluent reuse plan shall be developed and implemented by the contractor in consultation with the Nagar Nigam authorities.


Reuse in non-potable applications and discharge excess/surplus treated effluent in Bindal river through a drainage channel.

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5 Project Locations


Location of Deep Tube well Pumping Stations and OHT : Location selection is guided by technical feasibility, and easy approach. The locations will be fine-tuned during the detailed design following the detailed site surveys and investigations. One of the main criteria is to locate tube well where there is adequate / proposed yield is available till ultimate design period. One tube well will be installed at same location where the new OHT will be constructed at Nai Basti and land is under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN). The tube well and OHT are proposed on vacant Government land free from of any encumbrances Location of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP): The site selection for STP (including TSPS in the same premises) is mainly guided by technical feasibility, availability of suitable and adequate Government land. The location of STP within a service area is based primarily on topographic considerations and the need to provide for future development. STP site is selected with proper consideration given to the availability of land and required utilities such as electric power, potable water, fire protection and telephone service. As per the topography and availability of land, the STP site is proposed at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala area in Mothrowala ward on Government owned barren land. There exists some households (scattered) near to the proposed STP boundary (mostly <50m distance). Nearest sensitive receptor, a house (SSW direction) is located at 18m distance from the STP boundary. .Given the very limited land availability in urban/semi-urban areas of Dehadhun, that too of government owned lands, locating STP ideally about 500m away from the residential areas/houses is not practical. However, the most odorous units such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge management areas are proposed to be kept away from the nearby houses in the preliminary design. The originally proposed location of the Daudwala STP was located about 450m downstream from the current path of the Bindal River and was at high flood risk. Moreover the land was categorized as River land as per record of Land Revenue Department. The site was rejected as according to ADB SPS construction on river land and diversion of any active water course is not allowed. However, an alternative site was secured at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala, which is set back around 67 m from the river with the STP components in a better location for flood risk. Historic Google Earth imagery indicates the has been found shifting its course and the proposed location of the STP is on the edge of formally active functional floodplain, therefore, detailed design must provide adequate flood protection measures. The two identified land parcels are categorised as barren land (Khasra nos. 1926 and 1927) for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant while another vacant land parcel categorised as river land (Khasra no 2050) will be left as it is and no construction work will be carried out in that river land parcel. One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony), is passing through the STP land parcels. It is suggested to keep the natural drainage channel undisturbed and allow it to flow in its own natural course. Accordingly STP has been planned to limit all the components to one side of the drain/stream. This will be finalised during the detailed design phase and requirement of cross-drainage works will be developed. This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. It ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a

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higher ground level (about 3m). Since the subproject does not obstruct the flow of the drain, the water (or wastewater) being carried through it will anyway reach Bindal river. After implementation of the project, wastewater from the nearby areas will cease to flow in the drain. The Excess / surplus of treated effluent from STP will be discharged in the adjoining drainage channel. The boundary of one designated Protected area (Rajaji National Park) is at a distance of 480 meter from the STP site and Lachhhiwal forest is about 420m on the eastern side of the STP location. As per the Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) boundary of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 20187 no project components of Banjarawala Package 1 falls within the boundary of eco-sensitive zone The proposed STP site is about 210 m from Eco-sensitive zone boundary . No project components are falling within these Protected, ESZ and forest areas. Therefore, there is no direct risks or impacts on biodiversity and natural resources. The proposed STP site is identified based on the technical suitability and availability of government owned land parcels to avoid land acquisition. Water distribution and sewer lines. Sewer and water supply pipes will be laid underground and are proposed along the roads/streets in the town within the road right of way (ROW). While water pipes (1m depth) are/will be located on one or either side of the roads, the sewers will be laid (1 to 6m depth) in the middle of the road to avoid disturbing the water pipes. In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method. The nominal diameter of the casing pipes would be kept sufficiently large to permit easy withdrawal of the carrier pipe. There are no eco-sensitive or protected areas within the proposed project activity areas. No wildlife is also reported in the project town. During water supply and sewer pipe laying works tree cutting is not envisaged as per design. Storm water drains with pre cast RCC covers will be constructed within RoW of public roads under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam; it is proposed to be constructed on the secondary municipal roads where there are no involuntary resettlement impacts assessed. The stormwater drains will be constructed after laying of water supply and sewer pipelines. The discharge from stormwater drains is proposed at 06 outfall locations for Banjarawala Package 1. The outfalls are proposed into Bindal river. The Bindal river in turn joins River Ganga Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) System. FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas of Banjarawala Package 1 e.g. Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. This facility is expected to cover a population of 1465 in the base year 2021, 2686 in the intermediate year 2036 and 3907 at the ultimate design year 2051 under Septage management for Banjarawala Package 1. .The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) comprising parts of municipal ward numbers 83, 84 and 85) will be transported to existing 68 MLD Kargi STP which is equipped with septage co-treatment facility. At present, the Kargi STP is under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design

7 http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/rajaji-1.pdf

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capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). The location for proposed community based septic tanks and soak pit will be decided during the detailed engineering design based on the results of topography surveys and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during SIP by the contractor. Septic tank design and locations should be selected based on careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities Groundwater Recharge pits and Rainwater Harvesting Structures. In Banjarawala Package 1 a total of 10 groundwater recharge pits along the primary and secondary existing natural drainage channels will be created and 05 sq.m areas is required for each recharge pits. Two Rainwater harvesting structures have been proposed to be constructed, one at a public park on the Mothrowala road and other near the Daudwala STP location.

IV. POLICY LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009

ADB SPS requires that during the design, construction and operation of the project necessary compliance to all applicable laws and international conventions / treaties along with pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, are ensured.

Screening and Categorization with that of ADB SPS 2009. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required.

(x) (ii) Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse

environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

(iii) Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

(iv) Category FI. A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through a FI.

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The environmental impacts of Banjarawala Package 1 subproject of water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage systems have been identified and assessed as part of the planning and design process. An environmental assessment using ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklists for Water supply and Sewerage systems (Appendix 1 & 2) were conducted, and results of the assessments shows that the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. Thus, this IEE has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment Category B projects.

Environmental Management Plan. An EMP which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the Project’s impact and risks. The EMP shall include the proposed mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, emergency response procedures, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators.

Environmental Audit of Existing Facilities. ADB SPS requires that relevant external experts perform an environmental audit, if a subproject involves facilities and/or business activities that already exist or are under construction, ito determine the existence of any areas where such project may cause or is causing environmental risks or impacts and identify and plan appropriate measures to address outstanding environmental issues. If the project does not foresee any new major expansion, the audit constitutes the environmental assessment for the project. and to identify and plan appropriate measures to address outstanding compliance issues.

Public Disclosure. The IEE will be put in an accessible place (e.g., local government offices, libraries, community centers, etc.), and a summary translated into local language for the project affected people and other stakeholders. The following safeguard documents will be put up in ADB’s website so that the affected people, other stakeholders, and the public can provide meaningful inputs into the project design and implementation:

(i) Final or updated IEE upon receipt; and (ii) Environmental monitoring reports submitted by the Project Management (iii) Unit (PMU) during project implementation upon receipt.

Consultation and Participation. ADB SPS requires borrower to conduct meaningful consultation8 with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.

Grievance Redress Mechanism. ADB SPS requires borrowers to establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and

8 Per ADB SPS, 2009, meaningful consultation means a process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage

and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle;1 (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues

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grievances about the subproject’s performance. The grievance mechanism shall be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the subproject.

Monitoring and Reporting. Borrower shall monitor measure and document the implementation progress of the EMP. If necessary, the borrower shall identify the necessary corrective actions, and reflect them in a corrective action plan. Borrower shall prepare and submit to ADB semi-annual environmental monitoring reports that describe progress with implementation of the EMP and compliance issues and corrective actions, if any. For subprojects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts during operation, reporting will continue at the minimum on an annual basis until ADB issues a project completion report.

Unanticipated Environmental Impacts. Where unanticipated environmental impacts become apparent during subproject implementation, ADB SPS requires the borrower to update the environmental assessment and EMP or prepare a new environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts, evaluate the alternatives, and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts.

Occupational Health and Safety. ADB SPS requires the borrower9 to ensure that workers10 are provided with a safe and healthy working environment, taking into account risks inherent to the sector and specific classes of hazards in the subproject work areas, including physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. Borrower shall take steps to prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring during the course of work, including: (i) identifying and minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of potential hazards to workers; (ii) providing preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances; (iii) providing appropriate equipment to minimize risks and requiring and enforcing its use; (iv) training workers and providing them with appropriate incentives to use and comply with health and safety procedures and protective equipment; (v) documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; and (vi) having emergency prevention, preparedness, and response arrangements in place.

Community Health and Safety. ADB SPS requires the borrower to identify and assess

risks to, and potential impacts on, the safety of affected communities during the design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of the subproject, and shall establish preventive measures and plans to address them in a manner commensurate with the identified risks and impacts. The borrower shall ensure to apply preventive and protective measures for both occupational and community health and safety consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. PMU shall also adhere to necessary protocols in response to emerging infectious diseases such as the corona virus disease (COVID-19) consistent with the guidelines of relevant government healthcare agencies and the World Health Organization.

Physical Cultural Resources. Borrower is responsible for siting and designing the subproject to avoid significant damage to physical cultural resources. ADB SPS requires that such resources likely to be affected by the subproject are identified, and qualified and

9In case where responsibility is delegated to subproject contractors during construction phase, borrower shall ensure

that the responsibilities on occupational health and safety are included in the contract documents 10 Including non-employee workers engaged by the borrower/client through contractors or other intermediaries to

work on project sites or perform work directly related to the project’s core functions.

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experienced experts assess the subproject’s potential impacts on these resources using field-based surveys as an integral part of the environmental assessment process. When the proposed location of a subproject component is in areas where physical cultural resources are expected to be found as determined during the environmental assessment process, chance finds procedures shall be included in the EMP.

ADB SPS International Best Practice Requirements. ADB SPS requires that, during the design, construction, and operation of the project, the executing agency shall apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices that are consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. (IFC’s General EHS Guidelines11 and Sector Specific (Water and Sanitation) Guidelines12). These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When Government of India regulations differ from these levels and measures, the PMU and PIUs will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the PMU and PIUs will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS.

Bidding and Contract Documents. This IEE report, which contains the EMP, shall be

included in bidding and contract documents and verified by PMU. The PMU shall also ensure that bidding and contract documents include specific provisions requiring contractors to (i) comply with all other conditions required by ADB,21 and (ii) to submit to PMU, for review and approval, a site specific environmental management plan (SEMP), including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per EMP; and (iv) budget for SEMP implementation, among others as may be required. No works can commence prior to approval of SEMP. A copy of the EMP and/or approved SEMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in the EMP and/or SEMP constitutes a failure in compliance and shall require corrective actions.

Conditions for Award of Contract and Commencement of Work. PMU shall not award any works contract under the subproject until (i) relevant provisions from the EMP are incorporated into the works contract; (ii) this IEE report is updated to reflect subproject’s final detailed design and PMU has obtained ADB’s clearance of such updated IEE report; and (iii) other necessary permits from relevant government agencies have been obtained. For “design, build, and operate” type contracts, PMU shall ensure no works for a subproject which involves environmental impacts shall commence until (i) relevant provisions from the EMP are incorporated into the works contract; and (ii) this IEE report is updated to reflect subproject’s detailed design and PMU has obtained ADB’s clearance for such updated IEE.

11 World Bank Group, 2007. Environmental, Health and Safety General Guidelines, Washington, DC. 12 World Bank Group, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Water and Sanitation, Washington, DC.

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B. National and State Laws

The implementation of the subprojects will be governed by Government of India and State of Uttarakhand and other applicable environmental acts, rules, regulations, and standards. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize or mitigate likely impacts on the environment. It is the responsibility of the project executing and implementing agencies to ensure subprojects are consistent with the legal framework, whether applicable international, national, state or municipal or local. Key standards include those related to drinking water quality, air quality, effluent discharge, and protected areas. Compliance is required in all stages of the subprojects including design, construction, and operation and maintenance.

Environmental assessment. The Government of India EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994) sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

None of the components of this sewerage system subproject falls under the ambit of the EIA Notification 2006, and therefore EIA Study or environmental clearance (EC) is not required for the subproject.

Applicable environmental regulations. Besides EIA Notification 2006, there are various other acts, rules, policies and regulations currently in force in India that deal with environmental issues that could apply to infrastructure development. The specific regulatory compliance requirements of the subproject are shown in Table 14.

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Table 14: Applicable Environmental Regulations

Law Description Requirement Relevance to Project Phase

EIA Notification Projects indicated in the schedule of this notification requires EIA study and environmental clearance.

None of the components of this subproject falls under the ambit of the notification; no EIA study or environmental clearance required.

-

National Environment Policy (NEP), 2006

NEP is a comprehensive guiding document in India for all environmental conservation programs and legislations by Central, State and Local Government. The dominant theme of this policy is to promote betterment of livelihoods without compromising or degrading the environmental resources. The policy also advocates collaboration method of different stakeholders to harness potential resources and strengthen environmental management.

UUDP should adhere to NEP conservation of environmental resources and abatement of pollution.

All phases of project

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, Rules of 1975, and amendments (1987)

Act was enacted to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water, by Central and State Pollution Control Boards and for conferring on and assigning to CPCB/SPCBs powers and functions relating to water pollution control. Control of water pollution is achieved through administering conditions imposed in consent issued under provision of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974. These conditions regulate the quantity and quantity of effluent, the location of discharge and the frequency of monitoring of effluents. Any component of the subproject having the potential to generate sewage or trade effluent will come under its purview. Such projects have to obtain Consent to establish (CTE) under Section 25 of the Act from Uttrakhand Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) before starting implementation and Consent to Operate (CTO) before commissioning.

Proposed STP will require CTE (prior to start of construction works) and CTO (prior to start of operation) from Uttrakhand Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) All relevant forms, prescribed fees and procedures to obtain the CTE and CTO can be found in the UEPPCB website. (http://ueppcb.uk.gov.in)

Operation

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, Rules of 1982 and amendments.

This Act was enacted to achieve prevention, control and abatement of air pollution activities by assigning regulatory powers to Central and State boards for all such functions. The Act also establishes ambient air quality standards. The projects having potential to emit air pollutants into the atmosphere have to obtain CFE and CFO under Section 21 of the Act from UEPPCB. The occupier of the project/facility has the

The following will require CFE and CFO from UEPPCB: (i) Diesel generators); (ii) Batching Plant hot mix plants; and (iii) stone crushers, if installed for construction.

Construction and operation

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responsibility to adopt necessary air pollution control measures for abating air pollution.

All relevant forms, prescribed fees and procedures to obtain the CFE and CFO can be found in the UEPPCB website (http://ueppcb.uk.gov.in) If ready mix concrete and hot mix bitumen is procured from third party, contractor to ensure that the plants, from where material is being purchased is having CTE/CTO and copy should be collected from third party and submitted in PIU

Ground Water (Regulation, Development and Management) Act 2005

An act to regulate and control the development and management of ground water and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Applicable for new tube wells Pre-construction

Biodiversity Act of 2002 This Act primarily addresses access to genetic resources and associated knowledge by foreign individuals, institutions or companies, to ensure equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of these resources and knowledge to the country and the people.

Not Applicable -

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and amendment 1991

This overarching Act provides protection to wild animals, birds, plants and matters connected with habitat protection, processes to declare protected areas, regulation of wildlife trade, constitution of state and national board for wildlife, zoo authority, tiger conservation authority, penalty clauses and other important regulations.

Not applicable – none of the project components are located within the boundaries of protected areas like Eco Sensitive Zone of Rajaji National Park and Lachhiwala Forest range .

Construction

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

The Forest (Conservation) Act prohibits the use of forest land for non-forest purposes without the approval of Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoE&CC), Government of India.

Not applicable; none of the components of the subproject are located in forest.

Construction

Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and

This is an “umbrella” legislation that empowers the Central Government to take all necessary measures to protect and improve the quality of the environment and prevent, control and

There are rules / notifications that have been brought out under this Act, which are


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the following rules/notifications:

abate environmental pollution. Empowers central government to enact various rules to regulate environmental pollution, including standards for quality of air, water, noise, soil; discharge standards or allowable concentration limits for environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, locating/prohibiting industries, etc.,

relevant to UUSDA, and are listed below

Environmental Standards (ambient and discharge).

Emissions and discharges from the facilities to be created or refurbished or augmented shall comply with the notified standards

Appendix 3 provides applicable standards for ambient air quality, emission limits and emission stack height requirements for diesel generators Appendix 4 provides STP discharge standards


Doon Valley Notification vide Notification number S.O 102 (E), dated 1st February 1989 and subsequent amendments under 3(2)(v) of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and Rule 5(3)(d) of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

MOEF&CC has imposed restrictions on restricting location of industries, mining operations and other development activities in the Doon Valley in erstwhile Uttar Pradesh (now Uttarakhand) keeping in view of the environmental impacts in the region. This notification states that “The obnoxious and hazardous industries are those using inflammable, explosive, corrosive or toxic substances. are prohibited”.

Not Applicable The proposed project do not have any usage of obnoxious or hazardous substances will be categorised as Green. Also, the sewerage treatment plant will overall improve the water quality of the surrounding area.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 amended up to 2010.

Rule 3 of the Act specifies ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones.

Appendix 5 provides applicable noise standards, and noise limits for diesel generators


Solid Waste Management Rules 2016

Responsibility of Solid Waste Generator: (i) segregate and store the waste generated in three separate streams namely bio-degradable, non- biodegradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per the direction or notification by the local

Contractor to follow all the rules during construction works


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authorities from time to time; (ii) store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016; (iii) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016

Every waste generator shall segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit at collection centre or handover it to the authorized processing facilities Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains Large generators (who generate more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per project in a month) shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate approvals from the local authority before starting construction or demolition or remodeling work, Large generators shall have environment management plan to address the likely environmental issues from construction, demolition, storage, transportation process and disposal / reuse of C and D Waste. Large generators shall segregate the waste into four streams such as concrete, soil, steel, wood and plastics, bricks and mortar, Large generators shall pay relevant charges for collection, transportation, processing and disposal as notified by the concerned authorities;

Construction waste shall be collected at stockpile area for 8-10 days and will be sent to disposal site. Disposal site shall be identified and allotted by Municipal Council after mobilization of contractor (during SIP period) and can’t be mentioned at this time. Contractor to follow all the rules during construction works. Sludge or any material if classified as hazardous waste / material is to be handled and disposed according to this Rules Excerpts from C and D Rules are provided in Appendix 6.

Construction

Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016,

Responsibilities of the occupier for management of hazardous and other wastes.- (1) For the management of hazardous and other wastes, an occupier shall follow the following steps, namely:- (a) prevention; (b) minimization; (c) reuse, (d) recycling; (e) recovery, utilization including co-processing; (f) safe disposal. (2) The occupier shall be responsible for safe and environmentally sound management of hazardous and other wastes. (3) The hazardous and other wastes generated in the establishment of an occupier shall be sent or sold to an authorized actual user or shall be disposed of in an authorized disposal facility. (4) The hazardous and other wastes shall be

Contractor to comply all the requirements of this Act, if there are any hazardous wastes are generated, handled or managed during construction and operation works. However, it is unlikely that it will involve any hazardous waste. Sludge generated from STP, if the incoming sewage mixes with industrial wastewater, there is a


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transported from an occupier’s establishment to an authorized actual user or to an authorized disposal facility in accordance with the provisions of these rules. (5) The occupier who intends to get its hazardous and other wastes treated and disposed of by the operator of a treatment, storage and disposal facility shall give to the operator of that facility, such specific information as may be needed for safe storage and disposal. (6) The occupier shall take all the steps while managing hazardous and other wastes to- 6 (a) contain contaminants and prevent accidents and limit their consequences on human beings and the environment; and (b) provide persons working in the site with appropriate training, equipment and the information necessary to ensure their safety.

possibility of STP sludge classified as hazardous waste. Proper measures will be included to avoid mixing of industrial wastewater into sewage.

Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017

The Rules specify activities which are harmful and prohibited in the wetlands such as industrialization, construction, dumping of untreated waste and effluents, and reclamation. The Central Government may permit any of the prohibited activities on the recommendation of Central Wetlands Regulatory Authority.

Not applicable as subprojects components are not located in or near to designated wetland area.

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010.

The Act designates areas within 100 meters (m) of the “protected monument/area” as “prohibited area” and beyond that up to 200 m as “regulated area” respectively. No “construction” is permitted in the “prohibited area” and any construction activity in the “regulated area” requires prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Not applicable - there are no protected monuments / places of archeological / historical places in or near the project areas of Dehradun In case of chance finds, the contractor/ PIU will be required to follow a protocol as defined in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Construction

The Building and Other Construction Workers (BOCW) Act 1996 and the Uttaranchal Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)

Labour Department, Government. of Uttarakhand adopted proactive approach and initiated necessary steps to implement the provisions of the BOCW Act through the Uttaranchal Building And Other Construction Workers (Regulation Of Employment And Conditions Of Service) Rules, 2005. Further, Uttarakhand Government constituted the Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board (Board) in October 2005 to carry out welfare schemes for construction workers. As

Contractors are required to follow all the provisions of BOCW Act. Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 (BOCW Act) and Building And Other Construction Workers’

Construction

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Rules, 2005. per the provision of the BOCW Act, Cess Act and Uttarakhand Rules, establishments which had employed on any day of the preceding twelve months, 10 or more building workers in any building or other construction work are required to pay cess at the rate of 1% of the total cost of construction incurred by an employer. The cess so collected is required to be spent for the welfare of building and other construction workers.

Welfare Cess Act, 1996 (Cess Act) was passed to address the concerns regarding safety, health & welfare of larger number of labour force employed in the building and other constructions sector.

Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970; The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979

Provides for welfare measures to be provided by the Contractor to contract labor and in case the Contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided by the Principal Employer by Law. The principal employer is required to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take a License from the designated Officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of principal employer if they employ 20 or more contract labor. The inter-state migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc.,

Applicable to all construction works in the project Principle employer (UUSDA) to obtain Certificate of Registration from Department of Labour, as principle employer Contractor to obtain license from designated labor officer Contractor shall register with Labor Department, if Inter-state migrant workmen are engaged Adequate and appropriate amenities and facilities shall be provided to workers including housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home and back, etc., Appendix 7 provides applicable labor laws including amendments issued from time to time applicable to establishments engaged in construction of civil works.


The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986

Prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes Employment of child labor is prohibited in building and construction Industry.

No child labour shall be employed


Minimum Wages Act, Minimum wages fixed by appropriate Government as per Applicable to all construction Construction and

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1948 provisions of the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Construction of buildings, roads and runways are scheduled employment.

works in the project All construction workers should be paid not less than the prescribed minimum wage

operation

Workmen Compensation Act, 1923

Provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment.

Compensation for workers in case of injury by accident


Equal Remuneration Act, 1979

Provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to male and female workers and not for making discrimination against female employees in the matters of transfers, training and promotions etc.

Equal wages for work of equal nature to male and female workers


The Indian Forest Amendment) Act ,2002

This Act makes the basis for declaration of Reserved Forests, constitution of village forest committees, management of reserved forests and penalties and procedures.

Not applicable; none of the components / pipeline alignment are in forest areas.

Construction

IS 11768: 1986/2005: Recommendations for disposal of asbestos waste material

The standard emphasis that every employer who undertakes work which is liable to generates asbestos containing waste, shall undertake adequate steps to prevent and /or reduce the generation of airborne dust during handling, storing,

The crux is waste avoidance: the practice inculcated should focus the on minimal waste generation. Waste Collection: In the project circumstance, the waste is referred to the damaged powered asbestos which will be collected in the Permissible plastic bags to be disposed to the nearest TSDF facilities.

Construction

International Conventions and Treaties

Ramsar Convention, 1971

The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international co-operation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. India is one of the signatories to the treaty. The Ramsar convention made it mandatory for the signatory countries to include wetland conservation in their national land use plans.

There are no Ramsar sites in or near project area. Not applicable to this project

-

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 1973

India is a signatory of this convention which aims to control international commercial trade in endangered species

Not applicable in this project as no endangered species of wild fauna and flora is found in project town.

-

Montreal Protocol 1992 India is a signatory of this convention which aims to reduction in the consumption and production of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), while recognizing differences in a nation’s responsibilities. Ozone depleting substances are divided in two groups Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydro chlorofluorocarbon carbons (HCFCs)

Not applicable in this project as no ODS are involved in construction works

-

Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, 1989

India is a signatory of this convention which aims to reduce trans-boundary movement and creation of hazardous wastes

Contractor to follow the provisions of Hazardous Waste Rules 2016 for storage, handling, transport and disposal of any hazardous waste emerged during construction works Under this Convention, asbestos or asbestos waste in the form of dust and fibers is classified as hazardous waste.

-

Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 1979 (Bonn convention)

CMS, also known as Bonn convention, was adopted in 1979 and entered into force on 1 November 1983, which recognizes that states must be the protectors of migratory species that live within or pass through their national jurisdictions, and aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their ranges. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix 8 of the Convention. CMS Parties strive towards strictly protecting these species, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Migratory species that need or would significantly benefit from international cooperation are listed in Appendix 8, and CMS encourages the Range States to conclude global or regional agreements.

Not applicable to this project as no migratory species of wild animals are reported in the project areas.

-

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Clearances / permissions to be obtained prior to start of construction. Table 15 shows the list of clearances/permissions required for project construction. This list is indicative, and the contractor should ascertain the requirements prior to start of the construction and obtain all necessary clearances/permission prior to start of construction.

Table 15: Clearances and Permissions required for Construction Activities

Sr. No

Construction Activity Statute under which Clearance is Required

Implementation

Supervision

1 Construction and Operation of new STP including discharge of treated effluents and disposal of sludge

Consent to establish (CTE) and consent to operate (CTO) under Water Act, 1974 from Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB)

PIU and DBO Contractor

PMU

2 Ground Water Abstraction Permissions from Central Ground Water Board Authority under Section 4 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) (1986).

PIU PIU and PMU

3 Tree Cutting State forest department PIU PIU and PMU

4 Hot mix plants, Crushers and Batching plants

Consent to establish and consent to operate under Air Act, 1981 from UEPPCB

DBO Contractor

PIU

5 Storage, handling and transport of hazardous materials

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules. 2016; Manufacturing, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 from UEPPCB

DBO Contractor

PIU

6 Material Sourcing- Approval for sourcing stones and sand from quarries and sand mining and borrow areas

Permission from District Collector/ State Department of Mining

DBO Contractor

PIU

7 New quarries and borrow areas Environmental clearance under EIA Notification 2006

DBO Contractor

PIU

8 Temporary traffic diversion measures

District traffic police DBO Contractor

PIU

9 Road cutting for Sewer laying works

Nagar Nigam and PWD PIU PMU

10 Use of Railways ROW for construction area/ crossing

Indian Railways PIU PMU

11 Construction Waste and Demolition Debris Management

Approval from Nagar Nigam for disposal site is required per Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016

DBO Contractor

PIU

12 Labour License Labour Commissioner, Government of Uttarakhand

DBO Contractor

PIU

13 Use of Vehicles and Equipment- Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate

Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 DBO Contractor

PIU

PMU will be overall responsible for supervision in getting all clearances and provide details

to ADB through semi-annual report. PMU will ensure all necessary regulatory clearances and approvals are obtained prior to commencement of works. Respective PIUs, with support of project consultants and contractors, are responsible for obtaining the clearances/permits and ensuring conditions/specifications/provisions are incorporated in the subproject design, costs, and implementation. The PIUs shall report to PMU the status of compliance to clearances/permits as part of the regular progress reporting.

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V. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

1. Location, Area and Connectivity

State Uttarakhand: Uttarakhand is one of the hilly states in the Indian Himalaya. Formerly a part of Uttar Pradesh (UP), Uttarakhand (formerly called Uttaranchal) was created as the 27th state of the Indian Union on 9th November 2000 by carving out the 13 hill districts of UP (Figure 19). It lies in the northern part of India between the latitudes 28°43′ N and 31°27′ N and longitudes 77°34′ E and 81°02′ E, having a maximum dimensions of 301 km in the east-west direction and 255 km in the north-south and covering an area of 53,483 km2.The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 m. Broadly, the region constitutes of 13 districts falling in two major administrative units, viz.,Garhwal (north-west portion) and Kumaon (south-east portion). Garhwal Division consists of seven districts, i.e. Dehradun, Haridwar, Uttarkashi, Tehri, Pauri, Rudraprayag and Chamoli, while the remaining six districts, viz., Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, Nainital, Champawatand Udham Singh Nagar, falls in Kumaon Division

Figure 19: Uttarakhand State and Its Districts

Due to the fragile eco-system and geo-dynamic terrain, Uttarakhand state is highly vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquakes, landslides, forest fires, and cloud burst etc. According to hazard zoning in the Vulnerability Atlas of India, the whole of Uttarakhand falls under “very high” to “high” category earthquake zone. The problems of landslides, subsidence, and erosion are quite common in the hilly regions of the state due to combination of several factors like geological movements, structure, lithology, water seepage, soil cover, vegetal cover, weather, and climatic changes.

District Dehradun is situated in NW corner of Uttarakhand state and extends from Latitude 290 58’ N to 310 02’ 30"N and Longitude 770 34’ 45” E to 780 18’30” E. The total area of Dehradun district is 3088 km2with an average elevation of approximately 447 metres (1,467 ft) above sea level. It falls in Survey of India Toposheets Nos. 53 E, F, G, J and K. The district is bounded by

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Uttarkashi district on the north, Tehri Garhwal and Pauri Garhwal districts on the east and Saharnpur district (UP) on the south. Its western boundary adjoins Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh are separated by Rivers Tons and Yamuna.The district comprises of six tehsils, namely Dehradun, Chakrata, Vikasnagar, Kalsi, Tiuni and Rishikesh. Further, it is divided into six developmental blocks, viz: Chakrata, Kalsi, Vikasnagar, Sahaspur, Raipur and Doiwala. There are seventeen towns and 764 villages in this district. Main languages spoken in the city are Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari, and Nepali. Its geomorphological and meteorological characteristics, makes it prone to a number of natural hazards. Beside earthquake, the city is frequently devastated by landslides, cloudbursts, flashfloods, cold waves and hailstorms.

Dehradun City. Located in the north-western part of Uttarakhand at 30011’24” N latitude and

78002’24”E longitude. Dehradun is the capital and most populous city in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is located in the Doon valley on the foothills of the Himalayas nestled between the river Ganges on the east and the river Yamuna on the west. The city is noted for its picturesque landscape and slightly milder climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region. It is well connected and in proximity to Himalayan tourist destinations such as Mussoorie, and Auli and the Hindu holy cities of Haridwar and Rishikesh along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of Chota Char Dham. Dehradun is also known for its Basmati rice and bakery products

Dehradun is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district. Part of the Garhwal region, it lies along National Highway 7 with the distance of 236 kilometres (147 mi) north of India's capital New Delhi and is served by Dehradun railway station and Jolly Grant Airport. Dehradun is governed by the Dehradun Municipal Corporation (DMC).

Dehradun experienced fast growing peri-urban areas with huge influx of urban migrants

and carried out re-boundary mission. As a result, Dehradun has expanded to 300% in area (196.48 km) and increased by 141% in population (803,983 in 2018) living in 100 wards. The subproject of establishing water supply and sanitation systems is located in Southern part of newly expanded Dehradun, Zone 7, which consists of Kedarpur, Banjarawala and Mothrowala wards. This subproject is divided into three work packages based on topography and hydrology

The service area proposed under Package 1 is part of ward no. 85 (Mothorowala)

consisting of Mothorowala, Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony Nai Basti, Sapera Basti, Daudwala colony etc. Mothrowala lies in the southern part of the Dehradun city. It is surrounded by Banjarawala on the north-west, Kedarpur on the north, Defense Colony on the east, Nawada on the south-east, Bindal River on the west and the Lachhiwala Range on the south. Rispana River flows through it to meet River Bindal towards its west boundary. The Bindal river ultimately joins with river Ganga.

Until 2017, above mentioned areas were outside the limits of Dehradun Municipal Corporation (DMC). After the 2018 re-boundary mission of Dehradun city, these areas have now become part of the DMC and as such are now part of Dehradun city (refer Figure 1 in Section II).. These newly merged areas and its infrastructures are mainly designed for serving rural population. However, due to proximity of State highway and Dehradun urban areas, these areas have been drastically developed and now these have been part of Dehradun Nagar Nigam.

2. Topography, Drainage, Soils and Geology

Dehradun falls in Sub-Himalayan physiographic zone of Uttarakhand State. The physiography possesses least of Himalayan features, and consists of two sub-zones, the Shivaliks - the youngest of the Himalayan ranges and the Doon (flat longitudinal structural valleys) to the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwali_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaoni_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunsari_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttarakhand_by_population

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doon_Valley

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussoorie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auli,_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishikesh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmati

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_division

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_7_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun_railway_station

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolly_Grant_Airport

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north of Shivaliks. The Shivaliks extend in a narrow varying width of 6 to 30 km with altitudes of 300 to 1000 m. The Doon Valley has the Himalayas to its north, the Shivalik range to its south, the sacred river Ganga to its east and the river Yamuna to its west.

Dehradun City is surrounded by dense hilly forests. The altitude of the City ranges from

1000 m in the north hilly region to 600 m in the south, with an average altitude of 640 m. It slopes north to south and is dissected by numerous seasonal streams, locally known as Khalas. City drainage is borne by the Bindal and Rispana Rivers. The direction of flow of streams in the eastern part is north to south (Bindal River) and in western part it is north to southwest (Rispana River).

Drainage. Dehradun district is drained by Ganga, Yamuna and their tributaries. The two basins are separated by a ridge starting from Mussoorie and passing through Dehradun. The easterly flowing rivers join River Ganga and the westerly flowing rivers join River Yamuna. The Asan, the Suswa, the Bandal and the Rispana are noteworthy amongst these. The Asan, the Suswa, the Bandal and the Rispana are noteworthy amongst these. The Asan river flows westerly while the remaining rivers i.e., the Suswa, Bandal and Rispana flow southeasterly to join the Song river which is a tributary of River Ganga. The Dehradun City is surrounded by River Song in the east and River Tons in the west.

Due to hilly terrain Dehradun City has a natural drainage pattern with sufficient gradients to drain off storm water easily in to the two main natural drainage channels i.e. rivers Bindal and Rispana. Asan, Tons and Duchene rivers discharges in these two rivers directly or through their tributaries. The slope of both the main rivers i.e. Riana and Bindal is from North to South.

Figure 20: Drainage Map of Doon Valley indicating major Rivers and its Tributaries.

Source: Central Groundwater Board

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Geomorphology. Doon valley is the largest intermontane synclinal longitudinal valley in the sub Himalayan region. Many rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, Sitla Rao, Jhakan Rao, Suswa and Asan contributed in the formation of local landforms of the valley. For different type of formations there is change in drainage pattern, as in the pre tertiary formations drainage pattern is dendritic and trellis, in the Siwaliks it is sub-parallel and dendritic whereas in the recent formations it is parallel and sinuous. Geomorphologically the landforms in the area are formed due to erosion, deposition and tectonic activity. (Figure 21):

Broadly the main geomorphological units are can be categorized into Pre tertiary of the

Lesser Himalaya, the Siwaliks and the Doon fan gravels. The pre tertiary hills form the most elevated landforms of the valley in the form of Mussorrie Range, with elevation up to 2000 m. The Siwaliks are exposed both in the northern and the southern part of the valley in the form of dissected structural hill at elevation of 600 to 700 m in the south and about 900 m in the north. Majority portion of the Dehradun city is covered by gravely material brought down by the streams from both the northern and southern hills. They are deposited in the form of fans popularly known as Doon Fans.

Figure 21: Geomorphological Map of Dehradun

The project area is part of Dehradun city and surrounded by dense hilly forests. Lachhiwal forest is about 500m east of the Daudwala STP location. The topography of the area is mostly undulating and barren lands. Settlements are mainly on the plain lands surrounded by agricultural lands. The average altitude of the project area is about 638 m. It slopes north to south and is dissected by numerous seasonal streams, locally known as nallahs. Drainage is borne by the Bindal Rivers. The direction of flow of streams in the eastern part is north to south (Bindal River). Bindal River joins with River Ganga

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Soil Types. The nature and soil type play an important role in agriculture and have direct relation with groundwater recharge. Physiography, climate, drainage and geology of the area are the factors responsible for the nature and type of soil and soil cover. The soil type also depends upon the slope and rate of erosion. The soil types of district Dehradun classified by Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) are given in Table 15.

Table 15: Soil Types of District Dehradun

Physiography Characteristics Taxonomic Classification

Mountains Moderately deep, well-drained, thermic coarse loamy soils on steep slopes, strong, stoniness, associated with shallow excessively drained, loamy skeletal soil.

Loamy skeletal, Dystric Eutrochrepts, Fine loamy lithic and typic Hapludolls - Loamy skeletal typic Udrothants

Soils on Upper piedmont plains

Soil on Lower piedmont plains

Deep, well-drained, coarse loamy cover, fragmental soils on heavy gentle slope with loamy surface and slight erosion Associated with excessively drained soils with loamy surface and slight to moderate erosion Deep, well- drained, fine to coarse loamy surface and slight to moderate erosion

Deep, well- drained, coarse loamy cover over fragmental soils on nearly level plains with loamy surface. Associated with deep, well drained, fine loamy soil with loamy surface. Deep, well drained, fine silty soil on very gentle slopes with loamy surface and slight erosion Deep, well drained, fine to coarse loamy surface and slight to moderate erosion, silty soil with loamy surface

Udifluventic Ustochrept Typic Ustipsamments Udic Ustorchrepts Udifluventic Ustochrepts Udic Ustochrepts Udic Haplustolls Udic Ustochrepts

Source: CGWB 2011

On the basis of soil texture, the National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning

(NBSS&LUP) has divided the soils of Uttarakhand into eight different categories, namely sandy loam, sandy clay loam. Fine loam, fine silt, clay, coarse loam, loamy skeletal and snow field (Figure 22).

The Soils of Dehradun City are alluvial, riverine, and non-calcareous to moderate calcareous soils, which have been carved out by the fast-flowing rivers draining the Himalayas. Limited distribution of red soil is also found in some places. Forest soils, which occur under coniferous and deciduous forest, are found rich in organic matter. Mountain /hill soils are the collective terminology used for various types of soils occurring at very high elevations, under a

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wide range of forest types trees. All the hill ranges around Dehradun (except the Sivaliks) are rich in lime stone reserves. Soil texture varies from sandy loam to clayey loam. Soil pH is slightly higher in the restored sites in comparison to the natural area, which favors the increased availability of nutrient elements. The soil color varies according to profile but generally color was observed dark brown to olive brown (Kumar, 1997).

Figure 22: Uttarakhand Soils and Soil Depth Mapping by NBSS & LUP

Source: NBSS & LUP

The Soils of Project area are mainly alluvial, riverine, and limited distribution of red soil is

also found in some places. Forest soils are rich in organic matter. Soil texture varies from sandy loam to clayey loam. Soil pH is slightly alkaline which favors the increased availability of nutrient elements. The soil color varies according to profile but is generally dark (NBSS & LUP).

Geology. Dehradun valley was formed as an intermontane valley between lesser Himalaya in the north and the Siwaliks in the south. The present Doon valley is developed in two phases. In the first phase, around 18 million years ago there was an upliftment in the Himalaya around the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) that raised the Mussorie Range and the Lower Himalaya. It resulted in the formation of a synclinal depression known as Doon Syncline, in which the eroded sediments of the uplifted part were deposited and this continued for the long period. In the second phase, around 0.5 million years ago another tectonic event uplifted the Siwalik Range strata along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and the Doon valley came into existence. There are two transverse faults, Ganga tear fault in the east and Yamuna tear fault in the west limits the boundary of the valley towards east and west respectively

Geologically Dehradun valley is a synclinal trough within the Shiwaliks formation. The young formations in the region are the river terraces formed by Doon gravels (Figure 23). The limits of syncline consist of middle and upper Shiwaliks rocks followed by the northerly dipping pre-tertiary formations of lesser Himalaya in north. On all these older formations are deposited the Pleistocene and recent sediments, the Doon gravels. Outer fringe of lesser Himalaya of Garhwal is rich in its mineral deposits especially for rock phosphate and lime. Mussoorie hills and Dehradun valley have huge deposits of phosphorite. This mineralization is confined to the Krol and Tal formation and found in association with chert and black shales

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Figure 23: Geological Map of Dehradun

Reference: Geological map of Dehradun based on satellite imagery interpretation of LISS III and available literature and geological

maps (After Nossin 1971; Rupke, 1974; Raiverman et al., 1984; Thakur, 1995).

Geology of the project area. The area falls in the intermontane Doon Valley and is

underlain by Recent to Sub Recent Doon Gravels, which lie over the Upper Siwalik Sediments. The Doon Gravel has been broadly divided in Older Doon Gravel and Younger Doon Gravel. The Older Doon Gravel consists partly of crushed Upper Siwalik cobbles, angular pebbles of quartzites, slates and shales while the younger Doon Gravels are characterized by very large boulders in the alluvial fans and debris flow deposits and consists of moderately sorted mixture of clay, sand, gravels and boulders. The major part of Doon Valley and the area under study is occupied by the Younger Doon Gravel except isolated occurrences of Siwaliks and older sediments13.

Natural Hazards : Due to the fragile eco-system and geo-dynamic terrain, Uttarakhand State is highly vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquakes, landslides, forest fires, and cloud burst etc. According to hazard zoning in the Vulnerability Atlas of India, the whole of Uttarakhand falls under “very high” (Zone V) to “high” (Zone IV) category earthquake zone. The problems of landslides, subsidence, and erosion are quite common in the hilly regions of the state due to combination of several factors like geological movements, structure, lithology, water seepage, soil cover, vegetal cover, weather, and climatic changes..

Seismic Hazard: The seismic hazard map of India was updated in 2000 by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). There are no major changes from the BIS 1984 map for the state of Uttarakhand. The districts in Uttarakhand lie in Zones V (Very High) and IV (High) where MSK intensities in excess of IX and up to VIII, respectively, may be expected. According to GSHAP

13 Report on the Feasibility for Constructing a tube well at Dudhli, Dehradun district, uttarakhand prepared for

Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun,2010

69


data, the state of Uttarakhand falls in a region of “high” to “very high” seismic hazard (Figure 24). As per seismic zonation map of India published by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS- 2002)) , Uttarakhand also falls in Zones IV & V and the city of Dehradun lies in Zone IV where the maximum intensity expected. (Figure 25).

Figure 24: GSHAP Hazard Map for Uttarakhand

Source: http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-uttaranchal.htm

http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-uttaranchal.htm

http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-uttaranchal.htm

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Figure 25: Map Showing Uttarakhand Earthquake Zones

Source: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, 2002

3. Climatic and Rainfall

The district has within its limits lofty peaks of the Outer Himalayas as well as the Doon valley with climatic conditions nearly similar to those in the plains. The temperature depends on the elevation. The climate of the district, in general, is temperate. In the hilly regions, the summer is pleasant but in the Doon Valley, the heat is often intense. The temperature drops below freezing point not only at high altitudes but also even at places like Dehradun during the winters, when the higher peaks are under snow.

The climate of Dehradun is humid subtropical. It varies greatly from tropical to severe cold depending upon the altitude of the area. Temperature variations due to difference in elevation are considerable. In the hilly regions, the summer is pleasant. But in the Doon, the heat is often intense and summer temperatures can reach up to 44 OC for a few days and a hot wind called loo blows over North India. The winter, from November to February, is cold, and temperatures touches near freezing occasionally. The months of December and January are the coldest due to winter rains, coinciding with snowfall in the nearby mountains ranges (maximum and minimum winter temperature is 23.4°C and 5.2°C respectively). Overall the winters are dry. The spring, lasting from March to April, is very pleasant.

Figure 26: Overall Climatic Condition in Uttarakhand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loo_(wind)

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Source: The Uttarakhand Action Plan on Climate Change (UAPCC)

Figure 27: Temperature Regimes in Uttarakhand

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Figure 28: Distribution of Precipitation over Uttarakhand


Climatic data (Table 16).has been collected from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

for Dehradun city for a period of 25 years (from 1993 to 2017) The monsoon months, particularly July and early August are extremely humid. The annual average rainfall (AAR) of Dehradun is 2051mm, of which about 62% is concentrated in the months of July and August (Figure 29). During

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the monsoon season, there is often heavy and protracted rainfall. Agriculture benefits from fertile alluvial soil, adequate drainage and plentiful rain.

Table 16: Climatic data for Dehradun (1993 to 2017)

Month Rainfall

(mm) Relative

Humidity (%)

Temprature

Maximum Minimum Average

January 46.9 91 19.3 3.6 10.9

February 54.9 83 22.4 5.6 13.3

March 52.4 69 26.2 9.1 17.5

April 21.2 53 32 13.3 22.7

May 54.2 49 35.3 16.8 25.4

June 230.2 65 34.4 29.4 27.1

July 630.7 86 30.5 22.6 25.1

August 627.4 89 29.7 22.3 25.3

September 261.4 83 29.8 19.7 24.2

October 32 74 28.5 13.3 20.5

November 10.9 82 24.8 7.6 15.7

December 2.8 89 21.9 4 12

Annual Average

2051.4 76 27.8 13.3 20

Source: Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

Figure 29: Climate chart showing the monthly rainfall and temperatures of Dehradun City

Source: Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

The average wind speed in Dehradun is 1.7 m/s with the maximum wind speed of around 5

m/s. Windrose of Dehradun shows that predominantly wind blow from the NE - about 19.78% of all wind directions (Figure 30). The selected coordinates i.e., latitude 30°19'0"N, longitude 78°1'0"E is found within the limit of Dehradun of Dehradun district, in the state Uttarakhand, India.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon

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Figure 30 : The Annual Wind Rose Diagram

{Location coordinates : lat 30°19'0"N, lon: 78°1'0"E within the limit of Dehradun City}

4. Surface Water

The Dehradun city area is drained by several rivers / small rivulets and minor streams belonging to Yamuna and Ganga river systems. The Asan, the Suswa, the Bindal and the Rispana are amongst these. The Asan river flows westerly while the remaining rivers i.e, the Suswa, Bindal and Rispana flow southeasterly to join the Song river which is a tributary of River Ganga (Figure 30).. Seasonal rivers of Bindal and the Rispana have considerable flow during the monsoon. In the rest of the year these rivers mostly remain dry or carry wastewater. No water quality data of these rivers are available.

Due to hilly terrain, Dehradun has a natural drainage pattern with sufficient gradients to drain off storm water easily into the two main natural drainage, streams i.e. rivers Bindal and Rispana. The slope of both the main rivers i.e. Rispana and Bindal is from North to South. There are 8 nos. of drainage basins covering the town are (i) Bindal Basin;(ii) Bindal Sub Basin No.1; (iii) Bindal Sub Basin No.2;(iv) Bindal Sub Basin No.3;(v) Rispana Basin;(vi) Asan River Basin;(vii) Dulhani River Basin and (viii) Tons River Basin.

River Bindal and Rispana rivers flows with municipal drains from the eastern part of Dehradun city and joins the river Suswa at Mothrawala (Figure 31). .Riverr Suswa receives copious volume of municipal wastewater through Rispana and Bindal rivers. As such no industrial wastewater drain into rivers Rispana and Bindal, however possibilities of wastewater from automobile service centres, unorganized commercial activities etc. cannot be ignored. Water quality characteristics of River Suswa (Table 17 and 18) at Mothrawala (downstream of Dehradun) and River Ganga after confluence of River Song near Satyanarayan Temple D/S Raiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand by the UEPPBC for the year 2019 and 2020 are given in Table 19 and 20. The results shows pollution load in the river water. Therefore, the action plan for

https://www.indianclimate.com/wind-data.php

75


prevention and control of pollution of river Suswa in order to meet water quality criteria of Class-B should be adopted (Ref: Table 2 of Appendix 3).

The Project area has a natural drainage pattern with sufficient gradients to drain off storm

water easily into the Bindal river.. The Bindal is one of the very important seasonal river of Dehradun as it serves as a valve to disperse rainwater of Dehradun during the times of heavy rainfall. Presently the increasing number of slums and encroachments on the Bindal river has turned it into a dumping pit. The river bed of ‘Bindal’ is lined with domestic waste, effluents, plastics, animal carcasses and human excreta14. The Bindal like the Rispana is one of the tributaries of the Ganga River and thus, in needs to be taken care of to save the ecosystem of Dehradun and further to keep the Ganga unpolluted.

14 Preparation of strategic land and water management plan for rejuvenation of rispana river system by National Institute

of Hydrology (2019) submitted to Irrigation Department, Govt. of Uttarakhand Dehradun

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Figure 31 : Google image of river Ganga and Song and its Contributing Suswa- Rispana and Bindal River.

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Table 17: Water Quality of River Suswa at Mothrawala (Downstream of Mothrawala), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 2019

Month pH BOD

(mg/L)

COD (mg/

L)

Temp (◦C)

DO (mg/

L)

Alkalinity as CaCo3

(mg/L)

Chloride (mg/L)

Calcium as Ca

(mg/L)

Magnesium as

Mg(mg/L)

Hardness as

CaCo3 (mg/L)

Total Dissolv

ed Solid

(mg/L)

Fecal Coliforms (MPN/100

ml)

Total Coliforms (MPN/100

ml)

Jan-19 8.15 26 80 18 2.8 240 25 164 126 290 328 8.15 >1600

Feb-19 7.85 28 110 18 3 280 27 200 140 340 390 7.85 >1600

Mar-19 7.82 30 136 20 2.8 290 30 240 120 360 386 7.82 >1600

Apr-19 7.84 28 112 19 3 260 24 196 124 320 372 7.84 >1600

May-19 7.79 30 120 20 2.6 278 25 200 148 348 410 >1600

Jun-19 7.84 26 126 20 2.8 290 30 230 128 358 430 >1600

Jul-19 7.86 25 118 19 3 270 22 220 100 320 390 >1600

Aug-19 6.89 27 120 20 2.6 274 26 222 102 324 392 >1600

Sep-19 6.94 26 120 22 2.8 260 25 220 80 300 400 >1600

Oct-19 8.05 28 124 20 2.8 280 28 234 78 312 415 >1600

Nov-19 8.1 26 116 20 3 284 33 236 74 310 344 >1600

Dec-19 8.23 28 124 18 2.2 268 30 230 56 286 328 >1600

Class C Surface Water Quality Criteria

6 to 9

3 mg/L or less

4 mg/L

or more

5000 or

less

Source: Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB)

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Table 18: Water Quality of River Suswa at Mothrawala (Downstream of Mothrawala), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 2020

Month pH BOD

(mg/L) COD

(mg/L)

Temp

(◦C)

DO (mg/L)

Alkalinity as

CaCo3 (mg/L)

Chloride

(mg/L)

Calcium as

Ca(mg/L)

Magnesium as

Mg(mg/L)

Hardness as

CaCo3 (mg/L)

Total Dissolv

ed Solid

(mg/L)

Fecal Coliform

s (MPN/100

ml)

Total Colifor

ms (MPN/10

0ml)

Jan-20 8.1 26 104 17 4.2 240 25 180 120 300 380 >1600

Feb-20 8.34 28 112 18 4 260 30 210 150 360 368 >1600

Mar-20 8.11 26 94 20 3.6 270 32 220 120 340 376 >1600 >1600

Apr-20 7.96 34 132 19 3 330 40 220 150 370 254 >1600 >1600

May-20 8.13 29 116 19 3.6 395 30 255 135 390 387 >1600 >1600

Jun-20 6.67 26 110 20 3.8 360 27.5 200 150 350 255 >1600 >1600

Jul-20 7.59 30 124 21 2.8 365 25 145 130 275 448 >1600 >1600

Aug-20 7.65 32 128 23 26 230 25 162 100 262 288 >1600 >1600

Sep-20 8.3 26 106 26 4 306 22 125 93 218 428 >1600 >1600

Oct-20 7.9 28 112 25 3 360 40 302 85 387 712 >1600 >1600

Nov-20 7.64 26 104 24 3.6 552 37 278 113 391 749 >1600 >1600

Dec-20 7.0 27 108 22 3 344 65 258 57 315 650 >1600 >1600


6 to 9

3 mg/L or less

4 mg/L

or more

5000 or

less


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Table 19: River Ganga after confluence of River Song near Satyanarayan Temple D/S Raiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 2019

Month pH BOD(m

g/L) COD(m

g/L)

Temp (◦C)

DO(mg/L)

Alkalinity as

CaCo3(mg/L)

Chloride(mg/L)

Calcium as

Ca(mg/L)

Magnesium as Mg(mg/

L)

Hardness as CaCo3 (mg/L)

Total Dissol

ved Solid

(mg/L)

Fecal Caltform (MPN/100

mL)

Total Caltform (MPN/100

mL)

Jan-19 8.02 <1 4 17 10.4 64 5 38 32 70 114 40

Feb-19 7.42 <1 4 16 10 70 5 46 32 78 96 26 50

Mar-19 7.48 <1 4 19 9.8 62 4 42 30 72 86 17 40

Apr-19 7.62 <1 4 17 9.8 60 5 36 32 68 88 17 40

May-19 7.54 <1 4 18 10.2 68 5 38 34 72 80 14 50

Jun-19 7.62 <1 4 19 9.8 66 5 42 32 74 82 17 40

Jul-19 7.7 <1 4 18 10.2 62 4 44 26 70 78 26 50

Aug-19 7.48 <1 4 18 10.4 64 5 46 26 72 80 17 40

Sep-19 8.23 <1 4 20 9.8 58 7 40 28 68 73 30 50

Oct-19 8.12 <1 4 20 10 60 6 42 24 66 62 26 60

Nov-19 7.95 <1 4 19 11.8 58 5 40 20 60 69 17 50

Dec-19 7.94 <1 4 18 10.4 73 8 44 22 66 79 14 40


6 to 9

3 mg/L or less

4 mg/L

or more

5000 or

less


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Table 20: River Ganga after confluence of River Song near Satyanarayan Temple D/S Raiwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 2020

Month pH BOD(m

g/L) COD(mg/L)

Temp (◦C)

DO(mg/L)

Alkalinity as

CaCo3(mg/L)

Chloride(mg/L)

Calcium as Ca(

mg/L)

Magnesium

as Mg(mg/L)

Hardness

as CaCo

3 (mg/

L)

Total Dissolved Solid (mg/L

)

Fecal Caltfor

m (MPN/100mL)

Total Caltfor

m (MPN/100mL)

Jan-20 7.8 1 4 17 10.2 84 8 44 32 70 120 30 90

Feb-20 8.44

1 6 17 10 85 12 68 46 114 230 40 90

Mar-20 7.94

1.2 6 20 10.8 100 9 85 51 136 279 30 80

Apr-20 8.2 1.2 3 20 10.6 110 10 60 22 82 236 40 80

May-20 7.5 1 6 19 8.4 120 10 80 75 155 213 50 70

Jun-20 7.75

1.2 6 20 8.6 256 9.5 148 110 258 251 40 88

Jul-20 8 1.2 6 22 8.8 169 17 118 83 201 262 40 70

Aug-20 7.6 1.4 6 23 8.6 184 10 190 50 240 222 60 110

Sep-20 8.15

2 6 29 10.6 165 13 90 2 152 328 70 130

Oct-20 8.18

1.2 6 29 8.6 235 10 140 60 200 317 84 140

Nov-20 7.15

1 6 18 8.4 55 10 40 30 70 154 70 120

Dec-20 8 1.4 6 20 9.2 100 9 70 40 110 240 63 110


6 to 9

3 mg/L or less

4 mg/L or more

5000 or

less


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5. Groundwater

The hydrogeology of the district is mainly controlled by the geology and geomorphology. A wide variation in the geology and land forms, in the area, gives rise to different hydrogeological conditions. Broadly Dehradun district is divided into three hydrogeological units, viz. (1) Himalayan Mountain Belt (2) Siwalik zone and (3) Doon Gravels

Groundwater is the main source of irrigation and is utilized through dug wells, and tube wells. The depth to water level varies widely depending upon topography, drainage, bedrock geology etc. in the district. As per Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) report on Dehradun District Groundwater Scenario, 2006, Depth to Water (DTW), in the southernmost part of the district, ranges between 5 and 10 m. The area close to the hills is represented by water table >15 m bgl. The intermediate part has DTW in the range between 10 and 15 mbgl. During the post monsoon period the 5-10 m and 10-15 m ranges of DTW increased and the >15 m group is reduced.

Analysis of CGWB’s long term water level data of Pre-monsoon reveals that larger part of the Doon Valley shows a rise in water levels between 0 and 2 m. A small area in the south-east part of the valley close to the foot hills shows water level decline between 0 and 2 m. The decadal fluctuation shows that by and large the area has groundwater potential with low development of shallow aquifers

Groundwater Utilization. There are six developmental blocks in District Dehradun.Two blocks (Chakrata and Kalsi) fall in mountainous terrain where the slopes are high and water resources were not estimated for these blocks. Water Resources were estimated, using Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC)1997 methodology, for Raipur, Doiwala, Sahaspur and Vikas Nagar blocks as the topography is by and large plain, in these blocks. The block areas are divided into command and non-command. Draft for all uses and recharge from all sources are calculated for command and non-command areas.The stage of groundwater development, for command area, ranges from 53.78 to 78.34% while it ranges from 19.23 to 51.23% for non-command areas. All the four blocks are categorized as Safe.

The proposed water supply subproject area Package 1 of Banjarwala in Dehradhun

falls in the Raipur block. In Raipur Block the estimated Net Annual Groundwater Availability is 20.37 MCM for command area while for non-command area it is 255.86 MCM according to CGWB.. The total utilization for all uses is estimated as 12.57 MCM with stage of development at 61.70% for command area and 78.82 MCM with stage of development at 30.80% for non-command area of Raipur block.

Raipur block is categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB. ‘Safe’ area in terms of categorisation leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. However, this large scope may give rise to over exploitation of the resources, in case its development is not planned properly in a scientific way.

Groundwater Quality. As per CGWB report (2011), seventy four water samples were collected by CGWB from different groundwater structures located in District Dehradun, during Pre-monsoon, 2007. The samples were got analyzed for their electrical conductivity (EC), pH, calcium, magnesium, carbonate and bicarbonate. The groundwater is suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes, with respect to these parameters.

