illinois appellate court unpublished opinions first series
TRANSCRIPT
oTATL OF ILQINOIO
APPOLLATL COUR T
FOURTH DIoTRICT
OCTOBER TER M , A . D . 1945
Term. No . L305 Agenda ho
THE FIRo T LATIOLAL BANK OF
JONL SBORO , ILLINOIS , 6corpora t lon ,
v Appeal from the
Pla lnt l ff-Appe llee ,
C lrc u1 t Court 0
Unl on CountROAD DIoThICT no. 8 , U NIOL
COUhTY , ILLILOIb ,
De fendant-Ap p ellant .
Th u CLEAR CRLh u i U RAINAGL Al
LEVLE bIoTRICT , UN IOL A h D ALL I AN
DLH COU LTIL D , I L LIhO Is , THL
PAL STOh LLVbh A I D DRA IM AGL DIo T
RICT , UNIOh COU hTY , ILLIN OID ,
ROAD DIoTRICT no . 10 , U NION
COU NTY , ILLIu O Iu any nOAD O Io T
RIOT noz’
ll , UN ION COU NTY ,
ILLI NOIS ,
Defendants-App elle es
Thl S 1 5 a su l t ln e qu l ty brought bylfhe F l rst N a t lonal
Bank of Jonesboro , Illln 0 1 s , a corpora t lon ,{Pla lnt l ff—Appelle e
aga lnst Roa d Dlstrl c t ho . 8, Unl on County , Hefend a ntégppellant ,
and flh e Clea r Cre ek Dra lnage and Leve e Dlstrl c t , Unl on and
Alexander Coun t 1 es, /fhe B reston Lev e e a n d Dra i nage Dlstrl c t , Un i on
County , Roa d Dlstrl c t 1 0 . IO ,Unl on County , a nd Roa d Dlstrl c t b% .
ll , Unl on County , Defend ants- A ppe lle es, to d e t el ml ne wha t dl S
p 0 8 1 t 1 0 n should be made of the sum of I n the Fl rst h a t l up
a l Bank of Jonesboro , ln an a c c ount ent l tle d “Road Dlstrl c t Lo . 8,
Dra lna e Fund ," The bank soub ht to r estra i n App ellant , Roa d
Dlstrl c t Lo . 8 from proc e e dlnb w1 th the prose cut l on of a sul t a t
law , 1 nvolv1 ng thl S sum of money , and praye d for a d e cre e d e t e rmln
1ng the ownershlp of sa l d fund and d1r e c t1 ng dlsbursement . All of
the va rlous c la lmants to the fund were made part l es de fendant .
The fa c ts out oi Wt h th e controversy a rose a re se t f orth
ln the se c ond amended compla lnt and a dml t t ed by a ll the pa rtl es to
the sul t . The Appellant , Roa d Dustrl c t n o . 8, ln the years 19 15
and 1916 1ev1 e d ag a lnst the taxable property ln the dl strl c t the
respe c tlve sums of and for " dl t chlng to dra 1 n
roa ds" . The proc e eds a rlslng from the c olle c t l on of the sa ld taxes,
amountlng to the sum of C2124 . l9 were segrega te d from the oth er
funds of the dl strl c t and by I t on Jun e 9 , 1920 dep 0 5 1 t ed ln the
spe c l al a c count a bove mentl on ed, wh l ch w1 th a n a c c u mula t lon of
1 nterest there on now amounts to a tota l sum 0 1 Prlor to
the levy and colle c t i on of sa ld taxes,the appelle e dra lnage
dlstrl c ts and the hlller Pond Dra lnab e Dlstrl c t ha d lev1 ed aga l nst
the sa l d Road Dlstrl c t ho:8 Spe 0 1 a1 assessments for b enefl ts to
the roa ds of sa l d dlstrl c t by the dra lna g e 1mprovements construc t ed
by the sa l d dra lna é e dlst rl c ts.
bubse quent to the levy and c olle c t l on by Rba d Dlstrl c t no . 8
of the taxes dep 0 8 1 t ed ln the above spe c 1 a1 a c c oun t ,there have
b e en c rea t ed by the c ounty boar d of Unl on Count appelle es Roa d
Dlstrl c t Lo . 10 a nd Roa d Dlstrl c t No . 11 ,e a ch of Wt h 1 n c ludes
w1 th1n l ts bounda rl es t errl t ory formerly c onst l t utlng a pa rt of
Roa d Dlstrl c t ho . 8 .
On O c tober 24 , 1941 a i l h a l de c re e was ent ered p erma n ently
en 3 0 1 n1ng the sul t a t law , and l lng the amount due the Cle ar
Cre ek Dra lnage and Leve e Dlstrl c t a t and f rest on Lev e e
and Dra lnage Dlstrl c t a t Roa d Dlstrl c t 1 0 . 10 , C5 31 . 39
and Roa d Dlstrl c t ho . 11 , tha t the tota l exc e e ded the
amount of the fund ln questl on , tha t a l t er t he payment of costs
the fund be a pportl one d to t h e se pa rt l e s,a nd tha t d lstrlbut l on be
ma de by the bank a c c ordlngly . Roa d Dlstrl c t Lo . 8 perf e ct ed a n
appeal to the Supr eme Court of Illa l S , and tha t Court holdlng
tha t the re was no qu est l on 1 nvolve d wh l c h would l e tha t Court
Jurlsdl c tl on on dlre c t appea l , th e c a use wa s t ransfe rred t o thls
Court . Fl rst ua tl onal Ba nk 0 1 Jon esboro vs. Roa d Dlstrl c t M8 , 382
Ill . 508 . Th e appe a l b e lnb dlsmlssed by th l S c ourt , ( Fl rst
va tl ona l Bank Vs . Roa d Dlst . j8 , 322 Ill . App . 29 3 ) and appe a l
be lng therea ft er aga ln prose c ut ed t o the S upreme Court , and ca use
b elng rema nde d t o thls court , W1 th dlre c tl ons to cons1 der the
a 8 5 1 gnmen ts of error ra lsed ln the Supr eme Court ( F lrst Na t . b a nk
vs. Road D lst . ” 8 , 389 I ll . the case c ome s aga i n for c ons1 der
a t lon by th1 s court .
In a brl ef of 264 pag e s, app e lla nt alleg es 42 errors re ll e d
upon for r ev e rsal oi th e 1 1 nd1 n, ,orde rs
, Jud ,men ts an d de c re es
of the t rl a l c ourt . Uhl le a party has an un d oub t e d rl ht t o ma ke
or f1 1e a ll n e c essa ry a ss1 T n men ts of e rror,h e should not 1 n cr ease
the lr numb e r unne c essa rl ly . The pra c t l c e of l l llng 1 n t e rm1 na b1e or
unne c essa ry a 5 8 1Jnu e nt s ha s b e en r e p e a t e dly d i sa pprove d by the
c ourts a nd I D has be en sa l d tha t " such 1 nt e rm1 nab1e ass1 a e n ts,
1 nst ea d or 1mpress1 ng the c our t wl th th e tnouoht of a n 1mp er i e c t
trlal , ra th er ca S t dlscre dl t upon the wor th of any of th em ".
Chl cago Gr e a t West ern R Co . vs. u cDonough , 161 F ed . 657 . wnl le
not adherlnt ln l ts ent lrety t o tha t th eory , th l S c ourt w1 11
endeavor to c on8 1 der only th e questl ons whl ch , ln l ts opl nl on ,
se em to b e ma terla l to the Judgment . Not a ll of the 42 a ss1onmeu t s
of error n e ed be a lscussed sepa ra t e ly .
Th e flrst f lft e en a ss1 gnme n ts of error a tta ck the rullnb s
of the c ourt ma de on qu estl ons of law ra l sed by t h e plea dlngs. e s :
of a ma z e of volumlnous p1ea d1 n , , whl ch take up 2 2 9 pa g es of th e
a bstra c t we asc erta ln tha t by spe 0 1 a l plea s , thre e e leral d efense s
were offere d by appellant as a x a l nst a ll app elle es,nan ely la ch es ,
est oppel and the sta tut e of llml ta t l on .
The s ta tut e of l l ta t l on 1 s pure ly lega l a s c ontra
dlst lnb ul she d from an equl ta ble de fense . 21 C . J . 2 51 , Tot t en vs .
Tott en , 294 Ill . 70 , whetsler e t a l vs. S prague ,224 Ill . 461 .
Both la ches and estopp el depend upon the prl n c lple tha t I t 1 s
1 ne qu1 tab1e to enforce a rl g ht be ca use th e pa rty se ekl ng t o enl orc e
the rlght has mlsled the oth er pa rty and 1 s res;on 5 1 b1e for hl S
b e lng ln a pos1 t l on wher e he would now b e gre a tly 1n3 ur ed 1 f the
rl ght were enforc ed . Wh e tsler e t a l vs . Spra gue , supra . As to
munl c lpa l c orpora t l ons,th e sta tut e of llml ta t l ons,
la ches and
est opp el do not apply exc ep t as to prl va t e rl c hts, and c e rta lnly
would not apply a ga lnst a munl c lpa l c orpora t lon whose offl c ers
have merely fe l led to a c t . The c ase of Logan County vs . C l t j of
Lln c oln , 81 111 . 156 ,I S a case e ntl rely ln p 0 1 nt . In tha t case
the O l ty of Ll n coln sought to re c ov er l ts share of t ax mon ey
c olle c t e d by th e County , and the c oun ty ur f e d the de f enses of
llml ta t l ons, la ches and estopp el , a n d the Court held tha t none of
these de l enses w ere a val lable . In t h e 1 nstant c a se ,the a c ts of
a pp elle es ha v e only be en I n fa l ll ng t o a c t ,tha t I S
,to enfor c e
payment from the l und ln qu e S t l on of th e obllga t l ons of app e llant .
Th er e has b e en no a l l l rua tlv e a c t tha t has c a use d a ppe lla n t to
assu me a pos1 t l on su cn tha t l t would now be 1 n e qu1 ta ble to r e qul r e
t hem to change .
we a r e of the cp lnl on tha t the t r la l c ourt dl d not err l n
susta lnlng the mot l on to strlk e the sp e 0 1 a l pleas of a pp ellan t ,and
we flnd no othe r r ev erslble error ln a ny order of the c ourt ln
pass1 ng upon th e multl i a rl ous plea dlngs l n th e c ase .
The app ea l ln tnls case was ta k en w1 thout a supe rse d e as a nd
one of the errors a 8 8 1 gn e d oy app e llan t 1 s the r efusal of the t l‘
a l
Judg e to allow app ellan t , a munl c lpa l c orpor a t l on , t o app e a l w 1 th
out bond . Th e ob Je c t l ons t o the grant lné of a sup e rsedeas wl thout
bond wa s based on the cont ent l on on the pa r t of appe lle es,th a t the
appea l was a persona l vent ur e of th e counse l for appe llant , an d tha t
bond should be g i ven a s ln cases of 1 nd1 v1 d ua ls. The mer e r e fusa l
of a pa rty's motl on for sup e rse d eas w1 thout bond 1 s not subge c t to
reV 1 ew unless 1 t a ppe ars tha t ther e I S a clea r a ouse of the
descret l onary power lodg ed ln the trl al court . Anderson Transfer
Co . vs . Fulle r , 174 I11 . 221 , Ol ty of S,r1 ngf1 e1d vs. M cca rthy 7 9
Ill , App . 388 , Gorbly vs. Gorbly , 20 6 Ill . App . 527 , Hcha han vs.
Trautvett er , 30 5 I l l . 39 5 . We ar e of the O p lnl on tha t th ere wa s no
such a buse 0 1 descre t l on ln the , l nstant ca se . The re c ord d l scloses
no effort the rea ft er on the pa rt of appe llant to hav e a bond .f l xed
by the c ourt .
Compla lnt 1 s ma de by appellant as to the Cour t's fl ndl nfis a s
to fa c ts. These que st l ons seem to be present ed ln the a 5 8 1 gn ments of
errors 27 to 3 3 1nclusi ve . Th e trl a l Judge saw and heard the
w1 tnesses and ha d adva ntag es whl ch a n Appella t e Court does not
possess ln Judglng of the wel ght t C h should be g l v en to the l r
t estlmony where'
the re was confll c t . Under th e law and establlsh ed
rules or pra c t l c e the c onc lu 3 1 ons of th e tr1 a 1 Judg e should not b e
dlsturbed unless 1 t cle a rly app ea rs from the re c ord tha t such con
cluel ons a re wrong . C i ty of Quln cy vs. fi emp er 304 Ill . 30 3 , Kuehne
vs. na la ch 286 Ill . 120 , Podosk 1 vs. S tone 186 Ill . 540 , wood vs.
P1 1 0 6 46 Ill . 435 , m a rble vs. m arble , 304 I ll . 22 9 .
S trlpp ed of many of l ts unne c essary ram ni l c a tl ons, the r e c ord
shows tha t the fund ln que stl on I S the r esult of a spe c l a l levy
1 nc luded l n the regula r levy of Roa d Dlstrl c t no . 8 for the purpose
of payln pthe Judg ments obta l ne d by t h e dra lnag e dl strl c t ,
the
great er port lon of whl ch fun d wa s se t a srd e esp ec la lly for thls
purpose a n d a llowe d to r ema ln undlsdngbe d for more than twenty ye e _
2
Inasmuch as thls f und was ne V e r used fol the purpose for
whl ch l t wa s 1ev 1 ed and c olle c t e d , a nd th e dra lna g e assessn e nt s for
whl ch 1 t was lev1 ed and colle c t ed to pay , ha d not be en pa l d ( exc ept
those pa l d by the sa l d Roa d Dlstrl c ts) the trl al c our t , we bell ev e
prop erly , as an equl table ma t ter ,de cr e ed tha t th e rema lnlng assess
ments due the D ra lna ge Dlstrl c ts be pa l d , a n d tn e Roa d blstrl c ts re
1mbursed for the port i on or th e sa l d assessment so pa l d by them ,
plus i nt erest th ere on,there not b e lng suffl c l ent money l n sa ld fund
wi th whl ch to pay the a for esa l d amounts ln f ull ,the Court de cre ed
tha t the same be pro ra t ed to the sa ld Dra lnag e Dlst rl c ts and Roa d
Dlstrl cts ln the ra t lo tha t the r esp e c tl v e amounts du e bea rs to the
amount of sa ld fund .
A 3 8 1a en ts of error 17 to 2 3 , 1 nc lus1 v e , a lleg e 1mpr0 per a d
m1 ss1 on of ev i denc e offered on beha lr of Appelle es . Thl S 1nc ludes
obj e c tlon to the t esti mony of the w1 tness John E . Llngle , treasurer
of the Preston Dra lna g e Dlstrl c t and a lso of the Clea r Lak e Dra lna r e
Dl strl ct , where ln he t estl fl ed to c erta ln r ecords ,a s not b e lng th e
best ev 1 denc e, obJe c t l on to Appe lle e
's L xhlbl ts 10 and 11 ,” hl ch
were respe c tlv ely Treasurer's sta t ement re r ardlng wha t hls books
show Roa d Dlstrl c t ¢8 owes t o r reston bra lnat e Dlstrl c t , and
Tr easurer's sta t ement rega ru lng wha t h ls books show Roa d Dlstrl c e
no . 8 owes to Clear Lak e Dra lnage Dl S t l l C t on th e groun d tha t the se
were hea rsay , and th e t e st lmony of R . Wa lla c e na rrak er, a t torney
for Pla l nt l l f — A pp elle es and for De i e h dant - App e lle es, Dra l nag e
Dlstrl c ts, wl th re f er en c e to c erta ln sta t ements ma ne oy Pa ul D .
Re ese ,durln; negotl a tl ons for a compromi se oi tnls ma tt er .
It 1 s we ll se t tled ln C han c e ry pra c tl c e tha t whe re the
c ompet ent ev1 d en c e ls suffl c l e nt to uphold the de cre e, the same 11 11
not b e r ev ersed on a c c ount of the a dm1 5 8 1 on of i n c omp e t ent ev1 den c e,
as the presu mp tl on 1 8 tha t the chanc ellor dld not c ons1 der the
ev1 denc e whl ch was 1n cou pe t ent l n a rr1 v 1 ng a t hl S de c lsl on . Ba r ton
vs . Hayden , 19 9 Ill . App . 37 .
In S w1 ft vs. Castle,o 2 3 Ill . 2 09 , 1 t was sa l d by our S upreme
C ourt ; "The l que stl on present ed upon th e tr1 a 1 b e for e the chan c e llor
as well as ln the Appe lla t e Cour t , 1 s, upon a ll th e legl t lma t e
ev 1 denc e ln the c a use, wha t de cre e sh ould ue ren der e d . The
chanc ellor be 1 ng the Judg e of both law a nd ev i d en c e , the pr esuml t l on
1 8 , tha t ln r ender lng hls de cre e h e w1 11 only r ega rd th a t whl ch ls
legal and p ertln ent . I t I S the c orre c t pra c t l c e for th e
chanc e llor , a ft er th e ev1 denc e 1s hea rd , t o regard no port lon 0 1 1 t
Wt h ls 1m ma t er1 al or i llegal , and to de c l de the case a lone on the
legal ev 1 dehc e a dduc ed . It was a lso held l n Treleav en vs. Dlxon
119 Ill . 548 , tha t " Ih C hanc e ry cases, the whole r e cord , 1 n clud1 ng
a ll the ev1 dence off ered , 1 5 bef0 1 e us, a ne we a re requlr ed to
assu me tha t all the 1 nc omp et ent e V 1 denc e Wa s re Je c t ed ,a nd a ll th e
c omp e t ent ev1 denc e was a d ml t t ed and cons1 dered , on the l l h a l he ar
If there I S c ompe t en t ev1 denc e ln the re c ord sufrl c l ent to
susta ln the de cre e , l t must b e af i lrmed ,1 f not , 1 t muse b e
rev ersed , and thl S w1 thout r egard to wh ether the chanc e llor may h a ve
be en rl g ht or wrong ln hl S V l ews as to th e comp e t e ncy of the
ev1 denc e a t the h earl ng .
We a re of the oplnl on tha t the re wa s suffl c l en t comp e t ent
e V l denc e l n thls r e c ord,to Just l fy the de c r e e of th e tr1 a 1 court .
F lndl n,no r ev er8 1 ble e rrors l n the r e cord
,th e de c r e e of
Cl rc ul t COurt of Unl on Coun ty wlll b e a ffl ru ed .
A FFIRLED
J . and J . CONCUR .
ABO TI’in CT o
Trap L L A T C O m
C E Q K O i‘“T H E A
Te r
‘H L ?” N H» ,
so u r—“
m e 3 1m ?“
45 283
APPEAL FROMPla inti ff Appellee,
1 .su mm er: 0
THE NEW YORK, CHEOACO a ST . LOUISGOHhANY, a corpora ti on, COOK COUNTY.
Defendant Appellant .
HR. PRESIDINC JUSTICE RILEY DELIVERED TEE OPINION OF THE COURTo
thi s i s a . peraonal i njury ac ti on under the Federal
Employers‘Li abi li ty Ac t, ( 45 Verd i ct and Judgment
were for plai nti ff in the amount of Defendant has appealed.
Plai nti f f a resi dent of Frankfort , Indi ana , began to
work for defendant as an extra swi tohnan i n November of 19 42 .
He was ia red the ni ght or Apri l 5 , 1948 i n defendant's Frankfort
Yard, tne a result of the i njury hi s left leg was amputated a
tow i nohes above the know.
The Frankfort yard extends east and west for about a
mi le and a half . The tri al was focused upon approxima t ely
toot west of a cross track of the M anon Ra i lroad . There are 1 5
tracks i n the lard . Counti ng from the north the fi rst track , for
most of the di stance, i s the ”passi ng track.
“ The second i s th e
Lake Eri e “ma in,“herei nafter called the Ma i n. The thi rd i s the
“long“ trunk; The "
passi ng“ track swi tches i nto the M a i n near
the west and of the Yarde About 300 feet east of thi s swi tch
point a area: over swi tch Opens from the M a in to the “long“ track .
South of the ”long track“ are the balance of the tracks. Further
south . are vari ous ra i lroad bu i ldi ngs, n i ncludi ng the Yard off i c e .
The Kemp Canning Fac tory, The Horton O i l Company bui ldi ng
and the Rati onal Refini ng Company ar0,aecordi ng to a map submi tted
Ac cordi ng to pla i nti ff's test imony he was crossi ng the
Yard on hi s way to defendant's Yard Offi ce i n response to a call
for assi gnment to hi s ra i lroad duti es. He was, accordi ngly, at
work . Q , g, d or, P, R . gg. 5 5 Fed . Rep . ( 2 ) 866
M i n. v . new . 150 Fed . Rep . ( 2 ) 5 48 ; Eri c R . n Go .
In order to come under theAet plai nt i ff must show tha t
part of hi s duti es were in furtherance of , or i n some way di rec tly
or c losely and substanti ally a ffec ted , i nterstate commerc e . 45
M onies, 380 111 586
Plai nti ff testi fi ed that he was called to report for the
P. HL Job; that he had worked on that Job a great many t i mes:
that the fi rst assi gnment of that crew t he to change the engi ne on
Train No, 19: tha t the next assi gnment was a li ke performance on
Trai n Ne . 9 3 and that both of these were i nterstate trai ns.
defendant says tha t i f plai nt i ff was i njured i n the manner alleged,
there was a mere expectati on on hi s part tha t he would work on
i nterstate commerce. It reli es on w e R, g, G v . M 242
d . 3 . 503 , and many cases whi ch followed i ts ruli ng , for the rule
tha t more expec tati on of employment in i nterstate commerc e i s not
enough to bri ng an i njured employee wi thi n the Ac t . Among others,
we have read the followi ng cases on the questi on whether plai nti ff
was, when injured, engaged i n i nterstate commerc e . Eri e 3,‘
R, Go.
5 ° W W fi fi'2'20333 W ‘
A'W seq: fie“:
TM };
A I e’Ani a rulea eq
’Bufl efifiq rh yntenegn z e commenc e
“si te i
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A 0 pu s am we tan m m t w e“ on rm “N ews Am m an bra ver“
enoefip to onset en yntsnee enbyoxeo ureyyn goo voc*
ennui etyene'
eyeswe re ei heene crcn o; embroi meog ye regenessce commenc e In nos
3’
g‘gag
‘one nevi c e eee Apron goyyen eq rst Lerxue’not goo L ays
regeneae ce occasi on" It neyyee on fii i efgr
"
g*
0 5‘
A'
nos
rouse are e me te exbeecexyon on pro hen: see sno h ocyq ho ax on
on etim e si de new It Em inen t w e Intense w w e ow ns; cri nge?
st ern no*a} neg ape: pony oi geese here engenege z e gneye e
'
aneyn no'73 ! gene {we won; seerfl neee g ne t 3 Tyne hengcneenee on
not: fine z 1t h: en eyfieneug e; fine r onen ne e so enenfie fps chains on
ra gga b’
g'yep: gyng to pen nonfieq on fin fl ee e fit ter nevi abac k!
Q I‘
WW IH w arn i ng m en:we" w e Ge net: m w hom w e m e
nee III“nee
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” linem en?
en c j oeej i one enp eeeunye fz i ei geeoeq’
n ehegere connene e' eg
i ,
EDXfl T
bean e; pye genres R ene Tn gnnpcenenee ex’on yn cone nwi nyne egyh
In enqei so cone tweet facets bynynz rgl we es neon new:
Si? IFT’FBS
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a‘W “
T’s} new new to} we?W W fi
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new W W W ’
A‘ W on the
“new ( 5 ) net !
Lei weeyfineeog go pro ne gynee q qnz yee*
an ne a‘e eee cqynnfi
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gene on pye e el go c euqeez ,e xenq oz nye e ye L eebcuee re e eeyy
ve ee nqrnfi xo‘
breyupgl s ceegynonl no nee enc eeyefi nee
189 Atl. 188g ygg395557 . industrial commi ssi on, 3 67 111 . 5 96;
531. v . §g§gggg, 23 5 U . 8 . 47 3; gongg Pagigig G v . Industrial
Fed . new . one;W 7 . g, e n, n, 5 , Go. , eve 111 . 545 ; Vgli a
3 89 I114 586; gigggz ly . tgggggg finerygi gs Ra i lway Ge . , 5 46 111 . 122;
the htate cases c i ted generally i nvolve the questi on
‘
whether the injury cane uni on tho'
Wcrknene‘Gompeneati on Ac ts or
the Federal Enoloyere Li abi li ty Act, In these cases the rai lroads
were contending the Federal Ac t appli eé . fich e were dec i dea before,
one some after, the 19 5 9 Amendment to sec tion 51 of the Act; Thi s
amené ment was enacted to li berali z e the Ac t so as to protect
employees engaged interchangeably i n i nterstate and i ntrastate
commerce where, at the time of the injury, part of the employee's
duti es di rectly, closely and substanti ally affec ted i nterstate
We thi nk ei senssi on of the vari ous eases read. would not
be helpful in dec i di ng thi s point, Plai nti f f, when i njured, was
worki ng, Actuallyy ,he hoe not begun hi s enti c e, He cannot be
left in a vacnnm. We must say e i ther that he was worki ng i n i nter
state commerce or i ntrastate commerc e, The parti es sti pulated
in both i nterstate and intrastate commerc e, an thi s questi on of
W e eye: m u ne e “m em e “Emm i so event we w e enfiefioé
run aw met e were ewe rt eea eee c { anonfipI e so brt rvsrtz ‘ 3 6’event
tu peep recensgt ge v Tfl cb fl e cece commene e' an spi t eneeeren e;
u we seem an : we re zso n ew m swam ox. vh f: we“ w att“:
agate eee eeeee DL reefitegt ge eomeenee ’
ape beenree esrbfixwxeq
101g in e Aeeeew’fie use: eel ergpee see: as men ueLxsnfi In rugen~
ee exrv€*
woeeexyl‘ye use see pe
fi en ere eeere e‘
ge sc ene; pe
P0 worbz fix TH testersfi cure berna‘
trerucret‘even I fl fl at eq
‘axe
fifi sewn? gr ee ne exeu 0; eye a enrefi e e eee e Leeq neaj q Bog
entree qrneeerl‘ej oeej l eve aepelexgxe j j i eggee geq re geeegege
oemwe ne e apexe‘
a: ape arms 0 ; eye refl enl‘been 0 ; eye eebfelee ,e
embfeleee esfit fieq yncenepe fi geeprl In Iuceeegece eg g {ugz e epegc
rmengwenc eve r uee geq go frpexej rxe pee Ve g se e e 3 9 b eeeeoc
eve sows t zsee'ape reee vmq wev z so sessi on ex ex sue vcs' epre
g ene eoeseuq7efi ape geqeeer ve g eee j req*
game ne ee qeergeq peget e’
gpe Legeeef gebj ei ee e preprj rpl ve z’
In gpeee ee e e e ape Leryeeeqe
specpt t gee ( Elana emee fl eqee are eengmen e , ueee eneepree vage on
$ps 3 39 5 6 ee ee e ez geq aementyfi IUA Q IA & fins dfl 6 fi 3 7 0 9
At the tri al pla i nt i ff reli ed upon def endant's general
negl i genc e and vi olati on of i ts Rule 16 .
Where an employee i s i njured i n a swi tch movement and
claims negli gence through fa i lure to give a si gnal , he must show
tha t de fendant‘s servants knew or had reason to beli eve tha t he
was i n a plac e or danger. gagggggg§g_ n hlg, gihgg, 280 U . 8 .
v . Boston 5 g; En Ba» 62 Fed . ( 2 ) 782 . Plai nt i f f test i fi ed tha t
the ni ght of the acc i dent, after rec eiv i ng the call to work, he
entered the Yard and came to a frei ght trai n standi ng on the M a in;
tha t he spoke to a brakenan standi ng on the north si de of the trai n
and, ac cordi ng to eusten and observed by the brakenan, he c li mbed
betwe en the ears and tha t, wi thout warni ng , the trai n was moved
suddenly as a result of whi ch. he was thrown. and i njured , We
thi nk thi s testimony tended to prove the general negli genc e .
Where an i njured employee depends for recovery upon
the vi olati on of a custom or rule, he must show that he came wi thi n
the custom or rule . ghggggggggnn higl
v . hhha s; Thegsen v . Downez ,
aad w 7 . Ge Ix Kg go” 525 App ; 5 76, Plai nti ff
testi fi ed that the course he followed a ft er enteri ng the Yard
we e customary for him annih i s fellow m loyees; that thi s custom
was known to and acc ept ed by the defendant; wha t defendant's rule
No. 16 prescri bed two short blasts of a whi stle to si gnal the
starti ng of a trai n from a standi ng posi t i on; tha t the rule was
sustenari ly compli ed wi th; and that the trai n was standing and
suddenly moved wi thout the whi stle bei ng blown . We thi nk thi s
take to the jury the questi on whether
vi olati ng rule Nos 16;
o
nosrq Fi ll pea” 10 c ame so kph even a; gat e umq mos fees gpfi n goo
7 800 moat g as; 01 SEQ 5 13 6 3 ag axo bywrnczxx 8 5 18 pa na e j fi gg kg g )
boyng‘emeamqymfi pa ape g ab 3 apm7 3 gaq 5 3 3g rye parexs awe aoxc xpvy
Apexs cps LLQB £ any 0 1 csne use aufi onhreq 15 0m gpe gbwru'
LFTQ
ggua'wooexqgnfi go augyaaaz sq z a egywonh
‘ass eganqz fi fi
owxa 3 0 9 5 01 3 9 8 9 mane $0 3 8 4“
a pes spa cfi grme saaru mas measq‘pug fi pau fi g fese: gps gzxas gem
gnwz swwv Ha ve pe z ona moag czmfl ape chwzm anq awe znjaz eg‘so;
cayennei snfia aq so ep@ Qa nl ape: abags so qezsmqgfis5 a
ru innoq 8 Iz z cre se a: at £9 8 HG£THTBE cswbavl'
bfarfl crz z la
spnO fl ep 9 3 borwp wrong IQ 0 L gg g ame gxom cps ewfirfl e guq A 3 8
gurrqrnfi’0 8 9 8 so gys Ag G Q L gasyu acq ngynfi on spa asrn
’ wrympsq
gave; txgen empe brmfi gas gang mj gyfi gp @ .fi smt az qa c g gpe gaxgmyufi
‘nsxfl xufi'
v: five says} we geagrgreq ape ; pa omossaq “ppm bfi aagfl fl fl
vmq A? GC LE wag awe TU 3H& % Q M Q Q U aye sm% :u mas apgnseq n pofi g
t ug Iggy seas o; g agayqyna aneyapc £L$ IB c onayagrse on xv engi ne
gnwxamwn 6 1 gya w boee‘pa hoomwamaag u £6 pgea e en fps Iscp ‘
bywz wgrz g erj eaeq spas sxpga Ingenmyma qs;enq&a g,s
t ug bysrsgrgg, a &m@ jolwemc In ruceL egwge mommsxso‘
mvvrz oag asyfiwg ox pus earqeuaa Q H fps dfi osgygue 0 g { 3 3 9 9 5 178 3 3 6 3
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G Q H Q TQ O L sari cps gaa oxspj e earqgwee g ag Jugea aue aa
‘
manqyfifi 0g $3 19 I@’
In gfi arqrmfi sways aa a acrsua‘psxaA aL
‘as
ra z ea caosa gnaw 7 3 3 c hase—axwmrusg z su o; bIE ¥U £ILL JU Q { Lam gpa
ge agrwoua nnz aaexsp j e £9 byvyugJLL avg aagaeage HULSA Q Lfi pI Q
on cpsac Q GA SLE I da eegrana 0; Ian gagsngeng morass z
Ibi s divergence between plaintiff's allega tions and proof
and hi s attorney's argument i s a serious one . Allowing for the
prevailing darkness i n the ford, we still cannot reconcile the
divergent theories. Where a pla inti ff reli es upon negligence ,
arising from factswhich he alleges, he establishes a theory under
lying hi s case . The case he presents to the J ury should support
tha t theoryi Ki n opponent has the right to expec t such a presenta tion
i n preparing the de fense . In Nhie c ase , one theory was followed i n
proof and another i n argument . Both cannot be reconc iled with the
evidenc e and phyei eal fac tl i They are inconsistent with each other .
If the ac c ident happened as plaint iff's a ttorney argued to the J ary,
i t could not have happened as plaintiff said it had . Plaintiff
cannot have the advantage of Keaa'location wi thout the disadvantages.
If he wee injured where he cave he wee , he could not have been on
the cut of care whi ch was noVing . If he was injured i n the movement
of the out of care, he could not have been i njured. where he says
he was; i f we say that, because of hi s injury, he does not rec all
‘
where the acc ident occurred, we cast a . ehndow over all of h i s
testimony. In view of the distances whi ch . we have hereinbefore
marked and wi ll hereinafter refer to, we cannot be sai d to require
undue prec isi ono All of the defendant's employe es who testified
on the point , located the plac e of plaintiff's ia ry near the
Canning Fac tory, at almost 800 feet east of where plaintiff say!
he was injured and. nore than feet east of where pla intiff‘s
a t torney loca tes the i nJuf?e Q here i e no theory that the tra in
Pla intiff admit ted saying in the pro-trial deposi tion of
Kurd office as he was traveling on a line t outhweet from hi e home ,
He denied testi mony of a c cnvereati on wi th a fellow employee after
no waHrQ Q ~¢nmarnov1 0: t oouA ennfi grcn nxrp s z ofran embreksc
xusq oz xgfis an we as: £ 3 9 4 9 113 8 an t Irma aafi gynsa: axes p7 8 pome*
accepex'ré vfi saw: vs Asa Inuaneq 6 3 w Downssac mange than QEO
LT?TV C¥LL eqmraceq aaz Infi 1” eye bL e-cbrwr qebeezsrcw 0 1
sgeoxnnl yocspss fifi fi rnfifiaa’
gpwun re no gpeoz m spa: ape pharn
p . use rvaafipg suq Haas saga g‘oog xsas ag e: on fi poxc i rugrgg, a
v u z ae Lfiacaxk? W: gra ces goo tees ewes oz avsng Extrusrxz axi s
an ape natvg’reoaaeq cps brac e o; ofwrwgrz x,s ra ifi nl mean age
nvqam D hfi fi i fl lg u’
VII 0 ; figs gaasq usl ¥ ee okoe fl ape z sart z z eq
asxxoq avg paxsz us£¢ ea L agsx so‘a s c auses pa eq no L edg rne
gaagyaowl‘
19 A I Q A a t gys graxfimoc a Aprcp a s pfl a e p Q LEIUPGLO LB
ape». egg seexq ang emanahax'
fl u ewe; s awwgua OA S L as: a; gra
pa ase' 1a as 8 8 3 gysg‘peeafi ae a; p16 z uznni
‘pg qasB fl og Lac qyy
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gp e e g g 3 ; cans mgysw fl H G wuarufi'
ya ya mes yfi jnheq xn fine £ 0 A 6W8fi 3
11 pa ass rszmngq mpaxa pfi asks ye xve‘pa oewz q neg pg a a pe au on
canvaspag e av e a; gfiss, yoea pi sn axgpwmc ape greq wugg fieb'
ta aegra was Q E A Q fifibfi fifi fi q as brerusrxg ewxq If ngq'
brswmsrxz
It figs fiaey% eug ywbbgmé g t a u pgcnmek fi z fia gq 5 c spa a i ’
sarqsncs g fi q hykerewr Lassa“
$pem yuc enaraaeug mygp asap oapan'
bxaa; sag fi fi fi fiWQ L In axfl fimeng'
ga pg cesfl ag pa neaaueyraq nygp spa
In bLfibe ufi cps qeg anea‘
IE gyye c aes’ sue £p 5 0 Ll fl e a Laj yoa aq 3 3
spy: spfi onl'
gi g ebbeasng na g gas b ffipc so exbaec saep s bLsaevafi gran
Ikxnfl F} ? ag gs'
£5 3 axes ms ua asefl z a 3 0 ag e inah ayufi j q anbeox:
wnrarfl fi gnaw Lyegs fipffi p ye we eugspxz ap aa w gp eosa ayqean
qIA a L Q $ng apaobra a’
apehg w bjsruprgg L &II $$ abou usayyfieuaa‘
bxsgsyyqnfi qnmgnaaa 3m spa §fl fi Q‘gs egg} : c finnog L gsame rya gas
a p1 3 aggq unalxa fl nfiwwsfi fl 1a a ashi enfi sue“
VIIQ A IQ Q { on spa
gyya qragnfievco pegmeefl bragugrgg ,c sjyé fia prane Eng have;
a
be ing discharged from the hospital tha t ho was hurt at a point near
the canni ng Fac tory,”going through
”a moving train . He denied
toatimony of defendant‘s c laim agent and a court reporter or a
sta tement by hi m April l2th tha t he was laj aran when the moving tra in
started to stop . He oai fl he did not recall saying than he was not
euro unethor ho wont be twe en ‘mmnoi l barns and tho Canning Fac tory
or want of the oil barns, and di d not remember saying he crossed
the "stock” trnok . Thi s track was north of the "post ing“ track
for several hnnfl rcd rest . It began east of the Canning Fac tory.
Plaintiff admi tted at the trial that the “stook'traok did not extend
as far west as the oath alongside the Refinery. He sa id he did not
rocoli saying i n tho Apri l l2th sta tonont thnt the tra in was going
wast, no denied saying i t was going 12 or 15 miles an hour . He did
not recall saying_ ho was 13 or 15 cars book of the engine , or tha t
he was going to ride on the train aunt long enough to oroos the tra ck ,
or tha t onr gota oarsloso working around “that stuff“, or that 10 or
12 oars had paosco. hi n after the aooi oont .
We recogni z e that tho orodi bi li ty of wi tnesses i s for the
Jury and that this qnosti on include . tho consideration of plaintiff‘s
impoonhmont by previous sta tements and testimony. There wore other
fac tual di opntoa snob as wha t time plaintiff was oallod, and for
wha t Job, and whothor he was oonooi oua or unconsc ious after the
oooi oent . we noon not oonsi dor those matters, however , for i n View
or wha t we have alreaay said, the Judgment most be reversed and the
c anoe romandod oinoo the verfl i ot is against tho manifest weight of
In ai fl or a now trial wo wish to point out tha t we see no
error in the trial oonrt'o re fusal to submi t interroga tories Nos, 5
n o i am u se pk ms qeu m w‘
O L LO L to one JL IS I oooi g ,e LGLfi BB I go oopnra Ingennoaooot toa aoi‘Q
In org on a non si x-J no uron no borne on: gong an ac e no
one o;:qonoo*
ovat e Loma oq t i mes one A GLQ IG c to ansroag coo wonxz oag h orny: oz
0 ; upon no pa i n ort oooi oorg'poo inofinonc none no t oi onooq onq gpo
oooxqoug' no neog no: oonq on anooo nwggono‘gam on on
‘{ on In axo n
Apt : iop‘woo anoopon no one oouoorooo on oooonooqono oggot ape
tongue; qrsbngoe Hoop no h oax g zwo hj oynnylx non onj j og’ ovq Lon
ymbouopuouo pi bnonrono ngooowon i o son nosgywomi'
$fi 8 l $ mono scoot
Qa z i Fug one: cove dno acz on IU C J fl Q ®$ one oouoz qonncz oo or bfuyngrg1 ,n
go L GG GfiB I So goon one a i ooypyrroi o; nyanooaon ye Lon ago
18 c at s nag hooooq gym ogcot poo noq omg*
on one: one goes Gonorooo monn fi onoono “gong ocogxw'
0 L opt s ya 0 L
no a g o go q s on 3 9 6 gonz o loop yonfi ouonfip so onooo one gnoog'
no: Loc o} ; ooi z ufi no non IS on IQ ont o poo? ox cps onfi yuo’
on ppnc
h ooc'
no qonxoq oni yufi yr moo Rorofi 13 on I? oyyoo on poat ’
ho qrq
L GGS II osi yng 3 3 goo VbL TI rggy ogopumonc opt : ope gi n?” a g o
so { on one: on non noon oronfiorqo goo gogynont*
go oorq no qz q nonx
BI'Tfi srll sqnspz oq g t rue thrfl f £$E £ £9 6 ”Q f O O F a £3 9 6 3 GT? ”9 ? 6 3 28 3 6
Lou senator pnnqnoq Loor‘
If potou ov er on ope Go uoz nfi googot i’
cps "snoop“ gnoog
*
p o gt oog moo no tsp on one Noonaynt u gi ven
on noon og ago a} : pobna’
avg org non z h moopot t oni ng no otoao , q
ont o unognot yo g own pognoon .Q M i cyj poi ma nuq rue aouvgnfi hou got i
oct t goq go ogoh'
3 s c oi n no g 7g woo Loot } ; oshrnh gr ow as n . u neg
cct eoneng pi gym whi z ] for? now: no non z oj fl i oo npou goo mooxng story
geogrnoni o; qoxonqong ,o offl yo swoon onq o c oa ts t obongon oz o
opt ceuu7n€ meogoni'
“tornfl npoonfin”w wongnfi KL ETE
'no gonz oq
porna oz oopcnfioo { Lfi fi opo noomrgor gpo g no one onto o: o boyog noon
8
We also wish to point out tha t , after pla int iff‘s c ase
was in, plainti ff was given leave to amend hi s c omplaint so as to
make more spec ific eubparagrsph 11 ( h ) . After all the evidence was
i n and the instruc tions were under discussion, plaintiff's attorney
i n ob j ecting to instruc tions offered by defendant as to the
charges i n paragraphs 11 ( b ) and 11 ( c ) , said there was no need of
these instructions since the charges i n those paragraphs were
abandoned . The verdic t was returned January 12 , 19 44 . January 22nd ,
defendant moved for Judgment notwi thstanding the verdic t . M ay i 5 th
the court granted plaintiff leare to file the amendment to sub
paregnwnh 11 ( b }. June 25 rd, defendant's motion for Judgment was
Amendment may be made after verdic t or Judgment to conform
the pleadings and proof . In this case , however, an amendment was
permi tted to a paragraph which had been abandoned . On the basis
of the abandonment, two instruc t ions offered by defendant appear to
have been refused. fie complaint i s made or thi s. We simply point
Judgment of the superior dourt i s rev ersed and the c ause
i s remanded for a new trial.
vac sssns'dd
“Gossss
‘
HEHVnDED'
ye nema eq ken u use nnzsy*
gnqnsenn on gas sne enxen c ng In L eneneeq‘mc cps sense
on; ape eowqyefos on see see
ene'
pens pass negesse‘
no oce byeyng 7s nsqs a; gpye‘
es eye bfi borer
a; spe sp euqeunesc’( no Iseansc ene ei geneg pi degemqsn: efibesn so
benu z ngeg re a bunsfinsbn nnz cy pee peen epeugoneq'
on see pests
cps breeq znns sa g bncog'
In cwz e oe e e‘pcnenen
’en se euqmeng ne e
ene e gesng wen pe me gs execs senqxen on inqsmen: no c on1ens
qeufe q seq inqee esg no; eyeync;xx eneeneq°
bi nsfinebn II ( p )*
fifi fi e ogne‘eegeng e se, e negren ge n Esqfisse c ne e
cps cones fissures e j e gnngg; Te ens no gri n cue sweegnsng co ene~
se z swssu z eases nos dsede sse nonsensesessrwfi ens sebsz ec‘ssh Jess
sp enqoneq‘
nps n enqrcx ne e L e genusq qemne nl ys’
Ines"
sensenl gssq
’
gee se Ine ensesgose si nc e cps newness 1s gynae sensaesbne nsne
spendes In esneaneeye II ( p ) e nd If {s)‘eerq teens se e no nose or
In opdn egre d go xnssne”
gyese c sseq en qez seqeus se 5 0 see
In sue ge e Ine gnnegyons n one nnq en qz ec ne eyee’
oyen ygglr ~v essel
megs eons ee eexxyc sesbsnsunsbe yy {pj’
eggen s} : pee enyn ene e use
A t e xn’ byeyngyzx use di nes j eS t fi cu enesq eye c emej srug no e n so
As “1 9 0 A rts 3 6 0 0 7 3 2 one assr‘steam Orsrwcrnt gs sees
spouses“
( esvb*eee
‘III'ueA
‘ot towsenz t mess tense 0; fWC i fi
6 ( ac )’ wasv 0
'191'rue fi ns Joe 0 1 see wane» Aeprore veg
or gpe onLa eq Lovq In g reyegyon o; hsn'reg ( u )
‘( p )'
enpbensdnebp
h egrrdeooe ru t arna er en nunesoonwpye obese any on ape among erqa
In tha t» c embrarws suck caveat ens eat eq nce A 199
bj sru pyxxe none yulaneq «no sworn engosopxre pagi l quesdeq'
hLoeeeqeq eonap eues ope n: 300 Leon egret ewe eorrrsron‘
nose
c ane no use: span: reg Lees se as ea cps areqse c‘
xpe canon-st arrei
ponnqsnl o; ens pxfiph ri seq ac e qslj eogeq nonsense: evens re
Loeq on no a qrnc eponj qen uuq rage e new: daanqrud ape not cp
eonsperae’ooyj rqeq
‘greyspygxs, d en aseneq uongnneeg or; or one
as» enq spa Ice combsui , e annex-guerj en Q L IAB Q pl gvsgsn poa
reeqrnd h ogan cps gpz oefio e nongnae egenn 3'B
’areqsoc
‘spexn
rvxo'z yrypoye
'V9 pool oee e he soon: cpo c ongen o; u yond canes
noel goons naann aesn on n'g'Ethanol no
'Ii'emetosoprud ablaz e:
Areeosern‘
HdIU the eyes bt ea eyj eq sag ape bsa ewon; are h as as
Aesaenn abnqn§e*Ifzxeoye 7m st ern foes gong combo Lon engqeon
’
nz eraez tae‘
fl esh and ante nnae aererud'rat: name to
one ia nsmo none can qe genqange’
hug bysruzxgge peas ebbeeyee'
pegneen bjsxnnz ng e , unpoeopxre nag qegenqengu, canox'
Aenqwoee
bnobennl geesfie enraged on: on a G Q IIIEIO U on gebgenpen gg‘raeg
‘
gore { e no sorrow co nec oa en gen hensoner a uaye e enq
dHE Q O Q BE‘
hB‘bBEaIDIhd lQ aLICE KITXI DdFIAEHEB lhh oszulou ch
3 8 F l?”
3 5
seq Bea uzsxsa’
soon connel'
ananxseon tcn'
oonavnx‘w eesneee ere e
’
ybhofyeea‘
eonnem a‘
t figfl fi
Rieken testified tha t he was "coasting
“ down the highway
about 20 miles an hour . The highway inc lined slightly to the east .