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A report published in the Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology in 2017

shows Hydro-chemical study of surface and ground water were performed by for determining its suitability for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. In this study, the evaluation of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,EC, TDS, bicarbonate and alkali metals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) of the surface and ground water has been carried out in selected sites of Dehradun and results were compared with the standard limits as per WHO guidelines for drinking water and were accessed statistically (Table 21). The average values of all physiochemical and alkali metals were found within the permissible limits of the WHO guideline for drinking water and also within Indian standard limits but some sites of surface and ground water were found to have even higher as compared to standard (Appendix 3). The deterioration in the quality of the water could be accounted to rapid urbo-industralization activities, increase in population with change of life style, excess use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides in soil to meet the increasing demand in the market, or unplanned out flow of effluent destroyed the water quality of ecologically rich state of Uttarakhand, India. So, there is a need to establish sewage treatment plants in major human settlements so that untreated sewage couldn’t contaminate the water bodies.

Table 21: Comparison of Surface and Ground Water Quality with Drinking Water Standards (WHO and Indian Standard)

Parameter WHO Indian

Standard

Surface Water Ground Water

Site-I Site-II Site-III Site-IV Site-I Site-II Site-III Site-IV

pH - 6.5-8.5 7.24 7.43 7.35 7.21 7.24 7.25 7.19 7.15

EC (μ mho/cm) 300 - 389.67 502.96 405.45 362.05 359.23 346.26 356.19 347.75

TDS(mgl-1) - 500 496.11 663.33 673.33 651.11 389.22 398.89 465.55 404.44

Total Alkalinity(mgl-1)

- 200

165 172.62 161.45 154.45 158.66 159.61 150.37 147.44

Sodium(mgl-1) 200 200 7.9 11 11 10.02 5.73 6.19 5.63 5.71

Potassium(mgl-1)

12 - 4.52 15.29 6.53 5.37 2.96 7.09 4.67 4.07

Calcium(mgl-1) 75 200 35.43 35.87 36.96 30.64 23.58 30.61 28.67 20.93

Magnisium(mgl-1)

50 - 22.09 24.42 26.87 18.16 18.97 21.18 18.6 17.25

Site-I : FRI campus

New forest estate lies north of Dehradun- Chakrata Road, about 6 Km from main Dehradun town surrounding Clock Tower. The area is situated between 30°20’05.4” N Latitude and 77°59’15.3” E longitudeand 640.08 m.

Site-II : Clock tower

The clock tower is the heart of Dehradun city and encircled by the city's commercial centres like famous “Paltan bazar”. The area is situated between latitude 30°19’32.4” N and longitude 78°02’34.4” E and is located at an elevation of 640 m.

Site-III: Selaqui industrial area

Selaqui is located towards west of the main township of Dehradunalong the Chakrata road and it is about 19 km from the Clock tower. The area is situated between latitude 30°21’40”N and longitude 77°50’44.8”E at an altitude of 635 m.

Site-IV; Karwapani

There are a number of wetlands in the Doon valley, the most commonare fresh water swamps include Doodpani, Golatappar, Gularghati, Laltappar, Manuswamp, Mothoranwala, Nakranda, Ramgrah and Karwapani. It lies in the latitude 30°2” to 30° 26” (N) and Longitude77°52" to 78°- 19" (E)

Source: Kumar et al., J Environ Anal Toxicol 2017, 7:1

Hydrogeology of the Project area. The Doon Valley being intermontane in nature

receives heavy rainfall (2000 mm) during the monsoon. The area is characterized by high rate of infiltration because of being underlain by unconsolidated and unsorted material of Doon Gravels, having a high degree of porosity and permeability. Groundwater occurs under

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unconfined condition. Water levels are generally in the range of 45 to 50 m (Pre monsoon) below ground level in the area. Groundwater development in and around the study area is moderately low. The aquifers are composed mainly of sand, gravel and boulder. Main aquifer (water bearing layer is in the depth range of 72 to 87 m and one saturated water bearing layer is expected between 100 to 120 m below ground level The quality of ground water is reported to be fresh and potable15.

6. Air Quality

Under the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) Programme, Uttarakhand Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) is regularly monitoring the ambient air quality at Clock Tower, Raipur Road and ISBT in Dehradun City. The status of month-wise ambient air quality of the city during the period of 2019 and 2020 are presented in Table 22 and Table 23 respectively. While chemical pollutants; sulphur dioxides (SO2) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are well within the limits of National Ambient Air Quality standards 2009, but the sulphur dioxides (SO2) concentrations are above the limit of WHO standard. The Particulate Matters (PM10 and PM 2.5) exceeds the limits of both National Ambient Air Quality standards 2009, and WHO in all samples.

Air quality monitoring shall be conducted in the pre-construction phase (Service Improvement Period) by the contractor and shall be updated in IEE.

15 Report on the Feasibility for Constructing a tube well at Dudhli, Dehradun district, uttarakhand prepared for

Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun,2010

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Table 22: Ambient Air Quality Characteristics (Year 2020)

City Dehradun

Locations Clock Tower Raipur Road Himalayan Drug, ISBT

Zone Commercial/Residential Commercial/Residential Commercial/Industrial

Month

P.M.10 (μg/m3)

P.M.2.5 (μg/m3)

SO2 (μg/m3)

NO2 (μg/m3)

P.M.10 (μg/m3)

P.M.2.5 (μg/m3)

SO2 (μg/m3)

NO2 (μg/m3)

P.M.10 (μg/m3)

P.M.2.5 (μg/m3)

SO2 (μg/m3)

NO2 (μg/m3)

Jan-20 171.33 92.27 24.49 28.43 128.66 71.68 23.78 27.77 183.42 103.14 25.1 29

Feb-20 191.1 91 25.12 29.28 130.23 71.75 24.54 28.19 214.13 101.15 25.69 29.45

Mar-20 175.77 - 24.94 28.61 118.62 68.18 24.06 26.71 200.59 94.39 25.97 29.2

Apr-20 73.51 47.62 7.42 8.93 76.58 37.1 6.73 7.87 79.34 41.48 9.16 11.63

May-20 123.76 IF 17.65 21.55 100.87 46.37 14.04 18.5 110.49 75.61 15.41 19.91

Jun-20 120 IF 21.01 25 97.53 64.54 17.34 22.3 112.56 75.5 19.85 23.94

Jul-20 81.36 IF 20.94 24.98 88.38 42.83 19.1 22.75 93.83 53.7 20.7 24.57

Aug-20 88.67 RF 22.16 26.81 80.31 RF 20.97 22.93 92.24 RF 22.11 26.18

Sep-20 99.24 IF 22.45 27.42 93.73 66.86 21.82 25.56 104.17 76.62 23.11 27.46

Oct-20 162.77 IF 24.37 28.08 155.18 101.17 22.27 26.83 170.18 104.82 25.31 28.41

Nov-20 182.48 84.49 23.42 27.97 159.28 88.17 23.03 27.03 191.99 99.51 24.14 28.61

Dec-20 172.91 103.19 24.14 28.28 157.98 88.33 23.35 27.89 173.25 101.09 24.09 28.48

Average 136.91 83.71 21.51 25.45 115.61 67.91 20.09 23.69 143.85 84.27 21.72 25.57

Standards: 24 hours

WHO Air Quality Guidelines, 2005 (µg/m3)

50 25 20 - 50 25 20 - 50 25 20 -

India Ambient Air Quality Standard (µg/m3)

100 60 80 80 100

60 80 80 100 60 80 80

Source: UEPPCB

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Table 23: Ambient Air Quality Characteristics (Year 2019) City Dehradun

Locations Clock Tower Raipur Road Himalayan Drug, ISBT

Zone Commercial Commercial/ Residential

Commercial/Industrial

Month P.M.10 (µg/m3)

P.M. 2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3)

NO2 (µg/m3)

P.M.10 (µg/m3)

P.M. 2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3)

NO2 (µg/m3)

P.M.10 (µg/m3)

P.M. 2.5

(µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3)

NO2 (µg/m3)

January 165.25 82.82 23.84 28.41 131.14 67 21.87 26.47 243.12 97.72 25.15 28.4

February 182.59 80.53 24.88 28.9 113.44 63.8 22.28 26.6 220.94 88.49 25.94 29.45

March 159.28 86.67 25.66 29.39 125.21 48.27 24.88 28.67 209.34 105.01 26.24 30.16

April 171.59 97.36 25.48 29.72 117.8 63.44 26.51 31.1 212.1 111.06 26.1 30.19

May 185.26 104.56 26.06 29.87 132.38 80.93 23.42 28.58 215.7 117.56 25.82 29.85

June 196.74 100.97 25.97 29.24 136.15 82.27 23.11 27.96 222.01 113.41 25.87 29.78

July 174.77 IF 25.73 28.66 122.33 IF 23.12 28.14 220.36 IF 26.16 29.09

August 167.28 RF 24.43 28.36 119.27 RF 22.06 26.61 189.92 RF 25.23 28.35

September 143.58 RF 24.05 27.66 116.11 RF 23.57 27.02 168.16 RF 26.84 28.56

October 174.01 94.01 24.43 28.65 113 80.13 22.28 26.48 170.75 105.68 25.23 28.86

November 168.04 104.85 24.81 28.78 128.66 92.58 22.89 27.27 200.42 112.86 25.71 29.07

December 167.04 93.64 23.47 28.14 128.47 74.4 21.99 27.17 189.23 108.61 24.32 28.94

Average 171.29 93.83 24.90 28.82 123.66 72.54 23.17 27.67 205.17 106.71 25.72 29.23

Standards:24 hrs

WHO 50 25 20 - 50 25 20 - 50 25 20 -

NAAQS: 2009

100 60 80 80 100 60 80 80 100 60 80 80

Source: UEPPCB

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B. Noise Level

UEPPCB carried out monthly noise level monitoring at various locations of Dehradun city. As presented in the Table 24 and Table 25, the noise levels at all monitoring locations during 2019 and 2020 are exceeding the standards (Appendix 5). According to the National Noise Level Standards of India, noise level in intersections which fall under silentzone, residential areas and commercial areas should not cross 50 dB, 55 dB and 65 dB, respectively, during daytime (6 am to 10 pm) and 40 dB, 45 dB and 55 dB respectively at night (10 pm to 6 am). WHO Guidelines Value for Noise Levels for silent zone, residential and commercial areas respectively should not exceed 55 dB, 55 dB and 70 dB during daytime, and 45 dB, 45 dB and 70 dB during nighttime. Transportation and horn used in vehicles are the major source of noise pollution in Dehradun city. Most of the monitoring results are within the permissible limit. Baseline ambient noise quality monitoring of shall be done during the SIP period by contractor and shall be updated in IEE.

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Table 24: Status of Noise Level Data for the Year 2020

Monitoring Station

Zone

Noise Level

Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-

20 Jun-20

Jul-20 Aug-20 Sep-20 Oct-20

Nov-20 Dec-20

Survey Chowk

Commercial 70.0 68 70 51 71 72 74 70 70 71 69 70

Doon Hospital

Silence 58.0 57 55 47 53 55 57 71 61 62 67 63

Clock Tower Commercial 73.0 71 71 57 71 71 70 68 73 73 69 73

Gandhi Park Silence 53.0 56 54 44 52 55 53 64 58 58 62 57

Race Course

Residential 54.0 50 52 41 54 52 50 47 50 57 56 52

CMI Hospital

Commercial 64.0 69 71 55 71 74 72 65 68 67 66 67

Nehru Colony

Residential 54.0 54 54 43 55 56 54 56 56 56 55 57

Source: UEPPCB

Receptor/ Source

India National Noise Level

Standards (dBA)a

WHO Guidelines Value For Noise Levels

Measured Out of Doorsb

(One Hour LAq in dBA) Day Night 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00

Industrial area 75 70 70 70

Commercial area 65 55 70 70

Residential Area 55 45 55 45

Silent Zone 50 40 55 45 a Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010. b Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO. 1999

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Table 25: Status of Noise Level Data for the Year 2019

Monitoring Station

Zone

Noise Level

Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19 May-

19 Jun-19

Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19

Nov-19 Dec-19

Race Course

Residential 53.0 55 56 57 58 59.0 58 56 55 53 54.0 53

Doan Hospital

Silence 49.2 50 51 53 56 57.0 58 54 56 53 59.0 57

Clock Tower Commercial 73.0 72 73 72 71 70.0 71 70 75 76 69.0 72

Gandhi Park Silence 53.0 54 55 56 58 59.0 60 61 62 60 53.0 54

Survey Chowk

Commercial 73.0 74 73 74 73 74.0 72 73 75 74 70.0 71

CMI Hospital Chowk

Commercial 71.0 72 73 74 75 74.0 75 73 74 75 60.0 62

Nehru Colony

Residential 52.0 53 54 55 56 57.0 56 54 55 56 54.0 55

Source: UEPPCB

Receptor/ Source

India National Noise Level

Standards (dBA)a

WHO Guidelines Value For Noise Levels

Measured Out of Doorsb

(One Hour LAq in dBA) Day Night 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00

Industrial area 75 70 70 70

Commercial area 65 55 70 70

Residential Area 55 45 55 45

Silent Zone 50 40 55 45 a Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010. b Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO. 1999

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C. Ecological Resources

Uttarakhand is beautiful state set at the foothills of the snow clad Himalayas with lush green vegetation. There is a diverse range of flora and fauna in Uttarakhand, India. The vegetation of the state majorly comprises alpine trees and tropical rainforests. Wildlife in Uttarakhand thrives in these dense forests. With the varied flora and fauna in Uttarakhand, a number of National Parks have been set up in different parts of the country, which not only serve as a natural habitat for Uttarakhand flora and fauna, but also as a huge source of information for tourists who visit these parks.

Uttarakhand comprises of 13 districts spreading over an area of 51,082 sq km, floristically, it falls under the west Himalayan Biogeography zone and it is well-known for floral diversity similar to any other Himalayan region in the country with an estimated 4,000 species of flowering plants having great economic medicinal, aromatic and artistic value. The endemic plant wealth of Uttarakhand is worth mentioning as it ultimately forms part of the National heritage. Uttarakhand Himalayas have about 116 species as indigenous group. Are naria ferruginea; Chimonobambusa jaunsarensis, Gentian tetrasepala, G. saginoides, Meeboldia solenoids, Microschoenus duthiei, Trachycarpus takil, Poa rhadina, etc. are some such species.

The area under forest in Uttarakhand is 3.4 million hectares, which constitutes 61.45% of its total land available for utilization. By legal status, reserve forests constitute 71.08%, protected forests 28.51% and unclassified forests 0.41% of the total forest area. The major forest types occurring in the state are Tropical Moist Deciduous, Tropical Dry Deciduous, Sub-tropical Pine, Himalayan Moist Temperate, Sub-Alpine and Alpine Forests. Forests are largely distributed throughout the state, with conifers and Sal being the major forest formation.

Figure 32: Forest cover map of Uttarakhand

Source: Forest Survey of India

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Ecology of Dehradun district is distinguished from most other districts in the state by the existence of very large forests chiefly stocked with sal. Forest products play an important role in the economy of the district. Besides, supplying fuel, fodder, bamboos and medicinal herbs, they also yield a variety of products like honey, lac, gum, resin, catechu, wax, horns and hides. The forests account for 1477 sq.kms of area, giving a percentage of 43.70 of the total area of the district. Vegetation of district Dehradun can be broadly classified into two forms, viz., Tropical and Temperate. Faunal biodiversity of Dehradun includes key species like Asiatic elephant, Bengal Tiger, Dhole, Wild Buffalo etc.

Dehradun City, the district head quarter, is an urban area surrounded by hilly forested areas. There is no remaining natural habitat within the developed area of the city. Some forest areas (Raipur Reserve Forest, Bandal Reserve Forest) are situated outside the Municipal area towards north and north-east. Variety of species of shrubs, climbing plants and grasses are found in these forests. Sal and Chir are predominant in and around Dehradun. The closest protected area is Rajaji National Park situated 10 km west of the Dehradun City. Designated as National Park in 1964, it spreads over an area of 820 square kilometres (sq. km) and is endowed with pristine beauty and rich bio-diversity. The other protected areas in the Dehradun district are: (i) Benog Wildlife Sanctuary near Mussooriee, north of Dehradun, and (ii) one Conserve Reserve (Asan reservoir & its environs), northwest of Dehradun.

None of the project components are falling within protected or forest areas and no wildlife has been reported within the proposed service area. There are no eco-sensitive or protected areas within proposed project activity areas of Package 1 comprising part of Municipal ward number 85 (Mothorowala). The closest protected areas are Rajaji National Park situated at a distance of 480 meters and New Forest Campus within 10 km radial distance from the proposed STP site at Daudwala respectively (Figure 33). This is based on the screening conducted using the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT). Other key biodiversity areas, Asan Barrage, Binog Sanctuary- Bhadraj- Jharipani, Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary and Simbalbara National Park, are found within 50 km radial distance (Appendix 8). The buffer area boundary of Lacchiwala Forest Range Is at a distance of about 420m towards east of the proposed STP location. Therefore, the project will pose no risk or impact on biodiversity and natural resources. The subproject components also do not fall within the ambit of Doon Valley Notification.

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Figure 33: Google Map showing Protected Sites within 5, 10 and 50 km radius area from the Daudwala STP site

Source: IBAT data

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Rajaji National Park (RNP) spread over an area of 819.54 sq. kms and lies between latitude 29º51'N-30º15'N and Longitude 77º 52'E-77º22E. The area of Rajaji National Park falls in three districts of Uttarakhand i.e. Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Garhwal.

Rajaji National Park has been declared Rajaji Tiger Reserve vide notification No. 130/X-2-201519(1)201, dated 18th April 2015. A total area of 1075.17 sq. km. has been declared as Rajaji Tiger Reserve. The Core Zone comprises the whole of Rajaji National Park is 819.54 sq km. The Buffer Zone has an area of 255.63 sq km which comprises of a reserve forest block (Bijni Beat) under the administrative control of RNP, part of Shyampur Range of Haridwar Forest Division and Laldhang & Kotdwar ranges of Lansdowne Forest Division.

Figure 34 : Map showing Rajaji National Park

The river Ganga bifurcates the Park into two distinct parts: the eastern part comprising of Chilla and Gohri range is about 250 sq. km. and the western part comprising of Hardwar, Dhaulkhand, Beriwara, Chillawali, Motichur, Kansaru and Ramgarh ranges is about 569.54 sq. km. Since the creation of Rajaji National Park, the journey of conservation has been very challenging. The park is surrounded by big cities like Dehradun, Haridwar and Rishikesh and many small and medium human habitations, industrial areas and commercial establishments like group housing, ashrams, hotels and resorts all around. The linear structures like national highways, railway track, power and irrigation channels passing through the park have fragmented the wildlife habitat which has further made the conservation, a more challenging job.

Rajaji National Park is predominantly formed from dense green jungles, and this environment forms a habitat for a number of animals. The park is at the North-western limit of distribution for both elephants and tigers in India. This area is reported to be under the management responsibility of State Forest Department of Uttarakhand.

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The Rajaji National Park was established in 1983 protecting sections of the tropical deciduous forest area of the Shivalik Hill range on the Himalayan foothills. The Park has a vast Sal forest, and mixed forest mostly covered with Acacia catechu and Vetiveria zizanioides. It is refuge to approximately 49 species of mammals, 315 species of birds, 49 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibians and 49 of Piscean species. This Park has the largest population of elephants in Uttarakhand and a large population of tigers and leopards. Notable animals seen in the park are the Wild Cat, Goral, Rhesus Macaque, Himalayan Yellow Throated Marten, Monitor, Lizard, Indian Hare, Sloth, Himalayan Black Bear, King Cobra, Jackal Barking Deer, Sambar, Wild boar, Indian Langur, Indian Porcupine and Pythons. The population of birds consists of the Great Pied Hornbill, Himalayan Pied Kingfisher, Sparrows, Fire Tailed Sunbird, and the Peacock (Indian National Bird). The faunal diversity of Rajaji National Park is given below:

Faunal Diversity at Rajaji National Park

Fauna Rajaji National Park

Mammals 49

Birds 315

Reptiles 49

Amphibia 10

Pisces 49

Chilopoda 7

Termites 21

Odonata 38

Lepidoptera 68

Lachhiwala Forest Range. The buffer area boundary of Lacchiwala Forest Range Is

situated at a distance of about 420 m towards east of the proposed STP location (Figure 34).

Encircled between Sal trees, Lachhiwala is a popular tourist destination especially during summers. It is well known for its forest scenic beauty, man-made water pools and bird watching. It is now known as Nature Park situated around 3 km from Doiwala and 22 Kms from Dehradun, on the Haridwar/Rishikesh road is Lachhiwala. The serene and blissful spot is famous for its picnic spots. Its major attractions are the verdant forest, man-made water pools and a scenic setting, all overseen by the forest department. A stream from Suswa River is collected in number of pools. Local forest authorities estimate that around at least 250,000 people visit the site each year, with peak season footfall in April–May comfortably exceeding 5000 people per day.

In Lachhiwala forest, SAL is the dominant over story species with Malloyus philippenis

as the co-dominant tree and Clerodendron viscosum and Lantana camara as associate understory species16. It also has trees like Anogeissus latifolia, Ardisia solanacea, Bauhinia variegate, Flacourtia indica ets and shrubs & Herbs like Adhatoda vasica, Anogeissus latifolia, Colebrookia oppositifolia, Cordia myxa, Boehmeria macrophylla, Cyperus iria, Jasminum multiflorum, Ichnocarpus frutescens etc.17

16 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316432294_Seasonal-

based_analysis_of_vegetation_response_to_environmental_variables_in_mountainous_forests_of_Western_Himalaya_using_Landsat_8_data

17 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263185348_PLANT_DIVERSITY_AND_STRUCTURE_OF_SUB-

TROPICAL_SHOREA_ROBUSTA_GAERTN_F_SAL_FORESTS_OF_DOON_VALLEY_INDIA

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Wildlife such as Leopard, Barking Deer, Spotted Deer, Wild boar, Porcupine etc. is

reported from this range forest. The bird diversity of this area includes Eurasian Hoopoe, Red-wattled Lapwing, Plum-headed Parakeet, Red-rumped Swallow, Scaly-breasted Munia, Yellow-breasted Greenfinch etc.18

Rajaji National Park Eco Sensitive Zone: Rajaji National Park is surrounded by Dehradun Forest Division, Lansdowne Forest Division, Hardwar Forest Division, Narendra Nagar Forest Division and Shivalik Forest Division of Uttar Pradesh. A number of wildlife corridors exist between Rajaji National Park and these forest divisions. Some of the prominent wildlife corridors are Kansrau-Barkot, Chilla-Motichur, Motichur-Gohri and Rawasan-Sonanadi through Lansdowne Forest Division. Thus, in these areas there is a need to declare Eco Sensitive Zones around the Rajaji National Park to promote conservation of the biodiversity through sustainable development.

Under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, The Central Government notifies an area around the boundary of Rajaji National Park and Rajaji Tiger Reserve in the Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri of districts of Uttarakhand as the Rajaji National Park and Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Eco-sensitive Zone vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 201819. The extent of Eco-sensitive Zone varies from zero (due to Inter-State boundary) to 10 km around the Rajaji National Park and Rajaji Tiger Reserve. The area of Eco-sensitive Zone is 372.18 square kilometres of which 255.63 sq. km is forest land and 116.55 sq. km. is non-forest land. As per the ESZ Notification Infrastructure activities including civic amenities shall be done with mitigation measures, as per applicable laws, rules and regulation and available guidelines within. Rain water harvesting is also actively promoted.

The STP site proposed at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala is located in an developing area and is surrounded by settlements in all directions except in the eastern side where Bindal River is flowing .The Rajaji National Park is around 480 m from the proposed 11 MLD STP site. As per the Eco-sensitive zone boundary of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 2018 no project components of Banjarawala Package 1 falls within the boundary of Eco-Sensitive Zone and the proposed STP site is about 210 m from Eco-sensitive zone boundary (Figure 35). The project area mainly comprises semi urban and habitation areas, with agricultural as well as vacant barren lands.

18 https://ebird.org/hotspot/L6932169 19 http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/rajaji-1.pdf

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Figure 34: Map showing distance of Rajaji National Park & Lacchiwala Forest Range from the STP location

A discussion was held on 28th June 2021, with Mr. D.K. Singh, Director, Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Mr. Ajay Negi, Draughtsman and Mr Vijay Negi, Surveyor of Rajaji Tiger Reserve with the UUDSA representatives (Mr Suresh Chandra Khanduri, Consultant, DSC-UIRUDP-UUSDA; Mr Akshay Pandrikar, Ecology & Bio-diversity Expert, TCE and Mr Rajesh Bahuguna, IECO-UIRUDP-UUSDA, Dehradun) regarding proposed sewerage and water supply project and its ecological implications. The summary of MoM are given below:

(i) It was informed that one unit of 11 MLD capacity, Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) with Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) based technology is proposed at Daudwala, Indrapuri Farm. The project includes development of water supply and sewerage system involving STP, trunk sewer and allied works including 05 years operation and maintenance, at Banjarawala under the ADB funded Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project (UIRUDP).

(ii) It was informed by the UIRUDP officials working under the Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA), Department of Urban Development, Government of Uttarakhand that the proposed STP site is about 480m away from Rajaji Tiger Reserve boundary and 210m from the boundary of the Eco Sensitive Zone (Figure 35)

(iii) As per the officials of Rajaji Tiger Reserve movement of wild and endangered animals were not reported in recent times in and around the proposed STP location and Package 1 project coverage area.

(iv) It was also clarified by the Rajaji Tiger Reserve officials that as per the Eco-sensitive zone notification activities such as Drinking Water Supply, Sewerage and Rainwater harvesting are under the permitted category,

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(v) It was further clarified by Rajaji Tiger Reserve officials that the Eco-sensitive zone of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 2018 the proposed location of STP at Daudwala, Indrapuri Farm, Banjarawala and other project components do not fall within the eco-sensitive zone. Hence the conditions of the Notification is not applicable to the proposed project.

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Figure 35: Project STP Location and ESZ boundary

Source: The Gazette of India. MOEF&CC Notification,21st May, 2018

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Flora and Fauna within the Study Area (Non Forest Areas) of Banjarawala Package 1. The trees found in the non-forest area of study area are of dhak (Butea monosperma), conla (Emblica officinalis), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), ashok (Polyalthia longifolia), asna (Terminalia alata), bahera (Terminalia bellirica), bargad (Ficus bengalensis), barhal (Artocarpus lakoocha), bel (Aegle marmelos), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tere-ticornis), gular (Ficus glomerata), gul mohar (Delonix regia), jamun (Suzygium cumini), kaitha (Feronia limonia), katahal (Arto-carpus heterophyllus), khair (acacia indica), mahua (Madhuka indica), liteni (Naphelium litchi), neem (Azadirachta indica), pipal (Ficus religiosa), sagon (Tectona grandis), silver oak (Grevilea robusta), kala siris (Albizia lebbek), safed siris (Albizia lebbek) and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo).

Grasses like dub (Cynedon dactylon), Baib (Enlaliopis bineta), kans (Saccharum spontaneum) and spear grass are also found in the district.. There are some Litchi trees mango tree orchards commonly seen in the study area. These are in private orchards

The study area harbours common rural species. The most commonly found animals are Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), Indian fox (Vulpesben galensis) sambhar (Gervus unicolor), hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), hare (Lepus ruficandatus), porcupine (Hystrix indica), jungle cat (Felis chaus), jackal (Canis aureus), mongoose (Harpestes edwardsi), monkey (Innus rhesus) and squirrel (Funambulus pennauti).

Variety of birds are found in the study area. The most common among the game birds is the partridge (Francolines pondicerianus) which occurs everywhere and is locally known as titar. Other types of partridge, such as kala titar or black partridge (Francolines vulgaris), gray parridge (Francolines Pondicerianus) are found near the forests. Among the quails the most common are the bater (Coturnix communis) and the lava (Perdicula asiatica) which are usually found in the bushes. Other birds found in the district are kabutar or pigeon (Columbialivia), fakhta or dove streptopelia decacte), parkia or turtle dove (Streptopelia chinensis), harial (Streptopelia senegalensis), peacock (Pavo cristatus), snipe or chaha (Capella gallinago), lal sir (Netta rufina), white-eyed pochard or khanjan (Aythya rufa), nil sir (Anas Platy rhynchos), seekhpar (Anas acuta), jal murgi (Amaurornis phoeonucums).

Fish – Fish are found in the rivers, and village ponds of the district, the common species being rohu (Labeo rohua), karonch (Labeo calbasu), Khursa (Labeo gonius), nain (Corrine mrigala). Catla (Catla Catla), bam (Mastacenbelus armatus), and silond (Silondia silondia).

Reptiles – Snakes are common in the area especially in the rural area the Chief being the Cobra (Naja naja), Karait (Bungrus caeruleus) and water snake (Natrix piscator). The other reptiles are the chameleon (girgit), the goh and the Chhipkali (liazard).

D. Economic Development

1. Land use

Land use. The world has seen the development and growth of urban areas at a faster pace. The rapid urban growth and development have resulted in the increase in the share of India’s urban population from 79 million in 1961 that was about 17.92 percent of India’s total population to 388 million in 2011 that is 31.30 percent of India’s total population. This fast rate of increase in urban population is mainly due to large scale migration of people from rural and smaller towns to bigger cities in search of better employment opportunities and better quality of

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life. Urban sprawl has resulted in loss of productive agricultural lands, open green spaces and loss of surface water bodies.

Landuse/Landcover (LUCC) is an important indicator in understanding the interactions between human activities and the environment. The rapid changes of land cover are often characterized by urban sprawl, farmland displacement and deforestation leading to the loss of arable land, habitat destruction, and the decline of the natural greenery areas. The loses have a substantial impact on urban environmental conditions such as biodiversity, climate change, and atmosphere particulate pollution at local and/or global scales.

A study on Urban Sprawl and its impact on landuse/landcover dynamics of Dehradun city, India carried out by Bhat et.al (2017) using remote sensing and GIS techniques was published in the International Journal of Sustainable Built depicts that the current trend of urban growth has the most obvious environmental impacts on the surrounding ecosystems, land resources, structure and pattern of the urban area and hence quality of life. The study area is part of the Dehradun city and is located at 30o19’ N latitude and 78o20’ E longitude. The area is underwent large urban land use changes in the last few years. It was also found that some kind of urbanization is undergoing in the protected areas of the region. There are significant spatial and temporal changes in the pattern of land use/land cover in the city of Dehradun as shown in Table 26.. The positive changes were observed in the Urban and built up, fallow and forest land classes. The negative changes were observed in forest, Agriculture, Mixed vegetation and River bed. The study shows that there is a remarkable urban sprawl in and around the city between 2004 and 2014 because 6.13 sq.km of agricultural land, fallow land and vacant land has been lost to built-up land during this period. Based on these findings, the study area has undergone considerable changes. in the pattern and structure of urban features. The landscape analysis has also been supported by the urban sprawl measurement. The results of the sprawl measurement reveal that there has been high rate of sprawl and dispersed nature of urban development between 2004 and 2014.

There is a remarkable change in the agricultural land with a negative growth of 9.47 percent (Table 26). It decreased about 39 percent from 25.45 sq.km to 17.65 sq.km between 2004 and 2014. Out of these eight classes, forests cover only 2.13 sq. km in 2014, while as it was about 2.54 sq.km in 2004, thus showing a negative growth of about 0.50 percent. This area may be termed as environmentally conserved. The river bed and restricted area has almost remained unchanged. Mixed vegetation in the form of plantation has decreased from 7.96 sq.km in 2004 to 4.85 sq.km in 2014, thus showing a negative trend of 3.76 percent.

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Figure 36: Landuse/Landcover Map 2002

Figure 37: Landuse / Landcover Map 2014

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Figure 38: Landuse/Landcover Change Detection Map (2004 – 2014)

Table 26: Overall Percentage Change in Different Class

Land Use Type

Area 2004 (sq.km)

Area 2014 (sq.km)

Change in area (sq.km)

Percentage Change (%)

Urban and built up 27.16 34.08 6.92 8.4

Agriculture 25.45 17.65 -7.8 -9.47

Forest 2.54 2.13 -0.41 -0.5

Fallow 13.97 17.5 3.53 -4.21

River Bed 0.89 1.54 0.65 0.79

Vacant Land 4.31 3.81 -0.5 -0.61

Restricted Area 0.41 0.41 0 0

Mixed Vegetation 7.96 4.85 -3.11 -3.76

82.69 81.97

The service area proposed under Banjarawala Package 1 sub-project is located in

the southern part of newly expanded Dehradun city which consists parts of ward nos 85 (Mothorowala). Until 2017 these wards / areas were outside the limits of Dehradun Municipal Corporation (DMC). After the 2018 re-boundary mission of Dehradun city, these areas have now become part of the DMC and as such are now part of Dehradun city. These newly merged areas and its infrastructures are mainly designed for serving rural population. However, due to proximity of State highway and Dehradun urban areas, these areas have been drastically developed and now these have been part of Dehradun Nagar Nigam.

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As per the Dehradun Master Plan - 2025 (revised) on Dehradun Nagar Nigam, the main land use classes along with areas of the Banjarawala Package 1, 2 and 3 comprising of ward nos 83 (Kedarpur), 84 (Banjarawala) and 85 (Mothrowala) are given below in Table 27 and Figure 39. Residential land is the main land category comprising about 63% of the total area. Agricultural and Forest lands occupies about 11% and 2.5% of lands respectively. About 23% lands not Notified as per the Master plan (Table 27)

Table 27: Land use data as per Master plan -2025 of Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Land area Details of Banjarawala Dehradun (Package-1,2,3)

Land AREA (sqm) Area (%)

Total Land Area 9815106.711

Residence Land area 6209424.057 63.26

Non-Notified Area 2280439.246 23.23

Agriculture Land Area 1076926.853 10.97

Forest Land Area 248318.448 2.53

Total Area

100

Source: Dehradun Nagar Nigam

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Figure 39 : Dehradun Master Plan -2025 Showing Banjarawala Package 1 Sub-project Area

Source: Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Banjarawala Package 1

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2. Industry & Agriculture

Economy of Dehradun is mainly service sector based. Industrial development is very limited. After the formation as a separate state in 2000, the industrial development in Uttarakhand has been picked up. There are no major industries located in and around the Dehradun City. The Dehradun District houses 37 large and medium scale industrial units (which include 7 chemical/pharmaceutical units, 8 electrical and 4 food processing units) providing employment for about 8,278 persons. Though these units are not located in the City, Dehradun benefits from the presence of these industries as a service provider.

The main source of economy in Dehradun is its tourist places. The city's economy is enhanced by the presence of nearby national parks, mountain peaks and historical sites. Dehradun has a per capita income close to $2400 (per 2012 figures: national average $800). It has enjoyed strong economic growth in the last 20 years. Dehradun has experienced a commercial and information technology upswing, amplified by the establishment of software technology parks of India (STPI) and SEZs (Special economic zones) throughout. Regional offices of Genpact, Spice Digital, Serco, Aptara and IndiaMART are present in Dehradun. A number of manufacturing units are present in the Selaqui area.

Major defense production establishments include the Ordnance Factory Dehradun, the Opto Electronics Factory of the Ordnance Factories Board, Defense Electronics Application Laboratory and Instruments Research and Development Establishment of the Defense Research and Development Organization which manufactures products for the Indian Armed Forces. Many of these are located in the Raipur area. The Ordnance Factory estate is located in the middle of mountains. The state government has announced construction of a film city in Dehradun

Owing to its hilly topography, agricultural development in the state is also limited. Although limited, the State draws advantage from fertile lands availability of abundant water. Dehradun and surroundings were well known for production the famous “Basmati” rice crop. However, of late, the development pressure has conversed many of these agricultural lands. Also, nestled in a wide and thickly forested valley of the Sivalik ranges, Dehradun is also famous for its fruit orchards such as leechis and mangoes.

3. Existing Infrastructure

Water Supply. The water supply system was introduced in Dehradun in 1885. Pipelines were laid from a natural spring at Kolukhet situated 25 km from Dehradun. The water supply system was re-modeled and underwent major augmentation between 1936 and 1937. Source of water supply for the city is combination of surface and subsurface water. The existing water supply system in Dehradun city, which is more than 30 years old, consists of three sub systems viz. North zone, South zone and Pithuwala zone. The North zone is supplied mostly with surface water sources, and south and Pithuwala zones are supplied with ground water from tube wells located at various places in the city.

At present, ground water is the main source, providing 76% of its total supply 102 MLD.

Water supply system covers almost the entire City with a distribution network of 1964 km. Due to old system, water losses are high. Water is supplied four hours a day; but supply is not constant throughout the City owing to system defects. Water is currently supplied through mobile tankers in some areas. Average per capita supply is about 124 litres per day.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Uttarakhand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_economic_zones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genpact

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Digital

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serco

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptara

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndiaMART

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance_Factories_Board

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Electronics_Application_Laboratory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_Research_and_Development_Establishment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces

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Uttarakhand Peya Jal Nigam (UPJN) and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) have respectively involved in development and day-to-day operation of water supply system.

In some of the areas coming under the present sub-project, water supply scheme was executed/being executed by the UJS under various schemes. Information gathered from UJS related to existing water supply works are summarized below:

Banjarawala, Mothrowala & Kedarpur: Water Supply distribution network in DMA-1 is done under the World Bank Project. five nos. of tube wells viz. 1) at Saket Farm near the Bindal River Bridge (Haridwar Road) 2) at Banjarawala Inter College 3) at Bangali Kothi 4) at PNB ATM and 5) at Motrowala exists in the project area. There are three existing overhead tanks in the sub-project area i.e. 250 KL near PNB ATM, 1000 KL at Mothrowala and 800 KL at Bangali Kothi. The distribution network in the sub-project area is laid over a period of time.

Storm Water Drainage System. Owing to high rainfall and the hilly topography, natural

drainage is well developed in Dehradun. Roadside drains, connected to natural streams, are developed all over the City, except in newly added areas and few slums. However, the conditions of most of the drains need cleaning, re-modelling and repairs. Temporary flooding, mainly due to choking and encroachment of drains, is experienced in some low-lying areas during monsoon The Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN) develops and maintains the storm water drainage system in the City.

The subproject area is newly incorporated/merged into Dehradun Municipal Corporation.

Presently there is no proper storm water drainage system. To make matters worse, sewage from the septic tanks constructed as part of individual houses is flowing into these drains because there is no sewerage system. Some of the major nallas passing through this sub project area are in dilapidated condition and are choked by garbage and debris

Due to hilly terrain, Dehradun has a natural drainage pattern with sufficient gradients to

drain off storm water easily into the two main natural drainage, streams i.e. rivers Bindal and Rispana. The slope of both the main rivers i.e Rispana and Bindal is from North to South. Practically the whole town, wherever Roads or brick pavement exist have some or the other kind of side drains leading to storm water drains except in slums or some parts of peripherals areas which have recently been included in the limits of Nagar Nigam.

Proposed service area under the subproject is part of the Bindal River catchment,

which drains out the water from Suswa and Song river into Ganga river. The discharge from stormwater drains of the project area is proposed at six outfall locations, for Banjarawala Package 1. The outfalls are proposed into Bindal river. The Bindal river in turn joins River Ganga.

Practically the whole town, wherever Roads or brick pavement exist have some or the other kind of side drains leading to storm water drains except in slums or some parts of peripherals areas which have recently been included in the limits of Nagar Nigam. However, the conditions of most of the drains need cleaning re-modeling and repairs. There are 8 Nos. of drainage basin covering the town are : (i) Bindal Basin; (ii) Bindal Sub Basin No.1; (iii) Bindal Sub Basin No.2;(iv) Bindal Sub Basin No.3; (v) Rispana Basin; (vi) Asan River Basin; (vii) Dulhani River Basin; (viii) Tons River Basin and (ix) Song River Basin. The Name of the main drains discharging their flow in to Rispana and Bindal rivers and the catchment areas draining to these are given below in table 26 and 27

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Table 16: Major Drains Joining River Rispana S.NO Name of the Drains Length (km)/Width (m) Area connected with Drains

1 I.T. Park Drain 2.8 km

Width 3 to 5 m i. Dhoran Village

ii. Shastara Dhara Road Rajeshwar Rao Nagar

2 Mayur Vihar Drain 5.4 km Width 3 to 5 m

i. Sondhowali ii. Chindowali

iii. Mayur vihar iv. Keval vihar v. Suman Puri

State Bank colony 3 Ambiwala Gurudwara

Nala 6 km

Width 3 to 4 m i. Badrish colony

ii. Jyoti Vihar iii. Dharampur Danda

iv. Shastri Nagar v. Defence colony

Inderpur 4 Nehru colony I block by

pass 3.7 km

Width 1.5 m i. Nehru colony

ii. Haridwar road iii. Pragati vihar iv. Saket colony

v. Rispana puram Dharampur

5 Survey chowk upto Rajpur road Deal

3 km Width 1.2 m

i. Karanpur ii. Old Dalanwala

iii. Vikas lane iv. Azaad colony v. Adarsh vihar

Deal colony 6 Nala Panichowk 1 km

Width 1.2 m i. Vikas lane colony D-2.3,4

ii. Kewal vihar iii. Sumanpuri Nala Pani road


Table 27 : Major Drains joining River Bindal

Sl.No. Name of Drains Length/(km) width(m) Connected areas

1 From Brijlok to New cant Road Nala

4.5 km width 6m

i. Salawala ii. Chandralok colony iii. Dilaram Bazaar iv. New cant. road v. Rajpur Road

2 Mannu Ganj Nala 4.8 km width 3m to 5 m

i. Ghantaghar to Moti Bazaar

ii. Neshvilla road iii. Mannu Ganj iv. Moti Bazaar v. Anand Chowk vi. Dandipur vii. Khadri viii. Jilak Road

3 Govind Garh Nala 2.5 km width 2m to 4 m

i. Shanti vihar ii. Teachers colony iii. Rajendra nagar

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Sl.No. Name of Drains Length/(km) width(m) Connected areas

iv. Saiyyed Mohalla v. Yamuna colony

4 Chorakhala Nala 1 km width 2m to width

i. Mitralok ii. Deeplok iii. Akashdeep iv. Rajender Bag b- block

5 Bhandari Bagh Nala 3.5 km width 4 to 6 m

i. Lakshmi bagh ii. Vishvakarma colony iii. Bhandari Bagh iv. Pathari Bagh v. THDC colony

6 Chandra Nagar to Race course drain

5.5 km width 2 to 5 m width

i. Haridwar road ii. Race course iii. Chander Nagar iv. Police line v. Race course A.B.C

block vi. Saraswati Vihar

7 Subhash Road Police head office

4 km width 1.5 m

i. Subhash road ii. Cross road iii. New survey road iv. Kacchari road v. Chander Nagar

8 Asian school Nala 2.2 km width 3m

i. Ganga Vihar ii. Kalindi Enclave iii. Kanwali village iv. Engineer Enclave v. Om vihar vi. Shastri Nagar


Sewerage. Since the re-boundary of Dehradun in 2018, Dehradun Municipal

Corporation has extended its municipal boundary limit by merging nearby Urbanised areas. Thus, there are 100 number wards in the jurisdiction of Dehradun Nagar Nigam. Taking cognizance of the newly merged areas to the Dehradun Municipal Corporation, four additional zones namely Zones 7, 8, 9 and 10 have been made after giving due consideration to the topography within the new municipal boundaries. After addition of these four new zones, there will be total 10 zones in Dehradun (Figure 40). These four zones are located in the southern and south-eastern parts of Dehradun. There is no existing sewerage system in the newly added areas... In most of the areas, sewage from the individual septic tanks exit/seep/flow/overflow directly into the nearby storm water drains. In some of the areas located adjoining to the nala sewage directly discharges into nala. (Refer photographs in Appendix 29). Open defecation is not uncommon. Most of the residential and commercial buildings and educational institutions have on-site septic tanks and soak pits. Though septic tank is an accepted onsite treatment, but as the septic tanks are not designed and maintained properly, the effluent does not confirm to the standards. The effluent from the septic tanks is directly let into the open drains. In the absence of a safe disposal system for sewage, the people are facing unhealthy and unhygienic environmental conditions.

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Figure 40: Sewerage Zones in Dehradun

Source: Detailed Project Report

Solid waste management: According to the “Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN)” the city on an average, generates about 200 MT of MSW per day. The assessment is based on the assumption of per capita generation @ 0.4kg/capita/day. Besides domestic, other major sources of MSW generation of the city are shops and commercial establishments, hotels and restaurants and fruit and vegetable markets. The DDN is responsible for solid waste management including collection, transportation and safe disposal. Waste is collected through community bins, and the DDN also introduced door-to-door waste collection in part of the City. Street sweeping is carried out regularly. Collected waste is transported to the disposal site at Lakhani, 7 km northeast, where waste is disposed in trenches and covered with soil.

Transportation: Dehradun has a well-developed road network of 463 km, of which 363

km are maintained by DDN and the rest by Public Works Department (PWD). Arterial roads are wide and surfaced with bitumen, and the internal roads are mostly of cement concrete. Roads in the City centre are very narrow and congested with traffic and pedestrian, and in the out areas roads are comparatively wide and under-utilised. City public transportation system mainly comprises buses and three wheeler auto-rickshaws. National highways (NH) 72 and 72A pass through the City and is well connected by road with New Delhi (255 km) and other cities Chandigarh (130 km); Haridwar (54 km); Agra (382 km); Shimla (221 km) and Nainital (297 km).

Sewerage Zones in Dehradun

Zone 5

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Zone 1

Zone 6

Zone 7Zone 8

Zone 9

Zone 10

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The city is connected to other parts of the state through various radial roads. These roads are originating from the city core with Rajpur road, Haridwar road, Saharanpur road and Chakrata Road and forming the major travel corridors. NH-72 passes through the city connecting Rishikesh and Haridwar in the east to Himachal Pradesh in the western side. NH-72A connects the city with Saharanpur in the S-W and Roorkee in the south. Other important roads in the city are Kaulagarh road, Raipur road, Sahastradhara road, Kanwli Road, New Cantonment Road, Subhas Road and East Canal Road.

Dehradun is also well connected by railways with regular services to Delhi Calcutta,

Mumbai, Varanasi and Lucknow.

Dehradun railway station is part of the Northern Railways (NR) zone, railway station was established in year 1899 by Britishers, it is the last station on the Northern railway line in the area.

Dehradun is served by Dehradun Airport, also known as Jolly Grant Airport which began its commercial operations in on 30 March 2008. The airport is 27 kilometres (17 mi) from the city centre and lies in Doiwala. The nearest international airport is in New Delhi.. There is also a helicopter service from Dehradun to Chinyalisour a town in Uttarkashi district and Gauchar. .

Power supply: Hydro power is the main source of energy in Uttarakhand. Uttarakhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (UJVNL) is responsible for power generation and Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited (UPCL) is responsible for power transmission and distribution in the State. Power is supplied from the central grid by overhead cables carried on metal and concrete poles, mainly located in public areas alongside roads. The power supply is erratic and there are frequent outages in warmer months, and large fluctuations in voltage

Irrigation practices. Both surface and subsurface sources are being developed for

irrigation purpose. The perennial rivers/ springs/ gadheras are being developed by constructing canals and guls. Canals in District Dehradun run for a length of 786 km. There are four main canal systems namely Bijapur, Rajpur, Kalanga and Jakhan. These canal systems were developed during the British period and now being maintained by the state irrigation department. The Rajpur canal system, Jakhan canal system, Kalanga canal system, and Bijapur canal system have 7,5,7 and 10 number of canals, respectively. Sub surface water is developed through tubewells. Most of these tubewells are located in the Intermentane Doon Valley tapping the Doon Gravels. Besides the canals and tubewells, there are other irrigation practices like pump sets, hydrum, hauz, tanks etc.

Healthcare. The healthcare facilities in Dehradun consist of private and public hospitals,

formal and informal service providers as well as secondary and tertiary healthcare with single clinic doctors. In spite of having special status under the National Health Mission, the city is facing healthcare crisis due to shortage of medical manpower in the state and financial constraints. Hospitals and medical centres in the Dehradun are plagued by non-functioning equipment in the operating theatre and insufficient number of labour rooms. ]Hospitals in the city include the Doon Hospital, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic Hospital, Combined Medical Institute (CMI) Hospital, Luthra Hospital, and Government Hospital Premnagar (managed by the state government).

E. Socio Cultural Resources

1. Demography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun_railway_station

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Railways

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun_Airport

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doiwala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_airport

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarkashi_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauchar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Mission

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The Dehradun city is located in Uttarakhand state of India. Dehradun city is governed by Municipal Corporation which comes under Dehradun Metropolitan Region. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Dehradun in 2011 is 569,578; of which male and female are 298,638 and 270,940 respectively. Although Dehradun city has population of 569,578; its urban / metropolitan population is 706,124 of which 372,362 are males and 333,762 are females. Total no. of Slums in Dehradun city & its Out Growth numbers 32,861 in which population of 158,542 resides. This is around 27.58% of total population of Dehradun city & its outgrowth which is 574,840. The sex ratio of the city is 907 per 1000 males. And child sex ratio of is 873 girls per 1000 boys, lower than the national average. There are 31,600 boys and 27,580 are girls.]The child forms 10.59% of total population of Dehradun City. The number of children of age under six in Dehradun city is 60,339 as per figure from Census India report on 2011.

Hindi, the official state language, is the primary language in Dehradun. English is also

used, particularly by defence wing and the white-collar workforce. Other major regional languages are Garhwali, which is spoken by 23%, Kumaoni 20%, Jaunsari 1.3% and Nepali 1.1%.

Hinduism is majority religion in Dehradun city with 82.53 % followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city of Dehradun with approximately 11.75 % following it. In Dehradun city, Christianity is followed by 1.06 %, Jainism by 0.63 %, Sikhism by 3.50 % and Buddhism by 3.50 %. Around 0.01 % stated 'Other Religion’; approximately 0.24 % stated 'No Particular Religion'.

Literacy rate of Dehradun at 88.36 percent is the highest in the region. Male literacy is 91.76 percent and female literacy is 84.63 percent. Total 449,950 people are literate in Dehradun of which males and females are 244,462and 205,488 respectively.

The City has been growing steadily since 1971. The growth of the city has been

phenomenal during 1991-2001 when there was an influx of population of immigrants to this town. However, thereafter also the growth was not stable. The average decadal increase is 36.5%. The last decadal (2001-2011) growth is only 27.14%. Details of decadal population growth rate of Dehradun city is shown in Table 28 and Demographic Statistics of Dehradun municipal areas as per Census 2011 has been shown in Table 29.

As per 2011 Census India, population of Banjarawala Package 1, 2 and 3 comprising

wards 83 (Kedrapur), 84 (Banjarawala) and 85 (Mothorowala) is 19575. Hinduism is majority religion in the project area. Apart from Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni and Nepali are the major languages spoken by the poject area people. Table 28: Population and decadal growth rate of Dehradun Municipal Area

Sl. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate

1 1971 166000 -

2 1981 211000 27.11%

3 1991 270000 27.96%

4 2001 448000 65.93%

https://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/24-dehradun.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunsari_language





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Sl. No. Year Population Decadal Growth Rate

5 2011 569578 27.14%

Source: Census of India & DPR.

Table 29: Demographic Statistics of Dehradun Municipal Area

Population Persons Males Females

Total 5,69,578 2,98,638 2,70,940

In the age group 0-6 years 60,339 32,220 28,119

Scheduled Castes (SC) 69,239 36,422 32,817

Scheduled Tribes (ST) 4,386 2,336 2,050

Literates 4,49,950 2,44,462 2,05,488

Illiterate 1,19,628 54,176 65,452

Total Worker 1,92,518 1,55,110 37,408

Main Worker 1,71,719 1,41,629 30,090

Main Worker - Cultivator 798 642 156

Main Worker - Agricultural Laborers 1,911 1,590 321

Main Worker - Household Industries 7,442 6,046 1,396

Main Worker - Other 1,61,568 1,33,351 28,217

Marginal Worker 20,799 13,481 7,318

Marginal Worker - Cultivator 388 198 190

Marginal Worker - Agriculture

Laborers

822 650 172

Marginal Worker - Household

Industries

1,243 651 592

Marginal Workers - Other 18,346 11,982 6,364

Marginal Worker (3-6 Months) 18,182 11,624 6,558

Marginal Worker - Cultivator (3-6 Months) 374 189 185


Laborers (3-6 Months)

587 441 146

Marginal Worker - Household

Industries (3-6 Months)

1,020 535 485

Marginal Worker - Other (3-6 Months) 16,201 10,459 5,742

Marginal Worker (0-3 Months) 2,617 1,857 760

Marginal Worker - Cultivator (0-3 Months) 14 9 5


Laborers (0-3 Months)

235 209 26

Marginal Worker - Household Industries (0-3 Months) 223 116 107

Marginal Worker - Other Workers (0-

3 Months)

2,145 1,523 622

Non Worker 3,77,060 1,43,528 2,33,532 Source: Census of India, 2011

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2. History, Culture and Tourism

History: The history of the city of Uttarakhand, Dehradun (nicknamed "Doon Valley") is linked to the story of Ramayana and Mahabharata. It is believed that after the battle between Ravana and Lord Rama, Lord Rama and his brother Lakshmana visited this site. Also, known as 'Dronanagari' on the name of Dronacharya, legendary Royal guru to the Kauravas and Pandavas in the epic Mahabharata is believed to have been born and resided in Dehradun. Evidences such as ancient temples and idols have been found in the areas surrounding Dehradun which have been linked to the mythology of Ramayana and Mahabharata. These relics and ruins are believed to be around 2000 years old. Furthermore, the location, the local traditions and the literature reflect this region's links with the events of Mahabharata and Ramayana. Even after the battle of Mahabharata, the Pandavas had influence on this region as the rulers of Hastinapura with the descendants of Subahu ruled the region as subsidiaries. Likewise, Rishikesh is mentioned in the pages of history when Lord Vishnu answered the prayers of the saints, slaughtered the demons and handed the land to the saints. The adjoining place called Chakrata has its historical impression during the time of Mahabharata.

In the seventh century this area was known as Sudhanagara and was described by the Chinese traveller Huen Tsang. Sudhanagara later came to be recognized as Kalsi. Edicts of Ashoka have been found in the region along the banks of river Yamuna in Kalsi indicating the wealth and importance of the region in ancient India. In the neighboring region of Haripur, ruins were discovered from the time of King Rasala which also reflects the region's prosperity. Before the name of Dehradun was used, the place is shown on old maps as Gurudwara (a map by Webb, 1808) or Gooroodwara (a map by Gerard, 1818). Gerard's map names the place as "Dehra or Gooroodwara". Surrounding this original Sikh temple were many small villages that are now the names of parts of the modern city.

Dehradun itself derives its name from the historical fact that Ram Rai, the eldest son of the Seventh Sikh Guru Har Rai, set up his "Dera" (camp) in "dun" (valley) in 1676. This 'Dera Dun' later on became Dehradun.

The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb was highly impressed by the miraculous powers of charismatic Ram Rai. He asked the contemporary Maharaja of Garhwal, Fateh Shah to extend all possible help to Ram Rai. Initially a Gurudwara (temple) was built in Dhamawala. The construction of the present building of Darbar Shri Guru Ram Rai Ji Maharaj was completed in 1707. There are portraits of gods, goddesses, saints, sages and religious stories on the walls. There are pictures of flowers and leaves, animals and birds, trees, similar faces with pointed noses and big eyes on the arches which are the symbol of the colour scheme of Kangra-Guler art and Mughal art. High minarets and round pinnacles are the models of the Muslim architecture. The huge pond in the front measuring 230 x 80 feet had dried up for want of water over the years. People had been dumping rubbish; it has been renovated and revived.

Dehradun was invaded by Mahmud of Ghazni during his campaigns into India followed by Timur in 1368, Rohilla chief Najib ad-Dawlah in 1757 and Ghulam Qadir in 1785. In 1806 Nepalese King Prithvi Narayan Shah united many of the Indian territories that now fell under places such as Almora, Pathankot, Kumaon, Garhwal, Sirmur, Shimla, Kangra and Dehradun.

On the western front Garhwal and parts of Himachal Pradesh up to Punjab and on the eastern front the state of Sikkim up to Darjeeling became parts of Nepal for a brief period until the British East India Company went on war from 1814 to 1816. The war ended with signing of the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmana

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronacharya

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauravas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandavas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastinapura

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subahu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishikesh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakrata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huen_Tsang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edicts_of_Ashoka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edicts_of_Ashoka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateh_Shah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari_art

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari_art

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_art

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almora

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathankot

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaon_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirmur_State

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company

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Treaty of Sugowli where almost a third was ceded to British East India Company. The British got Dehradun in 1816 and colonised Landour and Mussoorie in 1827–1828.

Post independence Dehradun and other parts of Garhwal and Kumaon were merged

with United Provinces which was later renamed the state of Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, Uttarakhand state (earlier called Uttaranchal) was created from the northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh under the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000. Dehradun was made its interim capital.

Culture and Tourism. After becoming the capital, there has been continuous growth in

education, communication and transport. As the state capital, Dehradun is home to many governments institutions. Dehradun is one of the oldest cities in the country and therefore, it is highly rich in culture and heritage. Even amidst all the technology and modernization, the locals of Dehradun are loyal to their traditions, and at every occasion or festival, they proactively take part in all the celebrations. Since Dehradun is a major part of the Garhwal Region, the city is greatly influenced by the Garhwali Culture. Dehradun has been home to artists and writers including Stephen Alter, Nayantara Sahgal, Allan Sealy, Ruskin Bond and also to country singer Cash. Dehradun was home to freedom fighters whose names are engraved in gold on the Clock Tower. It was called "The Gray City" in the initial days because ex-Army officers and VIPs considered this place ideal for residence after retirement.

Woolen blankets are typical of this region and worn by people living at high altitude. The traditional dresses of Dehradun are colorful and vibrant. Women’s’ traditional costume usually includes Bandhani, Ghagra Choli, Lehengas, Sarongs, Burkhas, Sarees and Long Skirts along with angora jackets while men usually wear Dhoti, Lungi, Kurta Pajamas and Turbans.. In villages and to a lesser extent in towns, men wear the traditional dhoti, angarakha and langoti. The way dhotis are worn represents backgrounds and castes: short dhotis represent low status whereas long dhotis represent high. It is more common in urban areas for men to wear shirts and trousers, jeans and kurta-pyjamas. Hemp is grown in great quantities in this region, so its yarn is frequently used as lining.

There are fairs (melas) throughout the year. Notable fairs include Magh Mela, held on 14 January and Jhanda Mela in March, a fair for the Hindu community, that attracts Hindus from all over India and abroad. Some of the famous fairs and festivals in Dehradun are Magh Mela, Jhanda Fair, Tapkeshwar Mela, Laxman Sidhha Fair, Bissu Fair, Mahasu Devta’s Fair, Saheed Veer Kesri Chandra Fair, Hanol Mela and Shivratri Fair

Dehradun, the headquarters of the district is visited by a large number of tourist every year, many of them enroute to Mussoorie. There are a number of places worth-seeing in Dehradun and its surroundings in terms of their tourism attractions such as Gurudwara temple, Sahastradhara, Robbers Cave, Dakpatthar, Tapkeshwari Mahadeo temple, Malsi Deer Park, Raipur spring, etc. Kalsi is an archaeological site situated close to River Yamuna on the way from Dehradun to the hill station of Chakrata.

Rajaji National Park is situated at the edge of the sprawling Dehradun valley, was founded in 1966 and spreads over an area of about 820 sq. km. Nestled in a lush valley of the Sivalik Range, the park is an ideal holiday resort with its many picnic spots and excursion sites for the nature lover. Rajaji National Park is one of the most famous national parks of India.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugauli_Treaty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landour

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussoorie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaon_Kingdom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937-1950)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Alter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayantara_Sahgal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Sealy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruskin_Bond

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mela

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F. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites

Subproject components are located in immediate surroundings of Dehradun town which were converted into urban/semi-urban use for many years ago, and there is no natural habitat left at the proposed sites. All the existing infrastructure facilities are located in part ward no 85 of Mothorowala located in southern part of newly expanded Zone 7 of Dehradun

Proposed STP, OHT and Tube well will be constructed on vacant municipal land hence no involuntary land acquisition of private land is anticipated for this project. Proposed sites do not have any notable sensitive environmental features with no tree cover/vegetation. None of the project components are falling within protected or forest areas and no wildlife has been reported within the proposed service area. There are no designated forests, eco-sensitive or protected areas within proposed project activity areas of Package 1 comprising part of Municipal ward number 85 (Mothorowala). The subproject components also do not fall within the ambit of Doon Valley Notification.

The proposed project will optimally utilize the groundwater sources. Due to nature of components, the existing infrastructure components do not fall under the ambit of any environmental related regulations, and therefore there is no requirement of environmental permissions or clearances. No. AC pipes are there in the existing facilities which may create hazardous conditions for the workers and surrounding community.

The closest protected areas are (i) Rajaji National Park situated at a distance of 480 meters and boundary of Eco Sensitive Zone boundary of Rajaji Tiger Reserve is 210 m from the proposed 11 MLD STP location at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala. and (ii) New Forest Campus is within 10 km radial distance from the proposed STP site at Daudwala. This is based on the screening conducted using the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT). Other key biodiversity areas, Asan Barrage, Binog Sanctuary- Bhadraj- Jharipani, Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary and Simbalbara National Park, are found within 50 km radial distance (Appendix 8). The buffer area boundary of Lacchiwala Forest Range Is situated at a distance of about 420 m towards east of the proposed STP location Therefore, the project will pose no risk or impact on biodiversity and natural resources.

Site environmental features of all subproject sites and photographs are presented in the

following Table 30.

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Table 30: Site Environmental Features Sr. No

Subproject component

Environmental Features of the Site Photographs

Sewerage works 1 STP/TSPS at

Indrapuri Farm,Daudwala (11 MLD)

11 MLD STP is proposed at Indrapuri Farm at Daudwala of Mothrowala ward (Lat. 30o14'48.75"N, Long. 78 o01'31.25"E). The sewage from all three packages, which consist of wards 83, 84 and 85, will be carried to this area and treated at the sewage treatment plant being developed in this package. No Objection Certificate has been obtained from Nagar Nigam, Dehradhun for the use of the vacant land parcels under Khasra numbers 1926 and 1927 (categorised as barren land) for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant. Another vacant land parcel under Khasra 2050 categorised as river land will be left as it is and no construction work will be carried out in that river land parcel. Total allotted STP land area is 11,913 Sq.m The identified land parcels are under the possession and ownership of Nagar Nigam Dehradun which are vacant, free of any encumbrance and not under any productive use. There is a government owned abandoned structure towards the west side of the plot (within khasra no 1926) which will be dismantled during construction Site is predominantly flat and sparsely covered with shrubs and bushes.

The STP location is chosen taking into consideration of the travel time of sewage to trunk mains, maximum sewerage area, and land availability and reasonable distance to water bodies for ease of disposal of treated effluent.

STP Site

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Sr. No



There exist some households (scattered) near the proposed STP boundary (five houses in less than 50m.distance and three between 50 and 100m distance) from the STP boundary. Nearest sensitive receptor, a house (SSW direction) is located at 18m distance from the STP boundary. STP layout plan is developed such that odour generating units (such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge handling facilities) are proposed to be kept away from the nearby houses with future development potential. Accordingly, as per preliminary design, 6 (six) nearby houses are falling between 50 and 100 meters distance and 2 (two) are within less than 50m distance from Raw water sump/inlet of STP and from sludge

handling facilities respectively. No tree cutting will be required for construction of STP. Proposed STP site is located close to Bindal river (about 67 meters).Historic Google Earth imagery indicates that Bindal River has been found shifting its course and the proposed location of the STP on the edge of formally active functional floodplain therefore, the detailed design must provide adequate flood

protection measures. One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony), is passing through the STP land parcels. Dehradun experiences high intensity rains /flash floods during monsoon, any alteration to drainage will have serious implications, and may flood the surrounding areas and STP site. Therefore, no diversion of

Photograph of Drainage Channel near Proposed STP Site

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Sr. No



natural channel is advisable. It is suggested to keep the natural drainage channel undisturbed and allow it to flow in its own natural course.

Accordingly STP has been planned to limit all

the components to one side of the drain/stream. This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. It ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m). Since the subproject does not obstruct the flow of the drain, the water (or wastewater) being carried through it will anyway reach Bindal river. After implementation of the project, untreated wastewater from the nearby areas will cease to flow in the drain A Terminal Sewage Pumping Station (TSPS) will be installed to convey the sewage to the STP by pumping water from receiving chamber. It is proposed to provide submersible pumps in wet well type pumping station. The STP will have a backup generator, which is an emergency diesel generator set (green generator)) as emergency power for common and essential services/ utilities.

The STP site is located in a developing area and is surrounded by scattered settlements in all directions except in the eastern side where Bindal River is flowing. The project area comprises semi urban and habitation areas, with agricultural as well as vacant barren lands.

Map showing distances of Rajaji National Park and its ESZ

boundary & Lacchiwala Forest Range from the proposed STP location at Daudwala

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Sr. No



The boundary of one designated Protected area (Rajaji National Park) is at a distance of 480 meter from the STP site and Lachhhiwal forest is about 420m on the eastern side of the STP location. As per the Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) boundary of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 201820 no project components of Banjarawala Package 1 falls within the boundary of eco-sensitive zone The proposed STP site is about 210 m from Eco-sensitive zone boundary .. Therefore, there is no direct risks or impacts on

biodiversity and natural resources.

2 Outflow sewer alignment from STP to discharge point

Treated wastewater will be discharged into Bindal River (surplus after reuse) as per approval of UEPPCB.. The Excess / surplus of treated effluent from STP will be discharged in the adjoining drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony) and passing through the STP land parcels.. Outflow sewer of around 25m will be installed to discharge treated effluent from the STP outflow point to the drainage channel passing through vacant and unused government land as per approval of UEPPCB. This will be finalised during the detailed design phase and necessary facilities like pipelines, pumping requirements and requirement of cross-drainage works will be developed. It ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the


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Sr. No



STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m). No usage of this water has been reported. This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. Since the subproject does not obstruct the flow of the drain, the water (or wastewater) being carried through it will any way reach Bindal river. After implementation of the project, wastewater from the nearby houses will cease to flow in the drain. The Bindal river also remains mostly dry except during rains, and there are no water intake points or physical cultural resources (PCR)21 in the immediate downstream. The amount of raw sewage that is being disposed into the river from the surrounding areas is making its condition worse every single day. The river bed of ‘Bindal’ is lined with domestic waste, effluents, plastics, animal carcasses and human excreta. Considering the existing status of river and the degree of treatment, no significant impacts envisaged. Proper systems should be put in place at the proposed STP to ensure that treated wastewater at all times meet the stipulated standards prior to its discharge. In order to safeguard the ecology of river it is proposed to apply technology/process to achieve very low biological oxygen demand (BOD) - BOD10, and

21 Physical cultural resources as defined as “movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have

archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings and may be above or below ground or underwater. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial, national, or international level.”

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Sr. No



suspended solids (SS) in the treated effluent

3 Sewer Network The subproject will install a total of around 12 km sewer pipes, including 10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm and around 2 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter The sewer system will be designed as a separate sewer system that carries only the domestic/municipal wastewater and will not mix with a storm water drainage systems No industrial wastewater will be allowed into the sewers. Sewers will be laid underground (about 1 to 6 m depth based on topography) in the roads and streets. While water pipes are/will be located on one or either side of the roads, the sewers will be laid in the middle of the road to avoid disturbing the water pipes. In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method. Civil works for laying of both the water supply and sewer pipelines will be done simultaneously to reduce the impact duration There are no environmentally, archeologically sensitive or protected areas in the proposed sewer network alignment .as per the preliminary design. There are no notable or significant archeological places or protected monuments or areas in and around project area and no tree cutting is envisaged. .However, during laying of pipeline, due to loss of access, temporary livelihood loss to roadside

Mothrowala Chowk (Road width 32m)

Nai Basti (Road width 32m,)

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Sr. No



vendors, Kiosks, is envisaged. No tree cuttings will be required as per preliminary design.

Daudwala (Road width 7-10m)

Water supply 4 Tube well with

Pumping station and Over Head Tank

One Tube well of 1500 lpm capacity along with pumping arrangements and OHT of 1000 Kl capacity will be constructed in the same vicinity on a vacant land parcel free of encumbrances at Nai Basti under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (Co-ordinates:30o15’20.89”N, 78o1’55.28”E). About 800 Sq.m land is available and as per land records and land-use type of the land parcel is categorized as Banzar Jhari (Barren land with bushes). Due to past development of ground water extraction for various activities and past experience at Dehradun areas, the bore well depth is considered in range of 90 to 130m. This will also enhance quality of extracted ground water. The proposed land is flat and not under any productive use. No sensitive receptor or

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Sr. No



habitation exists near/within the proposed site and no tree cutting will be required. No wild life has been reported on in and around the site.

5 Water supply Distribution Networks

New water supply pipelines of total length 28 km will be laid in the entire project area (ductile iron pipe Class K7 (DI-K7) with diameter ranging from 100 mm to 350 mm) and new house connections will be provided from the newly laid transmission mains.. Water. Water supply pipelines will be laid within the RoW of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN) roads.Therefore, no impacts shall be envisaged on structures (temporary or permanent) and CPRs Most of the existing pipelines shall be left buried as it is. If the existing water pipes are in the same lining of new water supply pipes, a contractor through a detailed survey will establish the requirement of old pipes removal for giving way to new pipelines. Those pipes shall be removed and disposed in a controlled manner so as not to harm the environment. No AC pipes are in the existing system No environmentally sensitive areas in or near the alignment in the stretches where water supply network lines are proposed. No tree cutting will be required as per preliminary design. No wild life has been reported within the proposed service area. There are no notable or significant archeological places or protected monuments or areas in and around project area.

Daudwala Colony Area

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Sr. No



Nai Basti

6 Stormwater

Drainage System

A total of about 7 km storm water drains with pre cast RCC cover will be constructed on both sides of the existing roads. Drains will be constructed within RoW of public roads under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam. It is proposed to be constructed on the secondary municipal roads to facilitate smooth draining of storm water coming on the roads so that surface runoff generated during rainy season is properly collected, transported and discharged to the nearest water body (river). This will prevent the erosion of top surface of road during monsoon.. A total of six outfalls have been envisaged in the project area. Outfall structures shall be constructed at the end of storm water drains that discharge to nallah/river and major water body to reduce the velocity and prevent erosion. The outfalls are proposed into Bindal river. The Bindal river in turn joins River Ganga

Roadside drains in Mothrowala area

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Sr. No



.As the storm water drains will be constructed on the same roads, where sewer pipelines will be laid, it is envisaged that there will be no impact on existing environmental condition.

Existing Road side drains in the Mothrowala Area

7 Groundwater Recharge pits and Rainwater Harvesting Structures

Two rainwater harvesting structures have been proposed to be constructed, one at a public park on the Mothrowala road and other near the STP location .at Daudwala.

Ten (10) groundwater recharge pits will be constructed along the primary and secondary existing natural drainage channels under the ownership of DNN and 05 sq.m area is required for the recharge pits Rain water harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in sub-surface aquifers, before it is lost as surface run-off. The augmented resource can be harvested in the time of need. Artificial recharge is substantially beneficial, as this will help store the surplus rainwater in the form of ground water and in turn arrest the

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Sr. No



decline of water level and degradation of the quality. All the same it is eco-friendly

8 Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) System

A FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas of Banjarawala Package 1 e.g. Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is equipped with septage co-treatment facility, At present, the Kargi STP is under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). The location for proposed community based septic tanks and soak pits will be decided during the detailed engineering design based on the results of topography surveys and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during SIP by the contractor. Specific septic tank locations should be selected based on careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources , odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities.

Septage Management Area and Rainwater Harvesting

Structures

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Figure 41 : Google Map showing the proposed STP at Daudwala


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VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Introduction

Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact.

Screening of potential environmental impacts are categorized into four categories considering subproject phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre-construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site.

(ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.

(iii) Pre-Construction Impacts include impacts which are anticipated during construction works but planning are required for proposed mitigation measures before start of construction works i.e. during SIP period such as taking consents from various departments, planning for construction and workers camps, deployment of safety officer, arrangement of required barricades and caution boards etc.

(iv) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.

(v) Operation and maintenance (O&M) impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude

(negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent).

This section of the IEE reviews possible project-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the project’s area of influence.

The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklists for Water supply and Sewerage

system have been used to screen the project for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE.

In the case of this project (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) negative impacts associated with sewage facilities such as odour treated wastewater discharge are already considered in design / siting of facilities, (iii) most of the

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predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iv) mostly being located in the built-up area of Dehradun town/ urban area, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The project will be in properties held by the local government and access to the project location is through public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur. However, NOC is required for some identified location from concerned authority. No works are proposed in the forest areas.

B. Pre-Construction Impacts – Design and Location

1. Location impact

Odour nuisance from STP/TSPS. As presented in the baseline profile, the proposed STP/TSPS site at Indrapuri Farm at Daudwala is close to habitations and there exist some households (scattered) near to the proposed STP site (five houses in less than 50m.distance and three between 50 and 100m distance). .Proposed site is currently vacant and not under any productive use. There is a government owned abandoned structure towards the west side of the plot (within khasra no 1926) which will be dismantled during construction. This is a one-story building (10m x 8 m) formerly used as by the government for temporarily storing construction material/construction machineries while there was some construction activity in adjoining areas. Materials used in the building are brick and wood. The abandoned structure will be surveyed for structural safety and presence of any hazardous materials, including asbestos. A dismantling plan based on the result of the survey shall be development accordingly. Rest of the land parcels are vacant and not under any productive use.. Site is predominantly flat and sparsely covered with shrubs and bushes. There are no notable sensitive environmental features with no tree cover / vegetation. One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River (around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near

Bharuwala colony), is passing through the STP land parcels. The STP has been planned to limit all the components to one side of the drain/stream This drainage channel mainly carries wastewater from nearby habitations and remains dry during most of the year except in monsoon when it carries run off water. It ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity as the STP land is at a higher ground level (about 3m).

Nearest sensitive receptor, a house (SSW direction) is located at 18m distance from the

STP boundary. The proposed treatment technology, SBR, being an aerobic process and conducted in a compact and a closed system with automated operation; odour nuisance will be very minimal and negligible. Limited bad odors may be generated from wet well, primary treatment units and sludge treatment and smell generated can be mitigated through dense plantation around STP site. Mitigation measures to avoid smell and visual pollution shall be taken in consideration during design in Service Improvement Plan preparation period by contractor. However, to account for future development potential around the sites, and to enhance the environmental benefits following measures should be included in the STP site planning and design:

(i) At present, there are five houses within 50 meters and three houses between 50 and 100m distance from the proposed STP site. Therefore, all the precautions should be taken during construction to minimize the impacts on nearby residents. Additionally, designs should ensure that odour and air pollution from the operation of the STP do not affect the health of the residents near the STP.

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(ii) Provide a green buffer zone of 10 m wide all around the STP with local varieties of trees in multi-rows. This will act as a barrier and visual screen around the facility and will improve the aesthetic appearance. Treated wastewater shall be used for plantation.

(iii) Develop layout plan of STP such that odour generating units (such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge handling facilities) are located away from the surrounding households with future development potential.

(iv) Odor sensitive design and standby power arrangements are suggested to safeguard the health and safety of the nearby community.

(v) Odour modelling will be conducted during the detailed design, and any measures that may be required will be undertaken as part of the implementation.

Distance from Eco Sensitive Zone: Proposed project area mostly comprises of semi urban and habitation areas, and agricultural, vacant and barren lands. The boundary of one designated closest protected area (Rajaji National Park) is at a distance of 480 meter from the STP site (west direction) and Lachhhiwala forest range is about 420m on the eastern side of the STP location. As per the Eco-sensitive zone boundary of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 201822 no project components of Banjarawala Package 1 falls within the boundary of eco-sensitive zone The proposed STP site is about 210m from Eco-sensitive zone boundary No project components are falling within any protected or forest areas. Therefore, there is no direct risks or impacts on biodiversity and natural resources.

Location of Tube well and OHT: One Tube well and OHT are proposed in the same

location at New Basti. The land is vacant free from of any encumbrances and is under the ownership of Nagar Nigam Dehradun. It is away from houses, shops or any other premises used by people, thus establishing a buffer to reduce the effects of noise, dust and the visual appearance of the site. Only shrubs and bushes are present at sites and therefore no tree cutting will be required during construction of tube wells/OHTs as per preliminary design. No wildlife is reported at from the sites.

Location of Septic Tanks and Soak Pits. In areas which are not feasible to provide sewerage system due to techno-economic reasons, it is proposed to provide fecal sludge and septage management system, where in which sewage collected and partially treated on site in septic tanks, and the accumulated septage will be collected, and transported to STPs for further treatement and safe disposal. In the existing condition, septic tanks are not available for all the households, and therefore it is proposed to small construct septic tanks with soak pits in the areas to be served by FSSM. Septic tanks are proposed for individual households (one for 5 and 10 users), and at community-level (one for 20/50/100 households). At this preliminary design stage, the requirement in this subproject area is estimated as 28 (Base Year, 2021), and 39 (Ultimate year, 2051). The location for proposed septic tanks and soak pits will be decided as per topography and community survey depending upon the households and population in the area during detailed design by the contractor. Effluent from the septic tank will be discharged into a soak pit for further treatment and percolation into ground. The accumulated bottom solids (sludge/septage) will be collected and sent to STPs for further treatment and disposal.


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Septic systems if not located, designed, constructed and operate properly may lead to pollution of ground and surface waters, soil, may generate odours, create nuisance and unhealthy conditions. Septic tanks produce gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen etc., some of which produce bad odours, and may cause serious illness, and in some situations, can be explosive. Following location and design related measures are suggested:

(i) Avoid locating septic tanks very close to the houses (maintain at least 3 m in

case of individual tanks, and 10 m in case of community septic tanks) (ii) Ensure that tank is located in such a way that it is connected to house outlet via a

straight sewer (i.e. avoid bends) (iii) Locate septic tank in such a way that it is accessible and near to access road for

empying, puming and cleaning purposes (iv) Ensure adequate space for soak pit; (v) locate soak pit (i) in the downstream of septic tank, (ii) at least 15 m away from

water source (wells, hand pumps, water bodies, etc.,); additional distance may be required if the ground is rocky and fissures could take the outflow further (iii) at least 5 m from the nearest building, (iv) avoid areas where rainwater would stand or flow over the tank or vehicles could drive over it, and (v) groundwater is not shallow below the ground (not less than 5 m)

Specific septic tank and soak pit locations and technical specifications will be identified

and confirmed during the detailed engineering design with careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities.

Social and Cultural Resources. There are no notable or significant archeological

places or protected monuments or areas in and around project area. Therefore, no impacts envisaged but risk of uncovering archeological remains, given the long history of town, during the excavations cannot be ruled out completely. Construction contractors therefore should follow the below measures in conducting any excavation work:

(i) Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work;

(ii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; (iii) Inform local Archaeological Department / Museum office if a find is suspected

and take any action, they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ (iv) Prepare a chance find protocol (sample is provided in Appendix 12).

Tree cutting at project sites. The proposed Tube well cum OHT location at Nai Basti & STP site at Daudwala are vacant and no notable tree cover or vegetation is present, hence no trees cutting are required for construction as per the preliminary design. Sewer and water pipelines will be laid in the vacant spaces adjacent to the roads within road right of way. In narrow roads, where there is no vacant RoW, the sewer pipeline will be buried at the middle of the road. There are no notable trees in the alignment; therefore no tree cutting is envisaged in the preliminary design phase. Following measures need to be implemented to minimize and/or compensate for the loss of tree cover:

(i) Minimize removal of trees by adopting to site condition and with appropriate layout design of STP or any other site with trees

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(ii) Obtain prior permission for tree cutting at sites that may require tree cutting finalized during detailed design

(iii) Plant and maintain 3 trees for each tree that is felled. as per UUSDA policy

A CRVA study is being done for the project and its recommendations shall be included in the updated IEE.

2. Design impacts

Design of the proposed components. The Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) manual suggests a design period of 15/30 years in general while designing the systems for sewerage components. It is proposed to consider 2051 as the design year for all the components in order to maintain unanimity in the design period and design population. Accordingly, 2021 shall be the base year and 2036 the intermediate year to cross check the designs pertaining to intermediate demand. The rate of water supply has been taken as 135 lpcd for 100% population. Sewage generation is 82% of water supply (including 2% to account for infiltration). Technical design of all the elements of water supply (tube well, OHT, pumping, transmission and distribution system with house connections etc.), and sewerage (STP, reuse arrangements, sewer mains and network including manholes and house connections, etc.) follows the relevant national planning and design guidelines

Following environmental considerations are already included in the project to avoid

and/or minimize adverse impacts and enhance positive benefits:

(i) Locating components and facilities appropriately by avoiding sensitive locations like forests and protected areas (environmentally, socially, and archeologically).

(ii) Recovering wash water from treatment process to optimise the water use (iii) Treatment and reuse of sludge from treatment process; providing a covered shed

of adequate space to air dry the processed sludge for at least 15 days at STPs (iv) Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and

optimising the overall energy usage (v) Avoiding usage of asbestos containing materials (vi) Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing 100% population

including urban poor with improved sanitation facility (vii) Reuse of treated wastewater from STP for non-potable uses thereby reducing

the load in freshwater resources (viii) Adopting a combined approach of sewerage system and faecal sludge and

septage management to cover 100% population of the project area with safe collection, conveyance and treatment of sewage generated in the town

(ix) Provision of appropriate personal protection equipment to the workers and staff

Water Source Sustainability. Based on proposed water supply rate of 135 lpcd for

service area of Banjarwala Package 1, the total raw water demand is estimated as 0.76 MLD (base year 2021), 1.40 MLD (intermediate year 2031) and 2.03 MLD (ultimate design year 2051). Installation of a new tube well with yield of 1000 LPM at Nai Basti (co-ordinate :30o15’20.89”N, 78o1’55.28”E) is considered as source of water supply. 233. Abstraction and Sustainability. The service area under this package is part of ward 85. Currently, there is existing water supply in the area but its pipeline network (CI, GI and PVC) is more than 25 years old with the average supply level of around 110 lpcd for 4 to 6 hours per

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day, not meeting the performance standard. The source of existing water supply system is ground water. Ground water is being extracted through two tube wells and same has been proposed to be continued.

There are six developmental blocks in District Dehradun. Two blocks (Chakrata and

Kalsi) fall in mountainous terrain where the slopes are high and water resources are not estimated for these blocks. Water Resources are estimated, using Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC)1997 methodology, for Raipur, Doiwala, Sahaspur and Vikas Nagar blocks as the topography is by and large plain, in these blocks. The block areas are divided into command and non-command. Draft for all uses and recharge from all sources are calculated for command and non-command areas. The stage of groundwater development, for command area, ranges from 53.78 to 78.34% while it ranges from 19.23 to 51.23% for non-command areas. All the four blocks are categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB. ‘.

The proposed water supply service area of Banjarawala Package 1 falls in the Raipur block of Dehradun district. In Raipur Block the estimated Net Annual Groundwater Availability is 20.37 MCM for command area while for non-command area it is 255.86 MCM. The total utilization for all uses is estimated as 12.57 MCM with stage of development at 61.70% for command area and 78.82 MCM with stage of development at 30.80% for non-command area of Raipur block.

Raipur block is categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB. ‘Safe’ area in terms of categorisation leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. However, this large scope may give rise to over exploitation of the resources, in case its development is not planned properly in a scientific way.

According to CGWB, Groundwater is developed mainly through tubewells and India mark-II hand pumps. Jal Sansthan, Jal Nigam and Irrigation departments have constructed a number of tubewells in Dehradhun district to meet the domestic and irrigational requirements. In hilly areas, springs and gadheras form the main sources of drinking water. The depth of the tubewells, constructed in Doon Valley, range in depth from 50 to 150 m bgl whereas the discharge ranges from 500 to 1500 lpm. Urban water supply is mainly through tube well whereas the rural domestic water supply is through India Mark-II hand pumps, guls, springs and tubewells.

The Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam is responsible for construction of tube wells in the state to cater to the needs of drinking water in urban and rural areas. The subsurface strata charts of the tube wells indicate that the horizons comprising of gravel, boulder, clays, sand and pebbles were formed either individually or in different combinations.

The subsurface strata charts obtained from Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam also indicate that the horizons comprising of boulders and gravels set in coarse sandy matrix are the main aquifer zones. These horizons are found more than once as one goes into the depth. The water bearing horizons are separated by the clay horizons having few small pebbles and gravels which mostly act as aquicludes. The aquifers occur at about 20 m below the ground level to as deep as more than 100 m as there are evidences of encountering multiple aquifer zones.

The perusal, of strata charts, also indicates that there are about 9 to 18 horizons at each

location. There are instances about repetitions of horizons at different depths. The yields of the

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wells mostly depend on the thickness of the aquifer zones. Although the aquifers are encountered at shallow depths, the tube wells constructed for drinking and irrigation purposes have gone as deeper as more than 100 m to tap the multiple aquifer zones to obtain better yields.

Holistically, it is observed that the depth of tube wells is ranging from 70 m to 150 m deep. Though aquifer zones are encountered at shallow depth (40m), in 90% of cases, deeper wells are being drilled to tap as many water bearing zones as possible to enjoy sustaining yields and long pumping hours @20 hours per day. The average diameter of tube wells constructed by Jal Nigam is 8 – 10”. Most of the wells have very high yields ranging from 400 lpm to 3000 lpm.

A case study from Package1 water supply sub-project area. The existing water

supply system in Dehradun city, which is more than 30 years old, consists of three sub systems viz. North zone, South zone and Pithuwala zone. The North zone is supplied mostly with surface water sources, and south (where subproject is located) and Pithuwala zones are supplied with ground water from tube wells located at various places in the city. All water supply scheme of the city is implemented by Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam (UPJN) and maintained by Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS). During enquiry from various organizations including UPJN/UJS, it was informed that the ground water table at Dehradun is good and depletion is not a cause of concern as the annual recharging is adequate.

There are about 140 tube wells in the urban area of Dehradun city and these tube wells

are being used for the drinking water supply to the residents of Dehradun. During the interaction with officials at Jal Sansthan, it was understood that the average depth of these wells ranges between 70 and 120 m and the average yield is about 1500 litres per minute (LPM). The average diameter of tube wells constructed by Jal Sansthan is 8 – 10 inches. As per the available information, the cumulative discharge of the above tube wells is 185 million liters per day (MLD).

A hydrogeological investigation was carried out for constructing a tube well for the Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) at Dudhli (Location: N-300 13′ 00", E-780 02′ 46", Height: 542 m above mean sea level). This site is about 3 km from proposed tube well location of Package 1 at New Basti. The investigation report shows that Groundwater occurs under unconfined condition. Water levels are generally in the range of 45 to 50 m (Pre monsoon) below ground level in the area. Groundwater development in and around the study area is moderately low. The aquifers are composed mainly of sand, gravel and boulder. Main aquifer (water bearing layer is in the depth range of 72 to 87 m and one saturated water bearing layer is expected between 100 to 120 m below ground level. It has been suggested that drilling may be carried out down to a depth of 120 m below ground level. A 305 mm (12" dia) pipe assembly may be lowered down to a drilled depth. The tube well-constructed to the recommended depth will give a sustainable discharge of about 800 to 1000 (lpm) liters per minutes for a moderate drawdown. Ground water quality in the area is reported chemically suitable for drinking purposes

During the detailed design, the contractor will conduct confirmatory site-specific

groundwater studies/surveys, and confirm the sustainability of proposed tube well sources. No objection certificate (NOC) from CGWB for groundwater withdrawal shall be obtained by the UUSDA before award of contract/before start of construction. Recommendations, if any, of CGWB shall be included in the EMP and will be implemented

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Given the climate change effects, the rainfall is becoming more erratic and unpredictable, combined with increasing frequency of extreme weather events. The project should therefore account for these. To ensure groundwater sustainability, the following measures should therefore be implemented during the implementation:

(i) Prepare a groundwater harvesting and artificial recharge plan; (ii) Creation of artificial recharge pits in public places / public buildings. Local body

can issue a notification to this effect. (iii) Household level artificial recharge (like roof top rainwater harvesting) should be

encouraged. (iv) Groundwater regulation – options to close / discontinue all the tube wells in

houses used for domestic purposes in service area in a phased manner once the project is implemented.

Groundwater Quality. As per CGWB report (2011), seventy four water samples were

collected by CGWB from different groundwater structures located in District Dehradun. The samples were got analyzed for their electrical conductivity (EC), pH, calcium, magnesium, carbonate and bicarbonate. The groundwater is suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes, in respect of these parameters.

In any case, the DBO contractor must ensure that supplied water to the household meets the drinking water standards, and if any additional / specific treatment (such as defluorination or softening) required, it must be included in the treatment process. As there is no sewerage system at present, groundwater is at risk of contamination due to discharge of untreated wastewater. Open defecation is not uncommon, and indiscriminate solid waste disposal is prevalent. The sewerage system being developed under the project will prevent the untreated sewage flow in open drains. A source protection plan shall be prepared to avoid source contamination at tube wells.

(i) Prepare a source protection plan for tube wells (ii) Prevent flow of untreated wastewater in the drains (iii) Ensure proper construction of tube wells including casing pipes to prevent water

contamination from well spaces, and due to flooding (iv) Measures should be taken to control the open defecation, and to close all unsafe

latrines (for example pit latrines). (v) A cement seal between ground level and 5 m below land surface may be

provided to avoid surface contamination to the ground water. (vi) The tube well should be developed with air compressor followed by pump till the

water becomes sand / silt free. (vii) Awareness programs shall be conducted regarding the sanitation practices and

its effect on groundwater quality

Use of Hazardous/Harmful substances in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Water

and/or wastewater treatment may involve application hazardous/harmful chemicals such as in chlorination, disinfection etc. As the treatment process will be designed by DBO contractor, the use of chemicals in treatment is not available at this stage. Measures are required to reduce the usage as well the handle if any hazardous substances safely following prevailing rules and regulations. For disinfection, the bid specifies, however, the use of Chlorine as disinfectant. Groundwater from the tube well will be directly pumped to OHTs and water will be chlorinated prior to distribution. Disinfection with chlorine is also proposed at STP. There is invariably a

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safety risk when chlorine is handled. Safety precautions are necessary to ensure the safety of workers and citizens. Following measures are suggested:

(i) Reduce the use of chemicals in the treatment process to the extent possible

provide non-chemical alternatives or easily recoverable and/or reusable chemicals or biocompatible alternatives

(ii) Establish proper handling / storage / application system according to the relevant standards, safety precautions and prevent accidental release / spill

(iii) Provide leak/spill detection, collection / capture and safe disposal facilities such as chlorine absorption and neutralization facility

(iv) Provide ventilation, lighting, entry and exit facilities; visible and audible alarm facilities to alert chemical/chlorine leak

(v) Facility for isolation in the event of major leakages (vi) Eye wash and shower facility (vii) Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators (masks, oxygen

cylinders, gloves, etc.,) (viii) Provide training to the staff in safe handling and application of chemicals,

material safety, and standard operating procedures and emergency responses (ix) Develop emergency response procedures

Design of Sewage Treatment Plant. One STP of capacity 11.0.MLD is proposed to be constructed at the identified site at Daudwalat to treat the sewage generated from all three Banjarawala packages comprising part of wards 83,84 and 85 based on SBR (sequential batch reactor) process, followed by disinfection by chlorine. As the bid is DBO type, detailed design of the STP will be carried out by the contractor to the following specific discharge standards.

It is proposed to discharge the treated sewage into the Bindal River through within the norms prescribed by MoEF&CC/Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards. It is proposed to provide disinfection for reduction of coliforms to treated sewage before discharge into nearby water body. The tolerance limits for discharge of treated sewage into inland surface water in accordance with latest National Green Tribunal (NGT) order will be followed (latest as per NGT order, Appl no. 1069/2018, dated 30th April, 2019). Earlier for STPs in India, the standards notified by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEFCC) in 2017 (see column (4) in Table 31 below) were applicable. It is also to be noted that, in April 2019, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in one of its orders directed MOEFCC to reconsider stringent standards for STPs. suggested by CPCB in 2015. The strident standards also facilitate maximum utilization of treated wastewater for reuse in various purposes

Table 31: Treated Wastewater Characteristics for STP Design

S. No

Parameter Proposed Discharge Standards for STP (latest as per NGT order, Application no. 1069/2018, dated 30th April, 2019) to be as follows

MOEF&CC STP Discharge Standards, 2017

CPCB discharge standards, 2015#

IFC Guideline value for sewage discharge

WHO Guideline Value for safe use in agriculture

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S. No

Parameter Proposed Discharge Standards for STP (latest as per NGT order, Application no. 1069/2018, dated 30th April, 2019) to be as follows

MOEF&CC STP Discharge Standards, 2017

CPCB discharge standards, 2015#

IFC Guideline value for sewage discharge

WHO Guideline Value for safe use in agriculture

1 pH 5.5 – 9.0 6 – 9 6.5-9.0 6 - 9 6 – 9

3 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/l)

≤10 <30 <20 (metro cities)

<10 30 -

4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (mg/l)

≤50 - 50 125 -

5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) (mg/l)

≤20 <100 and <50 (metro cities)

<20 50 -

6 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) ≤ 10 - <10 10 - 7 Ammonical Nitrogen

(mg/l) <5 - <5 - -

8 Residual Chlorine, mg/L

≤ 1 - - - -

9 Total Phosphate as P (mg/l) (for discharge into pond, lake)

≤ 1.0 - - 2 -

10 Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml

Desireable-100 Permissible-230

<1000 <100 - <1000

11 Oil and grease, mg/l - - 10 -

13 Nematodes, number of eggs per litre

- - - - 1

MOEF&CC= Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; CPCB = Central Pollution Control Board; IFC = International Finance Corporation, the World Bank Group # in April 2019, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in one of its orders directed MOEFCC to reconsider the standards issued in 2015 for STPs.

Appropriate design of STP and TSPS are being adopted in the project which includes energy efficient pumps and technology suitable for treatment and disposal of sewage. Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) is being adopted for sewage treatment which is the best suitable technologies proven for such treatments and locations. Therefore, no design impacts will arise during proposed works.

Treated wastewater Reuse / disposal. The UUSDA promotes the reuse of treated sewage for non-potable applications, and also to make sewerage projects environmentally sustainable. A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the treated effluent storage tank by gravity. The treated effluent shall be used for gardening, landscaping, cleaning, fire fighting and sewer manholes flushing in the stretches of sewer lines where minimum velocity

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could not be attained and in miscellaneous maintenance purposes. Balance will be discharged into the adjoining Bindal River via an outflow pipe.

As a contingency measure, it requires regular monitoring of treated water quality, and emergency alerts to users in any event of deterioration of quality. As the sewerage subproject is proposed under DBO model, the reuse plan will be prepared by the contractor during the detailed design phase in consultation with the Nagar Nigam and reuse modalities will be firmed up.

Reuse Options. Following the CPHEEO, guidelines (Appendix 13), the draft Guidelines

on Reuse provides the following reuse applications:

(i) Agriculture, horticulture, irrigation (ii) Gardening in park (iii) Road washing and water sprinkling to reduce fugitive dust (iv) Industries including mining (v) Recreational ponds and lakes (vi) Social forestry (vii) Construction Activities (viii) Fire fighting and other municipal uses (ix) Flushing of manholes

Use of treated wastewater for irrigation. Use of wastewater for irrigation is associated

with some health risks – from germs in wastewater, which may contaminate food and spread disease, health risk to farm workers from worms (helminths) and nematodes and chemical risk is associated if industrial wastewater enter the sewers. If the wastewater with bacteriological contaminants are used for food crops like lettuce, tomato, which are eaten without peeling or cooking, it will present a greater health risk if precaution such as such washing with chlorinated water or storing for adequate time in normal temperature before use (at least 10 days). According to the WHO, effluent which is used to irrigate trees, industrial/commercial (not food, like cotton) and fodder crops, fruit trees, and pasture should have less than one viable nematode egg per liter. Effluent used for the irrigation of food crops, sports fields, public parks, should have and less than one viable nematode egg per liter and less than 1000 fecal coliforms per 100 milliliters. These shall be considered in the Reuse Plan that will be prepared during the detailed design and complied accordingly.

Disposal of treated wastewater. Excess or unused treated effluent will be discharged to the nearest receiving water body (a drainage channel which ultimately meets with Bindal river) via an outflow pipe as per norms stated by CPCB. As the wastewater is treated to stringent disposal standards, no notable impacts envisaged. The river is seasonal and flow is considerable only during rainy season.

Both the drainage channel and the Bindal River carry untreated waste water and runoff

water of the adjoining areas and remain mostly dry except during monsoon. There are no water intake or abstraction points in the downstream proximity of the Bindal River. Considering the existing status of the river and the degree of treatment, no significant impacts envisaged. Proper systems should be put in place at the proposed STP to ensure that treated wastewater at all times meet the stipulated standards prior to its disposal in the river. Any change / lowering of treatment efficiency during operation may lead to poor quality of wastewater and may further pollute the surroundings. It is therefore critical that STP treats the sewage as designed.

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Sludge treatment and disposal. Sewage sludge generally consists of organic matter, pathogens, metals and micro pollutants. The concentration of parameters such as metals can be influenced by input to the sewers system from industry. Since no industrial wastewater is allowed into sewers, it is unlikely that sludge contains heavy metals. Heavy metal concentration may not be ruled out completely as the chemicals used in treatment may potentially contain heavy metals, which will then leach into the sludge.

Subproject includes sludge management infrastructure in STP, including system for sludge collection, thickening, solar drying, and disposal at landfill/identified site. This includes a Sludge Sump to collect sludge from SBR basins; returning arrangement for supernatant from the sump to inlet/equalization tank for treatment; pumping sludge to sludge thickener and pumping thickened to mechanical sludge dewatering system (such as centrifuge). It also requires contractor to establish a shed where the dewatered sludge cake can be further air dried for 15 days. This is indicative sludge management system, and DBO contractor will design the system meeting these requirements.

The treatment and drying processes kill enteric bacteria and pathogens, and because of

its high content of nitrates, phosphates and other plant nutrients the sludge is an excellent organic fertilizer for application to the land. Adequate drying is however necessary to ensure maximum kill of enteric bacteria. To achieve adequate drying minimum drying period (15 days) shall be ensured. The drying period, which will be varying depending on the season will be determined during operation and be followed. A sludge management plan will be developed by the DBO contractor during the detailed design phase. Proper sludge handling methods should be employed. Personal Protection Equipment should be provided to the workers. Any remaining sludge can be disposed to an identified landfill site at Shishambada, (owned by Nagar Nigam Dehradun) which is located at about 28 km away from proposed STP.

Contractor will propose the sludge management plan with best methods for reuse of sludge as per guidelines of CPHEEO (guidelines are attached as Appendix 13) and best international practices in consultation with PMU and Nagar Nigam. Properly dried sludge can be used as soil conditioner. Periodic testing of dried sludge will be conducted to ensure that it does not contain heavy metals that make it unsuitable for food crops. Tests shall be conducted to confirm the concentrations below the following standards. As there are no specific standards notified for sludge reuse, the compost quality standards notified under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 have been adopted here. Rules stipulate that “In order to ensure safe application of compost, the following specifications for compost quality shall be met”.

Table 32: Standards for Sludge Reuse as Manure

Standards for Composting. As there are no specific standards notified for sludge reuse, the compost quality standards notified under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 (Schedule II A, Standards for Composting) have been adopted here. According to the standards “In order to ensure safe application of compost, the following specifications for compost quality shall be met, namely:

Parameters Units Organic Compost (FCO 2009)

Phosphate Rich Organic Manure (FCO 2013)

Arsenic mg/kg 10 10

Cadmium mg/ 5 5

Chromium mg/kg 50 50

Copper mg/kg 300 300

Lead mg/kg 100 100

Mercury mg/kg 0.15 0.15

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Standards for Composting. As there are no specific standards notified for sludge reuse, the compost quality standards notified under the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 (Schedule II A, Standards for Composting) have been adopted here. According to the standards “In order to ensure safe application of compost, the following specifications for compost quality shall be met, namely:

Parameters Units Organic Compost (FCO 2009)

Phosphate Rich Organic Manure (FCO 2013)

Nickel mg/kg 50 50

Zinc mg/kg 1000 1000

C/N ratio - <20 <20:1

pH - 6.5 – 7.5 (1:5 solution) maximum 6.7

Moisture, percent by weight, maximum

15.0 – 25.0 25.0

Bulk density g/cm3 <1 Less than 1.6

Total Organic Carbon, per cent by weight, minimum

percent by weight 12 7.9

Total Nitrogen (as N), per cent by weight, minimum

percent by weight 0.8 0.4

Total Phosphate (as P205) percent by weight, minimum

percent by weight 0.4 10.4

Total Potassium (as K20), percent by weight, minimum

percent by weight 0.4 -

Odour Absence of foul Odor

Particle size minimum 90% material should pass

through 4.0 mm is sieve

minimum 90% material should pass through 4.0

mm is sieve

Conductivity, not more than dsm-1 4 8.2

* compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits shall not be used for food crops. however, it may be utilized for purposes other than growing food crops. FCO = Fertilizer Control Order, Department of Agriculture, Government of India

In order to ensure the safe use of dried sludge, following should be followed:

(i) Prepare a dried Sludge utilization plan with the help of Agriculture Department /

Nagar Palika ; plan should also include if any additional processing is required for sludge to use as soil conditioner

(ii) Plan should clearly various potential uses and demand in and around project area and surroundings

(iii) Establish usage limits, where required, (geographical / crops / type of application / type of soils etc.); adopt international good practice suggested by agencies like World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

(iv) Identify a landfill / suitable site for disposal of surplus dried sludge (v) Monitor sludge quality during operation phase as per the Environmental

Monitoring Plan, ensure that it meets the quality parameters established by FCO (vi) In case of sludge not meeting the quality parameters, it shall not be used as soil

condition, and shall be disposed at appropriate disposal site (if it falls under hazardous category, it shall be disposed as per the Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016)

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Mixing of industrial effluent in wastewater. One of the critical aspects in sewerage system operation is, change in raw sewage characteristics at inlet of sewage treatment plant may affect the process and output quality. STP is designed for municipal wastewater, which does not include industrial effluent. Characteristics of industrial effluent widely vary depending on the type of industry, and therefore disposal of effluent into sewers may greatly vary the inlet quality at STP and will upset process and affect the efficiency. Mixing of industrial effluent will severely deteriorate the quality of treated wastewater, and therefore the proposed reuse plan. Reuse of such water may have significant impact on public health, and on land and water. Following measures should be incorporated to safeguard the sewerage system and the intended reuse:

(i) No industrial wastewater shall be allowed to dispose into municipal sewers (ii) As there is a risk of potential mixing of industrial waste, no domestic wastewater

from industrial units shall be allowed into municipal sewers (iii) Ensure that there is no illegal discharge through manholes or inspection

chambers (iv) Conduct public awareness programs in coordination with UEPPCB and

Dehradun Nagar Nigam (v) Conduct regular wastewater quality monitoring (at inlet and at outlet of STP) to

ensure that the treated wastewater quality complies with the effluent standards

Design of Terminal Sewage Pumping Stations (TSPS). The terminal sewage pumping station is proposed within the same premises of STP at Dudwala. It will pump water from receiving chamber to the STP. It is proposed to provide submersible pumps in wet well type pumping station. Incoming raw sewage shall be screened by mechanical coarse screens located upstream of TSPS and shall be pumped to the head works by sewage pumps designated as TSPS pumps. Design engineers should take following mitigation measures to reduce impacts due to proposed TSPS-

(i) Incorporate in design pumps of low noise (ii) Provide dedicated power supply to TSPS, if possible, otherwise DG set to be

used during power failure, should be soundproof and having acoustic enclosures with low/permitted air emission standards

(iii) Firm barricades should be provided all round during construction of TSPS; (iv) Boundary wall of sufficient height with barbed wire fencing should be provided

during operation phase so that no children/residents can entre in the SPS premises

(v) Odour control system should be provided in STP/TSPS. (vi) Plantations should be provided if space available to reduce foul smell of

sewer during operation (vii) No workers camps should be allowed during construction works at STP/TSPS

site (viii) Entry should be restricted through provision of gate and guard during STP/TSPS

operation.

Sewer system – collection and conveyance. The sewerage system is designed as a separate system of sewage collection (i.e. caters only to domestic wastewater). The underground gravity sewers will carry sewage from households to trunk sewers and further to STPs. To maximize the benefits as intended, Dehradun Municipality should ensure that all existing septic tanks in the service area that are being provided by sewers are phased out by bypassing the inlet and connecting the toilet discharge from each house directly to sewerage

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system. Accumulation of silt in sewers in areas of low over time, overflows, blockages, power outages, harmful working conditions for the workers cleaning sewers etc. are some of the issues that needs to be critically looked into during the sewer system design. A properly designed system is a must for system sustainability. Measures such as the following shall be included in sewer system design to ensure that the system provides the benefits as intended:

(i) Limit the sewer depth where possible (ii) Sewers shall be laid away from water supply lines and drains (at least 1 m,

wherever possible); (iii) In all cases, the sewer line should be laid deeper than the water pipeline (the

difference between top of the sewer and bottom of water pipeline should be at least 300 mm)

(iv) In unavoidable, where sewers are to be laid close to storm water drains, appropriate pipe material shall be selected (stoneware pipes shall be avoided)

(v) For shallower sewers and especially in narrow roads, use small inspection chambers in lieu of manholes;

(vi) Design manhole covers to withstand anticipated loads and ensure that the covers can be readily replaced if broken to minimize silt/garbage entry

(vii) Ensure sufficient hydraulic capacity to accommodate peak flows and adequate slope and gas vents in gravity mains to prevent build up of solids and hydrogen sulphide generation

(viii) Take necessary precautionary measures to protect sewer network, and to avoid disposal of solid wastes, debris, wastewater into newly laid sewers from the time it is constructed to the start of operation phase

Design of the Storm Water Drainage System. The design of the storm water drainage

system will ensure that only storm water or rainwater will be flowing to the drainage canals once they become operational. The final detailed design will ensure that the following:

(i) Inlets to the drainage system are positioned away from outlets of septic tanks and grey water lines of households or commercial establishments. This will avoid the situation where the drainage system will be used as discharge point of septic and household wastes that could pollute the receiving bodies of water; and

(ii) (iii) Silt traps are integrated in the design to avoid heavy siltation in the drainage

system during monsoon season that could eventually affect the receiving bodies of water at the outfalls of the drainage system.

The design of the storm water outfalls will ensure the following:

(i) Siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures) are constructed at the

outfalls with sizes depending on the peak volume flow. This will avoid heavy siltation and pollution of the receiving body of water;

(ii) Position the outfalls at locations enough to provide space for the construction of siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures);

(iii) Position the outfalls and siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures) at locations that will be accessible for maintenance and cleaning during the operation phase.

Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM). Septage is the settled solid matter in

semi-solid condition usually a mixture of solids and water settled at the bottom of septic tank. It

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has an offensive odour, appearance and is high in organics and pathogenic microorganisms. A FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas e.g.Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. This facility is expected to cover a population of 1465 in the base year 2021, 2686 in the intermediate year 2036 and 3907 at the ultimate design year 2051 under Septage management for Banjarawala Package 1. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is equipped with septage co-treatment facility. At present, the Kargi STP is under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). Based on the projection of population increase, it has been estimated that the contributing areas of all three Banjarawala packages (part of wards 83,84 and 85) will generate septage of 1.77 kilo liters per day (KLD), 3.13 KLD & 4.75 KLD during the base (2021), intermediate (2036) & ultimate (2051) years respectively. Contributing area of Package 1 (part of ward 85) will have 0.48 KLD, 0.88 KLD & 1.28 KLD of septage during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively.

Septic tanks are proposed for individual households and also community-based septic tanks Collection of sewage and sullage from individual households will be by 110 mm dia uPVC pipes and conveyance will be through sewers laid on road to community septic tank (150 mm dia UPVC pipe). The location for proposed community-based septic tanks and soak pit will be decided as per topography and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during SIP by the contractor. Septage from the septic tanks will be regularly removed using trunks/sewer suction machines. .

During the detailed design phase, number of mobile tankers required to collect and

transport the septage to 68 MLD Karzi STP, frequency of collection depending on the size of septic tanks etc., will be worked out accordingly. IEE needs to be updated during the detailed design phase to reflect the final project design. Although handling, transportation and disposal into STP is completely mechanized, the system will however be operated by the workers, therefore proper precautions as workers will be dealing with highly harmful septage. Accessibility of septic tanks to mobile suction tankers to collect septage is critical for success of the septage management system. At STP, the septage will be mixed with the sewage and will be co-treated in the STP. Septage will be in concentrated and partially degraded form, and disposal of the same into STP inlet stream may upset the sewage treatment process, may generate bad odours, and may ultimately affect the quality of treated wastewater. Treatment process needs to be properly designed. Following measures are suggested for implementation:

(i) Conduct detailed survey of the households to be covered with FSSM to design

the system to suit the local conditions, such as type of septic tanks and their location in the houses

(ii) Create awareness program on the FSSM from collection to treatment system that will be adopted. FSSM-related behavior campaigns will also be implemented as part of behavior change programs. This will also make the households aware of materials/substances that may kill septic tank bacteria if discharged into drains or flushed down the toilets (refer for guidance - https://www.csrd.bc.ca/sites/default/files/liquid-waste-management/Septic-Smart/Docs/dos-and-donts.pdf)

(iii) Design the sewage treatment process duly considering mixing of septage

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(iv) Ensure that the FSSM system is completely mechanized no human touch, even accidentally, from collection at household to discharge into STP, and in periodic cleaning of tankers

(v) Demarcate a proper area for cleaning of mobile tankers in STP premises, and ensure that the wastewater shall be discharged into STP

(vi) Provide proper training to the workers, and staff in safe handling of FSSM tasks, provide all necessary personal protection equipment

(vii) Ensure proper facilities for workers including showers, wash areas, toilets, drinking water, eating and resting places

(viii) Conduct regular health checks (ix) Prepare Health and Safety Plan for FSSM

Design of Septic tank . The design of Septic tank system must ensure careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities. The final detailed design will ensure the following:

(i) Ensure septic tank is constructed on a level surface (ii) Design septic tanks as watertight / water sealed structures with appropriate materials

such as reinforced cement concrete (iii) Ensure adequate room for above the liquid level for scum accumulation, and adequate

free board (iv) Design proper, safe and secured access to septic tank for inspection and cleaning;

ensure appropriate size and sealing cover with locking arrnagement, and ensure that it is watertight to account for flooding and/or high-water table conditions

(v) Ensure that septic tank inlet sewers and outlet sewers are watertight (vi) Design proper gas ventilation systems such as vent pipes appropriately to collect and

disperses gases to avoid accumulation and bad odours (vii) Ensure appropriate design and materials for soak pits to ensure that effluent is

adequately treated, absorbed into the soil without contaminating groundwater; ensure that top of the soak is pit is covered properly

Environmental Audit of Existing Sewerage Infrastructure at 68 MLD Kargi STP. A

FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) will be collected & transported to the 68 MLD Kargi STP that is being equipped with septage co-treatment facility.

As per the ADB SPS 2009, this is an associated facility and therefore, the operation shall comply with the ADB and applicable environmental laws of India. Preliminary environmental audit is conducted and attached in Appendix 27 and a summary is provided below:

(i) The existing 68 MLD capacity Kargi STP equipped with septage co-treatment facility was commissioned in October 2015 as a part of ADB loan project 23 under the Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (UUSDIP). Urban Development Department, GoU is the owner of this STP and Operation

23 ADB. Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program-Project 1; and ADB. Uttarakhand Urban Sector

Development Investment Program-Tranche 2.

https://www.adb.org/projects/38272-023/main



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and Maintenance (O&M) is done by M/s Gharpure Engineering & Construction (P) Ltd... The Urban Development Department is also the executing agency for this current Banjarawala sub-project and UUSDA is the implementing agency,

(ii) At present, the Kargi STP is receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and 130 KLD of FSS which is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA, 2021).

(iii) Based on the projection of population increase it has been estimated that the contributing area of Banjarawala Package 1, 2 and 3 (part of wards 83,84 and 85) will generate septage of 1.77 kilo liters per day (KLD), 3.13 KLD & 4.75 KLD during the base (2021), Intermediate (2036) & ultimate (2051) years respectively. Contributing area of Package 1 (part of ward 85) will have 0.48 KLD, 0.88 KLD & 1.28 KLD of septage during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively. Therefore, the 68 MLD capacity Kargi STP can accommodate the estimated amount septage generated from. of Banjarawala Package 1, 2 and 3 project areas upto design period 2051... Due to implementation of proposed septage management programme, utilization of existing STP capacity will be improved

(iv) The existing treatment technology, SBR, being an aerobic process and conducted in a compact and a closed system with automated operation, as a result odour nuisance will be very minimal and negligible

(v) Consent to Establishment (CTE) from Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) has been obtained and renewal of Consent to Operate (CTO) was done in 2019 and is valid upto 31st March, 2022 (Ref. Enclosure 1 & 2 of Appendix 27).

(vi) A study conducted by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)24 indicates that design load capacity for COD, BOD, and TSS exceeds during the day (8 am-4 pm), hence co-treatment of septage can be done between 4 pm- 8 am (Appendix 27).

(vii) Month-wise treated effluent quality analysis results of Kargi STP (Enclosure 4 of Appendix 27), for the year 2019 and 2020 (upto October) reveal that all outlet water quality parameters, i.e.,BOD, pH and TSS are well within the standards prescribed by the UEPPCB per approved CTO. BOD values range from 8.08 to 9.56 mg/L and are below the 30 mg/L standard. Meanwhile, pH values range from 7.54 to 8.23 and also comply with the standard range which is 6.5-9.0. Lastly, TSS, with values from 9.30 to 13.78 mg/L, are well within the 100mg/L standard.

(viii) The outlet water quality results for pH, BOD and TSS are also well within the Effluent Discharge Standards for STP as per National Green Tribunal (NGT) order dated 30.04.2019 (Appendix 4), except for COD values which are almost at the standard level. Outlet water quality values are presented in Appendix 27, in comparison with the UEPPCB and NGT standards.

(ix) The treated effluent is being utilized for gardening/green area development within the STP premises,. Balance is being discharged into the adjoining Bindal river through a covered drain of about 250 m length as approved under the CTO of UEPPCB (Enclosure 2 of Appendix 27).

(x) The dewatered sludge from centrifuge is currently disposed off to a suitable location within the STP premises for further drying and use as manure. The

24 A report on “Co-Treatment of Septage at STPs of Ganga Towns in Uttarakhand” by the National Institute of Urban Affairs

(NIUA), 2019

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surplus/excess sludge (if any) is disposing off to Government owned landfill site with a solid waste management plant at Shisambara25 at about 25 km away.

In summary, there is currently no regulatory non-compliance issues in the existing

infrastructure (i.e. CTE and CTO are obtained, monitored effluent parameters comply with NGT and UEPPCB standards) based on available information during the preliminary audit of the STP. However, additional parameter (i.e. Fecal Coliform) is to be monitored against effluent standards. General environmental concerns are mainly related to occupational health and safety, public safety, disposal of treated wastewater and sludge, etc., and adequate measures are being implemented at the 68 MLD STP in Kargi to mitigate these concerns. Design has ensured that odour and noise pollution from the operation of the STP do not affect the health of the nearby residents and STP employees. Adequate green buffer zone of 10-20 m wide all around the STP has been developed which acts as a barrier and visual screen around the facility. There are no environment related issues/complaints from the community regarding the existing 68 MLD Kargi STP proposed for septage treatment facility. C. Pre-construction Impacts

Utilities. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water lines within the proposed project locations may require to be shifted in few cases. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the contractor, in collaboration with Nagar Nigam will:

(i) identify the locations and operators of these utilities to prevent unnecessary

disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) instruct construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions

to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services (iii) informing the local community in advance if utilities will be disrupted during

construction); and (iv) Require contractors to prepare spoils management plan and traffic management

plan.

Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and

disposal areas. Priority is to locate these near the project location. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up construction camps to protect the human environment (i.e. to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust and noise and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near forest areas, water bodies, swamps or in areas which will inconvenience the community. Construction sites will be selected by DBO contractor in compliance with these conditions and the same will be reflected in Site Environmental

25 The Shishambara waste management plant was inaugurated in January 2018 under the Jawaharlal Nehru National

Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) scheme of the central government with an aim to achieve scientific collection, disposal and processing of around 350 metric ton of waste produced in the city every day. Shishambara solid waste management plant on 8.3 hectares in the city and is being implemented on the public private partnership (PPP) mode. The operations at the plant include composting, recycling, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as well as sanitary land fill (SLF). The biggest advantage of the plant is that it is completely covered so there is no chance of any stench going outside.

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Management Plan (SEMP) which is to be prepared by DBO contractor prior to start of construction and approved by PIU. Material stockpiles will be protected by bunds during the monsoon season to prevent silt runoff into drains. The subproject is likely to generate soil from excavations, which needs to be disposed of safely. The following measures should be considered for disposal of surplus and/or waste soil:

(i) The excavated soil should be removed from construction area at the earliest for

beneficial reuse such as land raising / filling of excavated areas. (ii) Soil should be covered with tarpaulin sheets during the transportation. (iii) Soil transportation should not be done during the peak hours and should avoid

narrow and heavy traffic routes and important religious or tourist sites

Site selection of sources of materials. Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land

contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution. To mitigate the potential environmental impacts, locations of quarry site/s and borrow pit/s (for loose material other than stones) would be assessed by PIU. Priority would be sites already permitted by Mines and Geology Department. If new sites are necessary, these would be located away from population centers, drinking water intakes and streams, cultivable lands, and natural drainage systems; and in structurally stable areas. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Department of Mines and Geology and local revenue administration. If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, then the construction contractor shall use the mentioned criteria to select new quarry sites, with written approval of PIU.

D. Construction Impacts

The civil works for the subproject includes construction of STP, OHT, installation of tube well as source of water, rainwater harvesting pit & tanks and storm water drains These works will be confined to sites, and construction will include general activities like site clearance, excavation for foundations, and creation of concrete structures will be one of the major construction activities for this project. Most such structures will be constructed from reinforced concrete (RC), where steel reinforcing rods and bars are placed and attached by hand to create an interior skeleton for the foundations, walls, columns, plinths, etc., and heavy-duty metal and timber/plywood formwork is bolted around the outside to build a mould into which pre-mixed concrete is poured. Once the concrete has set, the formwork is removed, and the concrete surface is finished by masons by hand if necessary. Some buildings, such as the pump station, facilities, etc., may be constructed from brick work, in which case this work will be done using standard house-building techniques. Some components of TSPS /STP and TW/OHT may comprise a variety of prefabricated elements which will be are installed on site as ready-made individual units. These will be directly brought from the manufacturers place to the sites lifted into position by crane, affixed to plinths or other installation points, and connected up to pipe work and the electricity supply. Since these works are confined to the boundary of identified sites, there is no direct or significant interference of construction work with the surrounding land use. However, construction dust, noise, use of local roads for transportation of construction material, waste, labour camps etc., will have a negative impact, which needs to be avoided or mitigated properly.

Tube well will be constructed in Nai Basti. In an enclosed area and drilling will be carried out by deploying a Direct Rotary/Percussion/Dual Rotary Rig, down to a recommended depth below ground level and the borehole may be converted into a production well by tapping all the

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saturated granular zone. Once this is created, the rest of the construction will follow the general construction procedures and once the work is over and site is cleared,

Subproject also include linear works and the subproject will install a total of around 12 km sewer pipes, including 10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm and around 1 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter. The 700 mm diameter pipe is connected to sewage coming from packages 2 and 3 and receiving all sewer of package 1, it will deliver entire sewage to the proposed STP. The wastewater collection system will mainly rely on gravity pipes and will discharge into the STP. The network will be of the conventional gravity collection type, starting from service connections to gravity sewers conveying the sewage to discharge into the wet well at the TSPS, which is an integral part of the STP.

Sewers will be mostly laid by open cut method (1 to 6m depth based on topography). In

the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1km) will be laid by trenchless method. A total of 574 manholes, including 361 brick masonry circular manholes; 166 in-situ RCC circular manholes; and around 47 precast RCC manholes based on the assessment of subsoil condition and traffic loads, will be installed along the sewer network.

Laying of trunk/collection sewer mains pipeline are proposed within the boundaries of

RoW of government roads. No impact (either temporary or permanent) on structures and common property resources (CPRs) is envisaged. However, during laying of pipeline, due to loss of access, temporary livelihood loss to roadside vendors, kiosks, is envisaged. The diameter of proposed sewer pumping main is between 225 mm to 1000 mm and the road width on such locations where pipe laying is proposed ranges from 4 to 15 meter. In narrow roads, where there is no vacant RoW, the pipeline will be buried within the roadway and there could be some temporary impacts in narrow roads.

Laying of rising main and 28 km water supply distribution pipes, with DI K7 pipes of diameter ranging from 100 to 350 mm are proposed within the boundaries of RoW of government roads and are assessed not to have any involuntary land acquisition impacts. Water pipes will be laid in the ground without a maximum cover of 1 m, so that depth of excavation will be up to 1.5-1.8 m.

The storm water collection network has been planned to collect the storm runoff from the contributing catchments and will be finally discharged into River Bindal and nearby water bodies. In the project area mainly in Mothrowala ward, there are existing drains which are generally open and are mostly on both sides of the road. Most of the drains are open and heavily silted and chocked and there are no drainage outfalls provided for these drains. In view of above, new drains with pre cast RCC covers will be constructed on side of existing government roads therefore no land acquisition issue observed.

Sufficient care will be taken while laying so that existing utilities and cables are not damaged and pipes are not thrown into the trenches or dragged, but carefully laid in the trenches. Trenches deeper than 1.5 m will be protected by shoring/bracings to avoid collapse of trenches, and also to avoid any risk to surrounding buildings. Once they are laid, pipes will be joined as per specification and then tested for any cracks of leakages. The minimum working hours will be 8 hours daily, the total duration of each stage depends on the soil condition and other local features. Extraneous soil after backfilling of trenches shall be used for filling low lying area or stored/ dumped in approved debris disposal sites.

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Although construction of these project components involves quite simple techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the project locations in the built-up areas of the town where there are a variety of human activities, will result in impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as schools, religious places, hospitals and the community in general. Although these anticipated impacts are temporary and for short duration, require proper mitigation measures to limit the impacts to acceptable levels. Physical impacts will be reduced by the method of working and scheduling of work. Likely impacts of construction phase, and appropriate mitigation measures are discussed below:

Sources of Materials. Significant amount of gravel, sand, coarse aggregate, and cement will be required for this project. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Use material sources permitted by government only; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PIU; and (iii) Submit to PIU on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials. If

contractor is purchasing ready mix concrete, asphalt/macadam and aggregates from third party, contractor will assure that all the parties/ suppliers are having CTE/CTO from UEPPCB and will collect the copy of these certificates and submit to PIU/ DSC consultants.

Air Quality. During drilling of wells apart from dust air pollution can also result from the

emission of non-condensable gases, and exhaust gas from generators, compressors and vehicles. As the drilling is a temporary activity, no significant long-term impacts on air quality are expected.

Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation

and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons. These however will be temporary limiting to construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:

(i) Plan the work sites properly, and demarcate the sites for stockpiling of, soils, gravel,

and other construction materials away from the traffic, vehicle, general worker movement to avoid disturbance of loose materials

(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled material on site by water sprinkling; (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; (iv) Clean wheels and undercarriage of haul trucks prior to leaving construction site (v) Don't allow access in the work area except workers to limit soil disturbance and

prevent access by barricading and security personnel (vi) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are

operating correctly and limit idling time of construction vehicles to minimize local air pollution. Contractor’s vehicles and equipment should compulsorily have PUC and submit PUC to PIU before deployment at site

(vii) Obtain, CTE and CTO for batching plant, hot mix plant, crushers etc. if specifically established for this project.

(viii) If contractor is purchasing ready mix concrete, asphalt/macadam and aggregates from third party, contractor will assure that all the partier/ suppliers are having CTE/CTO from UEPPCB and will collect the copy of these certificates and submit to

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PIU/consultants; PIU will approve the source only after all the certificates are submitted

(ix) Conduct ambient air quality monitoring periodically as per Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Surface Water Quality. Water is required as a drilling fluid. Drilling fluid/mud including

cuttings shall be contained and properly disposed by the drilling contractor, to avoid affecting the quality of the nearby surface and groundwater sources.

Works during rains. Run-off from stockpiled materials and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate downstream surface water quality of the streams. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only. However, to ensure that these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement a spoils management plan (Appendix 14); (ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered

by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (iii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils

will be disposed, consult with PIU on designated disposal areas; (iv) Inspect all the drainage at construction site/construction camp/labor camp etc. and

clear all the drainage lines so that no water stagnation/flooding may occur during heavy rainfall

(v) As for a possible avoid trench works and excavation works (pipe laying) during monsoon season to avoid any water logging and accident due to it

(vi) If open trenches are not avoidable during monsoon, keep ready all the mitigations measures to avoid water logging such as dewatering pumps and sufficient pipes, traffic assistance, barricades etc.

(vii) Inspect and verify all the emergency measures and emergency control system before start of monsoon, keep the emergency response committee on high alert during monsoon/heavy rain fall

(viii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;

(ix) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;

(x) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (xi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management

Plan (EMP).

Noise and Vibration Levels. Noise is one of the most ubiquitous disturbances to the environment particularly during the construction and operation phases.. Noise will generate during drilling, well testing, tripping and cementing but are temporary and will decline when all the wells have been drilled and tested.

Construction works will be conducted along the roads in urban/semi urban area, where there are houses, schools and hospitals, religious places and small-scale businesses. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation, particularly breaking of cement concrete or bitumen roads, operation of construction equipment like concrete mixers, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Vibration generated from construction activity, for instance from the use of pneumatic drills, will have impact on nearly buildings. This impact is negative but short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

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(i) Plan activities in consultation with PIU so that activities with the greatest potential to

generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance;

(ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach;

(iii) As far as possible use new construction machineries and keep all the old machineries in good and maintained state.

(iv) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and use portable street barriers to minimize sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor;

(v) Maximum sound levels should not exceed the WHO guideline values for noise levels.

(vi) Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity;

(vii) Consult the custodians of important buildings, cultural and tourism authorities and local communities in advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals.

(viii) Conduct Noise monitoring according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Landscape and Aesthetics. Some trees may be required to cut due to which landscape

and aesthetics of those sites will be reduced. The construction works will produce excess excavated earth, excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other similar items. Haphazard disposal of these will have negative impacts on landscape and overall aesthetics. These impacts are negative but are of short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Take all the efforts to reduce numbers of tree cutting by amending design; (ii) Compensatory plantation in the ratio of 1:3 is required to increase landscape and

aesthetics of the sites where tree cutting has been done (iii) Prepare and implement spoils management plan; (iv) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (v) Coordinate with ULB for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately

dispose to designated areas; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer

required; and (ix) Request PIU to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work

has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

Groundwater Quality. Increased demand for groundwater is anticipated during the

construction phase for construction activities and personal consumption by workers. Even a small project can require 100 m3/day of water. Uncontrolled extraction of water may affect availability of water to locals. It is expected that most fill material will generally be compacted dry. The pressure testing of pipelines will be carried out with compressed air. The testing of

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water retaining structures such as pumping stations, water will be used but limited to a single filling of the structure.

The project area is in Raipur block of Dehradhun district which is categorized as “SAFE”

as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB. ‘Safe’ area in terms of categorisation leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. However, this large scope may give rise to over exploitation of the resources, in case its development is not planned properly in a scientific way. According to UJS, in the project area depth to water level ranges between 15 and 20 m below ground level in pre monsoon of 2006 while post monsoon varied from 25 to 40 m below ground level.

In addition, construction waste, if left unattended, may result in percolation of leachate

through the soil strata reaching the groundwater table contaminating. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only. It is necessary that arrangement for safe drinking water is made prior to start of work. Water will be supplied for consumption only after adequate analysis and requisite treatment. The workers may also be trained on the need for judicious use of freshwater resources. The contractors will use water in consideration to its value as a resource. Mitigation measures will include:

(i) Prevent pollutants from contaminating the soil and the groundwater; (ii) All tube wells, test holes, monitoring wells that are no longer in use or needed

shall be properly decommissioned; (iii) Storage of lubricants and fuel at least 50 m from water bodies; (iv) Storage of fuel and lubricants in double hulled tanks. Fuel and other petroleum

products stored at storage areas away from water drainage and protected by impermeable lining and bonded 110%;

(v) Daily control of machinery and vehicles for leakages; (vi) Collection of waste during construction activities; (vii) Provide uncontaminated water for dust suppression; (viii) Enclose the construction area to prevent unauthorized access

Another physical impact that is often associated with excavation is the effect on drainage

and the local water table if groundwater collects in the voids. Here groundwater occurs in shallow depths, and rains are high during monsoon season. However, to ensure that water will not pond in pits and voids near project location, the construction contractor will be required to conduct excavation works in non-monsoon season to the maximum extent possible. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only. However, to ensure that these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement a spoils management plan (Appendix 14); (ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered

by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (iii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils

will be disposed, consult with PIU on designated disposal areas; (iv) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the

water bodies; (v) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to

water bodies; (vi) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and

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(vii) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Accessibility. Excavation along the roads, hauling of construction materials and

operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Prepare and implement a Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 15) (ii) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads,

except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (iii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iv) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic

congestion; (v) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (vi) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vii) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and for provision of

traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (viii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and

duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Wherever road width is very narrow, there will be temporary loss of access to

pedestrians and vehicular traffic (including 2-wheelers) during the laying of pipes. Under those circumstances, contractor shall adopt following measures:

(i) Inform the affected local population 1-week in advance about the work schedule (ii) Plan and execute the work in such a way that the period of disturbance/ loss of

access is minimum. (iii) Provide pedestrian access in all the locations until normalcy is restored. Provide

wooden/metal planks over the open trenches at each house to maintain the access.

Trenchless Pipe Installation. Trenchless pipe laying involves the use of horizontal

direction drilling (HDD) which involves a hydraulic machinery to drill a horizontal tunnel for a new pipe, so no trenches are dug, and excavation is limited to the entry and exit points. Noise generated due to HDD may affect the neighboring communities and other sensitive receptors (such as students at schools and other educational institutes, patients at hospitals etc.).

During drilling bentonite slurry may be used to cooling the drill bit, lubricating the drill bit

and drill rods, increasing the stability of the borehole, etc. A part of the original bentonite slurry may be recycled and reused, while the remaining slurry may spill out to the watercourses. If the bentonite slurry is not properly collected and treated, it will contaminate the adjacent watercourse. The contractors’ mitigation measures will include but not necessarily be limited to the following measures:

(i) Pipes shall be installed by the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) methods

where required. If the method is not feasible for any road, the contractor shall inform the Project Manager and gain prior approval for an alternative method or for open trench method.

(ii) Excavation material shall be removed from the conduit as the work progresses. No accumulation of excavated material within the conduit will be permitted.

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(iii) The contractor shall provide sediment and erosion control measures in accordance with local environmental legislation.

(iv) The contractor shall supply portable mud tanks or construct temporary mud pits to contain excess drill fluids during construction. Spent drilling fluids and cuttings shall be confined to the entrance and exit pits.

(v) The contractor shall take all necessary precautions to minimize the damage to the adjacent properties. Drilling fluid/ bentonite slurry that enters the pipe shall be removed by flushing or other suitable methods. Sediment tanks of sufficient capacity constructed from pre-formed individual cells of approximately 6-8m3 capacities shall be used for settling wastewaters prior to disposal.

(vi) The contractor shall be responsible for cleanup and restoration of the site. (vii) Pits excavated to permit connection of bored pipe shall be backfilled, and

disturbed areas shall be restored to their original state or better. Sections of sidewalks, curbs, and gutters or other permanent improvements damaged during HDD operations shall be repaired or replaced at the contractor’s expense.

Traffic diversion and/or road closure. Laying of sewer lines and construction of drains

simultaneously may significantly impact the traffic movement. This should be avoided as far as possible by proper planning of construction works. If traffic diversion and/or road closure is required for the proposed works, prior consent from traffic department will be required and prior information to affected areas and public should be disseminated through consultations by DSC. Proper road signage and traffic aids should be provided at site. Excavation along the roads, hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. As the trenchless method adopted for sewers of more than 6-7 m deep avoiding open cut excavation, this will avoid large scale disturbances in the busy roads. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan sewer line works to minimize traffic disturbance / blockades; as the both water

and sewer lines are to be laid in all the roads and streets in the town, work planning is crucial to minimize the inconvenience to public due to repeated excavations

(ii) Prepare and implement a Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 15) (iii) Duly consider and select sections for trenchless method of pipe laying based on

traffic conditions (iv) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic

congestion; (v) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and for provision of

traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and

duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. (viii) Maintain sufficient access to houses and shopkeepers (commercial

establishments) during pipe/sewer laying work through metal sheets and temporary bridges

Socio-Economic – Income. The project components will be located in government land

and there is no requirement for land acquisition or any resettlement. Construction works will impede the access of residents to specific site in limited cases. The potential impacts are negative and moderate but short-term and temporary. The construction contractor will be required to:

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(i) Prepare and implement spoils management plan (Appendix 14); (ii) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (iii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across for

people and vehicles; (iv) Increase workforce in the areas with predominantly institutions, place of worship,

business establishment, hospitals, and schools; (v) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in

work schedules; and (vi) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction

works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 36-months

construction stage. This can result in generation of temporary employment and increase in local revenue. Thus, potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to employ local labour force, to the maximum extent, possible.

Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in height and excavation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Comply with all national, state and local labor laws (Appendix 7); (ii) Following best practice health and safety guidelines: IFC’s General EHS

Guidelines26, WHO Interim Guidance (and its updates) on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waste management for the COVID19 virus (Appendix 16), and Sector Specific (Water and Sanitation) Guidelines27.

(iii) ADB’s Interim Advisory Note on Protecting the Safety and Well-Being of Workers and Communities from COVID-19 (2020) (Appendix 26)

(iv) Develop and implement site-specific occupational health and safety (OHS) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment; (c) OHS Training28 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;

(v) Conduct work in confine spaces, trenches, and at height with suitable precautions and using standards and safe construction methods; do not adopt adhoc methods; all trenches deeper than 1.5 m shall be provided with safety shoring/braces; and avoid open cutting method for trenches deeper than 6-7 m by adopting trenchless technology

26https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BGeneral%2BEHS%2B

Guidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 27https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/e22c050048855ae0875cd76a6515bb18/Final%2B%2BWater%2Band%2BSa

nitation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 28 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips

and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.

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(vi) Ensure that qualified first aid is provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;

(vii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (viii) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (ix) The project area experiences extreme temperature during summer months of April

and May, which may affect the health of workers engaged in construction work. Contractor should take necessary measures during summers including the following:

▪ Work schedule should be adjusted to avoid peak temperature hours (12 – 3 PM)

▪ Provide appropriate shade near the workplace; allow periodic resting and provide adequate water

▪ Provide necessary medicine and facilities to take care of dehydration related health issues

(x) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (xi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious

substances; (xii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised

of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;

(xiii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted;

(xiv) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas;

(xv) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xvi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical

devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

(xvii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

(xviii) Conduct regular health check-ups for workers (xix) Provide periodical awareness camps and special trainings for workers for health

issues and risks in construction sites

Occupational Health and Safety Plan due to COVID 19 Pandemic. PMU, PIUs,

Consultants and contractors to ensure that: (i) package wise details and evidences such as photographs/display board for grievance redress mechanism (GRM)/health and safety (H&S) measures taken at work sites due to COVID 19 pandemic are included in monthly monitoring report; and (ii) ensure that efficient implementation of the H&S Plan developed by the project in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Important protocols or measures in the H&S Plan are to ensure that the following are complied with at the offices and worksites of the project: (i) screening of employees and workers; (ii) record keeping of screening results; (iii) availability and use of appropriate PPEs; (iv) social distancing; (v) proper office set up reconfiguration to ensure social distancing; (vi) new office and work site meeting arrangements; vii) regular disinfection of work areas, vehicles and equipment; and (viii) provision of adequate ventilation in indoor spaces or wearing masks, among others. PIU safeguards officer with the assistance of the safeguards experts of DSCs and Contractors EHS officers to take precautions, provide continuous

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induction and continue conducting regular safeguards implementation trainings including implementation monitoring of regular usage of PPEs and COVID-19 related safety measures. Key reminders for the PMU, PIUs, contractors, and workers to comply with the following occupational health and safety measures as stated in the agreed OHS Plan:

(i) Ensure project staff, consultants, contractors, and workers have in their mobile devices the Aarogya Setu App, which is a mobile application developed and recommended by the government to proactively reach out to and inform the users of the app regarding risks, best practices and relevant advisories pertaining to the containment of COVID-19;

(ii) Mandatory isolation of the personnel or workers, either asymptomatic or showing symptoms, who have had direct contact with anyone tested positive for COVID-19. Follow the isolation procedures issued by the government;

(iii) Proper disposal of used PPE following guidelines and procedures issued by the government;

(iv) Conduct daily briefing on the developments of COVID-19 in the state or country, either through emails, meetings or daily toolbox talks;

(v) When possible, allow work from home arrangement based on the nature of jobs; (vi) If necessary, pick up and drop off facility be extended to staff (based on the distance

of the staff residence from office and on availability of safe mode of transport); (vii) Avoid face to face meetings – critical situations requiring in-person discussion must

follow social distancing. Do not convene in-person meetings of more than 10 people;

(viii) If possible, conduct all meetings via conference calls. Recommend use of cell phones, texting, web meeting sites and conference calls for project discussions;

(ix) Contractor to help its workers arrange a systematic procurement of all daily needs and groceries at worksites. This will avoid each and every worker going to shops for these daily needs;

(x) Contractor to arrange for contactless payment of wages to workers, where possible; (xi) Allow distributed break times for workers to maintain social distancing and reduce

contact; (xii) Remind employees and workers to maintain good health by getting adequate sleep;

eating a balanced and healthy diet, avoiding alcohol/smoking; and consuming plenty of fluids; and

(xiii) Remind employees and workers to extend their adherence to the H&S protocols at their respective homes. Infection may happen beyond the borders of offices and work sites.

Asbestos Containing Materials. No Asbestos containing material (ACM) is proposed to

be used in the subproject construction. There are least possibilities of presence of ACM in the existing water supply/sewerage infrastructures. Given the dangerous nature of this material for both workers and citizens, additional measure should be taken to protect the health of all parties in the event (however unlikely) that AC pipes are encountered. It is suggested not to remove the AC pipes and lay new pipes parallel to it and left AC pipes in-situ. This will remove risks of handling and disposal of AC pipes. Further, prior to start of construction works, PIU will develop a protocol to be applied in any instance that AC pipes are encountered, to ensure that appropriate action is taken. This should be based on the approach recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),29and amongst other things, should involve:

29 In the USA, standards and approaches for handling asbestos are prescribed by the Occupational Health and

Safety Administration (OHSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and can be found at

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(i) Training of all personnel (including manual labourers) to enable them to understand

the dangers of AC pipes and to be able to recognize them in situ; (ii) Reporting procedures to inform PIU immediately if AC pipes are encountered; (iii) Development and application of a detailed H&S procedure to protect both workers

and citizens. This should comply with national and international standards for dealing with asbestos, and should include: (a) removal of all persons to a safe distance; (b) usage of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective equipment by persons delegated to deal with the AC material; and (c) Procedures for the safe removal and long-term disposal of all asbestos- containing material encountered.

Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public, specifically in high-

pedestrian areas may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PIU in identifying risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to

minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.

(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of on-going trenching activities.

Some parts of the project areas are characterized by narrow roads. Particularly, the

areas located on slopes have very narrow roads with sharp turns and are accessible only to pedestrians. Besides impeding the access, the trench excavation and pipe laying will pose safety risks to pedestrians and the people living in these areas. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Trench excavation and pipeline works shall be conducted in a safe manner; if the allowing public movement along the work sites (pedestrians or vehicles as the case may be) is likely to cause safety risks, movement should be blocked temporarily and work shall be conducted; in such areas, conducting night work or working in small stretches to avoid blockage of traffic/movement no more than few hours in due consultation with the local community and ULB shall be planned

(ii) All trenches deeper than 1.5 m shall be provided with safety shoring/braces; and avoid open cutting method for trenches deeper than 6-7 m by adopting trenchless technology

(iii) Survey the surrounding vulnerable buildings for likely issues in structural stability / differential settlement during the excavation works

(iv) Provide prior information to the local people about the nature and duration of work (v) Conduct awareness program on safety during the construction work (vi) Undertake the construction work stretch-wise; excavation, pipe laying and trench

refilling should be completed on the same day (vii) Provide hard barricades, and deploy security personnel to ensure safe movement of

people and also to prevent unnecessary entry and to avoid accidental fall into open trenches

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos

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Establishment and Operation of Construction Camps and Workers Facilities. It is

likely that the contract may employ workers from outside project area, and therefore may provide temporary workers accommodation during the construction phase. Proper provision and maintenance of facilities is necessary for proper living conditions and avoid health, environment and safety issues. Workers camps may also adverse impacts on surrounding communities. Operation of construction camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Consult PIU before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide drinking water, water for other uses, and sanitation facilities for

employees; (iv) Provided temporary rest and eating area at all work sites (v) Ensure conditions of livability at work camps are maintained at the highest

standards possible at all times; living quarters and construction camps shall be provided with standard materials (as far as possible to use portable ready to fit-in reusable cabins with proper ventilation); thatched huts, and facilities constructed with materials like GI sheets, tarpaulins, etc., shall not be used as accommodation for workers; accommodation shall meet the IFC standards for workers accommodation30 which include: provision of safe housing, availability of electricity, plumbing, water and sanitation, adequate fire protection and dormitory/room facilities; accommodation shall be in the range from 10 to 12.5 cubic meters (volume) or 4 to 5.5 square meters (surface) per worker, a minimum ceiling height of 2.10 meters; a reasonable number of workers are allowed to share the same room – (standards range from 2 to 8 workers); workers with accompanying families shall be provided with a proper and safe accommodation (IFC benchmark standards for workers accommodation is provided in Appendix 17). Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood;

(vi) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination;

(vii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (viii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,

recycling and disposal to designated areas; (ix) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer

required; and (x) Report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project

conditions before acceptance of work.

Social and Cultural Resources. For this project, excavation will occur at locations known not to have archaeological values, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work;

30https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-

ifc/publications/publications_gpn_workersaccommodation

https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/publications/publications_gpn_workersaccommodation

https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/publications/publications_gpn_workersaccommodation

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(ii) Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work;

(iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; (iv) Inform local Archaeological Department / Museum office if a find is suspected; take

any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

Debris disposal. Prior to the commencement of works, contractor shall identify a debris

disposal site in consultation with the PIU and DSC consultants. Contractor will follow all the prescribed rules during construction and adhering to following criteria:(including but not limited to)

(i) The site shall be selected preferably from barren, infertile lands. In case agricultural

land needs to be selected, top-soil stripping, stacking and preservation should be undertaken prior to initiation of any activities.

(ii) Debris disposal site shall be at least 200 m away from surface water bodies. (iii) No residential areas shall be located within 100 m downwind side of the site. (iv) The site is minimum 250 m. away from sensitive locations like hospitals, religious

places, ponds/lakes or other water bodies. (v) The local governing body and community shall be consulted while selecting the site.

Night works. Most of the construction works shall be undertaken only during day hours.

Night works are required only in the extreme conditions such as road having heavy traffic in daytime and/or no alternate access can be provided for the road users, extreme climatic conditions (extreme hot during summers), religious fairs/celebrations in daytime etc. Contractors are required to take prior approval from PIU/consultants and concerned town authorities for night works. Contractors are required to adhere following conditions for night works including those prescribed by concerned authorities:

(i) Prepare a night work protocol and obtain prior approval from PIU, and strictly

implement and report on implementation of protocol during the workers (ii) Contractors should have handheld noise level meter for measurement of noise

during night hours (iii) Contractors should have handheld lux meter for the measurement of illumination

during night hours (iv) Preferably electrical connections are available for running equipment otherwise

soundproof/super silent Diesel Generator set should be available (v) Sound level should not increase as prescribe by CPCB (vi) Illumination should be as follows-

Table 33: Illumination Standards for Night Working

Minimum illumination (lx)

Areas to be illuminated Type of work activity

54 Illumination throughout the work area

General work area lighting, and performance of visual tasks of large size, or medium contrast, or low require accuracy

108 Illumination of work area and areas adjacent to equipment

Performance of visual tasks of medium size, or low to medium contrast, or medium required accuracy

216 Illumination of task Performance of visual tasks of small size,

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Minimum illumination (lx)

Areas to be illuminated Type of work activity

or low contrast or high required accuracy or fine finish

(viii) As far as possible ready-mix concrete from batching plant to be used, otherwise

the concrete should be prepared away from residential areas and brought to the site (ix) All the noisy activities like hammering, cutting, crushing, running of heavy equipment

should be done in daytime and avoided in nighttime (x) Workers engaged in night works should have adequate rest/sleep in daytime before

start of night works (xi) Worker engaged for night works should have previous experience of night works

and should be physically fit for such works including clear vision in night (xii) All the necessary provisions of traffic aids such as traffic signals, road signage,

barricades, cautions boards, traffic diversion boards etc. should be available with fluorescent/retro-reflective arrangements

(xiii) Workers should be trained before start of night works about risks and hazards of night works and their mitigation measures and should be provided all the protective aids (PPEs) including fluorescent/retro-reflective vests

(xiv) Horns should not be permitted by equipment and vehicles (xv) Workers should not shout and create noise (xvi) First aid and emergency vehicles should be available at site (xvii) Emergency preparedness plan should be operative during night works (xviii) Old persons and pregnant women and women having small kids should not work

in nighttime (xix) All the vehicles and equipment being used at night works should have adequate

type of silencers/enclosures/mufflers to reduce noise (xx) All the vehicles should be checked for working head lamps, tail lamps, inner lights

etc. before start of night works (xxi) PIU/DSC site engineers and contractor’s safety personnel should closely monitor

the safety of works continuously and noise and illumination levels on hourly basis and maintain photographic and video graphic records as well as register the observations.

(xxii) Night works should be stopped early in the morning at least one hour before start of pedestrian/traffic movement

(xxiii) After completion of night works all the site should be cleaned and maintained obstruction free for daytime movement of vehicles and pedestrians

(xxiv) Drivers and workers should be alert and responsive during night works (xxv) All the wages to workers working in night hours should be as per the applicable

labour acts (xxvi) Avoid any nuisance which may create problems to nearby habitants and work

peacefully during night hours (xxvii) Night works should not be conducted near hospitals and during peak seasons

such as peak tourist season, students’ exam times etc.

Reinstatement of Working Areas on Completion. The contractor will reinstate all

working areas and access routes as work proceeds during construction. All plant, equipment, materials, temporary infrastructure and vehicles will be removed at the earliest opportunity and the surface of the ground restored as near as practicable to its original condition.

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E. Operation and Maintenance Impacts

In the operational phase, all facilities and infrastructure will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only.

Water Supply System. Operation and Maintenance of the water supply system will be carried out by DBO contractor for 5 years and then Dehradun Nagar Nigam directly or through an external operator. The water supply system is intended to deliver potable water meeting drinking water standards (Appendix 3) to the consumers at their homes. This must be ensured.

The system has a design life of 30 years, during which shall not require major repairs or refurbishments and should operate with little maintenance beyond routine actions required to keep the equipment in working order. The stability and integrity of the system will be monitored periodically to detect any problems and allow remedial action if required. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts.

Recurrence of pipe bursting and leakage problems in water supply system will be managed by the leak detection and water auditing surveys. The operating agency will be required to ensure that the leak detection and rectification time is minimized. These are however likely to be minimal as proper design selection and good quality pipe material should mean that leaks are minimal. The bulk meters that are provided as part of this sub-project will be of great use in detecting leaks in network. Leak repair work will be similar to the pipe laying work. Trenches will be dug to reveal the leaking area and the faulty connection will be re-fitted, or the pipe will be removed and replaced if necessary.

It is proposed to use chlorine for disinfection of water, therefore there is a safety risk due to handling of large quantities of chlorine at the tube well /OHT. Likely impacts will be negligible if the various measures are suggested safety features and equipment to meet with any accidental eventuality are included in the design and development of the facility. During the operation phase, it is necessary that the facility is operated by trained staff as per the standard operating procedures.

(i) Chlorinator facility is operated only by trained staff and as per the standard operating

procedures (ii) In case of any accident and/or maintenance activity, the staff should follow

documented procedures only (iii) It is suggested to develop an Emergency Response System (ERS) for the chlorine

leakage

Operation and Maintenance of the sewerage systems will be carried out by DBO

contractor for 5 years and then by Dehradun Nagar Nigam directly or through an external operator. The sewerage system is intended to collect, convey, treat and dispose the sewage safely the sewage coming from packages 2 and 3 and receiving all sewer of package 1 of Banjarwala safely and dispose entire sewage to the proposed STP. Operation will involve collection and conveyance of wastewater from houses to STP; treatment of sewage at STP to meet the disposal standards; and final disposal of treated wastewater, and treatment and disposal of sludge.

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It has to be ensured that the contractor obtains the relevant consents from UEPPCB for

operation of STP. Also, the treated effluent should meet the parameters as set by CPCB/UEPPCB. Contractor will also ensure compliances to all the conditions as mentioned in the CTO.

Treated wastewater is proposed to be utilized in reuse applications following the Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems, CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India (Appendix 13) and accordingly reuse plan will be prepared by the contractor in consultation with Nagar Nigam, PMU and PIU during the detailed design phase. As stated previously, subproject will be implemented under design-build-operate (DBO) modality and the successful bidder / DBO contactor will carry out detailed designs, therefore at present the subproject is designed in outline only. The treated wastewater if utilized for reuse purposes as per the Reuse Plan, there will be no negative impacts, and in fact it will enhance environmental benefits in the form of water savings. Various measures to safeguard environment and health environment in utilizing the treated wastewater, including required quality for various process will be established in the reuse plan and will be implemented accordingly. All necessary safety, mitigation and monitoring measures as suggested in the reuse plan shall be implemented. The excess / surplus / unused wastewater, if any, will be finally discharged into Bindal River, which runs mostly dry except during monsoon. It carries untreated wastewater and solid wastes from habitations along its course. Considering the existing status of river and the degree of treatment, no significant impacts envisaged. Proper systems should be put in place at the proposed STP to ensure that treated wastewater at all times meet the stipulated standards prior to its discharge. Operation and maintenance of STP and change in incoming sewage quality will have impact on the treatment efficiency.

Subproject includes sludge management infrastructure in STP, including system for

sludge collection, thickening, solar drying, and disposal at landfill/identified site. This includes a Sludge Sump to collect sludge from SBR basins; returning arrangement for supernatant from the sump to inlet/equalization tank for treatment; pumping sludge to sludge thickener and pumping thickened to mechanical sludge dewatering system (such as centrifuge). It also requires contractor to establish a shed where the dewatered sludge cake can be further air dried for 15 days. This is indicative sludge management system, and contractor will design the system meeting these requirements and prepare sludge management plan. It is proposed that the dewatered sludge shall be transported in trucks for disposal to sanitary landfills at Shishambara which is about 28 km away from proposed STP location or for use as manure on agricultural land. If the sludge is managed properly , there will no impacts

STP operational procedures will be firmed up during the detailed design phase, including the amount of automated or manual operation. It must be ensured that the facility is operated with standard operating procedures and only by trained staffs. Ensuring uninterrupted power supply with back-up facility is a must. Standard operating procedures and operation manual will be prepared by the DBO contractor. Besides routine operation, this should cover all necessary items such as preventive maintenance, periodic maintenance and emergency maintenance, replacement of pumps, motors, and other electro-mechanical parts as per the design life to optimize energy use and system efficiency etc., Adequate resources – technical and financial, has been taken into consideration in the project design. Manual will also include safety awareness and mock drills for worker safety.

The system shall have a design life of 30 years, during which time, the system shall not require major repairs or refurbishments and should operate with little maintenance beyond

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routine actions required to keep the equipment in working order. The stability and integrity of the system will be monitored periodically to detect any problems and allow remedial action, if required. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration, servicing and replacement of parts.

During the operation phase, it is necessary that the facility is operated by trained staffs

as per the standard operating procedures. Following measures are suggested for implementation / compliance during the operation phase:

(i) Ensure that treated wastewater meets the established discharge standards all times;

conduct regular wastewater quality monitoring (at inlet and at outlet of STP) to ensure that the treated effluent quality complies with design standards;

(ii) Ensure implementation of Reuse Plan, and ensure intended quality for each direct reuse

(iii) Assess composition and characteristics of sludge from the first batch operation at the initial phases, and confirm the handling, management and disposal/reuse actions suggested in the management plan

(iv) Conduct periodic testing of dried sludge/compost to check presence of heavy metals and confirming the concentrations to use as compost as specified in the Standards for Composting, Schedule II A, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, FCO = Fertilizer Control Order, 1985, amendments in 2009 and 2013. It shall not be used for food crops.

(v) Ensure valid consent to operate (CTO) from UEPPCB for operation of STP. (vi) Ensure that all conditions/standards prescribed by UEPPCB are compiled duly (vii) Ensure that chlorinator facility is operated only by trained staff and as per the

standard operating procedures; in case of any accident and/or maintenance activity, ensure that the staff follows documented procedures only

(viii) Implement Emergency Response System (ERS) for the chlorine leakage; Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing chlorine is attached as Appendix 18.

(ix) Ensure proper knowledge transfer, hands-on training to municipal staff engaged in STP operation has been provided by contractor prior to handover of facility;

(x) Operate and maintain the facility following standard operating procedures of operational manual;

(xi) Undertake preventive and periodic maintenance activities as required; (xii) Conduct periodic training to workers; ensure that all safety apparatus at STP

including personal protection equipment are in good condition all times; and are at easily accessible and identifiable place; periodically check the equipment, and conduct mock drills to deal with emergency situations;

(xiii) No wastewater from industrial premises (including domestic wastewater) shall be allowed to dispose into municipal sewers; monitor regularly and ensure that there is no illegal discharge through manholes or inspection chambers; conduct public awareness programs; in coordination with UEPPCB:

Leakage and Overflows. There are also certain environmental risks from the operation

of the sewer system, most notably from leaking sewer pipes as untreated fecal material can damage human health and contaminate both soil and groundwater. It will be imperative therefore that the operating agency establishes a procedure to routinely check the operation and integrity of the sewers, and to implement rapid and effective repairs where necessary.

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There is an occupation health risk to workers engaged in sewer maintenance activities. Following measures should inter alia be followed:

(i) As far as possible, use CCTV mechanism to detect the problems in pipelines and do

not engage persons for this purpose ( (ii) As far as possible use mechanized cleaning of manholes and pipelines by using

modern techniques and machines and do not engage persons for this purpose and engage persons only if mechanized cleaning is not possible in any way

(iii) Ensure that employees and line management understand the risks through proper instruction, training and supervision.

(iv) Use gas detector before entering any person inside manhole to detect any hazardous or inflammable gas present inside the manhole.

(v) Provide suitable personal protective equipment that may include waterproof / abrasion-resistant gloves, footwear, eye and respiratory protection. Face visors are particularly effective against splashes. Equipment selection and a proper system for inspection and maintenance are important.

(vi) (Provide adequate welfare facilities, including clean water, soap, nail brushes, disposable paper towels, and where heavy contamination is foreseeable, showers.

(vii) For remote locations portable welfare facilities should be provided. (viii) Areas for storage of clean and contaminated equipment should be segregated and

separate from eating facilities. (ix) Provide adequate first-aid equipment, including clean water or sterile wipes for

cleansing wounds, and a supply of sterile, waterproof, adhesive dressings. (x) Make effective arrangements for monitoring the health of staff. (xi) Keep emergency preparedness plan ready before start of the work on sewage

system cleaning

Occupational Health and Safety. There will be risk of health of workers during operation and maintenance if repair and maintenance crews do not abide by the proper health and safety procedures and therefore they may suffer infectious diseases. The following measures will be implemented:

(i) Ensure routine vaccinations for workers for influenza, tetanus, and Hepatitis “B” (in

consultation with appropriate physicians); (ii) Install railing around all process tanks and pits. Require use of a life line and

personal flotation device (PFD) when workers are inside the railing, and ensure rescue buoys and throw bags are readily available;

(iii) Use PFDs when working near waterways; (iv) Implement a confined spaces entry program that is consistent with applicable

national requirements and internationally accepted standards. Valves to process tanks should be locked to prevent accidental flooding during maintenance;

(v) Use fall protection equipment when working at heights; (vi) Maintain work areas to minimize slipping and tripping; (vii) Implement fire and explosion prevention measures in accordance with

internationally accepted standards; (viii) Workers must be trained to recognize potential hazards, use proper work

practices and procedures, recognize adverse health effects, understand the physical signs and reactions related to exposures, and are familiar with appropriate emergency evacuation procedures. They must also be trained to select and use the appropriate PPE;

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(ix) Provide all the personal protective equipment like gum boots, nose mask, gloves etc. for the protection of workers;

(x) The workplace will be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting equipment. The equipment will be periodically inspected and maintained in good working condition;

(xi) Providing adequate personnel facilities, including washing areas and areas to change clothes before and after work;

(xii) Medical check-up will be conducted on regular basis and the health conditions will be monitored;

(xiii) First aid facilities required to attend immediately for meeting emergency situations will be made available at the facility;

(xiv) Maintain good housekeeping in waste processing and storage areas; (xv) Conduct detailed identification and marking of all electrical connections prior

to any maintenance work; (xvi) Use specially trained personnel to demount electrical parts; (xvii) Provide

safe means of access and egress from confined places, such as stairs and ladders, and safety ropes;

(xvii) Avoid operating combustion equipment for prolonged periods unless the area is actively ventilated; and

(xviii) Avoid exposure to excessive noise levels beyond permissible limits set out by local and international regulations.

When installing or repairing mains adjacent to roadways, implement procedures and

traffic controls, such as:

(i) Establishment of work zones so as to separate workers from traffic and from

equipment as much as possible; (ii) Reduction of allowed vehicle speeds in work zones; (iii) Use of high-visibility safety apparel or reflectorized vests for workers in the

vicinity of traffic; (iv) For night work, provision of proper illumination for the work space, while

controlling glare so as not to blind workers and passing motorists; and (v) Locate all underground utilities before digging.

Community Health and Safety. Neighboring community is likely to be temporarily

disrupted due to mismanagement of overflows, hazardous waste and materials and odor and noise nuisance. However, public safety in respect of operational impacts is best secured through the prevention of unauthorized access. Operational staff will be trained in and comply with all the provisions of the UUSDA Health and Safety requirements, delineated by the contractor before handing over the plant.

(i) Develop and implement appropriate protocols to reduce risks to safety, public health, and environment that include well-written instructions;

(ii) Response to overflows by preventing, containing, minimizing, the overflow where it is feasible and safe to do so;

(iii) Develop a contingency plan (site-specific); (iv) Protect components of sewage pumping stations from flood damage where it is

feasible to do so (for instance, protecting components from rising flood water to enable reinstating more rapidly);

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(v) Train operators on release prevention, including drills specific to hazardous materials as part of emergency preparedness response training;

(vi) Implement inspection programs to maintain the mechanical integrity and operability of pressure vessels, tanks, piping systems, relief and vent valve systems, containment infrastructure, emergency shutdown systems, controls and pumps, and associated process equipment;

(vii) Prepare written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for filling containers or equipment as well as for transfer operations by personnel trained in the safe transfer and filling of the hazardous material, and in spill prevention and response;

(viii) Transport and dispose waste residues from screens in legal and approved disposal sites;

(ix) Make available spill response equipment sufficient to handle at least initial stages of a spill;

(x) Train and educate operational personnel on response activities in the event of spill, release, or chemical emergency; and

(xi) Provide quality monitoring tests for groundwater and surface water resources adjacent to project locations.

Pathogens and Vectors.. Workers and staff at wastewater and sludge treatment

facilities and fields where treated wastewater or sludge is applied, as well as operators of sludge collection vehicles, can be exposed to the many pathogens contained in sewage. Processing of sewage can generate bio aerosols which are suspensions of particles in the air consisting partially or wholly of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, molds, and fungi. These microorganisms can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, retaining viability or infectivity. Workers may also be exposed to endotoxins, which are produced within a microorganism and released upon destruction of the cell and which can be carried by airborne dust particles. Vectors for sewage pathogens include insects (e.g. flies), rodents (e.g. rats) and birds (e.g. gulls).. Mitigation. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control exposure to pathogens and vectors include wastewater and sludge treatment, and land application. Specific mitigation measures that will be employed include

(i) Safety training program for workers, safe handling and personal hygiene

practices to minimize exposure to pathogens and vectors; (ii) Use of vacuum trucks or tugs for removal of fecal sludge instead of manual

methods; (iii) Provide and require use of suitable personal protective clothing and equipment

to prevent contact with wastewater (e.g., rubber gloves, aprons, boots, etc.). Provide prompt medical attention and cover any skin trauma such as cuts and abrasions to prevent infection and use protective clothing and goggles to prevent contact with spray and splashes;

(iv) Provide areas for workers to shower and change clothes before leaving work and provide laundry service for work clothes. This practice also helps minimize chemical and radionuclide exposure;

(v) Encourage workers at wastewater facilities to wash hands frequently; (vi) Provide worker immunization (e.g. for Hepatitis B and tetanus) and health

monitoring, including regular physical examinations; (vii) Reduce aerosol formation and distribution, for example by planting trees around

the aeration basin to shield the area from wind and to capture the droplets and particles

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(viii) Reducing aeration rate, if possible, but not to the detriment of wastewater treatment efficiency;

(ix) Avoid handling screenings by hand to prevent needle stick injuries; (x) Maintain good housekeeping in sewage processing and storage areas; and (xi) Advise individuals with asthma, diabetes, or suppressed immune systems not to

work at wastewater treatment facilities, because of their greater risk of infection.

Operation of FSSM. A FSSM system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is equipped with septage co-treatment facility. At present, the Kargi STP is under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity.

Under septage management, septic tanks and soak pits are proposed (individual and community based) and pipe inside the properties for connection to connection chamber and property connection chamber outside property. This also includes the pipeline on road and connection up to community septic tanks and finally to STP for co-treatment. Although system will be completely mechanized, given the very harmful nature of septage, following precautionary measures shall be implemented:

(i) Create awareness program on the FSSM in general public; FSSM-related behavior

campaigns will also be implemented as part of behavior change programs; This will also make the households aware of materials/substances that may kill septic tank bacteria if discharged into drains or flushed down the toilets (refer for guidance - https://www.csrd.bc.ca/sites/default/files/liquid-waste-management/Septic-Smart/Docs/dos-and-donts.pdf)

(ii) Implement Health and Safety Plan for FSSM (iii) Provide proper training to the workers, and staff in safe handling of FSSM tasks,

provide all necessary personal protection equipment and ensure their usage; (iv) Ensure that the system is operated completely mechanically, with least involvement

of workers; there shall be no direct contact of septage to any worker or staff (v) Ensure proper facilities for workers including showers, wash areas, toilets, drinking

water, eating and resting places (vi) Conduct regular health checks (vii) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for cleaning of sewers and septic tanks by

CPHEEO shoud be followed31 (viii) Ensure that tankers cleaning is done mechanically, and in the demarcate area at

STP, and the wastewater generated in the process shall be discharged into STP.

Closure Plan of Septic tanks. A number of households would be connected to the sewerage network under the Project. However, the existing septic tank system that is being used by the residents should be closed appropriately. This is to prevent the contamination of groundwater or surface water or land resulting from improperly closed septic tank system or septic tank failure. Effective and proper closure of septic tanks can be achieved when the sullage present in the system is emptied into a larger mobile tank which is later sent to the treatment plant for effective treatment. Later, the walls of the septic walls should be removed

31 http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/5c0a062b23e94SOPforcleaningofSewersSepticTanks.pdf

http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/5c0a062b23e94SOPforcleaningofSewersSepticTanks.pdf

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and disposed as construction debris appropriately. Subsequently, the empty septic tank pit should be filled with stone, coarse and fine sand material to complete the septic tank closure. Towards this, the Nagar Nigam should establish a mechanism by which the household owners can hire recognized service providers to perform effective septic tank closures and the Nagar Nigam can issue a closure permit after inspection.

Storm Water Drainage Systems. Storm water drainage system ensure that surface

runoff generated during rainy season is properly collected, transported and discharged to the nearest water body without causing any health or environmental problems. The catchment outside the project boundary and contributing runoff in the area shall also be considered while designing storm water drainage system.

. The drainage system is in its best when it is maintained as properly as designed. For

this purpose, it is necessary that the drains keep their shape and slope in the designed manner during their life time. It is also necessary to ensure that the drains retain their full cross section, particularly for the monsoon. The extent of these repairs depends upon location of the drain, nature of nearby habitation and cross drainage structures. Garbage, solid waste and road cleanings enter the drain resulting in silting and solid crustation of extraneous material making the maintenance difficult. Regular maintenance and monitoring of the drains so as to ensure that the drains remain functional and their discharge capacity does not reduce.

The DBO contractor will operate and maintain the system for a period of 5 years after

completion of construction and commissioning the new system. Thereafter, the Nagar Nigam, Dehradun will maintain the storm water drainage system on a regular basis. The system of maintenance can be classified into following three categories:

(i) Continuous regular maintenance (ii) Periodical maintenance (iii) Special maintenance/Repairs for improvement.

Periodical inspection and maintenance of drains is very necessary as failure of drains

may occur more due to deficiency in maintenance rather than defect in design. The principal activities may be :

(i) De-silting (ii) Cleaning of obstruction, debris and blockage (iii) Repairing of lining immediately at the commencement of damage or

deterioration

During the rain also, a watch should be kept at the exit and entry point for water for the presence of undesirable collection of rubbish, polythene/paper bags blocking the passage of water and in every way ensuring free unobstructed flow of rain water. The condition of road camber also needs to be watched. During rains, especially after heavy showers, all cross drainage structure should be inspected to observe any blockage due to debris, log of wood and other such materials. A watch on the deficiencies in the drainage system should be kept and problem locations identified and a record kept. Necessary corrective measures should be adopted immediately after rains. A watch on missing manhole covers and broken covers is also required to be kept and replacement/repairs carried out on priority to avoid accidents.

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Pollution of receiving bodies of water and nuisance due to siltation and accumulation of wastes in the drains. Discharge of wastewater and solid waste from households and roadsides may clog the drains in the medium or longer term. This may result to accumulation of putrescible organic materials causing odor nuisance to the community and pollution to the receiving bodies of water in the area. This may also attract vectors of communicable diseases such as pests and rodents in the drainage system that could affect public health. Following precautionary measures shall be implemented by the O&M contractor during 5 years of O&M period and then by the Dehradun Nagar Nigam afterwards :

(i) strict instruction or directive to households and commercial establishments not to

discharge septic wastes and grey water into the drainage system;

(ii) strict promotion and enforcement of good waste management practices at household level; and

(iii) regular monitoring and cleaning of the silt traps, drains, and siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures) at the outfalls, to prevent entry or accumulation of silt and solid wastes inside these drains and siltation chambers.

Community hazards due to destroyed or removed drainage cover. The design of the drainage system suggests that no drainage will be constructed without cover. Once constructed, there is a possibility that the covers may be damaged or removed in the medium or long term. The situation exposes the drainage as hazard to people, animals and vehicles in the area, especially at night. Dehradun Nagar Nigam to conduct regular inspection of the drainage alignments and ensure that all drainage covers are intact. In case of damage or loss of drainage cover, the Nagar Nigam shall provide replacement of this cover to avoid occurrence of accidents

Biological hazards are among the environmental risks that may adversely impact the health and wellness of the workers and the community. Breakouts of diseases such as diarrhea, flu or pandemics such as the COVID19 shall be avoided. Designs and implementation of treatment systems shall ensure that disease-causing pathogens or viruses are disinfected and will not cause any health issues. The World Health Organization has released an interim guidance on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waste Management for the COVID19 virus (Appendix 16). Measures on managing wastewater and fecal waste and keeping water supplies safe are critical to avoid the start or spread of any disease.

COVID-19 transmission through fecal matter and workplace safety measures for waste water works during operation phase. Coronavirus infections are a serious threat to health systems globally. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) says: “The virus has been detected in the faces of some patients diagnosed with COVID-19. At this time, the risk of transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19 through sewerage systems is thought to be low. Although transmission of COVID-19 through sewage may be possible, there is no evidence to date that this has occurred. Water supply and wastewater management are essential services and need to be geared up in order to prevent any interruptions due to any pandemic events like COVID-19.The detailed measures required to be adopted to ensure seamless operations during such events are given in Appendix 25.

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F. Cumulative Impacts

Cumulative impacts are those that result from the successive, incremental, and/or combined effects of a project or activity when added to other existing, planned, and/or reasonably anticipated future ones. The subproject aims to improve sewerage systems in Package 1 area of Banjarwala of Dehradun by creating required new infrastructures.

The service area under this package is part of ward 85 (Mothorowala) and there is existing water supply in the area which is fully groundwater (tube well) based. The pipeline network is more than 25 years old, of material CI, GI and PVC. The present average supply level is around 110 lpcd for 4 to 6 hours per day. The improved water supply system is also proposed to utilize groundwater source.

Raipur block of Dehradhun district falls under “SAFE Category” as per the categorization

adopted by the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). ‘Safe’ area in terms of categorisation leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. However, this large scope may give rise to over exploitation of the resources, in case its development is not planned properly in a scientific way. Strict monitoring of groundwater abstraction and various measures already suggested to enhance groundwater recharge, will minimize any cumulative impacts.

Both water supply and sewerage works are proposed to be taken up simultaneously in

the service area of Package 1 of Banjarwala which is a small developing area/town congested with people, traffic and activities. There are sensitive places like hospitals, schools, and religious places. Works will be spread over entire project area, covering all the roads and streets. Although no other notable public works are anticipated during the project implementation on public roads, there will be usual construction activities, such as building constructions as Zone 7 area is a rapidly developing area. Given dry and windy weather conditions, dust generation from cumulative construction activities may be significant, and this may increase the particulate matter concentration in ambient air. Dust control measures suggested in the EMP aim to minimize the dust generation from the subproject construction activities. Suggested trenchless method, by avoiding excavation, will also help in reducing the overall dust generation from the subproject activities. If there are any road improvement works proposed to be implemented in project area, scheduling of works needs to be coordinated with the respective road agency (Nagar Nigam or Public Works Department) so that improved roads are not subjected for excavation. There is also a need to streamline sewer line works to avoid repeated excavations in the same road/street. The increase in road traffic, disturbance to traffic, public safety and workers safety issues, damage to existing utilities, influx of outstation workers, etc., due to various simultaneous construction works will be notable. However, the measures suggested in the EMP will minimize these impacts greatly, and therefore effective implementation of EMP must be ensured. Thus, the net impacts are unlikely to be significant.

There are no large scale ongoing or proposed developments in the project area, except for the proposed subproject under UUSDA, which includes the sewerage works in sub-zone 1. Hence, cumulative impacts will arise mainly from the construction of this proposed sewerage subproject and other minor works (if any) under UUDSA. The daily activities of construction workers residing temporarily at the subproject area may also contribute to the cumulative impacts.

However, such cumulative impacts will be “moderate” in magnitude during the peak of construction phase. Gradually as the construction approaches completion, the magnitude of cumulative impacts will lessen to “low” magnitude. The sensitivity of the resources, natural and

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artificial, within the main areas of influence has been taken into account, together with the types of works involved and their intensities.

Sewer network components of the projects that may generate cumulative impacts. The

valued components identified in this IEE are air quality, water (surface and groundwater) quality, noise, traffic management, socio-economic, ecological resources, and human health.

Air quality will be affected during construction. Emissions of common air contaminants and fugitive dust may increase near the construction sites but will be short term and localized. Greenhouse gas emissions may increase due to vehicle and equipment operation, disposal of excavated material, concrete production, etc. But their contribution during construction will not be very significant with the implementation of mitigation measures discussed in this IEE report.

. Noise levels near the construction sites will increase but the duration will be short.

Ground vibrations due to concrete mixers, rollers, and excavators may be annoying, and damages may occur especially to older buildings. But mitigation measures, if implemented as proposed in this IEE report, will minimize these problems.

Traffic management during construction will be very important. A traffic management

plan will be developed in consultation with relevant local traffic management agencies to ensure that the plan will be effective. After the project construction phase is over, the traffic condition will return to normal, and the operation of the project itself will have a long-term cumulative benefit to the people.

Although there will be temporary increase in the noise levels, fugitive dust, and common air emissions near the construction areas, no adverse residual effects to human health will occur because the impacts are short-term, localized, and will not be significant with the implementation of mitigation measures discussed in this IEE report.

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

The active participation of stakeholders including local community, NGOs/CBOs, and the media in all stages of project preparation and implementations essential for successful implementation as well as operation of the project. It will ensure that the subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated with utmost consideration to local needs, ensures community acceptance, and will bring maximum benefits to the people. Public consultation and information disclosure are a must as per the ADB SPS 2009.

Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified and consulted during preparation of this IEE, and any others that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders of the subproject are residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work alongside the roads in which network improvements will be provided, and government and utility agencies responsible for provision of services, Dehradun Nagar Nigam, Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Public Health Engineering Department, and Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board. Secondary stakeholders are NGOs and CBOs working in the area, community representatives, beneficiary community in general, government agencies, the executing and implementing agencies (UDD and UUSDA), Government of India and the ADB.

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B. Public Consultation

The meaningful consultations32 and disclosure program are a continuous process throughout the project implementation, including project planning, design and construction. During IEE preparation stage, public consultations were conducted near proposed STP and other locations of proposed sewerage networks to access the awareness of general public, present sanitation situations, environmental and health conditions in town, their opinion about the proposed project and suggestions. Local residents, businesspersons (vendors, hawkers, shopkeepers etc.), Government officials, women and local residents were consulted during public consultations (February 2019, January 2021, March 2021 and April 2021).The proposed water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage facilities proposed under subproject Package 1 will cover part of ward no 85 (Mothrowala) located in the southern periphery of Dehradun.. Key stakeholders were local residents and NGO’s from sub project areas of Dehradun and are direct beneficiaries. Details of public consultations are given in Appendix 19.