Ray Schuster testified that it was “pre tty hard“ to Judge speed
wi thin i d miles of the ac tual rate . He said he would not c are to
judge the speed of the truck . Ruth Schuster "did not particula rly
se e the truck approaching ." Harian Marvil , pla intiff
's witness,
gave as her opinion of the truck-trailer's spe ed 40 miles per hour.
She was, accordi ng to her testimony,“10 or
“15 or 20“ feet
to the rear of pla int iff's c ar on the curve . we cannot say the Jury
should have found that the truck-trai ler at the time of the ac c ident
was being driven at an unreasonable rate of speed .
Ri ches says he di d not decrease hi s spe ed while going
about the curve . Plaintiffs sei z e on this testimony as support for
the ir cla im that defendant violated paragraph 146 of the Ac t , by
failing to slow dovh as .ho rounded the curve . we do not agree that ,
under the c i rcumstaneee~of this case, the Jury was requi red to find
defendant negligent i n not reduc ing the speed below 20 miles an
hour as he drove around the curve,
At the plac e where the collision oc curred the highway i s
36 feet wide . The black cent er line divi des it into two 10 feet
lanes. The inside or southeast edge i s about 15 inches lower than
the outside or northwest edge , This point i s about the center of
the curve . The curve hers, ac cording to the testimony and exhibi ts,
i s sharper. It i s obvious tha t if plaintiff's Ford and the entire
truchp trai ler passed each other while each was on i ts own side of
the highway, the c ollision would not have oc curred, Since it did
going in. the opposite direc tion, the question of which one so
pys ensure: educates ong aees In and eseo‘
Reyna re nee cheesece-
qnneearen*
gee desseren on seven one es
cub csni e' an. cut i e sens“
ec ceneyefl so see geesznosl seq expcprce’
emcees eels no one so: cesseseo nee obese .nn13 e toyed
enefl le sees issue spec ens sesct~nbsri sx e a ass ores O L and coarsest
no ape nseL oi crszssee1 ,e est en see ent i e'
he senses eei one Ecni
ape net’unsch exud so we t gessqooni
'“3 3 on yea
’
“I Q on 50 ¢ Les:
Rene we not ebrsqoe en see £Lfi afi‘fLfi ffé a she eq cc nyysn he ; poeh
’
at e the sheer ethnoeestvfi‘a hgfi Tfi fi neaeqr
'Drvrucret , a sxeg ess
‘
loses cse abeee .ot sea annex
“secs censseee geld use beseroere b z h
A I tWTfl 7c acres 0: cps sooner asce‘
an evre we socrq use c ase an
std essences casset tes the: I: use abasest sees“ as tests whens
shee t as stree we seen“
ass exhaust Icarrnee greenerl as see c ess
srsx-s ge nerates cps: we use«sevecrvfi t sens see nrdne et
At the tri al Rey Sohueter testi fi ed tha t he observed the
truck-trai ler'
epprnaoh and tha t i t and the Ford were i n thei r
proper lanes i n the hi ghway, and that they passed and that i n all
she remembers. Hi s wi fe test i f i ed tha t they were traveling about
3 5 mi les an hour on the ri ght si de of the hi ghway and tha t thei r
ear passed the cab of the truck and tha t the trai ler struok thei r
oer and ”we were swept ri ght off the road “a” M ari an hervi l
testi fi ed that she was dri ving her ear to the rear of pla inti ffe'
for about 10 or 15 mi les; tha t she was drivi ng abou t 5 5 mi les an
hour and tha t the two oars kept about the same rela ti ve di stanc e;
tha t goi ng about the term plai nt irts'car was about "10 or 14“ or
$15 or 20” fee t ahead of wi tne ee‘ear; that the treat came down
the ”i noli ne rather feet“; tha t the impee t oeeerred a t the “e agle
"
of the eurre; and that the trai ler “lurched”over i nto the north
westbound lane and struck ple i nt i ffe‘ear . throwi ng i t off the road
i nto the guard rai ls
Ri ckeh testi fi ed that the tra i ler was 8 feet wi de; tha t
he was dri vi ng about 6 i nches from the seeth edge or the hi ghway;
tha t the Ford eeme toward hi m "pretty fast and i t straddled" the
black center li ne of the h ighway and as i t came eloser the front
end was “cu tti ng i nto meg
” that the truck passed the Ford and tha t
all he knew was that somethi hg hi t the trai ler, as though soh eone
ha d thrown a stone agai nst i t and tha t he stepped and di scovered
the aee i deh t and that“no part or my outfi t“ devi a ted free the
ri ght si de of the reada
Plai nti ffs were corroborated by the testimony of Wi tness
Hervi l tha t, at the time of the colli si on, the ?ord was on the
ri ght si de of the hi ghway. In hi s pretri al deposi ti on Ri ekee sta ted
that when ht fi rst observed Sehueter'e ear i t was i n. the proper lane an
that when i t paeet d. hi n, i t was i n i ts proper lane but comi ng toward
svvsants r: bvafl eq firw‘r¢ use 1” Ice bnaben rt us pas coarse can-ma
{gag ugyy pQ xrnsc s ex;sq gcpaagon,a can xc man rm pan bnobas IWHG
breve urge ax av? nvfianfl h' xn urn knack I qafioaralpw M TQI Q U en'seq
(xfntlr gyw:
'vs awe £13 9 0; awe salrrntan
’
five song age 9 3 gr!
31$IU£ILxe mane acm@ opafiqceq pm spa seasrman&k ax gygygau
n:&yc a; are Lava”
gwo z aorqcug sag $9 9 ; wao bWL fl 01 ml aaxarxu q3 4 1wgaq LKQ W £9 9
“
vsq apnamn 6 scene vfifl ffi fi c Ifi avg xmsc pa asebbeq v " q a:ac &a &h fiq
a]: pa Knaa fi a a gwag eamagg zfifi pxg gga we syfi fl fifl aawaaue
ouq 5 3 3uen gprafi yugo we té sfi
fl fi figs gxaex bweeeq gas gang'
gmq xpw:
praox osaggf 17 0 6 oz 3 3 5 U¥§fi fl fi l fl ag we 13 same azaawa ape axons
cps: ans xesq ogwe saawag firw “b aacsh ag es enq xc sn&eqq7 6qu eyv
‘po A fi fi gxxgg
fifi spofi p Q rfi epsfi gygm eye aaapp agge 9 1 ape fl yxnuwmt
affii fi fl $8 8£TLI Q Q fivfi fi fl fl fi fifi fi ilsl fl fl a 9 { Get AI Q fi 3 fifl fi fi
Into nfi g fiafinfi
neespoaww 3 3 3 6 wag agbacg awn“ gnno&xwfi xx 9 11 fps Lava
a; fps omaas! g ag gnap gas gusrj en “Ifi&spfi qa Q A Q L yuga spa nnngyb
cps “z nfi rrnc awryaa gaega z gpag ape fxbac a osaamnag g: ap$
$7 9 as 3 9 , Lssa gfiesq ax a ggneaa , a fi u: gym; fip fi gags: awae gaan
gpwc 89 13 8 fipone £9 6 aux” bjsrfi grx§a, c g ; fi g fi g gqnc “I0 an yea on
poaL an? gpfi c £pe ewna Kean spc a f pp é saws Laz agxas grasgusel
gen cpofi : IQ OL 19 agrea z spa ; ape A g e gxraz ufi apaa g 3 g mirea as
coefirazfiq ppwe efifi fi fi fi ghraywfi gun own 3 0 ga s keg » a; b19 3 fi £T;LG ,
cvn tag “as fi fi xe a&ahe aJfiwa GLL aya xawa fi’
u xfixxsn fl fibkff
c an be eesq rye asp 0a spa rhfi qg wag fipwz xv» fiawxrfi t Etnaex ¢FGJ3
9 9 wxrea an was» GB zwo L z fips alga 0; gpe wrfiyaxa sag apfi e znsz h
pa Lewampexa'
age urgg gsugz gyaq gpg r £ESB .M $L 8 gfi fi A é ITfl fi mpanc
bbobex v sfi fa fl?! Ftfiphfil‘WW? swvc final bfi e asq “Hg gfifis 3 9 85 !
gnncxb gz srysk emblfig ap avg gpwg y; $ 3? gya gang n¢xc IE
v: ¢H ¢ fish acfl amfi fim se ani greg gas: F0 opgan4 $q fifi fi
the black cantor li ne . He a lso stated tha t , goi ng around the curve
ho had to watch hi s truck and di d not know where the sshnstsr auto
mshi ls was wi th referenc e to the blask li ne . It wi ll be seen tha t
thi s testimony i s somewha t di fferent than that gi ven by hi m at
the tri al . At the tri al he sa i é . he saw the pla inti ffs'ear hfter
he was lfls or 15 6 feet out from the viaduet . In the pre—tri al
exposi ti eh his tsstimahy was tha t hi s fi rst vi ew of the car was
as he same fro: uhfisr the vi aduct ;
It mi ght seem in V i cW'
of the di fferensss i n defendants'testimsny, before and at the tri al , tha t ths wi tness Karvi l'atesti mony should wei gh the ssals 1h pla i nti tts
‘favor . The Jury,
hswsver, may have cahsi dcrsd improbable her testimony that she
was drivi ng 5 5 mi les her hour aver the wet pavement, turni ng the
surva at a di stanc e of ehly“10 ts “13 or 20“ feet to the
rear hf plai nti ffs'cart The Jary may have beli eved tha t i t she
‘
V ero tha t close aha hardly h t fl lfi have avai aca the truck-trai ler
whi ch ai d net hi t hsr can“as far as I khan“ and plai nti frs
‘veeri ngear . tn» Jury may have , i n thi s vi ew, further beli eved tha t i t she
were mnhh further to the rear at the poi nt at i mpac t , her posi ti on
fer assurate persepti sn sf the rear at the trash-trai ler was ne t
$606»
It is trap that the ski d marks were found only north or
the c enter line, they are net so located, hhwsver, so as ts make
tha Jury‘s wsmhhng unwarrant ed, Photsgrsphs i n svi dshh e, taken by
Ray Sehhh tor shew tha t the sentsr of the left side of hi s c ar bore
the brunt of the impactf There is only obs p i cture of the front
of the car . Thi s thaws damage to the left hsadli ght at a poi nt
Thfirm were no pi eturss avai lable sf the si de of the left front
Ishtar or plai nti ffst ssr . We bel i eve thi s ovi dchc o of the physi cal
qvuvi o ya consteg ensnyrp qvxcq naa, epeenm 01 avg oucrqoug“
novqon ox bysrnarz ga , cas*
no porteao ppra eA z qamcs o; ape bpkarogy
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A O L ) geod‘
Lon vacnnscm bfi ne sn on ox spa Leas 0 g $9 0 gz ncgn cbwrj oa A Q B nag
A 6 L$ afi ap zwngpeb £6 flp fi L b aa as zvs boyup oz ywbesg'gs; haargras
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new; 01 braz agrgxfi , c an*
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aaka e t a w qxptwves ax evi l are $0 fea‘
are 0 % 3 0 ” £8 9 : 3 6 eye
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‘
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is; ens g enes In the tseenhnexun In one: eeee‘“enuncyneee s bte n
henneué t neeeeutfige ennnrntrefi'
ppe: gee Lee; i n qrehnee rs ghee“
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gei sneenee sens enneexnngeq see ne i ge’
a?“enti rerene es
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as: one err 111'nee
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’
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z en a nyi eynfiyrnfi on: eye “scenes nsne tf’gen nee ex gne
‘gens
anal perveneq’
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bnexvc‘gees sf} eye teens fi ne syneee ensne ee an eye oeee‘eye
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Ineetse zree no'3 eeyq ens lent epei n ese neg peeve so
z en q exewgsngn‘
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gee brerhfiltla noebysyn yes; she leehnenc apenrg he
efisrnse see wearxsec neffinn on eye ne zqenee“
10 oevejnsrou h e eeryei e nee : eye g enera; nee use
6
He do not believe, havever , the t the giving or it we e error . lo
other i netructleu was offered at given defining“proxima te cause“
and thi s i netrueti on aaa not aeflne the term well . bat we bel ieve
the Jury could understand the det inlti en given .
Plainti ffs compla in a: the giving at instruc ting he . 18 .
It veld the jury ta take late eoaei dereti on, i n deteru lni ng how
aneh cre é enoe Sn give plei ntlfra'evi denae .
“tha t they are plai nti ffe
and interested in the result at the sui t .
pla i nti ff t he
the defendant was 3 corparnti an ana the/bnly‘
wi tneea enti tled to
rec eive er be liable far the payment at mane} . 5 g, 5, g, a, g.
e u gmgzgggg, $11 111 . 9 . It nae be en eanfl eened where defendante
are na tural pereane only ( fixfi f "
mfi £43 111 . App .
anfi . where there i s a oerpara te and na tural aerenfl aat and both the
pini ntirr and na tural aeteadant teeti fy.‘EQ QLLQ QAQLQ v . 22213;ggg
M m 111 . Am} . 19 25 . In the M M the giving of the
In the fiy é n u e
'
instruc tion tuld the jury i t ehould
net discredi t defendant's teatlueuy “free . eepr1e e or'eerely bec ause
he fie deteafiaat .* In the instant cane i nstruc ti ens 15 enfi 16 i nstrueted
the Jury generally as to the bias intereat, etc . at wi tnesses.
Suefl alone . the eorpore te aerendeat woui a have been enti tlefi to the
i netéamti aa. Plaintiff Joined Rieken as cc-é efeadant . The
i taltei z ea weeds. apparently coaght $9 liai t the i nstruc tlen to the
Ic e eenyeny. We eauaet any that fine lastrae t ian given misled the
Inetreetlen fie . 22 told the jury tha t each plainti ff wee
cut, henna to extrexee crfl inery cure to leak g ut fer denser and to
i netm tim cri tic i z ed .
3 1. affirmed .
not beli eve , however, tha t the giving of it was erro
notruoti on was offered or given defining"proxima te
did not defi ne the t erm well , but eli ove
understand the definition given .
ruc tion Ho . 22 told the Jury tha t
so ordinary oaro to look
k dri Vor was,
i n the law
words,“look out for
ible erro n on no critici z ed ,
i s aff irmed.
plaintiff was
for danger and to
one was not held i n
the other . This
have been olear . The
been omi tted . Instruc tions
ned the meaning of the
PEAR m m mm'n'Genome
“
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qual pnfimq co ,d i enaynn cnqyunnn oa n o so roan nag Lon qnwfien ang 3 0
gné gnnn zton he”
as £®I€ tfi e fia Li sung gfi fl p fl lfl i vcrz L A 9 8
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ye p trnd e fee eves pone pl nnyr or at t end
coerce e r e; coax convex one he Del 8 ( 3 9 0 or $90 0 one coupe
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’e
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Q O HU £ e cpvxfieq new: qetewgven
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re fi t? we evened ceowpre‘scene 5 errefieq sync qexcweewn
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or goo; Coonnl‘emenre goofi ng y ne e opengeq area arererz nd bLo
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Dexenqeng In gL L O L‘
bEfl wdn $9
BWOBPE On inn eaten on IPPIM OIe
Defendant urges tha t dounts 1 , 2 and 5 should have
be en quashed . The information i n the instant case is almost
identic al in form with. these i n People v . Shaver , 5 67 111 . 3 39 ,
Pegple v. ggggggg, 569 111 . 5 7 ; People v . Padsrewski , 3 7 3 Ill . 19 7 3
Eggplg,v . Mos, 3 81 111 . 25 5 ; Psoplg v . Kgbana , 3 83 111 . 284 .
The obJec ti ons‘
now urged were ma de la . the es cases and the same
authori ties used to sustain the c laim tha t no crime was properly
charged, and such contentions were denied . No error was commit ted
i n holding the informa tion $0 0 60
Defendant ma intains tha t the court erred i n permit ting
imma terial and irrelevant testimony on behalf of the People and
i n denying the motion to direc t a verdic t for the defendant . He
also insists that the verdic t and Judgment are contrary to the
law and evidenc e and that the court erred i n denying hi s motions
for a new trial and i n arrest of Judgment . Argni ng these points,
defendant states tha t the testimony of the compla ining witness,
Janosak , gave hi s opinion as to a technical subj ec t of which he had
no knowledge . The testimony of thi s wi tness was confined to wha t
he saw and heard . He described the furnishings of the office i n
terms tha t any layman would understand . he described the blood
pressure equipment and the manner in which it was used. The other
equipment described i s wi thin the common knowledge of the average
layman . The cour t did not err i n denying defendant's motion for
a direc ted verdic t . We are of the opinion tha t the Judgment and
verdic t are amply supported by the evidenc e . The Judgment i s not
contrary to the law or the evidenc e and the court did not err i n
ov errul ing defendant‘s motions for a new trial and i n arrest of
Therefore , the Judgment of who County Cour t of Cook
KILEI , P. J . ans LEWE, J. czeneeag
u rm’
t'e'n o runs
‘c'conned
soreness VLEIBKED”
ccnvei 7 8 sterewe t‘
essesec ns‘are lastweee at one casual cone s at
lltfl Wv f
onemnnynnd curenseu5 4e screens too a non ants] seq on enneeg,o;
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seesreef tme i nbrl condenses 91 one ea i qeue c'
Lye ansdnonr 28 no;
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aa eoo'
‘no one a; one oc ta gon goes one leat hers cog
rstse s*
one c ases not use G et on contend sexensc sr t c sacru m ton
edsrh e e or oe ae nspeq re errors one common nucngeefie or eye ch eeses
hhee enne aficnbe eng seq can ae nusn In A pron yr ne e nesq'
gpe c anon
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go g e een zneq fps prose
no sea seq pea‘
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endornd noses hotness
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sees reefers one; one nenqyes o ne jeodseos one const an t so one
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nonessesn me ro pe yse rose fps eases enneq rs bsnneg z z nd
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ongsonystes ne ed so on eness ac e creed tre e so enema se e oneneeyl
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eeé fifd e'
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’
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Dexenqenc nnd ce gasp donors I’
3 one 9 necsyq ores
In the Mat ter of the Esta te of
TEIGHM AN formerly knownas sneeze BOLLEfi, Dec eased,
BENJAMIN TEIGHMAN , as Execu torPetitioner i n Oi tati on Proc ee ngs, CIROUIT COURT
Appellant ,
COOK COUNTY.
Respondents Appe llees.
3THE OPINION OF THE COURT.
enssi e Teichman, also known as dessie Boller , died at
ch icago on June 6, 19 44 . Let ters testamentary were issue d out
of the Probate court of dock county on July 28, 1944 to Benj amin
Teichman , as execu tor or her last will and testament a The
exeentor filed a verified petition charging tha t Morris Weinberg
and Sarah Weinberg”have i n their or hi s or her possession or
control“ a not e execnted by Fred B . Lee and Cordelia Lee da ted
Apri l 19 19 41, to the order of bearer i n the principal sun of
bearing interest a t si x percent per ennnn, a trust deed
securing payment of the note and the sum of $500 i n c ash; tha t
the note, trust deed and sash were assets or the esta te; tha t
they failed and refused, after demand, to deliv er to his the note ,
trust deed or cash; and he prayed for a c i tation . The c itation
was issued and served on defendants. In a verifi ed answer respondents
denied tha t they had any assets belongi ng to the esta te and
alleged tha t the it ems desc ribed i n the c i ta t ion as being assets
or the estate ,"passed to Sarah weinberg as a gift ig§g£;v v t
.
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2
9 3 in the ci rcu i t Court followi ng an appea l , the court found
that the note of Apri l 1, 19 41 i n the pri nc i pal sun or
beari ng interest at si x perc ent per annum and the trust deed securi ng
payment , were not assets of the estate; tha t the trust deed and
note were aeqni red by Sarah Wei nberg as a gi ft igtggu z i zgg from
dussi e Tei ehman i n her l i fet ime , and ordered that the peti t i on of
the executor be di smi ssed and respondents di scharged . The
executor app eals;
Guesi e Tei chman conduc ted a roomi ng house at 50 45 South
hi chi gan .svenue , Chi cago . She was a cri pple, confi ned to a whe el
chai r, and had be en in that condi t i on for several years. Fred B .
Le e and Gordeli a Lee owned the rea l esta te at 49 2 3 South M i chi gan
Avenue . On Apri l 1, 19 41 the Le es exeouted a pri nc ipal note for
payable to bearer fi ve years after date , wi th i nterest
a t si x peroent per ashes, payable semi snnuslly on Apri l 1 and
eetober 1 . they txmcuted t en interest coupons. The transac ti on
i nvolvi ng the maki ng of thi s loan took . p1se e at the of fi ce or
the attorney: who now represent respondents. In Apri l , 19 42 the
been made a prepayment on the loan or $500 , i n September, 19 42
a second prepayment i n the same amount and in Apri l , 19 43 a thi rd
prepayment i n the same amount, reduei ng the pri nc i pal note to
end . rednc ing the semi annual i nterest payment on each coupon
to $i $t t These prepayments we re made to the a ttorneys who now
represent respondents and who, i n rec e ivi ng the prepayments, di d
so as attorneys for Guesi e Tei chman. By the testimony of two
wi tnesses who were enployees of the Fi rst Nati onal Bank or Ghi oago,
the executor establ i shed th at the i nterest coupons payable on
Apri l 1g lees, Oc tober 1, 19 48 and Apri l ly 19 44 were collec ted
for the deeefient by the Fi rst Na ti onal Bank of Ch i cago pri or to
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2
Ida Dashevsky, c a lled by respondents, testified tha t she
lived at 143 4 death. xedz i e Avenue, Ghi dego, and tha t dec edent was
her aunt . In answer to a question as to whe ther she had a conver
sa tion wi th decedent with respec t to a mortgage on the real esta te
at 49 26 South Michigan Avenue , she answered i n the affirma tive , and
tha t the conversat ion took place at th e home or her aunt, Hrs.
Teichman, in the presence or witness's aunt, wi tness‘s mother and
‘
Wi tness: and tha t her aunt "told my mother and I tha t she had
given her sister some papers, mortgage papers, on the other house
as a gi ft .” On being requested by the court to repea t the
"exac t
words" used, witness answered: "Well, she said she gave her sister
a gi ft of the mortgage papers on her other house tha t she had .” She
testified further tha t by the words ”her sister" she had referenc e
to Sarah Weinberg and tha t decedent had only the one sister, Asked
as to whether she had any conversation with respec t to any other
gifts, wi tness answered: “Yes, si r, I had such a conversation some
time about a year and a half ago, I think . " She stated tha t she
could not fix a more defini te date for the conv ersa tion tha t tha t
i t oc curred a year and a half previously; tha t witness's mother and
‘
Wi tnnls's aunt , i n addition to witness, were present a t this conver
ca ti on which took plac e at her aunt's home} and tha t i n this conver
sation her aunt said “she gave her sister $506 to he lp buy a home .“
Bore Teichman, called by respi ndents, testif ied tha t she lived at
South Kedz ie Avenue , dhi eago; tha t she was a sister-i h-law of
dec edent and the mother or Ida Dashsvsky: and tha t she visi ted decedent
every week, Asked as to whether she had a conversation wi th. dec edent
wi th respec t to a mortgage on the real estate at 49 23 South Michigan
tha t the conversation oc curred about the end of M arch or the first
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5
part of February, 19 44 . She also stated tha t the conversation
occurred “a year and a half ago
”and tha t it took p1a ee at
decedent‘s hone i n the presence of her daughter Ida , decedent and
wi tness. Answering a question as to what was sa id i n the c onver
nati on, wi tness replied:”She said she gave h er sister , Sarah,
the papers on the house for a gift and she gave it to her to have
it .“ Obj ec tions by the attorney for the executor to the testimony
or these wi tnesses and motions to strike the answers on the ground
tha t wi tnesses were giving their eonolusi ons ra ther than the
conversation, were overruled.
there was testimony tha t deeedent di ed i n a hospital at
about n. o . on June 6, 1944 . horri e Weinberg, one of the
respondents, t estified tha t he lived at 4669 North Harding Avenue ,
fl hi osgo; tha t on the night or the afternoon when decedent di ed, he ,
wi th hrs. Sarah Weinberg, th e other respondent , thei r son Sidney
wei nbsrg'
and Benjamin Tei ohman, who was la ter appointee executora
went to the la te home of dec edent at 5045 sooth Michigan Avenue;
tha t "we oolleeted all the valuable papers there;' that Mr . Tei ehman
“looked at it and we put it in a shopping bee. We put all the e
papers in a shopping bag , wha t I thought was valuable papers, and
those that we were supposed to examines" tha t Mr . Teichman and
wi tness examined the papers and tha t aft er putti ng them i n a shopping
has"we were supposed to so to hi s daught er and my daughter—i h-lawz
'
that Mrs. Oni ds Smi th? the housekeeper, was present and gave then
the shpppi ng bag; that they went to an eleva ted sta ti on and started
to go to hi s donghter¢e home to examine the papers. Free other
teeti nony it appears tha t M r . Tei ehnan di d not go to the home of
M f g Weinberg‘s é enghter tha t night , Wi tness test ified further tha t
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’
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6
"the mortgage on the 49 25-2 5 Michigan Avenue proper ty was not
among the pap ers tha t we put i n the shopping beg;” th a t he had a
further conversa tion with Mr . Teichman when they were leaving the
c emetery; tha t in tha t conversation M r . Teichman asked wi tness i f
he had the kayo to the safety deposit vault where dec edent "kept her
stuff,“and tha t Wi tness answered i n the negative; tha t witness
also said tha t the hey‘
whs over on Michigan Avenue; that Mr .
Tei ohman sexed witness to get the key to the box; and that witness
went to decedent ’s former home a few days lat er and i n the presenc e
of Mr . and M rs. 8mi th , round the key. Wi tness test ified tha t the
next conversation wi th M r; Tei ehman was the following day at
wi tness‘s home, when Kr . Te ichman some to “look at the papers;“
tha t in the oresenoe of wi tness and wi tness's wife Mr . Teichman asked
hi m where the $h, 9 0® mortgage was; tha t wi tness told him to ”forge t
i t because we had the mortgage a long while i n our possessions"
tha t decedent "gave it to us and tha t we can prove tha t the mortgage
i s i n a safe keeping,” He test ified further tha t he did not tell
Hr . Tei chmoh tha t it was i n a safety deposit box; tha t he and hi s
wife had a sa fety deposit box at the Albany Park Bank and tha t the
first t ime he vi si ted . the hex aft er the death of decedent was on
November 1, 19 44; tha t at tha t time he opened the box in the
presenc e or two employees of the vault company and took out the
mortgage; and that “the mortgage and all the papers, notes were
i n
Bose Khhrmeh, called by respondents, test ified tha t she
wa s vault custodian at the Albany Park Safety Deposit Vaul t}
that when a customer comes to the count er he si gns on entry slip;
tha t the cheeks the signa ture against the signa ture c ard; tha t
she then let: the customer into the vault and opens the box, which
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3
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gé fup exfii
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£9 5 qz rfi fldpc emnpomfi x A fi fi lcf wfia twwr fi i‘ wag was“
Sarah Weinberg, called by respondents, test i fi ed tha t
she i s a sister or dec edent; tha t about n. o . on the day her
sister died, wi tness and her husband, their son and M r . Teichman
went to decedent‘s former home; that she informed M rs. Smi th, the
housekeeper, tha t dec edent had passed away and tha t she wanted to
“coti cot some papere thete that would come in handy )" tha t M rs. Smi th
gate her a shopping bag; that she put“everyth ing
” i n the snappi ng
bag and went home; tha t the“mortgage on the property at 49 23 South
Ni ehi gnn Avenue” was not i n the ehoppi ng bag; tha t the first t ime
she went to their safety deposit box after the death of her sit ter
was on Hovemher 1, 19 44 ; that i n the presence or M r . sampeon and
are. Kaufman they examined the ecntente; that“the note and mortgage
were i n the bots“ and that at that time she took ”one of the notes
out for collec t ion. “
Guide fini th test ifi ed that she was the housekeeper for
dec edent and tha t the house consisted of 18 apartments. Asked as
to whe ther eho .hed any conversation wi th deoedent wi th referenc e to
a gift or money to M rs. Weinberg, one annwered i n the affirmative,
and tha t the conversation was around March 15 , 19 44 . Asked no to
wha t decedent oai d. wi th respec t to“this money gift
”, she answered:
”She sa id ahe was going to give it to her for a gi ft, she i s giving
i t to her, making a gi ft of tha t fire . Smi th , called as a
witness by the executor, testified that decedent was an invalid;
tha t the last t ime dec edent left her home was “around about
tha t M rs. Weinberg came over onc e or twic e a week . Aahed as to
whe ther she had discussed wi th dec edent the ma tter or a mortgage
”on Michigan Avenue
”, she answered i n the affirma tive, and tha t
decedent “told he tha t she was going to tell me about her will and
9
esta te, be added to her estate and be divi ded ac cord ing to her
wi ll . ” Wi tness stated tha t the income from the opera ti on of the
roomi ng house was $200 a monthrand tha t after payi ng expenses,
$100 was left; tha t on the ni ght of June 6, 19 44 , after the death
or dec edent, Mr» and Mrs. Wei nberg, thei r son Si dney and M r.
Tei ehman some to the house; thgt M rs. Weinberg told her to come
wi th then to decedent's apartment "to see wha t we are taki ng out
or thi s plane;” that she went wi th them; that “the pla ce was
ransacked ent : ever7thi ng was looked through;“ tha t ”they terned
the covers up and they found $26 i n. money on the table under the
tablecloth and they took some papers from the drawers and from
the cedar chest;'that Mr. Tei ohmss di d not take anythi ng: that
Hrs and Mrs, Weinberg and thei r son were "looking for thi ngs;”
and that she pet the papers i n her purse . Benjamin Teiohmhn testi fi ed
tha t he was a nephew of deeedent; that on June 6, 19 44 , M r . and M rs:
Weinberg, thei r son si dney and wi tness went to the former home or
decedent; that they went through several papers, some of wh i ch
they threw asi de and some of whi ch Hrs. Weinberg put i n her p urse;
that Mrs Weinberg‘e son gathered other papers together , whi ch were
put in a shoppi ng bag; tha t M rs. Wei nberg di d not bend hi m any
papers; that he was standi ng i n the mi ddle of the room and tha t
he di d not see the papers that were taken,
Khe burden was on respondents to prove by c lear and
convi nc ing evi dence the essenti al fac ts of a gi ft by del ivery of
the property by Ge esi e Tei ehman to the dense wi th i ntent to p ass
t i tle . reggae; v . Egggggg, 3 76 Ill; 3 5 4 , In the la tter case the
”It i swell known that courts lend a very unwi lli ngbout whe t deed men have
i t
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10
Appellant ma i ntai ns tha t the t esti mony of Ida Dasheveky and Dora
Teichnan relati ve to an alleged conversati on. wi th decedent amounted
to mere conclusi ons and was i mproperly recei ved i n ev i denc e . We
are of the Op i ni on that i t was not error to r ec ei ve thi s test i mony.
However, the evi dence to prove del ivery or i nt ent to make a gi ft
falls far short of thet clear and convi nc i ng proof whi ch. the law
rc qni res. there was a conf i denti al relat i onship between decedent
and respondent fl areh Wei nberg . In Warren 1 . Pfei l , 5 46 Ill. 3 44 ,
our Supreme Court sai d
"A fi duc i ary rel at i onshi p i s not limi ted to c ases of
trustee and c eeggi lgggw tgggt, guardi an and word , attorney and c li ent,and other recogni z ed legal relati onships, but extends to everypossi ble ease i n whi ch th ere i s confi denc e reposed on one si de and
a resulti ng superi ori ty and domi na ti on on the other . The or i gi nof the confi dence may be moral, soc i al , domesti c or merely personal .
If the confi denc e in feet exi sts and i s reposed by one party and
ac c ep ted by the other the relati on i s fi duc i ary and equi ty wi llregard dealings between the parti es acc ordi ng to the rules whi chapply to such rela ti ons“
Sarah Weinberg and dec edent were si sters. Decadent was a c ripple and
c onfi ned to a wheel cha i r. M rs, Weinberg ac ted as a messenger i n
collecti ng i nterest represented by the coupon notes and i n deposi ti ng
such i nterest to the credi t of dec edent . Ida Dashevsky testi fi ed
about two conversati ons and about two gi fts. She sai d one conver
sati on occurred the la tter part of M arch or the begi nni ng of Apri l,
19 44 and related to an alleged gi ft“of the mortgage papers.
“ The
other conversati on took plac e about a year and a half before the
tri al . 2no da te of the tri al was January 5, 19 45 , whi ch would fi x
thi s conversati on as oc curri ng duri ng July, 19 43 . In thi s last
conyerseti on dec edent i s represented as havi ng sa i d she gave her
si ster ”to help buy a home“. M rs. Smi th testi fi ed about a
c onversati on. wi th dec edent around M arch 15, 1944 wh erei n she quoted
decedent as sayi ng she was going to giv e M rs. Wei nberg a gi ft of
$500 , and also tha t ”she made her a gi ft of M rs. Dashevsky
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12
be tha t the trust deed and pri nci pal note were delivered to the!
or to Sarah Weinberg as a gi ft, and that ti tle to the interest coupons
remained i n dec edent . However, when respondents'box was opened
on November 1, 1944 i t contained the unpaid inter est coupons,
trust deed and princ i pal note . This strengthens the posit ion of
petitioner tha t Sarah Weinberg was at all t imes ac ting i n a
fiduc iary capac i ty. Apparently, when an interest coupon became
dne , Mrs. Weinberg took such c oupon from the safety deposit box
and delivered it to the bank for collec tion to be c redited to
decedent's ac count . It i s cl ear tha t i n so doing she was ac ting
as a messenger or agent of her sister, Gaseie Tei chnano
We f ind that the evidenc e shows tha t Sarah Weinberg
noted as a fiduc iary or the dec edent; tha t she was i n possession of
the principal note, interest coupons and trust deed as such
fiduciary at the ti me her sister died; tha t the burden was on her
to show that her possession or the papers as a fiduciary became
tha t or possessi on as an owner; and tha t she fai led to make this
proof . As petitioner points out, there are at least thre e versions
of the story as to when the trust deed and princ ipal note belonged,
Serah. Wei nberg clai ms then to be here by her answer: Harri e
weinberg c laims decedent "gave i t to as,
“meaning respondents;
and Mrs. fini th,the housekeeper, testifi ed tha t decedent said
”it
was to be added to her estate“ and ”divided ac cording to the wi ll . ”
Fred B . Lee, the owner of the real estate secured by the trust
deed, test if ied tha t he always made hi s interest payments at the
First nat ional Bank and that he never rec eived any notice from
anyone tha t he should pay at any other plac e . If Sarah Weinberg
was the owner of the paper in January, February or M a rch, 19 44 ,
it i s strange tha t she di d nothing toward noti fying Mr . Lee of
the change of ownership and that she deposited the interest note
nug m o 0 mm » 01 3m I” i wm h’-L‘pbm l m» W W ?
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axz az qeag - vnq bfiIBGIt uafi e'
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Ix
for the ac count of her sist er . There i s no proof as to vvhon
the alleged gi ft was consumma ted, nor were there any eyewitnesses
to the consumma tion of the alleged gi ft, or tha t the property was
ever claimed by sarah‘
Wei nberg to be here i n the presenc e or her
sister . There is no proof as to when the alleged gift was made .
Guesi e Tei chmsn's only income was about $100 per month from the
opera ti on of the rooming house and the income on the mortgage i n
dispute . In the case of £g_re Estate o; Huston , 5 19 Ill. App . 3 61,
where a nephew cla imed to have rec eived of hi s uncle‘s money
as a gi ft igtggu z i zgg and the money was i n the nephew's possession
before the dea th or hi s uncle , the court said
“It i s unthinkable tha t a man with one leg unable to
earn hi s living , would strip himself of every penny he had on
earth and hand out twenty two hundred dollars to a nephew wi thou tany contrac t or agre ement for care and keep the rest or hi s life,and no provision for sickness, last illness, funeral expenses,c are and support of a four year old daughter, and give it all
to a nephew. The fac ts and c ircumstanc es i n evidenc e showtha t the dense oc cupied a confidential re la tionship wi th the donor .
“
The fac ts and circumstanc es of the case at ba r make it improbable
tha t Gussi e Tei ehman, a cripple confined to a wheel chair , wi th
only a small income from a rooming house and the income from the
mortgage , would make a gift or the mortgage having-
a value or
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the Circuit C ourt
of Geek County i s reversed and the cause remanded wi th direc tions
to enter a Judgment fi ndi ng tha t the trust deed, principal note and
interest coupons were the property or dussi e Teichman at the time
as executor or the estate or Gussie Teichman, dec eased; and
di rec ting that Sareh. Wei nberg and Morris Weinberg, and each of them
forthwith deliver the trust deed, princ ipal not e , interest coupons
and interest , if any collec ted, to Bea nin Teichman, as executor .
REMANDED WITH DIBEGTIONSe
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EMILY PILACKBS,
Appellant ,
SUPERIOR COURT
s, Executore or theEstate of PAHL PILAOKUS, ai COOK COUNTY.known as PABL rnarz deceased,State Bank or Gleering,
Petitioner,
THE OPINIOR OF THE COURT¢
Emily Pi laekue and Paul Pi leckue were married at Chic ago
on sep tember 11 . 1912 . due children were born or the marriage ,
hanely, Ot to, born February 86, 19 14 , and Joseph, born December
19 , 1916. On Angust 16, 19 85 a decree was ent ered i n the
superior Genrt cf dock douh ty, on the bill of complaint filed
by Emily Pi i aekue , the answer of Paul Pi laekue , a stipula tion
and evidence . The decree dissolved the bonds of ma trimony, gave
her the care , ousted: and educ at ion cf the children, and direc ted
hi s to pay her di d a week for their support .
On Oc tober 4, 1944 plaintiff filed a verified pe tition
se tting out tha t she reared the chi ldren to ma turi ty; tha t shortly
after the entry of the decree defendant ”made hi s presenc e unknown“
to her and their children; tha t it was"only wi thin a few days
last past“ tha t she learned of hi s whereabouts; tha t fellowing
the entry of the dec ree she received from hi m the aggrega te sum
of $80 fer the support and ma intenanc e of the children; tha t
because of defendant's failure to comply vi th the decree , she had
to rely upon the chari ty or fri ende and relatives and of the man
that ehe dhad been informed“ tha t defendant ma intained a
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3
the rec ent dea th of defendant and prayed for the entry of an order
restraining the bank and i ts agents from paying out any funds to
the credi t of her former husband, then dec eased . On December 4 ,
19 44 the court ent ered an order rec iting that i t was informed
tha t defendant died and ordered tha t the bank and i ts agents be
restrained from paying out any amounts c redi ted to Paul Pla t z ,
dec eased, until the further order of the court .
0a January 28, 19 45 the court ent ered an order reci ting
tha t i t appearing that the bank. had not theretofore been served
with a summons and "i s not a party hereto", tha t a summons issue
against the"duly appointed and qualified administra tor or executor
of the estate of Paul Pi lackus,‘dec eased, and also that a summons
issue against the bank; Writs of summons were served on the bank
and on Anna Ri tchie and Agnes dedrai ti s, Goexecutri c ee or the last
will of Paul Pi lnekus, dec easeds an. narchr 8 , 19 46 the bank filed
i ts appearanc e and a. pet i ti en represent ing tha t at the tinz er the
death of defendant it had on deposit to hi s credi t the sun of
tha t it had expended to i n filing i ts appearanc e and had
incurred certain attorney‘s fees i n the ma tter, and prayed tha t an
order be ent ered authoriz ing and direc ting it to deposit the
balanc e of the funds wi th the clerk of the court , or wi th such . other
party as the court night determine , to be held until the f inal
order of the court determining who was enti tled to the funds, and
tha t it be dismissed fro. the case, on March 8 , 19 45 an order was
entered tha t the pe ti tion of the bank stand as i ts answer to the
petit ion of pla intiff, and tha t the coexecutrices be given leave to
On Enron 19” 1946 the eeexecutri ces filed a spec ial
appearanc e for the "sole purpose of quest ioning the Jurisdic tion of
the court . ” On March i go 1945 they filed a mot i on to di smiss
plaint iff‘s petition and to dissolve the restraining orders on the
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ground tha t plaintiff‘s claim had not been reduc ed to Judgment ,
was not preferred, did not constitute a lien, that it aba ted upon
the dea th of defendant prior to the making of the bank as a party
defendant , and tha t the court had no Jurisdic tion of the subj ec t
ma tter.
en Herch. 28,19 45 plaintiff , under the name of Emily
M i tkne , filed an shi ver to the peti tion of the bank and denied
that the bank was enti tled to reimbursement for any some other
than court eeete , en April 16, 19 45 plaintiff fi led a counterclaim
i n which she asked for a Judgment agai nst the bank for the difference
between the amount which the mi ght rec eive from a claim filed
against the estate of deceased and the sum of On Apri l 17 ,
19 45 , on mot ion of the at torney; for the bank, the court ordered
tha t the order ent ered April 15 , 1945 , giving pla intif f leave to
file an amended. pe ti ti on and c ountercla im, be vaca ted, and tha t
eueh petition and counterelain be expunged from the record . On
Apri l 18 , 19 45 , on motion of the coexeeutri oee, the court ordered
that the pet ition and supplemental petition of plaintiff filed on
ec tober 4, 1944 and . heeenber 4 , 1944 be dismissed, tha t the injunc tions
be di ssolved , and. that the bank pay all money: standing to the
oredi t of deceased to the coexecntri oee. Plaint iff appeals.
Plaintiff statee: “The Superior Gourt of Cook County
having or iginal Jurisdic tion over the subj ec t ma tter and the parties,
the some having been assumed and attached thereto, the court never
lost i ts Jurisdic tion, nor did the appellant‘s cause of ac tion
aba te by the dea th of the original defendant, whose ceexecutore
'were substi tuted as parties in. hi e place and stead. Survival of
the proc eedi ng i s wrought by statute. “ Plai ntiff c i t es See . 11 of
‘
Vhen there i a but one defendant i n an ac tion, proceedi ng or complaint,
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5
and he dies before final Judgment or decree , such ac tion, proceeding
or complaint shall not on that acc ount abate , if it might be
originally prosecuted against the heir, devise e , executor or
administra tor of such defendant , but the plai nti ff, pet i ti oner or
complainant may suggest such dea th on the record, and shall , by
order of the court , have summons against such person or legal
representative , requiring h im to appear and defend the ac tion, pro
c eedi ng or complaint, after whi ch it may proceed as if it had been
originally commenc ed against hi m, Flai nt i ff ma intains that i t was
the noty of the court to de termine the amount due her under th e
decree and to have ordered the amount credi ted to dooessed‘s bank
ac count pa i d over to her to apply on the encunt found due her . In
her bri ef, i n support of her connterola i n against the bank, plain
ti ff argues that she was misled to her pre judice by the incorrec t
statement in the bank‘s le tter of October 7, 19 44 tha t there was no
sooeont i n the name of her former hnebano. Ehi s counterclaim was
asserted on the theory tha t the conduc t of the bank i n the e misleading
her, who ac tionable . In the oral argument counsel for plaintif f
stated tha t she was not assert ing any c la im against the bank i n her
oonnterclahn. This amounts to a withdrawal of the cont entions
assertea under her counterclaim and we wi ll, therefore, not discuss
In the brief filed by the ccexecotri ces, the following
statement appoero:“In pla intiff's bri ef it i s stated that the
exec utors insist tha t pla intiff‘s claim he filed i n the Proba te
eonrt . We do not so i nsi eta but we do ma intain tha t in wha tever
court plaintif f files her claim she i s an ordinary credi tor and
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wife and when the amount was ascerta ined and fixed the rightto money be came vested and as fully fixed as had the moneybeen pa id or the husband had given hi s note for the amount . The
husband could not resume it , nor did he become entitled to iton her dea th . It was absolutely the wi fe‘s, and went to her
representativ es precisely as would any other money decree aga instany other person . It , then, follows tha t her executor or admi ni s
treter had the right to proceed and collec t i t i n the same ma nner
tha t any other decre e could be enforced after the death of the
person in Whose fever it was rendered . “
In the case of Ln 3 ! Egtgt e of Koeeuth E, Bell , 210 Ill. App . 3 50 ,
we said tha t the claim of a widow against her husband's estate for
the amount unpai d under a decree for al imony i s to be trea ted as
any other obliga tion of the deceased at the ti me of hi s dea th and i s
recoverable as a cla im of the seventh class.
The orders granting the injunc tion restra ining the bank
and i ts agents from disbursing the funds were not the equivalent
of the servi ce of a garnishment summons, or the servic e of a wri t
of a ttachment . All these injunc tions sought to do was to restrain
the bank from paying out the funds, Thi s they ac complished. Plain
tiff did not have a Judgment entered aga inst defendant during hi s
lifetime . to hi s dea th her posit ion as to the alimony and support
money the n due was the came as the posi tion of any other person
having a seventh class cla im. In our opinion See . 11 of the Aba tement
Ac t doee not affect plaintiff's position as a claimant aga inst the
esta te, Tha t secti on. perni ts certain ac tions and proc eed ings to
continue against the personal representa tive of a sole defendant .
‘
Whe ther the case is tried in the circui t or Superior Court or i n
the Proba te Court, plainti ff could not have her c la im for the ac crued
alimony and support money allowed except as a seventh cla ee claim.
The chancellor was right i n refusing plainti ff the rel ief
ehe sought . We do not know whe ther pla intiff, as a safeguard, filed
a clai m in the Proba te dourt wi thin the nine months allowe d by the
Proba te Ac t . In view of the sta tement of defendants tha t they do
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not i nei et tha t she t ile her claim i n the Proba te Court , we feel
tha t she should be given an opportunity to have it allowed i n the
Superior Court . For the reasone sta ted the order or the Superior
Court of cock County i s reversed and the cause remanded wi th
direc tions to enter an order allowing plaintiff‘s cla im i n the
amount the court eha11 rind was due at the time or dec ea eod'e
dea th, against Anna Ri tchie and Agnes Gedra i ti e, as coexecutri cee
of the esta te of Paul Pi la ckue, dec eased, as a seventh c lass c la im,
to be pai d i n due course of administra tion; tha t the injunc tions
be dissolved and that the State Bank of steering pay the amount
standing to the credi t of Paul Pi lacka e ( alias Paul Pla ts) dec eased,
lose i ts costs, to Anna Ritchie and Agnes Gedrai ti e , coexeoetri cee
of the esta te of Paul Pi laeke e, dec eased; and tha t the costs in
the Superior Gourt and i n thi n court be a ccessed against pla intiff .
REHAEDED WITH DIRECTI ONS.
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LentsH. FREISE,
APPEAL FROMAppellant ,
SUPERIOR COURT
CHICAGO a bankigfi
cor
poration, COOK COUNTY.
and HID-si t: NATION BAN or
GEIdAGQ , a banking corporat ion,
Appellees.
S Z°I . 2 6
HRt JESTIGE LEWE DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT.
This i s the second appeal or this cause . Plainti ff ,
Loui s B . Freise, a licensed real estate and insurance broker,
tiled hi e amended complaint i n chanc ery for an ac counting and
to recover commissions in the sum of alleged to be due
hi m from the defendants Bi d-Gi ty Trust and savings Bank of
Chicago, a banking corporat ion, and Hi d-City national Bank of
dhi cagc , a banking corporat ion, for servic es rendered by hi m as
sueh. broker while employed by the defendants. At the close of
plaintiff's case, defendants'motion for a finding i n their favor
was allowed . by the chanc ellor and the amended complaint dismissed
for want of equi ty. Pla intiff app eals,
Plaintiff was employed by the Mid-Ci ty Trust and
savings Bank ( hereinafter called "Savings Bank“) from March 16 ,
19 20 to March 1, 1923 , and reemployed from July 1, 19 23 to Ma rch
23 , 19 3 3 , when he resigned at the request of the president .
Duri ng the period from November 20 , 19 25 until hi s resigna tion
Harsh 85, lacs, plainti ff served as manager or the real estate
loan department and as a member or the real esta te commit tee . In
tha t capac i ty he ”consumma ted deals“ on heal esta te with the
owners of property or brokers representing them, inspec ted and
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of Savi ngs Bank and sustained the demurrer of the Na ti onal Bank ,
and di smi ssed the bi ll as to i t for want of equi ty . Plai nti ff
appealed from that portion of the decree di smissing the bi ll as
to Nati onal Bank . Th i s court reversed the decree , susta i ni ng
the demurrer of nati onal Bank to the amended bi ll and di smi ssi ng
i t for want of equity ( 280 Ill . App . After the cause we e
remanded to the tri al oourt , the defendants fi led answers. The
answers averred enbetent i elly tha t the pla i nti ff was an employee
and duri ng the peri od of hi s employment hi s salary ranged from
to annually, tha t as an_ employee i t was hi s duty to
eooonnt to defendant for all eommi sei ons ree eived from any source
i n the oour ee of hi s employment and tha t i n eonneeti on wi th the
banki ng business, Savi ngs Bank eondneted a real estate loan and
insuranc e department and had the power to lend money on. personal
and real estate aeonri ti ee and the right to charge commi ssi ons
therefor, Berendents further denied tha t Savi ngs Bank eger made
any payment on aeoount of eemni eei ene to plai nti ff, and ever tha t
plai nti ff‘s claim was barred by the ete tnte of limi tati ons and laches.
Repli eeti ene were f i led by p la i nti ff to the answers,
denying that the salary reeei ved by pla i nti ff i neluded or could
i nclude the alleged commi ssi ons earned by him, and denied tha t
def endants had any legal right to onarga oommi eei onne
Pla i nt i ff's pri nci pal oontenti on i s that Savi ngs Bank
had no authori ty under the law to not either as an insuranc e broker
or as a real esta te broker and oollee t commi ssi ons therefor, and
that the feet that defendant Sav ings Bank pai d plai nti ff a f i xed
sult ry'
dnri ng the entire period of hi s employment does not bar
plai nti ff'e clai m for oemmi eei ons, si nce an agreement to ac cept a
publi c poli cy. In support of hi s posi ti on, plai nti ff cites
5
to hi m.“
In the opinion rendered by the chancellor ( Abst . 3 3 ) it app ears tha t
this i s the theory which he adopted .
The record discloses tha t the only testimony offered was
tha t of plai nti ff. he testif ied tha t when he was reemploycd abou t
July 1, 19 3 8, he talked wi th. Wi lli am J . RnthJe the then. presi dent
of savings Bank . Def endants‘counsel ob j ec ted to the alleged conver
sa tion be tween plaint if f and Ra thj e , basing- hi s obj ec tion upon
Sec tion 4 of the Evidence Ac t. I t appearing tha t Ra thj e had died
i n Oc tober, 19 52 , the chanc ellor susta ined the ob jection. Plai nr
ti ff ts counsel then offered to prove tha t Ra th j e as president of
defendant savings Bank requested plai ntiff to ti ts out broker'slicenses and to conduc t a real estate depar tment of the bank for
hinself sinc e the bank was not permitted to do a real esta te or
insurance business. An obj ec tion was also susta ined to the fore
going offer. Plaintiff further testified: ”I never had a wri tten
c ontrac t wi th defendant Savings Bank and was never employed by
defendant Na tional Bank: M ills requested me to resign and I ac cepted
hi s orders and cleaned out my desk; then I mentioned to him ( Mills)
‘c about all these commissions on the real esta te loans and
insurance ccmmi ssi cns. ‘‘Well,’ he said,two will have to see about
that . “ sinc e the foregoing proof offered by pla inti ff fa iled to
support the allegations of the amended bill of compla int, the
chanc ellor properly snstai ned defendantsT motion a t the c lose of
plaint iff‘s case .
For the reasons indica ted, the order dismissing the bill
for want of equity is affirmed.
Kn ox. ou r. AND seem , a. onsets.
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but tha t the pla i nti ff ha s not rec e ived 5 per c ent thereof annually
si nc e 19 5 7 , as provi ded i n the agre ement ( Pla i nt i ff's Exhibi t A )
between the pi ni nt i ff and the Corporati on .
The pla i nt i ff further alleges that i n 19 3 5 defendants
conspi red, combi ned and confedera tsd among themselves to avoi d
the payment of the addi t i onal broker's commi ssi ons du e plai nti ff
and, as part of the consp i racy and. wi thont noti c e to the pla i nt i ff ,
the defendants c aused the corporati on to be di ssolved by thei r
wi llful refusal to pay the franchi se taxes; tha t after the
di ssoluti on of the Corpora ti on , defendants ac ti ng as offi cers of
a de fac to c orporati on conveyed the i nt erests of the Corporati on
to the defendant Robert 8 . Adler who, ac t i ng i n pursuanc e of sa i d
consp iracy and wi th the conni vanee and assi stance of the other
defendants, sold the premi ses new occupi ed by Bond Stores, to one
Ryan; that afterwards defendants di stri buted the proc eeds of th e
sale of the premi ses among themselves; and tha t defendants, f eari ng
they would be held to account to the plai nt i ff for the addi ti ona l
broker's commi ssi ons, procnred an i ndemni ty agre ement from Ryan
to save themselves harmless from any ac ti on i nsti tuted by the
pla i nti ff agai nst the defendants,
Plai nti ff's theory i s that i t i s an ac t i onable wrong
for those i n c ontrol of a corpora ti on and who wi ll rec ei ve i ts
assets to di ssolve a corpora ti on to escape th e p erformanc e of i ts
contracts. Defendants'contenti ons are tha t the complai nt does
not sta te a cause of ac t i on, and tha t the sh i t wa s not brought
wi thi n two years after the da te of the di ssoluti on.
The Engli sh doctri ne announc ed i n n lgx;v . 215 , 2 Elli s
Bla ckburn, 216, and m v . $ 339 50 L. J . Ch E. 5 0 5 , has be en
generally followed in Illi noi s, In giggg v. Bohemians, Inc ” ,223 Ill.
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e fitm en t w e: on how ever one w as cooperat e seepc;'on refines pi e tn
‘open on use q
tap a porno heoeoe no t no wane 5 7 5yo one; s bet el so a c omposer pee
was predi cated on the theory of the wrongful di ssoluti on of the
dorporati on by the defendants, thereby maki ng i t impossi ble for
i t to perform i ts agreement wi th the pla i nti ff . Si nc e i t i nvolves
the "same transacti on or occurrence“, the f i li ng of the second
amended compla i nt i s permi ssi ble under Sec ti on 46 of the C i vi l
Pract i ce Ac t . ( ggtropoli tan Trust Co. v . Bowman Dai rz , 3 69 111 .
see; Graves ave 111 . so. )
Nor is the acti on barred by S ec ti on 9 4 of the Busi ness
Corporati on Ac t , si nc e the compla int i s not predi cated upon the
theory that the de fendants are li able as offi c ers, di rectors or
stockholders of the Corpora ti on . When reasonably construed, the
allegat i ons of the complai nt show that the defendants conspi red to
destroy the Corporat i on, sell i ts assets, and pocket the proc eeds,
all to the i njury of the plai nti ff . The mere fac t tha t they he ld
offi c es in the Corpora ti on does not change the charac ter of the i r
li abi li ty. If they had not hold such offi ces bu t had commi t ted th e
ac ts complai ned of , thei r li abi li ty would have been the same under
the c i rcumstanc es, We are therefore impelled to hold tha t th e
period duri ng whi ch su i t may be i nsti tuted i s governed by Sec ti on 15
of the Limi tat i ons Ac t ( Chi 83,Sec . 16, Rev . $ta ts.
Befendant also urges tha t the enti re agre ement i s wi thout
consi dera ti on bec ause i t i s based on a past consi derati on . The
amended compla int alleges tha t plai nti ff was engaged pri or to
september 4, 19 54 to procure a tenant . We must th erefore assume tha t
the engagement of the plai nti ff took place before the executi on of
the lease betwe en the Corporati on and the Bond Stores. Even so,
a pest consi derati on for the promi se i s suffi c i ent under the c i rcum
stanc es, sinc e i t appears tha t the servi c es were rendered by the
pla i nti ff at the request of the corpora ti on.
169 111 . Apr. 480; Wi lli ston on Contrac ts, Vol. 1, p . We
consi der defendantsr contenti ons untenable.
GHARLEB a. WHITE , APPEAL anon
Appellant ,CIRCUIT COURT
AEERICAN ELECTRIC FUSION CORPORATION , COOK COUNTY.a corporati on, and Efififl fig J . HEEKE,
Appellecs.
3 2 lag“ E, 2MR . JHsTIGE LEWE DELIVERED THE OPINION 0? THE COURT
Plai nti ff , Gharles R, Whi te , brought an act i on at law
agai nst the defendants Ameri can Electri c Fusi on Corpora ti on,
a corporati on ( herei nafter called "corpora ti on
” ) and Edmund J .
Beaks, for breach of a wri tten employment contract . There was
a runry tri al , a verdi ct and Judgment i n plai nti ff's favor for
$2 500 . thereafter defendants moved for a judgment non obstante
veredi c to and for a new tri al . The court entered judgment non
cbstante veredi c to and di smi ssed the sui t . Plai nti ff appeals
Thc complai nt alleges, i n substance, that on Oc tober 10 ,
19 42 defendants, in wri ti ng, offered to and di d employ pla i nti ff
i n the capac i ty of commerc i al di rec tor of defendants‘busi ness
for a term of one year from about Hovember l , 19 42 at the yearly
salary of $12, ooe; that on Gotcher 15 , 19 42 , pla i nti ff, i n wr i ti ng,
accepted sai d offer of employment; tha t , pursuant to sai d agreement,
plai nti ff ent ered the employment of defendants and conti nued
therei n from Q c tober 26, 19 42 to Dec ember 18, 19 42 and. performed
all the terms and c ondi ti ons requi red of him by sai d contrac t of
employment: tha t on December 18, 19 42 defendants wrongfully di s
charged plai nti ff and si nc e that time here prevented. him from
performing hi s part of the agreement , although plai nti ff has duly
tendered hi s servi ces to defendants: wherefore tne plai nti ff asks
Judgment i n the sum of $8 ,187 ell.
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Detergents. erase O i asbxaksons ens bT3 7fi fl f“g5
The corporati on f i led an answe r whi ch . admi ts sendi ng
the letter Exhi bi t A and rece ivi ng from the plai nti ff Exhi bi t B,
but deni es that sa i d offer of employment was for the term of one
year from hovember l, 1942 or for any other term, and avers tha t
sai d letter Exhi bi t A contai ned no defi ni te term of employment
whatever. The answer further avers tha t the pla i nti ff's servi c es‘
were unsati sfac tory and tha t def endants therefore di scharged him
on December 17 , 1948 3 tha t there was due the plai nti ff the not
sum of whi ch was duly tendered to him as payment i n full
for h i s servi c es rendered by him to and i ncludi ng Dec ember
but uhi ch pla i nti ff refused,
Befendant Beaks i n hi s answer deni es that he, i n wr i ti ng ,
offered to and di d employ the plai nti ff, and alleges tha t any
transac ti ons conc erni ng plai nti ff‘s employment were wi th the
corpora ti on,
the ev i denc e di scloses that plai nt i ff and defendant
Hooks had several di scussi ons relati ve to the dut i es of plai nti ff
as well as hi s compensati on before sendi ng the letters plai nti ff‘s
W hi te A and n; that wi th reference to the durati on of plai nti ff‘s
employment he testi f i ed tha t Beaks sai d: "All ri ght, i f that
di vi si on of salary or the way i t i s pai d to you i s sati sfac tory we
wi ll try i t for a year.” Beaks test i fi ed that he ”
never told Whi te
tha t he was hi red for any defi ni te peri od of ti me .“
Plai nti ff c ontends that the sti pulat i on in Exhi bi t A of
compensati on at “six thousand dollars per year“and “
a bonus on
Thanksgi vi ng Day of each year," when ”
read wi th pla i nti ff's testi mony
i n mi nd," warrants the conclusi on that plai nt i ff's employment was
Defendants mai ntai n in thei r argument tha t the contrac t of
di d not fi x a defi ni te time duri ng whi ch i t should
subrolsane «so no: ssxrvzst era s ost rwfi antes rsspears
at t endants aera tors TD ewsrn wetness: ant e can songosoz at
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we have analyz ed all the eaeee ci ted i n the briefs
and are of the opinion tha t the writ ten agre ement i n the present
case was an indefini te hiring , terminable at wi ll , whi ch . alone
warranted the trial Judge in dismissing the suit . (figgg,
v .
reusens given, the Jadgment non obetqnte veredic to
one cyan: heret i cs to see tnenneq so avenge rye pee enroret i'
entrei ca'
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m 12:31:5 7a FILE VQ EM Q IS l
occasi on noose
On December 19 , 19 51, the plaintiff and Frank Gabl the
insured were married, and on August 12 , 1962 the benefic iary was
changed from Garoli ne Gabi to plai nti ff . Afterwards, on Oc tober
32 , 19 36, Frank Gabi again changed the benefic iary to Lorraine
Gabl , hi s danghter‘
by a former marriage who was then a minor. For
almost a year prior to hi s dea th on July 4, 19 87 , Frank Gabi had
lived separate and apart from the plaintiff . On July 10 , 19 3 7,
plaintiff served a. wri tten not ice upon the defendant and the
Register company that ,”Frank Gabi was not of sound and disposing
mi nd at the time he changed the name of the benefic iary i n said
c ertificates; tha t undue influence was prac tised i n order to induce
him to make the change“. 9n. Jn1y 19 , 19 87 , the Proba te Court of
Cook county appointed Fred Gabl and Anna Funk guardians of the
person and estate of Lorraine Gabi , the insured's daughter . On
fiotober 20 , 19 5 7 , the defendants paid the full amount of the
preeeeds of the c erti fic ates to the guardians of Lorra ine dabl.
the gist of the eohpla i nt i s tha t on and after M ay 10 ,
19 56, Frank Gabl , the insured, suffered from hallne i na ti one; tha t
he voluntarily became a pa tient of Alexian Brothers Hospital i n
the ci ty of Chicago and subsequently became a pa tient at Veterans'
Administration Hospital at Hines, Illinois; that aft er he left
the Alexian Brothers hospital and be fore he entered the Veterans‘
Administra tion Hospital he tooane a viotia of undue influence; tha t
while of unsound mind he was i ndneed to ohango the benefic iaries;
tha t after the dea th of the insured the defendant proposed and the
plai nt iff agreed i n writing that the defendant pay“jointly
“ the
insurance money due under the c ertifica tes, to Lorraine Gabi and
plai nt iff, but that the defendant refused to perform the terms of
the agreement . The complaint conc ludes wi th a prayer for spec ific
ewpx‘a?“Leeommq sq afl va fine eofl brgxus pa qrewruseq
0 ; fifl ’ aé fiaxzh pfl fi fl fi sfl eve brvfificraa fimg
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mfifi smeugmq Wfi bfl fi L fi k fi bfi tfifi fi fififi qfilfi fl qfi vz fl ag as xaamyaqas a;
pl gps .IURa£ $g ahfiw figm .br¥ 1ne L re wxe qfi afipcam ag e xué fl frg‘
xx figs wa ana zfifi fi fi fi fi £ agaafq arfi q swa t age fi pfi fi fi fi fix pQ U @&1@1 vnl
eaangez axegm -nwa . xm fig t H 8 $fi &@ a; fin wnq ggn aeqauq
gegaq ug gyfoq 1x6 $n @ms&a wag O O Efi fiGL OIfit mi'
as»
for want of equity. The chanc ellor overruled the plaint iff's
exc ept ions to the master's report and followed hi s findings and
recommenda tions.
Two questions are presented: first , whether Frank Gebl,
the insured, was mentally incompetent to change the benefic iary
of hi s insuranc e from pla intiff to Lorraine Gabi , hi s daughter;
and, second, whether defendant ent ered into a valid agre ement wi th
plaintiff aft er the dee th of Frank Gabi , the insured, which entitled
her to any of the proc eeds of the insuranc e.
As to the first question, plainti ff's princ ipal content ion
i s that the master erred i n placing greater weight on the testimony
of lay witnesses introduc ed by the defendant than on the testimony
of the two psychiatrists introduced by the plainti ff . The plaintiff
introduced the testimony of four wi tnesses, including her own,
Br , Leo J. Le ts, called i n behalf of plaintiff, testified substantially
that Frank Gabi , the insured, was nnder hi s care at Alexian Brothers
Hospi tal from Movcnher 30 , 19 36 to December 7 , 19 86; that he was
“suffering from on erteri oeclerot i o condi tion of the bra in and an
alcoholic brai n condi tion wi th disturbed mental condi tion,"and
tha t i n hi s opinion Frank dehl was ”not capable of understanding the
na ture of a change of benefic iary of a life insurance policy."
Dr . Walter znrndorfer, called by the plaintiff, t esti fied
that he trea ted Frank Gabi from June 12 , 19 36 to June 26, 19 3 6 at
Alexi en Brothers Essni tal; tha t he snbjec ted hi m to various tests
which disclosed chronic nephr itis and decreased fnnoti on of the
kidneys; that Gaol expressed fear tha t someone was af ter hi m; tha t
the “psychosis consisted of constant fear and apprehension tha t
somebody wanted to hurt hi m“; tha t Frank Gabi ha d either developed
or had a psychosis and tha t he was not c apable of executing a change
i n the benefic iary of the insuranc e c ert ific ates i n question on
f t*
e
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rs ress. cs st ats on ross swa t sssU‘
na truss es rves firm
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os's'b' 80 110 1 coacrtreq pl ssbosrtrss seesno use
googot e one nos» ( siren enbxoi ses o; gee ysfifoé en soonest“
esp: ne e ex seesq arse on ooespst IS“rang: swash goon sens ans
geahcoev a rcsoseos tGESItfgt té fi fifie setensssc'
bsvi hhfi fl fi
at své crrsuc‘
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csré fi sears accuse ! zest . 1Low vetoes Is £9 vetoes es'ress
‘some tre es
open “so shore os 8 T] nyfipg {on 9 nos; on gen gels seq cuss ewe some
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spe c boobre sens ponies pro or: one eros’nose eeseonsuse etlrot so
trersertx rsszrtres pawsssh sssssus‘snsvx ever
““test i fi es
go no: open sol tsxet enoe no hostesses on fi gfi O L nonz ey qxesnt pesso
z e sooyehsseq fps: cos erynsesy Leashes o; wrenreo BLp Q L E gosbrgsyoebeoye ox ososnoceooyng ape st ones e; ups: on use erfiujsf
', I:
on GLO S S si ssrue greo ewe nygot ss sentence one} si ssy easy uses
see sop} ez eonge t Loree ee to asset o; spa goebyesy apes no re z a‘
( no pesbyper nfenosn new boomz setoo of DL‘golsqot ish one spa: pt
beseech rs’ ress'sec bec ome estat es st eeressa cos: stewstwp? rsxe
6
on M arch 15 , 19 57 , he was mentally confused and unable to transac t
business; tha t hi s mental condi tion improved gradually, and tha t
at the time or hi s last examina tion on M ay 23, 19 5 7 he had recovered
entirely from hi s mental confusion and was mentally competent; tha t
ho conei dored the disease on acute alcoholic mani festa tion, as the
pa tient qu ickly recovered from the acute symptoms and at a final
examina tion on March 25 , 19 57 ,“he was not tremnlons, had recovered
from hi s mental confusion, and the mental examina tion ehcwed hi m
Br. William H, Heines, called as a wi tness for the
defendant , test ified that he specia li z es i n nervous and mental
diseases and. hne an offic e i n the Behav iour dli ni c or the Crimina l
Gonrt of dock deunty, located at 2600 South. 0ali forni a Avenue i n
the c ity of chi cago; tha t he examined the records or Alexian Brothers
Hospi tal: that he i s familiar with themnthoda by whi ch records or
pat ients are kept at various hospi tals and. hae had occaei on to examine
several thousand: tha t he hased .hi e opinion on the charts, which
contai n the hi story the pati ent gave to the examining int ern or doc tor
at the time , including also the physical and the laboratory examina tion;
that thern 'wns no defini te informa tion on the charts indica ting any
mental aberration or the pa tient at the ti me; tha t he did not fi nd
anything on the records at the time he examined then to indicate
tha t daring the periods mentioned the pa tient was suf fering from
delirium tranch e} that delirium tranc h e i s an acute condi tion, usually
lasting a fewdnfia or a tow vodka,”it clears up or the patient di es“;
tha t the individual may have Ber-rel attacks of the c ondi tion, but
i t is charac terised by recovery; In response to a phypothe ti cal
qnoation recounting all the symptoms of Frank Gabi as shown by the
c linical records or the hospi tals as well as hi s conduc t during the
period or hi s employment , the wi tness sta ted tha t i n hi s opinion
benroq at age tafixsq kumfi In H?! ahrnrav
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8
preponderates c learly i n favor of the defendant , and tha t the
master‘s fi ndi ng ! were amply Justi fi ed .
Plai nti ff‘s second contenti on i s tha t c ertai n letter
( Plr‘s Exhi bi ts 22, 24, and 29 ) appeari ng i n the addi t i onal
abstrac t of reoord consti tute the agreement to di vi de equally the
prooeeds or the i nsurance between plai nt i ff and Lorrai ne Gabi the
bene fi c i ary named i n the eerti fi enteo. Thi s contenti on i s wi thout
meri t , Plai nti ff‘s Exhi bi t 29 i s the last letter addressed by
defendant to plai nti ff‘s attorney rela t i ng to the payment of the
i nsurance proc eeds. The perti nent porti on of thi s exhi bi t reads as
fallou t: “fine guardi an has made clays for full proc eeds of these
c ert i fi cates for the henofi ei ery of record {Lorrai ne Gabl] and i s not
di seased or authori z ed to acoept or be a party to any Joi nt settl ement
wi th your cli ent,“ Reasonably construed, thi s language shows tha t
the guardi ans of Lorrai ne duel, the i nsured's daughter, refused to
make a di vi si on of any of the proc eeds wi th the plai nti ff . We have
examined all the exhi bi ts earefnlly and eennot extrac t an agre ement
from thana In plai nti ff‘s reply bri ef , eoeneel argues tha t Lorra ine
Gabi ”hater had a . voi eo i n. the matter so that she could make a
dec i Si cn or reeomnendati enw' That quoeti ona as we ll as the conduct
of her guardi ans, is not before as, We here not di scussed the other
points presented in. pla i nt i ff‘s bri efs, some of whi sh are outsi de
of the record, si nc e i t has not been necessary for di sposi ti on of
For the reasons stat ed, the order of the chanc ellor di s
mi ssi ng the bi ll of oomole i nt for want of equi ty i s affi rmed,
wru rfi an per: a ow ’
rm a w . W m w on't n saw -meg?
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qc craran o; useemwogqagyawfl. xpfi c é fi gagrou
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of the alleged oral agreement , had fraudulently deposited the
noney with the corpora tion sole wi thout revealing hi s agenc y to i t;
tha t certa in moneys were advanc ed by the corpora tion solo to
plai ntiff for board and lodgi ng and i n the form or cash . The
amended bill concluded wi th a prayer for a Judgment aga inst the
corporation sole for “plus any income rec eived therefrom"
and an ac counting of the other Loretta Paul, plaintiff's
sister, has not filed an. appearanoe .
the amended bill i s based upon the theory tha t the plain
ti ff's claim i s due under an oral agreement be tween hi s father,
Fred Paul and mi nor . defendant contends that it fa ils to state a
cause of ac tion eradi c at ing liability against i t . Plaintiff does
not seek to set aside the trust agreement between Benj amin Elser and
the corporat ion sole . Elser i s not made a party to the proceeding
thoughl the fraud, if say, was committed by Elser , although pla in
ti ff‘s fa ther knew of the trust agreement between Elser and the
corpora tion solo i n January, 19 41 , no ac tion was taken by hi m or
hi s legal representative to di sa ffi rn i t . So far as appears fro:
I
the record, the corpora tion sole has compli ed. wi th the terms of the
trust agreement be twe en it and Elser . I t does not appear tha t the
deposi ted. wi th the corpora tion sole represented the proceeds
f the sale of the real estate owned by plaintiff's father,In effec t plainti ff i s endeavoring to modify the terms of
a wri tten agreement to conform to the terms of an alleged oral agre e
ment betwe en El der and the plaintiff‘s fa ther, to whdch the corpor
a tion sole was not a . party. From the allegat ions of the bill i t
does not appear tha t the corpora tion sole had any knowledge of the
( Plai ntiff ) Appellant,
7 .
JULIUS W ISCHER et ai . C OURT OF COOK COUNTY.
Defené ants.
EB . JUSTICE SCARLAN DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT .
Plai nti ff brought an. acti on. of forc ible entry and
detainer agai nst defendants before a Justice of the pe ace to
obtai n. posaesei en. ef certai n. real estate whi ch. she had pur
entered judgment for defendants. Upon appeal to the C ircui t
court there was a trial gg_ ggzg,before the eeurt wi thout a
Jury and a finding and Judgmeni: in favor er defendants. Plai n
ti ff appeals. Juli us Kanwi scher, defendant, i s the only
as 1354 Brown street, Des Plai nes, Illinoi s, whi ch. she par
eha eed tram Olivi a K. meldenhauer, the widow of Dr . Willi am
J . Mnldenhaner, an February 7, 1944 . After pla inti ff pur
er Pri z e Admi ni strati en. authori z i ng her to evict the tenant
-3
but for the purposes of this appeal we need neti ee one only,
vi z . ,that there was no wri tten proof of the agency of M i nni e
Mbldenhauer to ei gh . ths lease . The tri al court refused to
It i s the law that a party she aVai ls himse lf of the
act of an agent must, in. order to charge the pri nei pal, prove
287 In . 559 , The Statute of Frauds at thi s State ( ch .
59 , see . 2, Ill. Rev. Sta t . 1945 ) provi des:
"no acti on. ahall be brought to charge any persen. upon.
any contract for the sale of lands, tenements or heredi taments
or any'i nterest i n. or concerni ng them, for a longer term than
in. wri ti ng, signed by sueh. party.e
randun of a contract for the transfer of an estate or i nterest
in. lands, ete . must be si gned by the party to be charged, or by
by the pri nei pal, a memorandum of a cents-act executed by an agent
233 Ill . 19 , 21, i t was held that
to bind a prinei pel to a lease , under seal , si gned My amether as
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stated to her that there was no lease upon the premi ses, but
the ecart , upon objecti on. by defendants, held that sach evi
dence would be incompetent . Eeri e Gross testi fi ed that a
month before plainti ff boubht the property, the wi tness,
plai nti ff, Juli us Khnwi soher and M i nni e M eldenheuer were in.
the home of the latter, and i n a conversati on. thet took ;pla?ethere Juli us Kenmi soher and. h1nni e
‘
holdenhauer both. stated there
was no lease upon. the premi ses. Thi s evi dence , upon moti on . er
defendants, Wes stri cken . Plai nti ff also offered to prove that
in march, 1944, Julius Kanwi scher asked he r i f she would execute
a lease for him. for the property so that he could be a tenant
under a wri tten. lease; that before she bought the property she
asked Juli us Kanwi scher and also M i nni e holdenhener i f there
was a wri tten lease upon the premi ses and th e t. they both stated
that there was not . Upon. objocti on. of defendants the court
refused to allow the evi dence . The tri al court erred in. re
fl eeing to em i t the evi dence offered by plainti ff, erred in.
admi tting the alleged lease in. ev1denee , and further erred i n.
not entering judgment for plai nti ff .
Plai nti ff strenuously contended i n the tri al court,
and contends here , that the lease i s a fraudulent one; tha t
i t was drafted and si gned after pla inti ff beceme the owner of
the real estate and after she refused to gi ve Juli us Kenwi scher
a lease to the premi ses, and she offered evi den ce in support or
her contenti on. It seems hardly necessary to state that i f the
lease offered by defendant i s a fraudulent one the enti re defense
would fall . The tri al coart seemed to regard the offered evi
However, i n vi ew of the concluslon that we have reached upun
the fi rst poi nt rai sed by plainti ff, i t i s unnecessary for us
to dec i de the questi on as to whether there i s suffi c i ent
evi dence i n the record to warrant a fi nding that the lease
is a fraudulent one , although we feel impelled to state that
i t i s subj ect to grave suspi ci on . De fendants offered na legal
defense to plai nti ff's acti on and the Judgment of the Ci rcui t
cenrt of Cook csunty i s reversed and the cause i s remanded
wi th di recti ons to enter a judgment i n. favor cf plai nti ff .
REMANDED WITH DIRECTIOHS .
Fri end, P . J . , and enlli van, J . , concur.
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reasonable fee for what the Court does not grant me ." She
agreed to hi s preposi tion . The di voree ca se was contested,
m em e hearings were had before a master and a decree was
entered on key 12 , 1932 granting Amy V. Jenes a di vorce and
the oustedy of her two chi ldren . The decree di rected that
Dr . Jones pay Amy V. Jene e $25 per week for the support or
herse lf and the two ehildren and i t also di rected tha t he
pay her at the rate of $25 per month commencing Angeot
1, 1933, $200 at the rate er $25 per month cem em ing November
1, 1932 for necessary surgi cal and hospi tal em enses thereto
fore incurred by her and $175 addi ti onal soli ci tor ’s fees at
the rate of $25 per m ath .
man and Amy V. Jones after the entry of the decree etdi voree
m y agree d that $500 was a reasonable fee for hi s serfi ees in
outed by Amy V. Jones en July 5,
"STATE OF ILLINOIS
C OUNTY OF COOK
IE THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COOK COM
3 228665
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Jones. He procured the di smi ssal of the appeal and shortly
thereafter, in Deeember, 1932 , Dr . Jones was ordered eom i tted
to the eounty jail on M rs. Jonee'moti on because of his refusal
to w past due alimony and the attorney's fees allowed her to
defend against the appeal . Mrs. Jones then told the court
ta commit was continued unti l M aren 19 , 1933 upon the promise
or Dr . Jones that he w old try to rai se the money and w ho some
w M b. 8, m . Joneswrote a letter to Attorney
Di ekem an whi ch reads in part as follows:
that from thi s time on yourin m otion wi th my case . Youl0th as my attorney.
After recei ving the foregoi ng letter from Mrs. Jones,
B1W served a M i ce on Br. Jones, dated M arsh 10, 1933,
of the assi gm ent made to him by m . Jenes en July 5, 1932 .
He testifi ed that "at that him there was a depression and
for m i en he gave her a wri tten receipt which reci ted
Several were thoreW r Attem y Di cker-man brought
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set forth ack nowledged her obli gati on to pay hi m the balance
of $250 due on hi s fees, that si nce she admi ttedly made a
payment to him of on October 31, 1933 to apply on with
balance , he had a ri ght to bring thi s ac ti on wi thi n ten years
after the date of such payment, that he fi led thi s sui t on
Oc tober 22 , 194 3; whi ch was less than ten years after h e. Jones
made sai d payment of to him on October 31, 1933 and that
therefore secti on 16 of the Limi tati ons Act ( per . 17, chap . 83,
Ill. Rev. Stat. 1943 ) is appli cable to the si tuation presented
here . Thi s secti on provi des in part as follows:
"Acti ons on M wri tten contracts, or other evi dencesof indebtedness i n wri tingting
ofiishall be commenced wi thi n ten
tyears
the cause of ac
Wfigment”.
shall have been made co ac or other t
atten
period ei'
ten years, t any timeWi thin ten of each. payment .
“
It i s conceded that Mrs. Jones'assi gm ent to Attorney
balance due on hi s fees. However, she insi sts that “her shi rt
gati on to pay plai nti ff was not in wri tm aw was therefore
governed by the fi ve—year statute of limi tations and boom
barred by the statute fi ve years after October 31, 1933,
the date on whi ch the last paym nt wasmade by Mrs. Jones."
In our opi ni on the instm ment e3d by Mrs. Jones on July 5,
1932 wasmore than an assim nt. It rec i ted her emplw nt of
Bi ckerman as her attorney to represent her in the di vorce pro
to re c ei ve a reasonable fee for the servi ces rendered by hi m up
to the time the decree was entere d, such reasonable fee being
$500 . The instm nt served a two-fold our-pose . It recogni z ed
balance proceeded to assi gn to Attorney M omm a a portion or
by the tri al court for i n
li ed to hold that thi s Judgment was
the C i rcui t caurt of Cook 0
therefore be affi rmed .
9 . J . ,
suddenly into the lane of the prlvate car to go around cars
parked ahe ad lu . i ront of the Rogers Park Hotel, then. stopped
again . suddenly to let off a nother passenger when. 15 or 20
feet 1n. front of the pri Vate car, that the dri ver of the
private car applhed hi s brakes but the di stance was too short
and he could not turn out to hi s left because of heavy
southbound traffi c ."
The ac ci dent oc curred on Sheri dan road north of Pratt
boulevard on Apri l 15, 1942 shortly after AJM . .At that
ward runs east and west . Sheri dan road i s a wi de , heavi ly
travelled boulevard wi th three lanes on the east. ha1f of the
street for northbound traffi c and three lanes on the west
clear, the streets were dry and Sheri dan . road was well li ghted .
Pla inti ff testi fi ed on di rect exami nati on. that~ on. the
ocsasi on in questi on she was ri di ng north on. 8heri dan road an
the front se at of an automobi le whi ch was owned and bei ng
the center li ne " or“toward the mi ddle of the street"; that
Just as he reached Pratt boulevard Ha rtwell was dri vi ng at a
speed or about 20 or 25 mi les per hour; that when. she fi rst
saw the bus, i t was"in front of us, and i t pulled in to the
curb to 19 31 eff passengers, and there was double parki ng
there , and he pulled qui ckly around the oars parked and than
out i n the senter lane and then stopped and let more passengers
off"; that when. the has pulled out to go i nto the traffi c lane
pee hu e ”heraaayrll13 has an age 9 6 9 3 came“ 0 1 agaaxqma
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made the answers as indi c ated: "Q . And at tha t time was i t
movi ng or standing sti ll? A . It was i dling and i t pulled out .
Q .Tsell, was i t in moti on when you fi rst saw i t? A . Yes,
naturally, When i t come out i n front of 1313 . Q . At that time
where were you? A . We were crossing Pratt . Q . How far from
the bus were you at that time? A . About 20 or 30 feet . Q .
Was the bus movi ng di rectly north when you saw i t? A . Yes we»
and i t seemed tha t i t was goin g ri ght on ahead ."
She also testi fi ed that as she "saw the bus moving
di rectly north," Hartwell's car was "
about 20 or 30 feet "
from the rear of the bus and that he was dri ving at a speed
of "about 20 or 25“ mi les an hour; that as the has pulled out
from the curb i t “started fast , he pulled out and around qui te
fast, but I don't know~
shat rate of speed i t was"; tha t as
the bus was goi ng north to go around the cars that were double
parked at the east curb i t was moving faster than Hartwell's
car; tha t Hartwell's c ar was"ri ght i n back" of the has m en
i t colli ded wi th the rear end of i t; that whether she saw
that the bus was li ghted or whe the r Hartwell's c ar struck
the has di re ctly in the rear"di dn't come into i t W I mean
that i t had no beari ng on i t , bec ause i f we had gone around
the bus, whi ch was the only alternati ve , we would hi t the ears
going south "; that she di d not know that Hartwell's car was
going to run into the re ar end of the has; tha t "we had colli ded
wi th the bus" when i t stopped the second time and “I beli eve
one m an was ali ghti ng from the bus W was throw W he was
letting out more passengers"; that when the has stopped sudden
lv Hartwell's car was "
about 20 feet from the rear end of i t";
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the bus was about 4 or 5 feet from the east curb and i ts rear
end was a few feet north of the north crosswalk of Pratt
boulevard; that the bus was fac ing di re ctly north; that the
front end of an automobi le , whi ch‘was "all smashed up
",was
then about a foot or a foot and one-half south of the rear
end of the bus; that he i nepected the stop li ghts on each
si de of the rear end of the bus and found that they were in
preper worki ng order; and that thoro was no c ar parked between
the curb and the bus where the latter was stepped but that
there we re cars pa rked"north of that .
"
Ada House testi fi ed that she was a housewi fe and that
she was a passenger on. the bus; tha t the bus stepped at i ts
usual stopping place; that i t was fac i ng di re ctly north when
i t stopped; that whi le passengers were bei ng unloaded there
was a“severe crash. from the rear tha t threw her against the
se at in front "; that at the time of the crash the bus was
standing sti ll about 4 or 5 fee t from the east curb; and that
she di d not recall any cars parked between the bus and the
Irvi ng Glasky testi fi ed by deposi ti on tha t he was the
chauffeur of the bus; that there were cars parked along the
east curb of She ri dan road north. of Pratt boulevard; tha t he
stopped the has at the regular stoppi ng place 5 or 10 feet
Berth -
ar Pratt boulevard; that he was double parked due to the
fact that there were cars parked along the east curb; that he
stopped the bus about 2 feet west of such parked cars so that
he could di scha rge passengers; that the east si de of the bus
was about 8 or 10 feet from. the east curb; that Just as he was
spam: m am an u m qoox ma wa s; mm ,W m M W ‘fl t
max fifinqx 9 an 70 asa¢ { Lam £fifi -&9 E§ c amp} pvmp finag 8 9 pa a! »
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p@
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we w e a ba aw wfim em £579 pm ? gw g gm m e egret ma mm
was gog aa ge z z z grsq snag aye me g 9 nomasazga gnq gp fip
cyan; fl fi L O swag hfi z gaq “yoagg a? rpwgfi
fl
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amfi an w e m s: m ay 0 1, we m 2m Loam ; m x mm w as In
em} oz we w a‘mm 156 W abw wfi cm am fi fim on am :
m m atp 9 a n 3 m g m a n-5 1 1g, sog gy G55, m 4; mama
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poq Afi Lq 3 ;p*
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"all of a sudden there was a terri fi c jar that came frem
the rear end of the bus"; that she ali ghted from the bus and
saw the ear tha t had "bumped i nto the back" of i t; tha t the
rear end of the bus was north of the north crosswalk of Pratt
boulevard; that to the best of her knowledge the back of the
bus "was about an extra large step from the curb"; tha t the
front end cf the bus was a li ttle farthe r from. the curb than
the rear end; and that after the c rash all the passengers
wandered to the frent end of the bus and got out .
Plai nti ff testi fi ed i n rebuttal by way of i npeachment
of Ali ce hbmsen, see of defendant's wi tnesses, tha t when. she
was bei ng taken to the hospi tal i n the squad car and while
she was in the hospi tal immedi a tely after the ac c i dent
oc curred, Ali ce homsen was wi th her and that Ali ce M en
told her both i n the squad ear and i n the hospi tal that
"when. the bus re ached Pratt beuleVard i t stepped at the
regular step and let off several passengers and that
after letting out several passengers he pulled out and at
her [Ali ce mensen's] i nsi stence he stepped suddenly by thrawi ng
the brakes suddenly and opening the door ."
Ali c e hemsen deni ed tha t she made the foregoing state
ments attri buted to her by plai nti ff .
The defendant urges other poi nts for reversal predi
cetad on. the asserted fai lure of plai nti ff to preve her cause
of acti cn but we only deem. i t ne cessary to censi der defend
ant's centehti en that "the verdi ct and Judgment are centrary
to the mani fest wei ght of the evi denc e ."
$0 fip é mfi U ILG?t ee i tsfi or eye eaZ Q euee'a
or seri es par as cuyk qeem 3 g n -oeeaeri go cesarean gaz ewqw
asses on ape e aeetrsq LEIIfi t G or brsymaf ar re hi d es p
ea eeeee
so sen pkfiri znartt
'merge errt rhfi fieg
IJ qgu‘
z‘eq 5
‘s ape 1159 3 9 (3139 3, 0 1 6n”537 0 6 W 533
2 4:9 ,n
we we re? BHQW UK W e che que m e doom “
pet {ari se eeeeeu be] Ineregeeee pa arohbeq esgqsu jh ph, rpmoesnh
rq pa l fiery In ape adese oer fog { n are poehrp'y
'
rpv c
2 3 6 M ax re rge'
eoaexrer smasqxa
xamaggfi fi g 0 32, Q C ZGVJq
fiKIQ ‘g figq gug aasgfigggg m {2156
0t Vi t ae
Thheeepeen:exefwertt sevseaz
sq t v Lepnsaaz 93 use at
gas t een and} are rear egreteye arena eyr rye heaeeetet e
L ens Gas at are F3 ? a g e a 12 9 916 tenaee a t eem are cake sees
pea uase enema as si gnsje t te ereh LL Ofi rye carp“! flyfi fi fine
Lesa she oz ape pea se a h oary 0 L rye ne'
er oresaaexa or green
fee Lesa efl s'
0t are per“) area are firz fietee Lk fl fi see her eye
-10~
i n. evi dence . Not enly i s he r testimony i nhe rently improbable
but i t i s contradi c ted by si x wi tnesses, fi ve of whom. were
wholly di sinterested . Si nes thesg7%§tnesses testi fi ed that
the bus was standi ng sti ll from. 2 to 10 feet north of the
north crosswalk of Pratt beulevard at or approxi mately at the
regular bus step on the east si de of Sheridan. road when
Hartwell's ear smashed i nto the rear end of i t , the conelusi en
i s i nevi table that the aec i dent dld not happen and could net
have happened in. the manner pla inti ff testi fi ed tha t i t di d»
Inaamneh as the evi denee clearly shows that defendant's large,
well li ghted bus was share i t had a ri ght to be on. Sheri dan
read when i t stepped ts di scharge passengers and i nasmuch. as
Hartwell's vi ew ts the nerth was unobstructed as hi s car
approach ed and reached Pratt boulevard free the south , we thi nk
only be attri buted to his negli gent fai lure to ke ep a preper
We are i mpelled ts held that the verdi ct was agai nst the
mani fest wei ght sf the evi denoe .
327 Ill . App . 208 ( abst . ) to consi der a factual
si tuati en. i n. a _ persenal i njury case where the uncorreberated
testimeny of the pla i nti ff was contradi cted by six Wi tnesses,
three of when were di si nterested . In that case we sai d:
“do are fi rm beli evers in. tne jury system and are in
fullaccord wi th tra rule stated by the Supreme court i n
a .
r
rsfl 361 Ill . 465, 468 that 'The utmost cauti onexerC
'
sed not only by the tri al c ourts but by the
sanc ti ty of the tri al by jury.‘
analysi s of the
gggy'
i n. the i nstant case
evi denc e we were boundated testi mony as to the
red i n the li ght or hi s
In w 7 ; 313W 279 Ill. APP . 633
defendant for damages for i njuri es alleged to have been sus
beleed by her as a result of thi s ac c i dent; that her claim
was settled by the defendant before the tri al of thi s case;
and that these facts were Em u fie pla inti ff's attorney. 111
"Q . And we fi led sui t: agai nst the Bus Compa q , di dn't
M eter Coach M any, clien't you? Mr . Gli ek z That i s 01339 c
that the Jury be inst-seaweed . The Court : I wi ll instruct the
Ali ce M m , not: for the purpose ef shewing an admi ssi on of
her interest in the euteeme cf the case and the effec t such
interest mi ght have upon her c redi bi li ty, the tri al court heard
chi-m m M ar M M anx“
, M d M ? The mm ssz A . Yes,
unusual ei renmstanees in this case i n. connecti en'
wi th. defend
ant's settlement wi th Ali ee W een . All the plai nti ff sought
te show was the feet that sai d settlement had been made . Ali ee
W en was in all -enti rely di fferent posi ti on i n relati en to
the aeci dent tm was plai nti ff . Ali ee Hansen was a passenger
of a settlement wi th 9. thi rd perm injureé as a rem t of
the same m em e i s stated by M r. Justi ce Lemar in a well
122 an. 547, 56 8 , E. 478, where i s was ea‘id at p . 480 Of the
last meat-M ed rem iss
even m
M enalty aught te be exclu ded .W The rule against allewi ng
evi dence of cemeremi ee i s founded on recogni ti on ef thefeet that men testimow i s i nheren harmful, for the anywi ll draw eenclusi ens therefrom in spi te cf anything bythe parti es at
”
the m ef di scussing the comprem me and ins i te ef whi ch may be sai d by the judge in inst
as be wei ght to be gi ven such evi dence .“
The questim as tn the admi ssi bi li ty ef evi denee as be a
w e was em si dered in the comparatively recent case 61‘M x.