1. Consultation during Project Preparation

Institutional consultations were conducted with the Dehradun Nagar Nigam during preparation of DPR. Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders were conducted to learn their views and concerns. Consultations were held at Shivpuri Colony- Madhur Vihar, Gorkha Village - Kunj Vihar, Kamal Vihar- Banjarawala Road and at the office of Nagar Nigam, urban local body (ULB) and along the pipeline stretch by the DPR consultants. The details such as salient features of technical provisions in projects, proposed project implementation schedule, benefits as well as possible inconveniences and envisaged adverse impacts; environmental and social, gender inclusion, community awareness and participation, have been shared. The viewpoints of the stakeholders have been incorporated into the draft IEE report for the project.

Table 33: List of Public Consultations Held in Package 1 Subproject Area

Date Venue Details of stakeholder’s consultations

Total Participants

Male Female Type of Stakeholder

26.02.19 Nagar Nigam

Dehradun 19 18 01 Nagar Nigam

Officials

16. 01.21 Nai Basti

Sapera Basti

23 11 12

Nearby residents,

general public 17.03 .21 Indrapuri Farm

Daudwala

23 13 10 Nearby residents,

general public

32ADB SPS requires meaningful consultation to be a process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stageand

iscarriedoutonas anongoingprocess throughout theprojectcycle;(ii)providestimelydisclosureofrelevantandadequate informationthatisunderstandableandreadilyaccessibletoaffectedpeople;(iii)isundertakeninanatmospherefree of any socio-economic and cultural etc. pressure ; (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and is responsive to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and otherstakeholdersinto decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues

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Nearby residents,

general public

Total 65 42 23

Public consultation had been conducted to assess the impact of proposed civil work on

the livelihood of the people, local environmental set up and also to prepare Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). The site verification reveals that, all the components of the subprojects are either located on vacant government land or along the existing right-of-way (RoW) of the city. The subproject details have been explained in detail to the people who are involved in public consultation and also asked their suggestions and willingness to complete the proposed civil work. It is observed that people shown their willingness in favour of this proposed water supply and sewerage project. They are agreed to take up house service connections. Details of public consultations are attached in Appendix 19.

Site visit and consultation with nearby residents of the proposed STP site near Daudwala (Indrapuri Farm) was conducted in presence of along with Mr. Vinay Mishra, APD,UUSDA, Mr. Rajesh Bahuguna IECO, Mr. Amit Saini, AE-UUSDA and Mr. Suresh Chandra Khanduri, Environmental and Social Exert, DSC, Dr. Yudhveer Singh, Sewer Expert DSC Consultant on 17.03.2021. They briefed the nearby residents about the proposed sewerage and water supply project and discussed the environmental and social safeguards issues related to proposed STP Points / issues raises / feedback received during FGD are listed below:

(i) Awareness and extent of the project and development components (ii) Benefits of Project for the economic and social Upliftment of Community (iii) Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour

involvement (iv) Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work (v) Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites (vi) Water logging and drainage problem if any (vii) Climatic Conditions (viii) Drinking water problem (ix) Sewerage system (x) Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site (xi) Movement of wild animal etc. (xii) Pollution level during construction period specially dust and noise pollution (xiii) Health and Hygiene (xiv) Safety of residents during construction phase (xv) (Solid waste disposal system (xvi) Reuse of treated effluent (xvii) Disposal of treated effluent in natural water body (xviii) Requirement of enhancement of other facilities.

The feedback received from the local people during discussions on above topics are

summarised below:

(i) People were aware of the proposed Project of water supply and sewerage in the town.

(ii) They were concerned about the poor sewerage and irregular water supply conditions.

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(iii) There is not any forest, wildlife or any sensitive /unique environmental, component nearby the project area...

(iv) There are no historical/cultural and religious sites in nearby the subproject area.

(v) Solid waste collection facility is poor in this area. (vi) It was demanded that contractor should use modern machinery and water

sprinkler to control dust and noise during construction phase. All the pollution control measures will be adopted at site to control the fugitive emission in the area and for control of noise.

(vii) Local people demanded that the contractor should take care of the safety arrangement during construction phase and should provide traffic diversion routes to avoid the vehicle congestion.

(viii) Adequate Greenbelt should be developed to mitigate the problem of foul smell; if any

(ix) Proper fencing arrangement/boundary should be taken during construction of STP.

(x) During construction please ensure proper stacking of material should be earmarked place that not to obstruct passage by the contractor.

(xi) All the safety to be provided during construction and operation of STP such as proper fencing, barricades, safe access to houses, reduction of dust and noise etc.

(xii) Approach road from main road to STP will be extended opto nearby houses.

(xiii) Employment opportunities for nearby habitants shall be explored by contractor to provide employment during construction and operation work of STP.

(xiv) Treated water and sludge to be provided to locals free of cost for use in agricultural activities.

People were agreed and given their verbal consent for construction of Sewage treatment

plant at designated place. It was observed that people are willing to extend their cooperation as the proposed activities are proposed to enhance the infrastructure service levels and the living standard of the public. The public expressed their concern regarding the nuisance and disturbance (dust, road closure and traffic management activities) during the construction stage which can have impact on their day to day activities. Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. Public opined that an appropriate operation and maintenance system should be in place, especially for sewerage system, for its best functioning and to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits .Details of public consultations in different zones are attached in Appendix 19.

2. Consultation during construction

Prior to start of construction, Nagar Nigam, Dehradun and PIU with the assistance of DSC will conduct information dissemination sessions at major intersections and solicit the help of the local community leaders/prominent citizens to encourage the participation of the people to discuss various environmental issues. At each ward/neighborhood level, focus group meetings will be conducted to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in project monitoring and evaluation.

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A constant communication will be established with the affected communities to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction and operational phases and also regarding the grievance redress mechanism. Nagar Nigam, Dehradun and PIU with the help of consultants will organize public meetings and will appraise the communities about the progress on the implementation of EMP. Meeting will also be organized at the potential hotspots/sensitive locations before and during the construction.

C. Information Disclosure

Executive summary of the IEE will be translated in the local language and made available at the offices of UUSDA-UDD, Nagar Nigam, PMU and PIU. Copies of summary will be provided to participants of city level workshop to be organized in Dehradun city. Hard copies of the IEE will be accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. Electronic version of the IEE in English and executive summary in Hindi will be placed in the official website of the ULB/UUDP/UUDSP/PMU after approval of the IEE by Government and ADB. Stakeholders will also be made aware of grievance register and redress mechanism.

Public information campaigns via newspaper/radio/TV, to explain the project details to a wider population will be conducted. Public disclosure meetings will be conducted at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans. Prior to start of construction, the PIU will issue Notification on the start date of implementation in local newspapers A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction site for the information of general public.

Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction. The road closure together with the proposed detours will be communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signage, etc.

Project related information shall be disclosed through public consultation and making relevant documents available in public locations. PMU and PIUs shall provide relevant safeguards information in a timely manner, in an accessible place and in a form and languages understandable to affected person and other stakeholders. For illiterate people, other suitable communication methods will be used.

The following documents shall be made available at the offices of project agencies - PMU, PIU and Block level offices for public reference, and shall also be uploaded on respective websites.

(i) Summary of project and draft IEE (in Hindi and English) (ii) Draft IEE Report (in English) (iii) Final IEE Report (in English) (iv) Updated/amended IEE (in English) (v) Corrective action plan prepared during project implementation (English) (vi) Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Reports (English)

A concise summary of project and draft IEE report (in Hindi), providing all necessary

details of proposals, implementation arrangements, subproject locations, likely issues and mitigation and monitoring measures and grievance redress mechanism, shall be made available to the stakeholders at consultation meetings. This should also provide contact information of

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project agency. This summary shall also be displayed at the notice boards of PMU, PIU and other public places. During project implementation, relevant information about any major changes to project scope will be shared with beneficiaries, affected persons, vulnerable groups, and other stakeholders. The above documents will be submitted to ADB for disclosure on ADB website.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Project Specific Grievance Redress Mechanism

A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of Affected Persons (AP’s) concerns, complaints and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to record and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project.

A project-specific, four-tier grievance redress mechanism (GRM) covers both social and environment issues. The GRM will be established to register, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of affected persons’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the performance of social and environmental issues in the project Implementation. It will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns. Assessment of the GRM designed and implemented for Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (UUSDIP)33 shows that the system was effective in timely resolution of grievances in a transparent manner.34 The multichannel, project-specific, three-tier GRM is functional at UUSDIP, hence the design of GRM for UUSDIP2 takes into account the proposed institutional structure for UUDP35 and the positive features and learning’s from the previous GRM.

33The procedures followed for grievance redresss during implementation of UUSDIP Loan 1 & 2 included the project

level GRM, including providing toll free number for grievance registering, Samadhan (www.samadhan.uk.gov.in), portal of Government of Uttarakhand and the Chief Minister’s helpline. Complaints received through various channels were mostly minor and pertained to damage to existing water supply pipelines and disruption of water supply during construction, delays in road restoration, pending new connections and increase in Noise and dust levels Complaints related to damage to private property (compound walls/steps, etc.) were less in number. The grievances were resolved in coordination with the contractors. Complaints received were immediately referred by the CAPA/DSC supervision staff to the IPIU Nodal officer (safeguards) and concerned engineer at PIU, who advised them on further action. Follow up with the contractor on complaint resolution was undertaken by PIU Nodal officer CAPA; and DSC and final feedback sought from complainant upon resolution. Complaints requiring inter-departmental coordination were referred to the IPMU for resolution, and feedback provided to complainant. ThePMU kept regular track of grievances through WhatsApp and email also, ensuring registration and follow-up till its successful resolution.

6Town-level grievance registration data at PIU level indicates that a large number of grievances were registered, pointing to the effectiveness of the multi-channel GRM. No major grievance was received for both the phases of UUSDIP. The GRM helped smoothen the process of project implementation, hence the proposed architecture for the UUDP GRM remains similar, with some refinement, taking into account the changes in institutional setup proposed for project implementation.

35Logistics support at field level will be key to successful management of grievance redress under UUDP. The target date for establishment of the first level (PIU level) and second level (Zonal level) of GRM is before loan negotiation.

http://www.samadhan.uk.gov.in/

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Common GRM. A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental, or any other grievances related to the project. The GRM will provide an accessible and trusted platform for receiving and facilitating resolution of affected persons grievances related to the project.

The grievance redress mechanism will provide an accessible, inclusive, gender-sensitive

and culturally appropriate platform for receiving and facilitating resolution of affected persons' grievances related to the project. The construction works under the contract package will be carried-out along inhabited areas, therefore, it is anticipated that it may lead to some disturbance and inconvenience to local people. In order to provide a direct channel to the affected persons and stakeholders for approaching project authorities and have their grievance registered and redressed in an appropriate time frame, PMU will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism, which will be functional throughout the project period.

A Complaint receiving system will be put in place at each site with the help of Community Awareness & Public Participation Agency (CAPPA). A Complaint Register and Complaint Forms will be made available at the site office of each contractor, with a display board indicating availability of such facility.

Public awareness campaigns within entire ULB/Municipal area will ensure that awareness on grievance redress procedures is generated. The nodal officer- social/environment at field level through Community Awareness & Public Participation Agency (CAPPA) will conduct ULB/Municipal area-based awareness campaigns to ensure that poor and vulnerable households are made aware of grievance redress procedures and entitlements. Contractors will provide pamphlets to communities prior to start of works and billboards during construction. The pamphlets and billboards will include relevant environmental and social safeguards, GRM information, and contact details of key personnel from PIU and contractors.

Affected persons will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/suggestion forms in complaint/suggestion boxes that will be installed by project PIUs or by e-mail, by post, or by writing in a complaints register in ULB offices/complaints register at contractor’s work site. Appendix 20 has the sample grievance registration form. Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken and feedback provided to the complainant on action/decision taken. The Safeguard and Safety Officer of town/city level PIU will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redressal on environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, with the assistance of project consultants. In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the contractor, and officials of PIU with assistance from Community Awareness and Public Participation Agency (CAPPA) on-site will provide the most easily accessible or first level of contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact numbers and names of the concerned PIU safeguard and safety officer, contractors, CAPPA and PIU personal will be posted at all construction sites at visible locations.

B. Grievance Redress Process

Grievances of affected persons will first be brought to the attention of the Community Awareness and Public Participation Agency (CAPPA), and PIU. Grievances not redressed will be brought to the Town Level Committees (TLC) set up to monitor project implementation in each town. The TLC, acting as a grievance redress committee (GRC) is chaired by the Mayors

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or Chairpersons with representatives of ward members, the District Magistrate, Commissioner, Uttarakhand Peya Jal Nigam (UPJN), Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS), Public Works Department (PWD), business, and civil society. As a GRC, the TLC will meet every month (if grievances are brought to the Committee), determine the merit of each grievance, and resolve grievances within a month of receiving the complaint. This will accept complaints regarding the social safeguard issues in implementation of the project. The grievances received and actions taken will be included into the environmental monitoring reports submitted to ADB. The following 4-stage process will be followed in grievance redress. GRM structure for UIRUDP is presented in the Figure 37 below.

(i) 1st level grievance: Complaints received (written or oral communication) will be registered in Complaint Register assigning complaint number with date of receipt The PMDSC/PIU will review the complaint and direct the Contractor for necessary action; depending on the type/nature of complaint the Contractor will be given reasonable time for corrective action; the CAPPA will inform the complainant, within 24 hours, the time frame in which the corrective action will be taken by e-mail or telephonically; if the grievance referred will not fall under the purview of the project/program, the same will be intimated to the complainant; Contractor will take corrective action or as directed by PMDSC; the CAPPA in coordination with PMDSC will conduct the site visit to check the action taken and its appropriateness. The action taken will be documented in the Complaint Register, and the complaint will be closed if it is satisfactorily addressed (within 7 days of receipt of compliance/grievance) and the complainant will be informed through e-mail/telephonically.

(ii) 2nd level grievance: In case of no satisfactory action in Level-1, the

complainant can approach PMU/PMDSC for necessary action; CAPPA will assist the complainant in doing so. PMU with the assistance of PMDSC will initiate action and take the corrective measures as required, and CAPPA will intimate the complainant about the action taken; and Upon satisfaction of complainant, the case will be closed and marked as resolved within 15 days of receipt of compliance/grievance

(iii) 3rd level grievance: if complainant would be non-satisfied with the action

made or due to noncompliance of grievance at Level 2, the complainant can approach the Grievance Redress Committee (maximum 7 days)

Grievance Redress Committee. The Town Level Committee (TLC) will act as a grievance redress committee (GRC)36 for both social safeguard & environment issues. The TLC would be chaired by Mayor of Dehradun Municipal Corporation and will have the member from civil society, elected representatives and government officials. Grievances related to Social and environmental safeguards will be handling by TLC37 in its regular meetings. The PMU Social

36It is suggested for each PIU to have a dedicated WhatsApp group for registration of grievances and receipt of quick

feedback, to be followed by more formal communication. And Project contractors in all project towns will have a toll-free number with specific working hours for registration of grievances related to UUDP.

37The TLC has been formed at each of the targeted town/city level for planning and monitoring of work, resolve issues

related to departmental coordination etc. It is headed by Commissioner /Executive Officer ULB(Chairman) and Executive Engineer of UJS/UJN, public works department (PWD) and head of PIU acting as Member Secretary.

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Development and Gender Officer (SCGO) and Environment Specialist and CAPPA will assist the TLC in facilitating in smooth functioning of GRM.

The PMU will submit RP/EMP/SEMP implementation report to ADB’s review, and will

ensure that affected persons will receive compensation and other assistances as per EM prior to commencement of civil works. The issues relating to environment will be redressed as per the guidance provided in EMP/SEMP.

The project GRM notwithstanding, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM. In case of grievance related to land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation, the affected persons will have to approach a legal body/court specially proposed under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (RFCTLARRA38), 2013.

ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. The People who may /are in future being,

adversely affected by the project may submit complaints to ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. The Accountability Mechanism provides an independent forum and process whereby people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice, and seek a resolution of their problems, as well as report alleged violations of ADB’s operational policies and procedures. Before submitting a complaint to the Accountability Mechanism, affected people should make an effort in good faith to solve their problems by working with the concerned ADB operations department. Only after doing that, and if they are still dissatisfied, should they approach ADB accountability mechanism39.

Record-keeping. The town/city level PIU will both keep records of grievances received, including contact details of complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were affected and final outcome. The number of grievances recorded and resolved, and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PMU office, PIU offices, and on the web, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis.

Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. The PMU project officers (Social and community development officer and Environmental Specialist will periodically review the GRM functioning at PIU/DSC/Construction Contractor level and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the project’s ability to transparently prevent and address the reported grievances.

Costs. As part of the EMP cost the construction contractors will be allocating budget for pamphlets and billboards as per requirement. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the concerned PIU at town level while costs related to escalated grievances will be met by the PMU. Cost estimates for grievance redress are included in resettlement cost estimates.

38 Ministry of Law and Justice. The Act has received the assent of the President on the 26 September 2013 39 Accountability Mechanism. http://www.adb.org/Accountability-Mechanism/default.asp.

http://www.adb.org/Accountability-Mechanism/default.asp

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Figure 42: Grievance Redress Process for UUDP

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management Plan

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable level and monitoring the same. This is presented in the following tables (Tables 35 to 40), which shows the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible agencies for implementation and monitoring.

The purpose of the environmental management plan (EMP) is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible, non-detrimental manner with the objectives of: (i)

AEO = Assistant Environmental Officer; APD = Additional Program Director; CAPPA = Community Awareness and Public Participation Agency; CS = Civil Society DBO = Design Build and Operate Contractor; DPD = Deputy Program Director; EO = Environmental Officer; IECO = Information Education and Communication Officer; PD = Program Director; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; PMDSC = Project Management, Design & Construction Supervision Consultant; PMU = Project Management Unit; SDGO = Social Development and Gender Officer, SGO = Social and Gender Officer; TLC = Town Level Committee

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providing a proactive, feasible, and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on-site; (ii) guiding and controlling the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the project; (iii) detailing specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the project; and (iv) ensuring that safety recommendations are complied with.

A copy of the EMP must be kept at work sites at all times. This EMP will be included in the bid documents and will be further reviewed and updated during implementation. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.

For civil works, the contractor will be required to (i) establish an operational system for managing environmental impacts (ii) carry out all of the monitoring and mitigation measures set forth in the EMP; and (iii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in safeguards monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and EMP. The contractor shall allocate budget for compliance with these EMP measures, requirements and actions.

The contractor will be required to submit to PIU, for review and approval, a site-specific environmental management plan (SEMP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEMP; and (iv) budget for SEMP implementation. No works can commence prior to approval of SEMP.

The following tables show the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible agencies for implementation and monitoring.

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Table 34: Design Stage Environmental Management Plan

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Implementation/ Monitoring

Cost and Source of Funds

Location impacts of proposed components

Nearby community may be affected due to increased pollution during construction and operation

Adequate pollution control measures to be adopted during construction so that nearby community may have no or minimum impact due to proposed works

DBO Contractor / PIU

Project cost

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site, is passing through the STP land parcels..

(i) It is suggested to keep the natural drainage channel undisturbed and allow it to flow in its own natural course

(ii) .STP has been planned to limit all the components to

one side of the drain/stream. This will be finalised during the detailed design phase and requirement of cross-drainage works will be developed. (iii) The STP components should not obstruct the flow of the drain,


Odour nuisance and aesthetics

(i) Provide a green buffer zone of 10m wide all around the STP with trees in multi-rows. This will act as a visual screen around the facility and will improve the aesthetic appearance. Treated wastewater shall be used for plantation. (ii) Develop layout plan of STP such that odour generating units (such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge handling facilities) are located away from the surrounding area with future development potential. (i) Odor sensitive design and standby power arrangements are suggested to safeguard the health and safety of the nearby community.

(ii) Odour modeling will be conducted during the detailed design, and any measures that may be required will be undertaken as part of the implementation.


Project cost

All work sites Physical cultural resources and chance finds

(i) Ensure that worksites are not located in archeologically sensitive areas; liaise and reconfirm with local Archaeological Department during detailed design phase; (ii) Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further


Project costs

183




investigation if any finds are suspected; (iv) Inform local Archeological Department / Museum office if a find is suspected and take any action, they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ.

Tree cutting Tree cutting may result loss of aesthetics and increase in air pollution

(i) Minimize removal of trees by adopting to site condition and with appropriate layout design of STP or any other site with trees (ii) Obtain prior permission for tree cutting at STP site or at any other site that may require tree cutting finalized during detailed design (iii) Plant and maintain 3 trees for each tree that is removed


Project cost

Site preparation

Removal of solid waste and other nuisance materials

(i) Ensure that the project sites are cleared of solid waste or other nuisance materials (ii) Dispose solid waste from existing sites and materials into designated locations (dumping in vacant lot is not allowed). Appendix 14 provides the documentation for the Materials Recovery Facility and the Checklist for Solid Waste Management Transport


Project cost

Design water supply and sewerage system

Non-compliance or non-adherence with the environmental considerations proposed in preliminary designs during detailed design:

Ensure compliance with the following during the detailed design: (i) Locating components and facilities appropriately by avoiding sensitive locations like forests and protected areas (environmentally, socially, and archeologically). (ii) Avoiding usage of asbestos containing materials (iii) Reducing the incidence of water borne diseases by providing 100% population including urban poor with potable water supplies (iv) Treatment and reuse of sludge from treatment process; providing a covered shed of adequate space to air dry the processed sludge for at least 15 days at STPs (v) Designing the entire system to maintain optimal flow and terminal pressure, and optimising the overall energy usage (vi) Reuse of treated wastewater from STP for non-

DBO Contractor /

PMU

Project cost

184




potable uses thereby reducing the load in freshwater resources (vii) Adopting a combined approach of sewerage system and faecal sludge and septage management to cover 100% population of the project area with safe collection, conveyance and treatment of sewage generated in the town (viii) Provision of appropriate personal protection equipment to the workers and staff

Design of STP and sewerage system

Potential risks from natural hazards including severe climate change impacts such as flooding

ADB’s Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Water Sector: Water Supply and Sanitation40 will be followed

DBO Contractor/PMU

Project cost

Seismic sensitivity

Damage to infrastructure and potential risks: project area in Severe earthquake risk zone (Zone V)

(i) Designs of project component structures shall comply with relevant codes of design such as Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) specifications for earthquake resistant design (IS: 1893: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures).

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

Groundwater source

Groundwater contamination

(i) Prepare a source protection plan for tube wells (ii) Prevent flow of untreated wastewater in the drains (iii) Ensure proper construction of tube wells including casing pipes to prevent water contamination from well spaces, and due to flooding (iv) Measures should be taken to control the open defecation, and to close all unsafe latrines (for example pit latrines). (v) Awareness programs shall be conducted regarding the sanitation practices and its effect on groundwater quality

DBO Contractor

and ULB/PIU

Project costs and ULB cost

40 Guidelines for Climate Proofing Investment in the Water Sector: Water Supply and Sanitation (adb.org)

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/219646/guidelines-climate-proofing-water.pdf

185





Hazardous / harmful chemicals

(i) Reduce the use of chemicals in the treatment process to the extent possible; provide non-chemical alternatives or easily recoverable and/or reusable chemicals or biocompatible alternatives. (ii) Establish proper handling / storage / application system according to the relevant standards, safety precautions and prevent accidental release / spill (iii) Provide leak/spill detection, collection / capture and safe disposal facilities such as chlorine absorption and neutralization facility (iv) Provide ventilation, lighting, entry and exit facilities; visible and audible alarm facilities to alert chemical/chlorine leak (v) Facility for isolation in the event of major leakages (vi) Eye wash and shower facility (vii) Personal protection and safety equipment for the operators (masks, oxygen cylinders, gloves, etc.,) (viii) Provide training to the staff in safe handling and application of chemicals, material safety, and standard operating procedures and emergency responses (ix) Develop emergency response procedures

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost


Inefficient sewage treatment, treated effluent characteristics not satisfying the CPCB/UEPPCB standards

(i) Ensure that the selected process in appropriate for the town and meets discharge standards and facilitate reuse (ii) Treated effluent should meet the criteria set by CPCB or the following bid specified parameters, whichever are stringent:

Sl. No.

Parameters Parameters Limit

1 pH 5.5-9.0

2 BOD (mg/l) Not more than 10 mg/l

3 COD (mg/l) Not more than 50 mg/l

4 TSS (mg/l) Not more than 20 mg/l

5 P-Total (mg/l)- for discharge into Ponds/lakes



Project cost

186




6 N-Total (mg/l) Not more than 10 mg/l

7 Fecal Coliform (MPN/100ml)

Desirable- Less than 100 MPN/100ml Permissible- 230 MPN/100ml

Change in raw sewage quality

Mixing of industrial effluent with sewage

(i) No industrial wastewater shall be allowed to dispose into municipal sewers (ii) As there is a risk of potential mixing of industrial waste, no domestic wastewater from industrial units shall be allowed into municipal sewers (iii) Ensure that there is no illegal discharge through manholes or inspection chambers (iv) Conduct public awareness programs; in coordination with UEPPCB and Nagar Nigam. , (v) Conduct regular wastewater quality monitoring (at inlet and at outlet of STP) to ensure that the treated wastewater quality complies with the effluent standards

DBO Contractor and PIU / PMU

Project Cost


Use of treated wastewater for reuse applications

The Reuse Plan shall inter alia include the following: (i) Identify potential reuse application within Dehradun municipality limits and its surroundings, and establish quality criteria for each of the use (ii) For applications that use treated wastewater directly (e.g., agriculture), the quality required for such application in safe manner considering health, environment and crop yield concerns shall be ensured. (v) Carryout regular / online monitoring of critical quality parameters of treated wastewater to ensure that they meet the preset standards established for reuse


Project cost

STP Treated effluent discharge into water channel/drains/rivers and associated impacts on river water and downstream users

(i) Obtain of consent of UEPPCB for discharge of treated wastewater into drains (ii) Conduct a baseline water quality assessment of receiving water body (iii) Regularly monitor the treated wastewater quality at STP and ensure that it meets the discharge standards (iv) Monitor water quality periodically during operation phase as per the Environmental Monitoring Plan

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project Cost

187




STP Sludge management and reuse

(i) Prepare a sludge management plan (ii) Prepare a dried Sludge utilization plan within Dehradun municipality limits and its surroundings, with the help of Agriculture Department / Nagar Nigam; plan should also include if any additional processing is required for sludge to use as soil conditioner (iii) Plan should clearly various potential uses and demand Dehradun municipality limits and surroundings (iv) Establish usage limits, where required, (geographical / crops / type of application / type of soils etc.,); adopt international good practice suggested by agencies like World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. (v) Identify a landfill / suitable site for disposal of surplus dried sludge (vi) Monitor sludge quality during operation phase as per the Environmental Monitoring Plan, ensure that it meets the quality parameters established by FCO (vii) In case of sludge not meeting the quality parameters, it shall not be used as soil condition, and shall be disposed at appropriate disposal site (if it falls under hazardous category, it shall be disposed as per the Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016)

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

STP/ Terminal Sewage pumping stations (TSPS)

Handling and disposal of accumulated waste at identified STP/TSPS site

(i) Prepare a waste handling and management plan for the work, considering handling, disposal and occupational and public health safety (ii) Assess the working conditions, develop appropriate working method, and work shall be only conducted under continuous supervision of EHS supervisor (iii) Waste shall not be handled manually; use appropriate equipment (iv) All workers shall be provided with necessary personal protection equipment, including gloves, boots, face / gas masks and oxygen cylinders in handy for emergency use etc.; if gas emission is suspected at any

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

188




point of time, workers shall use gas masks with oxygen cylinders (v) Inform surrounding public about the work (vi) Fire control and safety equipment shall be provided at the work site (vii) Waste shall be properly covered during transport (viii) Manage the solid waste as per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

STP/Terminal Sewage pumping stations (TSPS)

Noise and odour generation from sewage pumping operations, and public and occupational safety

(i) Provide low noise, efficient pumping systems (ii) Provide dedicated power supply to TSPS, if possible, otherwise DG set to be used during power failure, should be soundproof and having acoustic enclosures with low/permitted air emission standards (iii) Design TSPS with appropriate retention time, so as not to retain the sewage in the sump for long time to avoid generation of odorous gases,(; (v) Boundary wall of sufficient height should be provided during operation phase so that no children/residents can entre in the TSPS premises (vi) Plantations should be provided if space available to reduce foul smell of sewer during operation (vii) No workers camps should be allowed during construction works at SPS site (viii) Entry should be restricted through provision of gate and guard during TSPS operation. (ix) Highest Flood Level (HFL) should be used as a basis while deciding on the STP/TSPS dimensions. Also, all the prevention methods including buffer capacity secondary tank and alternative power arrangements should be implemented so that sewage does not either leak during power outages or percolate into ground and pollute water

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

189




Sewer network – collection and conveyance

Poor design leading to overflows, blockages, and creating nuisance, pollution

(i) Limit the sewer depth where possible (ii) Sewers shall be laid away from water supply lines and drains (at least 1 m, wherever possible); (iii) In all cases, the sewer line should be laid deeper than the water pipeline (the difference between top of the sewer and bottom of water pipeline should be at least 300 mm) (iv) In unavoidable, where sewers are to be laid close to storm water drains, appropriate pipe material shall be selected (stoneware pipes shall be avoided) (v) For shallower sewers and especially in narrow roads, use small inspection chambers in lieu of manholes; (vi) Design manhole covers to withstand anticipated loads and ensure that the covers can be readily replaced if broken to minimize silt/garbage entry (vii) Ensure sufficient hydraulic capacity to accommodate peak flows and adequate slope and gas vents in gravity mains to prevent buildup of solids and hydrogen sulfide generation (viii) Take necessary precautionary measures to protect sewer network, and to avoid disposal of solid wastes, debris, wastewater into newly laid sewers from the time it is constructed to the start of operation phase

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

FSSM Occupational health and safety issues, and impact on STP process

(i) Conduct detailed survey of the households to be covered with FSSM to design the system to suit the local conditions, such as type of septic tanks and their location in the houses (ii) Create awareness program on the FSSM from collection to treatment system that will be adopted. FSSM-related behavior campaigns will also be implemented as part of behavior change programs. This will also make the households aware of materials/substances that may kill septic tank bacteria if discharged into drains or flushed down the toilets (refer for guidance - https://www.csrd.bc.ca/sites/default/files/liquid-waste-management/Septic-Smart/Docs/dos-and-donts.pdf) (iii) Design the sewage treatment process duly

DBO Contractor/PIU

Project cost

190




considering mixing of septage (iv) Ensure that the FSSM system is completely mechanized no human touch, even accidentally, from collection at household to discharge into STP, and in periodic cleaning of tankers (iv) Demarcate a proper area for cleaning of mobile tankers in STP premises, and ensure that the wastewater shall be discharged into STP (v) Septic tanks should be constructed away from drinking water and surface water sources (vi) Additionally, designs also ensured that odour from the septic tanks do not affect the health of the residents near the STP. (vi) Provide proper training to the workers, and staff in safe handling of FSSM tasks, provide all necessary personal protection equipment (vii) Ensure proper facilities for workers including showers, wash areas, toilets, drinking water, eating and resting places (viii) Conduct regular health checks (ix) Prepare Health and Safety Plan for FSSM Following measures are also suggested during design phase of septic tanks :

(x) Ensure septic tank is constructed on a level surface

(xi) Design septic tanks as watertight / water sealed structures with appropriate materials such as reinforced cement concrete

(xii) Ensure adequate room for above the liquid level for scum accumulation, and adequate free board

(xiii) Design proper, safe and secured access to septic tank for inspection and cleaning; ensure appropriate size and sealing cover with locking arrnagement, and ensure that it is watertight to account for flooding and/or high-water table conditions

191




(xiv) Ensure that septic tank inlet sewers and outlet sewers are watertight

(xv) Design proper gas ventilation systems such as vent pipes appropriately to collect and disperses gases to avoid accumulation and bad odours

(xvi) Ensure appropriate design and materials for soak pits to ensure that effluent is adequately treated, absorbed into the soil without contaminating groundwater; ensure that top of the soak is pit is covered properly

Storm Runoff Beside storm water, silts and wastewater from other sources may enter the proposed storm drain and may pollute the drain and the receiving bodies of water. Chances of disposal of solid waste by the locals into the drains resulting clogging of drains and polluting the receiving bodies of water

The design to consider the following: - Provision of cover slab in the design to avoid the illegal entry of waste water and solid waste disposal. - The inlet design to ensure that only storm or rainwater flows into the drainage system. - Prevent households from connecting outlets of septic tanks and grey water to the drainage lines. - Provide siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures) at the outfalls of the drainage system to prevent solid wastes or silts from flowing directly to the receiving body of water. - Position the outfall enough to have space for the provision of siltation or sedimentation ponds (or similar structures), including accessibility during maintenance phase

Storm Runoff Beside storm water, silts and wastewater from other sources may enter the proposed storm drain and may pollute the drain and the receiving bodies of water. Chances of disposal of solid waste by the locals into the drains resulting clogging of drains and polluting the receiving bodies of water

192




Preparation of plans and protocols

Various impacts (i) Preparation of Asbestos Cement Management (ACM) Management Plan (ii) Prepare traffic management plan (iii) Prepare occupational health and safety plan (iv) Prepare spoils management plan

DBO Contractor

and DSC (for ACM plan)

Approval of plans by PIU

Table 35 : Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Pre-Construction

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Implementation

Monitoring of Mitigation


Environmental monitoring of baseline conditions of air, noise, water and soil

To establish base line environmental conditions

Environmental monitoring through NABL accredited laboratory

Construction contractor Consultants/PIU Contractor

Utilities Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water lines within proposed project area

(i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be taken in case of unintentional interruption of services (iii) inform the local community in advance if utilities will be disrupted during construction). (iv) Require contractors to

DBO Contractor in collaboration with PIU and with approval of PMU

(i) List of affected utilities and operators; (ii) Bid document to include requirement for a contingency plan for service interruptions (example provision of water if disruption is more than 24 hours), spoil management plan (Appendix 14), and traffic management plan (Appendix 15)

Project Cost

193





prepare spoils management plan (Appendix 14) and traffic management plan (Appendix 15)

Social and Cultural Resources

Ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains

Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized, and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.

DBO Contractor and PIU

Chance Finds Protocol

No cost required. Mitigation measures are part of TOR of PIU and Consultant

Construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.

Disruption to traffic flow and sensitive receptors

(i) Prioritize areas within or nearest possible vacant space in the project location; (ii) If it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, consider sites that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems; (iii) Do not consider residential areas; (iv) Take extreme care in selecting sites to avoid direct disposal to water body which will inconvenience the community. (v) For excess spoil disposal, ensure (a) site shall be selected

Contractor to finalize locations in consultation and approval of PIU

(i) List of selected sites for construction work camps, hot mix plants, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. (ii) Written consent of landowner/s (not lessee/s) for reuse of excess spoils to agricultural land

No cost required. Mitigation measures are part of TOR of PIU and Consultant and also part of contractual terms

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preferably from barren, infertile lands. In case agricultural land needs to be selected, written consent from landowners (not lessees) will be obtained; (b) debris disposal site shall be at least 200 m away from surface water bodies; (c) no residential areas shall be located within 100 m downwind side of the site; and (d) site is minimum 250 m away from sensitive locations like settlements, ponds/lakes or other water bodies.

Sources of Materials Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution.

(i) Prioritize sites already permitted by the Department of Mines and Geology (ii) If other sites are necessary, inform construction contractor that it is their responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of PMU and (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, inform construction contractor to obtain a written approval from PIU.

DBO Contractor to prepare list of approved quarry sites and sources of materials with the approval of PIU

(i) List of approved quarry sites and sources of materials; (ii) Bid document to include requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary.


Consents, permits, Failure to obtain (i) Obtain all necessary DBO Contractor and Incorporated in final No cost required.

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clearances, NOCs, etc.

necessary consents, permits, NOCs, etc. can result to design revisions and/or stoppage of works

consents (including CTE for STP from UEPPCB), permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. prior to award of civil works. Following consents are required- Tree cutting- local authority Storage, handling and transport of hazardous materials- UEPPCB Sand mining, quarries, borrow areas- Department of mines and Geology Traffic diversion/road cutting- local authority, traffic police (ii) Ensure that all necessary approvals for construction to be obtained by contractor are in place before start of construction (iii) Acknowledge in writing and provide report on compliance all obtained consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. (iv) Include in detailed design drawings and documents all conditions and provisions if necessary

PIU and Consultant design and communicated to contractors.

Cost of obtaining all consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. prior to start of civil works responsibility of PIU. Mitigation measures are part of TOR of PIU and Consultant

Storm water Drainage operations .

Impact to the environment, workers, and community due to

Development of O&M manual that is comprehensive and

DBO Contractor and PIU and Consultant

Availability of final version of O&M manual

No cost required. Mitigation

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accidents or accidental discharge of domestic wastewater into the drainage system

includes measures to prevent discharge of domestic wastewater to the stormwater drainage system and accidents due to the drainage canals

measures are part of TOR of PIU and Consultant and also part of contractual terms

Updating of IEE and SEMP

Expecting minor impacts, during construction period only and mitigation measures are addressed.

(i) Update IEE based on detailed designs, and submit to ADB for review, approval, and disclosure prior to commencement of work. (ii) Formulate SEMP during implementation and get approval from the PIU. (iii) Relevant information shall be disclosed.

PIU and Consultant PMU No costs required

EMP Implementation Training

Irreversible impact to the environment, workers, and community.

Project manager and all key workers of contractors will be required to undergo EMP implementation training including spoils management, Standard operating procedures (SOP) for construction works; health and safety (H&S), core labor laws, applicable environmental laws etc.

Contractor, DSC PIU/PMU Cost of EMP Implementation Orientation Training to contractor is responsibility of PMU.

Table 36 : Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Construction

Field Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation



EMP Implementation

Irreversible impact to the

(i) Contractor is required to depute a qualified and experienced EHS

Construction Contractor

(i) Certificate of Completion

Contractor, Project cost

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environment, workers, and community

officer/supervisor for monitoring of EMP implementation measures (ii) Project manager and all key workers will be required to undergo training on EMP implementation including spoils management, Standard operating procedures (SOP) for construction works; occupational health and safety (OH&S), core labor laws, applicable environmental laws, etc.

(Safeguards Compliance Orientation) (ii) Posting of Certification of Completion at worksites (iii) Posting of EMP at worksites

Air Quality Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for installation of pipelines resulting to dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons.

(i) Plan the work sites properly, and demarcate the sites for stockpiling of, soils, gravel, and other construction materials away from the traffic, vehicle, general worker movement to avoid disturbance of loose materials (ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled material on site by water sprinkling; (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; (iv) Clean wheels and undercarriage of haul trucks prior to leaving construction site (v) Don't allow access in the work area except workers to limit soil disturbance and prevent access by barricading and security personnel (vi) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly, and limit idling time of construction vehicles to minimize local air pollution.


(i) Location of stockpiles; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) Heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices; (iv) Certification that vehicles are compliant with Air Act (v) Reports of air quality monitoring

Cost for implementation of mitigation measures responsibility of contractor.

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contractor’s vehicles and equipment should compulsorily have PUC and submit to PIU before deployment at site (vii) Obtain, CTE and CTO for batching plant, hot mix plant, crushers etc. if specifically established for this project. (viii) If contractor procures any material (such as ready mix concrete, asphalt/macadam, aggregates etc.,) from third party agencies, contractor shall ensure that such agencies have all necessary clearances / permissions as required under the law; these include CTE/CTO from UEPPCB, environmental clearance, etc.,; contractor shall collect the copy of these certificates and submit to PIU; PIU will approve the source only after all the certificates are submitted (ix) Conduct air quality monitoring according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Surface water quality

Works in rains/ Mobilization of settled silt materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during installation of pipelines can contaminate

(i) Prepare and implement a spoils management plan (ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (iii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PIU on


(i) Areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials; (ii) Number of silt traps installed along trenches leading to water bodies; (iii) Records of surface water quality inspection;


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nearby surface water quality.

designated disposal areas; (iv) Inspect all the drainage at construction site/construction camp/labor camp etc. and clear all the drainage lines so that no water stagnation/flooding may occur during heavy rainfall (v) As for a possible avoid trench works and excavation works (pipe laying) during monsoon season to avoid any water logging and accident due to it (vi) If open trenches are not avoidable during monsoon, keep ready all the mitigations measures to avoid water logging such as dewatering pumps and sufficient pipes, traffic assistance, barricades etc. (vii) Inspect and verify all the emergency measures and emergency control system before start of monsoon, keep the emergency response committee on high alert during monsoon/heavy rain fall (ix) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; (x) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; (xi) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (xii) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the

(iv)Effectiveness of water management measures; (v) No visible degradation to nearby drainages, nallahs or water bodies due to civil works

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Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Ground Water Quality

Contamination of ground water quality due to spillage of oil and lubricants

• Prepare and implement a spills management plan;

• Provide impermeable liner on the ground and place layer of mortar or concrete over it in the oil and lubricants storage areas, provide spillage trap in oil and lubricant store, use dip tray and pump to pour oil from oil and lubricant drums;

• Dispose any oil contaminated wastes generated by construction activities in scientific manner; and

• Conduct ground water quality monitoring according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Contractor (i) Areas for storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials; (ii) Number of oil traps installed in oil and lubricant storage areas; (iii) Records of ground water quality monitoring;


Noise and Vibration Levels

Increase in noise and vibration levels due to earth-moving and excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people

(i) Plan activities in consultation with PIU/Consultant so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; (ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Use of silencers in noise-producing equipment and sound barriers; (iii) Equivalent day and nighttime noise levels (see Appendix 5 of this IEE)


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surrounding sensitive receptor;

(iv) Identify any buildings at risk

from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity (v) Consult local communities in

advance of the work to identify and address key issues, and avoid working at sensitive times, such as religious and cultural festivals. (vi) Maximum sound levels should not exceed the WHO guideline for noise levels.

(i) (vii) Periodical monitoring of noise quality as per EMP

Landscape and aesthetics

Impacts due to excess excavated earth, excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other similar items.

(i) Prepare and implement spoils management plan (Appendix 14); (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (iii) Coordinate with ULB/PIU for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer required; and (vii) Request PIU to report in writing that the necessary


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Worksite clear of hazardous wastes such as oil/fuel (iii) Worksite clear of any excess excavated earth, excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty containers


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environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

Disruption of service and damage to existing infrastructure at specified project location

(i) Obtain from PIU the list of affected utilities and operators if any; (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of service (iii) Inform the local community in advance if utilities will be disrupted during construction


Existing Utilities Contingency Plan


Ecological Resources – Flora

Loss of vegetation and tree cover

(i) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (ii) If tree-removal will be required, obtain tree-cutting permit from the concerned department; and (iii) Plant three native trees for every one that is removed .


PIU to report in writing the no of trees cut and planted.


Ecological Resources – Faunal

Hunting, fishing or harm to animals within construction zone

• Prohibit workers from poaching and fishing in river and make awareness among workers

• If any animal or fish is entrapped during construction works, provide safe passage for them and do not harm them


PIU/Consultants to monitor such activities which can harm to animals and fishes


Land use Environmental Issues due to land use change

The impact due to change in land use will be negligible due to this project.

Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

Accessibility Traffic problems and conflicts near project locations and haul road

i) Plan sewer line works to minimize traffic disturbance / blockades; as the sewer lines are to be laid in all the roads and streets in the town, work planning is crucial to minimize the inconvenience to public . (ii) Prepare and implement a


(i) Traffic route during construction works including number of permanent signage, barricades and flagmen on worksite; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors;


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Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 15) (ii) Duly consider and select sections for trenchless method of pipe laying based on traffic conditions (iii) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (iv) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (v) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (vi) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (vii) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (viii) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; (ix) Notify affected sensitive receptors 1-week in advance by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. (x) Plan and execute the work in such a way that the period of disturbance/ loss of access is minimum. (xi) Provide pedestrian access in all the locations until normalcy is restored. Provide wooden/metal planks over the open trenches at

(iii) Number of signage placed at project location.

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each house to maintain the access.

Socio-Economic – Income.

Impede the access of residents and customers to nearby shops

(i) Prepare and implement spoils management plan (Appendix 14). Contractor to Implement RP and to follow mitigation measures prescribed (ii) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required for people; (iii) Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals, and schools; (iv) Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules; and (v) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Spoils management plan (iii) Number of walkways, signage, and metal sheets placed at project location.


Socio-Economic - Employment

Generation of temporary employment and increase in local revenue

(i) Employ local labour force, or to the maximum extent possible (ii) Comply with labor laws


(i) Employment records; (ii) Records of sources of materials (iii) Compliance to labor laws (see Appendix 7 of this IEE)


Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational hazards which can arise during work

(i) Comply with all national, state and local core labor laws (see Appendix 7 of this IEE); Following best practice health and safety guidelines: IFC’s General EHS


(i) Site-specific OH and S Plan; (ii) Equipped first-aid stations; (iii) Medical


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Guidelines41 and Sector Specific (Sanitation) Guidelines42 (ii) Develop and implement site-specific occupational health and safety (OH and S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment like helmet, gumboot, safety belt, gloves, nose musk and ear plugs; (c) OH and S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (iii) Conduct work in confine spaces, trenches, and at height with suitable precautions and using standards and safe construction methods; do not adopt adhoc methods; all trenches deeper than 1.5 m shall be provided with safety shoring/braces; and avoid open cutting method for trenches deeper than 6-7 m by adopting trenchless technology (iv) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;

insurance coverage for workers; (iv) Number of accidents; (v) Supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (vii) record of H and S orientation trainings (viii) personal protective equipment; (ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) permanent sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. (xii) Compliance to core labor laws (see

41https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/554e8d80488658e4b76af76a6515bb18/Final%2B-%2BGeneral%2BEHS%2BGuidelines.pdf?MOD=AJPERES 42 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/e22c050048855ae0875cd76a6515bb18/Final%2B-%2BWater%2Band%2BSanitation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

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(v) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (vi) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (vii) The project area experiences extreme temperature during summer months of April and May, which may affect the health of workers engaged in construction work. Contractor should take necessary measures during summers including the following: (a) work schedule should be adjusted to avoid peak temperature hours (12 – 3 PM); (b) provide appropriate shade near the workplace; allow periodic resting and provide adequate water, and (c) provide necessary medicine and facilities to take care of dehydration related health issues (viii) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (ix) Provide H andS orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (x) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be

Appendix 7 of this IEE)

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present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (xi) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (xii) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xiii) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; (xiv) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (xv) Conduct regular health check-ups for workers (xvi) Provide periodical awareness camps and special trainings for workers for health issues and risks in construction sites (xviii) Provide proper solid and liquid waste management system in workers’ campsite, separate

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from spoils and debris disposal, as their presence can add to existing waste volume at the project sites.

Health risk of construction workers due to COVID-19. • Prepare the health and safety guidance for COVID-19 at work sites and get approval of PMU;

Prepare the health and safety guidance for COVID-19 at work sites and get approval of PMU ; • Strictly follow and implement the H&S guidance for COVID-19 at worksite; • Everyone entering the worksite must wear a mask • At the entrance of the worksite/camp site every personnel must wash their hands for 20 second with maintaining a distance of at least 1m (3 ft) from each other; • A designated EHS/Medical person should stay all time during work and ensure physical distances (minimum 1m) among workers, disinfecting surfaces that are commonly used and investigate worker/site personnel health and safety. • Discourage site personnel to gather and gossip at any time, rather encourage physical distance while chatting/discussing. • Ensure sufficient stock of soap, sanitizer, washing facility and safe water at the workers’ dwelling (both camp site and home). • Encourage frequent hand washing and social distancing at campsite. • Ensure personal distance at least 1 meter (3 feet), preferably


PIU / DSC with the assistance of DBO contractor

Cost for implementation of mitigation measures responsibility of contractor

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2m (6ft) during lunch, dinner and prayer. • Train workers on how to properly put on, use/wear, and take off protective clothing and equipment. Make these trainings mandatory at worksites and provide 10-15 minutes of a workday for such ‘training and encouragement’ activities.

Community Health and Safety.

Traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians during material and waste transportation

(i)Trench excavation and pipeline works shall be conducted in a safe manner; if the allowing public movement along the work sites (pedestrians or vehicles as the case may be) is likely to cause safety risks, movement should be blocked temporarily and work shall be conducted; in such areas, conducting night work or working in small stretches to avoid blockage of traffic/movement no more than few hours in due consultation with the local community and ULB shall be planned (ii) All trenches deeper than 1.5 m shall be provided with safety shoring/braces; and avoid open cutting method for trenches deeper than 6-7 m by adopting trenchless technology (iii) Survey the surrounding vulnerable buildings for likely issues in structural stability / differential settlement during the excavation works (iv) Provide prior information to


(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors


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the local people about the nature and duration of work. (v) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (vi) Liaise with PIU/ULB in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. (vii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. (viii) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of on-going trenching activities.

Safety of sensitive groups (children, elders etc.) and other pedestrians in narrow streets

Trench excavation in narrow streets will pose high risk to children and elders in the locality

(i) Provide prior information to the local people about the nature and duration of work (ii) Conduct awareness program on safety during the construction work (iii) Undertake the construction work stretch-wise; excavation, pipe laying and trench refilling should be completed on the same day (iv) Provide barricades, and deploy security personnel to ensure safe movement of people and also to prevent unnecessary entry and to avoid accidental fall into open trenches


Complaints from neighborhood and monitoring of accidents


Night Works Public inconvenience due to traffic diversion, disturbance due to

Prepare a night work protocol and obtain prior approval from PIU, and strictly implement and report on implementation of protocol during

Contractor Night work plan / protocol submitted by contractor and approved by

Contractor

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excessive noise and access loss, occupational health and safety issues etc.

the workers; Contractors should have handheld noise level meter for measurement of noise during night hours Contractors should have handheld lux meter for the measurement of illumination during night hours Preferably electrical connection is available for running equipment otherwise soundproof/super silent Diesel Generator set should be available Sound level should not increase as prescribe by CPCB Illumination should be as prescribed in protocol As far as possible ready-mix concrete from batching plant to be used, otherwise the concrete should be prepared away from residential areas and brought to the site All the noisy activities like hammering, cutting, crushing, running of heavy equipment should be done in daytime and avoided in nighttime Workers engaged in night works should have adequate rest/sleep in daytime before start of night works Worker engaged for night works should have previous experience of night works and should be physically fit for such works including clear vision in night All the necessary provisions of traffic aids such as traffic signals, road signage, barricades, cautions

PIU/Consultant

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boards, traffic diversion boards etc. should be available with fluorescent/retro-reflective arrangements Workers should be trained before start of night works about risks and hazards of night works and their mitigation measures and should be provided all the protective aids (PPEs) including fluorescent/retro-reflective vests Horns should not be permitted by equipment and vehicles Workers should not shout and create noise First aid and emergency vehicles should be available at site Emergency preparedness plan should be operative during night works Old persons and pregnant women and women having small kids should not work in night-time All the vehicles and equipment being used at night works should have adequate type of silencers/enclosures/mufflers to reduce noise All the vehicles should be checked for working head lamps, tail lamps, inner lights etc. before start of night works PIU/DSC site engineers and contractor’s safety personnel should closely monitor the safety of works continuously and noise and illumination levels on hourly basis and maintain photographic and

213






video graphic records as well as register the observations. Night works should be stopped early in the morning at least one hour before start of pedestrian/traffic movement After completion of night works all the site should be cleaned and maintained obstruction free for daytime movement of vehicles and pedestrians Drivers and workers should be alert and responsive during night works All the wages to workers working in night hours should be as per the applicable labour acts Avoid any nuisance which may create problems to nearby habitants and work peacefully during night hours Night works should not be conducted near hospitals and during peak seasons such as peak tourist season, students’ exam times etc.

Work in narrow streets

Will pose high risk to children and elders in the locality

(i) Conduct awareness program on safety during the construction work (ii) Undertake the construction work stretch-wise; excavation, pipe laying and trench refilling should be completed on the same day (iii) Provide barricades, and deploy security personnel to ensure safe movement of people and also to prevent unnecessary entry and to avoid accidental fall into open trenches

Responsibility of contractor.

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(iv) Trench excavation and pipeline works shall be conducted in a safe manner; if the allowing public movement along the work sites (pedestrians or vehicles as the case may be) is likely to cause safety risks, movement should be blocked temporarily and work shall be conducted; in such areas, conducting night work or working in small stretches to avoid blockage of traffic/movement no more than few hours in due consultation with the local community and ULB shall be planned

Trenchless Pipe Installation

Noise generated due to HDD may affect the neighboring communities and other sensitive receptors (such as students at schools and other educational institutes, patients at hospitals etc.). Bentonite slurry spilled out to the watercourses may contaminate the adjacent surface water. •

Pipes shall be installed by the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) methods where required. If the method is not feasible for any road, the contractor shall inform the Project Manager and gain prior approval for an alternative method or for open trench method. • Provide outdoor sound blanket or noise curtain wall to help alleviate the noise impact due to HDD. Monitor the noise level to ensure the maximum levels are not exceeded. Excavation material shall be removed from the conduit as the work progresses. No accumulation of excavated material within the conduit will be permitted.

Contractor Trenchless work plan / protocol submitted by contractor and approved by PIU/ DSC Consultant

Contractor

https://www.enoisecontrol.com/products/outdoor-sound-blankets/

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• The contractor shall provide sediment and erosion control measures in accordance with local environmental legislation. • The contractor shall supply portable mud tanks or construct temporary mud pits to contain excess drill fluids during construction. Spent drilling fluids and cuttings shall be confined to the entrance and exit pits. • The contractor shall take all necessary precautions to minimize the damage to the adjacent properties. The contractor shall take all necessary precautions to minimize the damage to the adjacent properties. • Drilling fluid/ bentonite slurry that enters the pipe shall be removed by flushing or other suitable methods. Sediment tanks of sufficient capacity, constructed from pre-formed individual cells of approximately 6-8m3 capacities shall be used for settling waste-waters prior to disposal. • The contractor shall be responsible for cleanup and restoration of the site. • Pits excavated to permit connection of bored pipe shall be backfilled, and disturbed areas

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shall be restored to their original state or better. Sections of sidewalks, curbs, and gutters or other permanent improvements damaged during HDD operations shall be repaired or replaced at the contractor’s expense.

Construction camps and worker facilities

Temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants Unsanitary and poor living conditions for workers

(i) Consult with PIU before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide drinking water, water for other uses, and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Provided temporary rest and eating area at all work sites (v) Ensure conditions of livability at work camps are always maintained at the highest standards possible; living quarters and construction camps shall be provided with standard materials (as far as possible to use portable ready to fit-in reusable cabins with proper ventilation); thatched huts, and facilities constructed with materials like GI sheets, tarpaulins, etc., shall not be used as accommodation for workers; accommodation shall meet the IFC standards for workers accommodation which include: provision of safe housing, availability of electricity, plumbing, water and sanitation, adequate fire protection and dormitory/room facilities; accommodation shall be


(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Drinking water and sanitation facilities for employees


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in the range from 10 to 12.5 cubic meters (volume) or 4 to 5.5 square meters (surface) per worker, a minimum ceiling height of 2.10 meters; a reasonable number of workers are allowed to share the same room – (standards range from 2 to 8 workers); workers with accompanying families shall be provided with a proper and safe accommodation (IFC benchmark standards for workers accommodation is provided in Appendix 17) (vi) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (vii) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (viii) Manage solid waste according to the preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (ix) Ensure unauthorized persons specially children are not allowed in any worksite at any given time.

Groundwater exploitation

Uncontrolled extraction of water may affect availability of water to locals. Contamination of groundwater from construction related sources such a fuel and

To avoid over exploitation of groundwater resources, judicious use and proper scientific planning is required for further developments by the Government. Prevent pollutants from contaminating the soil and the ground water. • All tube wells, test holes, monitoring wells that are no longer in use or needed shall be


Contractor through a NABL accredited laboratory and approved by PIU/ DSC Consultant


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liquid wastes. properly decommissioned; • Storage of lubricants and fuel at least 50 m from water bodies • Storage of fuel and lubricants in double hulled tanks. Fuel and other petroleum products stored at storage areas away from water drainage and protected by impermeable lining and bonded 110%. • Daily control of machinery and vehicles for leakages Collection of waste during construction activities • Provide uncontaminated water for dust suppression • Monitor groundwater quality according to the environmental monitoring plan.

Social and Cultural Resources

Risk of archaeological chance finds

(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; (ii) Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; (iv) Inform local Archeological Department / Museum office if a find is suspected and take any action, they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ


Records of chance finds


Monsoon preparedness

Disruption of utilities and water logging in trenches

(i) As for a possible avoid trench works and excavation works (pipe laying) during monsoon season to avoid any water logging and accident due to it (ii) if open trenches are not


Monsoon preparedness plan


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avoidable during monsoon, keep ready all the mitigations measures to avoid water logging such as dewatering pumps and sufficient pipes, traffic assistance, barricades etc. (iii) keep emergency response system ready before monsoon/heavy rain fall

Submission of EMP implementation report

Unsatisfactory compliance to EMP

(i) Appointment of supervisor to ensure EMP implementation (ii) Timely submission of monitoring reports including pictures

Construction contractor

Availability and competency of appointed supervisor Monthly report


Post-construction clean-up

Damage due to debris, spoils, excess construction materials

(i) Remove all spoils wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ii) All excavated roads shall be reinstated to original condition. (iii) All disrupted utilities restored (iv) All affected structures rehabilitated/compensated (v) The area that previously housed the construction camp is to be checked for spills of substances such as oil, paint, etc. and these shall be cleaned up. (vi) All hardened surfaces within the construction camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials removed, and the area shall be top soiled and re-grassed using the guidelines set out in the re-vegetation specification that forms part of this document. (vii) The contractor must arrange


PIU/Consultant report in writing that (i) worksite is restored to original conditions; (ii) camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions; (iii) all construction related structures not relevant to O and M are removed; and (iv) worksite clean-up is satisfactory.


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the cancellation of all temporary services. (viii) Request PIU to report in writing that worksites and camps have been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.