M 3091 11 . Appe 3214 were the cenrt sai d at pp . 330-332 3
ft) m “WN W ?Pk W WI}:“3‘v aw aken? ém m sn a
encamnyyg pgq pswapfia a: pl abbnya$wfi cpa 1afik pi ffl gfi i gnne we
aeflfixwmmnx Hfiq qtné saé q ifia 3ankn ra qz nxafigné fififim‘extg aggc znak
cps dwvz crewa g fiq ph'
brfirmxrzx. a afigdnnfil~ xn neryfiran'
so £9 6
vj fiunntp ape pz rny manna bxdbgnyx anagmrnuq oéfiactrdé a pa
neyewc go pa Ez nnu'
ancp etygswse'“
marcv'
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3: man pg ®X$i Q WETh Ez ejmgxcysy "in pbz ga 01 é nhgpfinfi
z enfisq'
pez c z e 6 zmah‘3 ; T a uzmfinxfl nsjk uwnmz nr
’n fi e M g ? R i ng
19 3 3 on cgs Qfiras nfi gnn gyro“ ancp‘
anrqsnas 3 2 acaang 40 pa Exam
9 gfigz q banaov rmfiameq qn rye egmn uc ¢xq®§n nay ogganaqw
yefig z q»
msqe we go 596 baz fioae gun mywap $9 9 aag gnrcu ax aefigramnfin nq
oggan gnxz z qr cgz ov e nyrex afishong fine ?aua z fi rxfja gag $6 gwaa
as n e ng qa fin z sfl nafi a; gngpfi axgye a i n unmg noma
as s sag g by gupygg 3m can sagz on go naqmce p18
£2? Lfl ye Ta syn; fipfi infiy z fl ac z a $fi 6 afi fl fiffimg fi fi on afi fl xz em
q sfffifi i co“
$92 Ll“
fl e‘m'Tngé
'fine Le g eov Ian
wage a?any asaee c7 gsq g§ z $x3 a 3
pe apnfib TU nn vagran'
pk fins og jmn‘
3 5 C‘3" b' 33 0 ”
nan ny; mans bnmrena g nn ynflanaq a somfinamxas n n one canvc g“L ye Lmre 12 n y asggyaq $N9 £
§ T; In gym gnaw sccz qnug
gyé c é fi i a aq 0 ; b“
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I? Efifi é i é Sn?Eh“eva
‘a'm
f
( SUG) QQI‘
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u
$6 2 $0 snaz q IffiIgflan ye q e npom gmfi
Em ffl‘
q m g:ma m a? w e gumm y M a mm‘
fi fiqe nxgg v gpz nqgg§§
qV £25 wvxxnfi fins 9 z é gnj amnn
to the settlement could not be erased from the
the jurors or cured by proper rulings or instruo
the court . Where , as here , counsel suggests facts
and in hi s argument to the Jury not proven by
Superi or court of Cook ao 1: i s
Fri end, P. L , and Seama n, J. , am our.
copy of same was sent to defendants. The certi fi cate contain
ed the followi ng, among other condi ti ons:
“Thi s certi fi cate only authori z es an acti on to beh for the evi cti on or remO Val of the tenant institu in accordance wi th the re ui rements of local law
and does not pass upon the meri s of such a cti on under
such law.
"Sub ject to exi sting lease i f any."
On M ay 1, 1945, the day after the ew i rati on of defend
ants'wri tten le ase , they pai d plai nti ffs $50 rent for the
month of M ay, 1945, whi ch Was the amount of rent sti pulated
i n sai d lease , and they rec ei ved a receipt therefor. Defend
and July, 1945 and tendered the rent for August, whi ch was
not accepted . an the reverse si de of the re cei pt whi ch Jacob
Si egel gave defendants for the June rent he wrote : "For month
to month tumm y.“ On June 28, 1945 Jacob Si egel served a
on the 3lst day of July, 1945"and demanded therein that posses
ti i‘fs brought thi e forcible detainer acti on on August 1, 1945.
Plai nti ff, Jacob Si egel, testi fi ed in substance that he
Di rector in January, 194 5 and that i t continued to be so li sted
unti l June 1, 1945; that the only re ason he permi tted defend
any new agreements bei ng made , created a 'hold over'and
became a tenaney frem. year to year" and tha t "
a tenancy
frem. year to year can not be termi na ted by the servi ce er
a thi rty'
day demand noti ce but must be termi na ted i n ac cord
ance wi th the sta tute whi ch. requi res the servi ce sf a sixty
day neti ee, i n. wri ti ng , wi thi n four months precedi ng the
last sixty days of the year ."
Plai nti ffs'pesi ti on i s tha t "a month to month tenancy
was ereated here, so that acceptance of the may, 1945, rent
after the expi rati en. ef the exi sti ng lease di d not create a
heldever so as to beeeme a tenancy frem. year to year, but
servi ce ef demand for possessi en an June 28, 1945, demandi ng
pessessi en. of the premi ses en. An8nst l ,
In. brinai ng thi s aeti en. i t was ne cessary fer plai nti ffs
te pressed in. eempli anee wi th. the Illinoi s statutory provi
forei ble detai ner Sui t e
The enly'
qaesti en. presented for ear determi na t ien is
premi ses as tenants frem. ye ar to ye ar upen the same terms
provi si ens that are controlli ng i n our eensi derati en. ef this
It has been. repeatedly held that i f a tenant under a
wi thent any new agreement wi th. hi e landlerd he wi ll be trea ted
as a tenant from year ts year subj ect to the terms of the
agreement wi th them as to thei r future occupancy of same
that he gave them fer the June rent . Si egel's attem t
te create a tew mey fer merith to month er to furni sh
to males a new agreement wi th defendants as to the nature
lease g
that the latter were te ec eupy the premi ses as“(ceme nts from
rug 50 qotevvwwt° arse?“so ovi a
‘nae socoxq zvfi so Enz cx
‘ween:
qez onvt aaearfivec spa cue ewe Leanxnea spfl w ed exi ax Hebe“ t eenag
rewao woo 0 0 51 go qexenqsug so oxoonae seq eponpj i gpei eexgexl
tbvhewovc I“ VEL II’refe
'are: exce Leeeq E3 10? asae e ne cen
Jesse GQ A GLJUR a baxroq o; pno i ssues pexooqe na meaoq ruse sue
no qe ao FO L $66 t nengp’eog
l gpgg go monj q bxebwne a A$ I££6 H
exrce ewnc’
”pone nevez vfi fl ee arLas areon ebvnceunseve we waxeeq
In ape avai l fiene 0 1 Tees“enz eeqewc ene
'
nrfi arts Rfiefie so
3 8 veg eyes; mpqeg} ea?7 sw i nea ebemgeeog ya ape pveemeee*
grooz t s q oa‘
g L Q O H eeesemeex O fl ape eeconq groox’
( are e§3 qemos
typo w Q w efie egeewe purjqenfif'
e aw hoem'e% em enmon eye Lyneg
meaeq go Jeea eeq Le eeqej eq eye Ta~ z oom Le eyqenee
agnefish Lepe eee’v ee@o*
goes erme apeee e g z en‘sue Lemryz
2L?QK pe i g‘see pee fieegex 3 3 u 3 4 ~ £eom
f ke e¢qeuoe vs1901
an» ewe eeee Epfl fifi se he eem ea efi e ’rwaee
‘
esep'
fireez eaee t’
eye Leeonq ez eefoee fi flee t bere a so ewfi‘Jeeef brai ntxxx
‘
wee eexewqwnsvfibeera~
a geek‘cease ewe v z tfl erug e ve ifiefi meve In breeucrzx‘fi xeaen
aexz e ee‘egree eo
'$pe ee ae mes peexq pegoae rue eonmp Aln fi g
£3 messes; be eee eoroe o; gee gz neg wbexgwe og o; Iggy qfl oeeel
qceerveh Ifi s gpe eefl xeefie? gag es ex fl eecefie“ eaernfie eez aeeevfi
’
web?! 9’reee
‘byex3 ¢3ex eneufiee ev'
e ez rcv 9 ; { e aerpre
WH‘mneezoe 0 ,9omeeg DETIAEHEU eHE oerezoe 03 LEE oonye*
vbbazrsfi e*
ea cexoeeoa
eeez exewr eeeee*
vseeer egex
‘
Vhbefreo’
Ebeven fif
evee‘
B.
2 months aft er they had been deli vered to defendant . The
wri tten lease was never executed by plai nt i ff or hi s father ,
or returned to defendant . The defendant moved i nto the apart
ment before the lease was prepared, occupyi ng i t cont i nuously
and payi ng the rent of $90 per month by che ck to the father,
Hrs. Hart di ed i n 1945 and plai nti ff , her eon, a ba chelor,
who had been li vi ng wi th hi s parents, moved wi th hi s father,
Eri ck, to the apartment on the second floor at 1501 Janeway
Terrace . In hovember , 1944 , Eri ck remarri ed and about tha t
t ime, asked defendant to raoeta the apartment and to move upstai rs
i n the apartment oeeupi ed by pla i nt i ff and. hhe father . The
reason for thi s, as testi fi ed to by plai nti ff, was that he had
no bedreon in the apartment whi eh he, hi s father and step-mother
eeoupi ed and had to sleep on a eou ehq‘
fihi le the apartment on
the fi rst floorb whe re defendant li ved, had two bedrooms. That
defendant refused to exchange apartments on the ground that i t
wh o phyei eally impossi ble for hi s wi fe and two chi ldren, ages
one and thre e years? to mo?! upsta i rs to the second floor
apartment and that there was but one exi t from tha t apartment ,
Afterward defendant's attent i on was oalled‘
by Eri ck, to an
ava i lable apartment at 5621 Kenmore avenu e and to a house at
7045 Horth. fiaeoa avenue, but defendant re jeeted these propert i es
the noti ces were prepared by Eri ck Hart and served on
defendant; demandi ng possessi on of the premi ses for Eri ck , and
aft erward a thi rd neti ee was prepared; of li ke import, i n the
name of plai nt i ff and served on defendant and on the 0 0 P . Ai
pri or to the begi nning of the su i t . The evi dence shows that
li do'; to Esther D. Hart and Edward . le Kart, ( Eether'
be ing
merry ape ose ass I no 5 3 9 noeeeoshl rug sp eg ye
are c heryl t easesopen ego soreooi epsnyqhe z oom honey to
se nse rflse cos afienewone! apex whi cz i woe ~
oaz euqt me: one 7 3
I; go Ez qox*
ape Losers qreeroee a’ mes sage ; qoz erqegr
re re qoxeoqwug meal ac ronyms e gge h ee hq oraoeq r: one L esneueq
ELIGK se aggxfee fps: stash so bxsbsnao fl?“Tease we earraenee
goo reason are hhohexeq pa Ehvox one qeyreoheq go qez ewqeug*
boobehrh peyoofieq so ore oom’
goo roses 7s apron so se e nemoq
oooshm roe hee eyeee“
use to we eel prnqrra on solone‘peoon ee hoe
sac soarae a one aeeeaq tree on esteroswe‘sets we searaaq so
seq pro Egeb~ fi rfip 9 &* woo ge e xsog grog ghrofi
‘ape neggen
’ firse
cove firwrnorxx seveso are wfl rxgoons zoo- romaero‘p3 8 Loopfi h
pe aoororoee*
3s roz os'
yr re eyoeh LL Q E er; rye eh z geoe e*
prreozx seq pe e veg sege q yo hose noz ap*
errs oooceosxsoEoe onoc
ebohgmeog z oo or oee3 ;*per he; rxs re ggae
“ ege b~ wogpe h one
two'
s; ra fé aeeeq are a breyvares 7 8 sot aasxwufl so aeefl bz ere
goh roweqrere use are ooc obe fi oz es s gmeyyyrg he: rye eej g',
noose go fieee { orgy go L oae L hoeseeeroo o; seep eeooo aoqearooe
ec ooomeeegrooe are gserxofie Doreeoeu geogey esoe )’ seq
hero; so eyes gore“ oh bhyee he mohe epeh g“Iseg Lon pofl oysfi
so oesopnh he“rose are as one Geeeosxas goes so Lsfiorvsxow we
gwsxooo lore; so goo eggeogyhe goes on h eafiyegz er ( on horoo
a ph go gel on she hrepfi he boeee eeron oz'rps generoa eooomoo~
gee yeogxohq oeoeq‘
0 1 eodsrz eq or sULQ L GS EpI Q
o*5*
APYQ W re ebbz roeeye> oeoaz ge e gee ;
qoeooef ge t qerereeug echo apes eeesror g ( t ) o; ape
3 K3 &8’ so apes» serene
”
yugenoeg To 3 : exeehg rye; go see eoeoh i rofi ape ebehhooog
pi bfsrgeexe‘roe aav’ one area hrvrnaree . a evenen- ose we
pl.tps arouses as one era at Ina osss seq error son Lseono
Q“
or Chicago i s
in no way eontrolli ng for . >the reason
the property but it was owned by hi s
exrete e asses erg qeeerr‘
conesspree efrease eyes qexseq ver
se q we espeq «unease In eye see ex gg‘j gg
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rebate spew! eye: apex sens se eyeee se q or no earns ee brsrceyfli
none bat cpseeqt peer qexesqemg’nrrpesg enceees’ egeesbgeq co
seq some A e t apress avg nsej eea Lon gpe bnnboees LO L ~ ApTOp rp el
nets qofyl et eq ! tFVR reel gre neg obsesse’ be i z ons
’ hi re: on on:
apron spot nets saysoh qetenqens! spe c cps bLeseee seq surges
users obeneee 1s en exz re z enr sevens ens Les cps bonbce ee Lon
songwrrcs! ape: eereeqssg sent ences gpe g ap e Dresses seq emcees
e; gy‘ygp ewes spa epe pgeys ac ne Inersj z og gs { Inez arses fi OL EIUfi
berg go firm so eqqygz eser gasp? cps; we sanseq go bsl rps psj snee
m u bm scru o m: m m so qsw vssut tr ees! m : we m asseu se
7 3 aft er cre ee screens c engrgyos In bye rnci z g i e byeee or pn eree ee !
ape: genevqsug sgeeeq go erase]; £9 0 bueeees seq capes ednrbmees
A i ry pe e mesons! r RTII O B ayfipu ebeeg bL fl EE srpp mecen‘( on
A j ay engoeserc e j emfi seq sexes} s fi JIj en-Q ymbj ex a ugrsfi Ensse‘
sw am : more as N ew s“; 9 ton n esem blem seen wh en» Q u eer
fine Lyssa seen; ezrefiee apex en en spews genrespen ga‘gees
ID cps gebsxrox genes e; gees genngl sRegsep eeonfie q'gyocs
‘
benz eog beet j ese eeyesqek eembeni‘zyj eg e Lost c e ase sombreys:
WE'i fl fl $16§ RfiHEE DEFIAEHWD $HK ObIHIfiH on LEE GO fl fi i
‘
IT’BE'
COOK OGHMLI'
2‘
8aused to be issued by the clerk of the C ircui t Court of Cook
County a writ of replevin for the cha ttels i n an ac tion aga inst
Henry'
J .Volsted, Richard Roe and nary Roe; that the sheriff took
the cha ttels under the writ from plaintiff's premises and delivered
them to defendant; that thereby defendant converted the cha ttels
to hi s own use; that defendant unlawfully took possession of the
chat tels without the consent or knowledge of plaint iff and without
making plainti ff a defendant i n the replevin ac tion . The fourth
count is for noney’
had and rec eived . A. meti en to dismiss the
compla int was overruled. Defendant , answering, Joined issue
as to the material allega tions of the complaint . A trial before
fine court and. e Jury result ed i n a verd ic t against defendant for
$4 ,oce. notions by defendant for a direc ted verdic t , for Judgment
notwi thstanding the verdict , for a new tri al and i n arrest of
Judgment, were overruled. 9n. a remi tti tur of the court
entered Judgment on the verdic t for and defendant appealed.
Pla inti ff , George W. smi th, i s i n the business of selling
printed calendar pads. He is 81 years of age and hard of hearing ,
he had at one t ime be en in the printing business, but did not call
himself a pr int er. so le ts the print ing of the calender'peds out
on contrac t . he has been in tha t business for 21 years. He has
on office at 176 West Aduns street, Chicago . He leases 90 square
feet of spac e on the third floor at 687 South Desrborn Street ,
Ghi eege e Otto Rasher . a he ckbi nder and calendar manufac turer,
and disresee Enttson, a print er, under arrangements wi th pla inti ff,
occupied this thi rd floor spac e ( exc ept an additional small of fice
ma intained by plaintiff ) @ for-
use i n the ir respec tive husi nessesa
It wi ll be observed tha t the complaint alleges tha t the
two pri nting presses and the cutter were sold by defendant to
however, shows that the paper cutter and the Simple: press were
13 at é p é é taessetsare e é eeri rsc «Trades are: one
Bernesreeq pi brsfnirz z )‘not see issport teebeorri s pnerne é eee‘
coonbyeq spy: gowns green obese ( execs: so engravers: one} : otxxoe
em cees? c ue m inerse poogprnoex. seq sin
-sneer. m mm m ist‘
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on stares r: geesvot es senses” enroefi e‘ gs Test es ac ednsne
or sena tora
gs new peer rs ens; pserness {on 3: leeie*
go se e
press} ; e be foren‘no regs one bi rscfnd or are oej a rt
‘
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ge‘aae
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'
se qegesosne! rye; Efl é ktpl qefeuqese some ones?one sewerage
are ent ree} : swets'
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st i fl es to pt teases9 1 are areas 0 1 fire att est: costs at
U
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ox qesc uqsua cat : no worq rpm onwssern co Aoracwq I3 e fl aawrwaq $5
on i n vnhsnfi awsnp psassau bjsxugtxg sag Aor§ c% q*
lpfi eb ucé ncyéfi
spa; AO JE£8 q use agbuyrsq aJap cps novel bwz q on five finxapwua Bison
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sages; fi sxe ru a q couqrgranl spa; qeLavqwng wfinoeq ca qej xac n
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afire fi fia *
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ca runbeeg cpe mfi cpyuanm s; g brags on gpa usfi b nongp'
srqa a;
euq £9 9 3 qez euqeuc Inecnaa c soutl Aorszsq'
z b $5 3 3 3? brvrnsrta
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cprog fia'
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t ug ggg g 3pm “si ren prfip ab eaq fil es? u se bunapsaeq on aarfipan $3“
2
Defendant, as vendor , and Voletad , as vendee , signed a
condi tional ealee contrac t da ted September 50 , 19 42 covering the
sale or the cutter and the Simplex press for Thi n contrac t
acknowledged the rec eipt by vendor or i n cash and therein
the vendee promised to pay the balanc e or in four monthly
installmen ts beginning oc tober 50 , 1942 , the first three installments
being for $509 each. ahd the final installment for $250 . At the
time of the execution of the conditional sales contrac t Velated
also delivered to defendant a promissory note for payable
as agreed i n the contrac t, On Oc tober 29 , 19 42 defendant , as vendor,
and Voleted, as vendee , executed a eondi ti ohal ealee contrac t for
the Miller high speed press, the purchase pric e being $500 . The
contrac t acknowledged receipt of $125 i n cash and therein Voleted
premi eed to pay the balanc e of $37 5 i n eight consecut ive monthly
$50 each and the final installment for $85 . Voletad also execu ted
a promissory note for town, payable as agreed i n the contrac t .
Plaintiff testified that he did not know about the condi tional sa les
contracts. Pla intiff testified that on November 19 , 19 42 , addressing
defendant , ha ac i d: “I've got no receipt for wha t I‘ve pai d you.
I've got nothing to l1t I paid you on thi s and when you
get up the receipt you and Hr. volsted give me the rec eipt for both
and I‘ll .gi ve you taco more . " Wi tness testified further tha t:
“They wrote up the rece ipt and . broaght it i n.“ The rec eipt, signed
by defendant and da ted Kevember 19 , 19 42 , reads: ”fieoei ved from
Perfec t Peerless calendar gempany, on Sept . 29 , 19 42 One thousand
dolla re ae tiret payment of $2 7 50 , purchase pric e on one 44 inch
Power paper cut ter wi th automa tic clamp and motor for same. Also
one Miller Simplep ri nt ihg press with two motors, D . 0 . current,
polyvxe crew butane: on I yrrj en gran abeeq hoeee‘t ce hyep more;
82A aou’
DG°LP° Bfi ae’ ! aut o Lou Q'i l recez t
apert ee one heath er
rein ifbfl vnoa rs 8no¢'
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ee { th i smethane or gsé po‘behooves baron on one of ruby
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* tacos: “aeoeracq than
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3 3 6 Grow 16d geoo meee ‘, ai sweaa ca tertrcq ta z cnek tha t:
Rec ab one hteerbn too the gn‘goregeq Eras no one neoorhg gen porn
xlac to; noeprnfi to open I berg zoo gj‘ooo on gyro ego hpoe lea
qexeoqeng’ we eerq: “I‘le her no neoexhg no; hoop 1 ,a c hero loo‘
covenaeca'
exsrorrxe ccaeez z oq $5 9 3 at oea ewpsn To"roes
‘eeee ee arot
trrrverot eee zttwee seer we owe me } th an t hose one c oaoxsxowtr evrea
e bnohreechl were {on gg gg‘hexepye e a efihoeg 7m gpe 8 0 3 £LW$ 8
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’t ease rmeswrrwonca z oo
theoreeq so bet the peronoe or teen In erhpo ooueeoanylo oonrpri
contrac t e cgncnyegteq heeayhé or $15 9 yo crap enq {HQ L Q IU Aoyeraq
fine EIII Q L granabeeq beet a’ewe bonope ee hares porn? tgoo
'goo
any ap i eceq‘e h a enqoc
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we cahe eq In ape oeh hhee g*
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£7 3 3 on rye exeohgz on oz op e G Sfi Q TRIOUfi I eej eo oongheog fioj eeeq
revue tot teen ever not the treat ra ttarrwevt oak 3890“
vs the
thererz tanea retreats?eeseoet eo’roes’ tFG z rnea erase twoctrfmovz e
m “W e em f-me ea m a the offense 61. tr ees In m m momm a
t etfiearetfiae out toe etbe rt Aewoon 0: 91*ooo It cost t he fipsnotfl
ueye o; rye entree one ope prehyox bLeeo Lon gsigog
‘gore oonsneo;
eoq ryeeey horse oooctoec qenoq aebrewpon go’
yaes c ea enqnfi one
b‘tfi fi tfi fi fi’$3 A Q UGO L
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pi g hq on avg fi fl afifi h sag gpa 3 5 9 bxeaaa a avg 10 ; wani ng 8 9 g, agren
€I£1 n7 a si bahxz zah fi n? afl pwreaeq ab qaz fi fl qvux Lox vra BTfifi fi t fl B G”
cognaaregfirvfi $93 gem waaymfi 9 3 g 3 3 16 3 3 8 x”mas haew sq pk braynn
p7 3 q uaeaea st at i areq ayyx aye naaeybgfi
exaebs zpw GIEHEO
An gu s; m ew s“ m m gflmw 133 W 9“are? AG IM M
'l m i
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pa Aarfi apre 3 9 firm fifi “Az qa fiwa 9a cps baz aanpa mfi ga pi firm~ fl uqan
§p9 < k easqbg Gynan £ 9 brwwngyga on gea a&p@ § ya'ya¢ 5 fi O fiIq
m am a ” Za mora m ban n er! at QV LSq fi té
m m eem m mm r
£3 9 baosqbg 3 3 3 3 max figs ge Lme 01 xps sae'ewyan
b fi % 9 &5 £9 29“ fifi fi fi i fi fi fi fifi fi $3 Afi I afif g’
bIFTfi fii li 61? BO t
maeyxuea co pa bar? { 3 m¢w¢pj k bfi i mgnga o; narsan’ wafi rzsfi cj i
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vygpaaap spa L é é fi xbfi 9 6F5 6fi18 q€®a £3 9 3 ape bummenge asks
mam. tfi 5 2 6 as gag xyfiea ya figé $9 3“
fiewxpaxu fig“ sag bi fiAIHfi Aunt
61 M e” Vi ew w wu m aW fl 'new m m“m m M ? em : m
6
notes, defendant approached plaintiff and gave hi m an Opportuni ty
to take over the conditional sales contrasts and to pay the
balanc es due thereon. This plaintiff declined to do. Defendan t
then requested tha t pla intiff permi t hi m to repossess the cha t tels
as previ ded in the conditional sal es c ontrac ts. Plaintiff told
hi m he could do so, but when defendant attempted to remove the
cha ttels hs was ne t permi tted to take them. Thereupon, defendant
brought a replevin ac ti on i n the circui t Gourt for the purpose
of repossesei ng the cha ttels, naming as defendants, Henry J .
Velstad, John Bee and Mary Bee. The dheri ft’s return shows tha t
he served the replevin wri t on "George herman Smi th, herei n named
as John Bee,“on Harsh 25 , 1943 . The wri t was served at plaint iff‘s
premises on Desrbcrn Street and the chattels were taken from tha t
locatisn . The Gi rcni t deurt found tha t the right of possession to
the cha tt els was i n the plaintiff therein, George J. Bloom, and
entered. 3ndgment accordingly. Plaintiff, dmi th, knew tha t the
chattels were tshsn from hi s premises on a replevin wri t sued out
by de fendant . Nevertheless, he did not appear i n tha t case or
assert any right st ownership or possession in the chattels, nor
did he attempt to set aside the Judgment , According to plaintiff's
theory, not having rescinded the sale, he was enti tled to possession
of the cha ttels» Assumi ng that he i s right i n hi s sla in tha t the
sale was te his and. thnt there was a breanh. of warranty, he could
have successfully resisted Bloom’s rcpi svi n ac tion by proving tha t
he was the purchaser; that the re was a breach of warranty: tha t
ha was damaged in an ancnnt grea ter than the balance due on the
purchase pri ce; snd . thnt he was enti tled to re ta i n possession of
3 0 pat e pass burg pl pr: we bonsrgrea ruboaoq pa spa aoaoafiwué z
goo mum w hen“ W u “1 0 8 cu“ w e: 61’
s“orm w 101 231m m“
Lebsssongt fir'qsg bvtq on gpc baz apt ac bnTGé 01 £9 9 apwcsera
*
to a w arm est “ gnome cm Im am w es‘aao
' mm w ean:
z en 9 g enqro: 10 5 gq'ooo
'bysrucr‘; LocoSnrxoq gyve pl ooueenz tmfi
gages byw:ua1;§ 3 3 spaonx we yobs tno Eooqafi
ggans use no aware
scarce t fivrneg cps 9 3 13 9 3 LO L qwmsaee { on are pnesap oz na sngh‘“
3 ; pr: syg cgrou soecbp 0 L xseb fine fic aqw sag BUIU£¥ 13 an
. Apsz s gfl G LG re a pLssfip o; assnwngl pa ppe eoyren'gut pamfix aah’
nvrz onw avrsa Y° £ ( 3 8 0’ea‘cv
‘IST?’ III
”
set'an
‘f§¢ai =
crx;, e ac es rm pvaaq ow spa gaj j oayufi ayahes a; aec'es 0; fps
a; ca nonmp zb'cpese awn pa 5 0 Lseoa ank anqeu cps; comng
*
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gen monax peg wag LGG Q TA GQ‘
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buoo; awe snpnxgceq go anbboLc ppva O O HH 8'
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no
t cnroxen a; spa 0 19 3 0 a; v tuprax, a esac *
mp 9 pprz q Guava re
fi FLL fi fl si ’
$fi 9 seeang conng tyrefi é a { La fi q eg g q@ 0 @xg*
gat e use
genus 1 0 L xye cowbj srng 1 9 goanqsq abau s pxswcp a;
s: cps gsmbexsz unsa msgugerneq In spa bnguxefl a'
gocgrwoul { a anq z ebap$q pysa ape bLe c a a carq no: {nuecz eu nnobexrz
tucnoquoe $ 3 1 Ge fl nfiaL é i fr7 3 fi caegrmoni on cpya berug'
ape
asabexsgk ns gas 3 bxee g noom re 3 0 qaenfi ea'
braruzfxz q was
$ 3 5 1 8 19 ag e bLemree a new 93 ex ea qhfincc a’
fipfixsc a ewe bucket
grwbrex b&ese a afi yq no: sha z rce buobcxrx art fié cvauc gym safl ban~
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8
bec ause he defaultefi i n hi s contrae te. The evidenc e does not show
tha t any penal ty payments to the Government were c aused by the
fa ilure of the prees to eperate . Plainti ff asserted i n hi s
verified oenple im; that the penalti es he was required to pay to
the M om ent for failure to ship pads was Plai nti ff
a m not make any attemp t to peeve the di fferenee i n the value or
the simple: press as delivered and aswarranted .
We fi nd tha t the W ent is eontfiery te the mani fest
weight e: the evidence, The au gment or the Superior Geert of
Geek Gonnty i s reversed and the eauee remanded wi th direc tions
a manner not i neenei stent with these views.
m em e REVERSED AND CAUSE REMANDEDWITH BIM C'BIONSe
m ’PQ J’ M D 10
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are GQ A fiLfi wsfl t get t Ifi LG $0 QHID 0 3 3 8 nee eeee‘fe
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cogni ej z rog z cy ogong ge i\pee1 3ofi‘org so O LQ B L osoe i eq nosey
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notion of pet it ioner, hi s petit ion for na turali z a tion was
di al i esed .
The pet it ion ti led . Angnst 24 , 1945 , on whi ch the pre sent
proceeding i s based, re cites the issuance of a cert ifica te
or naturali z ation to pet it ioner on march 27 , 19 20 on the order
mentioned above; that pe titioner had no not ice of the motion
to va cate the order admit ting hi m to c iti z enship , and tha t the
order of April 5 , 1929 was entered “without hi s be ing notified
of some and without opportunity for a hearing on same”; tha t
thereafter,“under misrepresentat ion made to hi m by representatives
or the Uni ted Statesg whose nameshn» de ee not new remember ,"as
to the validi ty of the order or April o, and under premises by
the same representat ives that a new certif ica te of natural i z a tion
would be issued on a further considerat ion of hi s petition, he
after;"on the 24th. day of Harsh. 192 4 under representa tions by
representat ives or the Bni ted States, whose names heé doee not
new remembers falsely and fraudulently made . tha t (or) he would
dismiss hi s sa id natural iz at ion pet ition they sould . wi thdraw
the ir objections to a la ter pe t it i on and would ac c ept or consent
to hi s la ter petit ion for'naturalisatien at a later‘da t e; and
your pe titioner, relying on the aforesa id representations, and
havi ng .full conf idence i n the representat ives of the United
Statesw and the ir expressed intent ion to assist hi m, made no
inquiry or invest igat ion to ascertain the t ruth, me rit or
validi ty or leggli ty or the act i on suggested i n the aforesa id
representat ions, and he was persuaded to sign a request tha t hi s
pe tition for naturali z ation be dismissed, and on mar ch. 28, 1924,
petit ioner's pe tit ion for natural iz at ion“; tha t the court was
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M " one 111 v . m 221 111 .
By sect i on 11 of the Naturali z a t i on not of 19 06 the
Uni ted Stat es wanéigthor i z ed to appear i n any naturali z ati on pro
c eedi ng and to be heard i n opposi ti on to the grant i ng of any
peti tion. The photootati c cepy of the order admi tt i ng peti t i one r
to c it i z enshi p bears the notati on,"Admi tted over obj ect i on or
U. 8 . Examiner,“and the order of Apri l 3 , 1920 vac ating the order
at admi ssi on rec i tes that i t was made on mi t i on of the Uni ted Stat es.
The halted Stat es havi ng appeared . volnntari ly under authori ty granted
hy'
congreen, i t remai ned a party to the proce edi ng for all purposes.
and since pet i ti oner's present appli cati on i s fi led i n the or i gi nal
natural i z ati on proceedi ng, on the alleged ground tha t the orders
sought to be va cated and expunged are voi d, the respondent i s a
nec essary and proper party and its obj ecti on that the court i s wi thout
Juri sdi ct ion of i t i s unt enable,
the order of Apri l 5 , 1920 does not show'
not i ce to peti t i oner
or rocpondent's moti ont It does reci te the fi l ing of respondent's
mot ion“wi th. an affi davi t attached thereto showi ng the presentat i on
of a wri tten mot i on. Kei thor the mot i on nor the a ff i davi t are made
a part of the record. Pet i tione r i n hi s bri ef says that the record
fi led in thi s court "i s the copy of eve rythi ng i n the re cords of
thi s case on t i le 1 1th the elerk of the Supe ri or court of Cook county
from the very lho at torney for respondent sta ted on
oral argument that the wri tten moti on was mi ssi ng from the f i les
noti ces of mot i ons are frequently i ncluded in the name cover wi th . the
not ion, and support ing papers to whi ch the noti ce refers. It was not
d reci te that not i ce was had tn the
pet i tioner; There i s authori ty to the effect that a court may mod i fy
not i ce . It i s a
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In the instant case pet it ioner's subsequent filing or a
mot ion to dismiss hi s petition for f ea tureli z c t ion was a
recogni tion of the validity or the order of .Apri l 3 , 1920
vaca ting the prior orde r of naturaliz a t ion and cont inuing the
applica t ion for naturali z at ion for further hear ing, and the order
subsequently entered upon pet iti oner‘s not ion cannot be quest i oned
by hi m nnleee the facts set up i n the pet i ti on. now before us are
suffici ent to ra i se a quest ion or fac t as to hi s voluntary act ion
i n the mat ter, uni nflnenced by fraud or misrepresentat ions binding
the respondent . The pet it ion wholly fa i ls to make se ch. ehowi ng .
The alleged misrepresentat i ene whi ch . peti ti oner urges as invalida ting
what appears npen the record as hi s voluntary act ion i n dismissing
hi e pet i ti on. for naturali z at ion, are sa i d by hi m to have been made
by representatives of respondent, whose name ei nadoc c not now
remember. nei the r the ident ity or offic ial capa c ity of the alleged
wrongdoer nor hi s authority to bind the United Sta tes i s shown .
Furthermore , the act ion or the conrt cou ld not be controlled by any
agreement or recommenda tion or any representa tive of respondent ,
however'hi gh hi s official position . The action of pe titioner in
of the motion to vacate the order of na turaliz at ion.
there i s another obJect ion to pe titione r's cla im or want
of not ice of this mot ion. The present pe t ition was not filed unt il
1945 , more than 25 years after the entry or the f irst order, and
more than 21 years after pet itioner's dismissal of hi s applicat ion .
In 31 Amp Jnr . , Judgments, sec . 423 , it i s sai d,"The presumpt i ens
in favor of the regularity of a Judgment become stronger with the
lanes of years. It has even be en sa id tha t almost any reasonable
sustain rights asserted under a decree whi ch i s twenty years old .“
organ 8 re hostel leans
W W I“ to am a m pt ww afi w n m art en to own m
13 pe t each poor we re rpa g offi c es col noe eoUepjo
to { anon on one refinre i rgi or e teqtnenn poncho egncufiot ni gh opt
i n a! W”i n
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‘ne w EW RM N W
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ape efj otoq nrcnehno tengnsrene apron hsprgronon erase so Juaeyrqe gzofi
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the m a rrow m om tun e as m e after amou nt “
{ n one neeatn’nornz ynoocoq pl gnooq on nz enehnoeerseryone pruqroé
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mentor so qgenxe e eye hegxz ron Lon i ne pnneyz regroo nee s
In ago sneaenn ores beg:g:owon . e ea peodocng z zrrrfi o; e
466- ILLINO IS APP1 — 328 IllApp Pt 3 61579 4 16 M ullen 8x10x23 Case 195
CASE— 195
In re Petmon of Anthony Volpe to beAdmltted a
s en of the Um ted Statesof Am en caAnthony Volpe, Appellant, V Um ted Statesof
Amen ca, Appellee
Gen N o (Abstract of D ec1s1on )ALIEN S
, §8 — fwhen oalzdzty of order m natu/ralzz atwfn proceedm gs
wasaeooym eed by subsequent film y of m otw n Where pet1t1on wasfi ledto set asxde Older vacatm g pr1or ordex adm lttm g petltlonex to c1t1z en
slnp, on ground that pet1t10ner had no notlce of m otron to vacate order,and 1t appeared that about four years later pet1t10n for naturahz atlon
wasdlsm lssed upon m otlon of petltloner, held that subsequent film g of
motlon to d1sxm ss h1s pet1t1on for naturah z atm n was recogm tm n of
vahdlty of order wh1ch petltxoner sought to have set as1de
Appeal from the Supeu or Court of Cook county,the H on U S
SCHWARTZ , Judge, pres1dm g Affirm ed H eard m the first dlvrsm n,first d1str1ct, th1scourt at the F ebruary term ,
1946, opm lon fi led Apn l8,
1946 Guy 0 Grapple, for appellant , J A lbert W011, Um ted StatesAttom ey for N orthem D ust of II] Antom o M Gassaway and JohnPete1 Lulm skl
,Assmtant Um ted States A ttom evs, and D ewey G
Hutchm s0n, Um ted States N aturahz atm n Exam mel,D ept of Just1ce
Imm 1g1at1on and N atulahz atmn Se1v1ce Opnnon byJUSTICE N IEM EIER
N ot to be pubhshed 111 full
2 .
the wr i tten lee ee t e ndel occup i ed the pr emi a e e a n a t ena nt
from veer to year . Send el'e doront a rests upon an all oyed
conversa t i on whi ch he teeti f i ed took pla c e be tweenAhe e nd
hi s wife and Er . o M re . Wager i n July, 19 3 7 or 19 3 8 . In
substanc e , Hand el teet i fi ed the t er e .wag er told hi m i t
was not neceeeery to ooh for the form each yea r on was
hi e custom; tha t he repl ied tha t some agreement should be
reached on the leng th of notice to be g i ven ehould either
of them d esire a change ; tha t he thought notic e should be
given i n M ay or a t l east i n July i n order to termi nete the
tenancy th e followi ng t orch and tha t ere.Wager coneented
to th i s. Both M r . e er e . toner deny tha t th e allowed con
versa ti on oc curred . Evidence was i ntroduced showi nc th a t
M r . Wage r we e i n Cuba i n July 1 9 3 7 e nd tha t fire .Weoer o n e
i n Europe dur i ng th e entire summer of 19 3 8 .
Hemni tt contends that th i s orel agreement , i f i t
we e ever made , i s vo i d und er the sta tu te of fr onds bec e u ee
i t could not b e performed wi thin a year . The e ffec ti vene e e
of thi s ergument d ep ends on fihen th e eer eeme nt woe intended
to take effec t . Sa ndal te e ti f i ed z“I o qked ere .
Wep er for
the term for the followi ng ye ar . I don't k now the er e c t words,
bu t i n substanc e , ehe eoi d I d idn't have to oak for the fa rm
every year , tha t I could go ahead e nd fore Ju e t so I had b een
doi ng . I said we ought to have a n undera te nd i nc i n c e e e e i the r
one or the other wanted to moke a cha ng e , and tha t we ehon ld
have an ag re ement When not i c e should b e g i ven and 0 t
tha t e tenant should know by hey or at least by July the f i rst t ".
It i s coperont from thi s tha t Se nd el unde r e tood he was to have
possession of the form from M arch 1 , 1 9 5 8 ( oeeumi ne the ag re ement
was mad e i n to M arch 1 , 19 3 9 , and the t th erea fter er e . Wager
agreed to give hi e a longer not i c e than the si xty days permi t ted
STATE O F ILLIN O IS
APPELLA TE COURT
February Term , A . D .
G en . No . 9 48 5 Ag enda t o . 5
CLARENCE s YORDY .
Pla in ti ff-Appellee ,
~ vs~ Appeal from
THE FARM ERS AUTOM OBILE IKSURAN CE Ci rcu i t Cour tAabO C IATION , a Rec i procalInsuran c e Exchange Organ i z ed and ) Ta z ewell Coun ty,Exi st ing Under th e Sta tu tes of
the S ta te of Illi nois,De fendant-Appellan t .
Dedy, J .
th i s su i t was brough t in th e Cir cui t Cour t of Ta z ewell
Coun ty by Claren c e E . Yordy, who i s th e pla in ti ff-appelle e , aga i n st
The Farmers Au tomobile In sur an ce Associa ti on , to r e c over $7 fl 0 . 00
wh i ch Yordy con tr i bu ted to the assoc ia t i on toward i ts se t tlemen t
of a cla im by Walter Wittmer aga inst Yordy for person a l i n jur i es,
the assoc i a t ion h av ing se ttled such cla im by paying Wi t tmer $5 5 00 .
on Janu ary 7 , 19 3 9
On Oc tober 24 , 19 5 6 , there was a motor vehicle a c c i den t i n
wh i ch Wi t tmer r e ce i ved severe i nsur i es . Therea fter h e brought su i t
i n sa i d Circu i t Cour t aga inst Yordy and L . R . Su t ter to re cover
for su ch i n jur i es . At th e t i me of th e a c c iden t Yordy c arr i ed
a c c i den t i n suran c e in su ch assoc i a ti on on h i s automob i le . Th e
a ssoc i a t i on , through i ts a t torney and i n behalf of Yordy , du ly
d e fended such su i t of Wi ttmer vs . Yordy, e t al . on M ay 16 ,
i n su ch su i t a Jury re turn ed a verdi c t of gu i lty aga i nst Yordy
In encp our: 9 inc h t ern t u eq a A O L Q Ie t o; En z ych etwqu er Lough
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19 89 , Yordy purchased two hank drafts payable to h i s own order , one
for $65 0 . and one for $100 . Thereaf ter on January 4 th Yordy
indorsed and delivered the drafts to a hr . Jack , as manager of the
assoc iation , wh i ch were ca shed by the associat i on . On Janu ary 7 ,
19 3 9 , the associa t i on obta i ned a release from Wi ttn er and gave i ts
che ck for $3 5 00 . i n su ch settlement .
Thereafter Yordy brought this sui t against the assoc ia tion .
A jury re turned a verdi c t for $7 5 0 . i n favor of Yordy, on which the
Judgment appealed from was entered . Th e a ssoc ia t i on brings this
appeal .
The complain t , so far as i s ma terial charged tha t the defendant
”made sa id settlement and sta ted to the pla intiff illegally,
fraudulen tly, and dece i tfully, by i ts statemen ts, a c ts and condu c t ,
required the pla inti ff to pay the sum of $7 5 0 . toward sa i d se ttle
ment , and tha t relying upon said statements and representa t i ons the
pla i ntiff pa id sa id sum to the” defendant .
the only content ions of the assoc iation can be summari z ed as
being , tha t the trial court erred i n denying the moti on for
Judgment notwithstanding the verdic t , and tha t therefore the Ju dg
nent should be reversed , and that , i n the alterna t i ve , the
judgment should be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial
on the ground tha t the verdic t was against the manifest weight of
the evidence .
Counsel for app ellee say i n their br ief ,”To simplify the issues
here , we are will i ng to confine this argument to the qu estion of
whether or not the defendant fraudulently i ndu c ed and required
pla in tiff to pay the $7 5 0 . to be used by i t i n settling the c ase
well below the poli cy limits."
On su ch qu estion only
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he wen t to Dempsey's off i c e ; tha t th ere was presen t yr . Ferd in and ,
Mr . Ja ck , M r o Dempsey and Yordy; tha t Dempsey brough t ou t aga i n
th a t they were li ke a te am of horses h i tch ed tog e th er and th a t
they owed ha lf and Yordy's obli ga t i on was to ra i se an d they
would pay th e i r be cause of th e v erd i c t ; tha t on e of th e
other gen tlemen sa i d ,"Why Claren c e , th a t
's th e law, you h av e got
to pay ha lf , you owe half of tha t . We are wi lli ng to pay our ha lf ,
but you owe your half and you wi ll h ave to pay your h alf" ; th a t
Yordy th en told them tha t he c ouldn't pay i t , and th ey asked h i m to
c ome ba ck aga i n ; tha t the next day h e wen t to Dempsey's offi ce
and saw Dempsey a lone ; tha t Dempsey sa i d ,"We h ave ta lked th i s
ma t ter over and de c i ded to pay $2 5 00 . You say you c an't ra i se i t
and we ar e going to go ou t of our way . We on ly on e ha lf . We are
goi ng to go ou t of our way to plea se you , and we wi ll pay th i s Q Q ROO
i f you can ra i se tha t he told Dempsey he couldn't do i t
tha t Dempsey sa i d ,"Well, i f you wan t to go over to yr . Kn oblock's
offi c e we wi ll go th ere , and i f he c omes down any tha t wi ll be your
sav i ng"
; tha t th e next day they me t a t Knobloch's offi c e an d a t
tha t t ime Dempsey sa i d to Fn oblock ,"We have agre ed to pay $2 600
for Clarenc e/i n th i s case . He c an
't ra i se the money ard h e owes
h alf and the company owes ha lf , bu t they are wi lling to pay
Tha t Yordy then asked Knoblock wh a t was th e le ast h e would t ake
and he sa i d $3 5 00 ; tha t when he got home h e 'phon ed for Dempsey,
bu t Dempsey was not i n so h e ta lked to hr . Ja ck , th e man ager of
the assoc i a t i On ; tha t h e sa i d to tr . Ja ck ,"I suppose you he ard
we c an se t tle thi s for $5 5 00 and I owe Would you be
wi lling to pay $5 00 more i f I could ra i se $5 00 . I wou ld try to
r a i se tha t Ja ck sa i d ,”No , we h ave don e more th an we
I wi sh a t th i s t ime to fur ther sta te tha t in mak ingthe compromi se se ttlemen t wi th mr . Knoblock for
in wh i ch 1 am paying th a t I am
recommend ing tha t the se tt lemen t be made ; tha t
i t i s my desi re to d i sp ose of th e ca se a t th i s f i gure
and fur ther tha t I c onsi der th e i nsuran ce Assoc i a
ti on's c on tr i bu t i on of to be more th an th e i r
legal obli ga ti on and tha t I am comple te ly sa t i sf i ed
and appre c i a t i ve of th i s se ttlemen t .
”
Yordy further test i fi ed tha t he reli ed on the 'var i ous sta temen ts
tha t he was li able for h a lf of the se ttlemen t ."
Knoblock , so far as i s ma teri al , test i fi ed tha t dur i ng the
settlemen t n egot i a t i ons a t Knobloch's offi ce Dempsey told Knoblock ,
"I have told M r . Yordy all we hav e to do i s ma tch h im dolla r for dollar;
th a t we are only li able for h a lf of th i s . Regardless of th at , how
ever , we have agreed to go to $25 00 of th e $3 500 you a re demand i ng ,
and i f th i s c asev
i s set tled I have told M r . Yordy tha t h e wou ld h ave
to ra i se that Dempsey sa i d ,
"I h ave told h r . Yordy tha t
thi s v erd i c t i s for and th a t all we have to do i s ma tch
hi mt dellar for dollar , and tha t we have be en wi lli ng to do , bu t h r .
Yordy sta tes tha t he i s havi ng d i ffi culty ra i si ng mon ey, and i n order
to be fa i r abou t th i s we h ave agreed to go to
Dempsey, so far as i s ma ter i al, test i f i ed tha t after th e re turn
of the verd i c t he told Yordy he would f i le a mot i on for judgmen t
notw1 thstard ing the v erd i c t and a mot i on for new tr i a l , and i f th e
same were den i ed judgmen t wou ld be en ter ed aga i n st Yordy for
would
and in tha t even t th e companyA h av e to pay of the
J udgmen t and Yordy would have the responsi b i li ty of payi ng the other
and tha t Yordy sa i d ,”Well , i f you say so I wi ll take c ar e
of th at r i gh t away"; tha t he th en sa i d to Yordy,
”No . you shouldn't
do tha t , you have everyth ing to ga in and noth i ng to lose , exc ept a
D'Arcy test i fi ed tha t in the c onferen c e of December 3 oth
Dempsey suggested tha t Yordy consult some i ndependen t c ounsel ,
and Yordy sa i d he d i dn't th i nk he n eed ed any c ounsel ; th a t in such
c onferen ce n o one sa i d to Yordy,”You are lega lly l i able for on e
ha lf of the se ttlemen t in th i s case .“
Ferd inand testi fi ed th at a t such con feren ce Dempsey suggested
tha t Yordy consult other counsel and Yordy sa i d he was sa t i sfi ed
wi th the represen tat i on of M r Dempsey .
Fre i tag testi fi ed tha t in January, 19 5 9 , Yordy told h im he h ad
a chanc e to se ttle h i s ca se for $3 5 0 0 ; that the assoc i a t i on had
a greed to pay $2 5 00 and h e to pay bu t th a t he would li ke
to have the c ompany go to $27 5 0 and he pay $7 50 .
Robi nson test i fi ed tha t in January, 19 3 9 , Yordy told h im tha t
the case c ould be settled for $3 5 00 and tha t he was anxi ous to
h ave i t set tled , and tha t the assoc i a t i on h ad agre ed to pay up
to $2 50 0 and wanted Robinson to agre e tha t th e company would pay
$27 50 , and sa i d tha t i f th e assoc i a t i On would pay $27 5 0
ha t wou ld leave $7 5 0 for h im to pay and h e would be very mu ch
p leased .
In rebutta l Yordy test i fi ed tha t h e d i d not a t any time tell
Dempsey tha t i f Judgmen t for was en tered and be c ame fi n al
h e would pay d en i ed tha t Dempsey ever sugg ested tha t h e
c onsult other counsel ; den i ed tha t he had the conversa t i on wi th
Fre i tag tha t the la tter test i fi ed to , and den i ed tha t he h ad th e
c onversa t i on wi th Robi nson tha t the la t ter test i fi ed to .
We consi der the foregoing to be a fa i r sta temen t of all of
the ma teri al ev i den c e . xfl xaxxz xsxxsxuxxeafl ( Xduxxtxuuxat xxxxxxx
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8TATE OF ILLINOIS
February Term. A . D . 1946
Gen . No . 9 489 Agenda No . a
John M . Furr and Amanda u .
Plaint i ffo- Appellants Appeal from the
C i rcu i t court of
Shelby County :
Shelbyvi lle, Illinois, et a i . ,
ndan o-4 11 ee ?.Dare t Apps e
3 2 8 £ .A. 3 1 3Dedy, Jo
Thi s i s a proceeding in chanoery by wh i ch the plai nti ffs,
John. h . Farr and Amanda M . Furr, seek the canc ellati on of a mortgage
and notes thereby secured upon payment thereof by the pla i nt i ffs,
and the canc ellati on and removal of record of two deeds. The chance llor
ent ered a doorse dismi ssing the oomplai nt for want of equ i ty. Plai nti ffs
his wi fe . were i ndebted to the defendant She lby Loan a Trust
company, herea fter referred to as ”Trust Company," in the sum of
on ten promi ssory notes of that date , due five years
after date, beari ng i nterest a t se per annum. payable semi -annua lly.
To secure payment thereof Ei leen and wi fe on sa i d date executed and
delivered to the Trust company a fi rst mort ga ge on acres of
farm land . Therea fter the Trust Company. in due course , and apparently
pri or to maturi ty thereof , sold all of the promi ssory notes to
eertai n of the defendants herei n .
execut ion of thi s dead . and i t was held by the Trust Company wi thout
being rooorded from September 10 , 19 11 . unt i l July 15 . 19 36 . when
i t was racondod o
Such. mort gago i s the mortgage sou ght to be redeemed from . and
aaid warranoy and qui t c laim dead are the two deeds sought to
be canoelled i n thi s prooeodi ng.
Arthur 0 . Wi lson di ed i ntestate in 19 3 8 . and hi s wi dow d i ed i n
19 3 9 . No admi ni strat ion. waa had on. h1s estate . He left surviv i ng
as hi s only heirs hi s wi dow and six children , vi z . Grace Wi lson .
Luther Wi lson, waltor Wi laon . Amanda M . Furr (who i s one of the
pla inti ff! and tho wi fe of the oovpla i nti ff John Furr ) , Clarence
Wi lson and Howard Wi lson; Therea fter erase Wi lson di ed unmarri ed
and intestate . Thereaftor and on January 19 . 19 44 . Luther Q i laon ,
waltar Hi laon, Glarenae Wi laoa . and Bowara wi lson , for the consi derat i on
of four dollars, qui t~olai mod all intereat i n sai d promi aes to the
plaingi ffs» On July 11, 19 44 , plai nt i ffs started thi s sui t .
On Septombor 11, 19 3 1, a lease dated September 9 . lgxl. was
sugared into by the ?ruat company as lessor and John E . Fur?
as lessee . whereby John Fur? rented from the Truat Company
the south aoroa or sai d real est ate from garoh 1, 19 3 2 , to
February 88 , 19 3 3 . Thi s lease conta ined a provi sion. that i t was
sub ject to oanoellati on in case of a bonaflao sale by the lessor
before Boveober 1, 19 3 1 . in Whi ch. oa ee $5 00 ahouli be pa id to the
lessee . eeaond lease was entered i nto wi th the Trust Company
by L ¢ 0 . Westervelt , trust offi cer , and John a . Furr on August
18 . 19 5 2 . Whereby finch sores were leased to Fur? from. mar6h
1, 19 3 3 . to February 88 , 19 54 . 0n. the book of the second lease
appears the followi ng i ndorsemant , dated Au gust 18 , 19 3 8 . and
m M ‘m : u; an em u -sou: n o} . pew broom: n:
m oh m . m «m um m be“ n ew17130 m m» m“am on m on
w on-ou w m e am ' w e cam or. the ee -cru w cu an ew :
new ton-q «0 m t w W 9 “M t-pow:
mm : w ere W OW “
on m ew a“we) " we em an at e n u tsor: m wieru sfi m ew
w of? m am we w ere 9mm yea-rm w e m e wwe arenas
h ! cm “W IW * M v W W II? ow n “ma n" W w e were n
the oompeny by the mort gagor in. eeti efeot i on of the mortga ge debt ,
that the c ompany should hold ti tle for the benefi t of the parti es
interested . tha t the oempeny mi ght mana ge and rent the premi ses,
and from. the proc eeds pay the taxes and expenses. the overplue
to be di atri buted among the part i es i nterested ; that any offer
of purchase shoula be seemi tted to the cert i fi cate holders be fore
a sale wee made , that ueon a sale the company ehould pay the
proeeede, lees expeneca , to the certi fi cate holders. that i f the
sale pri ce was more than the mort gage indebtedness, the excess
should be pa id to eueh certi fi cate holdere , end that the mana gement
or the fave mi ght be removed from the Trust company on. requeet by
two thi rds of the parti es i nterested .
The mort ge ge et all times bee been and is held by the Trust
Oomeeny ena no release thereof be e been executed . The notes were
never returned to the merteegere , and ever si nc e the issuance of
such ali quot part certi fi eetee the Trust company has held eueh. notoe .
After the execution of the warranty deed on september 9 , 19 3 1 .
nei ther Arthur 0 . Wi lson, nor any one c laiming under him; eeeertod
or attempted to escort that said mortgage indebtedness was not
sati sf i ed by the gi ving of eela warranty deed unt i l about the time
pla int i ffs obtai ned such. qui t~ole im deed in. Januery, 1944 . from the
Wi lson. hei re .
fhe only wi tnesses who testi fi ed e e to the giving or obta ini ng
of the warranty deed were John .E . Farr end Lula Wi lson. ( ehe being
plei ntiffe, end L . 0 . Weetervelt who testi fi ed for the defendants.
3 0hn e . Farr teeti fi ed thet on September 9 , 10 81, Arthur 0 .
wi lecn told him. that L . 0 . t eetervelt had been out that afternoon
and wanted a deed for the pleas, and wanted the wi tness to farm
land . and was coming back that eveni ng. and M r . Ei leen. eeked
a; a n m : 06m m :m : gu n m an calm; w e m enu s n , m JOIIIQ‘
hoctroc cpvc $9 eponé pr awe antmfi £0 $0 a an co ear: apt Isaq wnw
xré opfifi ! cnvc st aceaaexa avtq at cunnaps cue cpvufi 3 6 Q O are 3 °
tr“q*O Q . 1 $9 9 6 fimv' ¥ fisfl fi k a‘axraew pefiwu rs out wnq A 8N £ zueo eye
u m“) a ; M arg a in” emerg ency aw ays}; I qcmw w e no pm aw e
tfinfi6 tat $Pfi i nonfq a fl wc aye Jana $0 arcu@ sa i cave eve nxsngaa
knoé aassfiv peat“ an; spa £0 13 9 oafi rq ecmvtufi fi gt rzns btfips
I fidfipc so cfl tn as unta i sfivs Afi fl $9 L AO IC aq $fi$¢ ape pwn; q
iaba’ avfio wpfis: ré au fi cvwa a fi fl b e~1313 0” asrw‘a z q0u 4 ¢ xfiwa mustyeu
dfl fianq 9‘autonoq vistas; eye tax§ 3 . 3 fipW¥ fifie assuaaa avrq‘
$ 1 sen t:
31303 9 “K7 3? 3 0177? 4?t rpm £90 1 9m m m y 3 153 9 9 W $24 9 6? $3319
m M ¢W $ W t?“ em u £014 33 ” W8 aaawm arc N
’
Ifi"
3 M
m g N m e n ew "“1 W m m m Lon a to ai m 9 gan g so w e M at es :
133 we W m . m’
j fi oufig n u “n ew mm ‘gaacm eyc i nfe
-g asayam en
m il 3 73 57 N1 “ tam “ AW N “W N W at“ w W vfl scw m rfl mm m
e'a rm 33m mine m
’
and m m garnet; an ; mm un m et! $5.19i ea cps;
wi th Dale Wi leen; thet‘
Weetervelt then went aheed to explai n a ga i n
whet the deed was for . pract i cally the eeme thing, that they wanted
e deed for thei r own proteeti en; that fire . Wi lson asked Lula and
the wi tness t hat they thaught about i t , end they told her that
ehe oeuld go ahead and si gn i t and could cont inue to live ri ght there ;
tha t the deed wee then executed . and Jake Wendling, who was a Notary
Publi c . then eeme into the heuee and took the acknowledgment to the
deed ; that after the deed wee executed and given to Westervelt he
sai d that he was goi ng te St . Loui s the next day end eeuld not be
in town in time to get the deed reeorded . and eeked them not to say
anythi ng to outsi ders about the case . i f anybody gets hold of i t they
are li able to get a judgment against them and knock i t out for
f i fteen months; that the wi tness asked Westervelt i f the mortgage
and netea eculd be delivered out there , and Westervelt sa i d . no .
he theught the thi ng te do was te leave i t ri ght there at the bank
unti l i t was eettled up in ease of a sale . when. the wi tness was
asked why he asked westervelt i f the netee and mortgage would be
sent to fit . Wi lson i f they were not pai d , hi s enewer we e ,‘aeli , I
was wondering i f he was goi ng to do i t i f that was the way he was
going to do i t .”
Lula Ei leen testi fi ed that earli er in the eveni ng”the folks had
told us that Hr . westervelt wanted them te si gn a deed for the ir
place to the bank . ” that after Westervelt came the wi tness was in
the ki tchen When fire . Ei leen came i n eryi ng; that later fire » Wi lson
and the wi tness went into the room where the deed wee later executed ;
that Westervelt then eeked Ere . wi leon to si gn. the deed and sa id .
“era . wi leen. I think yen eheuld si gn the deed , i t i e as much for
your good as for the bank ,'and ee id ,“Hr . Wi lson wi ll si gn the deed
farm house the deed was executed .
Weetervelt deni ed he told the Wi lsons tha t they were pretty
mush involved and i f 3 Judgment was taken a ga i nst them i t would
throw them i n bed shape and the bank tooe deni ed he told the
wi leons that the deed was only add i t i ona l securi ty for the bank
deni ed he sai d the mort gageve could stay ri ght on the farm $ust
as they had be fore . but sai d he di d tell them that the Trust Company
would be glad to rent the south part of the term to John e . Farr
and i t fiurr cared to let the fillsane cont inue to live i n the house
duri ng the term of the lease the t was no affai r of the Trust Company;
deni ed he sai d he theught the thi ng to do was to Just leave the
mortgage in the fvuet company‘s hands unt i l the ma tter was settled up
deni ed he sai d he thought the thi ng to do was to sell the land
and all over what the mortgage debt took would be turned ov er
to Hr . Wi leeng ideni ed he said they were not taki ng the wi leon's
heuee from. them, and deni ed he sa i d they were just making th i ngs
safe for the bank and er . and fire . Wi lson could sti ll etey there
as their home .
Westervelt's explausti en se to the delay i n . i ssui ng the ali quot
pm certi fi cates was that the m a em had d i ff i culty i n
getti ng the note hold ers to meet and a gree on e plan for the operati on
and sale or the farm, and thet sueh agreement was not reached unti l
about 19 3 7 .
John e . Furr test i fi ed that on September ll . 19 5 1 . he went to
the Trust Gospeny and told L . c . westervelt i t looked to him that
i t would be better for the Truet company togive the Wi leoue the
farm house and ei ght sores of land and "strai ghten the thi ng up
ri ght now." and that WesterVelt sa id he would see . Westevvelt
testi fi ed he had no recollect i on of any such conversat i on .
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uncontrad ioted evi denc e thaws that at the t i me of the a z eau ti on
of the dead the than value of the premi ses was less than the amount
of the i ndebtedness, by the fac t tha t the deed l imi ted tne r i ght of
poaseaoion of the grantors to M arch L, lots, tbo fac t bhfi t fin Au gust
18 0 19 3 2 , Arthur 0 . Wi lson si gned the i ndarg ement on the Fuwr lease
which. atated that he , as a sub-tenant , was then leasi ng 3 13 ac res of
the farm from Jehn im. Furr, and i n no other ri ght , the fac t that
on warch 1; 19 3 4 : when . the laat Farr leaae had termi nntad , Arthur
0 . Wi lson. and wi fe moved away from the farm and nQ V &r tharoafter
c la imed or asserted any i ntereet therain , the fac t that Arthur C .
Wi lson d id not at any t ime after the az aeuti on of the a t t ranty deed
offer or attempt to pay the i ndebtedness or make any q u iryeonoa rni ng
the same . and the fac t tha t after Septem ber 9 . 19 3 1 , the Trust Company
made ma attempt or request for the payment of the i ndabtofl neas, but
immed i ately took and cont inuouely reta i ned the exoi u a ive and
und i sputed possessi on of the whole of the premi ses and duri ng such
,It 18 our opi ni on that the tvi al court d id not err ln entar i ng
decree in questi on . Therefore such aacree i s aff ir 0d
Affirmed .
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Gneei e scott , testi fyi ng for the pla i nti ff , sa i d
that she had seen aefende nt i n the tavern whe re wi tness was
employed . i n mem ber , 1945 , abou t 10 dr i nki ng beer . i n
the m any of one Carl Redford ; that at anothe r ta vern ,
defendant was drinki ng beer wi th pla i nti ff's brother , Harry
real . no date bei ng speei fi efi ; tha t on. each occasi on , all she
saw them do was to si t there dri nking beer . an redi rec t exami na
“thi e man”, they W e i n by themselves and left by themselves.
m m Real , brother of pla i nt i ff . test i fi ed tha t i n
answer to a qu eeti on by pla i nti ff i n February. 1946 , he repli ed
tha t he had been wi th fiefendant . Wi tness then testi fi ed tha t he
had been i n the company of lire . Meal , the defendant . a lot of times;
tha t the fi rst time he w e elem wi th her was i n M y, 19 45 , on 3
unti l ei ght-thi rty er ni ne o'clock and emrteci ba ck
tha t a t lire . Eeel's requeet . he stopped the car and
relati ons wi th her; tha t severa l m ele e la ter he baa
wi th her i n a trai ler wher e eke was li vi ng on clear
time ‘s la ter. cm another oeea ei on i n the tra i ler , the
th at the last time he heel eem l relati onswi th her
etgtefi tha t he di d not tell hi s brother about thi s ma tter unti l
19 45 beeause "I fi geroa tha t was hi s busi ness. not my busi ness; I
wasn't telli ng nothi ng ." Q .
"weulfin't tha t have been Just as
appli eeble before?" A .”No .
”Q .
“Why di fin't you tell hi m before?“
.A .“I wi ll tell you any. Do you want me to tell you?
“ Q .“Yes.
“
A .“x went out Gee ni ght and I had i n my pocket and she took
all my amugh and. the next morni ng she ga ve me my dough and I steak
i t i n ey peeket and when I get home I had She takes tea
“new m ,“ we?» w as m m. seeme e
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Roll Floworo te sti fi ed tha t oho was the mother of
dofonfiant; that &uri ng tho time the tra i ler was used , she , a t
all tamas, i lvei there wi th her é aughtor ; tha t Harry Nea l was
there sovoral ti waa and that most of the timeahe was a ccompani ed
by a woman out hi s wi fe; that he nover~ hoa any Opportuni ty to be
«Andrew Whi te , oallod as a wi tnsoo on. behalf of pla i nti ff ,
wont into a touri st oabdn; that wi tness, i n a oar , was wa i ti ng for
anothar~ man anfi rfimalnod thoro for*
ab@ ut forty mi nutes and never
old 3 3 9 fiafenaamt emmo out; that no l ights wovo turned on in tho
Tho ovtfiofl oo of too of pla i nti ff‘s wi tnossos. Harry Neal
aafi. Aadtow whi ta , boars fii reotly on the oommi ssi on of a dultery by
tho fiatonfiant . As to the testimony of plai nt i ff's brother , Harry
wi th hi s oonooa1mont of hi s knowloé go unti l sovoral days before the
tri al . whore i s also the statomont i n the lottor of pla i nti ff to
finftmfiant i n regard to a alvorao , that he would never qui t unti l he
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Appellees, APPEAL F3 01! sum oa
CQURT, COOK COUNTY.
3 2T L A. 3 14
m . JUSTICE 8M IVAN DELIVERM m OPINIQK OF THE COURT .
Thi s is a habeas eerpus proceeding brought hy mam
mu tt and Hertha m ist , hi s wi fe , of Geneva , Ohi o, te recover
Fer a clearer understanding or the i ssues presented
in thi s caee i t i s necessary that the factual si tuati on be
set ferth semevmet fully. The evi dence di scleees that the
si sters and that they are fi rst ceasins er the plainti ff,
1911 unti l when he married hi s present Wi fe , Martha
m was a baby the Conklins teek care of him a great deal at
ei ght years eld hi s parents gave him to the defendants ta rai se;
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sister, whi ch they were unable to locate; that thi s letter
bar the advantages and edueati on. hgre and send her through
we felt that we Gould knep her"; that shortly after she repli ed
as her si star Flarenas.
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~5~
dent turn di fferent up there wi th Bi ll not Respec tln Be tty
at ehi ldren Phylles she was net going to Let Dorothy com
Baak'
I told bar I wi ll see to that when. the time O OEBS ."
Gn. Ju1y 13 , 1943, Bhr§ha Hurtt wrate a letter to the
cankli ns, whi ch. i s i n part as fallfiwsx
"we have deci ded that» Dh Hg i s nbt comi ng back to
M I
“9 , E. is ear daughter and I intend she wi ll bea li km thfi rest and
“m answer magma letter the answer i s sti ll ‘no.
’
I m wu r im nd having Dex-aw ,
Batnwe leavi ng Chi eage wi th. har mather in. Jun£ , 1943,
arraneamfl flxs had haea . made far Beyathy's parti c i pati an i n. a
kney hat . EhfiY'tfild bar that they baa to return. her te har
whare is undi spuxmé avi é finfie i n. the record that in. 0ctob"
wi ll let Dorthey and Csrline come after Chri stmasI am in the Dog house sti cking to Betty 8:
W11 tha has got control and you wi ll Just hartto Play i t easy what you wri te .
“
The Conkli ns compli ed wi th hi s request and wrote Dorothy
i nvi ti ng her and Carolina to come to Chi cago during the Chri st
mas holi days. Her brother bi ll sent her a round trip ti cket
and she and Caroline arri ved at the Conkli n home the Sunday
eveni ng after Chri stmas. On. the followi ng Thursday Dorothy
had a talk wi th. Florenoe and Nelli e Conkli n i n. whi oh she asked
attorney Florence Conkli n told Dorothy that they would do
What they could to keep her . Dorothy then wrote the followi ng
letter to her parents:
”Dear mother and Bed
"The more I have thought aboutgoi ng back to Geneva,
the more I have felt that I just can'do i t . I have askedAunt Florenc e and. i uat Nelli e if I can't stay wi th. them,and they
'ssy that they wi ll be glad to have me .
hurt over thi s andThi s has beenb my
li ke my real home .happy wi th you and to be a
that I Just can ’t go on.
"I want most of all to get a good edusati on. and to dowell in my sehoel work , Here at Swi ft School I have alwaysdone pretty
'wei l, but i nk Geneva I was fsim and I am
Efraigthat I would
tfiever et th
ggggh, high
sohzginfg
e
zggere eon. on si 0 so I wi l oer
do good worgfi
and to graduate .
"Althggg
h you don't [know] i t , I ori ed myself tosleeglots lots of ni ghts thi s fall , and I lost nearly
thi r eon pounds i n we i ght when. I should have been. growingand gaini ng .
” lease, please say that i t i s all ri ght for me tostay please don fit blame anyone except me for my dec i si on,for thi s i s really What I want most i n the world .
you wi ll want me to be happy“
and i t but i f I have to go
"Lots of love to allYour lovi ng daughter,
Dorothy.P . 8 . Caroli ne wi ll some home Suneay. Bi ll wi ll have the
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M KS Hurtt earned meager wages and his fami ly was more
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case but she had theretofore fi led thre e sui ts fox di vorce
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to undertake to rai se Dorothy and send her through school;
that such. egreeeents, whi le not absolutely bindi ng, wi ll
be gi ven great wei ght by the courts, espe c i ally when acted
upon for many years, and when i t appears to be for the best
interests of the chi ld tha t the agreement be carri ed out;
tha t , whi le parents have a superi or ri ght to custody
ori ginally, that ri ght may be lost ( and i n thi s case i s lost )
by permi tting the chi ld to be rai sed from i nfancy i n another
home , where ti es of love and affec ti on are formed , fri endshi ps
made and cemented, and associ ati ons formed whi ch cannet be
broken. wi thout greet harm. to the chi ld and great pa i n. to be fl h
the chi ld and to the persons who have expended thei r love and
care and money upon. the chi ld"; and tha t "upon the evi dence
in thi s case , mi nds cannot di ffer upon th e preposi ti on. that the
best interests and welfare of the chi ld demanded that she
renai nt wi th, the Conkli ns nor tha t her prayerful wi shes were
to stay here .“
Plai nti ffs'theory i s tha t "as parents, they are enti tled
to the exclusi ve care and custody of th ei r own. chi ld, that
they are fi t and proper persons to have her eare and oustody,
end th a t they have not forfei ted tha t ri ght by any act cf
the i r own"; that ”they have permi tted Dorothy to resi de wi th
the defendants wi th the understandi ng that she return. when
r equested; tha t when they learned of C i rcumstanees that led
molded and she was bei ng estranged from the rest of her fami ly,
and when they rece i ved i nforma ti on. defendants had concealed
from. then. whi eh ccnvi need them. that the Conkli n‘hone was not
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the Conklins if she would spend the month of July wi th him
i n Ohi o . Dorothy's father told her to get the permi ssi on
or the Conkli ns to make thi s tri p . Jost a few days before
fi 3 . Hurtt took Dorothy to her home i n June , 194 3 she di s~
cussed wi th. the Conkli ns the ki nd and color of dress that
she should wear upon. her gradua ti on from. grammar school i n»
Chi cago the following January; It mi ght be added tha t the
Hortts'"fi nanc i al c i rcumstanoos" had not C hanged"for the
hotter" i n. Juns, 1943 , as they clai m, As late as December,
1943, marks Hurtt wrote the letter to the Conkli ns, hereto
fore set forth, i n whi ch he i ndi ca ted that his fi nanci al
affai rs we re i n a very precari ous condi ti on.
The judgment order of the tri al court was predi cated
pri ma ri ly upon . the theory that the fami ly i s the foundati on
of c i vili z ati on, tha t i ts permanenc e and stabi li ty should be
safe-guarded and that the techni cal legal ri ght of plai nti ff!
to the custody of Dorothy was paramount and superi or to- her
best i nterests and future welfare , unless t he Burtts had for
fei ted thi s ri ght by reason of thei r unf i tness.
In . our Opi ni on the fi nding of the tri a l judge that there
was nothi ng i n the re cord "to i ndi cate tha t ei ther the father
or mother ever i ntended to surrender the custody" of Dorothy
to the Conkl ins i s aga i nst the mani fest wei ght of the evi dence
and i t i s also our opi ni on . that the tri al judge di d not gi ve
preper consi derati on to the best i nterests of Dorothy and
i gnored her Wi shes and feeli ngs i n the matter, althongh. 8ho
was the person whose welfare was most deeply involved i n. this
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not be re turned to thorn and from January, 1936, when Dorothy
was turned over to the conklins to be rai sed by them, unti l
Ehrtha Hurtt advi sed Florenc e Conkli n by letter on July 13,
1943 and again. on. dugust 3 , 1943 that she was goi ng to keep
Dorothy, nei ther of Dorothy's parents had ever by letter or
spoken word or by am act of thei rs i ndi cated an intenti on
to retake the chi ld or to assume the sli ghtest burden wi th
reference to her . Eartha Hurtt also admi tted upon the tri al
that she di d not intimate or suggest to Dorothy pri or to
Jane 28, 194 3,“when she took her to Geneva , Ohi o, tha t she
In plainti ffs’ bri ef i t seems to be conceded, in effect
at least, that the evi denoo shows that Dorothy's father did
agree that the Conkl ins should have custody of Dorothy untLl
she fi ni shed her schooli ng but they say that "any not or
representati on"
by harks Hurtt cannot therefore be construed
to pre judi ce the ri ghts of Martha Hm'tt ." As already stated,
the evi dence shows that M artha Hurtt was ei ther a pa rty to
of M arks mu tt corroborati ng thoir testimony and completely
refuting hi s mm testimony and Mrs. Burtt's eonduc t in per
mi tting Dorothy to remain wi th the Conkli ns wi thout objecti on
for more than seven and one half years, i t must be held that
record “to indi oato that ei ther the father or mother over
mam gam ma co L em ” amen cm am azi ng fu rrow w iser-mv
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primary and1slgarannount importance .
enti tled to custody of hisforfei t the ri ght by mi sconduct or
If agreement, surrenders
to another, such surrender i s not
but , if a contenti on ari ses in
to such relin ui shnent much wi ll3 and habi ts s the con endingthe reclamati on i s sought wi thin
lapse of ye ars and the ci rcum
stanses of the parti cular ease . All oth r consi derati ons,tea ts the interest and welfare sf
"We do net s s wi th som e]. for appellant thatwi shes of the on account of her tender years andim am jssgment should not be consi dered by the court;
a bri ght, inteili gent l slaves years of age
the per moss welfare s most dse ly i nvolved {nousthe
is
m and it i t bnt t wat r wi shes and feslingabe consulted , a]. as a matter of csurss, not
necessarily allmmd to prevaii.
provi ded for and hers that the m ister
should not be (11 gsshe ha s been
frem her father ars oldna t i
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fgr m ny yem , a tbs he s almos a stranger
'sa
if He volnntsri ly gave the custody of hi s daughtereven if thi swasmore from necessi ty thanfacts remain that he has been separated from
and that through hi s procurement, new ti
interests have ari sen, and hi s parental ighsgo
giikgot now outwe i gh all the other we i ghty consi ders
a
We think that the law as enunci ated in the m case
undu tesk to raiso tho ehild at thsi r m oxpense nnti l m
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a ffecti on for her, then thi s chi ld should certainly not
be subj ected to Mrs. Burtt's custody.
Dorothy was an i ntelli gent chi ld who had had the
Opportuni ty of evaluati ng both homes and under the law and
the facts and c i rcumstances in evi denc e her understand ing
and consi dered preference to remai n wi th the Conklins was
enti tled to consi derable wei ght . Tha t the tri al Judge
fi rm ed the att i tude and Wi shes of Dorothy i s evi denc ed by
the following excerpt from hi s opini on:“After all, no
matter what she Wan ts, M arks Hurtt and hi s m re have custody
of the chi ld, if they have done all they could , and I beli eve
they have given her and the other chi ldren the best they
could, W ar the c ircumstances. " There i s no questi on in
thi s ce ee as to whether the Burtts di d all they could for the
other chi ldren . M y di d not do anything at all for Dorothy
sinc e she was six years old, when by their own procurement
they had the Conkline take her into thei r home to rai se ,
he we Vi ew the decree of the tri al court , i t regarded
nothing but the stri ct legal ri ght of the parents and di s
carded as immaterial the c i rcumstanc es under whi ch Borotby
was mm into the home of the Conkli ns and kept and cared
for by them since she was si x years old . The tri al judge
fai led to give preper consi derati on to the fa ct tha t all that
here thy knew of heme and fami ly ti es grew up wi th the parental
care bestowed upon her by the conkli ns and he also fai led to
give Draper consi derati on to the atti tude and wi shes of
choi ce between the respe cti ve homes.
Thi s case i s peculi ar and unusual in that Mrs. Bu tt
be best m m i f she i s gi ven her custody. Altheugh Dorothy
19£fi$mffl 13 fi £3 0 klfipr eL -9 . blxen¢ so gye cuesoqk 0g psi operq‘
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na tural ri ght of the parent; an other words, although
the parent i smorally and pecuni arlly fi t, i f it appears
reasenably certain, consi dering all fine circumstances,
she was prim ipelly respenei ble for the unpleasant, enhappy
ta Herks Hurtt i t. i s suffi ei ent te say that hi s own letters
reeegni z ed the ri ght sf the Genu ine to the custody er
Dorothy unti l she cm leted her educatien and sale letters
he best served by remai aing in the Canklin heme .
we are M elled be held that the tri al ceurt erreé in
mended be the oustedy of Flerenee B . Conkli n and Nelli e M .
Conkli n and th at: th e cemplai nt of plai nti ffs, Marks Hurtt
CAUSE REW HDED Ii'ITH DIRECTIONS .
psa e In rpern boeae aeron‘
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I: re pre mi se 17:19 t TU w e bon n et! w e : w e w a iv es
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turn i t over t o the Admi ni strator of M ary K. Ha ddad , dec eased .
It i s also alleged tha t they have collec t ed , at vari ou s t imes
from. th e tenants of th e roomi ng house , l arge sums of money
to-Wi t , Wh i ch they have i n th ei r p ossessi on , a nd
control , or have embe z z led the same ; th at the same money belongs
to the Estate of M ary K. Ha ddad , dec eased .
A c i tat i on was i ssu ed and the respondents, George M arble
and M ary M arble fi led an answer to the pe t i t i on i n. whi ch they
admi t ted they had i n th ei r possessi on , the household goods des
cr ibed i n the pet i t i on , and admi tted th ey had re fused to deli ver
the same to the pe ti t i on er , bu t d en i ed that the dec eased was the
owner of the property a t the time of her death . They also den i ed
having i n the i r possessi on any money tha t belonged to M ary K.
t dad a t the time of her death .
Upon a hear ing i n the Probate Cou rt , an order was entered
f indi ng the i ssu es for the respondents, and that they di d not
have any property i n the i r possessi on belong i ng t o M ary K. Haddad
at the t ime of her dea th, and at the t ime of the heari ng di d not
have any property belong ing t o her estat e . The Court di smi ssed
the p et i t i on a t the c osts of the pet i t i oner .
The peti t i oner p erfected an appeal to the C i rcu i t Court .
A tri al denovo was ha d i n that Court . The c ause was submi tted
to the Court for determi nati on , whi ch r esult ed i n a simi lar order ,
fi ndi ng tha t the peti t i one r had fa i led to prove tha t the property
described i n th e peti t i on , was an a sset of the estate of the
dec edent at the time of her death . The peti ti on . was di smi ssed .
rug po cps gee prnonfi or mt“
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tha t he r e c e i ved , over to M rs. Hadda d . Th e payme nts were
mmi led. to James Haddad i n Chi c ago, and. he i n retu rn , ( so he
c la i ms, ) sent the money back to Rockford to M rs. Haddad . The
evi denc e further shows tha t h e c onti nu ed to c ollec t from. the
M arbles after M rs, Haddad d i ed, and so cont i nu ed for several
years after th e admi ni strator had b een appoi nted i n M ary
Haddad's estat e .
On September 2 6 , 193 9 , James Haddad ent ered i nto a
wr i tten agreement whereby he confi rmed a v erbal di scu ssi on i n
reference to the sale of thi s property to th e M arbles, th e sale
pri ce be i ng By the t erms of the sale , a fter payi ng
all b i lls su ch as ren t , li ght , he at and water , all of th e re
ma i ni ng i ncome from. the property was to be p a i d to James Haddad .
In. no event th e payments should. b e less than per month .
The M arbles pa i d vari ou s amounts unt i l Nov . 15 , 1941 , Wh en. M r .
George M arble wrote to M r . Ha ddad i n Chi c ago, i nformi ng hi m.
th at th e purch ase pri c e on the c ontract h ad be en. r edu c ed unt i l
there was only plus, du e on the c on trac t ; tha t he Wi sh ed
to make thi s fi nal payment i n person , and get the bi ll of sale
tha t was promi sed hi m. for the g oods.
On Nov . 18 , 19 41 , M r . Ha ddad wrot e th e M arbles a ck
nowledgi ng the rec ei pt of the letter of th e 1sth , bu t a dvi sed
the M arbles th at hi s attorney i nsi sted tha t th ere never was a
sale , a nd tha t the letter i n . the M arble's possessi on i s not a
bi ll of sa le , and tha t h e would b e i n Roc kford wi th i n a sh ort
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nL rppeU sensel ess apesspl :e v a enpsj wr ac fi ssror yr
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Th e Judge of th e Probate Court , and the Judg e of the
C ir cui t Cour t saw an d he ard th e Wi tnesses t est i fy i n thi s c ase ,
an d they were i n a much bett er posi t i on to t est the c redi bi li ty
of these Wi tnesses tha n a Cour t of revi ew. The law h as c ommi tt ed
to the tri a l ju dg e , Wh ere a c ause i s tri ed by the court wi thou t
a jury, th e determi nat i on of the c redi bi li ty of the wi tnesses
and of the wei ght to b e a c corde d to the i r testimony, and where
the evi den ce i s merely c onfli ct ing the Appellate Court wi ll not
subst i tute i ts judgment for tha t of the tri al court .
From a revi ew of th e evi denc e i n t h i s c ase , it i s our
c onc lusi on that the p et i ti oner fa i l ed to prove by th e greater
we i ght of the evi denc e , that th e estat e was en ti tled to the
property i n qu esti on. Th e order d i smi ssi ng the pet i t i on of
appellant is affi rmed .
Affirmed .
such does not c onst i tut e a c t i onable negl i genc e . Appe llant further
e nds that th e v erdi ct i s mani festly aga i nst th e we i ght of the ev i denc e .
Pla i nt i ff R i chcreek t est i fi ed th at th e br i ck si dewa lk upon whi ch
alked to th e plac e where h e fell was smooth , and about the same as con
t e; that,when h e c ame t o the pla c e of th e hole whi ch wa s a bout 5 i nches
p and i z ftot lé i nches wi de,
all at onc e h i s foot stepped , sli ppe d or
t i nt o a hole or caught on an obstruc t i on th ere; and that he fe ll for
rd ,breaki ng hi s leg; that h e lay th ere unable to ar i se for about fi ve
nut es.
He wa s pi cked up by thre e men h e c a lled , and was c arr i ed on th
ck 0 5 one of them a cross the street .He st a t e d there was a sli ght sk i ft
snow on the ground; that he had no knowledge of th e d e pressi on or hole ; and
at he saw the plac e later when th ere was no snow .
A wi tness who had pa ssed over thi s walk for many years li kewi se
scr i bed the c ondi t i on . He sa i d that a cross thi s wa lk were two deep
a cks where th e br i cks were pressed down i nt o rut s bec ause of vehi c le s
i ng been dr i v en ov er th e wa lk . He sa i d tha t on the west si de or
treat si de of th e wa lk ,the depressi ons were f i ve t o si x i nche s deep and
welve to fourt een i nches wi de ,tap eri ng to th e e ast si de of th e wa lk ,
hat the begi nni ng or de ep part of the north rut was ab out a foot from a
tree,wh i ch was the loc at i on of the pla i nt i ff
's fall .
‘h i s wi tness
t est i fi ed that he saw the pla c e shortly a ft er the a c c i dent ; tha t th i s walk
had be en c leared of snow; th a t th ere probably wa s a li t t le i c e and snow
th ere bu t he di d not know how much . another wi tness who li ved c lose by sa i d
that th e depressi ons had been made bec ause of loaded c oa l tru cks from the
str e et c rossi ng the walk to th e se at , a nd that there were ruts wh i ch
led t o the tre e .
For the defe ndant,
a poli ce off i c er t est i f i ed that the pla c e was
smooth ,that the defect was c ov ered Wi th i c e and snow . A number of off i c ers
of the c i ty t e st i fi ed . One t e st i f i ed th a t he di dn't not i c e or obse rve any
holes or ruts i n the si dewa lk exc ept that h e not i c ed a l i t t le hump over
the roots of a tree . Another poli c e off i c er sa i d he d i dn't not i c e l aey
any depressi on or any rut s i n the si dewalk . St i ll another wi tness t e st i
f i ed that the f ollowi ng day the r e were ashes th ere, and tn~ t the heles we re
cps; cps { cryonxna gel spaL e n eLe a spen gpsL e'
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pa i n ,and at th e t ime of the tr i a l , three an d a h alf ye ars lat er
,
leg wa s st i ll c ausi ng h i m trouble . The hospi ta l and doc tor b i lls
Instru ct i on No . 2 g i ven on behalf of the pla i nt i ff , adv i sed the
tha t the law r e qu i red the c i ty t o use rea sonable c are to keep the
li e si d ewa lk at the pla te i n qu est i n i n a r easonably sa fe cond i t i on
the sa fety of persons passi ng ove th e same . The appellant c la i ms that
abstract i nstruct i on i s mi sleadi ng , and that the g i v i ng of i t i s r é
si ble error . Defendant i n i t s i nstru ct i on s No . 15 and No . 14 t endered
gi ven adv i sed th e Jury of th e same duty. Instnuct i on No . 2 Wa s not a
actory i nstru ct i on . The Jury wa s v ery fu lly i nstru c t ed i n th i s c ase .
truct i ons ar e to be res s a seri es.Where a defendant i n i ts t endered
truct i on asks the Jury to b e i nstru c t ed i n a li k e manner as i n an i n
not i on gi ven for pla i nt i ff , su ch defendant c annot c ompla i n of pla i nt i ff's
truct i ons. ggggg vs gi anderfer , 296 Illfipp . l49 , M c Inturff vs The
248 Ill . 9 2 , 9 9 .
Appellant cont ends that th e tri a l c ourt err ed . i n not grant i ng a
tri a l becau se i t was d i scovered aft er the v e rdi c t that one of th e Jurors
d been c onvi ct ed of grand larc eny and had not been r e stored to h i s lega l
ghts.
Th i s fa c t wa s not known t o defendant's attorney unt i l two days
t er the verdi ct wa s returned .Th e rec ord does not show any qu e st i ons
re propounded to th i s or any Juror on the voi r di re There i s no c ont ent i on
at th i s Juror was asked c onc ern i ng such and m fa lse answers to i nt er
gat i ves. Appellant c ont ends tha t under Sect i on 7 ,Di v i si on II of the
i mi nal Code of Illi noi s, su ch conv i c t ed p erson was th ereby rendered i ncap
le of servi ng a s a Juror . Appellant c i t es and quot es numerous c a ses of
cre i gh Jur i sdi ct i on some of wh i ch so hold and some of whi ch hold c ontrary
0 the rul i ng of th e courts of appe al of Ill i noi s.
Appellant contends that by v i rtu e of the Common Law th i s
uror wa s subJe c t to challenge by prop t er de l i ctum on a c count of cr i mi nal i ty,
d that wheth er att empt Was made on the ggig di re to le arn of su ch c onv i c
cm i s not mat er i al ,but th at su ch fa c t aft erwards di sc overed demands
versal
lee c i t es many c ases from f ore i gn Jur i sd i ct i ons holdi ng to
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i s a ttorney knew of the i nd i c tment unt i l the Jury ha d r eturne l a v er
of murder .That court sa i d ,
“Th e rule 1 8 str i ngent tha t a defe ndant,
ha s not i nt errogated as t o qu a li f i c at i on of Jurors,c annot t ake ad
age of knowledge learned a ft er verdi c t .
“
In Egg; vs. Lehlba ck,40 L . Ed . 4 3 2 , 160 U . 8 . 29 3
,the fa c t
a Juror was an a l i en wa s not l earn e d unt i l a ft er th e v erdi c t .Th i s
due to the ne gli genc e of th e defendant's attorney i n not so le arn i ng .
wa s there c la i med ,a s c la i med h e re ,
that the Common Law r i gh t of tr i al
Jury had be en v i olated i nvolv i ng i nfra c ti on of the Conslt i tut i on . The
rt held to the contrary and refu sed t o rev e rse the Ju dgme nt . In th e
1 c ase,the c ourt ap proved th e c ase of Egggg vs
i he scop i e ,4o 111 .
2,
supra ,
and poi nt ed out th at i t had ov erruled earli er Illi noi s dec i si ons.
e abov e requ i rement s ar e r e c i ted i n many ca se s wh i ch ar e quoted and c i ted
gtatg vs Pi ckett ,by th e Supr eme Court of Iowa ,
7 5 N .W
. 5 46 , 5 4 7 .
Si nc e appellant ha s not shown by the record that i t mode a ny
t empt upon exami nat i on of t ender ed Jurors for exami na t i on ,to learn
he qua l i f i c at i on of thi s juror , i t c a nnot now c ompla i n be cause of such
at er a cqu i red knowledge .To hold oth erwi se wou ld be an i ndu c ement to
i t i gants to refra i n from det ermi n i ng qu a li f i cat i ons of Jurors unt i l a
party mi ght fi rst fi nd how a Jury had dec i ded the i ssu es.
Fi ndi ng no error i n th i s record ,th e Judgment of the Ci rcu i t
Court shou ld and a c cordi ngly i s hereby a ffi rmed .
JUDGM ENT AFFIRM ED .
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appellees fi led th ei r separate moti ons to di smi ss th e complai nt
on the ground that th e a llegat i ons fa i l to state facts suff i c i ent
to enti tle the pla inti ffs to rel i ef ,but are vague , unc ertai n ,
i ndef i ni te , and contai n “Ac onclusi ons.
On M ay 6 , 1944 , the tri al c ourt e nt ered. the followi ng
order
“The moti ons of the d efendants to di smi ss thi s c ause
are called up for heari ng i n pursuanc e of the previ ous order of
th i s court but no one appears for th e pla i nti ffs, and the court si ts
and hears sai d mot i ons and bei ng new fully sati sfi ed i n the
premises i t is ordered. hy the court that sa i d moti ons be and are
now a llowed , and tha t thi s cause be and i s now di smissed at plai nt iffs! costs.
"
No not i c e of appeal from. the or der was f i led wi t hi n
the statutory ni nety days, and i n apt ti me ,a peti t i on fo r'le ave
to appea l was fi led i n the Supreme Court , but no freehold bei ng
i nvolved , the cause was transferred to th i s c ourt . ( M cGovern v .
M cGovern , 3 90 Ill . The pet it i on was grant ed by thi s court ,
and not i c e of appea l was fi le d on June 25 , 194 5 .
It i s i nsi sted by appelle es that the order Of M ay 6,
1944 is n ot a fi nal appealable order . It is well settled that an
order wh i ch merely di smi sses a complai nt ,or di smi sses a complai nt
at the plai nti ff's costs, is not a fi nal appealsble O rder , and
that to be fi nal , an order should a dJudge tha t the plai nti ff take
nothi ng by th e uri t and that the defendant go henc e wi thout day,
or words Of equi valent meani ng . ( Chi cago Portra i t CO . v . Chi cago
Crayon CO . , 217 111 . 200 ; Boa rd of Educat i on, v u
‘
B Oa rd of Educ at i on ,
3 01 Ill . App . 228 , 229 Prange v . C ity Of Mari on , 29 7 Ill . App .
A general defi ni ti on of a fi nal and appealable
Judgment or decree i s found i n M cDonald v .
‘
Walsh , 3 67 Ill . 5 29 ,
5 3 3 ,where the court sai d : "A Judgment or decree is f i nal and re
vi ewable when i t t ermi na tes the li ti gati on on the meri ts of the
ease and determi nes the r ights Of the p arti es. ( C i ting c ases. )
An order has the essenti alv f fi nali ty when , if affi rmed , the
an order i t i s mani festly equ i val ent th ereto . There was nothi ng
further to be done , and i f the order be affi rmed , the c ourt would
have only to proc eed wi th . i t s execut i on i n enforc i ng the payment
of the c osts. The or der i s a fi nal and. app ealable order .