Table 37 : Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Operation Stage

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation



Water supply system operation: water treatment

Supply of water not meeting drinking water standards, health and environment issues

(i)Judiciously utilize the groundwater resources; prepare a water utilization plan every year (ii)Ensure that water supplied to the consumers at all times meet the drinking water standards; carry out regular sampling and testing, and disseminative information (iii) Undertake regular monitoring and maintenance of water supply infrastructure. (iv)Ensure that chlorinator facility is operated only by trained staff and as per the standard operating procedures; in case of any accident and/or maintenance activity, ensure that the staff follows documented procedures only (v) Implement Emergency Response System (ERS) for the chlorine leakage (vi) Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing chlorine is attached as Appendix 18.

O&M contractor for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam, Dheradun

Nagar Nigam, Dheradun

O & M cost of contractor

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(vii) Ensure that all conditions/standards prescribed by UEPCB are compiled duly

Check for blockage and leakage problems reducing the water losses

It may affect the water supply system

Effectiveness of leak detection and water auditing to reduce the water losses Implementation of regular O&M schedules

O&M contractor for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam Dehradun

Nagar Nigam Dehradun

O & M cost of contractor

Routine maintenance of OHRs and other facilities to ensure delivery of safe drinking water

Health impact due to supply of unsafe drinking water in the system

Ensure periodical maintenance of pumps and cleaning of OHRs, to ensure delivery of safe drinking water Periodical testing of treated water to ensure treated water quality meets the required standards

O and M contractor for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam Dehradun

Nagar Nigam , Dehradun

O andM cost of contractor

Sewerage system operation: treatment discharge of treated wastewater, sludge

Environmental and health issues due to operation

(i) Ensure that treated wastewater meets the established discharge standards all times; Conduct regular wastewater quality monitoring (at inlet and at outlet of STP) to ensure that the treated effluent quality complies with design standards; (ii) Conduct baseline water quality assessment of receiving water body prior to start of operation (iii) Ensure implementation of Reuse Plan, and ensure intended quality for each direct reuse (iv) Assess composition and characteristics of sludge from the first batch operation at the initial phases, and confirm the handling, management and disposal/reuse actions suggested in the management plan (v) Conduct periodic testing of dried

O and M contractor for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


O and M cost of contractor

222





sludge/compost to check presence of heavy metals and confirming the concentrations to use as compost as specified in the Standards for Composting, Schedule II A, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, FCO = Fertilizer Control Order, 1985, amendments in 2009 and 2013. It shall not be used for food crops. (vi) Ensure valid consent to operate (CTO) from UEPPCB for operation of STP (vii) Ensure that all conditions/standards prescribed by UEPPCB are compiled duly (viii) Ensure that chlorinator facility is operated only by trained staff and as per the standard operating procedures; in case of any accident and/or maintenance activity, ensure that the staff follows documented procedures only (ix) Implement Emergency Response System (ERS) for the chlorine leakage; Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing chlorine is attached as Appendix 18. (x) Ensure proper knowledge transfer, hands-on training to municipal staff engaged in STP operation has been provided by contractor prior to handover of facility; (xi) Operate and maintain the facility following standard operating procedures of operational manual; (xii) Undertake preventive and periodic maintenance activities as required; (xiii) Conduct periodic training to

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workers; ensure that all safety apparatus at STP including personal protection equipment are in good condition all times; and are at easily accessible and identifiable place; periodically check the equipment, and conduct mock drills to deal with emergency situations; (xiv) No wastewater from industrial premises (including domestic wastewater) shall be allowed to dispose into municipal sewers; monitor regularly and ensure that there is no illegal discharge through manholes or inspection chambers; conduct public awareness programs; in coordination with UEPPCB. (xv) Conventional and centralized water treatment that use filtration and disinfection that inactivates disease causing vectors (xvi) Final disinfection step considered if treatment plant technologies are not able to destroy pathogens and remove viruses (xvii) Workers should wear appropriate PPE which includes protective outerwear, gloves, boots, goggles or a face shield and a mask (xviii) Perform hand hygiene frequently, avoid touching eyes, nose, mouth with unwashed hands

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Sewerage system operation: collection and conveyance

Environmental and health issues due to operation of sewer network

Establish regular maintenance program, including: • Regular cleaning of grit chambers and sewer lines to remove grease, grit, and other debris that may lead to sewer backups. Cleaning should be conducted more frequently for problem areas. • Inspection of the condition of sanitary sewer structures and identifying areas that need repair or maintenance. Items to note may include cracked/deteriorating pipes; leaking joints or seals at manhole; frequent line blockages; lines that generally flow at or near capacity; and suspected infiltration or exfiltration; and • Monitoring of sewer flow to identify potential inflows and outflows • Conduct repairs on priority based on the nature and severity of the problem. Immediate clearing of blockage or repair is warranted where an overflow is currently occurring or for urgent problems that may cause an imminent overflow (e.g. pump station failures, sewer line ruptures, or sewer line blockages); (ii) Review previous sewer maintenance records to help identify “hot spots” or areas with frequent maintenance problems and locations of potential system failure, and conduct preventative maintenance, rehabilitation, or replacement of lines as needed; (iii) When a spill, leak, and/or overflow occurs, keep sewage from entering the storm drain system by covering or blocking storm drain inlets or

O and M contractor ( DBO) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam



225





by containing and diverting the sewage away from open channels and other storm drain facilities (using sandbags, inflatable dams, etc.). Remove the sewage using vacuum equipment or use other measures to divert it back to the sanitary sewer system. (iv) Prohibit/prevent disposal of wastewater/effluent from industrial units in the sewers; ensure regular checking to ensure no illegal entry of industrial wastewater into sewers (v) Develop an Emergency Response System for the sewerage system leaks, burst and overflows, etc. (vi) Provide necessary health and safety training to the staff (vii) Provide all necessary personnel protection equipment (viii) During cleaning/clearing of manholes and sewer lines great precautions should be taken for the safety of workers conducting such works.

• As far as possible use remote / CCTV mechanism to identify/detect the problems in sewers and do not engage persons for this purpose

• As far as possible use mechanized cleaning of manholes and sewers by using modern techniques and machines and do not engage persons for this purpose

• Ensure that maintenance staff and supervisors understand the risks; provide proper instructions, training and supervision.

• Use gas detector to detect any hazardous

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or inflammable gas in confined areas like sewers /manholes prior to maintenance process

• Provide suitable personal protective equipment that may include waterproof / abrasion-resistant gloves, footwear, eye and respiratory protection. Face visors are particularly effective against splashes. Equipment selection and a proper system for inspection and maintenance are important.

• Provide adequate welfare facilities, including clean water, soap, nail brushes, disposable paper towels, and where heavy contamination is foreseeable, showers.

• For remote locations portable welfare facilities should be provided.

• Areas for storage of clean and contaminated equipment should be segregated and separate from eating facilities.

• Provide adequate first-aid equipment, including clean water or sterile wipes for cleansing wounds, and a supply of sterile, waterproof, adhesive dressings.

• Make effective arrangements for monitoring the health of staff.

• Keep emergency preparedness plan ready before starting the work of sewage system cleaning

• Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Cleaning of Sewers and Septic Tanks by CPHEEO shoud be followed ( http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/5c0a062b23e94SOPforcleaningofSewersSepticTanks.pdf




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Occupational Health and Safety

Health risk of workers due to COVID-19.

• Prepare and implement a health and safety plan that is based on the developments about COVID-19 at the local and global fronts. All protocols contained in the health and safety plan should comply with all national health and safety regulations related to COVID-19 and with internationally recognized guidelines for dealing with COVID-19, such as the WHO guidelines.




Pathogens and Vectors

Workers may expose to the endotoxins, which are produced within a microorganism and released upon destruction of the cell and which can be carried by airborne dust particles. Vectors for sewage pathogens include insects (e.g. flies), rodents (e.g. rats) and birds (e.g. gulls).

Include in safety training program for workers, safe handling and personal hygiene practices to minimize exposure to pathogens and vectors; • Use vacuum trucks or tugs for removal of fecal sludge instead of manual methods; • Provide and require use of suitable personal protective clothing and equipment to prevent contact with wastewater (e.g., rubber gloves, aprons, boots, etc.). Especially provide prompt medical attention and cover any skin trauma such as cuts and abrasions to prevent infection and use protective clothing and goggles to prevent contact with spray and splashes; • Provide areas for workers to shower and change clothes before leaving work and provide laundry service for work clothes. This practice also helps to minimize chemical and radionuclide exposure; • Encourage workers at wastewater facilities to wash hands frequently; • Provide worker immunization (e.g. for




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Hepatitis B and tetanus) and health monitoring, including regular physical examinations; • Reduce aerosol formation and distribution, for example by planting trees around the aeration basin to shield the area from wind and to capture the droplets and particles • Reducing aeration rate, if possible • Avoid handling screenings by hand to prevent needle stick injuries; • Maintain good housekeeping in sewage processing and storage areas; • Advise individuals with asthma, diabetes, or suppressed immune systems not to work at wastewater treatment facilities, especially composting facilities, facility because of their greater risk of infection

Repair and maintenance activities of sewerage and water supply : Construction disturbances, nuisances, public and worker safety,

All work sites Implementation of dust control, noise control, traffic management, and safety measures. Site inspection checklist to review implementation is appended at Appendix 21.




Leakage and Overflows

It may affect the water supply and sewer systems, contaminate land, water and create public health issues

Effective operation to avoid and/or immediate clearance of such leaks, blockages; • Implementation of regular O&M schedules.




Asset management

Reduction in NRW Increased efficiency of

Preparation and implementation of O and M Manual

O and M contractor for 5


O and M cost of

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the system years and then Nagar Nigam Dehradun

DBO-Hybrid contractor

Storm water Drainage operations .

Impact to the environment, workers, and community due to accidents or accidental discharge of domestic wastewater into the drainage system

Development of O&M manual that is comprehensive and includes measures to prevent discharge of domestic wastewater to the storm water drainage system and accidents due to the drainage canals. Refer Appendix 23 for guidelines for safety during Monsoon Months

DBO Contractor and PIU and Consultant

Availability of final version of O&M manual


Storm Water Runoff

- Illegal entry of waste water from buildings or households; -Solid Waste disposal to the drains resulting to water pollution and clogging

-The design includes cover slab for the proposed drain hence, it should be ensured that each drain is provided with cover slab -Prepare and implement maintenance plan. - Provision of regular monitoring.




Table 38 : Environmental Monitoring Plan for Construction Stage

Monitoring field Monitoring location Monitoring parameters Frequency Responsibility Cost and Source of Funds

Construction disturbances, nuisances, public and worker safety,

All work sites Implementation of dust control, noise control, traffic management, chance finds protocol, asbestos pipes management and safety measures. Site inspection checklist to review implementation is appended at Appendix 23.

Weekly during construction

Supervising staff and safeguards specialist

No costs required

Tree cutting and STP/TSPS, and sewer Obtain permission from concerned Weekly during Supervising staff Contractors cost

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plantation pipe laying sites authority for any tree cutting and plant trees in the ratio of 1:3.

construction and safeguards specialist

Ambient air quality 4 locations (STP & OHT sites , pipe laying locations , construction camps and workers camp locations )

PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO Once before start of construction and once in each season (yearly 3 times, except monsoon) during construction

DBO Contractor Cost for implementation of monitoring measures responsibility of contractor

Ambient noise 4 locations (STP & OHT sites , pipe laying locations , construction camps and workers camp locations)

Day time and nighttime noise levels

Once before start of construction and at the start of noisiest construction activities (use of pneumatic drills, breaking of cement or bitumen roads, operation of concrete mixers, trenchless pipe installation)


Soil quality 4 locations (STP & OHT sites, pipe laying locations , construction camps and workers camp locations )

pH, Elect. Conductivity (at 250C), Moisture (at 1050C), Texture (silt, clay, sand), Calcium (as CaO), Magnesium (as Mg), Permeability, Nitrogen (as N), Sodium (as Na), Phosphate (as PO4), Potassium (as K), Organic Matter, oil and grease

Once before start of construction and once in each season (yearly 3 times, except monsoon) during construction


Ground Water quality

4 locations (STP & OHT sites, pipe laying locations , construction camps and workers camp locations )

pH, TDS, Total Hardness, Zn, Chloride, Iron, Copper, DO, Manganese, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, Hg, Cadmium, Cr+6, Arsenic, Lead, Total Alkalinity, Phosphate, Phenolic compound



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Surface water quality

4 locations (Locations shall be selected based on the location of surface water bodies closer to the construction zones)

pH, Turbidity, Total Hardness, DO, BOD, COD, Chloride, Hg, Iron, TDS, TSS, Calcium, Zn, Cr+6, Magnesium, Copper, Manganese, Sulphate, Cyanide, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium, Fluoride, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, Boron, Selenium, Aluminum, Total residual Chlorine



Table 39 : Environmental Monitoring Plan for Operations Stage

Monitoring field Monitoring location

Monitoring parameters Frequency Responsibility Cost and Source of Funds

Monitoring of plantations Plantations locations

Number. of tree survived Monthly O and M contractor (DBO Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam

Contract O and M cost / Nagar Nigam, Dehradun

Monitoring of raw wastewater quality

Inlet of the STP

pH, BOD, COD, TSS, P-Total , N-total, Fecal Coliform (as per Annexure-4)

Monthly once

O and M contractor( DBO) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Monitoring of treated effluent quality

Outlet of STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS, P-Total , N-total, Fecal Coliform (as per Annexure-4)

Monthly Once O and M

contractor (DBO Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Sludge quality (STP) and suitability as manure

Dried sludge Analysis for concentration of heavy metals and confirm that value are within the following limits of organic compost (FCO 2009) (all units are in mg/kg dry basis except pH) Arsenic - 10.00 Cadmium - 5.00 Chromium - 50.00

Yearly twice

O and M contractor (DBO Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


232




Copper- 300.00 Lead - 100.00 Mercury- 0.15 Nickel - 50.00 Zinc- 1000.00 PH - 6.5-7.5

Raw water quality of Tube wells

Tube wells Parameters as per drinking water standards (IS 105002012)

Monthly once

O and M contractor (DBO-Hybrid Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Monitoring of quality of water supplied to consumers

Consumer end- random sampling in all wards

Parameters as per drinking water standards (IS 10500-2012)

Bi-weekly O and M contractor (DBO-Hybrid Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Water supply system operation

Supply of water not meeting drinking water standards,

health and environment issues

(i) Ensure that water supplied to the consumers at all times meet the drinking water standards; carry out regular sampling and testing, and disseminative information; (ii) Undertake regular monitoring and maintenance of water supply infrastructure. Ensure zero wastewater discharge from the water treatment process via collection and recirculation of process wastewater / backwash water; (i) Ensure that all conditions/standards prescribed by UEPCB are complied duly (ii) Ensure that chlorinator facility is operated only by trained staff and as per the standard operating procedures; in case of any accident and/or maintenance activity, ensure that the staff follows documented procedures only Implement Emergency Response System (ERS) for the chlorine leakage; (vii) Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing chlorine

O and M contractor for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam



233




is attached as Appendix 18.

Consent to operate (CTO) from UEPPCB

STP CTO should be renewed before expired As per UEPPCB

Nagar Nigam, Dehradun


Periodic maintenance of the drainage system

Drainage system

Number of inspection and maintenance (desilting, repairs, removal debris and blockages) works conducted

as per O&M plan

O and M contractor(DBO Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Sewer network to sustain operational efficiency and avoid clogging and early occurrence of leakages

Sewer network

To be included in the O&M plan prepared under the project

As per O&M plan

O and M contractor(DBO Contractor) for 5 years and then Nagar Nigam


Achieving targeted wastewater reuse and safe sludge disposal

STP Volume of wastewater reuse and Quantity of safe sludge disposal

Yearly/ bi-Yearly



Achieving Septic Tank Closure

Town Numbers of septic tanks closed; IEC Campaign Details

Yearly/ bi-Yearly



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B. Institutional Arrangements

The Department of Urban Development (UDD), Government of Uttarakhand is the Executing Agency and Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA) is the Implementing Agency for the Uttarakhand Inclusive Urban Development Project (UIRUDP). UUSDA under UDD is responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under this project. A Project Management Unit (PMU), established within the UUSDA, will implement the project.

Project Management Unit (PMU). The PMU will be headed by a Program Director

(PD), a senior IAS Officer, of Additional Secretary rank; the Program Director will be supported by Additional Program Director (APD), Technical (an officer of Chief Engineer rank), Additional Program Director (APD), Administration (a State Cadre level Administrative Officer or a junior IAS Officer) and a Finance Controller (a State Cadre level Officer from finance discipline). APD Technical will be supported by Deputy Program Directors of Superintendent Engineer rank; DPD 1 will be responsible for Project Implementation and DPD 2 responsible for Procurement Planning and Contracts. DPD 1 is the focal person for coordinating with the PIUs, safeguards and GESI implementation. The Deputy Program Directors will be assisted by Project Managers of Executive Engineer rank and Deputy Project Managers (DPMs) of Assistant Engineer rank. PMU will have a position of Social Development and Gender Officer (SDGO) and Environmental Officer (EO) responsible for safeguards implementation to assist the PMU, DPD 1. The Environmental Officer will assist DPD 1 of PMU for implementation of environmental management plan (EMP) provisions and other environmental issues as per IEE/ EMP in compliance with ADB’s SPS 2009 and GoI rules. There will also be an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Officer. The PMU will support two PIUs, one at Dehradun and the other at Nainital; the PIUs will be responsible for planning, implementation, monitoring and supervision, and coordination of all activities under the UIRUDP. Each PIU will be headed by a Project Manager of Executive Engineer (EE) rank, reporting to the DPD 1.

Project Implementation Units (Town/City Level). Each PIU (established one each in Dehradun and Nainital) will be headed by a Project Manager of Executive Engineer rank. Project Manager will be supported by three Deputy Project Managers of Assistant Engineer (Civil) and Assistant Engineer (electrical and mechanical) rank. Further, Junior Engineers will assist the Deputy Project Managers in project implementation. One of the Junior Engineer will be designated as social focal point (Assistant Social Development Officer) and the other as environmental focal point (Assistant Environmental Officer).

Project Management and Design Supervision Consultant. PMU will be supported by a Project Management and Design Supervision Consultant (PMDSC) to supervise, monitor and oversee project implementation, support on policy reform related issues and compliance of all the reporting requirements of GoU, other statutory regulatory bodies and Asian Development Bank in line with SPS 2009. PIU will also be supported by the PMDSC on supervision monitoring and to oversee the implementation of projects, including compliance of ADB’s SPS 2009 and other environmental and social issues as per relevant State and GoI rules. There will be two Environmental Experts (EE) and two Social, Gender and Resettlement Expert (SGRE) at the PMDSC.

Safeguards Compliance Responsibilities. DPD 1 will be the focal point for both social and environmental safeguard implementation and compliance. Environmental and Social Development Officers will have the overall responsibility of ensuring compliance with ADB SPS 2009 and will support DPD 1. The PMU will have overall responsibility for implementation of the

235


IEEs, RPs, EMPs, SEMP, GESI action plan, and appropriate monitoring and reporting responsibilities. The Environmental Officer (EO) will be primarily facilitating implementation of EMPs, SEMP and other environmental related compliances with support of Environmental Experts of the PMDSC. The environment experts (EE) of PMDSC will conduct environmental assessments including the finalization of IEEs and prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports (SEMR). The PMDSC is also responsible to organize training and capacity development programs. The Social Development and Gender Officer (SDGO) will facilitate implementation, monitoring and reporting of resettlement plans and other related compliances, while IECO will oversee the community awareness, public outreach, training, capacity building preparation of IEC materials, and enhance information, education and communication among the local public, regarding gender, social, environmental related issues of UIRUDP. An independent agency titled, “Community Action and Public Participation Agency, (CAPPA) will assist the PMU and PIUs in implementation of resettlement plans and function as a community outreach agency for construction facilitation, public disclosure and other communication and capacity building awareness and documentation and reporting as per requirements. Contractor will appoint an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) supervisor to implement EMP.

Figure 43 : Institutional Arrangement for UIRUDP

Environmental Safeguards roles and responsibilities are summarised below:

Tasks of Environmental Officer at PMU Level. The following are the

key environmental safeguard tasks and responsibilities of the Environmental Officer at the PMU level:

(i) review and approve the updated/final IEEs;

236


(ii) ensure that the updated/final IEEs/EMPs reflect latest/final project designs from the DBO contractor;

(iii) ensure that EMPs including Health and Safety COVID-19 Plans and associated costs are included in bidding documents and civil works contracts;

(iv) With the help of the PMDSC EE, review and approve the SEMPs from the Contractor;

(v) provide oversight on environmental management aspects of the project, and ensure SEMPs and EMPs are implemented by contractors;

(vi) establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the project including monitoring the indicators set out in the monitoring plan of the EMP;

(vii) facilitate and confirm overall compliance with all government rules and regulations regarding site and environmental clearances as well as any other environmental requirements, as relevant;

(viii) with the help of the PMDSC EE, review, monitor and evaluate effectiveness with which the SEMPs, EMPs, and Health and Safety Plans are implemented, and recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken;

(ix) with the help of the PMDSC EE, prepare and submit semi-annual monitoring reports (SEMR) to ADB;

(x) ensure timely disclosure of final IEEs/EMPs and SEMRs, including corrective action plan ensure timely disclosure of final IEEs/EMPs and SEMRs, including corrective action plans, if any, in project website and in a form accessible to the public;

(xi) address any grievances brought about through the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) described in this EARF in a timely manner;

(xii) undertake regular review of safeguards related loan covenants, and the compliance in program implementation; and

(xiii) organize periodic capacity building and training programs for UIRUDP stakeholders, PMU, and PIU staff on safeguards.

Project Implementation Units (Town/City Level). The PIUs will be responsible for the

day-to-day activities of project implementation in the field and will have direct supervision to all contractors at subproject sites. Each PIU will have a Junior Engineer, designated as the Assistant Environmental Officer (AEO) who will perform the following specific tasks, with support from PMDSC, Environmental Expert:

(i) Ensure compliance with government and ADB requirements on environmental safeguards;

(ii) Oversee day-to-day implementation of SEMPs by contractors, including compliance with all government rules and regulations, and conduct regular site visits/inspections;

(iii) Liaise with local offices of regulatory agencies in obtaining clearances /approvals; assist PMU for clearances obtained at town/city level;

(iv) Take necessary action for obtaining rights of way;

(v) Review and approve contractor SEMPs;

(vi) Review the contractors’ monthly reports on SEMP implementation;

(vii) Prepare quarterly monitoring reports and submit to PMU;

(viii) Inform PMU of unanticipated impacts and formulate corrective action plan;

237


(ix) Recommend issuance of work construction work completion certification to the contractor upon verification of satisfactory post-construction clean-up.

(x) Ensure continuous public consultation and awareness;

(xi) Coordinate grievance redress process and ensure timely actions by all parties; and

(xii) Support all other environmental safeguards-related activities and tasks of the PMU as may be needed.

Project Management and Design Supervision Consultants. The PMU and PIU

Environmental Officer and Assistant Environmental Officers will be supported by the EE of the PMDSC. Following are the key tasks of Environmental Expert of PMDSC:

(i) Work closely with PMU, PIU and Contractor design teams to include environmental considerations in project location, design and technical specifications;

(ii) Identify statutory clearance / permissions / approvals required and assist the PMU and PIU in obtaining them;

(iii) Assist in including standards/conditions of regulatory clearances and consents, if any, in the project design;

(iv) Assist the PMU and PIU in the review of Contractor’ SEMPs; (v) Prepare updated/final IEEs and EMPs based on the DBO

contractor’s detailed design, SEMPs, and in accordance with country’s environmental legal frameworks and ADB SPS 2009;

(vi) Ensure the quality and format of IEE reports, and other environmental safeguard documents following ADB Handbook of Styles and Usage;

(vii) Lead / assist PIU in public consultations and include inputs from the public consultation in the project design and EMP, and proper documentation in the IEEs;

(viii) Advise / assist PIU in disclosing relevant information on safeguards to affected people and relevant stakeholders;

(ix) Assist the PIU in monitoring the implementation of EMPs/SEMPs and ensure compliance by the Contractors including subcontractors;

(x) Carry out site verification of EMP/SEMP implementation on a regular basis; (xi) Provide guidance on resolving issues pertaining to effective and efficient

implementation of proposed environmental mitigation measures per EMPs/SEMPs during construction phase. Identify, non-compliance or unanticipated impacts, if any, and initiate corrective actions and report to PMU;

(xii) Assist the PIU in the review and approval of monthly monitoring reports submitted by Contractor;

(xiii) Assist the PIU in consolidating and preparing quarterly Environmental Monitoring Reports (EMR) and submit to PMU;

(xiv) Assist the PMU in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring report per the requirement of ADB;

(xv) Assist the PMU/PIU with any capacity building activities for stakeholders; (xvi) Assist PIU in establishing GRM for the Project; (xvii) Assist PIU in grievance redress, advise the contractor on appropriate actions on

grievances, ensure timely resolution and proper documentation; (xviii) Support all other environmental safeguards-related activities and tasks of the

PMU and PIUs as may be needed.

238


Design, Build and Operate (DBO) contractor. The EMP provisions as per the approved IEEs are to be included in bidding and contract documents and verified by the PIUs and PMU. The implementation of EMP will be made binding i.e. mandatory on contractor as part of the employer’s requirement in the bid and contract documents. The contractor will be required to appoint an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) supervisor to implement the EMP, and prepare and submit to PMU and PIU, for review and approval, Site-specific EMP (SEMP) which includes (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program per EMP; and (iv) budget for SEMP and EMP implementation. No works can commence until SEMP is approved by PMU/PIU. Contractors will carry out all environmental mitigation and monitoring measures outlined in EMP, approved SEMP and their contracts.

A copy of the EMP/approved SEMP will be always kept on-site during the construction period. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in the EMP/SEMP constitutes a failure in compliance and will require corrective actions.

The PMU and PIUs will ensure that bidding and contract documents include specific provisions requiring contractors to comply with: (i) all applicable labor laws and core labor standards on (a) prohibition of child labor as defined in national legislation, international treaties for construction and maintenance activities;(b) equal pay for equal work of equal value regardless of gender, ethnicity, or caste; and (c) elimination of forced labor; and with (ii) the requirement to disseminate information on sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, to employees and local communities surrounding the project sites. Key responsibilities of the EHS supervisor are:

(i) Prepare SEMP and submit to PMU/PIU for approval prior to start of construction; (ii) Ensure implementation of SEMP and report to PIU/PMDSC on any new or

unanticipated impacts; seek guidance from the PMU/PIU/PMDSC to address the new or unanticipated impact in accordance with ADB SPS 2009;

(iii) Ensure that necessary pre-construction and construction permits are obtained; (iv) Conduct orientation and daily briefing sessions to workers on environment,

health and safety; (v) Ensure that appropriate worker facilities are provided at the workplace and labor

camps as per the contractual provisions; (vi) Carry out site inspections on a regular basis and prepare site-inspection

checklists/reports; (vii) Record EHS incidents and undertake remedial actions; (viii) Conduct environmental monitoring (air, noise, etc.,) as per the monitoring plan (ix) Prepare monthly EMP monitoring reports and submit to PIU; (x) Work closely with PIU AEO and PMDSC EE to ensure communities are aware of

project-related impacts, mitigation measures, and GRM; and (xi) Coordinate with the PIU and PMDSC on any grievances received and ensure

that these are addressed in an effective and timely manner.

The following Figure 44 shows the institutional responsibility of safeguard implementation at all stages of the UIRUDP project :

239


Figure 44 : Institutional Arrangement for Safeguard Implementation, UIRUDP

C. Institutional Capacity and Development

The Implementing Agency, UUSDA, has experienced project staffs, who have knowledge and primary experience of ADB supported project implementation from earlier loans. It is hence understood that they have required familiarity with ADB environmental safeguard policies and its implementation. PMU SPM and PIU SOs will be trained by PMDSC safeguards experts and CAPPA team on safeguards issues related to the project, GESI action plan and GRM. The IEE,EMP and RP and GESI action plan provided indicative capacity building program which included modules on: (i) introduction and sensitization to ADB SPS 2009, on environmental, involuntary resettlement and indigenous people policies and requirements; (ii) project related requirements as provided in the IEE, RP, EMP and GESI action plan, (iii) review, updating and preparation of the IEEs, SEMPs, RPs, DDRs and IPPs (if required) upon the

AEO = Assistant Environmental Officer; APD = Additional Program Director; CAPPA = Community Awareness and Public Participation Agency; DBO = Design Build and Operate Contractor; DPD = Deputy Program Director; EO = Environmental Officer; IECO = Information Education and Communication Officer; PD = Program Director; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; PMDSC = Project Management, Design & Construction Supervision Consultant; PMU = Project Management Unit; SDGO = Social Development and Gender Officer, SGO = Social and Gender Officer

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completion of project detailed design; (iii) improved coordination within nodal departments; (iv) monitoring and reporting system; and (v) project GRM. Briefings on safeguards principles, GRM and GESI action plan will also be conducted to the contractors upon their mobilization by PIU SOs supported by PMDSC and CAPPA

The following Table 40 presents the outline of capacity building program to ensure EMP implementation. The estimated cost is Rs.200,000 (excluding trainings of contractors which will be part of EMP implementation cost during construction) to be covered by the project’s capacity building program. The detailed cost and specific modules will be customized for the available skill set after assessing the capabilities of the target participants and the requirements of the project by the environmental specialist of DSC. The capacity building program will consider participatory learning methods to the extent possible, including learning by doing, role playing, group exercises, on-the-job training, etc. to ensure effectiveness. A post-training assessment that can be compared to the pre-training assessment may be administered to measure the effectiveness of the program.

Table 40 : Outline Capacity Building Program on EMP Implementation

Description Target Participants and Venue

Estimate (INR) Cost and Source of Funds

1. Introduction and Sensitization to Environmental Issues (1 day) - ADB Safeguards Policy Statement - Government of India and Uttarakhand applicable safeguard laws, regulations and policies including but not limited to core labor standards, OH and S, etc. - Incorporation of EMP into the project design and contracts - Monitoring, reporting and corrective action planning

All staff and consultants

involved in the project

At PMU (combined program for all subprojects)

INR 50,000 (Lump sum)

Included in the overall program cost

2. EMP implementation (1/2 day) - EMP mitigation & monitoring measures -Roles and responsibilities - Public relations, - Consultations - Grievance redress - Monitoring and corrective action planning - Reporting and disclosure - Construction site standard operating procedures (SOP) -- Chance find (archeological) protocol

All PIU staff, contractor staff and consultants involved in the subproject

At PIU

Rs.100,000 (Lump sum)

Included in subproject cost estimates

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Description Target Participants and Venue

Estimate (INR) Cost and Source of Funds

- AC pipe protocol - Traffic management plan - Waste management plan - Site clean-up & restoration 3. Contractors Orientation to Workers (1/2 day) - Environment, health and safety in project construction

(O H and S, core labor laws, spoils management, etc.)

Once before start of work, and thereafter regular briefing every month once. Daily briefing on safety prior to start of work All workers (including unskilled laborers)

Rs. 50,000

DBO Contractor s cost

Summary of Capacity Building cost for EMP Implementation ▪ Contractor Cost - INR 50,000 ▪ PMU Cost - INR 150,000 ▪ Total - INR 200,000

D. Monitoring and Reporting

Immediately after mobilization and prior to commencement of the works, the contractor will submit a compliance report to PIU that all identified pre-construction mitigation measures as detailed in the EMP are undertaken. Contractor should confirm that the staff for EMP implementation (EHS supervisor) is mobilized. PIU will review, and approve the report and allow commencement of works.

During construction, results from internal monitoring by the contractor will be reflected in their monthly EMP implementation reports to the PIU. PMDSC will review and advise contractors for corrective actions if necessary.

Quarterly report shall be prepared PMDSC and PIU and submitted to PMU for review and further actions.

Based on monthly & quarterly reports and measurements, PMU (assisted by DSC) will submit Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report (Appendix 22). Once concurrence from the ADB is received the report will be disclosed on UUSDA/PMU websites.

ADB will review project performance against the project commitments as agreed in the

legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system

E. EMP Implementation Cost

Most of the mitigation measures require the contractors to adopt good site practice, which should be part of their normal procedures already, so there are unlikely to be major costs associated with compliance. There are some of the provisions in bid documents like compliance

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of the requirements of health and safety during construction works as per applicable labor laws, labor insurance, equipment fitness, provision of labor welfare facilities, healthcare facilities etc. which are unanimously bound to contractor bidding for the project therefore it is understood that costs for such requirements are bound to contractor and no need to consider as cost of EMP implementation. Regardless of this, any costs of mitigation by the construction contractors or consultants are included in the budgets for the civil works and do not need to be estimated separately here. Mitigation that is the responsibility of PIU/ULB will be provided as part of their management of the project, so this also does not need to be duplicated here. Cost for the capacity building program is included as part of the project. A CRVA study is being done for the project and its recommendations shall be included in the updated IEE.. Cost of environmental management are given in Table 41.

Table 41 : Cost Estimates to Implement the EMP

S. No Particulars Stages Unit Total

Number Rate (INR)

Cost Costs Covered By

(INR)

A. Mitigation Measures

1 Compensatory plantation

measures Construction

lump sum

- 1,000,000 Civil works

contract

2

Arrangement of resources for prevention of health risk from COVID 19 pandemic

Construction lump

sum - 1,500,000

Civil works contract

Subtotal (B) 25,00,000

B. Monitoring Measures#

1 Air quality monitoring: Pre-

construction and construction

per sample

50 14500 725,000 Civil works

contract

2 Noise levels monitoring Pre-

Construction and construction

Per sample

50 4500 225,000 Civil works

contract

3 Ground Water Quality Pre-

Construction and construction

Per sample

50 10500 525,000 Civil works

contract

4 Surface Water Quality

Pre-Construction and construction

Per sample

50 10000 5,00,000 Civil works contract

5 Soil Quality

Pre-construction and construction

Per sample

50 10000 5,00,000 Civil works contract

Subtotal (C) 2,475,000

C. Capacity Building

1 Introduction and sensitization to environment issues

Pre-construction

lump sum

50,000 PMU

2.. EMP implementation Construction lump sum

100000 PMU

3 Contractors Orientation to Workers on EMP implementation

Prior to dispatch to worksite

lump sum

50,000 Civil works contract

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S. No Particulars Stages Unit Total

Number Rate (INR)

Cost Costs Covered By

(INR)

Subtotal (D) 200,000

D Civil Works$

1 Water Sprinkling for dust suppression

Construction Days 2160 1600 3,456,000 Civil works contract

2 Rainwater Harvesting for water conservation

Construction Nos. Per

requirement

Lump Sum 1,000,000 Civil works contract

4 Provision for PPEs for labors and supervisory staff

Construction lump sum

500,000 Civil works contract

Subtotal (D) 4,956,000

E CTE & CTO

1 Fees for CTE and CTO lump sum

50,000 50,000 Project Cost

Subtotal (E) 50,000

F Grievance Redressal and public disclosure Mechanism

1 Grievance Redressal Mechanism Resolutions

Construction Lump Sum 500,000 Civil works contract

2 Public consultations on Environmental aspects

Construction Month 84 5000 420,000 Civil works contract

Sub Total (G) 920,000

Grand Total (A+B+C+D+E+F)

INR 11,101,000

USD 152,068

# Computation of total number of samples for environmental monitoring as per Appendix-25. $ Excluding, Barricading, road restoration, Traffic Management, ,These are taken as part of the civil work cost

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X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of development of water supply, sanitation and drainage system in newly-added wards since the 2018 re-boundary arrangements located in the southern periphery of Dehradun town. The subproject is located in Zone 7, which is divided into three work packages based on topography and hydrology. This subproject covers Package 1 and the service area under this package comprising part of ward 85 (Mothrowala).

Since the water supply system is in deteriorating condition, development of new water

source and distribution pipeline networks have been included in the scope of this project with consumer connections. It is also designed to develop a comprehensive sewerage system to collect, treat, and dispose/reuse the domestic waste water safely. This is being provided in a combination of underground sewerage system and Fecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) system in areas that are not fully developed at present and not feasible to provide sewer network. Construction of storm water drainage system has been proposed as currently there is no planned storm water drainage (SWD) system and most of the existing drains are engrossed and choked with garbage, debris and silt.

All potential impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into the site planning and design process wherever possible; thus, environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location were not significant. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the construction dust and noise, the need to dispose of large quantities of waste soil and import a similar amount of sand to support the sewer in the trenches; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic and important buildings by the construction work. The social impacts (access disruptions) due to construction activities are unavoidable, as the residential and commercial establishments exist along the roads where sewers will be laid. A resettlement plan has also been developed in accordance with ADB SPS 2009 and Government of India laws and regulations.

The subproject area is an urban area and there are no protected or sensitive environmental areas such as forests, wildlife sanctuaries or archeologically protected areas.. The proposed project will optimally utilize the groundwater sources. Due to nature of components, the existing infrastructure components do not fall under the ambit of any environmental related regulations, and therefore there is no requirement of permissions or clearances. No. AC pipes are there in the existing facilities which may create hazardous conditions for the workers and surrounding community.

. None of the project components are falling within protected or forest areas and no wildlife has been reported within the proposed service area. There are no eco-sensitive or protected areas within proposed project activity areas of Package 1 comprising part of Municipal ward number 85 (Mothorowala). The closest protected area is Rajaji National Park situated at a distance of 480 meters and Lachhhiwal forest range is about 420m on the eastern side of the STP location. As per the Eco-sensitive zone boundary of Rajaji National Park issued vide Notification S.O.2031(E). dated 21st May, 2018 no project components of Banjarawala Package 1 falls within the boundary of eco-sensitive zone The proposed STP site is about 210m from Eco-sensitive zone boundary. The STP site is located in a developing area and is surrounded by scattered settlements in all directions except in the eastern side where Bindal River is flowing. The project area comprises semi urban and habitation areas, with agricultural

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as well as vacant barren lands. Therefore, there are no direct risks or impacts on biodiversity and natural resources.

Another protected area, the New Forest Campus is within 10 km radial distance from the

proposed STP site at Daudwala. This is based on the screening conducted using the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT). Other key biodiversity areas, Asan Barrage, Binog Sanctuary- Bhadraj- Jharipani, Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary and Simbalbara National Park, are found within 50 km radial distance (Appendix 8). Therefore, the project will pose no risk or impact on biodiversity and natural resources. The subproject components also do not fall within the ambit of Doon Valley Notification.

Currently, there is no sewerage system provided in the subproject area which is around

176 Hectare (Ha) comprising of pat of municipal ward no. 85. The waste water from kitchens & bathrooms is discharged into storm water drains culminating finally to the drain/river or on ground, which pollutes the environment and contaminates the ground/surface water. Open defecation is not uncommon. Most of the residential and commercial buildings and educational institutions have on-site septic tanks and soak pits. Though septic tanks is an accepted onsite treatment, as the septic tanks are not designed and maintained properly, the effluent does not confirm to the standards. The effluent from the septic tanks is directly let into the open drains..

The proposed water supply service area under this package 1 is part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala). Currently, there is existing water supply in the area but its pipeline network (CI, GI and PVC) is more than 25 years old with the average supply level of around 110 lpcd for 4 to 6 hours per day, not meeting the performance standard. The source of existing water supply system is ground water and is being extracted through two tube wells. No Asbestos Cement (AC) pipes are there in the existing facilities which may create hazardous conditions for the workers and surrounding community.

The storm water collection network has been planned to collect the storm runoff from the contributing catchments and will be finally discharged into River Bindal and nearby water bodies. New drains are proposed along the existing natural nala/drain considering the topography of the area and storm water drains to be constructed on side of existing government roads therefore no land acquisition issue observed.

In the absence of adequate supply of potable water, safe disposal system of sewage and planned drainage system as mentioned above, the people of sub project areas of Dehradun are facing unhealthy and unhygienic environment therefore, public representatives are also demanding facilities of safe and improved water and sewerage system along with drainage system on priority basis.

it is proposed to continue the groundwater as source of water supply. Installation of one deep tubewells with 1500 liters per minute (lpm) capacity at Nai Basti is proposed to accommodate growing population demand in the area. Per capita water supply rate of 135 liters per day (LPD) is considered as per the CPHEEO norms. Based on the projection of population increase the water demand of the area is estimated as 0.76 MLD (base year 2021), 1.40 MLD (intermediate year 2036) and 2.03 MLD (ultimate design year 2051. The present service area i.e Banjarwala Package 1 falls in the Raipur block of Dehradhun district which is categorized as SAFE as per the categorization adopted by the CGWB and leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses. Groundwater

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quality is fit for drinking as per Indian Standards for Drinking Water (IS:10500, 2012) therefore, only disinfection treatment in form of chlorination is proposed prior to supply.

The tube well and the OHT will be constructed on a vacant land at Nai Basti under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam (DNN). The land parcel identified for construction of tube well and OHT is vacant and free of encumbrances. It is away from houses, shops or any other premises used by people, thus establishing a buffer to reduce the effects of noise, dust and the visual appearance of the site. Only shrubs and bushes are present at proposed site and therefore, no tree cutting will be required during construction as per preliminary design. No wildlife is reported at from the sites.

One STP of capacity 11 MLD based on sequential batch reactor (SBR) process. will be constructed at Indrapuri Farm, Daudwala of Mothrowala ward under Banjarawala Package 1. The sewage from all three packages (Package 1, 2 & 3) comprising part of ward numbers 83, 84 and 85, will be carried to this STP for treatment. The STP location is chosen taking into consideration of the travel time of sewage to trunk mains, maximum sewerage area, and land availability and reasonable distance to water bodies for ease of disposal of treated effluent. Based on the projection of population increase it has been estimated that the contributing area of Banjarawala Package 1, 2 and 3 will have 4.42 million liters per day (MLD), 7.61 MLD & 10.80 MLD of wastewater during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively. it has been estimated based on the projection of population increase, that the contributing area of Package 1,(part of ward 85) will have 0.53 million liters per day (MLD), 0.97 MLD & 1.41 MLD of wastewater during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively.

Fecal Sludge Septage Management (FSSM) system will be provided to collect fecal sludge and septage in low lying and/or low dense areas of Banjarawala Package 1 e.g. Dudhadevi ,Ramagarh Colony, Sai Colony, Sainik Colony, New Basti that are not techno-economically feasible to connect to sewerage system. The collected Septage from Banjarawala (Package-1, 2 & 3) will be transported to 68 MLD Kargi STP which is equipped with septage co-treatment facility. At present, the Kargi STP is under utilized receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). Based on the projection of population increase, it has been estimated that the contributing areas (part of wards 83,84 and 85) will generate septage of 1.77 kilo liters per day (KLD), 3.13 KLD & 4.75 KLD during the base (2021), intermediate (2036) & ultimate (2051) years respectively. It is estimated that contributing area of Package 3 (part of ward nos. 83 and 84) will have 0.85 KLD, 1.42 KLD & 2.0 KLD of septage during the base, Intermediate & ultimate years respectively. The location and number of proposed septic tanks and soak pits will be decided during the detailed engineering design based on the results of topography surveys and consumer survey depending upon the households and population in the area during SIP by the contractor. Specific septic tank locations should be selected based on careful consideration on possible contamination of groundwater and surface water sources, odors, and other possible negative impacts on the environment and the relevant communities.

A total land area of the STP is 1.19 ha owned by Nagar Nigam Dehradun (Dehradun Municipal Corporation). The two identified land parcels are categorised as barren land (Khasra nos. 1926 and 1927) for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant while another vacant land parcel categorised as river land (Khasra no 2050) will be left as it is and no construction work will be carried out in that river land parcel. One narrow drainage channel running north to south, originating from Bindal River around 1.5 km upstream of the proposed STP site (near Bharuwala colony), is passing through the STP land parcels. Dehradun experiences high intensity rains /flash floods during monsoon, any alteration to drainage will have serious

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implications, and may flood the surrounding areas and STP site. Therefore, no diversion of natural channel is advisable. It is suggested to keep the natural drainage channel undisturbed

and allow it to flow in its own natural course. Accordingly STP has been planned to limit all the components to one side of the drain/stream.

Proposed STP site is located close to Bindal river (about 67m). Historic Google Earth

imagery indicates the Bindal River has been found shifting its course and the proposed location of the STP on the edge of formally active functional floodplain and therefore the detailed design must provide adequate flood protection measures.

There exist some households (scattered) near to the proposed STP boundary (five houses in less than 50m.distance and three between 50 and 100m distance) from the STP boundary. Therefore, most odorous units such as inlet/raw water sump, and sludge management area are proposed to be kept away from the nearby houses in the preliminary design., Mitigation measures such as green buffer zone of 10m wide all around the STP with local varieties of trees in multi-rows will be provided which will act as a barrier and visual screen around the facility and will improve the aesthetic appearance. Treated wastewater shall be used for plantation. Odor sensitive design and standby power arrangements are suggested to safeguard the health and safety of the nearby community. The proposed treatment technology, SBR, being an aerobic process and conducted in a compact and a closed system with automated operation; odour nuisance will be very minimal and negligible. Odour modeling will be conducted during the detailed design, and any measures that may be required will be undertaken as part of the implementation.

It is proposed to design the STPs to stringent discharge standards suggested by CPCB in 2015 and order of National Green Tribunal (NGT) dated 30th April, 2019. The stringent standards also facilitate maximum utilization of treated wastewater for reuse in various purposes following guidelines of Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO).

A portion of the treated effluent shall be collected in the 375Kl capacity of treated effluent

storage tank by gravity. The treated effluent can be used for gardening, cleaning, sewer manholes flushing and other purposes within plant premises. In order to safeguard the interest of users of treated effluent, it is proposed to apply technology/process to achieve very low biological oxygen demand (BOD) - BOD10, and suspended solids (SS) in the treated effluent. The excess/unused treated effluent after reuse will be discharged to adjoining drainage channel after meeting the stipulated discharge standards. This drain ultimately meets with Bindal River at a distance of about 500m downstream from the proposed STP location by gravity. Considering the existing status of drainage channel and Bindal River and the degree of treatment, no significant impacts are envisaged.

Because of its high content of nitrates, phosphates and other plant nutrients the sludge will be used as organic fertilizer after adequate treatment and drying processes for a period of fifteen days. Any remaining can be disposed to a Government owned landfill site at Shishambada site located in about 28 km away from proposed STP. A sludge and treated effluent reuse plan will be developed and implemented by the Contractor in consultation with the Municipality authorities.as per guidelines of CPHEEO.

In the entire project area, 28 km new water pipelines (ductile iron pipe Class K7 (DI-K7) of diameter varying from 100mm to 350mm and rising main of 180m length of DI-K9 pipes with

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diameter of 150mm) will be laid (at a depth of 1m depending on topography) and 960 numbers new house service connections will be provided from the newly laid main. If the existing water pipes are in the same lining of new water supply pipes, a contractor through a detailed survey will establish the requirement of old pipes removal for giving way to new pipelines. Those pipes shall be removed and disposed in a controlled manner so as not to harm the environment. No AC pipe is in the existing system.

The subproject will also install a total of around 12 km sewer pipes (at a depth of 1 to 6m

as per topography), including 10 km of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe of diameter 225 mm and around 2 km of DI-K7 pipe of 700 mm diameter. The wastewater collection system will mainly rely on gravity pipes and will discharge into the STP. A total of 574 manholes including including 361 brick masonry circular manholes;166 in-situ RCC circular manholes; and around 47 precast RCC manholes on the assessment of subsoil condition and traffic loads will be installed. The manholes will be constructed at an interval of 25 m distance well within the ROW of government roads along the sewer network. Sewer house service connection up to property chambers are proposed for 900 (during operation and maintenance period) houses in the targeted zone that will be connected to the sewer system in the newly added wards under Dehradun Nagar Nigam

Water pipes and sewer line works covering almost entire sub-project area will be constructed along public roads in the semi-urban areas congested with people, activities and traffic and subproject is likely to have significant impacts during construction. Impacts mainly arise from the construction dust and noise; from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic by the construction work, safety risk to workers, public and nearby buildings due to deep trench excavations, especially in narrow roads, dust, access impediment to houses and business, disposal of large quantities of construction waste, etc. These are all general impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods of mitigation that are suggested in the EMP. In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method.

Storm water drains with precast RCC cover will be constructed of total length 7 km on both sides of the existing roads. Drains will be constructed within RoW of public roads under the ownership of Dehradun Nagar Nigam; it is proposed to be constructed on the secondary municipal roads where there are no involuntary resettlement impacts assessed. Construction of drains are part of the road reconstruction work, making the sides of road in slope to accommodate rain flowing down to the existing drainage systems. The stormwater drains will be constructed after laying of water supply and sewer pipelines. The discharge from stormwater drains is proposed at 06 outfall locations, for Banjarawala Package 1. The outfalls are proposed into Bindal River. The Bindal river in turn joins River Ganga.

As a part of climate adaptation measures groundwater recharge pits and rainwater

harvesting structures will be developed and installed in the Banjarawala Package 1 project area. A total of 10 groundwater recharge pits along the primary and secondary existing natural drainage channels will be created. For Banjarawala package 1, two rainwater harvesting structures have been proposed to be constructed, one at a public park on the Mothrowala road and other near the STP location. Artificial recharge is substantially beneficial, as this will help store the surplus rainwater in the form of ground water and in turn arrest the decline of water level and degradation of the quality. All the same it is ecofriendly.

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Except water lines and sewer works, all other construction activities will be confined to the selected sites, and the interference with the general public and community around is minimal. There will be temporary negative impacts, arising mainly from construction dust and noise, hauling of construction material, waste and equipment on local roads (traffic, dust, safety etc.), mining of construction material, occupation health and safety aspects. The sewer system will be designed as a separate sewer system that carries only the domestic/municipal wastewater and will not mix with storm water drainage systems. No industrial wastewater will be allowed into the sewers.

Sewer pipelines will be laid on the same roads along which water supply pipelines will be laid. Sewers will be laid underground in the roads and streets. While water pipes are/will be located on one or either side of the roads, the sewers will be laid in the middle of the road to avoid any disturbing the water pipes. Civil works for laying of both the water supply and sewer pipelines will be done simultaneously to reduce the impact duration. In the areas of water body crossing, main road crossings or deep cuttings (above 6-7 m depth), the sewers (around 1.5 km) will be laid by trenchless method.

During pipe laying works tree cutting is not envisaged as per preliminary design, however If any tree is required to be cut, compensatory tree plantation will be carried out in 1:3 ratio. There are no environmentally, archeologically sensitive or protected areas in the town. There are no structures (either temporary or permanent) or common property resources (CPRs) on the proposed pipe/drain right of way. The pipe laying work will impact few vendors, roadside temporary shops which are anticipated to face temporary income loss during the construction period at Nai-basti, under Mothrowala road

Water pipes and sewer line works covering almost entire sub-project area will be

constructed along public roads in the semi-urban areas congested with people, activities and traffic and subproject is likely to have significant impacts during construction. Impacts mainly arise from the construction dust and noise; from the disturbance of residents, businesses, traffic by the construction work, safety risk to workers, public and nearby buildings due to deep trench excavations, especially in narrow roads, dust, access impediment to houses and business, disposal of large quantities of construction waste, etc. These are all general impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods of mitigation that are suggested in the EMP

Anticipated impacts of sewerage system during operation and maintenance will be related to repair of blocks, overflows and leakages in sewers. Sewers are not 100% watertight and leaks can occur at joints. Faulty section will be exposed and repaired following the same basic procedure as when the sewer was built. Also, sewer pipes require regular maintenance as silt inevitably collects in areas of low flow over time. Necessary equipment for cleaning and removal of blockages in the sewers are included in the project.

Discharge of wastewater and solid waste from households and roadsides may clog the drains in the medium or longer term. This may result to accumulation of putrescible organic materials causing odor nuisance to the community and pollution to the receiving bodies of water in the area. This may also attract vectors of communicable diseases such as pests and rodents in the drainage system that could affect public health. Mitigation measures includes : (i) strict instruction or directive to households and commercial establishments not to discharge septic wastes and grey water into the drainage system; (ii) strict promotion and enforcement of good waste management practices at household level; and (iii) regular monitoring and cleaning of the

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silt traps, drains, and siltation or sedimentation chambers (or similar structures) at the outfalls, to prevent entry or accumulation of silt and solid wastes inside these drains and siltation chambers

Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures are implemented, and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on-site and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the PMU. There will also be longer-term surveys to monitor, treatment efficiency of STP (raw and treated sewage quality), sludge at STP. Mitigation and monitoring measures, along with the project agency responsible for such actions, form part of the Environmental Management Plan.

During the design and construction period of 42 months, the contractor will have the responsibility of maintaining the existing water supply levels and provide good quality water to consumers at least for the duration and adequate pressure being maintained presently. Operation and Maintenance of the all project facilities will be carried out by DBO contractor for 5 years and then Dehradun Nagar Nigam directly or through an external operator. In the operational phase, all facilities and infrastructure will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. Improved system operation will comply with the operation and maintenance manual and standard operating procedures to be developed for all the activities.

UUSDA needs to (i) implement regular monitoring of the drainage system in order to ensure that it is functioning well, ensure that all drainage covers are intact and only storm water will be flowing to the drainage channels (ii) undertake regular maintenance activities such as drainage cleaning to ensure that no clogging occurs.

In the project, in a large portion of the project town areas, the septic tank system in individual households is replaced with direct connections to the new sewerage network. The nonuse of the existing septic tanks may result in its failure thereby contaminating the surface and groundwater in the region. Hence, an action plan comprising of pumping the sullage, treating it at the STP and closing the septic tank pit with stones, coarse and fine aggregates shall be developed and implemented during the operation phase.

Stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through face-to-face discussions, on site meetings, and a city level consultation workshop, which was conducted for larger public participation in the project. Views expressed by the stakeholders were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the PMU and ADB websites. The consultation process will be continued during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. The project’s grievance redress mechanism will provide the citizens with a platform for redress their grievances, and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame, and mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) proposed in the project includes mitigation measures for identified impacts, training and capacity building activities, a monitoring plan to ensure that the environmental standards are maintained throughout the project construction period and a reporting plan to ensure that the project is implemented as per environmentally

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sound engineering and construction practices. The total estimated cost for implementing the EMP is approximately 11,101,000/= (eleven million one hundred one thousand only).. A CRVA study is being done for the project and its recommendations shall be included in the updated IEE.

The IEE and EMP will be included in the bid and contract documents to ensure

compliance with the conditions set out in this document. The contractor will be required to submit to PIU, for review and approval, an updated EMP / site environmental management plan (SEMP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; and (iii) monitoring program as per EMP.

The EMP will assist the PMU, PIU, consultants and contractors in mitigating the

environmental impacts, and guide them in the environmentally sound execution of the proposed project. The EMP will also ensure efficient lines of communication between PIU/ULB, PMU, consultants and contractor. A copy of the EMP shall be kept on-site during the construction period at all times. The EMP shall be made binding on all contractors operating on the site, and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document shall constitute a failure in compliance. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEMP. A copy of the EMP/approved SEMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times/

The sub-project will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of water supply, sewerage and storm water drainage systems and community livability in the service area comprising part of ward 85 (Mothorowala) located in the southern part Dehradun city. The benefits arising from this subproject include: (i) better public health particularly reduction in waterborne and infectious diseases; (iv) reduced risk of groundwater contamination; (v) reduced risk of contamination of treated water supplies; and, (vi) improvement in quality of water quality due to avoidance of disposal of untreated effluent. Improved sewerage and drainage systems will also significantly reduce the incidence of waste water accumulation in the subproject area and hence reduce health risks to the citizens and improve the visual quality and landscape character of the area. The successful implementation of the water supply project will result in better control over the NRW management, improved monitoring system and overall demand management along with energy reduction.

The potential adverse environmental impacts are mainly related to the construction period, which can be minimized by the mitigation measures and environmentally sound engineering and construction practices. Therefore, as per ADB SPS, the project is classified as environmental Category B and does not require further environmental impact assessment. However, to conform to government guidelines STP requires consent to establishment (CTE) and consent to operate (CTO) from the Uttarakhand Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board. CTE will be obtained prior to construction, as the detailed designs will be undertaken by the contractor.

This IEE shall be updated by PMU during the detailed design phase to reflect any changes, amendments and will be reviewed and approved by ADB.

Recommendations. The following are recommendations applicable to the subproject to

ensure no significant impacts:

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(i) Works can not start until (i) IEE is updated and approved by ADB during detailed design, (ii) SEMP is prepared by contractor and approved by PIU/PMU, (iii) COVID19 health and safety plan as part of overall H&S plan is prepared by contractor and approved by PMU, (iv) GRM is established and operataionlized

(ii) During the detailed design, the contractor will conduct confirmatory site-specific groundwater studies/surveys, and confirm the sustainability of proposed tube well sources

(iii) No objection certificate (NOC) from CGWB for groundwater withdrawal shall be obtained by the UUSDA before award of contract/before start of construction. Recommendations, if any, of CGWB shall be included in the EMP and will be implemented.

(iv) Obtain all other statutory clearances and NOCs at the earliest time possible and include them in the IEE report before award of contract / before start of construction and ensure conditions/provisions are incorporated in the detailed design; ;

(v) Include this IEE in bid and contract documents; (vi) Ensure that the project sites are cleared of solid waste and other nuisance

materials disposed in designated disposal sites per Solid Waste Management Rules 2016;

(vii) Ensure that sludge management protocols are compliant with environmental regulations (Solid Waste Management Rules 2016) and solid waste disposal should have a designated site (dumping on vacant lot is not allowed);

(viii) Update/revise this IEE based on detailed design and/or if there are unanticipated impacts, change in scope, alignment, or location;

(ix) Update and implement the recommendations from the biodiversity assessment report

(x) Conduct safeguards induction to the contractor upon award of contract; (xi) Strictly supervise EMP implementation; (xii) Ensure contractor appointed qualified EHS officers prior to start of works (xiii) Documentation and reporting on a regular basis as indicated in the IEE; (xiv) Continuous consultations with stakeholders; (xv) Timely disclosure of information and establishment of grievance redressal

mechanism (GRM); (xvi) Involvement of contractors, including subcontractors, in first-level GRM; (xvii) The contractor should comply with relevant government regulations and guidelines

on COVID-19 prevention and control, and/or with international good practice guidelines such as WHO’s Interim Guidance regarding Considerations for Implementing and Adjusting Public Health and Social Measures in the Context of COVID-19 (2020) and on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waste Management for the COVID19 virus (Appendix 16), and the ADB’s Interim Advisory Note on Protecting the Safety and Well-Being of Workers and Communities from COVID-19 (2020) (Appendix 26) and other relevant guidelines/references in its Annex.