The remai ni ng questi ons a re whe ther the alldgati ons of
the compla i nt suff i c i ent ly cha rge mental i nc apac i ty of the testator ,
and undue i nfluenc e . The al legat i ons as to me ntal i ncapac i ty are
as follows:
”That the sai d.James w. M cGovern, at the t ime of the
b
gugl
gnL
ifigc ontrary was i n hisdotage ,
was suff ering fram uremia and otherdiseases, and his mi nd and memory were so impa i red as to render himwhhdly i ncapable of mak i ng any Just and. pr oper di stri but i on of hi s
estate .“
The law assumes tha t all adults are of sound mi nd unt i l
the contrary i s proven . ( Grosh v . Acom, 3 25 111 . 47 4 ,M ere
eccentri c i ty does not consti tute unsoundness of mi nd . Age , si ckness
or debi li ty of the body does not a ffect c apac ity to make a wi ll i f
the t estator has suffi c i ent i nt ell i gence remai ni ng to make a wi ll .
( Hoski nson v . Lovelette , 3 65 Ill . 21 , The fact that certa i n
relatives are exc luded without any reason the refdr , or because of
preJudi ce , do es not i ndi cate want of mental capae ity, if such does
not amount to an i nsane delusi on . ( Q uathamer v . Sehoon , 3 7 0 Ill .
606 , But the law requi r es a t estator to know wha t he is doi ng ,
what prope rty he has, who ar e the natural obJe cts of hi s bounty,
what di spesi ti on he wants to make of hi s property, and t o be c apable
of understand i ng the nature and eff ect of executi ng hi s wi ll .
( Hoski nson v . Lovelette , 3 65 Ill . 21 ; Anli cker v . Brethorst , 3 29 Ill .
11 ,
In th e Anli cker c ase the tri al court refused an i nstruc ti on
offered by the cont estants on the que st i on of mental i nc apac i ty by
reason at i nsane delusi ons . The preponents contended that the
act i on. cf the court was Just i fi e d on the ground th at the bi ll fi led
contai ned no a llegati on to th at effect . Overrul i ng t he cont ent i on ,
of death by reason of some ma li gnant di sease , the exa ct na ture
or Wh i ch. was unknown to the c ompla i nant and hi s mi nd and memory
were so i mpai red as t o render hi m wholly i ncapable of maki ng any
Just and preper di stri buti on of h is estate . The a llegat i ons were
simi lar to those i n the instant complai nt exc ep t that i n the
Di etsel c ase i t was alleged that the t estator was at the p oi nt
of death by reason of some ma li gnant di sease , the exa ct na ture
of whi ch was unknown to the p leader ,and the re was no allegati on
that the testator was i n hi s dotage . The court i n it s Op in i on
quoted the f i rst part of the heldi ng i n the Ameri can Bi ble Soci ety
case , supra , but omi t ted the last sentenc e and held that th ere was
no suff i ci ent allegati on i n the b i ll tha t the purport ed wi ll was
the produc t of an unsound mi nd and memory. We are unable to agree
wi th tha t holdi ng . The a llegati on as to ment al i ncapac i ty, i n the
instant case , sp ec if i cally cha rges that James W. M cGovern ,“at the
ti me of the signing of sa i d instrument was not of sound mi nd
and memory, but on the contrary hi s mi nd and memory were so
impai red as to render hi m Wholly i ncapable of making any J ust and
proper di stri but i on of his estate ." Thi s relates spe c i f i c ally to
distri buti on of hi s estate by the purport ed wi ll , and in our Op i ni on
is a. cha rge of mental i ncapaci ty to make a wi ll .
Begi nni ng i n 1874 ,wi th. Puterbaugh
's Pl eadi ng and Pract i ce ,
Chancery , substant ial ly the same form of a llegati on of ment al i n
capac i ty has appeared i n that and si mi lar works by Branson , wermuth ,
and Edmunds, and have been consi dered by the'
bar as authori tati ve ,
and generally used .
In the work on Pleadi ng a nd Prac ti c e under the Ill i noi s
Ci t i l Practi c e Ac t , by Palmer D . Edmunds, former Commi ssi oner of our
Supreme Court , Vol . 5 , ( 1940 Cum . Pocket Supp . page the Ame ri can
Bi ble Soc i ety case , supra , and the Andli c ker case ,supra , are quot ed ,
and i n di scussing the Di et z el c ase , i t is said ; ”The Di et z el case
appears to be an unwarrant ed. departure from th e ruli ng lai d down
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spas cps sesysroi fl d fl fr vi e qoge fie gpe c on es I H zse c o rugon
0L a pron mes arsscnn £ 3 cps syc . q e n‘
s eq goo se see no sj j essp:cx
o; gesap pl season 0 ; C u mu usj yamenn qre esee‘ape exe cs sense s
Drap es; c ase j g h as rj j eae q ffir f cps neese pon ass an ape b orne
sgmfjsn yo apnea yn ge e IUB fi c Ufi c cmhj arme exeehn In ppe
leer seq bncben gre etyaneyou 01 pt
s esz eee‘
gee a j j ogesyvua meme
oz qesrp pl L esson on some me yyt xsus qta exr e
‘i ge exe c; ve gans
If tha t be true , she would be hi s next of k i n , to the exclusi on
of the plai nti ffs, but th e allegat i ons of the complai nt , admi tt ed to
be true by the moti on to stri ke , exc lude h er as hi s n ext of ki n .
In Pollock v . hollock , 5 28 111 . 17 9 , 186 , rel i ed upon by
appellees, the ru le as to th at c onsti tutes undue i nfluence i s sta ted
as follows: "Undue i nflu enc e whi ch wi ll i nva li da te a wi ll must be of
such a character as to depr iv e the t estator of fre e a gency . It must
be such as to destroy the freedom of the t estator's purpose and
render the i nstrument more th e wi ll of an other th an hi s own . Such
i nfluenc e must be di rectly conne cted wi th the executi on of the
i nstrument and Operate a t the ti me it i s made , produc i ng a perversi on
the t estator's mi nd , and i t must be a sp eci esof fraud . Advi c e or
persuasi on wi ll not vi ti at e a wi ll freely and understand i ngly made .
‘Phe i nfluenc e resulti ng f rom love and affect i on , wh ich doe s not seek
to control the wi ll of tin t estator , is not undue i nfluence ."
In Ryan v . Deneen , 3 7 5 I11 . 45 2 , al so re l i ed upon by
appellees, the wi ll of Ka theri ne Ryan left her pr operty to he r
brother, Matthew D . Ryan, wi th a provi si on that i f he predec eased
her, one ha lf was to go to M ary D . Deneen , a ni e ce ,absolut ely, and
the other half i n trust for the bene fi t of her brother , M atthew R .
Gregory, wi th a provi si on for remai nder over to M ary D . Denee n , i n
case he di e d be fore the testatri x . Both M atthew D . Ryan and M atthew
R . Gregory predeceased the t estatri x and M ary D . Deneen t ook the
whole estat e under th e wi ll . The allegat i on as to undue i nfluenc e
on the part of M ary D . Deneen were si mi lar to those of pa ragraph 8
of the compla i nt i n th e c ase at bar , exc ept that the word “arts”
was used i n pla ce of the wor d “acts." As to undue i nfluenc e on the
part of Matthew D . Ryan , i t was alleged that he threatened the
decedent by tell i ng h er tha t unless she made a wi l l le avi ng every.
thi ng to him, wi th rema inder ov er a s above menti oned, he would leave
nothi ng to her ; tha t she was of meal: and humble cha ra cter ami c on
trolled by M atthew D . Ryan , wh o was overbeari ng and di ctatori al ;
tha t she ac ted only at th e d i r ecti on of M atthew D . Ryan , and that
when the purpor ted wi ll was exeeut ed sh e was under t he c ontrol of
span ape bsLboLees ,nIII are assesseq ap e use onset ens ochrtof'o;
w e: we eases c an so w e ti n-can on cs se em s I) sew‘m w a s
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apparent . In. tha t case th ere was no allegati on as to an enfeebled
condit i on of the testatri x‘s mi nd , whi le i n the case at bar i t is
alleged tha t James W. M cGovern was i n his dotage ,su ff eri ng from uremi a
and other di seases, and hi s mi nd and memory were so i mpai red as to
render hi m wholly i ncapable of mak i ng any J ust and proper di s
tri but i on of hi s estate; tha t Joseph W. M cGovern , the executor , i s
the husband of Margaret M ari s M cGovern , the pri nc i pal ben efi ci ary;
that the wi l l was drawn and i ts execut i on attended to by the father
of the other legate e ; tha t M argaret M ari e M cGovern managed th e
property of the decedent and tha t a f i duc i ary rela ti on exi sted be
tween them .
Ths di fferenc e between the Heavner case and th e c ase at
bar i s a lso obvi ous. In the Op i ni on i n th at c ase i t is sai d that
no act or word of Frank Heat h er was a lleged t endi ng to sho w that he
took any pa rt i n procur i ng t he exesuti on of the wi l l , or that his
domi nant persona li ty had anythi ng to do wi th l i t . The Opposi te is
true here . In Sul z berger v . Sul z berger , 3 72 Ill . 240 , 24 5 , the court
sai d i n the opi ni on:"The rule stated in England v . Fawbush , 204 Ill .
3 84 , 3 9 2 , and si nc e qu ot ed and followed i n numerous cases, i s;
“Where a wi ll i s writ ten ,or procured to be wri tten , by a person
largely benef i ted by i t , such c i rcumstanc es exc i t es stri c t er
scruti ny and requ i re s stri c t er proof of vol i t i on and c apac i ty. The
proof , requi red i n such cases, must be such as to fully satley the
court or Jury tha t the testator was not imposed upon , but knew what
he was do ing ,and. what di Sposi ti on he was maki ng of h is property
when he made hi s wi ll . The a cti ve agency of the bene fi c i ary
of a wi ll i n. pwo cur i ng i t to be drawn , e spec i a lly i n th e a bsenc e of
those who have at le ast
/
equal cl ai ms upon the Just i ce of the testator ,
and where the t estator i s enf eebled by o ld age and di sease , i s a
c i rcumstanc e'whi ch indi c ates the probable exerc i se of undue i n
fluence . Where the mi nd i s weari ed and debi li tat ed by l ong-c on
ti nned and seri ous and pai nful si ckness, i t i s susc epti ble to
cps CIA TI gi ac gyc , vs: ht onyz s sp ar yr agar; p a frus. ;T
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to the end . that controversi es may be speedi ly and f i nally
determined ac cordi ng to the substant i ve ri ghts of the pa rti es.
The mot i ons to stri ke were di rected to the ent i re
compla int and whi le the a llegat i ons of the ei ghth paragraph
thereof are almost ent i rely conclusi ons of the pleader , we
beli eve the remai ni ng allegati ons are suff i c i ent to requi re
the defendants to answer the charges th erei h. made . The
Judgment order of the c i rcu i t court i s therefore reversed
and thi s cause is r emanded with di recti ons to overrule the
mot i ons to di smi ss.
Reversed and remande d. wi th di recti ons .
bxooeec In seam enes w as w e a reas suscnue eo 71: one 0131e
w en ch?! to sh am e WtW W-fi 1603 7 01: no sei zure W C} an
or. w e u m some poms Benn ett we we cease L em m as film!
on fishes] ass bm ssm oq so m e corms: neon a t e m cm QW Q UQ
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cresceq so scen e show u s c cesbj'syuc es m em es
”on obbncbwe gc
to arm s» the cw bm m fl W WW w e w e bfi rwru W‘s-Ind
last. 0 143e acne 350‘fewer m e ew e? com som eones a wo men
som e: u se steam ers arms-m g}: sensor w at ers: toe the som e )"
orm q to no one It ton mm w ox. bnbn e w e sn ow ed n o
SW UN IX ma caw: mm to Locos-s: 9 bec om e ox. teese'ce
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or this court . ( Board of Educati on v . Board of Educat i on, 2521
Upon the cause being redocketed in the Circvdt Court of
court overruled the noti on of defendant to strike and an answer
amended Was fi led whi ch set f orth par . 104 of chap . 122 as
amended by an act a.13d July 1945 111 . Rev . st . 1945 .
of the p lainti ff and agaim t the defendant for and the
In our former opini on are stated that the sum sued for rep
this appeal must necessari ly be the same as i t was on the former
appeal . The rule of law is, that when li ti gati on is prosecut ed
whether the Judgment was reversed and the cause remanded or the
Judgment affi rmed . C ity of Chicago v . Collin , 3 16 Ill . 104 .
th i s court on the former appeal as a gui de to a correct con
clusi on in the further pro ceedi ngs i n the case and no attent i on
wi ll be given to arguments that th e court erred i n so doi ng .
Counsel for app ellant , however , states i n hi s bri ef that
Appellee ,
sum m on count,coon comet .
THE OPINION OF THE COURT,
-da tri al by the court there was a fi ndi ng for pla i nt i ff
on hi s complaint and agai nst defendant on hi s cross-compla i nt,
wi th Judgment for plai nt i ff i n the sum of Defendants
Pi ai nti ff i s an Illi noi s corporati on, l i c ensed to wri t e
hexardoucs Eecceber 51 , lead, plai nt i ff deli vered to defendants
copy of the poli cy i s attaehed to the compla int . It provi des
for a premi um of ton sfor each memos of defendants‘payroll .
.A ri der endorsed on the poli cy i s as follows:
“It i s hereb understood and
endorsement i s at tached wi ll be made at the
on the basi s of a 595loss rat i o to be
no
followi ng rates:
no pa
«It 7 8 fivqeaapo
{on c b&smrnn a; ggfigg xa; easy firao
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13 bacaxqaa
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‘
5 13 3n3 11; ( a an IIITfl GIW ®anbe z vggau’freewaeq as a byss
en yrs eombyarag an? vfifl rvag qaaeq ue ex rye a z awa-a®mhysrng*
vfibsz jwz ge°
Veryxtruly you rs,
Imperi al Insuranc e Agency, Inc .
By: H . We Dori . "
The amoeri al Insuranc e Agency was, as a matter of fac t ,
Rei ch Brneslan. He testi fi ed and descri bed hi mself as a broker
and soli c i ti ng agents he had be en doi ng busi ness wi th pla i nt i ff
for some years. Hr, Korman, vi ce-presi dent of plai nt i ff,
testi fi ed,“They secured orders for poli c i es that we saw fi t
moneys for premi ums but di d nothi ng else for us unti l such t ime
that he would submi t a prospe ct i ve insured when we would ei ther
wri te the poli cy or re ject i ts He was known more or
less as a rovi ng broker . "
The evi dence di scloses Bruselan was pa i d a commi ssi on
of 1? on thi s poli cy, as di re cted the pla i nt i ff to send a
part of hi s commi ssion to Engelhardt-Krcgmsn e Gompany. It
ti ed,“I was a soli c i ti ng agent for'the Hi ghway mutual and
Stones" Stone was the presi dent of the plai nt i ff company, and
t ime thi s'
letter was wri tten. Bra eslan has an offi ce , and a man
named Borf was in i t, firesslan says of hi m,“He was never
W. Jackson Elven He wee i n the offi ce at 5 5 6 at Wells Stre et
hot that was not my offi ce, Hy name was on the door but I
di d not ran the offi c es as di d work for me but I di d not pay
hi n. for such. workc The i s an i nsurance broker on hi s own and
W 9 9 9
m sq yon; man In In”
gagnargy ngin eg pymfi
“as fine veg an
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M IM I) .
concur,
by let ter wri tten wi thout an
Judgment wi ll be
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HEBHWE E'EZUEREJQ LEXE
June 25, 1945; the complaints in the Superi or Court at
P . M " the sui t i n the Ci rcui t Court at P . H . In other
words, the forec losure sui ts were fi led one hour and fi fte en
minutes earli er than the i nguncti on sui t . The Ci rcui t Court
sui t was di smi ssed on moti on of the insurance company
September 18, 1945. Appli cati ons of the insurance company
for recei vers were allowed in each Superi or Court case the
plai nti ff in each and all the forec losure sui ts. Silverstein
and Jackson Realty and Homagement Corporati on were defendants,
The bri efs argue much about whi ch court fi rst obtai ned
juri sdi cti on. Ill. Rev . Stat" chap. 110, sec . 5, seems to
be clear to the effect that the filing of a complai nt i s the
tion . Silverotein does not deny the fi li ng would give the
court juri sdi cti on of the subject matter but on the authori ty
4443, argues i t was irrecoosomr to acqui re exclusi ve Juri sdiction
i t is not the rule in Illinoi s. See Sec ti on 5'of the Illinoi s
a ” 104 ?1, 753 Viacom; vd m 304 111 . 160 , 163 .
328 Ill . 472 , i s c i ted to the contrary
M om m li censed in 111111018 . Cost bonds were not filed
fer payment of the antes gi ven. for tbs fourteen, parcels unti l
1956, the date on. whi sh. ths mortgages and notes gi ven for the
seven addi ti enal tra c ts weald mature . The i nsurance company
by motisn to dismiss raised the questi on i n the sui t 1n . the
C i rcui t Osart , and also i n the Superisr Csurt, urged thi s de
fense to the sui tsmnt thsre eauld not be interposed succe
fully far the reasmn tha t i t was an stbmmpt to vary by or
cuntsmporaneous evi denc e tbs terms sf a wri tten. contrsct . The
somplai nt i n. the Ci rcui t Chart averred tha t the fi rst sxten~
si su agreement , extendi ng the time for paymsnt of the notes,
was exessted pursuant ta thi s pri or and contemporaneous oral
agreement .
Defendants make the poi nt that be cause us repli cati ans
were fi led by plainti ff i n. the Superi or Court sui ts no thi s
defense, ths affi rmati ve defense must stand admi fitsd on the
recerd .We hsld be the centrsry undsr tbs c irc umstances here
appeari ng a On the hearing in the Superi sr Gears, plai nti ff
offered to fi le repli cati ens. The court i nfl i aated he di d mst
thi nk. i t nec essary; Defendant ai d not object . Thi s amounte i
552, 5553 AléshLzsm fiaghsL; 38 ill. App . 313 , 3183 3 Corpus Juris
Lhasmnihr Qgg .
vg _ fl hohfig, 3D9 111 . App . 406;
Efiflhfl fibm é glg n gfl as 294 111 APP. 585
Ths rule that prior er contemporanesus oral agreemsnts
may'
np t be i nterposed to vary the terms of a wri t ten contract
i s held by same anthers to be has a rule sf eV1 denc e but of
substanti ve law; Wi gmsrs, Evi dehse , 3rd Ed . ,Vol. 9 , see . 2400;
1. Restatsment or the Law of Consra c ts, chap . 9, sec . 237 . A
leading case an this subje ct 16"
M W 247 N . Y. 3277 ,
160 H . E . 646. The law annsunsed by our Suprema Gearsis li ka
snpsgwnprns fsh
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Is psrq pl some « assess yo pe nor LU I S oz snr vsncs pfl g oz
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ppqux I; Ksosasssl' Degsngsug qqa rep onjsc g‘
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“E C G S gens
qsgeneo‘yfis sggqnms pQ As gegouse use ; arssq sqwrgcsq on rye
mess Lz rsq pk bysrfl syz g In 90 6 asbest os ‘0 7 3 ? 3 713 3 ro cure
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° s us s j z csgrcsa
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c cngsmhorsuGO fi s eaxqsnge gpa fiG LWQ s; s shz crsn'
comgz wc p'ass
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Lease go spa znxggsss c an} ? ssh pa TU fiGBhO PG Q afi c c e a§5 1
cyLC fi Ic osfi sc‘sag srao rs fU fi Q fi hssrsr cessp
‘sshsq $91 3 qs~
pk mO $IOU'
$0 qrsmxss Lszssq spa dnaspz cm in five swi g* w fps
sensn sqn soz sy s'c pa hasrq msgfims
'ap e rmsvxswcs c sm hsnfi
raag=pps qsfis as i cp figs snagssaes sun sass? RJA GH { as tvs
£0 3 sshmsnp a; she Hb fie fl fixass Lox gps gonsgssn'bssssfs 8 3 11}
that Wha tever the purchaser may have done by way of improve
ments was exclusi vely referable to the wri tten contrac ts and
had no relati on wha tever to any alleged parol agre ement .
All thi s i s worthy of noti ce when . we consi der the
propri ety of the orders appoi nti ng rec ei vers. We hold,
after consi dering the evi dence , the Superior Court di d net
err i n the exerci se of i ts di screti on. i n thi s respec t . There
was no personal li abi li ty on the ne tes. The sole securi ty
was clearly scant and .meager . The evi dence to tha t effec t
was not contradi cted . The debt was past due . The premi ses
were in. need of repairs. The mortgages in the trust deeds
had agreed to the appoi ntment of rec ei vers in. oase foreclosure
bi lls were fi led .
‘
We are qui te aware that the last nahed feet
263 111 . App . 316; Klassz , Yagi tsh , 302 111 . App . 229 , and
316 Ill. App . 139 . we do not thi nk the
opi ni ons i n these cases inconsistent wi t h. the vi ews here i n
expressed . he held the tri al court di d not ab use i ts di s
creti cn. in these Superi or Court c ases. Begleg z , ;1lliggig~
199 Ill. 76.
In . sppeal no . 43617 appellants made a moti on to stri ke
pages 65 to 662 i nclusi ve from the record and to stri ke
comparable pages from the record i n Nos. 43618 to 4 3630 . The
moti on. was reserved to the he ari ng . It i s allowed .
In. appeal No . 43631 the orders/ di smi ssi ng the sui t of
plai nti ff i n the Ci rcui t Court are affi rmed . In Nos. 4361?0 43630 the orders of the Superi or Court are also affi rmed .
ORDERS AFTIREED .
2 .
of other pereone to alleged admi ssi ons by the defendant
support i ng her cla imed By sti pula t i on the report of a pri vate
detecti ve employed by pla i nti ff, showi ng me et i ngs of defendant
and the other woman i nvolved and thei r a ffect i onate condu ct ,
tcguumung‘
theugh. not adultery, was re cei ved i n evi dence .
Befendnnt contradi cted the test imony or the pla i nti ff , admi tted
gnawi ng the other woman and or bei ng wi th her on var i ous
occasi ons. di s test imony falls far short of admi ssi ons establi sh
i ng adultery. It does show conduct not to be expe ct ed from
a lovi ng husband and father of two chi ldren. The testi mony tendi ng
to show defendant's i nfatuat i on wi th . the other woman . wa e competent
as a ci rcumstance to be consi dered by the court i n we i ghi ng
the testi mony of plai nti ff and de fendant as to the reasons for
and the fac ts leading to the i r eepsrat z on i The tri al J udge ,
who heard the teat ime and saw the wi tnesses, re c ite a far
bett er posi tion than 5 cenrt i s to Judge of the credi bi li ty
of the testi mony’
pre eented, and we are not permi tted on the
hefendant i s engaged i n the advert i si ng busi ness. Plai n
ti ff clai ms and defendant deni es that pri or to the i r separat i on
he told her he was maki ng around a year . The competent
evi dence i n the record shown that not later than the i r separati on
hi s income had dropped to betwe en fi ve and six thousand dollars
a. ysar on ac count or war condi t i ons. the test imony shows that
plai nt i ff's attorney put i n i n the preparat i on or the complai nt ,
order for i njunct ion , draft i ng of noti ces, conferences wi th
counsel; and deposi t i on, 46e 1/ 2 hou rs; and i n court appearanc e
and before a epec i al commi ssi oner, 54 hours; and that he
had recei ved from. the defendant on h eccount of servi ces $200 .
There i s testimony by a lawyer , whose quali fi ca t ioné i s admi tted,
that an attorney of the experi ence of plai nt i ff‘s counsel should
for offi ce works wi thout ccndi derat i on of the i denti ty of the
3 , a
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court i s affi rmed i n all re apscts
e t a to tbs cranes of at torney's fses. The sauss
i s rsmandad wi th di vest i ens to f i x thi s allowance at
taxed aga inst the defendant .
asATTORNEX'a FEE S AS TO waxesDEE é ITH DIRECTIONS
W 13 3. en m i?An n a
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‘
2 .
was about 5 feet leng¢ 3 feet wide, and sleped to a depth
or about 6 lashes; i t was i n the heat er er the alley, whi dh
was 29 feet wide, and there were unobst ructed passageways a
apprexi mately 7 feet wide on ea ch side of the hole . Pla i nti ff
test ified tha t she had prebably he t i eed the hole a number of
t imes be fore the e eei denfi when she visited he r sen; she had
sever stumbled i n the he le before that t ime; she di d not think
she ever walked over it before; she must have gone around it .
“I didn't see i t when I fell tn it . “ “I wasn't noticing it
than. “ “I did not notice it . ” "I knew i t was there .”
the sears sa id: “In the absenee sf wi llful or wastes i njury
on. the part of the defesdant the plai nti ff sashes resever i n
an ac tion for persenal lfijuri es unless it appears he was i n the
therei se sf ardlnary ears forl hi s safety, and i n sash case
it i s the duty or she eeurt ts direc t a verdic t for the defeu
dant i t there i s he evidence tendi ng ts shew affirmat ively
tha t the plai nti ff was exerc isi ng due ears er vte raise
a reasonable i nte reeee e! seeh . eare . A. party has me right to
knewi egly expese hi sselt be danger and then resever dama ges
fer an i ndury uhleh'
he might have avoided by the use or reasonable
284 111 . 24s, 251:L mn v M W ” 210 111
69 5 3 63 7 , Plai nt i ff si tes eases sush. as 8131 at ggstggg v .
M 217 Ills 293 : M v, w . 23 1 $11 .
that the mere passing ove r a sidewalk knows to be defective i s
set egg 5; esstri buhery segli genee . Plai nti ff also cites gi tx e;
KLh a Lsf ve jggfiggggg 14§ Ill, 5 58, where it was held tha t a
pedestri an may ordinarily assume tha t a sidewalk i s in a
reeeeaahly safe condi t i on fer travel and i s not absolutely bound
Appellee,
APPEAL FROMEUNICIPAL COURT
OF CHI CAGO .
HE OPINIOH OF TWE COURT .
Plai nti ff i nsti tuted garni shment proeeedi ege on i ts
steameet usai ent the defendant , The garni she e bank answered
that i t had ea . deposi t to the credi t of the defendant
i n an ae eenat deei gnated as Van Gney, doi ng business as
¥eterane er Ferei gn‘
Wsre or E . e . Rodeo . Judgment was entered
agni uet the garni shee fer the use of plai nti ff for
whi ch. 3edgment was sati sfi ed en the day of i ts entry. No
quant i en i e rai sed en thi e appeal as to the eat i efeeti on of
that Jedgmemt‘ He di epoai t i en or the sum of
remai ni ng on depe ei t wi th. the bank was mass by order or the court .
Wi thi n 3 9ndaye tree the entry at the judgment aga inst
the garai eheeg the peti t i oner Ge ek county Counc i l of the
Veteraee er Forei gn Ware of the Uni ted States, a eorporet i on
( hereaft er called the eeunei l ) , i ntervened, ela i mi ng to be the
owner of the reads an depeei t wi th the bank, Defendant appearing
speci ally, moved te di smi ss the pe t i ti on at the Counci l on the
and that pet i ti oner“i s an outsi de credi torb i f any, and has no
seep eyerue ! new: eui eeomyeeroufl seq esece o; fl f hfi L Eafl £ ¥ 0 fl
on are confu sed» w e Im m un e m e Oem an‘Gree n's: w k w e 9 11
pt hmreae o; seq at om ey1. eeq fi I I oj e roe epeeeone t ee geznfi oee
sue one; goo bnoqe ee e sees q ge ek one geevfi fl Ihee-f fiq
one L Q Q i Q‘one eyeo gfi se j ey- eee e z z z o bep j ee znqemsygi zu eeoese e
’
b i ognooe spoofs gsnwyep a gene go se eneegee eye be e eo egeeaoo og
Im ITA IQ fT’
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G M : m. eet csrosw cm w e W W ox. N oeace 131 w e new t-H I orb
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enop fi fi fi ek Igneeee ee e e epey; po ee dnree q‘e eq e
“syj b i oe nke
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demagxoo non bne eengeq re epe gne s fi e $I$IO U b L re pe e oeue n 0 ;
eye ot ter oases go ee nmyg besrnyoe en so T ug sxnewe ’ one eye gore
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eure neq In i eae t on besygx>ee t one eseruep ope est urewe e goo
e'
peemrefi-
os spray gereoqeufi ogge ne e we enyq euee’ Zoeeooos se e
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at sea st rate gy inqfineug on ope angame eg eugei eq efisyuen ape
3 .
and all t i ckooo deli ve red to the Gouncll by the producer
chall be returned by the Counc i l i f unaold , or i t sold , the full
face cash . va1uo the reof shall be re turned by tho Counc i l pr i or
to fi nal a ccount i ng; that the gross proceeds a ft e r paying all
cocoa, charges and expenses shall be di stri but ed two-thi rds
to the producer coo one-thi rd Months counc i l; tha t ”the
m ali ce? shall M an ly, m o wi thin 10 days followi ng the
last performance and presentat i on of sa i d producti on or show,
prepare cnfi submi t to the counc i l a full and complete aud i t and
atamcment or all recei pts and di sbursements whatsoever in connec
t i on . w1th . coi d chat or producti on, and shall i mmodi ately
pay over and deli ver to tho cococi l such amount or amount s as
shall be { coca to be due to the Council by virtue of th i s
coctract as i ts port i on or/ ohs net profi ts of sa i d show or
product i on"; tha t should there be no pfofi ts, or i f the sa i d
product i on results in loss, than any and all loss or losses
thall be borne cotlrcly by the producer, who by the agreement
releases all clai ms agai nst the Gonncll by virtue of any loss
incurred under operat i on of the contra ct ,
to be coucoersi gnod by oi thor B . H . Gaplov or Ca rl E. Olson
Clone wi th defendant's si gnature . At that ti me caplow was
Judgc Afivocato or the Counc i l anfi Olsen was Commander . ou
ectobe r 7 , 1944 aofendant by let ter to tho garnishe e withdrew,
coamtormandod and canceled the foregoi ng i nstruct i on and di re cted
ac count when si gned by him i nalvi fl ually. shortly aft er the
prooontatlcn of tho rodeo, defendant presented to the Counc i l
a report showing gross re cei pts‘or total expenses
leavi ng a not kulunce of Rho Counc i l
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DIRECTIOES .
and 0 ‘60 3 110 2 " JP )
the cause remanded W1
he garnishe e i n favor
i n possessi on of
fifl TTfiffl fl l Cfivhs use 9 yxfiyn an zww aofi z passs «annex o; geyra
zpwn¢ 2 ensue are we Irfiwa rm snavs 9 ; qGLSfiq c arnxrea ae
O AS £ tn“: Q q fi ffk pagans ”fi g q $ 9 3 fifi fi fi tfie 3 9 0 7 P0 1 9 $ 3 3
z pa paye‘
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v 17 3 3 18 oAsk w 9 16 0? £6 a bm3wsxv aLevz 0 ; Gaz swqwfi g 3 rwxrsh ga
9 A 3 719P7 8 t fl t l nsrxsq ewez fiwhq 0 8 cfi fi 8 9 mg? 3 163 9 ; eLavq O Aevfl e
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ME‘i fl Q é i GE HIEKEXEE BEPIAEKEB Q ” ) u
'EIGK 2& L CO fl H&'
2.
nooi denta and a small street li ght on the other si de of Grand
awtnun about 85 or 160 feet east of Wells street; there was
no defect i n tho si dewalk adjacent to the hole; the si dewa lk
for at least 2 or 3 feet on each aloe of the ooal hole was
covered wi th small parti cles and lumps of coal and coal dust ;
plai nti ff oould not see for ahoaé of her be cause she was i n her
own shadow; the oould see the si dewalk and the bla ck colored
00 01 on i t; she felt the orunohi ng of the coal under hor v foet
tor a di lfiunon or 2 to 4 feet be fore she t ell; she was not
alumnod by the oranohi ng, and i n response to the quest i on on
and start ovor that, and you were not on your care at all,"
f,
A wi tness tho had li ved on Grand avenue for a number of
years tooti ti efl that the coal hole i nvolved here was i n front
of her houai g a few feet from the doorway; tha t the coal hole
fl avor di d not fi t; i t was aboot 2 inches too small for the hole;
that sooh. oondi t ioo had exi sted over 5 or 6 years; tha t on one
oooasi on she had stopped on the edge of the hole and noti c ed
tha$ tho oovor rai i ofi about 2 i nohos; that she always walked
Plai nti ff refitri oto nor right to reoover to the charge
i a . hor complai nt that "The é ofondants than and there careleosty
lafi . nogli geatly kept anfi , mai ntalnod sa i d hole i n sa i d si dewalk
testimony. and defendant's obgeot i on on that poi nt i s unt enable ,
as i s i ts object ion that tho oonfl lt i ona shown i ndi cat e a lat ent
dotset wi th. whloh defendant ooulé not be cha rged i n the absence
i t It O pfiaoerw tun aim w m cm we wow: ww w w w I mam
wuq qsz onq g ,a ep joegyofl on £9 9 : borne $0 fi fissfi apj e‘
ensqtgrou * § Lyra apvz fis Q Q AG L Q spa cenqypy>ve apogn p} aye
rnq¢¥pa ecAaz nae ; cps Game In a q ee‘7n5 9 0 m3 9 avg augeuganeg
é fiq §%fia}fiswark KGB: q wxrvrfl f fi sq eata wash In agrq $7 q afl szx
rw’
han aaw5}g 7 3 p gpwc oapv ga geq axu gyen sag gfi g l fi amz fl xe aaxir
’r
L 5 3 £fi § ®gfi Lgfipx 3 9 L eeoaen ea np g owwxfis
vné flwqfkp e ag ar pays“
gfific figs 0 0 5 6 3 asz aeq a n, ag S ywcg aat aye wz sgma mg j xsg
oocfi ardh'
epfi pwq epshbsg a n gps e qfis on 3 pm pays svg unggcaq
gag e z qagaq Q AG L g on e Le g z e ! apwg on one
Gw en m mu: 113 2 m w e m u 3“
m am a we aw n no» we m m ?
0 1. pm , 13 0 17 5 0" a us» m ay 3m m use qaam m t emu: mm Gear} yon
fiest a ceegrgwsq epfie gpu ca §r pore zmaofaaq pans fi fi fi { a 13 0 9 ;
‘
V fiyguesa fipc yfi q fraaq on ez wuq e ganma Le » a wawpex ex
ape enaaeLsgfi
afi é beau: Q AGx- guwg° sa g hog fl exa won 0 3 lonL og b e we wj r
’u
cxsaa~sx9wxnmara33
“n g In Qnap ywfl nkgr z ap z xn 3 a gar? wrafia
Oxaamsq 91 gps ekavsp fufia wwg i n na ebg a fia . so gpe dfl aagg gnf a
gen 1 qz lgwnag 0 1 3 $3 q geeg pe z a z e ape gaff? ape a g e 3 0 3
afi er,on I 3 ! fig? gsxg apt ennmqprufl Gt spa GO fi I nnqaL pvxxg e ag
mm W a t am 6 0m g w e cm an ew }: m g £336 9 3W ?! wsow q
bra wn ; 94m m m m m ew oz. m l: m ew “ m s aw TE N !
;ea as Jews; 3 em. g gees an 9 9 0? Q JQ @ o; gyfi may} 9 0 3 9 av g
Bo m m 6 M Q M W E w izw ew w a n wow ! w e am m x
é aénne'
vpaap 93 ex Jag 19 3 3 fl e as a; agxesgt sna gs 43 3
“WW W“m 6 arm : “w as N‘
fi w on em sw an 0 1; M m e
o3
Team 9 3 xet aan 9 ; bratwcrzL .8 3a R a ng Lox pa» ya apfi fi fi
’
$3 3 3 apiweai efl fa afiws gy$ asq @ @ 3 8 exoaafiqas
5 3 3 i f}?y®b
*avg 5 5 9 3 3 9 9 Loconq pmmame as $6
at 5 13 13 43122 3 3?TM 0; gm m m M £9 ginsfigxerz { 9 3 use Em u}.
ebb1:0 fiprt ga-
snm 9 3 9 3 6 0 L Lafi gfi fi pz am apfi za ax mz fiyg 7 9 81 ¢$ma geyk
ebbsr¢ % afo fifi l apfi fiawse on nansa caesfxreq $0 pk apam‘
fifi t
Ema $3 4 9 pee fi? §fi$ .mfi e angggyaq ag awa e pe a 0 9 86 anpmrggeq ow
£§5fif3 a‘fi i wfifi é fim?aé'
If?"
erz*apg ea fl wb brfl i vxzaz . e obzmrsn
sqe? se§ a“
yea lIf'
qgc~ ¢ar
eArvowee qe z ovewnsnee Inq epcee £9 brfi ruwrxt e Le n gx‘see'oe fi ne
GO H H GGI 16 x qez enqsnn TU apart pa fe z same: tern Huge: eye
as‘rawg’ape qei ape qe e t ee ne e ee ceLO Q
“
fl ee c e: EO fl BQ ens LL O W qeee nqeee atom ye kew he“ Ieye so WWL Q F
3 p9 1 oycym spec ape GGfi L R ep0 fi j q peh e e j j oe eq yupe heag an ape
ga z enqeug Q bEQ VI E 9 3 g bj eymgyxge 3 3 7 9 v ehe ae~ ebheey pi eyrep
openoeyyoh eng 8 qecne o efi fie Leq shuffl esee leuqe g g Lax
ee-bjwrnevc a he qeeneeq so bah ”
§§e oe ee 3 9 9 pee hepaz e he z pa
eels ewe eerresxsq £0 3 eee‘es
’ M fi7 0 fi ey e gee ewe ”where ewe spe c
cps coughe hl hxeyegyxz e ee Le {e gepgeq he { a Lo w ee i geru me h cpenqyee
Degenqe ua denyse ape; I: emeq h yeyngrgge eul eem pug ea
emcees Lonvq he pe qse*
peen Beyq’
JU GR bh eleq Len en e e eemngzwfi fl ag 3 q ecxee Lox spe
go commf eeyone acme e; Apsep 4 eh TL eae pxnfi gyg‘gj g
'gj‘pe g we:
wag cpfig fl Q Q 3 l ape sexes a; sue eoegne eg heel fi a Le
oxjepome“vteenee e eng Poni e qvvsl fines gyeh.
be L § 0 Lmeq ES LAE C GB
0 1 qegeuqen z yu £ U 6 eyege a o; Lexe e‘
h t rcgeu efih eemeuc nypp qegeeqesg epenepi epei h e t e 3 0 pe spa
qetefi qenp syre firufi apex on game 19’n I
’seek 6 U £ 6 L 0 q I U Q O e
byernprz ge LJI Q Q agarx comh j erug { u eye e eea k afieyvep
i E‘fifl afiICE O IGOfi fié fl DEPIAEHHB $3 2 CBIEIOE Ob LQ E CO fl fif
‘
vbberre fl a'
stow“
Hfl rxvfl Goahogth zefi‘e Q O LD eLg u
Q OQ K eonfl rx‘
an} HIGH aoneh'
vbbe j j ee e’
gapenmehpe t h w xpnwfi geyee combeni’
loane’Ce ~ bwLaEe Le
‘yxeqyea e a
i fifAi
2 .
that tag sourt erred is entering a decre e for mere than tha t sum.
Th; rasard discloses that pla intiffs are cc-partners,
tradi ng as fishermsrhonn Young sales Company, having the ir
plac e at business at Ft . Warthg Texasa Tha t Sche rme rhsrn lives
i n Exi le; sad . Ieehg i n F3 . Warth, Texas; tha t they a re agents
for a number at companies is ssme of our southwestern stat es and
have been i n busi ness since 195 9@ fioi ng business principally by
selling suppl ies to re ta i l companies i n tha t vic i nity. Defendant ,
aelyah eerper at ies, i s an Illinois serperati en with i ts pri nc i pal
glass er business in. @hi eagss E; K. Rayi erb pre si fient of the
defehdast company) has be en esnnsetcd wi th the oi l basinesa since
1928; tha t before the fl a ts of the ashtrast , entered i nto be tween
the part ies June 15s 1941” it sela i ts ewn. repa i r plugs and
June 1s, 1941 , the parties entered iste the writ ten cen
tract which i s the basis of this su i t . I t was prepa red by defen
ya“ d o g w o c i b 15;
“an sales at halti-Seal Repair P1sgs to consumers, we will pay
ya“ D a c e -c t » §e%
t i th. the terms thereof , “ Tha t or, Owen woula call on pla i nti ffe
at the fi rnt opportunity in working out some mod ini ed form of
the agreement to oever wha tever territory pla int i ffs and Owen
mi ght “decide you eon effectively and intensi vely handle for us.
The fina l dec ision on thi s mat ter will , however, have to rest
“Pending hi s visit wi fih you we will be very glad to cont inue
to pay you commissions on all orders whi ch . you send us; or whi ch
customers whi ch. yen have established for us, send us direct ,
Peroonally I greatly apprec iate the friendly cooperat ive fashi on
i n. thi eh. you have always tried to work with our lit tle company,
one look forwarfl to doing business“wish. plai nt irfs for a long
Eight any: later, on February 18 , plaint iffs wrote defenv
they said: ”It was a pi eaenre to r e ceive the le tt er from you .
li aison,”to i neti hote a nnch. nere i neenei ve campaign for Relyan
Mulei ~$ea1 .nepai r Flugsu'Whatever i s best for the Rolyan Gorpene~
We woloome Hr. Owen, We hope everythi ng works out fine for all the
Fine Going of Rolyan Prodnet nq
we had Just concluded the program of a ma il ing campa ign of over
three fiheuoanan We ordered a emai l stock of Rolynn Produc ts i n,
li nerooure we; out and the rema inder ready wa i ting additional
“no yobs no noov'
uei e sue bree ennee; be neonoyyi moecrv fl an
“
n enecnno on gori en bnoqn eg e anew lone Tennon oemo‘
Itxc be gnno use one sag ape nemeruee n Leona oergru a eqqycyeoe j
£0 onneernee non rmmeereoo LHRU oooeombayoo‘sun noon 0 ; ago
spi ke gpeoeooq*
ao 0 L 3oneq e emery econ; 0 1 yeri on bnoqnc po yo‘
ne pee le an oencj nqeq ape beefinem oz 3 neyfz ofi oenbe z fiu o; neon
“I8 nee runene egrmfi gees no or} meLe o; one myoq‘yo geep
Erna eernfi e o; yorkeo Eneqn ege*
Lon on gnyi en com bonogron 8ne e ’ me or: fie a one one 13 pa
sexi sm Q O kbfi L 9 £IO H’ne
eomen ooq goo gone nnenne nnn xoeoa ge j oo go
“
go nej oome fiL’
ge os‘
$8 robe eA eei np rna moxi e one xsne i on ex] rye
cron me one se ns nix] no pe ep Lax goo gopenn nupono~xpnng ani on go“
mnIpz-geoj Bebern Q I TEB* ‘ eye genen 1 8 post Lon one yerlen someone
uvnwfl eaf {so Inenrgoge e mnep mono ge gooeyne eemoernm Lon geylan
figfi'
eqi yeo on onborvnmeog 0 ; ex*
goon Q*
gnen on e me:
gpoi aq f “In use e exe fine an L c oyne pro Jane en LLO fl lon *
Jenner. $1! M i mi (to cm green-em, 0 L gi e pb fl oe
‘l j o
‘$23 wrap
mrfiyg qele gecen’ on i ea e Ll 131 bye:sg ¢;1o & h @ £6 gogoum
gyms no oomo‘
one roe; i onee nq no qoeefi pmognoee u eygp'
bj exogz gxe {o n 3 Icon
In apron i on pone nyee le gnyeq so many eypp eon yfgayo combe ui ’
Lanfieoerj l 1 fiL esl Q Q w L ~ Q I8 2$ ape LE IS Uq coonone ez ne Loeofou
oné cemone epsop loo pone oego oyxeyeg i on no“ eooq ow orn eog*
£0 bel<
loe oomnyaoyome on ex} eeeee e nefeg ken oooo not on apron
"beuqrfig eye ere }: nygp lea no ex} : pe ne z l oxen so eonsrnee
a?“ITHWT Q e fl loron an aura mwxfoL eggr*noneA e L
‘pe as no L e na
nwfibn Jeoq o i on one onnouerz eri ewe eoneneen oj l meagre ge n fi E‘
ine*
efineeneog no oenon eponenen nene fgonl bj o gonz gge one
on sne“
z rna£ obbenonursi In eonxrufi one none woqxgyeg z one on
fi ttfi‘
fi?‘cé t fi n cponoo;*
a Lynn fin?seen mearq oe r: en Drexugxggo
1: fl eecin g 01. one on w e n ot groo m e mce e” : when» ewes“
an»; ugwoe spi t spot oot e doooeg pl we !xene fi . oon bez ooe j eoa
” w e ” I?” 0” £10s 0 33 W W I! m ay ( one ow e at {mom rom eo )»
agnogeoz aornfl gomboul IH epz ou opol. ee je co ape ; loco ut‘gope no e
t
eroxfiq: a? lagoon you Enos oooe Loeereeo Li on gee geyenoslone
LL OW’ec z em a; ew esmomen ta em otion Iae fiwo no on e? to “ a
m y: Soiree? {w e gem om en cm mom w as decree
9190 11 moo n ee spree loo eoee e yogeuez oey‘t
League one eye eot yymfi oee e; on « Loe uueee fi
o oenneeyj l. qeheeg e
gooey‘me Irge eree eoeoe e rgo i on ones zoo e oa enoygreq so sure
Iyye so fieyy Gomb eufl ueyofi lob ope ao yorgl ope; loo one bogg z ea
o; obot egzou qyi eog tote one ogi yoe owq eo booeowo loo eooxq
pofreee one: mooy poeye oee axt pe pe gooofiuoogoe Loom loan eoe e
loot urorvycl'
ensue I9 e u yegff ep g on yo loot geese» £9 3 2 loo
pe A e oejl i e ooz ueq one owe } ; oeqoi gh ee e myzy enobrl goose In
ugruc a ope oeoooj z eoz ee og l ea k goemot monyzofi sui cemeoc e e
e ecepyyqy eyepye we ei ew, ppoa l~n z egee e z le j l GO A Q L‘
e fi fl
In ope gyeeopyou 0 1 go, plhe o; ne eeyo oooooo Apron i on eyene
fiQ Nb t oeeIJe Le‘
fi e e onfe j xge so nous loo K:A e eoe e ageoafi g
mnefl vz georoe go ooz y qynoeg so ysoao z oq z ecoyeg oeome one? eeoooqj l
’
xyyneeet me eon ouepqe £ 9 go eo
*
“ozooe z ocrxea e is re e go
bleafi*
g one on ee ooaug oi boe eu e; pn e z oe ee one RL
”nelgon ,
u
so oeggruu ynb e Hoe noi uz nfi eoeeeueoeou oo uej oyn aeoy gobeyn
oooez eooa: “It pe e eeeo ui . reeeec:oo so oeogeoo to“ exop e Ayeo
LQ AQ &$ Q I§ LsefiLH 8*u Lyon agoroo ogoe o ne pcene emq ope Jeey eu
AG § h ~'Iixe erfl a blee aeq go oboe lone fifiwfie eeug oonoe u
r
yufi gpe
mane un p M omm i es hoa x. m y; em ote so w ok e/eel HW EJ: M ean»
W eb” m oo mom en t a B was“ to “m en 38 M S W m : gee
i nfirm ?! 228“ 37W?”m i nim eoehom n ou’ so goon
“n o we;so
egg so yous gpyefie a moi xoq ow; eo oom mmouof p eoexz e'“
a;
60
‘1i st price apoli ca only When. M u1ti -S eel Repa ir Plugs were
uood‘
by the purchasorg but When they were for resale and were
purchased i n. 1arge quanti ties the discount or 3 5% applied'.“Since wo Rage canc elled your working arrangement , your
representa tive had so right to establi sh. any new perchandi sing
sales outlets fort lti-fieal Repair plugs. As a matter of fa ct ,
we have writt en you on numerous occasi ons aski ng for certa i n
vital i nfl orma ti on concerning year me thods of sales O pe rat i on and
area coverage whi ch mi ght have lead [led] to our se tting up a
reasonable working arrangomont within an intensified area whi ch
you might handle, but this informa t ion hasnever be en forthcoming .