(xviii) Commitment from PMU, PIUs, project consultants, and contractors to protect the environment and the people from any impact during project implementation.

Key reminders for the PMU, PIUs, contractors, and workers to comply with the following

occupational health and safety measures for COVID 19 OHS Plan:

(i) Ensure project staff, consultants, contractors, and workers have in their mobile

devices the Aarogya Setu App, which is a mobile application developed and recommended by the government to proactively reach out to and inform the

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users of the app regarding risks, best practices and relevant advisories pertaining to the containment of COVID-19;

(ii) Mandatory isolation of the personnel or workers, either asymptomatic or showing symptoms, who have had direct contact with anyone tested positive for COVID-19. Follow the isolation procedures issued by the government;

(iii) Proper disposal of used PPE following guidelines and procedures issued by the government;

(iv) Conduct daily briefing on the developments of COVID-19 in the state or country, either through emails, meetings or daily toolbox talks;

(v) When possible, allow work from home arrangement based on the nature of jobs; (vi) If necessary, pick up and drop off facility be extended to staff (based on the

distance of the staff residence from office and on availability of safe mode of transport);

(vii) Avoid face to face meetings – critical situations requiring in-person discussion must follow social distancing. Do not convene in-person meetings of more than 10 people;

(viii) If possible, conduct all meetings via conference calls. Recommend use of cell phones, texting, web meeting sites and conference calls for project discussions;

(ix) Contractor to help its workers arrange a systematic procurement of all daily needs and groceries at worksites. This will avoid each and every worker going to shops for these daily needs;

(x) Contractor to arrange for contactless payment of wages to workers, where possible;

(xi) Allow distributed break times for workers to maintain social distancing and reduce contact;

(xii) Remind employees and workers to maintain good health by getting adequate sleep; eating a balanced and healthy diet, avoiding alcohol/smoking; and consuming plenty of fluids; and

(xiii) Remind employees and workers to extend their adherence to the H&S protocols at their respective homes. Infection may happen beyond the borders of offices and work sites.

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Sewerage Treatment

Instructions:

The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be

attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division

(RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately

considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use

the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Country/Project Title: India/Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project: Sewerage Works Subproject at Banjarawala-Package-1, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

A. Project Siting

Is the project area

Densely populated? The proposed Package 1subproject area (part of

ward number 85 of Mothorowala is an urban area.

Subproject activities extend to the entire town

including the densely populated areas. No major negative impacts envisaged, because pipelines will

be installed in ROW of the existing Govt.roads

and can be constructed without causing disturbance to houses, and commercial

establishments. STP, will be constructed in vacant

unused government lands.

Heavy with development activities? Targeted service area consisting of part of ward nos 85 (Mothrowala) located in the southern part of Dehradun city. These are newly added municipal areas w h e r e urban expansion is considerable

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive

areas?

There are no protected or sensitive environmental

areas such as forests, wildlife sanctuaries or

archeologically protected areas within proposed project activity areas.. Therefore, there are no

direct risks or impacts on biodiversity and natural

resources. The nearest environmentally sensitive

area is Rajaji National Park (480 m from the STP site). The proposed STP site is about 210 m from

Rajaji Eco-sensitive zone boundary. The buffer

area boundary of Lacchiwala Forest Range Is situated at a distance of about 420 m towards east

of the proposed STP location

Cultural heritage site

Protected Area

Wetland

Urban Development

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Mangrove

256



Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project Cause…

Impairment of historical/ cultural

monuments/areas and loss/damage to these

sites?

√ Not applicable.

Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring

areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

√ Anticipated during construction and

operations but can be avoided and

mitigated.One STP of 11 MLD capacity will be

constructed in Indrapuri Farm, at Daudwala. It

has been proposed that sewage collected from

Package 2 and 3 will be carried to proposed

STP in Daudwala . During construction, sewers will be laid

underground and may interfere temporarily with

access and other utilities. Coordination with the

concerned agencies will be conducted in

finalizing alignment and shifting of utilities, if

necessary

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of

people

√ Not anticipated Project does not involve any

land acquisition. A Resettlement plan will be

prepared if there are any involuntary

resettlement.

During the sewer construction, particularly in

narrow streets and streets with on street commercial activities, there may be temporary

disruption or relocation of hawkers and vendors.

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women

and children, Indigenous Peoples or other

vulnerable groups

√ Not anticipated. Contractors shall prioritize

hiring local labor force. Some of the skilled

workers may be brought from outside but

numbers should not be so large to have impacts on social services

Impairment of downstream water quality due to

inadequate sewage treatment or release of

untreated sewage?

√ Not anticipated.. It is proposed to reuse treated

effluent from the STP proposed to be

constructed under Banjarawala Package 1 in

gardening, agriculture, manhole flushing and

other non-potable uses. The excess / surplus

treated effluent from STP that is not reused will

be discharged into the adjoining drainage channe

which meets Bindal river downstream. The

drainage channe and river remains mostly dry

except during rains, and there are no water intake

points in the immediate downstream. River

carries the untreated wastewater and solid

wastes from the town. Hence No impacts

envisaged

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Overflows and flooding of neighbouring

properties with raw sewage?

√ Not anticipated. Risks, climate change factors

and forecasted demands are considered in the

design and capacity of the sewerage systems.

Environmental pollution due to inadequate

sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges

illegally disposed in sewers?

√ Not anticipated. STP design includes sludge

collection, handling, treatment and disposal.

Standards are provided for the use of sludge as

manure. Sewerage system design ensure no

industrial effluent will be allowed into the

network.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other

civil works?

√ Anticipated but temporary, site-specific and

can be mitigated. Blasting for underground

works is prohibited in UUSDA works. Nuisance or

disturbance due to noise may be experienced but

minimized with mitigation measures specified in

the EMPs. Scheduling of works and prior

information with the affected people will be

conducted.

Risks and vulnerabilities related to

occupational health and safety due to physical,

chemical, and biological hazards during project construction and operation?


can be mitigated. EMPs and contract provisions

include requirements for an Occupational Health

and Safety (OHS) plan. The contractor’s OHS

plan shall be

reviewed and cleared by the PIU prior to

commencement of works

Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers,

resulting in damage to sewer system and

danger to workers?

√ Not anticipated. This sewerage system

will cater only to municipal wastewater, no

Industrial wastewater discharge is allowed into the sewerage system.

Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and

treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

√ Not anticipated. STP will be isolated through

boundary wall and to avoid nuisances mitigation

measures such as dense tree buffer zone,

odor sensitive design, pumps covered with

insulators and standby power arrangements

(green generator) are suggested to safeguard

the health and safety of the nearby community.

At STP, proposed SBR technology is

advanced, treats sewage in a compact aerobic

process, therefore issue due to bad odor is

minimal.

Road blocking and temporary flooding due to

land excavation during the rainy season?


can be mitigated Road blocking for pipe laying

works may be required and mitigation measures

are required as per IEE/EMP. Underground

construction works (sewer laying, foundations)

should be carried out in non-monsoon period to

avoid Flooding.

258



Noise and dust from construction activities? √ Anticipated during construction but

temporary, site-specific and can be

mitigated. No major noise-generating activities

like rock blasting are anticipated. As the

sewers will be laid on the road surface, cutting

open of road surface using pneumatic drills will

produce noise and dust. Temporary

nuisance/disturbance due to noise and dust

may be experienced by sensitive receptors.

These impacts will be minimized with mitigation

measures specified in the EMPs. During

operations, noise may be experienced by

sensitive receptors due to STP operations. This

impact will be avoided by including noise

barriers and enclosure of noise-producing

components. Scheduling of works appropriately

and prior information to the affected people will

minimize the impact. Dust generation will be

controlled through water sprinkling, immediate

transportation of excess soil, covered transport

system

etc.

Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

√ Anticipated during construction but


mitigated. Linear activities like sewer laying

along the roads is likely to disrupt traffic.

Vehicle movement for construction purpose will

increase the traffic. Identification of alternate

routes, allowing limited - at least one-way traffic,

prior information about the works and

alternative arrangements, providing

information/sign boards etc. will reduce the

impact.

Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ Anticipated during construction but temporary,

site-specific and can be mitigated. EMPs and

contract provisions include requirement for

contractors to provide silt control measures

Hazards to public health due to overflow

flooding, and groundwater pollution due to

failure of sewerage system?

√ Not anticipated. Sewerage system will be

designed with applicable standards. Adequately

trained staff and necessary equipment will be in

place for regular operation and maintenance of

the system. Proposed treatment system will be

efficient and appropriate repair and

maintenance procedure will be developed.

Sufficient funds for operation will be ensured.

Backup power supply system is part of project.

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Deterioration of water quality due to

inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge

of untreated sewage water?


handling and treatment facilities to as per

statutory standards.

Inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water may have impact on

environment therefore adequate measure of sludge disposal and prohibit discharge of

untreated sewage should be taken

Contamination of surface and ground waters

due to sludge disposal on land?


handling and treatment facilities to as per

statutory standards.

O&M manual includes testing procedures and acceptable parameters for disposal in river

Health and safety hazards to workers from

toxic gases and hazardous materials which

may be contained in sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in untreated sewage

and unstabilized sludge?

√ Anticipated during construction but


mitigated. Workers may be exposed during

cleaning of blockages in sewerage network.

However, O&M Manuals will include standard

operating procedures. All necessary health and

safety training and personal protection

equipment will be given to workers and staff

during operation of sewerage system.

Implementation of contractors’ H&S will be

strictly enforced by the PIUs.

Large population increase during project

construction and operation that causes

increased burden on social infrastructure (such

as sanitation system)?

✓ Not anticipated. Most of the unskilled workers

will be hired from local labor force. Some skilled

workers may be brought from outside, but

numbers will not be so large to have impacts on social infrastructure

Social conflicts between construction workers

from other areas and community workers?

✓ Not anticipated. Most of the unskilled workers

will be hired from local labor force. Some skilled

workers may be brought from outside, but

numbers will not be so large to have impacts on

social infrastructure. No conflicts envisaged.

Risks to community health and safety due to

the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal

of materials such as explosives, fuel and other

chemicals during construction and operation?

✓ Anticipated but temporary, site-specific and

can be mitigated. Construction will not involve

use of explosives and chemicals. During

operations, chemicals such as pH adjusters,

flocculants, or coagulants may be used. The

complete list of chemicals, quantities, and

requirements for safe use and storage will be

included in the final IEE The EMPs in the

current IEEs already include measures and

monitoring requirements conforming to IFC

EHS Guidelines. O&M Manuals will include

health and safety requirements for managing

chemicals

260



Community safety risks due to both accidental

and natural hazards, especially where the

structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the

affected community or where their failure could

result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and

decommissioning?

✓ Anticipated but temporary, site-specific and

can be mitigated. Work area will be clearly

demarcated with security access for the

workers and project-concerned members only.

Community health and safety risks are present

during construction such as risks from

excavations for pipe laying, equipment and

vehicle operations which should be identified

and implemented in the site-specific EMPs

261

Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: India/Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project: Sewerage Works Subproject at Banjarawala-Package-1, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Sector: Urban Development

Subsector: Waste Water

Division/Department: SARD/SAUW

Item Screening Questions Score Remarksa

Location

and Design of

project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its

components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related

events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

1 The subproject components are located in the southern periphery of Dehradun city , comprising part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala).

Dehradun is most vulnerable to climate mediated risks. Mountainous regions are

vulnerable to climate

change and have shown

“above average warming” in

the 20th century..

Impacts are expected

to range from reduced

genetic diversity of species to

erratic rainfall leading to flash

floods to glacial melt in the

Himalayas leading to

increased flooding that will

affect water

resources within the next few

decades.

The area is earthquake

prone and falls in a region of

high to very high seismic

hazard.

Adequate measures will be

included in the designs to

Safeguard facilities from

extreme events.

The detailed engineering

aspects will be

undertaken by contractor

with the competent

authority’s approval.

No such issue may affect the Project

262


a If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges)

need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters

(e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)?

0 No such issue

may affect the

project

Materials Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions 0 No such issues

and (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast

may affect the project

Maintenance between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure

to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters

likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of

Project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, 0 No such issue and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance may affect the (Scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? project

Performance

of project

outputs

Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme

events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power

production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power

generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

0 Weather conditions may disrupt regular

operations of

sewage treatment plants. Moreover,

components require continuous

power to operate that may be

affected by low Precipitation conditions.

Back-up powers (such as solar

panels) may be

provided in cases of such extreme event. No problem will be envisaged in future

which likely affect

the performance of project output

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

263

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk

project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2

was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk

category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all

responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium Risk Category

Other Comments: The proposed subproject activities involves construction STP/

TSPS and sewer networks are proposed . The anticipated environmental impacts

are very marginal and the construction activity does not impose any threat to the

existing climatic condition

264


Appendix 2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions: This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks

Water Supply

A. Project Siting Is the project area

Densely populated? The proposed Package 1subproject area (part of ward number 85 of Mothorowala is an urban area. The water supply service area under this package is part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala) located in the southern periphery of Dehradun, including the densely populated areas. There are no major negative impacts envisaged, because Tube wells /OHTs are proposed in the unused vacant Govt. land.The water supply pipeline will be installed within the ROW of existing roads and can be constructed without causing disturbance to houses, and commercial establishments.

Heavy with development activities? Targeted service area consisting part of ward nos 85 (Mothrowala) located in the southern part of Dehradun city. These are newly added municipal areas w h e r e urban expansion is considerable. Banjarwala area of Dehradun city is fast developing area; urban expansion is considerable

WATER SUPPLY

India/Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project: Water supply Sub-project at Banjarawala-Package-1, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Urban Development

265

Adjacent to or within, any environmentally sensitive areas?

The water supply subproject corridor is not within or adjacent to any environmentally sensitive area. There are no protected or sensitive environmental areas such as forests, wildlife sanctuaries or archeologically protected areas within proposed project activity areas. Therefore, there are no risks or impacts on biodiversity and natural resources. The nearest environmentally sensitive area is Rajaji National Park (480 m from the STP site). The proposed STP site is about 210 m from Rajaji Eco-sensitive zone boundary. The buffer area boundary of Lacchiwala Forest Range Is situated at a distance of about 420 m towards east of the proposed STP location

Cultural heritage site

Protected Area

Wetland

Mangrove

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area

Special area for protecting biodiversity

Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

Pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?

Not anticipated There is no pollution risk for existing resources as underground water shall be utilized for water supply

Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

Not anticipated There are no such notified sites within project area

Hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?

Not anticipated The entire Dehradhun district including Raipur block in which Tube wells are proposed falls in “Safe category” by CGWB. for groundwater development. Safe’ area in terms of categorisation leaving a large scope for further development of the resource for domestic, industrial, agricultural and other uses.

Social conflicts arising from displacement of communities?

Not anticipated Project does not involve any

land acquisition. A Resettlement plan will be

prepared if there are any involuntary

resettlement.

During water supply pipe laying, particularly in narrow streets and streets with busy commercial activities, there may be temporary disruption or relocation of hawkers and vendors. and these will be addressed through specific measures in the EMP.

266


Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?

Not Anticipated. Surface water will not be used. Only ground water source will be used. Here one new tube well are proposed for water supply project, therefore no conflicts may arise for ground water uses. The demand supply gap is to be met through reduction of losses in distribution system by introducing SCADA system.

Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?

Ground water shall be used as water source and mineral constituents are required to be checked before supplying to consumers. Raw water will be disinfected with chlorine prior to distribution. Water quality will be required to meet the Indian Standards for Drinking Water/IFC EHS Guideline (most stringent)

Delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?

Raw water will be treated prior to distribution. Unsafe water may be delivered if efficient maintenance of water supply distribution system is not done during operation phase

Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?

No intake works are proposed

Over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?

Not Anticipated. Only required and sanctioned water will be extracted from tube wells. Groundwater extraction shall be limited to the sustainable levels as indicated in the permits provided by the CGWB and whole district falls in safe category.

Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?

Excessive algal growth may occur if storage reservoirs are not maintained regularly. Treated and disinfected water will be stored in the OHTs which are covered, so the problem will be minimal. Regular cleaning during operation will mitigate the problem.

Increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?

Not Anticipated Sewerage system is also improved and augmented to adequate capacity including treatment under the project.

Inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?

Subproject does not include Water Treatment Plants

Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?

Not Anticipated The pumps will be installed within a building so chances of noise level spreading to outside premises are not anticipated. Low noise pumps and machineries are propose in pumping stations. Adequate buffer and protection will also be ensured. No WTP is proposed

Impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?

Temporary impairments may be anticipated along the new transmission line routes and access roads during construction stage but it will be mitigated by taking proper precaution measures

267

Health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.

Liquid chlorine has been proposed to be used for disinfection of water. Proper facility for storing and handling of chlorine shall be maintained all around to avoid such hazards and all safety precautions will be provided. Contractor has to take precautions in handling and usage of chlorine to avoid any health hazard, no other hazardous chemicals are expected to be used during construction works

health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?

Contractor has to take precautions in handling and usage of chlorine to avoid any health hazard. Only Trained operator will operate the chlorination system. Proper precautionary measures will be taken during handling of chlorine

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

Not Anticipated Subproject does not involve land acquisition or displacement. All works are proposed in Govt. lands therefore dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people are not anticipated. However, there may be temporary disturbance to business and squatters/vendors during construction. Appropriate measures will be suggested to mitigate the impact.

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

No such impact is envisaged

Noise and dust from construction activities?

Noise and dust risk will be envisaged during construction works. All the construction machineries employed will comply with noise emission standards of Central Pollution Control Board. Dust suppression measures such as water sprinkling will be employed

Increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities?

Excavation and laying pipelines along public roads will interfere with the traffic. Construction material transport will increase traffic within city. Proper traffic management and construction planning will be ensured to minimize the interference

Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?

Work will mostly be conducted in dry season mostly; Construction work during monsoon shall be carried out with due care so that silt run off due to construction operation is prevented. No construction will be allowed during rains however, adequate mitigation measures will be included in SEMP.

268


Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?

WTP is not proposed in the project, only ground water shall be used after adequate chlorination. Trained and skilled staff will be deployed during O&M period. Water sample testing and timely monitoring are proposed to ensure the quality of treated water prior delivery to the consumers. The drinking water quality parameters and acceptable levels are included in the contract.

Delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?

Not envisaged. Non corrosive materials pipe

will be used for distribution networks. DI pipes will be used for distribution system and are non-corrosive in nature. Also, Treated water will be tested prior distribution.

Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? Accidental leakage of chlorine gas may take place during chlorination. Utmost care should be taken

Excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?

Not Anticipated .Water for the project is proposed only ground water as source

Competing uses of water? Not applicable. only ground water shall be used for water supply services

Increased sewage flow due to increased water supply

Development of sewerage system is also proposed under the same package keeping in mind 135 lpcd water demand for whole town.

large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

Not Anticipated Most of the unskilled workers will be hired locally, some of skilled workers will be brought from outside but numbers will not so large to have impacts on social infrastructure and services

Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

Outside workers will remain in labor camps and no social conflicts will envisaged.

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

Not Anticipated No explosives shall be used in project. Fuel and other chemicals will be used in very less quantities which will not have significant impact on community health and safety. Safe handling of fuels and chemicals will be ensured by contractor.

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Not Anticipated Anticipated but temporary, site-specific and can be mitigated. Only worker and project concerned members will be allowed to visit the operational sites. Community health and safety risks are present during construction such as risks from excavations for pipe laying, equipment and vehicle operations which should be identified and mitigation measures to be adopted by the contractor to incorporate in the site-specific EMPs.

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A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: India/Uttarakhand Integrated and Resilient Urban Development Project: Water supply Sub-project at Banjarawala-Package-1, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Sector: Urban Development Subsector: Water Supply Division/Department: SARD/SAUW

Screening Questions Score Remarks43

Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

1 The water supply subproject components are located in the southern periphery of Dehradun city , comprising part of ward number 85 (Mothrowala).

Dehradun is most vulnerable to climate mediated risks. Mountainous regions are vulnerable

to climate change

and have shown “above average

warming” in the 20th century..

Impacts are expected to

range from reduced genetic

diversity of species to erratic rainfall

leading to flash floods to glacial

melt in the Himalayas leading to

increased flooding that will affect

water resources

within the next few decades.

The area is earthquake prone and

falls in a region of high to very high

seismic hazard.

Adequate measures will be included

in the designs to Safeguard

facilities from extreme events.

The detailed engineering aspects

will be undertaken by

contractor with the competent

authority’s approval.

No such issue may affect the Project

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind

0 No such issue may affect the project

43 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

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speed etc)?

Materials and Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

0 No such issues may affect the project

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ?

0 No such issues may affect the project

Performance of project outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

0 Weather conditions may

disruptregular operation of sewage treatment plants. Moreover,

components require continuous power to operate that may be

affected by low Precipitation conditions.

Back-up powers (such as solar

panels) may be providedin cases of such extreme event. No problem will be envisaged in future which likely affect the

performance of project output

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium risk Other Comments: The proposed subproject activity involves construction of one new Tube well

and one new OHT along with installation of water supply pipelines. The proposed project will

optimally utilize the groundwater sources and the anticipated environmental impacts are very

marginal and the construction activity does not impose any threat to the existing climatic

condition

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Appendix 3: Drinking Water Standards, Surface Water Quality Classification Ambient Air Quality, Vehicle, Diesel Generator Emissions Standards

Table 1: Applicable Drinking Water Quality Standards for ADB funded projects in India

Group National Standards for Drinking Watera WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water

Quality, 4th Edition, 2011b

Applicable Per ADB

SPS c, d Parameter Unit Max.

Concentration Limitsd

Physical Turbidity NTU 1 (5) - 1 (5)

pH 6.5 – 8.5 none 6.5 – 8.5

Color Hazen units

5 (15) none 5 (15)

Taste and Odor

Agreeable - Agreeable

TDS mg/l 500 (2,000) - 500 (2,000)

Iron mg/l 0.3 - 0.3

Manganese mg/l 0.1 (0.3) - 0.1 (0.3)

Arsenic mg/l 0.01 (0.05) 0.01 0.01

Cadmium mg/l 0.003 0.003 0.003

Chromium mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05

Cyanide mg/l 0.05 none 0.05

Fluoride mg/l 1 (1.5) 1.5 1 (1.5)

Lead mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ammonia mg/l 0.5 none established 0.5

Chemical Chloride mg/l 250 (1,000) none established 250 (1,000)

Sulphate mg/l 200 (400) none 200 (400)

Nitrate mg/l 45 50 45

Copper mg/l 0.05 (1.5) 2 0.05 (1.5)

Total Hardness

mg/l 200 (600) - 200 (600)

Calcium mg/l 75 (200) - 75 (200)

Zinc mg/l 5 (15) none established 5 (15)

Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.006 0.001

Aluminum mg/l 0.1 (0.3) none established 0.1 (0.3)

Residual Chlorine

mg/l 0.2 5 0.2

Micro Germs

E-coli MPN/100ml Must not be detectable in any 100 ml sample

Must not be detectable in any 100 ml sample

Must not be detectable in any 100 ml sample

Total Coliform

MPN/100ml

a Bureau of India Standard 10200: 2012. b Health-based guideline values. c Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more

stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS. d Figures in parenthesis are maximum limits allowed in the absence of alternate source.

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Table 2: Surface Water Quality Classification Criteria

Designated-Best-Use Class of

Water

Criteria

Drinking Water Source without conventional

treatment but after disinfection

A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5

Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/L or more

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/L

or les

Outdoor bathing

(Organized)

B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/L or more

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/L or

less

Drinking water source

after conventional treatment and disinfection

C Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be

5000 or less pH between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/L or more

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3 mg/L

or less

Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries

D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/L or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/L or less

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal

E pH between 6.0 to 8.5

Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm

Max. 2250

Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26

Boron Max. 2 mg/L

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

mg/L = milligram per liter, ml = milliliter, MPN = Most Probable Number

Table 3: Ambient Air Quality Standards

Parameter Location a India Ambient

Air Quality

Standard (µg/m3)b

WHO Air Quality

Guidelines (µg/m3)

Applicable Per ADB SPSe

(µg/m3) Global Update c

2005

Second

Edition

2000

PM10 Industrial

Residential, Rural and Other Areas

60 (Annual)

100 (24-hr)

20

(Annual) 50 (24-hr)

- 20 (Annual)

50 (24-hr)

Sensitive Area 60 (Annual)

100 (24-hr)

20

(Annual)

50 (24-hr)

- 20 (Annual)

50 (24-hr)

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Parameter Location a India Ambient Air Quality

WHO Air Quality Guidelines (µg/m3)


PM25 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

40 (Annual)

60 (24-hr)

10

(Annual) 25 (24-hr)

- 10 (Annual)

25 (24-hr)

Sensitive Area 40 (Annual) 60 (24-hr)

10 (Annual)

25 (24-hr)

10 (Annual) 25 (24-hr)

SO2 Industrial Residential,

Rural and Other Areas

50 (Annual)

80 (24-hr)

20 (24-hr)

500 (10- min)

- 50 (Annual)

20 (24-hr) 500 (10-min)


20 (24-hr) 500 (10-

min)

- 20 (Annual) 20 (24-hr)

500 (10-min)

NO2 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

40 (Annual) 80 (24-hr)

40 (Annual)

200 (1-hr)

- 40 (Annual) 80 (24-hr) 200 (1-hr)


40 (Annual)

200 (1-hr)

- 30 (Annual) 80 (24-hr) 200 (1-hr)

CO Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

2,000 (8-hr) 4,000 (1-hr)

- 10,000 (8- hr) 100,000

(15-min)

2,000 (8-hr) 4,000 (1-hr)

100,000 (15- min)

Sensitive Area 2,000 (8-hr) 4,000 (1-hr)

- 10,000 (8- hr)

100,000 (15-min)

2,000 (8-hr) 4,000 (1-hr) 100,000 (15-

min)

Ozone (O3) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

100 (8-hr) 180 (1-hr)

100 (8-hr) 100 (8-hr) 180 (1-hr)

Sensitive Area 100 (8-hr) 180 (1-hr)

100 (8-hr) 100 (8-hr) 180 (1-hr)

Lead (Pb) Industrial,

Residential, Rural and Other Areas

0.5 (Annual)

1.0 (24-hr)

0.5 (Annual) 0.5 (Annual)

1.0 (24-hr)

Sensitive Area 0.5 (Annual) 1.0 (24-hr)

0.5 (Annual) 0.5 (Annual) 1.0 (24-hr)

Ammonia (NH3)

Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

100 (Annual)

400 (24-hr)

100 (Annual)

400 (24-hr)


100 (Annual) 400 (24-hr)

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Parameter Location a India Ambient Air Quality

WHO Air Quality Guidelines (µg/m3)


Benzene (C6H6)


5 (Annual) 5 (Annual)

Sensitive Area 5 (Annual) 5 (Annual)

Benzo(o)py rene (BaP) particulate phase only


0.001 (Annual)

0.001 (Annual)

Sensitive Area 0.001 (Annual)

0.001 (Annual)

Arsenic (As)


0.006

(Annual)

0.006 (Annual)

Sensitive Area 0.006 (Annual)

0.006 (Annual)

Nickel (Ni) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other Areas

0.02 (Annual) 0.02 (Annual)

Sensitive Area 0.02 (Annual) 0.02 (Annual)

a Sensitive area refers to such areas notified by the India Central Government. b Notification by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India Environment

(Protection) Seventh Amendment Rules, 2009 c WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Global update 2005. WHO. 2006 d Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition. WHO 2000. e Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is

more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project

circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for

any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS

Table 4: Vehicle Exhaust Emission Norms

1. Passenger Cars Norms CO( g/km) HC+ NOx(g/km)

1991Norms 14.3-27.1 2.0(Only HC)

1996 Norms 8.68-12.40 3.00-4.36

1998Norms 4.34-6.20 1.50-2.18

India stage 2000 norms 2.72 0.97

Bharat stage-II 2.2 0.5

Bharat Stage-III 2.3 0.35 (combined)

Bharat Stage-IV 1.0 0.18 (combined)

2. Heavy Diesel Vehicles

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Norms CO( g/kmhr) HC (g/kmhr) NOx (g/kmhr) PM(g/kmhr)

1991Norms 14 3.5 18 -

1996 Norms 11.2 2.4 14.4 -

India stage 2000 norms 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36

Bharat stage-II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15

Bharat Stage-III 2.1 1.6 5.0 0.10

Bharat Stage-IV 1.5 0.96 3.5 0.02

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

CO = Carbon Monixide; g/kmhr = grams per kilometer-hour; HC = Hydrocarbons; NOx =

oxides of nitrogen; PM = Particulates Matter

Table 5: Emission limits for New DG sets up to 800 KW

(As per Environment (Protection) (Third Amendment) Rules, 2013)

276


277

Appendix 4: Effluent Discharge Standards for STPs as per National Green Tribunal (NGT) order dated 30.04.2019

Sl. No.

Parameters Parameters Limit

1 pH 5.5-9.0

2 BOD (mg/l) Not more than 10 mg/l

3 COD (mg/l) Not more than 50 mg/l

4 TSS (mg/l) Not more than 20 mg/l

5 P-Total (mg/l)- for discharge into ponds/lakes


6 N-Total (mg/l) Not more than 10 mg/l

7 Fecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) Desirable- Less than 100 MPN/100ml Permissible- 230 MPN/100ml

Note: The standards recommended are applicable to entire country irrespective of Mega and Metropolitan Cities The standards will apply not only for new STPs but also for existing/under construction STPs without any delay

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Appendix 5: Ambient Noise Level Standards

Receptor/

Source

India National

Noise Level

Standardsa

(dBA)

WHO Guidelines Value

For Noise Levels Measured Out of Doorsb

(One Hour LAq in dBA)

Applicable Per ADB

SPSc (dBA)

Day Night 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 Day time Night time

Industrial area 75 70 70 70 70 70

Commercial Area

65 55 70 70 65 55

Residential Area 55 45 55 45 55 45

Silent Zone 50 40 55 45 50 40

a- Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010. b- Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO. 1999 c- Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more

stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS.

Noise Limits for Diesel Generator Sets

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Appendix 6: Extract from Construction and Demolition Management Rules, 2016

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284


286


Appendix 7 : Salient Features of Major Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in

Construction of Civil Works

(i) Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 - The Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment.

(ii) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 - Gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years’ service or more or on death at the rate of 15 days wages for every completed year of service. The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more employees.

(iii) Employees’ PF and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 - The Act provides for monthly contributions by the employer plus workers @10 % or 8.33 %. The benefits payable under the Act are: (a) Pension or family pension on retirement or death as the case may be; (b) Deposit linked insurance on the death in harness of the worker; (c) Payment of PF accumulation on retirement/death etc.

(iv) Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 - The Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage etc.

(v) Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 - The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the Contractor to contract labor and in case the Contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided by the Principal Employer by Law. The principal employer is required to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take a License from the designated Officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of principal employer if they employ 20 or more contract labor.

(vi) Minimum Wages Act, 1948 - The employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by appropriate Government as per provisions of the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Construction of Buildings, Roads and Runways are scheduled employment.

(vii) Payment of Wages Act, 1936 - It lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers.

(viii) Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 - The Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees in the matters of transfers, training and promotions etc.

(ix) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 - The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 20 or more workmen. The Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33 % of wages and maximum of 20 % of wages to employees drawing Rs.3500/- per month or less. The bonus to be paid to employees getting Rs.2500/- per month or above up to Rs.3500/- per month shall be worked out by taking wages as Rs.2500/- per month only. The Act does not apply to certain establishments. The newly set up establishments are exempted for five years in certain circumstances. Some of the State Governments have reduced the employment size from 20 to 10 for the purpose of applicability of the Act.

(x) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - The Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment.

(xi) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946-It is applicable to all establishments employing 100 or more workmen (employment size reduced by some of the States and Central Government to 50). The Act provides for laying down rules governing the

287

conditions of employment by the employer on matters provided in the Act and get the same certified by the designated Authority.

(xii) Trade Unions Act, 1926 - The Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of workmen and employees. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities.

(xiii) Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 - The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labor is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry.

(xiv) Inter-State Migrant Workmen's (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 - The Act is applicable to an establishment which employs 5 or more inter-state migrant workmen through an intermediary (who has recruited workmen in one state for employment in the establishment situated in another state). The inter-state migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc.

(xv) Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016- This Rule stipulate that-

• Every waste generator shall segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit at collection centre or handover it to the authorized processing facilities

• Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains.

• Large generators (who generate more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per project in a month) shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate approvals from the local authority before starting construction or demolition or remodeling work,

• Large generators shall have environment management plan to address the likely environmental issues from construction, demolition, storage, transportation process and disposal / reuse of C & D Waste.

• Large generators shall segregate the waste into four streams such as concrete, soil, steel, wood and plastics, bricks and mortar,

• Large generators shall pay relevant charges for collection, transportation, processing and disposal as notified by the concerned authorities;

(xvi) Solid Waste Management Rules 2016- As per this Rule responsibility of Solid Waste Generator is as below.

• segregate and store the waste generated in three separate streams namely biodegradable, non-biodegradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per the direction or notification by the local authorities from time to time;

• store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016; and

• No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.

(xvii) The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 - All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employ 10 or more workers

are covered under this Act. All such establishments are required to pay Cess at rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of construction as may be notified by the Government. The employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or

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construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc. The employer to whom the Act applies has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer appointed by the Government. Salient features of this Act are given below.

Employer shall-

• Provide and maintain, at suitable point, sufficient quantity of wholesome drinking water, such point shall be at least 6 meters away from any washing areas, urinals or toilets

• Provide sufficient urinals and latrines at convenient place, easily accessible by workers

• Provide free of charge, temporary living accommodations near to work sites with separate cooking place, bathing and lavatory facilities and restore the site as pre conditions after completing the construction works

• Provide crèche with proper accommodation, ventilation, lighting, cleanliness and sanitation if more than fifty female workers are engaged

• Provide first aid facilities in all construction sites

For safety of workers employer shall provide-

• Safe access to site and work place

• Safety in demolition works

• Safety in use of explosives

• Safety in operation of transporting equipment and appoint competent person to drive or operate such vehicles and equipment

• Safety in lifting appliance, hoist and lifting gears

• Adequate and suitable lighting to every work place and approach

• Prevention of inhalation of dust, smoke, fumes, gases during construction works and provide adequate ventilation in work place and confined space

• Safety in material handling and stacking/un stacking

• Safeguarding the machinery with fly-wheel of moving parts

• Safe handling and use of plants operated by compressed air

• Fire safety

• Limit of weight to be lifted by workers individually

• Safety in electric wires, apparatus, tools and equipment

• Provide safety net, safety sheet, safety belts while working at height (more than1.6 mtrs as per OSHA)

• Providing scaffolding, ladders and stairs, lifting appliances, chains and accessories where required

• Safety in pile works, concrete works, hot asphalt, tar, insulation, demolition works, excavation, underground construction and handling materials

• Provide and maintain medical facilities for workers

• Any other matters for the safety and health of workers

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Appendix 8 : IBAT Screening report of Banjarawala Package 1 Subproject

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292


294


296


298


Appendix 9: No Objection Certificate for Construction of Sewer Treatment Plant inDaudwala, Mothorowala from Nagar Nigam,Dehradun

299

TRANSLATION OF NOC

Office: Nagar Nigam Dehradun

Letter number 25/bhoomi/2021 Date 18.3.2021 To,

Project Manager Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency, Satvik Tower, Kaulagarh road, Rajendra Nagar Dehradun Subject: No Objection Certificate for construction of Sewer Treatment Plant in

Banjarawala. Dear Sir, Please refer your letter number -153/dated 15.03.2021 regarding above-mentioned subject. On Dated 06.03.2021 in presence of Nagar Nigam Dehradun, Revenue department and UUSDA officials to Khasra number 1926, category 5-3-D (other barren land), Khasra number 1927 category 5-3-D (other barren land), and khasra number 2050 k Category river land, a joint inspection was carried out. During the joint inspection it was initial consensus was made for the sue of abovesaid land for the requisite purpose. As the requisite purpose is of public interest therefore No Objection Certificate for the use of the vacant khasar number 1926 and 1927, which is categorised as barren land for the construction of Sewer Treatment Plant and vacant khasra 2050 K, categorised as river land for the development of green Belt (Green area/Green park) on following conditions;

1- If there will be any dispute for the use of the land than execution agency will be responsible

for the resolution of the same,

2- If in future any litigation is filed by any party than execution agency will be responsible for the

resolution of the same.

3- Executing agency will be responsible to take any inter departmental permission before start

of the construction activity.

4- Nagar Nigam Dehradun will be the owner of the said land.

5- Executing agency will be responsible for any accident during the course of construction of

Sewer Treatment Plant.

6- After construction of Sewer Treatment Plant the executing agency will ensure presenting

photograph of Sewer Treatment Plant to Nagar Nigam office.

7- Nagar Nigam Dehradun can cancel No Objection Certificate at any point of time.

(Upper City Commissionaire) Nagar Nigam Dehradun

Copy to

1- Hon’ble Mayer Nagar Nigam, Dehradun for information.

2- Program Director, Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency, Satvik Tower, Kaulagarh

road, Rajendra Nagar, Dehradun for information.

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Appendix 10 : No Objection Letter for OHT/ Tubewell Construction from Dehradun Nagar Nigam, Banjarawala Package 1

TRANSCRIPTION OF NOC: AS PER LETTER NUMBER 4141/BHOOMI/2020, DATED 07/1/2021, NAGAR NIGAM DEHRADUN ADDESSED TO PROGRAM

DIRECTOR UUSDA, ISSUED THE NOC FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TUBE WELL AND OVER HEAD TANK IN NAI-BASTI, DEHRADUN NAGAR NIGAM (DNN) LAND WITH THE CONDITION THAT NOW ONWARDS THE KHASRA NUMBER 1521, 800 SQM, AREA WILL BE UNDER THE POSSESSION OF UUSDA AND OWNERSHIP WILL REMAIN WITH DNN FOR TRHE SAID PURPOSE.

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Appendix 11 : Application by UUSDA for Obtaining Permission from Central Groundwater Board for Installation of Tube wells for Water Supply Purpose in Dehradun

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303

Appendix 12: Sample Chance find Protocol

Introduction

Project town being a heritage town, there are possibility of any chance finds (artefacts) recovery during excavations. Contractors working at heritage towns must take additional care not to destroy or damage historic features during excavations. There may be many buried historic features in heritage towns such as – idols, toys, wells, ancient drains, remains of buildings, other walls, grain pits, etc. Every care must be made not to destroy these during excavations.

Excavator drivers need to be instructed to be aware of hitting buried features and that they must be investigated before continuing work. When features are encountered during mechanical excavation, work should stop and the PIU/Consultants engineers must be informed immediately so that they can be inspected at the first opportunity.

When historic features such as walls, brick constructions and other features are encountered during excavation the excavation must be stopped immediately and the PIU/Consultants must be informed immediately.

Contractors’ instruction: As soon as contractor recovers any chance find during any excavation works

for pipe laying, they should immediately inform PIU/Consultant present in town about the chance find

recovery. Immediately stop the excavation activity near point of recovery. After PIU/consultants engineers come at site, contractor should follow cleaning and photography in supervision of PIU/Consultant engineers.

Cleaning - When a feature/chance find is discovered it must be defined by careful cleaning. Roots must

be removed and dirt must be carefully cleaned away. The section or trench base should also be cleaned back for a little distance around the feature.

Record photography – When the feature is clean good photography should be taken – vertical and

face-on shots and a few general shots of the feature, also showing its position in relation to surrounding features, buildings, etc. The photographed should be catalogued (date, location, direction of shot)

Drawn record - When features/chance finds are revealed a drawn record should also be made.

a. General location record – measuring its position and orientation within the protected site / in relation to surrounding structures

b. Record drawings – detail drawings made in plan and section/profile. The extent (edges) of the feature should be drawn and the level of the existing ground surface and the top and base of the feature should be recorded. These levels should be marked on the drawings. The drawings should include detail of the construction of the feature. Perspective sketches could also be made if necessary. Explanatory notes can also be put on the drawings.

Reporting finds - When finds are made these should be reported to PIU/Consultants. Photographs and record drawings should be sent.

Discovery of historic objects - When clearance and excavation takes place artifacts and historic objects are sometimes found. These should be recovered and kept in a safe place. The place of discovery should be recorded and each find given a number and tag tied to the find with the same number on it. A list of the finds should be kept (with the find No. And place of discovery and date of discovery recorded).

PIU/Consultants responsibility- PIU/Consultants should inform in written to the State Archaeological Department at the earliest with photographs and request to Archaeology Department to visit the site and hand over the chance finds to them.

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Appendix 13 : Guidelines for Sewerage System Operations, Reuse of Treated Effluent and Sludge from STP for Beneficial Purposes

(Source: Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems, CPHEEO, Ministry of

Urban Development, Govt. of India)

Health Hazards during Sewage Operations Laborers working on the sewage treatment and operations may suffer from a number of aliments

directly attributed to handling of sewage. In view of this it is desirable to disinfect sewage and where feasible mechanize sewage operations.

The staff of sewage operations must be well educated in the sanitary rules on the utilization of sewage for irrigation as well as with personal hygiene. All persons working in sewage farms must undergo preventive vaccination against enteric infections and annual medical examination for helminthiases and be provided treatment if necessary.

Sewage treatment plants should be provided with adequate space for canteens with proper sanitation, wash-stands and lockers for irrigation implements and protective clothing. Safe drinking water must be provided for the workers and for population residing within the effective

range of the sewage treatment plants.

All workers should be provided with gum boots and rubber gloves, which must compulsorily be worn while at work. They should be forced to observe personal hygiene such as washing after work as well as washing before taking food. The use of antiseptics in the water used for washing should be emphasized. The farm worker should be examined medically at regular intervals and necessary curative measures enforced.

Mitigation measures to avoid Health

Hazards Personal Hygiene against Pathogen

The worker should take precautions because a large number of coliform groups, various kinds of micro-organisms, and egg parasites exist in sewage. The workers should strive to maintain good health by taking care of the following points:

• Wear clean uniform, work boots, etc. • After work and before having a meal, always wash hands and disinfect them.

• After work, take a shower if possible.

• Do not enter the offices and lounges wearing dirty clothes. • If necessary, take vaccinations against tetanus, leptospirosis fever and so on

Maintaining Cleanliness The worker should maintain each facility in a clean and neat

condition.

• The flors of workrooms, stairs and corridors should be cleaned at the appropriate frequency to maintain them in a clean condition

• Disinfection of relevant locations is to be carried out periodically. Health Check Workers should receive health check once a year to maintain their health, and

prevent illnesses or detect them at an early stage. The results of the health check should be

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maintained as records. Recommended items to be inspected during the health check are as

given below. • Examine medical history.

• Examine subjective symptoms and other objective symptoms. • Check height, weight, vision and hearing ability. • Chest X-ray examination.

• Blood pressure measurement. • Check for anaemia.

• Check for liver functions. • Check for lipids in blood. • Check blood sugar level • Urine analysis.

• Electrocardiogram analysis

Welfare Measures The Sanitation Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 2012 proposes constitution of a Sanitation Workers State Welfare Board to exercise powers conferred on it and to perform welfare functions such as the following for sanitation workers:

• Provide immediate assistance to a beneficiary in case of an accident

• Sanction of loan and advances • Medical expenses for treatment of major ailments

• Financial assistance for education of children • Payment of maternity benefits

• Make provision and improvement of welfare measures and facilities as may be prescribed

Corrective Measures When a worker has symptoms of an illness listed above, the plant engineer should ensure that the worker is checked-up by a specialist doctor and receives proper treatment and care and should take the following actions considering the content of work done by the worker: • Change the workplace if necessary

• Change the content of the work • Shorten the working hours • Perform relevant measurements of the working environment

• Maintain the facility or equipment

Risks in use of treated effluent and sludge in agriculture practices

Cultivation of crops that are eaten raw should be banned. Cultivation of paddy in bunded fields is likely to give rise to sanitation problems and hence is undesirable. Growing of non-edible commercial crops like cotton, jute, fodder, milling varieties of sugarcane and tobacco would be suitable. Cultivation of grasses and fodder legumes, medicinal and essential oil yielding plants

like menthol and citronella may be allowed. Cultivation of cereals, pulses, potatoes and other crops that are cooked before consumption may be permitted, if sewage is treated and care is taken in handling the harvests to ensure that they are not contaminated. Cultivation of crop exclusively under seed multiplication programmes would be advantageous as these are not consumed. As an additional safeguard, sewage irrigation should be discontinued at least two months in advance of harvesting of fruits and berries, one month for all kinds of vegetables and a

fortnight for all other crops. Direct grazing on sewage irrigated farms should be prohibited.

Risks of Nutrient Loading in Agriculture

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Crops receiving excessive dosage of nitrogen show superflous vegetative growth and decrease in grain or fruit yield. The phosphate deficit of sewage, therefore, should be made good by supplementing with phosphate fertilizers, the extent of phosphate fortification depending upon

the nature of crop and its phosphate requirements. As the availability of phosphate is low in the Irrigation water it would be desirable to apply the required quantity of phosphatic fertilizer at the time or even (about a fortnight) before the sowing or planting of the crop. Even when sewage nutrients are balanced by fortification, irrigation with such sewage may supply excessive amount of nutrients resulting in waste or unbalanced growth of plants with adverse effects on yields. It may therefore be necessary to dilute the sewage. Dilution also helps in reducing the

concentration of dissolved salts and decomposable organic matter in the sewage thus, decreasing hazards to the fertility of the soil. It is desirable to limit the BOD and total suspended solids of sewage to be disposed on land for irrigation, as per relevant standards. There is a need to take caution on describing nutrient supply capacity of sewage particularly in the case of availability of phosphorus because there is a possible conversion of available phosphorus in unavailable mode in the presence of heavy metals present in the sewerage. This happens

commonly in high as well as low pH soils.

Alternative Arrangement during Non-irrigating Periods

During rainy and non-irrigating seasons, agricultural practices may not need any water for irrigation. Even during irrigating season, the water requirement fluctuates significantly. Hence, satisfactory alternative arrangements have to be made for the disposal of sewage on such occasions either by storing the excess sewage or discharging it elsewhere without creating

environmental hazards. The following alternatives are generally considered: a) Provision of holding lagoons for off-season storage. They enable irrigation of a fied area of land to varying rates of crop demand. They may also serve as treatment units such as aerated or stabilization lagoons, provided the minimum volume required for treatment is provided beyond the flow- balancing requirement. b) Provision of additional land where treated sewage is not required on the main plot of land c) Discharge of surplus treated sewage to river or into sea with or without

additional treatment. Combining surface discharge facilities with irrigation system is quite common and often quite compatible. d) Resorting to artificial recharge in combination with an irrigation system where feasible.

Treated Sewage into Perennial Rivers

When sewage is treated and discharged into perennial flowing rivers and the blended river water is drawn downstream of the point of such blending as raw water for treatment in public water supply schemes. This is indirect potable use after blending. This is historical and ongoing all around. However, of late, the organic load due to the discharged treated, partially treated and

non-point sewage becomes in excess of the self-purifying capacity of the river. Thus, the river water is not actually fresh water. The water quality of Yamuna river for Agra water supply scheme requires to be fist treated in MBBR to purify the river water to a level as raw water for the downstream WTP. When it passes through flowing surface water it has the potential disadvantages of contamination by human and animal activities adding organic matter and waterborne pathogens unless the river stretch is protected from such activities. The guiding

principle in such cases for the ULBs will be to at least intercept the sewage outfalls and provide adequate STPs and follow the recommended quality criteria for the treated sewage.

Treated Sewage into Non-Perennial / Dry River Courses

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There are locations where the rivers are not perennial or almost dry throughout the year except some monsoon runoff. In this case the discharged treated sewage sinks into the aquifer zone and is extracted by infiltration wells or galleries. The advantage of direct dilution from surface water is lost, but the additional purification in the soil and dilution from the aquifer water are happening. An example is the case of the Palar river course in Tamilnadu. The surface water flow in this occurs only for about a week if the monsoon is normal and if the water spills

beyond the upstream impoundments. The aquifer however supports the public water supply of over 30 habitations along its dry tract of nearly 80 km before the sea. The partly treated sewage of the en-route habitations does reach this river course as intervals. So far, no epidemics have been met with. This may be due to the above said additional purification in the soil and dilution by aquifer water. However, if these are exceeded by the contamination load, there can be immediate health problems. The guiding principle in such cases for the ULBs will be (a) to keep

a check on the raw water quality from the infiltration wells to detect sudden increase in contaminants and (b) at least intercept the sewage outfalls and provide adequate STPs.

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Appendix 14: Sample Outline Spoil Management Plan

• The Spoil Management Plan should be site specific and be part of the monthly Construction Management Plan.

• The contractor, in consultation with the ULB, has to find out appropriate location/s for the

disposal of the excess soil generated. The spoils should be deposited only at these sites.

• Further precautions need to be taken in case of the contaminated spoils.

• The vehicle carrying the spoil should be covered properly.

• The spoils generating from each site should be removed on the same day or immediately after the work is complete. The site / road should be restored to the original condition.

I. Spoils information

The spoil information contains the details like a) The type/material, b) Potential contamination by that type, c) Expected volume (site/component specific), d) Spoil Classification etc.

II. Spoils management

The Spoil Management section gives the details of a) Transportation of spoil b) disposal site details c) Precautions taken d) Volume of contaminated spoil, if present, d) Suggested reuse of disposal of the spoil

III. Documentation

The volume of spoil generated (site specific, date wise), site disposed, reuse / disposal details should be documented properly.

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Appendix 15 : Sample Outline Traffic Management Plan

A. Principles for TMP around the Water Pipes/Sewer Construction Sites

1. One of the prime objectives of this TMP is to ensure the safety of all the road users along the work zone, and to address the following issues:

(i) the safety of pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists travelling through the construction zone;

(ii) protection of work crews from hazards associated with moving traffic;

(iii) mitigation of the adverse impact on road capacity and delays to the road users;

(iv) maintenance of access to adjoining properties; and (v) Addressing issues that may delay the project.

B. Operating Policies for TMP

2. The following principles will help promote safe and efficient movement for all road users

(motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians, including persons with disabilities) through and around work zones while reasonably protecting workers and equipment.

(i) Make traffic safety and temporary traffic control an integral and high-priority element of project from planning through design, construction, and maintenance.

(ii) Inhibit traffic movement as little as possible.

(iii) Provide clear and positive guidance to drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians as they approach and travel through the temporary traffic control zone.

(iv) Inspect traffic control elements routinely, both day and night, and make modifications when necessary.

(v) Pay increased attention to roadside safety in the vicinity of temporary traffic control

zones.

(vi) Train all persons that select, place, and maintain temporary traffic control devices. (vii) Keep the public well informed. (viii) Make appropriate accommodation for abutting property owners, residents,

businesses, emergency services, railroads, commercial vehicles, and transit operations.

3. Figure A2 to Figure A12 illustrates the operating policy for TMP for the construction of

water pipes and the sewers along various types of roads.

C. Analyze the impact due to street closure

4. Apart from the capacity analysis, a final decision to close a particular street and divert the traffic should involve the following steps:

(i) approval from the ULB/Public Works Department (PWD) to use the local streets

as detours;

(ii) consultation with businesses, community members, traffic police, PWD, etc., regarding the mitigation measures necessary at the detours where the road is diverted during the construction;

(iii) determining of the maximum number of days allowed for road closure, and incorporation of such provisions into the contract documents;

(iv) determining if additional traffic control or temporary improvements are needed along the detour route;

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(v) considering how access will be provided to the worksite; (vi) contacting emergency service, school officials, and transit authorities to

determine if there are impacts to their operations; and

(vii) Developing a notification program to the public so that the closure is not a surprise. As part of this program, the public should be advised of alternate routes that commuters can take or will have to take as result of the traffic diversion.

5. If full road-closure of certain streets within the area is not feasible due to inadequate capacity of the Detour Street or public opposition, the full closure can be restricted to weekends with the construction commencing on Saturday night and ending on Monday morning prior to the morning peak period.

Figure A1: Policy Steps for the TMP

D. Public awareness and notifications

6. As per discussions in the previous sections, there will be travel delays during the constructions, as is the case with most construction projects, albeit on a reduced scale if utilities and

traffic management are properly coordinated. There are additional grounds for travel delays in the area, as most of the streets lack sufficient capacity to accommodate additional traffic from diverted traffic as a result of street closures to accommodate the works.

The awareness campaign and the prior notification for the public will be a continuous activity which the project will carry out to compensate for the above delays and minimize public claims as result of

Diversions

Coordination

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these problems. These activities will take place sufficiently in advance of the time when the roadblocks or traffic diversions take place at the particular streets. The reason for this is to allow sufficient time for the public and residents to understand the changes to their travel plans. The project will notify the public about the roadblocks and traffic diversion through public notices, ward level meetings and city level meeting with the elected representatives.

6. The PIU will also conduct an awareness campaign to educate the public about the following issues:

(i) Traffic control devices in place at the work zones (signs, traffic cones, barriers,

etc.);

(ii) Defensive driving behavior along the work zones; and (iii) Reduced speeds enforced at the work zones and traffic diversions.

7. It may be necessary to conduct the awareness programs/campaigns on road safety during construction.

8. The campaign will cater to all types of target groups i.e. children, adults, and drivers. Therefore, these campaigns will be conducted in schools and community centers. In addition, the project will publish a brochure for public information. These brochures will be widely circulated

around the area and will also be available at the PIU, and the contractor's site office. The text of the brochure should be concise to be effective, with a lot of graphics. It will serve the following purpose:

(i) explain why the brochure was prepared, along with a brief description of the

project; (ii) advise the public to expect the unexpected;

(iii) educate the public about the various traffic control devices and safety measures adopted at the work zones;

(iv) educate the public about the safe road user behavior to emulate at the work zones;

(v) tell the public how to stay informed or where to inquire about road safety issues

at the work zones (name, telephone, mobile number of the contact person; and (vi) Indicate the office hours of relevant offices.

E. Install traffic control devices at the work zones and traffic diversion routes

9. The purpose of installing traffic control devices at the work zones is to delineate these areas to warn, inform, and direct the road users about a hazard ahead, and to protect them as well as the workers. As proper delineation is a key to achieve the above objective, it is important to install good traffic signs at the work zones. The following traffic control devices are used in

work zones:

• Signs

• Pavement Markings

• Channelizing Devices

• Arrow Panels

• Warning Lights

10. Procedures for installing traffic control devices at any work zone vary, depending on

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road configuration, location of the work, construction activity, duration, traffic speed and volume, and pedestrian traffic. Work will take place along major roads, and the minor internal roads. As such, the traffic volume and road geometry vary. The main roads carry considerable traffic; internal roads in the new city areas are wide but in old city roads very narrow and carry considerable traffic. However, regardless of where the construction takes place, all the work zones should be cordoned off, and traffic shifted away at least with traffic cones, barricades,

and temporary signs (temporary “STOP” and “GO”).

11. Figure A2 to Figure A12 illustrates a typical set-up for installing traffic control devices at the work zone of the area, depending on the location of work on the road way, and road geometrics:

• Work on shoulder or parking lane

• Shoulder or parking lane closed on divided road

• Work in Travel lane

• Lane closure on road with low volume

• Lane closure on a two-line road with low volume (with yield sign)

• Lane closure on a two-line road with low volume (one flagger operation)

• Lane closure on a two lane road (two flagger operation)

• Lane closure on a four lane undivided Road

• Lane closure on divided roadway

• Half road closure on multi-lane roadway

• Street closure with detour

12. The work zone should take into consideration the space required for a buffer zone between the workers and the traffic (lateral and longitudinal) and the transition space required

for delineation, as applicable. For the works, a 30 cm clearance between the traffic and the temporary STOP and GO signs should be provided. In addition, at least 60 cm is necessary to install the temporary traffic signs and cones.

13. Traffic police should regulate traffic away from the work zone and enforce the traffic diversion result from full street closure in certain areas during construction. Flaggers/ personnel should be equipped with reflective jackets at all times and have traffic control batons (preferably the LED type) for regulating the traffic during night time.

16. In addition to the delineation devices, all the construction workers should wear fluorescent

safety vests and helmets in order to be visible to the motorists at all times. There should be provision for lighting beacons and illumination for night constructions.

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Figure A2 & A3: Work on shoulder or parking lane & Shoulder or parking lane closed on divided road

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Figure A4 & A5: Work in Travel lane & Lane closure on road with low volume

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Figure A6 & A7: Lane closure on a two-line road with low volume (with yield sign) & Lane closure on a two-line road with low volume (one flagger operation)

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Figure A8 & A9: Lane Closure on a Two-Lane Road (Two Flagger Operation) & Lane Closure on a Four-Lane Undivided Road

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Figure A10 & A11: Lane Closure on Divided Roadway & Half Road Closure on Multi-Lane Roadway

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Figure A12: Street closure with detour

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Appendix 16 : WHO Interim Guidance on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waste Management for the COVID19 Virus

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Appendix 17: IFC Benchmark Standards for Workers Accommodation

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Appendix 18 : Guidelines and Emergency plan for handling and storing Chlorine Instructions for Storage and Handling of Chlorine Cylinders

(Based on the ‘Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems’ published by

the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) in 2005)

1. Storage Area

(i) Obtain storage license from controller of explosives under Gas Cylinder Rules 2004 if the quantity of Cl2 containers to be stored is more than 5 Nos.

(ii) Storage area should be cool, dry, well ventilated, and clean of trash and protected from external heat sources. Please refer to Manual on “Water Supply and Treatment”, (1999 Edition), for further details.

(iii) Ventilation must be sufficient to prevent accumulation of vapor pockets. The exhaust should be located either near the floor or duct be provided extending to the floor. All fan switches should be outside the storage area.

(iv) Do not store container directly under the sun. (v) Weather cock should be installed near the storage to determine wind

direction. (vi) The storage building should be of non-combustible construction with at least

two exits opening outside. (vii) Neutralization system should be provided. (viii) Continuous monitoring of chlorine leak detection equipment with alarm

should be installed in the storage area. (ix) The area should be free and remote from elevators, gangways or ventilating

system to avoid dangerous concentration of Chlorine during leak. (x) Two portable foam type fire extinguishers should be provided in the premises. (xi) Corrosive substances shall not be stored nearby which react violently with

each other. (xii) Unauthorized person should not be allowed to enter into the storage area. (xiii) The floor level of storage shed should be preferably 30 cms (at least one

foot) higher from the ground level to avoid water logging. (xiv) Ensure that all containers are properly fitted with safety caps or hooks.

2. Cylinder & Drum Containers

a) Store chlorine cylinders upright and secure them so that they do not fall. b) Drum containers should be stored on their sides on rails, a few inches above the

floor. They should not be stacked one upon the other. They should be stored such that the valves are in vertical plane.

c) Keep enough space between containers so as to have accessibility in case of emergency.

d) Store the containers in a covered shed only. Keep them away from any source of heat as excessive heat may increase the pressure in container which will result into burst.

e) Do not store explosives, acids, turpentine, ether, anhydrous ammonia, finely divided metals or other flammable material in the vicinity of Chlorine.

f) Do not store containers in wet and muddy areas. g) Store filled and empty containers separately. h) Protective covers for valves are secured even when the containers are empty,

except during use in the system.

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i) Never use containers as a roller to move other equipment. j) Never tamper with fusible plugs of tonners. k) Check leakages every day by means of ammonia torch. However, it should not be

touched to brass components like valves of container for safety. l) Never carry out any welding work on the chlorine system as combustion of steel

takes place at 2510C in presence of chlorine. m) The boxes containing emergency kit, safety applications and self-contained

breathing apparatus should be kept in working order in an easily approachable area.

3. Use of Cylinders & Drum Containers in Process System

a) Use containers in the order of their receipt, as valve packing can get hardened during prolonged storage and cause gas leaks.

b) Do not use oil or lubricant on any valve of the containers. c) Badly fitting connections should not be forced and correct tool should always be

used for opening and closing valves. They should never be hammered. d) The area should be well ventilated with frequent air changes. e) Transport the cylinders to the process area by using crane, hoist or railings etc. f) The drum containers should be kept in a horizontal position in such a way that the

valves are in a vertical plane. The upper valve gives out gas and the lower one gives out liquid chlorine.

g) The cylinder should be kept in upright position in order to release gas from the valve. For liquid chlorine withdrawal, it should be inverted with the help of an inverted rack.

h) Connect the containers to the system by using approved accessories. i) Use copper flexible tube, with lead washer containing 2 to 4% antimony or bonded

asbestos or Teflon washer. Use yoke clamp for connecting chlorine container. j) Never use rubber tubes, PVC tubes etc. for making connections. k) Use the right spanner for operating the valve. Always keep the spanner on the

valve spindle. Never use ill-fitting spanner. l) After making the flexible connection, check for the leakage by means of ammonia

torch but it should not come in contact with a valve. m) Keep minimum distance between the container valve and header valve so that

during change-over of the container, minimum amount of gas leaks. n) The material of construction of the adopter should be same as that of valve outlet

threads. o. The valve should not be used as a regulator for controlling the chlorine. During regulation due to high velocity of Chlorine, the valve gets damaged which in turn can cause difficulty in closing.

o) The tools and other equipment used for operating the container should be clean and free of grease, dust or grit.

p) Wear breathing apparatus while making the change-over of the container from the process header.

q) Do not heat the container to withdraw more gas at faster rate. r) Use pressure gauge and flow measuring device to control the flow and to know the

quantity of gas left in the container. s) Use an inverted U type barometric leg or vacuum breaking arrangement for

connecting the container to the process piping. t) Withdrawal of the gas should be stopped when the gas pressure inside the

container is between 0.1 to 0.5 kg/cm2 approximately.

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u) If withdrawal of the gas from the container connected to the process system has to be suspended for long intervals, it should be disconnected from the system, and the valve cap and hood replaced.

v) Gas containers should be handled by trained persons only. 4. Disconnecting Containers from Process System

a) Use breathing apparatus before disconnecting the container. b) First close the container valve fully. After removal of chlorine the process

valve should be closed. c) Remove the flexible connection, plug the flexible connection in order to avoid

entry of humid air. Replace the valve cap or hood on the container. d) Put the tag on the empty container & bring it to storage area marked for

empties. e. Check for the leakage.

5. Loading and Unloading of Containers

a) The handling of containers should be done under the supervision of trained and competent person.

b) It should be done carefully with a crane, hoist or slanted ramp. Do not use magnet or sharp object for lifting the containers.

c) Small cylinders should not be lifted by means of valve caps as these are not designed to carry the weight.

d) The containers should not be allowed to strike against each other or against any hard object.

e) Vehicles should be braked and isolated against any movement. f) After loading, the containers should be secured properly with the help of wooden

wedges, rope or sling wire so that they do not roll away. g) The containers should never be dropped directly to the ground or on the tyre from

the vehicle. h) There should be no sharp projection in the vehicle. i) Containers must have valve caps and plugs fitted properly. j) Check containers for leakage before loading/unloading.

6. Transportation of Container

a) The name of the chemical along with diamond pictorial sign denoting the dangerous goods should be marked on the vehicle.

b) The name of the transporter, his address and telephone number should be clearly written on the vehicle.

c) The vehicle should not be used to transport any material other than what is written on it.

d) Only trained drivers and cleaners should transport hazardous chemical e) The driver should not transport any leaking cylinder. f) The cylinder should not project outside the vehicle. g) The transporter must ensure that every vehicle driver must carry “Trem Card”

(Transport Emergency Card) and ‘Instructions in writing booklet’ and follow them. h) Every driver must carry safety appliances with him, viz; Emergency kit, breathing

apparatus etc. i) The vehicles must be driven carefully, especially in crowded localities and on

bumpy roads. Do not apply sudden brakes. j) Check for the leakage from time to time. k) In the case of uncontrollable leakage the vehicle should be taken to an open area

where there is less population.

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7. Emergency Kit It consists of various tools and appliances like gaskets, yokes, studs, tie rods hoods, clamps, spanners, mild steel channels, screws, pins, wooden pegs etc. of standard sizes. Separate kits are used for cylinders and tonners. All the gadgets are designed for using in

controlling or stopping the leakages from valves, fusible plug and side walls of cylinders and containers used for handling chlorine.

a. Leakage may occur through the valve. There are basically four types of valve leaks. 1 Valve packing

2 Valve seat

3 Defective inlet thread 4 Broken valve thread

b. Leakage may occur through container wall. For controlling such leakages, clamps are used for cylinders and chain and yoke arrangement is used for tonner. Sometimes wooden peg is used by driving into the leaking hole as a temporary arrangement.

c. Leakage may occur through fusible plug.

1 If the leakage is through the threads of fusible plug, yoke, hood and cap nut arrangement is used to control the leak.

2 If fusible metal itself in the plug is leaking, yoke and stud arrangement is used to control the leak.

1. First Aid to be Provided for a Person Affected by Chlorine

a. General Remove the affected person immediately to an uncontaminated area. Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated parts of the body with soap and plenty of water. Lay down the affected person in cardiac position and keep him warm. Call a physician for medical assistance at the earliest. Caution: Never attempt to neutralize chlorine with other chemicals.

b. Skin Contact Remove the contaminated clothes, wash the affected skin with large quantity of water. Caution: No ointment should be applied unless prescribed by the physician. c. Eye Contact If eyes get affected with liquid chlorine or high concentration of chlorine gas,

they must be flushed immediately with running water for at least 15 minutes keeping the eyelids

open by hand. Caution: No ointment should be used unless prescribed by an eye specialist.

d. Inhalation If the victim is conscious, take him to a quiet place and lay him down on his back, with head and back elevated (cardiac position). Loosen his clothes and keep him warm

using blankets. Give him tea, coffee, milk, peppermint etc. for making good effect on breathing system. If the victim is unconscious, but breathing, lay him down in the position mentioned above and give oxygen at low pressure until the arrival of doctor. If breathing has stopped, quickly stretch him out on the ground or a blanket if available, loosen his collar and belt and start artificial respiration without delay. Neilson arm lift back pressure method is useful. Automatic artificial respiration is preferable if available. Continue the respiration until the arrival of the doctor.

Amboo bag can also be used for this purpose.

2. On-Site Emergency Plan to Cover the Leakage of Chlorine

Introduction As chlorine is a hazardous chemical, handling and storage of it demand adequate precautions to avoid possible hazards. Leakage of chlorine may develop into a major emergency. Therefore the emergency procedure to cover this eventuality is essential. It is drawn

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in the form of on-site emergency plan. The elements of onsite emergency plan are as follows: Identification of Hazard Chart

In this case the site risk is evaluated by the expert and the extent of the probable damage is calculated on the basis of stored chlorine quantity, nearby population, wind direction, type of

equipment failure etc. For this purpose hazard analysis is conducted in which case all the hazardous properties of chlorine are considered. If evacuation is required, the range of it is calculated. Appointing Key Persons In order to control the incident like chlorine leakage, it is essential to appoint various persons with their well-defined responsibilities. Taking into account the various activities likely to be involved, the following key persons are appointed (i) Site Controller, (ii)

Incident controller, (iii) Shift Executive In charge, (iv) Communication Officer, (v) Safety Officer, (vi) Fire and Security Officer, (vii) Utilities and Services In charge, (viii) Traffic Controller, (ix) First Aider Assembly Points These points are set up where persons from the plant would assemble in case of chlorine leakage. At these points the in-charge for counting the heads will be available.

Emergency Control Center

The control center is the focal point in case of an emergency from where the operations to handle the emergency from are directed and coordinated. It contains site plan, telephone lines, public address system, safety equipment, first aid boxes, loud speaker, torches, list of essential telephone numbers, viz. fire brigade, police, hospital, civil defence, collector, factory inspector,

organizational authorities, chlorine suppliers, mutual aid group, social workers, list of key persons and their addresses, copy of chemical fact sheet, location plan of fire hydrant, details of dispersion model of chlorine gas, population distribution pattern, location of alarm system.

Procedure to Meet Emergency

The actions to be taken by the staff and authority are given below; Emergency Alarm: An audible emergency alarm system is installed throughout the plant. On hearing the alarm the

incident controller will activate the public address system to communicate with the staff about the emergency and give specific instructions for evacuations etc. anyone can report the occurrence of chlorine leakage to section in-charge or incident controller through telephone or intercom or in person.

Communication: Communication officer shall establish the communication suitable to that incident.

Services

For quickness and efficient operation of emergency plan the plant is divided into convenient number of zones and clearly marked on the plan. These are emergency services viz. firefighting, first aid, rescue, alternative source of power supply, communication with local bodies etc. The incident controller will hand over the charge to the site controller of all these coordinating activities, when the site controller appears on the site. The site controller will coordinate all the

activities of the key persons. On hearing the emergency alarm system all the key persons will take their charge. In case of their absence other alternatives are nominated. The person nominated for personnel and administration purposes will be responsible for informing all statutory authorities, keeping account of all persons in the plant including contract labor, casual workers and visitors. He will be responsible for giving information to press or any outside agencies. He is also responsible for organizing canteen facilities and keeping informed the

families of affected persons. The person nominated as security officer should guide police, fire fighting and control the vehicle entries. The site controller or any other nominated person will announce resumption of normalcy after everything is brought under control. The onsite

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emergency plan needs to be evaluated by mock drill. Any weaknesses noticed during such drills should be noted and the plan is modified to eliminate the weaknesses.

Emergency

Measures In case of leakage or spillage of Chlorine, the following emergency measures should

be taken:

1) Take a shallow breath and keep eyes opened to a minimum. 2) Evacuate the area. 3) Investigate the leak with proper gas mask and other appropriate Personal

protection. 4) The investigator must be watched by a rescuer to rescue him in emergency. 5) If liquid leak occurs, turn the containers so as to leak only gas. 6) In case of major leakage, all persons including neighbors should be warned. 7) As the escaping gas is carried in the direction of the wind all persons should be

moved in a direction opposite to that of the wind. Nose should be covered with wet handkerchief.

8) Under no circumstances should water or other liquid be directed towards leaking containers, because water makes the leak worse due to corrosive effect.

9) The spillage should be controlled for evaporation by spraying chilled water having temperature below 9.4oC. With this water crystalline hydrates are formed which will temporarily avoid evaporation. Then try to neutralize the spillage by caustic soda or soda ash or hydrated Lime solution carefully. If fluroprotein foam is available, use for preventing the evaporation of liquid chlorine.

10) Use emergency kit for controlling the leak. 11) On controlling the leakage, use the container in the system or neutralize the

contents in alkali solution such as caustic soda, soda ash or hydrated lime. Caution: Keep the supply of caustic soda or soda ash or hydrated lime available. Do not push the leaking container in the alkali tank. Connect the container to the tank by barometric leg.

12) If container commences leak during transport, it should be carried on to its destination or manufacturer or to remote place where it will be less harmful. Keeping the vehicle moving will prevent accumulation of high concentrations.

13) Only specially trained and equipped workers should deal with emergency arising due to major leakage.

14) If major leak takes place, alert the public nearby by sounding the siren. 15) Any minor leakage must be attended immediately or it will become worse. 16) If the leakage is in the process system, stop the valve on the container at once.

Safety Systems Required at Chlorination Plant

The following safety systems should be kept ready at the chlorination plant:

1) Breathing apparatus. 2) Emergency kit. 3) Leak detectors. 4) Neutralization tank. 5) Siren system. 6) Display of boards in local language for public cautioning, first aid and list of

different authorities with phone numbers. 7) Communication system. 8) Tagging system for equipment.

344


9) First aid including tablets and cough mixtures. 10) Exhaust fans. 11) Testing of pressure vessels, chlorine lines etc. every year as per factory act. 12) Training & mock drill. 13) Safety showers. 14) Eye fountain. 15) Personal protective equipment. 16) Protecting hoods for ton-containers. 17) Fire extinguishers. 18) Wind cock.

345

Appendix 19: Details of Public Consultations

346


Sl. No. Date of

Consultation

Name of Persons Location Topic Discussed Issues Addressed Photographs

347

Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


1 26.2.19 Er. S.C.Joshi, UJN, K.M Sharma – Swajal, Rakesh Kugshal, Darspal Singh, Sandeep Dogra, Vijay , Swati Raja-NGO Worker,

Nagar Nigam Office

• Conducted a detailed discussion about the water supply, sewer network, storm water drainage related issues of the colonies and other localities of Banjarawala,

• On provision in Implementation arrangements, tentative Implementation schedule and DBO mode of implementation,

• On Role of ULB in project implementation, monitoring and support,

• About the issues like; Construction of various assets may cause some public inconveniences for a shorter period with prior intimation,

• Explained the details of work planned under the Banjarawala Packages like 100% water supply connections to all inhabitants, Storm Water Drainage on major colony roads, Sewer-Household Service Connection

• Explained that under UIRUDP, which is under UUSDA_UDD- GoUK will implement the project, supported by ADB and Design , Built and Operate contractor will execute the project.

• Discussed that UDD, through UUSDA and Nagar Nigam Dehradun will assist in planning the project and will facilitate in providing the suitable land and other facilities for the project, during the implementation phase and O&M phase.

348


Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


2 16.01.2021

Ms. Mamata, Manisha, Ms Barkha, Ms. Shamdida, Ms. Sanno, ms Hema, Ms. Kanchi, Vikki, Ajju, Satish , Amar, Rikki, Rajeev, Deepak .ms. Rajni, Ms. Roma, Ms> shalu, Ajad, Shashi, Vilas , Reshma, ms. Suman , Ms Gulabi. Ms Anandita, Rajesh Bahunguna, Vaibhav baguguna, Suresh C Khanduri

New Basti Sapera Basti {Tube well and OHT proposed)

• Sewerage facility status in area.

• On current Water Supplied including water quality issues.

• On Existing Waste management facility scenario,

• On Present condition of & requirement of Storm Water drainage in the targeted colonies of the subproject

• Discussion on Details of the Work Proposed by UIRUDP-subproject package

• Discussion on Opinion of residents and other stakeholders on willingness to pay for improved services of water supply, sewer and storm water drainage,

• About the Resettlement related provisions for the vulnerable Affected Families,

• About Water Supply and Sewer House service connection for all including poor and vulnerable families.

• About some kind of compensation to the Affected persons who have some livelihoods loss due to the construction activities

• Got information that all the residents present in the consultation have shown their willingness to participate in project. And increased awareness about the direct benefits along with latent benefits of the project were discussed in detail.

• It was found that residents of the area informed that they have water supply connection but there are issues of water pressure and quality during rainy seasons remains As major issue.

• It was found that is Nagar Nigam led solid waste management facility but no sewerage facility, which is a priority of the area under discussion.

• It was found that there is no storm water drainage in the colony roads though in major roads of the area its constructed and is in well condition.

• Residents have expressed concern related to the time schedule of the construction work; it was assured that efforts will be made by the project authority to try and complete the work in time to reduce inconvenience. Moreover it was also explained that the construction schedule will be explained in detail before real field execution of proposed works under UIRUDP.

• 5) Explained the summarized scope of the proposed discussed with community

• 6) Most of the community members have told that for

349

Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


improved service level of water supply they are willing to pay even the higher charges as per govt rules and storm water and sewer charges are already part of development charges so better facility is the responsibility of the ULB, but we will support any tariff revision, if required.

• 7) It was Explained that as per ADB -SPS 2009 there is a provision of resettlement benefits for the project affected persons if they will have some livelihood loss.

• 8) The residents will be eligible to get the benefits from the project

350


Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


3 17.3 2021 07.04.2021

Bablu Gurung T.T.Singh, Jaipal Giurung, Shashi Gurung, Fool Maya, V.Godiyal, Bal Bahadur, Prabha Nandra, Uma Deevi Gurung, Prabha Devi Gurung, Maya Devi, Sunitha Thapa, Prabhakar Thapa, Kamleash Thapa, Nitin Gurang, Rajesh Thapa, Durga Thapa, Chandra Kala Gurung, Mausam Ali, Vinay Mishra, APD,UUSDA Rajesh Bahuguna,UUSDA Dr.Yudhveer,, DSC Suresh Chandra Khandur,DSCi Mr Mamchand, Dehradun Nagar Nigam Councillor Asha Thapa Nisha Gurung Shashi Gurung Asha Devi

STP Site Indrapuri Farm Daudwala

• Discussed about the details of project benefits proposed under the subproject,

• About use of such a technology like SBR to minimize the possibility of smell and other inconveniences and moreover development of green belt and other Adour control measures.

• Explained about requirement of the project and willingness of residents to pay for improved services of Sewerage and water .

• Discussed about the benefits of sewer project and storm water drainage and odor, sound and other measures to reduce possible inconvenience to the residents of the area.

• Discussion about air, noise, water pollution, traffic diversion, disposal of surplus earth and inconvenience during social occasions

• Role of Community institutions, CBOs, Nagar Nigam members in the Project for community surveillance during construction and O&M phase.

• Provision of PPEs and employment to the local community as unskilled wage based employment

• Community members said that they are willingness to engage with the project and explore job opportunities. Mostly people are willing to take the house service connections (water supply and sewer) and enjoy benefits of the subproject.

• Explained that development of green belt and odor control measures with advance technology like SBR will nullify the any possible inconvenience & health hazard to local residents.

• Residents’ have shown willing to pay for the improved services like regular 24x7 portable water sewerage, connection and storm water drainage facility along the roads,

• As regards the storm water drainage and sewer project, it has been told by the residents that it will improve the roads and condition of low laying areas and improve the quality of river where the outfall will go.

• It was told that the provisions have been made in the implementation of the Resettlement Plan, Environmental Management Plan & Safeguard Policy, and Resettlement plan prepared for the subproject that the sufferings of local people ( especially of children & aged persons) will be reduced to a large extent during project implementation phase. Also through regular periodic

351

Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


Hema Gurung Rani Thapa Lata Gurung Ravinder Kumar Urmila Sushma Gurung Tara Gurung Purnima Thapa Harsh Mangal,UUSDA Nitish Tariyal,UUSDA Vaishsli Thapa,UUSDA Rajesh Bahuguna,UUSDA Suresh Khanduri,DSC

consultations the feedback of the community members will be collected for any midcourse correction In implementation schedule and other modalities..

• It was told that UUSDA the IA of the UIRUDP is part of Urban Development department, nagar nigam is one of the key agency involved in planning phase and will also be extending their support of implementation and monitoring of the project up to the O&M period of the project, the community level disclosures is one essential part of the project wherein support of the CBOs, SHGs and other institutions will be mobilized.

It was informed by the UUSDA the

Implementing Agency (IA) of the UIRUDP (part of Urban Development department) that to enhance the environmental benefits following measures would be included in the STP site planning and design: • Adequate Greenbelt should be developed to mitigate the problem of foul smell; if any

• Proper fencing arrangement/boundary should be taken during construction of STP

• Layout plan of STP will be developed in such a way that odour generating units (such as sludge / solids handling facilities) are located away from the surrounding area with future development potential.

352


Sl. No. Date of

Consultation


• During construction please ensure proper stacking of material should be earmarked place that not to obstruct passage by the contractor.

• All the safety will be provided during construction and operation of STP such as proper fencing, barricades, safe access to houses, reduction of dust and noise etc.

• Approach road from main road to STP will be extended upto nearby houses.

• Employment opportunities for nearby habitants shall be explored by contractor to provide employment during construction and operation work of STP.

353

PARTICIPATION DETAILS OF STAKEHOLDERS IN PUBLIC CONSULTATION

354


355

Name of the Site : New Nasti / Sapera Basti Dated 16th January 2021

356


357

Appendix 20: Sample Grievance Registration Form

(To be available in Hindi and English) The Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries, and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you.

Date Place of registration Project Town

Project:

Contact information/personal details

Name Gender * Male * Female

Age

Home address

Place

Phone no.

E-mail

Complaint/suggestion/comment/question Please provide the details (who, what, where, and how) of your grievance below:

If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here:

How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Registered by: (Name of official registering grievance)

Mode of communication: Note/letter E-mail Verbal/telephonic

Reviewed by: (Names/positions of officials reviewing grievance)

Action taken:

Whether action taken disclosed: Yes No

Means of disclosure:

358


Appendix 21 : Sample Environmental Site Inspection Checklist

Project Name Contract

Number

NAME: DATE: TITLE: DMA:

LOCATION: GROUP:

WEATHER:

Project Activity Stage

Survey Design Implementation Pre-Commissioning Guarantee Period

Monitoring Items Compliance

Compliance marked as Yes / No / Not applicable (NA) / Partially Implemented (PI)

EHS supervisor appointed by contractor and available on site

Construction site management plan (spoils, safety, schedule, equipment etc.,) prepared

Traffic management plan prepared

Dust is under control

Excavated soil properly placed within minimum space

Construction area is confined; no traffic/pedestrian entry observed

Surplus soil/debris/waste is disposed without delay

Construction material (sand/gravel/aggregate) brought to site as & when

required only

Tarpaulins used to cover sand & other loose material when transported by Vehicles

After unloading , wheels & undercarriage of vehicles cleaned prior to leaving the site

No chance finds encountered during excavation

Work is planned in consultation with traffic police

Work is not being conducted during heavy traffic

Work at a stretch is completed within a day (excavation, pipe laying &

backfilling)

Pipe trenches are not kept open unduly

Road is not completely closed; work is conducted on edge; at least one line is kept open

Road is closed; alternative route provided & public informed, information board provided

Pedestrian access to houses is not blocked due to pipe laying

Spaces left in between trenches for access

Wooden planks/metal sheets provided across trench for pedestrian

No public/unauthorized entry observed in work site

359

Children safety measures (barricades, security) in place at works in residential areas

Prior public information provided about the work, schedule and disturbances

Caution/warning board provided on site

Guards with red flag provided during work at busy roads

Workers using appropriate PPE (boots, gloves, helmets, ear muffs etc)

Workers conducting or near heavy noise work is provided with ear muffs

Contractor is following standard & safe construction practices

Deep excavation is conducted with land slip/protection measures

First aid facilities are available on site and workers informed

Drinking water provided at the site

Monitoring Items Compliance

Toilet facility provided at the site

Separate toilet facility is provided for women workers

Workers camps are maintained cleanly

Adequate toilet & bath facilities provided

Contractor employed local workers as far as possible

Workers camp set up with the permission of PIU

Adequate housing provided

Sufficient water provided for drinking/washing/bath

No noisy work is conducted in the nights

Local people informed of noisy work

No blasting activity conducted

Pneumatic drills or other equipment creating vibration is not used near old/risky buildings

Signature

Sign off

Name Name Position Position

360


Appendix 22: Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Format

I. INTRODUCTION

• Overall project description and objectives

• Environmental category as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009

• Environmental category of each subproject as per national laws and regulations

• Project Safeguards Team

Name Designation/Office Email Address Contact Number

1. PMU

2. PIUs

3. Consultants

• Overall project and sub-project progress and status

• Description of subprojects (package-wise) and status of implementation (preliminary, detailed design, on-going construction, completed, and/or O&M stage)

Package

Number

Components/

Lis t of Works

Status of

Implementation (PreliminaryDesign/

Detailed Design/On-going

Construction/Compl

eted/O&M)a

Contract Status

(specify if under bidding or contract

awarded)

If On-going Construction

%Physical Progress

Expected Completion

Date

a- If on-going construction, include %physical progress and expected date of completion.

II. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH NATIONAL/STATE/LOCAL STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL

REQUIREMENTS

Package

No.

Subproject

Name

Statutory

Environmental Requirements

Status of

Compliance

Validity

if obtained

Action

Required

Specific

Conditions that will require

361

environmental monitoring as

per Environment

Clearance, Consent/Permit to Established

a- All statutory clearance/s, no-objection certificates, permit/s, etc. should be obtained prior to award of contract/s. Attach as appendix all clearance obtained during the reporting period. If already reported, specify in the “remarks” column.

b- Specify (environmental clearance? Permit/consent to establish? Forest clearance? Etc.)

c- Specify if obtained, submitted and awaiting approval, application not yet submitted.

d- Example: Environmental Clearance requires ambient air quality monitoring, Forest Clearance/Tree- cutting Permit requires 2 trees for every tree, etc.

III. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LOAN COVENANTS

No. (List schedule

and paragraph

number of Loan

Agreement)

Covenant Status of Compliance Action Required

IV. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (REFER TO

EMP TABLES IN APPROVED IEE/S)

• Confirm if IEE/s require contractors to submit site-specific EMP/construction EMPs. If not, describe the methodology of monitoring each package under implementation.

Package-wise Implementation Status

Package

Number

Component s

Design Status (Preliminary

Design Stage/ Detailed

Design Completed)

Final IEE based on Detailed Design Site-specific EMP (or

Construction EMP)

Approved by Project

Director?

(Yes/No)

Remark s

Not yet

due

(detailed design not

yet completed

)

Submitted

to ADB

(Provide Date of

Submission )

Disclose

d on

project website

(Provide Link)

Final IEE

provided to

Contractor/

s (Yes/No)

• Identify the role/s of Safeguards Team including schedule of on-site verification of reports submitted by consultants and contractors.

362


• For each package, provide name/s and contact details of contractor/s’ nodal person/s for environmental safeguards.

• Include as appendix all supporting documents including signed monthly environmental site inspection reports prepared by consultants and/or contractors.

• With reference to approved EMP/site-specific EMP/construction EMP, complete the table below

• Provide the monitoring results as per the parameters outlined in the approved EMP (or site- specific EMP/construction EMP when applicable).

• In addition to the table on EMP implementation, the main text of the report should discuss in details the following items:

(i) Grievance Redress Mechanism. Provide information on establishment of grievance redress

mechanism and capacity of grievance redress committee to address project-related issues/complaints. Include

as appendix Notification of the GRM (town-wise if applicable).

(ii) Complaints Received during the Reporting Period. Provide information on number, nature, and

resolution of complaints received during reporting period. Attach records as per GRM in the approved IEE.

Identify safeguards team member/s involved in the GRM process. Attach minutes of meetings (ensure English

translation is provided).

o Confirm if any dust was noted to escape the site boundaries and identify dust suppression techniques followed for site/s.

o Identify muddy water was escaping site boundaries or muddy tracks were seen on adjacent roads. o Identify type of erosion and sediment control measures installed on site/s, condition of erosion and sediment control measures including if these were intact following heavy rain;

o Identify designated areas for concrete works, chemical storage, construction materials, and refueling. Attach photographs of each area.

o Confirm spill kits on site and site procedure for handling emergencies. o Identify any chemical stored on site and provide information on storage condition. Attach photograph.

o Describe management of stockpiles (construction materials, excavated soils, spoils, etc.). Provide photographs.

o Describe management of solid and liquid wastes on-site (quantity generated, transport, storage and disposal). Provide photographs.

o Provide information on barricades, signages, and on-site boards. Provide photographs.

o Provide information on o Checking if there are any activities being under taken out of working hours and how that is being managed.

363

Summary of Environmental Monitoring Activities (for the Reporting Period)a

Impacts (List

from IEE)

Mitigation

Measures (List from IEE)

Parameters Monitored (As a

minimum those identified in the IEE should be monitored)

Method of

Monitoring

Location of

Monitoring

Date of

Monitoring Conducted

Name of Person

Who Conducted the Monitoring

Design Phase

Pre-Construction Phase

Construction Phase

Operational Phase

a Attach Laboratory Results and Sampling Map/Locations

364


Overall Compliance with CEMP/EMP

No. Sub-Project

Name

EMP/ CEMP

Part of Contract Documents (Y/N)

CEMP/ EMP

Being

Implemented (Y/N)

Status of

Implementation

(Excellent/ Satisfactory/

Partially Satisfactory/ Below Satisfactory)

Action

Proposed and

Additional

Measures Required

V. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE PROJECT

• Brief description on the approach and methodology used for environmental monitoring of each subproject

VI. MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON PROJECT SURROUNDINGS (ambient air,

water quality and noise levels)

• Brief discussion on the basis for monitoring

• Indicate type and location of environmental parameters to be monitored

• Indicate the method of monitoring and equipment to be used

• Provide monitoring results and an analysis of results in relation to baseline data and statutory requirements

As a minimum the results should be presented as per the tables below.

Air Quality Results

Site No.

Date of Testing

Site Location

Parameters (Government Standards)

PM10 µg/m3

SO2 µg/m3

NO2 µg/m3

Site No.

Date of Testing

Site Location

Parameters (Monitoring Results)

PM10 µg/m3

SO2 µg/m3

NO2 µg/m3

Water Quality Results

Site No.

Date of Sampling

Site Location

Parameters (Government Standards)

pH Conductivity µS/cm

BOD mg/L

TSS mg/L

TN mg/L

TP mg/L

Site No. Date of Sampling Site Location Parameters (Monitoring Results)

pH Conductivity BOD TSS TN TP

365

µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

Noise Quality Results

Site No. Date of Testing Site Location LAeq (dBA) (Government Standard)

Day Time Night Time

Site No. Date of Testing Site Location LAeq (dBA) (Monitoring Results)

Day Time Night Time

VII. SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES AND REMEDIAL ACTIONS

• Summary of follow up time-bound actions to be taken within a set timeframe.

APPENDIXES

• Photos

• Summary of consultations

• Copies of environmental clearances and permits

• Sample of environmental site inspection report

• Other

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Appendix 23 : Guidelines for Safety during Monsoon/Heavy rainfall

Excavation and refilling of earth are common activities, which, if not carefully executed may pose problems to the safety of works as well as passersby and road users during

the impending Monsoon.

Normal and heavy rainfall event affect our ongoing works, It should be our conscientious effort to ensure that such events do not prove to be problematic to

people and structures in town. During monsoon PIU/PMDSC should ensure that any further excavation work is taken up only after ensuring that the earlier work is in safe stage. It is desired that DCM/ACM & Ex En PIU should inspect all sites during rains and take proactive actions.

Some of the precautions and mitigation measures to be taken are discussed below-

1 The execution of works having deep excavation in smaller lanes and congested areas should be completed well before monsoon. The works of deep excavation during monsoon should not be preferably taken up or extensive care should be taken for execution of such works.

2 The settlement in refilled trenches of sewerage and water supply lines may occur during monsoon. PMDSC and PIU team should inspect all sites after a storm to identify such reaches and take immediate corrective action by proper refilling and compacting. It is responsibility of all engineers to look after this activity during monsoon and ensure corrective actions from Contractor’s side.

3 The contractor’s crew should be equipped with vehicle, gum boots, raincoats, torch etc. to tackle such situation during and after rains. Adequate quantities of earth, debris and gravel should be stacked at strategic places so that no time is lost in procuring such material.

4 In trenches where pipe laying has been done and duly tested and approved, refilling should be done and all surplus material relocated to safe disposal sites such that it does not obstruct traffic or waterways.

5 All open ends of WS and WW pipelines should be firmly plugged to prevent debris from entering the pipeline. Manhole covers of sewer lines should be fixed in place to avoid any harm to road users.

6 Drains are primary or secondary carriers of storm water. Any unutilized construction material should be relocated to allow free passage of storm water. Surplus earth should be suitably and immediately be relocated to avoid earth from falling into the drain so that choking does not occur.

7 Overhead works should not be carried on in-weather conditions that threaten the safety of workers. More frequent checks on scaffold and bracings should be done during monsoon season.

8 Additional precautions should be taken of the power lines, ignorance and carelessness can cause major accidents and casualty.

9 Take preventive measures for water logging in working areas by providing dewatering pumps. Place bright and reflective warning signs.

10 Inspection should also be carried out before resumption of work after a shower/rain.

11 Storage of Construction Material: Steel & Cement are vital ingredients for quality construction work but in absence of proper storage, especially during monsoon, cement and steel may rapidly decline in quality and strength. Care should be taken to protect these materials and use of any exposed material should be allowed only after conducting fresh tests. Improper storage of such material should be reported to PIU/DSC and use of any apparently affected material should be done after permission of PIU/

367

Additional Precautions

1. Adequate set up and resources such as dewatering pumps, electrical routings etc should be planned ahead. Water logging on main roads to be avoided, where construction works are going on.

2. Ensuring the monsoon specific PPE’s issued in adequate and are used during monsoon.

3. Use of electric extension box should be avoided; extension cables (if used) should not be wet and damaged. Cables connections should be only weatherproof/ waterproof. Electrical and HSE personnel of contractor should visit permanent and running sites regularly. Transparent protective sheets/rain sheds should be placed for the power distribution boards.

4. Welding machines, bar cutting machines etc. should be kept in dry conditions; should not stand in water logged area. Breakers and Drill machines should not be used when raining; dirt/mud should be scrubbed with cloth.

5. Special Trainings to all drivers and operators on safe practices and all vehicles/ equipment’s maintenance checks to be more frequent.

6. High boom equipment to be stopped during blowing of high speed wind and rain storm. Arresting of parked vehicles, equipment during monsoon should be done.

7. All chemicals should be stored as per MSDS, chemicals to be protected from water ingress. Chemical waste should be disposed for preventing overflow of chemicals.

8. At labor camps following precautions should be taken:-

• Maintaining hygiene & proper housekeeping.

• Additional health checkup camp to identify seasonal diseases

• Preventive measures on mosquito/parasite breeding mainly in work locations and camps

• Frequent cleaning of toilets

• To avoid water borne diseases, high level of cleanliness to be maintained, drinking water containers need to be cleaned and kept covered. Walk areas and pathways to be covered with Murom and soft rock particles (to avoid soft soil conditions).

• Obstacle free approach to rest sheds, camp and toilets.

• Proper illumination, provision of battery operated emergency lights

• No bonfires inside resting sheds. No use of wood.

PIU and PMU should oversee the arrangements to effectively deal with the eventuality.

EHS officer of contractor should visit each site and camps more frequently.

Contractor/EHS officer will also impart training on safe working methods during Monsoon and will keep a daily watch on weather conditions to share with site team to act accordingly.

Contractor should organize Monsoon Health Camps and Monitor Workmen Habitat and Hygiene.

368


Appendix 24: Environmental Monitoring Plan - Ambient Air, Noise, Water and Soil

1. Under UUSDA works Environmental Monitoring will done for ambient air, noise, surface

water, ground water and soils with following parameters- A. Ambient Air Quality- Particulate Matters PM10, Particulate Matter PM2.5, SOx, NOx, Carbon Monoxide (CO) as per methods and norms approved by CPCB B. Ambient Noise Quality- Lday and Lnight (in LeqdBA) 24 hrs basis as per methods and norms approved by CPCB B. Ambient Noise Quality- Lday and Lnight (in Leq dBA) 24 hrs basis as per methods and norms approved by CPCB C. Surface Water Quality- pH, Turbidity, Total Hardness, DO, BOD, COD, Chloride, Hg, Iron, TDS, TSS, Calcium, Zn, Cr+6, Magnesium, Copper, Manganese, Sulphate, Cyanide, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium, Fluoride, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, Boron, Selenium, Aluminium, Total residual Chlorine D. Ground Water Quality- pH, TDS, Total Hardness, Zn, Chloride, Iron, Copper, DO, Manganese, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, Hg, Cadmium, Cr+6, Arsenic, Lead, Total Alkalinity, Phosphate, Phenolic compound E. Soil quality- pH, Elect. Conductivity (at 250C), Moisture (at 1050C), Texture (silt, clay, sand), Calcium (as CaO), Magnesium (as Mg), Permeability, Nitrogen (as N), Sodium (as Na), Phosphate (as PO4), Potassium (as K), Organic Matter, oil and grease

2. During pre-construction stage monitoring is required to establish baseline at following sites-

Environmental Monitoring in Pre-Construction Period

Sr. No.

Type of monitoring and Parameters

Location of monitoring and no. of samples Total No. of

samples (A)

1 Ambient Air Monitoring

STP site-1; TW/OHT site -1 Pipe laying locations within the town preferably near sensitive receptor – 3 Construction /workers camps - 1

6

2. Ambient Noise monitoring STP site-1; OHT site -1 Pipe laying locations within the town preferably near sensitive receptor – 3 Construction/workers camps - 1

6

3 Ground Water quality Workers camp site-1; TW location at Nai Basti-1 Pipe laying locations within the town preferably near sensitive receptor – 3 Construction camp site - 1

6

4. Soil Quality STP site-1; OHT site -1 Pipe laying locations within the town preferably near sensitive receptor – 1 Construction camp site – 1 Agrictural /plantation sites – 2 Workers camp site-1

6

5. Surface water quality 6 locations will be selected based on the location of surface water bodies closer to the STP treated water disposal site in Bindal river, and at storm water outfall points

6

3. During construction stage below monitoring should be done on minimum quarterly basis at the following sites-

369

Environmental Monitoring in Construction Period

Proposed sites Ambient

Air quality

Ambient Noise quality

Surface water

quality **

Ground Water

Quality Soil Quality

STP site 1 1 1

1

TW/OHT 1ite 1 1 1 -

Pipe laying site within the town preferably near sensitive receptor*

1 1 1

Construction camp/storage yards/ Workers Camps

1 1 1 1

Agricultural / plantation location

- - - - 2

Total number of samples in each quarter (B)

4 4 4 4 4

Total number of samples in construction period (D)

44 44 44 44 44

Total number of Samples in Pre-constructions and Construction Phases (E)

50 50 50 50 50

** Surface water monitoring locations will be selected based on the location of surface water bodies closer to the STP

treated water disposal site in Bindal river and at storm water outfall points

Calculation of total Number of samples-

▪ Project construction period = 42 months =14 quarters

▪ Pre-construction phase = 3 months =1 quarter

▪ Monsoon period in each year =3 months =1 quarter (July-Sept)

▪ Monsoon period in project duration = 3 quarter

▪ Effective period of environmental monitoring during construction period (C) =

(14 - 3 ) =11 quarters

▪ Total number of samples in construction period (D) = B x C

▪ Total number of Samples in Pre-constructions and Construction Phases (E) = (A + D)

Note –

• All the tests should be done by labs approved by CPCB and/or UEPPCB and should be accredited by NABL

• All the tests should be done as per the norms and methods approved by CPCB/UEPCB

• All the meteorological data like weather, wind, location, nearby features etc. should be recorded during sampling and indicated in the report for ambient air quality

• If surface water is not available within 500 meters of the site, ground water quality monitoring should be done from the vicinity within 500 meters and if both surface and ground water is available at any site both should be taken

• For air quality monitoring, if any two sites are within the distance of 2 kms from each other, only one sampling can be done at any site

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Appendix 25: COVID-19 Transmission through Fecal Matter and Workplace Safety Measures for Waste Water Works During Operation Phase.

Coronavirus infections are a serious threat to health systems globally. The frequency of outbreaks with these viruses calls for concerted efforts to understand their occurrence and survival in different environments and how that may contribute towards an increase in infections. The current knowledge on the occurrence of coronaviruses in wastewater is limited and still evolving, this makes it difficult to fully understand their behaviour in this environment. However, a few reports of viral RNA belonging to these viruses in wastewater indicates this could potentially expose larger numbers of people to these infections.

Wastewater treatment and septage management status. The developing nations are generally poor in treating the wastewater and fecal sludge effectively and in many cases, the wastewater is discharged into surface water bodies without any treatment. For example, India treats only 37% of wastewater, while the situation in other South-East Asian countries is alarming (Vietnam, 10%; Pakistan, 8%; Philippines, 4%; Indonesia, 1%) .Moreover, the performances of operational sewage treatment plants (STPs) are not satisfactory. For example, effluents from only about 39% STPs in India could meet the general standards prescribed by the Environmental (Protection) Agency (Central Pollution Control Board, India) for discharge into streams (ENVIS, 2019).

In most of the cases, the treatment and disposal of fecal sludge and septage from the onsite sanitation systems are not as per the standards. This means the risk of partially treated or untreated sewage/wastes from onsite sanitation system from COVID-19 affected areas carrying viruses into water bodies could be quite high. As most rural population use the surface or groundwater without further treatment for daily household activities like washing and cleaning, it would have a direct impact on public health (Treacy, 2019). For viruses present in faeces, water, surfaces or insect vectors e.g. houseflies, cockroaches, and another organism in contact with human faeces might act as possible transmission routes (Heller et al., 2020; Dehghani et al., 2020).

COVID-19 basics for Water/Wastewater Systems. The U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) says: “The virus has been detected in the feces of some patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The amount of virus released from the body (shed) in stool, how long the virus is shed, and whether the virus in stool is infectious are not known”.

The risk of transmission of COVID-19 from the feces of an infected person is also unknown. However, the risk is expected to be low based on data from previous outbreaks of related coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). There have been no reports of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 to date.

At this time, the risk of transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19 through sewerage systems is thought to be low. Although transmission of COVID-19 through sewage may be possible, there is no evidence to date that this has occurred. SARS, a similar coronavirus, has been detected in untreated sewage for up to 2 to 14 days. In the 2003 SARS outbreak, there was documented transmission associated with sewage aerosols. Data suggest that standard municipal wastewater system chlorination practices may be sufficient to inactivate coronaviruses, as long as utilities monitor free available chlorine during treatment to ensure it has not been depleted. The main conclusions that can be drawn from various studies are;

(i) Coronavirus RNA are shed in feces leading to their occurrence in wastewater. This

could assist in early detection of outbreaks as well the use of wastewater-based

epidemiology for estimation of infection levels in populations.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539828/#bib15





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(ii) The viruses can survive for few hours to days in wastewater, remaining infectious in

the process. Therefore, exposing the general public and wastewater treatment plant

workers to possible risks of infections.

(iii) The survival of coronaviruses in wastewater is influenced by several factors, such as

viral structure, temperature, wastewater composition/characteristics and pH.

(iv) Additionally, conventional wastewater treatment processes can potentially inactivate or

remove these viruses. However, the viral RNA may still be found in the treated

wastewater.

COVID-19 Preparedness for Wastewater System during Operations Phase:

Wastewater and sewage workers should use standard practices, practice basic hygiene precautions, and wear personal protective equipment (PPE). Wastewater treatment plant operations should ensure workers follow routine practices to prevent exposure to wastewater. These include using engineering and administrative controls, safe work practices, and PPEs normally required for work tasks when handling untreated wastewater.

Water supply and wastewater management are essential services and need to be geared up in order to prevent any interruptions due to any pandemic events like COVID-19. The following measures will be in place to ensure seamless operations during such events.

i. Identify essential employees required to maintain continuous operation and designate an emergency backup or alternative shift rotations for these employees in case they cannot report to work.

ii. Encourage personnel to practice good hygiene and infection-control practices. Encourage personnel to stay home if they are sick or exposed to someone who is sick. Provide work-from-home where possible or sick leave options for those under quarantine.

iii. Limit meetings, gatherings and travel. Encourage personnel to postpone all non-essential travel and practice social distancing.

iv. Partner with neighbouring systems, contractors, retirees, and the Municipality to identify operators who can substitute for personnel on an emergency basis.

v. Review and/or update current system’s emergency response plan and contacts. Identify key customers— hospitals or care facilities—with special needs.

vi. Update and/or create detailed written instructions for crucial operations (i.e. shutdown, waste water quality sampling, public notification).

vii. Consider emergency food and overnight necessities at 24-hr facilities. Stay stocked on chemical supplies, test kits, and sample bottles. Order products ahead of schedule to avoid delays should chemical suppliers and labs experience understaffing.

viii. Generate a back-up supplier contact list for essential chemical and operation needs.

ix. Discuss cyber-security precautions when using remote access. Back up critical files frequently as a prevention measure to restore data.

x. Disposal of Fecal Matter and Sewage (reference: Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment : Zhejiang University School of Medicine

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html

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▪ Before being discharged into the municipal drainage system, fecal matter and

sewage must be disinfected by treating with chlorine-containing disinfectant (for

the initial treatment, the active chlorine must be more than 40 mg/L). Make sure

the disinfection time is at least 1.5 hours;

▪ The concentration of total residual chlorine in the disinfected sewage should

reach 10 mg/L.

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Appendix 26: ADB’s Interim Advisory Note on Protecting the Safety and Well-Being of Workers and Communities from COVID-19 (2020)

374


376


378


380


382


Appendix 27 : Preliminary Environmental Audit Report of Existing Sewerage System at Kargi, Dehradun

I Introduction

1 The existing 68 MLD capacity Kargi STP based on the SBR process and equipped with septage co-treatment facility was built and commissioned in October 2015 as a part of ADB loan project 44. It comprises of receiving chamber,coarse screen (manual and mechanical), raw sewage sump, pump house, stilling chamber, fine screen (manual and mechanical), grit chamber, parshall flume, SBR basin, chlorine contact tank, sludge sump, and centrifuge.

The Kargi STP is located at Haridwar by pass road adjacent to Bindal river in Kargi

zone in Dehradun (co-ordinates: 30o17’11.30”N and 78o00’58.25”E) and land of the existing STP is owned by Nagar Nigam Dehradun. The total area for STP is 3.12 hectare (equivalent to 7.71 acres). Bindal river drainage zone also collects sewage from western part of the city for the existing Kargi STP. The sewage generated from the areas under Kargi zone are also being treated in this STP. The STP has backup generator, which is an emergency diesel generator set (750 KW capacity) as emergency power for common and essential services / utilities. The Kargi STP is away from habitations (100m), and do not have any nearby notable sensitive environmental features The existing treatment technology, SBR, being an aerobic process and conducted in a compact and a closed system with automated operation, therefore odour nuisance will be very minimal and negligible. At present, the Kargi STP is receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage against the 68 MLD design capacity and only 130 KLD of FSS is presently being disposed at Kargi STP for treatment (NIUA 2021). .

Based on report “Co-Treatment of Septage at STPs of Ganga Towns in Uttarakhand” by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), 2019 the design and operation related information about the existing 68 MLD Kargi STP are discussed below

II . Flow sheet The typical flow sheet of STP is provided in Figure 1

Figure 1: Flow sheet of 68 MLD STP

44 ADB. Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program-Project 1; and ADB. Uttarakhand Urban

Sector Development Investment Program-Tranche 2.




383

III. Design parameters & unit sizes

The STP is designed for an average flow of 68 MLD and a peak flow of 153 MLD. The design inlet and outlet water quality parameters are summarized in Table 1. The unit sizes are summarized in Table 2.

Table 1: Inlet and Outlet Water Quality Parameters

Table 2: Unit Sizes of STP

IV.. Flow Variation Flow variations are needed for obtaining peak and lean flows. The peak factor is one of

the essential criteria for the design of preliminary treatment units and the flexibility of the biological process to handle peak flows. The average flow measured was 734 m3/h or 17.62 MLD, and peak flow was 2,953 m3/h with a peak factor of 4 on 14-15th June 2019,

V.. Composite sampling & analysis

For composite sampling, representative samples were collected at a regular time interval of 3-h on 14-15th June 2019. The flow rate was recorded by pump operation. The representative samples were then integrated by mixing together the portions of the individual samples relative to the flowrate at sampling time to make a composite sample. Analyses of alkalinity, COD, BOD, TSS, NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4–P were carried out as per the Standard Methods (APHA, 2012) and presented in Table 3. The results show that almost all parameters satisfy the design outlet quality.

Table 3 : Results of Composite Sample

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VI.. Strategies for Septage addition for design and actual COD, BOD and TSS

loadings

Based on the design COD, BOD, and TSS loadings calculations the safe load for septage addition is assumed as 80% of the design load. The safety factor is taken for consideration of harmful effects by Oil & Grease, cleaning agents, etc., on BOD, COD, TSS, and nutrient removal.

Table 4: Design COD, BOD, and TSS Loading

Actual COD, BOD, and TSS loading during the day (i.e. 8:00 am to 4:00 pm) was intermittent and higher than design loading capacity. Therefore, during this duration, co-treatment is not possible. To achieve co-treatment at the STP, the septage should be added between 4:00 pm to 8:00 am. After providing a storage facility, co-treatment can be done during the provided hours.

VII.. Salient Features of the Kargi STP Sr. No

Components Particulars Descriptions

1 1 Name of Plant Sewerage Treatment Plant(STP) at Kargi, Dehradun

2 2 Capacity of the STP 68 MLD (At present, the Kargi STP is receiving only 12 to 15 MLD sewage)

3 3 Technology used Extended Aeration Sequential Batch Reactor Pocess (SBR)

4 4 Executing agency Urban Developmet Department , Govt. of Uttarakhand

5 5 Implementing agency: Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA). The O& M contractor is M/s Gharpure Engineering & Construction (P) Ltd.

6 1Land ownership details Nagar Nigam Dehradun (Total land area of STP:

385

Sr. No


6 3.12 Ha)

7 17 Estimated/Final cost of STP 45.33 Cr.

8 18 O&M period of contract 60 months

9 19 Tree plantations done under this project (nos. and types of trees)

300 numbers

10 22 Status of Consent to Establish (CTE) from Pollution Control Board:

Obtained on 16th May 2008 (Ref. Enclosure 1)

11 24 Status of Consent to Operate (CTO) from Pollution Control Board:

Renewed on 29th July 2019 (Ref. Enclosure 2)

12 25 Validity of CTO Upto 31st March 2022

13 32 Compliance with Effluent Standards (iii) treated effluentquality analysis results of Kargi

STP (Enclosure 4), for the year 2019 and 2020 (upto October) reveal that all outlet water quality parameters, i.e.,BOD, pH and TSS are well within the standards prescribed by the UEPPCB per approved CTO. BOD values range from 8.08 to 9.56 mg/L and are below the 30 mg/L standard. Meanwhile, pH values range from 7.54 to 8.23 and also comply with the standard range which is 6.5-9.0. Lastly, TSS, with values from 9.30 to 13.78 mg/L, are well within the 100mg/L standard.

(iv) The outlet water quality results for pH, BOD and TSS are also well within the Effluent Discharge Standards for STP as per National Green Tribunal (NGT) order dated 30.04.2019 (Appendix 4), except for COD values which are almost at the standard level. Outlet water quality values are presented in the table below, in comparison with the UEPPCB and NGT standards.

Param- eters

Outlet water quality results (2019 -2020)

(Range)

Effluent Discharge Standards for STPs

(NGT) order dated

30.04.2019

Standard UEPPCB

(as prescribed in CTO)

PH 7.54 -8.23

5.5-9.0 6.5-9.0

BOD 8.08 -9.56

Not more than 10 mg/l


COD 40.13 -50.91


-

TSS 9.30 -13.78



386


Sr. No


P-Total (mg/l)- for discharge into ponds/lakes

- Not more than 1.0 mg/l

-

N-Total (mg/l)

- Not more than 10 mg/l

-

Fecal Coliform (MPN/100ml)

- Desirable- Less than 100 Permissible-230

Less than 1000

Source : UUSDA

14 33 Reuse/disposal of treated effluent from STP:

The treated effluent is being utilized for gardening/green area development within the STP premises. Balance is being discharged into the adjoining Bindal river as approved under the CTO through a covered drain of about 250 m length .

15 34 Sludge management

The dewatered sludge from centrifuge is currently disposed off to a suitable location within the STP premises for further drying and use as manure. The surplus/excess sludge (if any) is disposing off to Government owned landfill site with a solid waste management plant at Shisambara45 at about 25 km away.

16 36 Status and type of electricity connection: dedicated grid supply with approved load

2000 KVa

17 37 Whether DG set installed, if yes give capacity and type of DG set

750 KW

18 38 Whether consent from Pollution Control Board taken for DG set

Yes

19 39 Fresh water requirements/day (for domestic use) and type of water supply

By means of bored /tube wells. Required for about 21 persons at STP Campus.

20 42 Numbers of employees proposed for operation of plant (designation wise numbers of employees):

1 no Plant Manager

1 no Plant Engineer

4 no Plant Supervisor

2 no Centrifuge operator

2 no Fitter

1 no Helper

1 no Chemist

1 no Lab Assistant

3 no Guard

45 The Shishambara waste management plant was inaugurated in January 2018 under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) scheme of the central government with an aim to achieve scientific collection, disposal and processing of around 350 metric ton of waste produced in the city every day. Shishambara solid waste management plant on 8.3 hectares in the city and is being implemented on the public private partnership (PPP) mode.The operations at the plant include composting, recycling, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as well as sanitary land fill (SLF). The biggest advantage of the plant is that it is completely covered so there is no chance of any stench going outside.

387

Sr. No


5 no Gardner/Cleaner

Photographs of Existing Kargi STP

Administrative Buildings and Laboratory

Administrative Buildings and Laboratory

388


389

ENCLOSURE 1: Consent to Establish Certificate

390


CONSENT TO ESTABLISH CERTIFICATE for STP 68 MLD, DEHRADUN

TRANSCRIPT,

UEPPCB vide its letter number UEPPCB.H. O/ NOC-1213/08 /241 dated issued the 16th May 2008 to M/s Uttarakhand urban Sector Development Investment Program by member secretary UEPPCB.

1 Name of the Project: 68 MLD, capacity Sewerage Treatment plant (A) Site: Bindal River Bank, Mazri, kargi, Dehradun (B) Production: 68 MLD STP (C) Raw Material: Sewerage (D) Industrial effluent: No (E) Used Fuel: Nil

Any change in above conditions will be liable to avail permission.

Other conditions are as follows,

(i) The consent is under water and air act additional permission for the unit will be the responsibility of the operator/agency,

(ii) STP shall be established as per the proposed technical specifications, (iii) Monthly report for the operation of essential machines/equipment’s/ reports

such as green belt, effluent treatment, Air pollution will be submitted by the operator/agency,

(iv) The agency will Operation of the STP will be subject to consent under water and Noise (CoPI) from the Board, Board will be intimated two months prior to its establishment referring to the consent availed, so that if the units fails to abide to the specified effluent standards than will be liable to legal implications as per rule.

(v) Unit will be liable to ensure the inspection by the regional office prior to the trial run.

(vi) Domestic Sewer upto 2KLD /House will be treated through the STP. (vii) Consent to establish is only for the domestic sewer not any industrial

/commercial effluent, (viii) STP operator should provide the annual environmental statement by the

September of each year, (ix) Unit should be run in a way that the Ambient Air quality environmental

standards never exceed to specified specifications by the board, (x) The effluents should be disposed in a wat that it doesn’t cause any Air,

Water and Soil pollution. (xi) Unit should be run in a way that it doesn’t generate pollution related

grievances, if any such public grievance arises then on due verification of the grievance, the CTE be provoked and the operator/agency will be held responsible for the same,

(xii) 3 layers of green belt with dense canopy of evergreen vegetation bearing plants will be developed around the STP premises and no construction will be done in that green belt area,

(xiii) Provision roof Roof top rain water harvesting system will be established in the STP campus,

(xiv) The unit will abide to the hazardous chemicals and effluent rules 1989 and revised rules 2003 and will avail permission for the handling of the same from the board,

(xv) Operating agency will ensure all the health and safety provisions and will get the NOC for the same from the Board,

(xvi) Operating Agency will not establish Air and water polluting units,

391

(xvii) For health and safety provisions unit will avail the NOC from the board before operation of the unit,

(xviii) STP shall not be permitted to extent its capacity without the permission from the board,

(xix) The staff in the STP should not exceed to the gross number of 100 workers (xx) The unit should not establish the boiler/ furnace/oven/D. G set etc, (xxi) Preferably the treated effluent should be used for the irrigation /agriculture

purpose and should ensure that it doesn’t pollute the river water quality, (xxii) The CTE is subject to the honourable supreme court of India special

permission appeal number (Civil) S- 6023 -dated 10.6.08.

It is to notify that operator/agency will abide to the above conditions mentioned in the CTE, UEPPCB will have right to reject the CTE in case of unsatisfactory compliance of above conditions.

Sd(Member Secretary -UEPPCB-Dehradun)

ENCLOSURE 2: Consent to Operate Certificate

392


394


ENCLOSURE 3: PHOTOS SHOWING VARIOUS PROCESS AT 68 MLD STP AT KARGI

Sludge Drying Beds at STP Site Use of treated Sewer at STP Site

Covered Drain for discharge of treated effluent into Bindal River

Use of treated Sewer at STP Site

Covered Drain for discharge of treated effluent into Bindal River

Use of treated Sewer at STP Site

395

Dried Sludge at STP site Effluent discharge into Bindal River

Signage in STP site stating treated sewer available free of cost for nondrinking

purposes

Effluent outfall point

Shishambara Waste Management Plant

396


Source: UUSDA,2020

397

Appendix 28 : Photographs of Sample Road Stretches

Mothrowala Chowk Nai Basti

Daudwala Colony Area

398

Appendix 29: Natural Drains and Rivers where the Outfalls are Proposed

DIschage at Bindal River Nala in Mothrowala Area

Roadside drains in Mothrowala area

Existing drains within project area