”In our cancella tion let ter of February loth we told you
onlywthgt ‘we wi llbe glad to continue to pay you commi ssi ons on
all orders whi oh you sent to as; or to customers whi ch you ha ve
“Further, as a mat t er of fac t” Haloney Tank Manufac turing
Gompany could not be classified as a Jobber-resalor ans therefore
i s not entitled to a jobbing discount as indi cated on our yellow
colored. ‘aobbor's cost sheat h . W
”glass we introduced anfl developed M nlti - Sea l Repa ir Plugs
wi th. thi c company we tool tha t the aet ios taken by your represent
ative in hi s conta ct of this company was sati rely out or order
aha places as i n nu unwarrant ed¢ embarrassing posit i on wi th . our
customer . We see no alt ernative but to discont inue all di scounts
to you on products of our manufacture effe c tive as or the dat e of
this let ters Thi s let ter will therefore serve as our not ificat i on
of this aot i oa .“
In the second amended complaint, on whi ch the case went
to trial, tho accounts of a great many persons are named on wh i ch
in tho .bri efs- i t i s conceded tha t only the a c counts or two or these
m m! M ~M e you “. n ew a: wee W omen; w easel brews-Ju n
on etim e m ow ers! W e 3‘s" nee W e mem e? 85
‘Joe?“ new W W W “ .
m ew liesw we" w e m i me"gen eri c 15 m i m e . m ean s? 91 w e
”Bereadant also centenas that the 'tank compan i es'were not
oensumers wi th&ngthe meani ng'ef the employment agreement, but
were Jobbere, and that pla i nti ffa'eemmi eei on on thei r orders
should therefore have been only 15 per oent t “
we held that the centraet er Jane 18 , 19 41, was terminated
by defendant M ereh . 12, 19 45 , whi ch was 3 0 days after defendant
nrote plai nti ffs on February 13 , 1945 , that i t wa s oaneelli ng
the eentraet . Under the cent raet plaint i ffs were ent i tled to
a oemmi sei on on all sale ; or pi ns: geld by defendant i n the four
states covered by the eent raet , Whether the erdere were obta i ned
by pla inti ffs er net . It the plugs were eeia\
to gathers, pla i nt i ffs'
eemmi ee ien. was lfifl aha i f eela to eeneumers, After M arch . 12 ,
however» plai ntiffs were te recei ve eemmi eei ona only on all orders
whi eh. plai nt1£fu sent te eateneant er to euetemere who sent thei r
ordere alreet te defendant whi eh euetomere plai nt i ffs had obt a i ned .
by the let ter whi eh é efendant wrote plai nti ffs Hareh 26, 19 4 5 .
mhe tee quest i ens for aeelei on are : ( 1 ) Were the defen
dant'l sales to the twe tankL eomeani eaa Meleney Tank company and
Sleek , ei valla e Eryeen,“eonlumer sales” wi thi n the meani ng of
fientabli ehefi'by plai nti ffs? It the sales te the tee tank eem
pumi ce were “eoeeumer sales“wi thi n the meani ng of the contra ct
and the ordere were ebtai ned by pla int i ffs { rem the two tank
”establi shed”or seenred these two sales.
that the Navy Department hee. nedo some tests at defendant's plugs
&pe eerqeeoe enema ape; gee pee geux combeerea a ces eefis
beers: a cne “oonenmen eefee , erapye ape weeexefi ex ape eoee ae og
ac fl iwpxrafive. pl fizwrvirxxae 12 £9 3 ae Tea so see sea gene ca m
ape eeeagxeeg oz gene 1g‘yaeq
fi enq ( 3 ) ge Le spe ee ee j ee me gs on
green greeyj e w Bakean’l eoeeeme n eeye e“ erge7 e ape e ee eye fi o;
qwnk.eterse se gee £5 9 gave eonbeuz e ei§ ®TO B G& Levy cembee z eeq
4
fiefl desenrowa z en qeorerem wee : ( 1 ) gene cue eeee e
L‘3 i g
'
pl cpfi rez eet spree estenqe cz fl eece brervcrz z fl evnav t z‘re te
‘
e xoiqeh t qyxeeg go qexeuqeug fierce on egOWe » byersarkge pee op i e rneq
*
i nfiep breregrxge sen: ge qe geeqeme ex go execymexe mp 3 asus geni ea,
pea cAeL‘ mat e ge be eeyae eoeeyee gone ouz k on ex] ot qet e
eomfireeree 19 9 19g eve 11 aaye go cemenme ee ’ec
* °vzsee he q 7 3
’
pk breruz rrge on noc'1; PP? Effi gfi fi fl bs 3 6 16 $0 ?9 Pea bfi‘brwrvastz e u
fl eeces ce L eq pa ape eeeeeeeg‘epeeee x gee oeqe t e fl e es epre z fiee
Q‘sommz eeron on e]: eej e e o; bre fie eorq ee qegenqeng Te ape goes
ape congz eeg‘
gages eye eoeaneog LI Q TH 3?L% 8 eat s evnygj eq go
“negenqeeg twee eeuceeee ape: ape ,ceefi
s
eoebemree , neee we:
Lfisxs re Gene t earqsvca 3 9 gym 6419 0 3 snag rn‘mfl i rom’ bne erqvvz
cpsc cnz a usa
vfl uioppe h a q brwrncrmz s raroq so a contraavan 6; yak «Hg
0 ; apes use s -qyacafi un‘gpe snacema z fl ea arsaargt
1863 3 sync aynho c enaccwsa a; qeganqvm: grq use LG GG IAG s gracenfl g
taxman 8 6 63 8 3 3 3 1 any eon mwnaav n an ape Q G£GHQ Q E £ gowbaaa away}
BkrfivQ‘awn M ot awrreq pk bfgrwfirxxv
*
are ce acrxreq 5 9 9 3 five men
at canvas: xo» bysrngzgga camgayq’pa spa gssgrmeul OL geni e E
‘
fififififfiFfi’ 9 59 III’
189*vuq fifl ffi a vwcfnerow 18 na# e zxcoesq
’
39 3 III‘193 ! §Bsi fé é n Efifigffigfif Q AG III
’9 8 5 3
gang combevz sa asna camafi men afiysa Exfiqz eX’
é fi g fi yz Q S'
enrux are carry oeaLs emasq TH fl orqrufi fifi fl t fine ewrea go ape sac
gpsU'
IQ Q- bxoaxqeq 39 9 1 g ag z pyrspwq an opgsrncq ape onqez a
*
as
cps bxsrngrgz a° naqen ape comgnvac'ga me was engggj aq go wens
a; spa brags cps goa e kz maug use gpa confinkeL’ t ug gp sz oLa
cps awake reexaq'
amqox efl z e vavas oz agwse as spwvx rs crswb
3 Eva eye aaasnfi fi awg mafl rq fi ne age pfi Icfi In Qwas
smo cvfl x configures‘eefisspwx argy some at cps fl exra‘£6 spa nurscg
Incrfl qe 8? base? poz aa‘
Lug fiafl fi? amnfq pa wage swq fl arv pl ans
gang gyene apoayq pa gnz nragsq one ex meme aege e; gmaga* swap ge
ranch are eoxsknmanc bxoaz qeq xv 7 3 9 ab$ 0 7L10 3 f§66H8 spasmz pp ewepf
fipv 9 0 129 to» fl ee a r fine z fl vfia x: pfi q bxenrafi srk bfi xspvasq’
v: z rxag spa aaasnnmcug baxopvawq qrnscgrz xxow qsgenn g saws o;
vuq arnco gagengsvg ,s hyafia ooayq pa Inaaagsq gnaw eye oncarvfl
10 .
We think this evidence does not Just ify the eencluei oa tha t the
centract betwe en the parties 0 3 June , 19 41, should be conetrued
to mafia that the two tank eempani ea were consume rs of the pat ch
bolte¢
( 2 ) were the sales to the tank compani es i nvalved i n
tbs instant gaz e“establi shod ” or seeured by plai fiti ffe? Between
narah. 12 and M arnh. 1?, 1945 ; defendant re ceived di rect ffiom the
M alanay Tank Gempany'
orders .ameunti ng ta and from Bla ck ,
317 3 113 Brysena The tri al court found tha t these two
sustamers hafi'
been establi shad by pla intiffs and allowed them a
cemmi sslan at 5 65» we held this waa ervara fi
\
ens of the plainti ffs, Ebb Zaung, testi f i ed . that i n July
er August, 1942, ha eallea at the Maloney Tank Company erri c a
i ts purahasi ng agent, at i ts main effi oe in Tulsa; Oklahoma, and
tbs la tter saw! hllfihi a card; tha t the next time he called an
l etter at Maren 267, 1945 3 at whian time , M m Highrn l ”threw the
inxa i aos eat an the dedk'and showaa all he had purehased di re ct
a t in M 1945 0
Bgfendant teak the deposition of Mr . Highfill, the purehaslng
agnnt for the Maloney Tank campany, fi e fiesti ti ed tha t he re c eived
defendant had . gatdh. belts spoei fled i n Gavernment tanks fer sale,
and afi li c i ti ng the M aleney Tank company busi ness. Tha t two days
12»
sat elle Bryeen eempany fer patch plugs i n eonne et i on wi th
Gevernment tank eentraeka through i ts own soli c i tat i on . The re i s
ether ovi denee in the record he the same effect . Upon a eon~
alderfiti en er'
all the evi denee, we are of O pi ni on tha t the orders
for plea! of the Blaekg 817 3 115 Bryson Company were obta i ned
by defendanz and therefore plai nti ffs were net ent i tled to any
eemmleelofl s after Karen 12, 1945 . Prior to M arch . 12, 1945 the
anti ti ca to inhereet from Hareh‘ 87 , 1943 to harsh 22 , 194 5 , the
da$e e: the entry ef the averse , by vi rene ef se eei en 2, chapt er
allewaa te re ee i ve exper annum fer all mameys aft er they become
a sui t kn equi ty and “In equi ty, i nterest i s allowed beeau ee er
0; 3 9 leewa‘
rare eve ITAE Q cefiacwen wa we epe ue seq ergo anew: Iaqe‘e be
erreasuee‘bxoaeeueea cyye vbbewj ° ape z ebra pxrez eye veg
comet”
blexnsrx; fierefi ereeett aefeq a rse ape eme eee ex tee
reoxee erufi gee ez joesuee ge he; weegp Lox ez eregrxz'gee
k ebab: peoexpean z g
‘. ggee
~geeefi
'
g’raee
l en enge z ewe eeenxeq
eye ewnugefis on qegewqeumfi e£o*
ape oewmreafefi ee % Ire q fif fi
becxgien e egznfi , ggeg spa e j ymofifi fie Inexee eeq fifi Qeqa e money
seq ,rsh flgfi ,eegxeeq eyee eeaevqsvz hex DIWTHQ ILL areef v
‘wenafl
Fflsxgazxxaz lsaee efiexuea eeleveeee ereerefi pew eerrea on
e .oommoe DMTXAEBED xam oexn on 03 eem conea‘
3 00K fiGfifl kK‘
The decree re c i t es tha t the parti es agreed i n open court
te a prep erty set tlement thi ch . was i ncorporated i n the de cre e
and the amount allowed plai nti ff for the support of he rself
and . ni nor chi ld was based. on the representat i on made by
aefcnfl ant i n open eeart that hi s i ncome from all sources was
a year. In aadi t i en he the allowance of $149 per month ,
defendant was erfl ered he pay eost e and expenses i nci denta l
to the eee ca t ien e! the minor sen, ineludi ng complet i on of hi gh
schofili Aha i t was further decre ed that defendant execu te a
qui t clai m. &eed eehveyi ng hi e i nterest i n twe pi eces at real
estate te plai nti ff; that ehe of the pureele ef real estate
on i hi ch . tho parti es ma intai he é the i r home in Wi nnetka , was
subject te a mortgage er and that defendant pay thi s
indebt edness wi thi n 10 years; that he pay taz ac levi ed aga i nst
the premi ses aha expend wi thi n 6h days for repa i ri ng
them; that eefEhfl aht t ake out i nsurahee en hi s li fe for not
he di ed, ahculd he appli ed te the payment or the mortgage of
and unpai d taxes, and te asserc the eeucat i on e: the
mi ner chi ld, the peli ey to be del ivered te pla i nti ff and to
tell . at whi eh . tim9 i t wee to be returned te defendant .
hei ehdant wan else requi red to pay some other matters.
Defenaant, called as an adverse wi tness, testi fi ed that
he rema rri ed i n 1948 and resi ded wi th. thi e wi re in fish Park;
that he was vi ce-presi dent, sales manager, chi ef engi neer and
chi ef est imator of the Campbell-Lawri e-Lantermi lch Corporat i on
that defendant's i neemc for 1942 was for 1945 ,
of the he eri nga hi s i ncome for 1944 does ne t appear,
not ca bra on ewe druueerw pews awonwcrvfi so 2&1Q 3
gee exta¢s efiwg si z es eye qceLee ewe eaeuneq In IadO
‘
3 3 2 3;mansnos 9 9 berg pd gax*
In ppwe denuee gree gnu seyqeuec
bekfgfi‘fexe
a on an» fl eaeegeeq mpeLe byerngrgi b earqe a dug epru fl
a; bez ywd yuaeaaag en eye d engue qua ! eyes pa ye L aII$A8 q e;
ape aa‘ogfi me z gi efl e IE Jae5
° suq ye EBB hfi fl l asyreaeg
a
feag age: eyuae ape geoxee e; greenes ewe eugoxeq qexeeqeng
avg egeng gggg fi e ei ae edne filg z eeensre
'gee S A IQ Q R GG Lfi eppe z
9 8 abfl fi a “pe fl a effooe hex fl ah z b £9 Hes ebxrvfi fi t 3 9 60 so i roarqe
re Loefipyl é j gfiego
igo 9 Base? Lea me avg ml axi s?” page { a Igfg
$113 {a ge ¢ heeg t gave “ea ;eexfi d e z bee ae e fish EB Q L 1 eenj q eel
gaz eeqane fisasrxz sq fiveswe fl e a Irayua a rea nz a bne e eua
( Lem gpe Infl owe gwx L eee nwe wage pd Jez euqe fi g‘
awqx erfi’eo$
”seflVII sz aweae { rdfi hse Lea reed eye Jade abbe fi h
ea EQ Q A B hegnede eg g xeL fps mafi a gags) qexa eea‘e vac evenme
§§3bfirwgeg £92; £9 » spa lfifi a ref? ( i cryoaysfi aye ewme mes,
yeei yya v we; eaceme z en 3 5 45 ex 13 $ 9 9 i nnspsb
{E dema gex a g e gg'yeg
*
gb ( ez gan exefi bcz ene 0 ; g‘3 00 ewq $220 )
a we; rueewe‘pexene qaqn vg;ud Income 3 3 x ape
xpwcp gj‘gag ee e ej rmonlt gees] qeqe agrvz e’te‘eee
’
ea’yee egufi
caxs&‘eese
°ee= peg qfipfi fi ’
asee‘eei egnes qwqa e psent ’ er
'aee
‘ox
ea&e ,mnqsz semez ggngyoue’
ggrgl z eseneai bele ang‘gsgg
flggt
PGSO R Q qagfi fl fi i evv ase13 82'ei‘z Lom A9 3“? eye morrovrfi fi fieefi ecrcus
on {ue qegmengad e egz ufi fi IB page: Inee ee dnpi e cg 3 0 sex and
La ceyasq { new spa oawbfi fl i seq gy‘xga Lox qrnygena e
66w «a bstrac t o; $IQQ @
“M n ew w affl e-“law “
Term-
ma a ne g. m;
”0 3 93 { L OW cembpe
yj f peexyee fi gsLmyj sm fiv e $3 9 { 3 9 3 epycp’
v
10 1 spa lean yaqsd qexewgewe ,e avycxi se q
bencraa ppm; tkoq
it
I
i fi fl Q fi B gen nexe eue w e
ge pd
q“levqevg
is“ P?Q fi A fl I fl O a; enaanq¥ n£ . e “near 7” ape cwwbpszx~
4»
special assessment, insurance, or a total
or per year; whi ch leaves her or the alimony
allonhnee or $1, 68e. Pla intiff testi fied as to he r l i vi ng
expenses per heath, aggregating eeeeg but some of these items
were eeti natee and thet einee the decree was entered she had
bereaved free are. Keller at different t imes to pay
Q he ehhneellor i n deei di hg the ease, i n referring to
glui nti rr said: “the dourt i s very mneh impressed with the
i nfielli genee at thi s lady. When aekefi abou t her a ctivities,
coeiui elubu, had so forth, she very frankly told the Court
her to, and i t fines not mean tha t be eeuee a eah . i e divorced
fret a woman that the refi ne meet shift fer herself and live
on. a atandard tar helew tha t whi eh he i s capable of ma inta ining
eollege»”New he i s married si nee and he sets up i n detail
Ihhx it ee ets hi m te live , en an a verage, I think he pi t it at
a year.“ what "fieeeeeary expense he goes to i n
eeh eeeti ee Wi th the buei heee er the eempahy i a a legi tima te
ehurge aga inst the gre ee i neeme of the Gempany, so he does not
have to have these expenses; If i t costs hi m and hi s wife,
in. hi m. te say to hi s first wi fe , te encu . be ewes a first
ebli get i ong the second wi fe i s a luxury, he cannot subordina te
TH DIRECTION S.
the order of the C i rcui t court
he mat ter remanded with
plai nt i ff $2 50 a
apt 3 9 3 0 1 see ox engxz z ersr ca a z pip9 5?awbsn fl ag Ionex bn eafi
Iccwvev* ans a a pefi qvefl vt P‘fi fl aucp ave phat evq sue pIe Q QTrfi‘
Ops x01: conLrpro bf?» qoan Iv gas pwex avg Lrfips ab ae apv
w e am 64 6v m." W 3 9 2 W NW
"
M an am a W m
was 9 0 ” vfi q qwfi fipcfl n~xfl -rut sacramsq we» go ape poabrcaz avg so
qxrAen gyau Q LO AO BEL co pen pawn 9 g Aggg'
monz p arsmfi aeq VA GH fi G’
asa saxau ae ya abygezfi mpuxe Lgmag q na e fl rAsn
t
mpfi cap
i seye at§ a E“; on spy: fifi?fl 3 aye « arqeaas $9 In eowxrz ce’
ape
LI0 0 1’ rnzg nrwfi psx'
hyg rmgsz ; afa z fi a apa pfi afi fi e fi nannacyg na
an:efi c ea hwvrvarz z 9 69 7 3 3: gag grac e 0 ; fifie eg p a so
q A9 3 enn mfl abbyyeq gpa pnwgfi a$ afi fi egmfi 9 AI Q IGHI i o ng‘
o; opreafio'tn 3 aofi gp qrn&egrem avg as Ri sa; aaseq
“ fiyfi fi ape
o; qe z enq ¢ ,e sag a on Kaqsye*
vaenna wasL nywmewa rm gpa Gish
brerngrg; awe L i qyfi fi fixgp pa; emu ewq QWfi aycfl L ~ Ifih j fi fi xv ag e
syn G acfl xnenee combyfi gusq ca 3 9 0 3 bysae fifi xefl fg’
SArqamce‘
apya 3 3 gpe agarxerrrwa dnsegxou In cps ca ae'
cafl seyq e curl gfiwg ape amoxug gyenae; Ia EQ Q GN Q se nnqaa saw
10; a fl ea parwy'
I; qoa a fl ag vLaue GLLO L In cp & jnqfiwosg Eng
0 3 spa Aa xa g‘gnaw apyey fipfi 9 bbewya
*pagangg ug grg use moae
moAcq {Gk a mag gn;9 y*
13 % 3 E qsuxsq wag jwqamawg angsxaq
v Afi nqz ax ac t bxwrmsxxx urcu q wé sa a;
In fin sacrom xox nafiyrfiauc e’ on gn j 9 3 q z z fian@ nwa
£3“BEEQ IBIQ G fl fifimlafl fiVLGHE&£ Bfl TIAQ £EB Q HE é htfl i fl fi $2 $3 5 GOHEQ
'
vfiberrae*
m m m mmm ‘fir fia t-ban awn’ mm am t
vasawr hfifi fi
vm fi m‘
8 .
at the time of the ac c ident . These were cra cked and broken
as a result at the a cc ident . DP . fiohe ehz er-
put au i ce bag on
.hcr torehnnd¢ three stri ps across he r bare back , took her
pulse , exami ned anfl gave bar a seaati vei He came the next
day. she was cent innausly confined te her bed for about two
wefikp, _and thy é acter came to see he r ea ch day for about
that tum . she says she had terri fic pai ns i n her ba ck and
acute fer her back by the deeter at hi s office . She went there
twice a we ek fer thase treatments for ahent five months. Efl bays
were taksa . She teat i fi ea she sti ll had a ba cka che at the tri al
(any 1946 )and has pain whea she gets up er si ts down . She had
afivar had saga troubles befere thc a cc idantc The doctor advi sed
?hc plaint iff's evidence i s cerreborated by Dr . Schechter
we do net f ind it to be so. There i s as question about the bi ll
fi es ha chargad whi ch was thz usual, customary anfi
reasfinable oharga . The denfi i st was not avai lable as a witness.
Ks was absent in the Army. Plai nti ff testi fi ed tha t she pai d
him for the naw set of art ific ial tee th . It was di sclosedart i f i c i al
only to the fi rst cat of teeth and not the ascend , repla ced
tdwxv no qt a$i aq fie-
gs uxq c i*
§p1a>pcmc c oi
*gwg xai exayaa
can 5 9 ! para tafi smcm“ ywfi j fi a$fi fi sc caxag i n haygxfi fi afic a nax
on e i aoc-c xwmxuwz tou swag spew ans { I k fl g fioagpae goesp gpc same
9 L £IZ IC TQ I
Kai gym fl fi fi 3 fi £ O i vmazxxsfg z ssagg*
xc c am qxcayaaac
Ltwtnavpi v cywmfiv ! act q cmz rag m% % 5 0 @ 9 A9 $j i e c a 0 fiqcneaa*
we Gfl fi % fifi q 35 i fl‘gfi
’ c g i qy t fi fi xpw ufl fi fi f’
aaacoav fl ag
fl fi Q fi Ufi fi LIHQ $6 9“ 83‘
f fl 9 ° gpafl fi fifis
gexnfi qfi nn c c fifl na ah a aa:g$5 ¢ e a? $9 .qamc &ca ya oenzyrcgznfi*
83 mg fig; firj yfi 3 9 é fi rsg yea hi c°
m M m an xfi m m m w mm m m m M aw am sm sk
fi n $I8 Q’
Q O’
cm flwsa We m m‘
m cm con fi rm s» su ms W N ew“
as m afivw e m assm m ax-m e
pang ausfi pez cxc Le i ac ac i a 3 &Q fi pj fi fl ‘ age 3 8 3 3
mm m as: 95 m m m m W W“mm aw m 3 9 9 “ om
“PM
fifi i fi i‘
pfi g afi cfi'
z i caprae p€ ;0 3 3 gfi fl afi sgqengg
gym qofigmi ag i xaeq
(m raw wm W 8 W ccw am fl aw m: w e; aw e fieW‘W e m g
$3 3 9 fifi fig fia
fl pfi Lg fifiTi I fi Q Q Wfl Bail} ycq a pasgfi epc $ 3 Q BQ £ l 7 $f
8 fi g s; Len gpe ce fi i awgmarga gag wgumg m0 n£p8* Xv é fl lfi
magga { an pa ; pc cg pl spa gaogan a: $3 3 oggz es’
gps can; swa bs
cps: pen pswq wc§ 6q*
vxgc » msega gpe a c e fi z ccn j cmb snuc z u
spasgrma * spa acme ape psq z enasgyc cc fmc 3a fi u i pan; c uq
maega‘g ag gyc qa aga i awwa so ace pwn ssay gal { ax spans
qwi'
ape use ecugxcmc a aj i ccsz rweg £0 ac » gag gsg'
uacag sue
bum? em cee c m; W p m at cw gym'
149 a m gm a n
p3 & _z a kafi é eq‘apmae aci fbc oe coc c pc i pans pwcr
’goo; p a y
$3 a k aafi yg a; gym c ec rqeum*
gabc fi afixa h has ca 3 9 8 pcs on
we gpa cywe o; ggt wacrqc fip'
gpa ae &€ Lfi c i mcyc q q paexem
ocefl vfi fi b» 9 fie firemei eel aav i eeyeee o
ereeogreee go efi é fiyc gee doe egre u ex gemeae e so eee eeee Te al”
gee joqfiwee g ye Le Ae L heq veg ape men ee Lemweeeq eygp
9 90 13 1* see“ e? gee 111
“ Least
on ope qeeefiee efigex beebem- ye egne egeenefi gfii iffififi
'
a * ETfiE’ Q fi‘
ewe ifi qeeefie' eweenefi Ifi ei awe oro‘pe ee eexflos eeyj eq go b gee
qe z enqeng’ eve gees yeeoe eege e en gpe ee he earee ye eeecreq ea
ape Lee; 0 ; ee firy?enee e e fp$ Leookq ye oeeeeqeq pl
{ e eocyrefi xv gee neooee £0 exhboeg gs“
wretege pl gee gene eww eg see qnxz t
apre { a e mane emeae*
Leena
aggo'gfi
*byern£ 211 1 8wege oeeel seawe en epeee ewe e ere exevr
abe earwz roe*
efvrenrzx ee ee Len ee’eee
‘ee
‘eve e eaeree ewe
we so ewe L 6 3 3 0 fi‘no; eye z e ye no eaqgeuoe en eprea go pe as
13 7 2 eenxeogj z efeez epe t l qyeee fiemqeq r$*
ea eel ebe enyeae
ox gpe Inie el‘ I? re ne g cyeymeq pow rueg amez ree ewe e b xeveofl e
'
qwmefiob e eeeeeee z en be z e wee efi z xeerue efi egere eq ea 3 me ow} ;
«veewewna ewe z eeee fl afxcl brerwersx aofl xe es eusrcrce 2° fives
Asnéice ave leefl eenc°eee
'e >e ee exaceevceq ape lane eye: 1;
eater 6 : eeee"
ee’aPB eeere fi W>WHs O z quwfl fie a VTIe eeq pa ewe
g§8e°oe eé‘
eheeekcrae ewe e1e9*
ee Be z e $0 eye q aeeoe wees 9
she Eye: gee here 73“m$04 3 e aresa ee 7 9 we; eaaané qz acne' ape
ddkftz iee abe t fie? eeeerae fifivnfieq yen erse°oo xoxn eueaé
’
4565 3
GQ LBBLATT 3 3 08 0 Gorpora
Appellee ,LEAVE To A PPEAL FRGM ORDER
v, OF M UNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGOGRANTING .A NEW TRIAL ,
8 . R . JGRQENdEH,
3 2 o 1;h. 3 5 5an. a nn ex Emm a em vm n THE am ni on 01? THE COURT .
Appellant .
Plai nti ff obtai ned Judgment by cenfeee i on aga inst defendant
for Befendant was gi ven leave to apnear and defend, the
Judgment to stand as eeeuri ty. On tri al before the eourt Wi thout
a Jury, Judgment was entered for defendant , On mot i on of pla i nt i ff ,
supperted k? aff i davi ts, a new tri al was granted . From thi s order,
leave havi ng been obt ai ned, defendant appeals,
and mi scellaneous arti cles aggregat ing payi ng oash.
and agreeing to pay $2 5 per month unti l the balanc e was pa i d , He
re cei ved and re tained a folder heari ng hi s name and address, showi ng
be pa i d monthly and on whi ch were to he noted subseque nt purcha sed
and payments. At the bottom was a notat i on “Carryi ng Charged
A12m e m e t ine he si gned a pri nted form headed WAGE aesmm m ,
contai ni ng several blanks. Thi s form, before the blanks were f i lled
i n, was undated, a cknowledged rece i pt of merchandi se of ( blank )
value and reci ted an agreement or the defendant to pay a . ( blank )
sun per ( blank ) peri od for the use and hi re of the merchand i se
hereafter to treat thi s agreement as a eentraet of sale at the pri se
cee i s is: ze xept
, 1g exam Geez erfl eq c bane; e; vcreLUai go eeni eaa
panecrgen. pe sneer an} ? vaneeeeug e a e se eri eeg e; eats an ape bnyee
“new 7c tpb fl rq pa gans awn bxebexei ex eateeet vz'
81 tFU cane she
ever: set weteeq w ee 0 1 eye mu aeeeeeeae ewe 9 6 3 6 1 9 113 bsxe'
sen be; ( prefix) be z roq i en she a te ewe eyes on eye ne i eueuqree
ari as seq neerree we afieeeeeeg e; apt eez eeewur he he h e ( prefix;
Gonawrwvufi Beeseer prvuxvi
eera ae z nԤW% @ L b are prevea ha ys errrsq
eve be imenge' V8 gee pereem eee e nereezeu agene i refi upendeg
spa eeeeee e; me npperqyee beneee eeq’
.rye eeee'
eese’gee eeeeyg ae
eve waxeerna re bei 53 9 be; we uee seer] gee peyeue e a . s herq*
\fi e
eeq ereeexxenee e a eeerez ee eddeedeggnfi eei e” eez yefi seep e age
'gg
i
In efiheewpe k reee i ez eeeevc be nepwese exam breresz z z anxnsee ee
Jeane peaywan peen'
eprerneq*gaz efi gee p fi bfi fifi j fi‘
snbboxseq pi e B ee 3 L¥ 8 1 ne e di ee ree~
know epye eLqe L’
s Qe ni‘zq meee ewe eereeeq gee degewqewg'
on energy or fijw¥H $ILL’
jeqfl mena ge egeug ea eeeeh zei°
on ed ge; pexe ee {we Osu Lg erefifins
Lon eeei‘ee
*ngeeeeenc awe glee” Ia eas eh sheave sue eemaee
“ape
brfi i nz rai severe ee ieefieeee he oeueeworoe seern eg qaeefi eews
time V den eager"
0 4 eeeTCTevr eefiee-
ee cerevee
é ;Peeemmo v We“? LHQE eeeee
$10
03 9 9 3
‘fiIQP G‘l@ fl qfi fi & cxgreee meetsxxseoe lsu nereenp 0 1, pra onIJEs
refs Jessas see sees 8 exexfrfl fl f enbz elafi at eye
£1184 3 9° eexz esaz t a; seale rs sets?at scoresease th e“saaa spsz I“
In lfl DbO Lfi at woezeu £0 averse ass loogsest'brerwsrxn
new; use sfiaoeq oboe possess qegesosna see bxsfncygg*
ebbxxoq edersog cps soboj e Pfi lsnce soar; s fid i g Bld GfiQ Ll si essdoe
0: p7 3 ”essays exes brsrnarta“ one saw: as? sowek use five £0 9 3
fi rst: oatswseve ee iree when save as weee vfis £0 L Lonesex neveeozserefl n
ask ss‘tle
se‘wasseceervfi ease age eye use as ea page pi ape;
gyve 993 1 fiaeo aegesqese s noee rbe’
Lo oe z aoq so e egqesoe‘oeeeq
oon ,c so as} ; oomereea 1: oroaoq‘one ea of}
: eyes as ass gonsynn he ”!
ab oast . ppoas$ one hem egosjs pose asagpes Laos ask one IL loo
xebrxos‘
«IL i on eff} seas a he i nous a; gas goyxane’x as} ; bros
spa {si nygsne has; ewe aeye aee oegesgsos Loom assasen seamefie’
nyeyocri i‘so seaboaso so qeaaeeaae ,e Le oa u og eyes bxeru crli rose
cfia ersd Loo: ago shoes; apex go eat at raga he“afi eh
‘G fieerfi fi g s 0 ;
go prn use spec r; ass onegosmak go srfin an ssordsmeon apes bsn~
obsess ease sysex 35 3 3 fl pe bn z ugeq gone gas; has ouj i pszoa sore
ostefl evwsseasz eees eyessass as artuae spa ease se arexweue 9 3 1 see
qegeuqsuc z Lom are xoqe ngeasose~
axeyscrxg 0 LL6L6 § no eargefi ee'
spa gohyrpano sages as edneeaeaa epz ep sofsoeoq aha qz eooea fio g
waxes setessene pas exie ae te’ one sees b3 3 3 3 :1££ are L eboeaesese
eyessee veeyfiuu sng ass aq possess ox aj i oaegrone msqo pl byszsgrz ;
ipo qei enee nndoe so see woefon £0 se nat e spa q doeos use
ope ns on eye LO IQ Q L geese xxs”
on npz op'
qegonqssg erases as gene eeeo goo behooves one goo gees
Art’
se é es‘
eebeewpcn e‘rese'Ivefi aee 0; eeboeapen Jr
“ass ease
tee“senor eeee° se‘was e onesak asleeuefi see
“ass veerdmesne
go opon. gpo seeooeuqrae henopoooq 3 3 Q 2*
§a’ oessi xsd opssdos a
sore 0” solvers ex bei nvvkfi‘ EIWTB STLI LIT 6s In 3 8 8 PIQ UKG
iagfimooc one sscponxnl go ease boeeeseyos e; ego mesopeuqrss
that at no time an that date di d he assure defendant that defendant
would be released frem hi s indebtedness te pla i nti ff; that he
never stated to defenfl ant tha t “i f defenaant would permi t certa i n
tarni ture ta be repoesoeeed , that sa i d aerendant would be released
and di eehnrged tram. hi a ind ebtedness to pla i nti ff, ” Pla i nti ff
alga fi led an affidavi t of the attorney represent i ng i t on the
tri ala sett i ng up offerts te locate Shay ana i nabi li ty to do so
When aefendant si gned the wage a ssi gnment wi th. the blanks
.a; 1 i 4 43 msr. 252 Ill. App . 545 , The i nserti ons
to preauee Shay on the tri al , ana the granti ng of plai nt i ff's
moti on for a new tri al refi ted in the di screti en or the tri a l court
fna order apgealed tram i s aff i rmed
fifi tepfl gc‘b
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i ncludi ng defendant , had been gi ven an opportuni ty to l ease
one of the reaedeled apartments ba t defendant i nsi sted
upon keepi ng the apartment on the loth floore Th e answer
also asserted need of defendant's apartment du ri ng the
renedeli ng to a oooamddate a tenant as ept i ng a lease of a
reuedeled apartment; and urged want of Juri sd i cti on to va c at e
the Judgment beoaase of the lapse at more than 5 0 days aft er
After heari ng evi dence tending te support pla i nt i ffs'
answer the sourt deni ed defendant's pet i ti on for want of
Juri sdi ct i ons After the court had stated\hi s posi t i on as
to the vaeat i en of the Judgment , defendant asked leave ta amend
hde peti ti on to ask fer the further stay of the wri t of rest i
tati en . The eeart deni ed thi s moti ons We fi nd no error i n i ts
ruli ngs. The appli eat i en te vacat e the Judgment was f i l ed
toe late . (sees ale Huni eipal Court Aet , 111 . Rev; deat . 19 45 ,
d: the tri al eenrt to st ay the wri t of resti tut i on i ndefi ni tely,
does not she! obese of di sereti en unraverable to defendant .
AFFIRMED,
3 .
August 25 and to rei nstat e the cause was allowed . The case was
theat heard, The eeurt found defendant gui lty of wrongfully
wi thholdi ng pe eeee ei en of the premi eee i n quest i on and ordere d
that the wri t er resti tut ien be stayed. 5 days. Sep tember 15 ,
pursuant to not i ee, the part i es appeared before a th i rd judge
and an orde r was entered ecnti nu i ng the matt er unti l the next day
at whi ch t ime the court arderea that the Judgment of September
4 , 194 5 , be vacatede wee Judgment erder further rec i tes tha t
judgment'
plai nti ff pre eeeutes thi s appeal, and dept ember 19 ,
fi led i ts net i ee of appeal and i ts veri fi ed pet i t ion whi ch
purperte to set up the taste i n the ease, from whi ch i t appears
at di smi eeal was entered August 25 ; that i t was tendered for the
three manta; then due on the 11th . ef September but that plai nt i ff
There was as warrant i n law for enteri ng the Judgment of
for'pla i nti tf, Judgment was ente red on the f indi ng; and on
Septei ber'
lé u the denet was wi thout authori ty i n agai n heari ng
the ease and findi ng defendaet net gui lty, fer the sole reesen
that she had tendered the rent en September 11 and agai n on
the 14; At that stage of the proce edi ng plai nt i ff was not
The Judgeent at the Muni c i pa l eourt of Ch i cago ap pealed
from i s reversed and the eense remanded wi th di re ct i ons to
REVERGED AND‘
REHANDEB WITH DIREGTIGNS .
Hhtehett , P. J . , and Ni emeyer; J . . eeneur,
gwi vs engen fiwa cagakaq sfih@ @ srnfi qegz nqwfi ga , sb% e9 3 pang*
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20
Goorott and Elsie Cocroft , hi s wife , executed the ir prommi eeory
note payable to bearer for due five hears aft er da te
wi fih i nterest at 5 per cent per annum and to secure the
payment, on the same day executed their trust deed conveying
the prcni eee in. que et i on to the Chi cago T itle Trust Company,
Trustee . The promises were improved by a 2 and one-half story
and basement frame residence loca ted i n Evanst on . The property
was originally owned by Edward Rm Hell who sold it to the
soorcft e who hook in part payment the note and trust de ed.
Some 6 month: aft erward the Goerofte eold . the property to
defendants¢ fl annel Biok Pryoo and Eliz abeth Drew Pryce , hi e
wi t for oanh and theynae eamod the mort gage .
When the indebtedness come due June 25 , 19 5 3 , Edward R . Hall ,
by hi s men, Edward Bu Eoli ¢ and defendants, executed a writt en
agreement cxtenfl i ng the time of payment for a period of 5 years
or until June 83 . local Ana on June 25 , lone, the some parties
executed another agreement ext ending the t ime of payment of
the $en, ooe for a period or 5 years or unt il June 25 , 19 45 .
thonld pay on a eoeunt of the principal on. or before
June 25 , 193 9 , the i ndehtofineeo evidenced by the note for
would be reé uced to anfi the rat e of interest
to 4 per eon; upon the $8GQ Q OO . By the terms of the
extension agreements all of the provisions of the trust de ed
exccet no there in changoé o ageni d continue i n forc e and effec t .
Ho port of the ment ioned was P3 15 0 M ay 3 , 1941, the
song Edward B, Kali , wrote defendant, Samuel Pryce saying :
“When the not e union I hole for any father's a c count, secured
by mortgage on your residence at the above address, [17 3 5 Chi cago
Am e , mvm n on, Illinois] comes one i n June, 194 5, I hereby
agree, if you request i t, to renew the loan for another period
ans 1 x\at epoxewxcos nan spa gw O L_ 3 p® mencaafi b ama z e
vp I 3 71? bax are LJL ag heab ’ax gpv aeoomq
z en vyoae ai a‘ooe
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3 0 ~h$3meug Q L Ingaheec fi e a mfi qa ap exewggem*
urea seen barqnenq afie Ingfi aaas awa haxa £6 EH UG se‘Iaé g pH:
~
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4 .
the mortgage was one or the assets belengi ng te the estate
of Edward 3 , He ll , decea sed , of Whi ch . he was a ct i ng as
exncuter; that fine mertgagc was left i n trust wi th . di re ct i ons
as to fii npe ei t i en cf the money; When pa i d; tha t“I am not
parti cularly inkere eted in a reducti on of the pri nc i pal amount .
It i s my euSy to make the fund produce as mu ch i ncome as possi ble
and at the same ti me preserve the fund so far as poeei ble for
“If your offer i s te pay and wi pe out the mortgage ,
I thi nk that I can say at pressat that the offer i s re j e ct ed .“
Atterward, July 28, 194 3 , er. Pryc e agai n wcc$e plai nt i ff
ackncwledgi ng the let t er ef June 17 , stati ng that he had re cently
soli ci ted several part i es as to the value of the preperty and that
“The coe eeneee cf opimi an se ems to be that the pla c e
wi ll not bri ng were than i t sold at forced sale . I enculd
corroct wi ll waggest the fellewi ng preposi t i on .
full valuet ien cf the prc rEy, field mertgage to run for at
least fi ve year! wi th the pri vi lege cf renewal for a se cond fi ve
ere-payments er $59 0 cr mnlt i elea thereof on. any interest day
”We beli eve thi s i s the maxi mum tha t can be real i z ed
tren thi s property and feel that we ehonle rece i ve consi derat i on
ahead or any pessi ble buyer at the same fi gure .“
Pla i nt i ff di d not reply to thi s lett er unt i l gay 15 ,
1944 , when he refers to de fendants'let t er of June 15 , 19 43 ,
at all sati sfaetery, and at thi s t i me I wi ll be pleased to re ce i ve
No . 1
Fi ai s E . Ba
Appealfilli i am
Ci rcu i t Court .
Wi lla-m Bo m m ,
wim ui t W t and wake/di ed i n i ta fl am e of December 16 ,
1044 , Whi ah, a a aforesai d . araerad thfi bank to pay to Fi nn
tha m 0 1? sum i nterest . 2mm decree also
di ami ssad a aamyla i nt, i n tha na ture or a bi ll of revi ew,
fi lad by fihe hank. agai nat Fi nn . during the pendenay of the
aeaaunti ng sui t , whi fih complai nt prayad for vacati on of the
(Em m a of M y 19 , 19 3 9 . on the m um of fraud , anal for
filam ent agai nst Firm. xi; la rm thi s deg ree of December 16,
the am pm m i n the nature of a bi ll of revi ew tha t thi a appea
ma w ti an a? 13m (Em mi: i n di smi ssi ng the compla int
i n the m ain or a bi ll of ravi ew wi ll fi rst be eonsi dered .
m an“ court and thi s 0mm?by hi e w atim ny in the earl i er
W adi ng, upon whi eh the M ar at! of M y 19 . 19 3 9 , was based .
In substance . thi s teatimm xy m s, am ora l-1g to the compla int ,
tha t i n the m li er proceedi ng, Fi nn falsely testi fi ed tha t he
Jam s, far the am of and tha t he pum hased the
x3i allow (m ath ; from Ja cobs for ghi a b was a
di fferent and separa te M en tion . The compla int alleges
Em m aw of Agreement batm an Henry
Jam bs and W. B . Fi rm : cf Garti f i ca te or
th i s Tartan 01mm hou se and p i cture show cu tti t .
Com to be 0m m on terms agreed on . by Cha s.
A . Gri dley . mm }. consi dera ti on
i ssua ba$waea than , ei tner by p1@ &fi i ngs or i n faet . If no
a fimi fitefi by aha bank . In efihar'
waré a , Fi an'a pcsi ti an was,
rel i ef unti l the api ni cm at thi s Court was fi led , Oc tober 15 ,
Vm fl $ 7 74 4
Agenda No . 7
Appeal tram the
fiacon County.
whaae, J . £3 ZE1013A . g;d?77
waste an allawance ef for Plaintiffs'soli ci tor's
In har parti ti aa complaint , M i lli e stombaugh alleged
tha questlaus ra i sed by the fiafandant i n th i s appea l by i ts
fi ndi ngs i fi the ease mf Btombaagh v . morey, supra , wherei n ,
at gas cfi unfierela ims thsy fi led .'Attenti en i s also ealled . to
di sfl regfl nai es i n rafaranae Be c ertai n navaleaaed mertgagas.
?h9 3 6 é i aerspanai es a g to i ntfirasts are fl a t auffi e i ent to
taan. unfiar her complai nt .”
fin fi nd that the sali eltor for the pla i nti ff properly
i n taxi ag casts against the property unless the Tri al Court
thi s Ga ga in the allowaaae of a ttorngy's fees as costs agai nst
Five Thousand Dollars Pla i nt i ffs answered the counter
cla im on mat ch 6th , 1943 .
On February 18 , 1945 pla int i ffs fi le d the ir m ended complai nt ,
making John D . Stab]. a new p arty defendant . To this m e nded
complaint m ono) . fi le d! hi s m ower and oountercmm , c la imi ng damage
in the em of Ten Thousand Dollars and a llegi ng sub
stant i ally what was contai ne d in the ple adi ng first fi led . John D .
Stan]. was charged with m ay driving his automobi le upon route
81 M anon he comm not do so wi th reasonable safety and wi thout wfi
giv ing any warni ng of bi o i ntention to do so . On April 2 , 1943 'stoll
fi le d hi s answer to the complaint and const erolam , cla iming to be
free from negli gence . en M m mbor 29 , 1944 plai ntiffs m ended the ir
w aded om laiat i nom osi ng the ad 6m m 1m One Hundred Thousand
Bollars ( M emooon and W ing tm defendant's now to appear
correctly. m m ly John 0 . atoll .
Thi s is what happened a» on Sunday a fternoon at about four
thi rty» a ch ar. M y day» roar automobi les were prooeodi ag southward
on Sta te Route 81 at a point about four mi les south of the Vi llage
of Halfday. foo hi@ way at m o point was paved with concrete and
consi sted of tow: lonoa of ten feet each . verandant atoll in
company wi th M a jor Tom letoo or the m o. Am y was dri v ing south
frm hi sW e 13 M ormon-ow oarom o go ohi oago. He drove his car
comple tely off the pavement onto the west shoulder and stepped and
fixed the left si de or the hood whi oh baa become unraotene d . The
seoond oar appeari ng on tm scene was tha t of é efenaant cla rence
M i chal . He was arm i ng soothwaré , oooupying the m at lam ,“
traveling at about twenty mi les per hour , and a c compani ed by his
wi fe who was riding i n the front seat wi th him . The third on was
driven by clarenoe's 13m m r, George M ahal It was proceedi ng in
the some lano at the am rate of speed oofl about fi fty feet to the
rear of his brother . who men u brot hers had oom from the own er
hem of George which was loc a ted in How l-y, Illi noim ahout th irty
mi les from the scene of the acc ident . on: fourth car. oocmpi ea by
Lance vnq can neppraq «sq wcxncg 9 si t e’sfi q pra sex: came ctoaavseu
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hhd t transpi red after the colli sion must be gi ven some
attention . George mi ehml test i fi ed that htoll was leavi ng the
scene of the acci dent; that he stepped him. wi th the warni ng tha t
he was the cause of tho aeoldant and should wa i t for the poli ce;
and that M oll ami d,"them 19 N othing the mat ter wi th me , to
hell wi th man ila further testi fi ed that M oll was m‘oli ng,
amelled of li quor, dhd i n hi s op i n i on was drunk . Ellen M i cha l
testi fi ed that her husband Glaxonod stopped the Stall car,and
that she ta lked to 8 t011¢ She told ham. that he had caused the
aooi dant and was not going away. h is reply to her was that he
was on hi s way to ohi dagh and “di dn't have timh to bother with
these people". hha tuxdhar related that he "started
he was bldrryb eyod and smhlled of li quor , dnd further sa i d ,"I
As to thi a feature of hho ovoht,otoll test i fi ed, that
hajor Tomwleton, upon di sooveri hg tho seri ousness of the ac c i dent ,
wont to the nearest toldphono and called for the poli ce and an
ambulance . He admi tted that, whi le wai ti ng for the M a jor's rot dr n,
he was si tt i ng in hi s ear and was apprhaohed by a man and lady who
sai d ha was reoponsi hle for thd aooi dent ohh d he repli ed, tho¢“
lr
you wi ll exami ne my traoha on the shad e , i ndi cat ing my gradua l
approach to the highway, you wi ll see i was in no way responsi ble .
”
Stall farther testi fi ed that he ahowod the poli ce off i cer hi s
tracks, gave him his name dhd other i nforma ti on re quested or him
by the poli ceman . whereupon he left the scene of the d ec i deht with
the offi cer's permi osion . he testi fied that he had one drink be fore
di nner and was not i ntoxi cated .
Russell Bott test i fi ed that he was a member or the Deerf i eld
poli ce force and deputy sheri ff of Lake oounty, and that he ohms to
the sodas of thi s acc i dent as the result of a phone call . Be
corroborated h tollvo aooount with respect to the automob i le tracks
on the shoulderaand sai d he talked to and observed the defendant
and. t¥3§fha was not i n any way under the i nfluence of l i quor .
atoll automobile,and should have reasonably anti cipated tha t i t
woald turn “ma nly in front or the ni che]. ear find should have
an tic ipate“ m m ow i ng of the M ichal car to the laro,eh a. if
she hoe done so and managed her oar with due regard to those
conditions, the oooi dom:wonlé not have happened . Appe llant's
counsel oi te m y cases i n support or their argumen t , but all are
clearly di m inguisha’
hle from the inatant c ase . we do not believe
that the court erred i n overruling defenoant'a motions for direct“
verdi ct, nor do we holievo that tho jury m : not Justi rioa in
finding by QM ?w N i om that both plainti ffs were i n the exerc ise
or M e com gaittheir own m i nty.
Appellant further oom onda that the verdict: were excessive,
and that the trial court erred i n giving certain i nstm ot iona
“n ewto dw m Im tm ohi oh um ber two h f”
stat e d ‘ tha t i t
was unnecessary for any wi tness to have expressed an opinion on
the m um:of 6m m 3,hut that the jury oould "w ho ouch estimate
from the foot: and oi romnstam eo in proof . " ha d in instruction
nm hor thu s thi s lam agfl woo um d fl in determining the amoun t or
“w a s. the Jury has the rimt to and should w ho i ota considera
tion all the roots and oi roumotam oo as proved by the evidence
before them ." It wi ll he noted that in ne i ther i nstm cti on wan
the jury's dotom i hofhioa of tho m um; of damages limited to the
w i dow s with rotoronoe to damages. In Garvey v . The Chicago
Rai lways Gum m y, om 37 6 o im am instm oti on cont ained this
language : ”In de termi ning the amount of am m o have a right
to take into con sideration on me facts aha oi roumstancos you
believe are proved by the w i donoo before you ." In cox-16m i n;
the giving or that i notm oti oh , but not ration-sing therefor. the
court son :“An inotm ot ion which does not require the assessment
or dam e" to ho based upon en hance as to am ass for whi oh the
law an on recovery}: is improper." ( Illinois Central Rai lroad
Company 7 . Johnson, 281 m . he do not believe the appellant
is i n a posi ti on to ten advantage or this error in thi s court .
was a c ontusi on of h i s stoma ch wh i ch the doc tor sa i d nec e ssi t a t e d
an op era t i on where i n e i ght i nches of th e small i nt est i ne were
r emoved .Dur i ng the p e r i od of hosp i t ali 7 a t i on h i s c ondi t i on wa s
pronounc ed cr i t i c al for sev era l we eks. M any b lood t ra nsfusi ons
wer e gi v enU
nr i ng the f i r st four months of h i s i llne ss, h i s we i ght
dropped from 15 5 pounds t o 8 7 pounds. Inbeptnmb er ,
19 4 1, Orban
went home from the hospi tal ,but from th a t t i me unt i l M ay,
19 44
he wa s C onf i ned to h i s home, and for a gr e a t er por t i on 0 f that t i me
was i n bed . By M ay ,19 4 4 ,
th e le ft leg a troph i ed ,shr i v alled
,and
short ened unt i l i t was four and one -half i nches short e r andg two
th i rds the si z e of h i s r i ght li mb . At the t i me of the a c c i dent
M r . Orban was 48 years of age ,and dur i ng the year pr i or th ereto
earned as a tool mak er . he ev i denc e abundantly shows
Orban to b e a c omplet e physi c a l wr eck . We do not beli ev e
was exc essi ve .
The c ourt i n passi ng on defendant's mot i on for a new tr i al u sed
the followi ng language“The v erdi c t i s so hi gh a nd ther e i s some
other peculi ar c i rcumst anc es ab out the c ase , pa rt i cula rly that th i s
defendant wa s not made a p arty unt i l four days b efor e th e two ye ars
had expi red ,a nd th e oth e r def endant be i ng la t er d i sm i ssed out of
the c ase the la st moment . It i s a pe culi ar c ase . Howev er ,I c annot
gr ant a new tr i a l Just b e c ause a c ase i s pe culi ar ,I mu st hav e some
alleged grounds for gr ant i ng a new tru i a l .
” We agr ee wi th the c ourt
tha t th i s i s i ndeed a pecu li ar c ase . Inde ed i t i s so str angely
peculi ar that we beli ev e th at Ju st i c e demands that thi s c ase be re
tr i ed .
The t est i mony of the two M i cha l fami li es i s so i nh erently i mpro
bable and contr a di ctory that i g'
i s worthy of li t tle b eli ef . Clar enc e
M i chal,i n February,
19 42 ,was a defendant . Lat er he f i led hi s c ount er
c la im ,c la i mi ng damages ln the sum of and chargi ng the
Orbans solely,wi th c ausi ng h i s i n jur i es. He spec i f i ed i n h i s plead
i n a st ate of i nt oxi c a t i on as descr i bed by the M i chals.Th e poli ce
man! was c ert a i nly i n a posi t i on to know ,and i t wa s h i s busi ness to
know i f Stoll was i ntoxi c at ed .He wa lked and ta lked wi th Stoll , and
he was shown the tra cks that h i s c ar ha d ma de on th e gr ass shoulder
as he ha d gradu ally“nudged
“ h i s way b e ck onto th e pa v ement . The
tra cks showed no abrupt ,forty—f i ve degre e turni ng of h i s c ar .
The pla i nt i ffs'c ase was almost wholly dependent u pon the
t est i mony of the M i chals fami li es. Inher ent i n th e t e st i mony of
Clarenc e M i chal are so many i mprobab i li t i es and contra di c t i ons
tha t i ts falsi ty i s demonstrat ed . Hi s story, a s r ela t ed on the
wi tness st and when c onsi der ed i n li ght of hi s dec lara t i ons made
prev i ously , i s qu i te c ontra di c tory to th e laws of uni versal human
exper i enc e ,and i s b eyand the li mi t s of human b eli ef . The other
M i chal wi tnesses wer e doubt lessly under the domi na t i on of Clar enc e
lM i chal,a nd the i r cre di b i li ty consequ ently loses i ts we i ght .
The
Jury was nev er told abou t the i nconsi st ent and contr adi c tory posi
t i ons taken by Clar enc e M i chal i n hi s plead i ngs and h i s t est i mony .
Fou ndat i on for h i s i mp ea chment should have been la i d . Upon a r etr i al
th i s wi ll doubtlessly not be ov erlooked .
In v i ew of the unsat i sfa c tory char a c t er of the proof offer ed on
ibehalf of the pla i nt i ffs, and i n v i ew of the conv i nc i ng chara cter
of the di r ect and posi ti ve pr oof of a c ompletely d i si nt erest ed
'wi tne ss off ered on b eha lf of the defendant ,
we hav e re a ched the
conc lusi on that the ver di c t s i n th i s ca se are c ontr ary to the
mani fest we i ght of the ev i denc e .
Cause rev e rsed and remanded for new tr i al .
REVERSED AND REM ANDED
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A M rs. He i nema n ,who Iev ad i n Hi nsda le
,Illi noi s
,
owned a li fe e st ate i n a busi ne ss property,wh i ch prop erty
aft er h er de ath was sold to the happs.
Th i s r ea l esta t e wa s
loc at ed i n Hi nsda le , and sha ll b e r eferred to her ea ft er i n th i s
op i ni on as the walgr e e n prop e rty .Next t o th i s prop
e rty ,there
was loc a ted the Oswa ld bu i ld i ng . In th i s Oswa ld bu i ldi ng Rapp
conducted a bakery busi ness, and on the se c ond floor of i t Walk er
had h i s off i c es wher e he c onduc t ed h i s r eal est a te busi ness. Wa lker
had been a re si dent of the v i llage of Hi nsdale for more than twenty
years, and throughout thi s per i od wa s a duly li c ensed rea l e st ate
broker .He wa s the managi ng agent of the Oswa ld bu i ldi ng , and i n
tha t capa c i ty had many busi ness tr ansa c t i ons wi th Rapp . Wa lker
a lso sold Rapp‘s r esi denc e to hi m i n the Vi llage of Hi nsdale .
Walker's test i mony c onc ern i ng hi s deali ngs Wi th Rapp i n
the i nst ant c ase runs a s follows. 3 ome t i me dur i ng th e year
19 4 5,
'R app came to Walker's off i c e and st at ed th e t i nasmu chas
h i s b akery busi ness was prov i ng qu i te prof i table he was a c cumulat
i ng some sur plus money wh i ch he desi r ed to i nvest , and that he
was thi nk i ng of buyi ng a busi ness bu i ldi ng , and asked Walker to
se e what he c ould f i nd for hi m . Walker t old hi m that the Oswa ld
bu i ldi ng had be en for sale and that the pr i c e was around
Rapp's re ply was that i t was someth i ng to th i nk about , and asked
wha t else he ha d t o offer . Walk er and Ra pp t alk e d of sev e ra l
oth er p i sses of property that mi ght be purchased and the pr i c es tha t
mi ght be c onsi dered . Th en M r . Rape i nqu i red about the Walgre en
property,and M r . Walker's r eply was that M rs. He i n e man had a li fe
est at e i n sa i d property , and that i t would not be ready for the
market unt il and aft er h er d e ath . Aft er thi s lenghty di scussi on ,
Rapp told Walker that he would look ov er some of the se proper t i es
and‘would talk to h i m lat er .
Walk er furth e r t est i fi ed that on tha t same day, h e t ele
phoned Rapp to c ome to hi s off i c e .wh er eupon , h e r elat ed to hi m
all the conversat i on he had had wi th Corbi n .happ repli ed th a t
the pr i c e was r i di culou s; that no one wou ld pay so much for such
an old bu i ldi ng . Rapp sa i d he want ed to se e the lea ses,
and tha t
he would li ke to know the cost of ma i nta i ni ng th e bu i ldi ng and
the taxes. On Dec ember 2 3rd ,M r . Corbi n c ame t o Wadker's off i c e
and brought all the leases exc ept the one on the pr emi ses oc cup i ed
by Walgr e e n . Walker t old Corb i n that that wa s the one that Rapp ,
a prosp ect i be purchaser ,was i nt erest ed i n se e i ng ,
and th at h e would
li k e to have i t i n hi s off i c e soon for Rapp's i nspect i on . On that
day M r . Corb i n and M r . Walk er v i si t ed all the t enants i n the Wa lgre en
property and not i f i ed th em of the change i n management . On the
same day,Wa lk e r r equ est ed Rapp to come to hi s of fi c e aga i n . On
th i s oc c ase i on Rapp i nspec t ed the lea se s a nd i nqu i r e d abgd’
th e one
wi th Walgre ens, whereupon i t wa s expla i ned that i t would be av a i l
able ln a f ew days. Rap p st ated a t that t i me that the r ent als
should b e i ncr eased c onsi der ably M r . Corbi n sent by ma i l the
Walgreen le ase to Walker on Dec ember 5 1 , 194 3 .
so , on January 4
,
19 44 , Rapp was aga i n c alled to Wa lker's off i c e when h e wa s shown
the Walgr een lease whi ch cont a i ned a r ent al f i gure of $25 0 . On
thi s v i si t Wa lker and Rapp d i scussed th e t axes, i nsur anc e and he at
i ng cost .Also
, on th i s oc c asi on Rapp i nf ormed Walker that he
was not i n a posi t i on at that t i me to make an of fer i nasmuch as
he was not sur e about hi s draft st a tus, that i n the ev ent h i s c lass
i f i c at i on was changed and he should be i nduc t ed i nt o mi li t a ry
serv i c e,he would not want t o undert ake such a b i g dea l.
Thr oughout the month of January, 19 44 ,M r . Rapp and
M r . Walker had sev eral i nt erv i ews on thi s sub jec t . At one of them
M r . Repp st at ed that h e would not pay more than for the
property , and that he was st i ll unwi lli ng to make a n offer . He
wi thout selli ng hi s resi dent i al property i nasmuch a s hi s busi ness
was i mprov i ng; and that he had some f i nanc i al b a cki ng .
It was i n June ,19 44 tha t M r . Ra pp and one of hi s employees
named Schmi dt came to Walk er's off i c e and d i scussed a matt er i n
volv i ng Sch i mdt and an a t torney from Downers Grove by the mane of
Carlson . It seems th at R aps di sli ked Walk er's a t t i tude i n the
mat t er and ma de thi s stat ement ,“I wi ll have no mor e busi ness wi th
you ; thi s i s goi ng t o be unprofi table , and I wi ll do no more gu si
ness wi th you at a ll .
“ Th i s concluded Walker's r elat i onshi p wi th
Rapp . A read i ng of th e r ecord d i scloses that th e for egoi ng sub
stant i ally deta i ls most of th e deali ngs betase n Wa lk e r and Rapp
a s t est i f i ed to by Walker .There were a few other v i si t s and
i nt erv i ews and i nc i dents, a rec i t a t i on of whi ch would unduly length
en thi s opi ni on wi thout servi ng any helpful purpose .
Rapp t i ck the st and on b ehalf of appellant ,Carl Vendley,
and test i f i ed that he nev er d i scussed wi th Walk er th e sub ject of
the Walgre en property i n hi s li fe . Rapp t est i f i ed that he f i rst
learned that the property i n quest i on mi ght be for sa le i n Apr i l
or M ay, 19 4 4 , and tha t he ga i ned such i nforma t i on fr om Wi lli am Laue ,
a plumber i n Hi nsdale . He further t est i f i ed tha t i t wa s not unt i l
the lat ter part of June , 19 44 that he f i na lly learned of hi s deferr
ment by hi s draft board; that up t i ll tha t t i me he ha d no i nt erest
i n purchasi ng any property; that th en he went to c ell on M rs.
He i neman and found that sh e was not at home; that upon telephon i ng
M rs. He i neman's resi dence ,he was i nformed by Pearl Dumphy tha t
M rs. He i neman had him to the Chi cago Ti t le and
Trust Company when he i nqu i r ed c oncerni ng the st a tus of the Wal
green propertyl
Ra pp further t est i f i ed th at he oslled John Kavenaugh , h i s
persona l a ttorney,who i ntroduced h i m to Car l Vendley; that Vendley
i nterv i ewed Rapp some t i me i n August ; and th a t i t wa s through h i m
solely tha t he acqu i r ed i nformat i on about the Walgreen bu i ldi ng ,
and asso through h i m that a ft er sev eral offers the bu i ldi ng was
f i nally purchased for th e sum of f i fty f i ve thousand
6
c i t ed by both appellant\e nd appelle e i n the i r br i efs, we ar e Ju st
i f i ed i n c onc ludi ng ihat asshmi ng tha t ther e was a v a li d li sti ng of
the property i n quest i on by the pla i ntiff wi th Walker ,a n sumi ng
that the tr i al c our t pla c ed cr edenc e i n the t est i mony of
then th e r esult i s i rr esi stable th at Walker was the procurr i ng
c au se of the ssle of the Wslgreen property and thus enti t led to
the commi ssi on for selli ng the same .
It se pesrs th at walker was the fi rst p er son t o t a lk to Rapp
about th e purchase of th i s p rop erty . It was Wa lker's effort s that
develop ed i n Repp a desi r e t o buy.
wh ereis barker i s the eff i c i ent
c au se of produc i ng a pur chaser who i s r eady and able to buy upon the
t erms fi xed by the owner ,the broker wi ll be ent i tled to the c ompen
sat i on agr e ed upon . Grooms vs Fggyer Engi ne er ingComgany 3 7 4 Ill .
115 , 12 5 .
In the case of_3 rsnc i sco vs lemsn 25 0 Ill .
App . 4 5 , the
WM?pla i nti ff Fra nc i sco was a r eal est ate broker and the defe ndant
Coleman/
li sted wi th Frenc i sc o a ferm_i n
”uPage County wh i ch was
owned by Cole man and oth e r memb e rs'
b f h i s fami ly .
Thi s farm was
li st ed wi th Franc i sco i n Novemb er , 19 20 . On Dec e mb er 9 ,19 20
/%re nc i sc o i ntroduc ed Lee as a prosp e c t i ve purchaser ,to the owner .
Le e eventua lly bought th e farm by contr a c t made January 17 , 19 21
wher e i n th e fi rm of St ewart e Stockwell a c ted a s the brokers.
Fr anc i sc o br ought sui t to r e cov er asbroker's commi ssi on and th i s
court s 4 60 : "Th er e i s no d i enut e ebou t Lee hav i ng be en
f i r st1 th e pla int i ff a nd i t cannot be ser i ously doubted
th rt fl ee ne v er si v er ed i n h i s i nt ent i on to buy th e land from
the t i me h e looked at i t on Dec emb er 9 . It was not n e c e ssary gor
the tr i al Judge to det ermi ne Just wha t prompt ed lee to endeavor
\t Q
close the deal through some one else than th e pla i nt i ff .
It i s
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sh i ch se emed t o be suff i c i ent to
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them up wi th anoth f i rm was\ not the r esu lt of any de c i e
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The r elat i onsh i p b etwe e n walk e r and Rspp for more than
sev en ye ar s ha d be e n c ord i al .Th ey oc cuoi ed the same bui ldi ng ,
and
when Ranp had any r eal esta t e problems he enli st ed th e a ssi st anc e
of Wa lk er .He learned that the Ja lgr e e n property
- a c c ord i ng t o h i s
own t est imony —was on the marke t i n Apr i l or M ay ,
l 4 .He d i d not
bec ome angry wi th Wa lker unt i l the la tt e r pert of Jun e
,19 4 fl
.
seems unre asonable that he would turn t o a str anger i n th e r eal
e st a te busi ness t o h elp i n thi s tfir e
nsa ct i on r a th er than go upst a i rs
and see h i s old fr i end Wa lker .
“1 8 0 ,
Rapp feebly e xc la i me d h i s
sev eral proven v i si tfs to Wa lk e r's off i c e dur 1 og th e month of
Janu ary, 19 44 by st at i ng th at h e went th er e a t\thot t i me t o se cur e
a cont i nu at i on of hi s lease on hi s b ak ery prope rty . The ev i denc e
di sc lose s, howeve r ,
that on Dec emb er 15 , 19 4 3 , he h ad a lr e a dy
secur e d th t lea se .
On th e other hand ,th i s O b se rva t i on may be ma de wh i ch lends
sub oort to Reno's ver si on of wha t tr ansp i red i n thi s matt e r . In
June , 19 4 4 ,Rapp went to se e hrs. He i ne ma n at her r e si denc e a nd
found no one a t home .Th en he tsleobone d the r e si denc e and asked
f or M rs. He i n e man, and was i nformed by M rs.
Lumohy tha t sh e ha d
passe d away i n Dec ember , 19 4 5 . M rs.Bunchy,
a n uni mpea ch ed and
di si nt erest ed wi tness, corrobora tes Rsob as t o the c onversa t i on .
It does seem str ange th at R eno would c a ll for M rs. He i nema n i n
June , 19 4 4, i f he had be en told i n Dec emb er , 19 4 6 by Walker th a t
she ha d pa ssed away .
The tri al c our t saw and hear d Rape a nd Walt er test i fy .
He was i n a posi ti on to obse rve the i r d emeanor wh i le t est i fyi ng .
We are c onfront ed her e wi th the long e stabli shed ru le that wher e
there i s a confli ct i n the proof and the fa ct s and c i r cumstanc es
i n ev i dence ,bye fa i r and reasonable i nt endment , wi ll warr f nt the
f i ndi ng of the tri al court ,tryi ng a c e se wi thou t a Jury, r ev i ewi ng
c ourts wi ll r elu ct ant ly , i f ev e r ,d i sturb such f i nd i ng . Lowry vs
SECOND DISTRICT
February Term ,A . D . 1946 .
APPELLEEApp eal fem the C i r cu i tCourt of Wi ll County .
Dove ,J .
The Jury i n an automobi le ac c i dent c ase i n the c i rcu i t
court of Wi ll County r eturned a verdi c t of i n favor of
the pla i nti ff upon wh ich Judgment was ent ered and the defendant
has appealed .
The ac ci d ent occurred about 4 o'clock , P . M . on M ay 3 0 ,
l94 5 ,on U . 8 . Route 66 i n Wi ll County at a point where it i s
crossed by a county a i d bla ck tsp hi ghway known as Caton Farm
Road . It was rai ni ng and the pavement was wet . Route 66 runs
approxi mately north and south and Caton Fawn Road crosses i t i n a
general easterly and west erly di rec ti on . Appellant's car , a two
and one half ton Cadi llac ,was comi ng from th e west on Caton Farm
Road . She was dr i vi ng , acc ompani ed by her 84 year old mother ,
Appellee's c ar , a two door Chevrolet coa ch , was c omi ng from the
south en rout e to Elgi n , conveyi ng an i nsane pr i soner from the
peni tent i ary at M enard to the Stat e Hospi tal a t Elgi n , havi ng
previ ously left another pri sone r wi t h the au thori ti es at Champai gn .
woman on Loses so Erfiru‘
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preponderanc e of the evidence that th e a cc i dent i n que sti on and
resultant in juri es to Guy Ri gden if shown by a pr epond eranc e of
the evidense ,were caused by the negli genc e of the Def endant ,
fistti e Wagner Crosby, as alleged i n the Complai nt or some count
thereof , and that Guy Ri dden himself was i n the exerc i se of
erdi nary ears for hi s own saf ety at an d b efore the ti me of the
i njury, then you should find the Defendant gui lty .
”
Whe re the owner'of a car i s ridi ng in i t , he has not ,
only the ri ght to possessi on of i t but has such possessi on and. he
assessarily retai ns the pewer and the ri ght of controlli ng the
manner i n whi eh i t i s bei ng dri ven unless i t i s shown that he has
sentraeted away or abandoned that r i ght . He li kewi se has the duty
to central the an ew. (Palmer v . M i ller ,see 111 . 256 , see ) . The
questi on of erdi nary c are on the part of the dr iver of appelle e's
ear , as well as appelle e‘s swn ordi nary c are , was thus an element
ef appellee‘s ri ght to r esover . A fatal ob je ct i on to the 7 th i n
struc ti on, urged by app ellant , i s that i t:disrsgards the element of
ordi nary care on th e part of th e dri ver of appellee's car , and
di reste a verdi st . Whi le an instrue ti en. Wh i eh does not di rec t a
senS i dered tegethsr as a ser i es, ( Chi cage C i ty Rai lway Co . v . M ead ,
806 Ill . l7eg Chi eage Uni en Trasti en Co . v . Hawthorn , 211 111 .
i t i s well settled that where an i nstruct i on di rects a verdi ct ,
all the element s nec essary to sustai n such a verdi c t must be con
tai nsd i n the i nstructi on and .i t mesh an instructi on omi ts an
element nec essary for recevery i t i s not cur ed by other gi ven
instructi ons and the gi ving of sash an i nstruc ti on const i tutes
reversi ble error . (Hansen v . Trust Company of Chi c ago , 3 80 Ill .
194 , 197 5 Illi nois Iran and me tal Co . v . Weber , 196 Ill . 5 26 , 5 5 1;
Chi esge and Alton Ra ilm ad 0 0 . v. Kuekkuok , 197 Ill . 3 04; Cantwell
v . Eardi ng, 249 Ill . 5 54 , 3 58; Cremer v . Borders Goal Cc . , 246 Ill .
"should" take i nt o w nsi derat i on certai n elements. A bet ter
usage is that they”may
" do so . ( Rudi n v . Wheelock , 249 Ill .
App ellant also clai m that th e t ri al court erred i n
admi tt i ng the t est i mony of M r . Coleman , a non-expert wi tness as
to app ellee's mental and physi cal condi ti on after the a cc id ent .
The wi t ness test i f i ed th at he had known appellee for t en ye ars
pri or to the ac c ident and had liv ed a t h i s home a bout six years
just before the a cc i d ent happ ened; that hi s physi c al condi ti on
was "all ri ght
“and he was healthy and strong befor e the ac c id ent ;
that i n the acci dent he was "knocked out“an d was i n a da z ed
condi ti on whi ch lasted unti l he was taken t o the hospi tal; th at
"There i s a di fferenc e i n hi s cond i t i on as t o wh at i t was befor e
the a cc i dent . He just doesn ’t se em th e same as he used to be .
Isn't as cheerful and fri endly as he used to be . I can noti ce
a di fferenc e in hi s mi nd an d memory. He doesn't se em to remember
th ings as good as he used to ." He further t esti fi ed that he had
seen appellee every few days si nc e the ac c i dent up unt i l the ti me
of the tri al whi ch occ urred on January 51 , 19 45 .
It i s well settle d that b efor e a non-exp ert wi tne ss i s
ent i tled to express an Op i ni on as t o the ment al c apac i ty of
another person he must stat e suffi c i ent facts an d c i rcumstanc es
upon whi ch to base i t . The quest i on of whether the facts sta ted
form a suffi c i ent basis for such an opi ni on i s one for the tri al
c ourt to determi ne , and unle ss the c ourt has abused the di scret i on ,
the admi ssi on of such t esti mony wi ll not effect a reversal .
(satt v . Rob ins, 5 0 5 111 . vs, 82: Ergang v . And erson , 3 78 Ill .
5 12 , Long and i nti ma te acqu a i ntanc e a nd Opp ortuni ty to
observe the person whose mental capa ci ty is the sub j ect of
inqui ry is suffi c i ent t o permi t the expr essi on of an O pi ni on as
Abstract
IN THE APPELLATE C OURT as THE1
STATE cs i LLINOis
SECOND DISTRICT
FEBRUARY TERM ,A . D . 1946 .
0 . A .
NTIFM PPEILANT , APPEAL FROM THE
CIRCUIT COURT WPEORIA COUNTY
ANT-APPELLEE .
Dove , J .
Thi s c ause i s here uby an appeal from. a decre e of the
ci rcui t c ourt of Peor ia County, di smissi ng for» went of equi ty a
compla i nt i n a su i t by appellant a gai nst appellee for sp ec i fi c
performance of a wri tten Opt i on executed by appelle e's grant or ,
granti ng app ellant an opti on f or a le ase of 160 acres of marsh
land i n Marshall County for th e offi c i al duck hunti ng season of
19 44 .
App ellant had leased the premi ses from the owner for
the du ck hunti ng season ea ch year from 19 36 to 19 45 i nclusi ve , the
general proc edure bei ng to tak e an Opt i on each year for th e next
duck hunt i ng season . His lease for the 1945 season was preceded
by su ch an Opti on . On Octob er 6 , 1943 , be procured a writt m
opt i on from Georgi ana Y. pai nter , also known as Georgi ana Y . Palmer
Brown , the owner , for such a lease for the ofl i ci al duck hunti ng
season of 1944 , paying h er th er efor . Thi s opti on prov i di ng
for a rental of less the pa i d i n. the event the
opti on was exerc ised . The Opt i on provi ded tha t i t shall be bi ndi ngf
Oberon use encnora eq*
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are
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on com m so‘TBW'ebbeIIe e brow ses e sau cer Tease
app ellant had the ri ght at hi s ele ct ion , in case the i ssues were
found in his favor , to acc ept damages for non-performanc e or
accept such part, performan ce or sli ghtly different performanc e as
app ellee is able to make wi th or wi thout an abatement of th e sti pu
lated amount of rent or damages f or def i c i enc y of p erforman ce ; and
electi ng to acc ept a le ase for the off i c i al du ck hunti ng season of
1945 , i n li eu of th e lease spec i fi ed i n the O pti on,wi thout any
abatement of rent or damages for defi c i ency of p erforman ce , as a
full , complete and satisfactory performanc e on behalf of app ellee
The master's report , fi led January 24 , 19 45 , recommend ed
a decree in c onf ormi ty wi th app ellant's ele cti on . Appellee's 7 th
excepti on to the report , that th e master erroneously found tha t the
deed to appellee c aused a merger of th e leasehold and the fee ,
and that wpollee could not rely upon his right of p ossessi on
under his le ase , was overruled . All of app elle e's other exc epti ons
to the report were sustained, and the decree app e aled from was
The noti c e of appeal , filed Augu st 7 , 1945 , asks a re
versal and remandment ,wi th di recti ons t o enter a decree di recti ng
appellee to perform the opti on as nearly as possi ble by executi ng
and deli veri ng to app ellant a le ase of the premisso for the
offi ci al de ck hunti ng season next followi ng the entry of such
decree , wh i ch appellant agrees to acc ept a s a subst ant i al and
satisfactory performance of th e contract wi thout an y abatement of
rent or damages for def i c i ency ofpe zformance ; or ,awardi ng app ellant
W es i n the event of a d etermi nat ion that equ i ty i s now wi thout
Jurisdi cti on to enforc e such substanti al per formanc e , and for
other and further reli ef i n the premi ses as equi ty m y requi re .
The some reli ef is urged in ap pellant's statement of errors reli ed
m evidence discloses tha t the land i n c ontroversy
is i n the vi ci ni ty of Peori a , on the Illi noi s Riv er . Appellee
ppm m apomeq m am s N ew oz, my cfiw'm: 10 1. a rag es am 837 7 3 80 sam e
KEB‘Lsrmen- aya a oa fisq spa go aoxfi a g oxeae . pva L ov q Q O fi fip a; spa
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the south si de , and a cabin ,or club house , a short distanc e from
the read , near the cent er or th e south li ne .
It appe ars from the t esti mony of app ellant that he and
hi s assoc iat es had blasted out some ponds, and a di t ch leadi ng to
a di ke or a drai nage distri ct w ani ng a cross the northeast corner
or the land , i n order to get boats onto dry land , wi th a landi ng
of plafikfl and a boat m l: at th e di ke , sever al hund red yards north
of the southeast corner of the property. They had placed four duck
bli nds, made of bull grass tied or wi red to upri ght s dri ven into
the ground below water in a pond on the north pa rt of th e property,
where they di d thei r shoot i ng . These had t o be renewed each ye ar .
ther e is t i mber between the road on the south and the shooti ng pond .
The land i s also ov ergrown wi th brush and bullm sh es, a nd i t is
impossi ble to see any part of the pond or th e boars from the road ,
but to do so, one would have t o walk up the di ke on the east si d e
someth ing less than one-half mi le , and then west about 100 yards
to the boat lend ing . There was a path along that r oute , leadi ng
from the cabi n , wi th a foot br i dge .
Und er the terms of appellant's lease , firs. Palmer was to
furnish thr ee boats and not loso than fi ve doz en decoys . Appellant
testif i ed that she furnished two boa ts, and that anothe r boat was
furni shed. by hi m or his assoc ia tes, and that they wer e left at the
di ke a t the close of th e hunti ng season about December 21 , 1943 ;
th at the lessor ’e decoys, and t he cars, push paddles, some
gasoli ne drums and lamps, kerosene c ans, two wooden lockers,
cooki ng u tensi ls, aprons and towels belorg i ng to h im and his
assoc ia tes, were stored in the club house between hunt i ng seasons,
appellant and the lessor each w iring a key. Appellee test i fi ed
that M rs. Palmer di d not t ell him that appellant ha d a key . Aft er
the 1942 hunti ng se ason, appellant and hi s assoc i at es had made some
repai rs to the club house , some of whi ch were paid for by Mrs.
fl
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41“
thi ngs ov er for her . He testi fi ed that he "was a li tt le on
gua rd“ as he did not know app ellant . That app ellant t old him th at
he had shot ducks on the preponty and i nt ended to do so and t hat he
has. an opti on on it for the 1944. season from whi ch app ellee con
oludod that somethi ng was wrong, and sai d nothi ng ( bout having a
lease on the premises. He showed appellan t the push paddles and
appellant put them under the cabin where M r . Droll oould get them.
It i s i nsisted by appellant that the master's f indi ngs
should not be 611“d unless clearly oontrary to the manif est
wi ght of the evi dsnse is unt enable . In courts of rev iew that
M atti as is appli cable to fi ndi ngs of fast only wher e the master's
or where the sp urt has heard the evi denoe . It i s not appli c able
where the court did not hear the testi mony. The f i nd ings of the ma ster
are only advisory and are open for seasi d erat ion by the ohanoellor
and by a court of revi ew. (Jones v . Koepke , 587 Ill . 9 7 ,
the elect i on filed by appellant t o accept a lease i n li eu
of the lease spec ifi ed in the Opti on without abatement of r ent or
damages for defi c i ency in p erformanc e , as a full , complete and sati s
faatory perrsrmm a e on behalf or appellee urti er the Opt i on, was a
trai n s at any sla in for damages on aeoount of non-performance and
the answer to his contenti on that appellee's "
Fth exc ept i on to the
master's report m ognixsa his ri ght to slam damages i f the i ssues
are fauna in hi s fave? is, that th e ele cti on was not fi led. by
leave M court Or was appellee ever app ri sed thereof pri or to the
f i li ng sf hi s excepti ons t o the master's rep ort . App ellant took
the ini ti ative i n the pressedi ngs, and equ i ty requ i res tha t app ellee
should have been informed of the fi lim of t he el ec t i on befor e he ,
appellee , oould be “tapped by hi s exc epti ons to clai m that am ellant
has. waived any slam for W 3
As t o the quest i on of the merger or appellee's lease by
the taki ng of the dea d, the gene ral rule is th at when the tena nt's
rights of anybody else in the pro perty and were t old by her that
the land had been rent ed for the duck season only , tha t she was
bask i n p ossession and that th ere was noth ing outstandi ng aga inst
i t . Her assuranc e went so far as to show them a le ase or an Opt ion
on the 80 acres, with the statement that it was the only le ase or
option which was ever outstanding , She had a key t o the club house ,
and was appm nti y in sole possession ,and appellee did not know
that app ellant ha d a key. As t o the art ic les left i n the club
house , it i s not shown or ola i med that th ere was any general
osstom of Sp ortsmen in that p oepoet , and th e fast that app ellant
di d so does not establish suoh a oustos as would be noti ee to
appellee of his rights thereunder , i f any. ( Bissell v . Ryan, 23
111 . 666; Kell y 7 . Garm ll, 225 Ill . App . Appe llant
reeogni ssd Hrs.Palmer's right to have a key, and she was as much
in p ossessi on as he . Where the reoord owner of p rop erty i s i n
possession of property , and a second party is likewise i n p ossessi on ,
the possession of th e la t ter is not noti ee to purcha sers or Judgment
erod itors of rightswhich su ch p erson mayd ai m i n the premises by
his possession, but hi s p ossession , i n order to be suoh not i e e ,
must be sxelusi‘vs and unequim al . (Union Bank of Chicago v.
M ap , 517 I11 . 184 , 189 : Gray 7 . Lamb , 207 R I . Furthermore ,
the character of th e srti eles left i n the c lub house was such that
appellee might wel l assume that th ose of say c onsequenc e bel ong ed
to the promises, and that the others had been abandoned by the
former lessee .
While app e lla nt and hi s assoc iat es had blasted out a
pond and dit ch sad installed a wooden boat l anding and b oat rack ,
there is no showing or claim tha t they were inst alled exc ept for
use is the seasons when they were a et ually used , and no clai m i s
made tha t they did not belong to the lessor . After the expirati on
oi’
the hunti ng season their more preseaoe would not indic ate to
hosq seq sysop seq rssosrysq s sooqeu pose I q z ua s q p ose Leop‘
so cps basetsee’seq sp asape osuets poo posh spssqoseq pt ape
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st ages 0 ; sta tesmen rs spassesbsos‘seq op e ge e; apes ebb eyj sse
em s sw arm : w e of tow we so we se tmres setsm we strip
sated in good fa i th in the ir dealings wi th Mrs. Palmer , and the
eireumstaneeswere not suah aswould put app ellee upon notic e or
appe llant's rights before he procured. h i s lease . So far as the
reoord sh ows, M rs. Palmer was an available witness for either
effect , however , ca n be deduc ed fr om this fact helpful to one
or disparag ng of the ot her simply bec ause he di d not pr oduc e her as
a witness.
eppfi llee recor ded his lease on Jan ua ry 221 , 1 944 , the
day after it was obtained and he went into ac tual p ossession almost
im edia tely thereaf ter . Alth ough appel lant obta i ned hi s Option on
Qst o‘loer 6, 1945 , he di d not record it until M arch ll , 1944 , more
than a month aft er app ellee was i n sotual and not orious possessi on
maxim is tha t where the equities are equal , the law wi ll prevail ,
set whi ch oooasi ons a lose , he must stem. the loss.
Th is eonelnsi oa di spera es with th e neeessi ty of c onsid ering othe r
matters urged on this app eal .
Dec ree affirmed .
mes, James H . Peters assi gned his prospect ive interest i n his
mether's estate to Whi te , the consi derati on bei ng expressed ther ein
as and other good and valuable consi derati ons, the assi gnment
being 9.139 0 1t in its terms. wmt e reta ined the not e i n hi s
possessi ons and Peters made payments there on aggregati ng
the last of whi eh was on January 27 , 1928 . On Janm ry 4 , 19 5 8 ,
Whi te start ed sui t on the note in the oi reui t cou rt of whi t esi de
september 6, wed and at the time Whi t e di ed on July 533 , 1940 .
The note was i nventm-ied i n whi te's estate , rec i ti ng as
W unpai d balane e, with a sta tem ent of the p endi ng sui t , the
pleadi ng of Mary Peters that her name en the note was not her
si gnature, her subsequent death , and that the "assi gnment aforesai d
was ma de by sai d. J . M . Peters to the sai d Steve Whi t e upon the con
si derati en evi denced by sai d note ."
an Apri l 22 , the sw atar of Whi t e's estate
assi gm d to appe llees the not e and also assi gned to them the said
assignment of James H . Peters ts Whi t e . On Apri l 10 , 1945 wpellees
appeared in the sui t on the note am on thei r moti on the sai t was
di smissed, on Key 3 , 1945 . On June 2, 194A , appellees fi led thei r
peti ti on i n the county eeurt agai nst th e exeeutor alone asking
payment te them of the share of James H . Peters i n th e Mary Peters
the executer appealed to the ci rcui t c eurt .
appellant , James H . Peters, filed an
«n am e In these he alleged. the execut i on of the note , the
payment thereon, and claimi ng that the assi gnment was made
to secure its payment as colla teral only and seek ing to
lim it the m astery of app ellees to the m ount dw on the not e ,
um . W M M aim a m e name i n hi s passan i on and appellant
am tw m itt mmthe 3 mm , W am im his 11135111310 31 w keep i t
93 4, asm chasers
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mummy w mm film M M a tmm Whi te at film him the assi gn
m m m me tim i é W m M : We ei ghtsfilm on W e note .
m u m 's fim timw mm he did not knew of the pay
m um m ae a m rw m any m eeedm gs relating to the
will. at his mm . am thi s anom aloa and his testimony an the
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wi th thn elnnn wi‘
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314 Ill . App . 537 , i t was held
that an O rder di sabarging the male he Shaw cause was appeal
able, and after di scussing several earli er Illinoi s dec isi ons
m u m airan M im i: er m assessment ai a fine ,
141 111 . 665, the court held that m
W e and FM S , between the party insi sting upon abadi am a
m e ri ght to appeal i s in aim party, as in ether cases in
W W .“ In a 285 U . S ; 217 , i t was 1z2 d by
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se cure restoratm at the di verted praperty in arder to carry
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ta sai d Cloverdale Sta te Bank was i ssued by the Audi tor of
Publi c Ac counts cf the State of Illinai s an De cember 3, 1920 .
"On July 6, 1922, the Audi tor sf Publi c Accounts of
the State of Illi nmi s i ssufid hi s permi t to do banki ng busi
un July 8, 1922, duly fi led. far rec ord in. the Recorder's
ua'
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apocepeq ne seeneoe. re eeeee eeeee Beee*
were deposi ted wi th him. as part of the purchase pri ce at the
time of the sale under foreclosure , and that he had deposi ted
sai d bonds, together wi th many others, as part of the purchase
pri ce wi th the clerk of the Superi or c ourt, but that bends
numbered 109 and 110 were stolen from the files by persons
snknewn, anfi that the bank therefore had no ti tle to the
benfl s or any'r i ght to the funds deposi ted wi th hi m. for
nenfiepesi ti ng benfihfl lders. Respondent's supplemental report
is a suffi ci ent answer to these allegati ons because, as hereto
fore stated , hi s report , whi eh appears of recerd, shows that
ennfiS‘
snmbered IQ?and 110 were never deposi ted wi th. him. as
masser ansdid net cemsri se any part sf the bends aggregati ng
whi eh‘were deposi ted and ac cepted by him. i n. payment
of the purchase prise at the sale . The averment that bends
1929 enfl retained poseessi on. thereof from. tha t time unti l may
1943, m she seld them to the Uni on Trust Bank fer
Respondent's bri ef upon the meri ts of the c ontroversy
afferde seaux enli ghtenment . Peti ti oner's oeunsel says that i t
"barely axseeds the di gni ty'
of mere epi the t ." So far as we
are able ts understsnfi , the pri nc i pal defense i s that the whale
baokgroenfi is i rregslarg that the benk. hes no banki ng faci li ti es,
that the bank was unable to carry on a banki ng busi ness, as
of the bank di d not di sclose any current operati ens. Even. ir
vssuse Ia¢3 ape beesrqssr salesmeq rye emerges 0 g hmpyqe sc coungs
ceases Is rfl'
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balm we hm m tg arm s at we m W m we mm
place as yam may aesi gnate . These books and records wi ll not
di sclese any current operati ens, since the bunk .ha s ac cepted
ng deposi ts fer aema timQ . But wha tever banki ng transac tiens
have beea . made in the past are ava i i able for yaar inspecti an,"
Thi s letter affords same explanati mn of the rea gan, uhy the
bank had no banki ng quarters, but tha t ei raumstanse weuld ant
preclude i t frfim asserti ng i ts elai m. tc the pro rata share ef
The tri al er tha cause was anly partly caneluded . The
channeller aeemed ta be exmrc i sed over the fact tha t Russell
Firebaagh, whase re i iabili ty'
he questi anfid, had bean. instra
N3 3 . Gertz e's bafifis, and by reasan thereof he apparently enter
ewaer of these banda. Therefare i n the mi dst of the proceedi ng
he tafiminateé thfi hfi aring abruptly by di schargi ng the rule and
di ami ssi ng the peti ti ca . Respennent does net c ampla in about
thi s eaarse ef prt c edare , but se ekw to justi fy i t on the samfl
theary that the chaaeellor adapted, namaly, that the wnole pro
eaeai ng was fraudulent, a“held-up,
"and ”
ova of the rottenest
i n fraud of justi ae , an acti ans whi ch, are merely groundless,
callaé . fii t&hall's attenti on. tm the fac t that tuasa bands could
be parehasefi amé assi sted the Uni an. Trust Bank i n acqui ring
Yi fiw af tha fast that respondent dees .nmt conplain. ef the
RGEE m ace,
COOK COUNTY.
w eer in whi ch the acci dent M an ned, the condi ti on of the
aged seven, b} 116 1? next fri end brought sui t aga inst the
Ci ty ar Spri ng Valley for i njuri es resulting in the less
91”
the thi rd fi nger of her left hand. The declarati on
alleged tha t on account of her tender years plainti ff did
not know and was not informed by anyone ef the provi si ons
sf the sta tn’
ce concerning sui ts at law fer persm l i n jury
hex tender years and hen phye i eel and mental i ncapaci ty i t
requirements 61‘fi re enetnte . Defendant's demu rer tn the
deeleretjma admi tted ”we threading allegati ene. fine court
painted out that the recogni tima by the law of the status of
384 111. App . 463, wherein a
M ’S Cm peneati en fiat ( Ill. REV . Stat . 1943, Ch. 48, secs.
138 Q gag . ) wi thin si x menths m the date of an acci dent
as a 0m m precedent fie enfex‘eing his am en-law ri ghts,
311“
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COURT OF CHICAGO,
hate in the aftw neen of Eavenber 26, 1944 the defend
the presentatien er evi demee de fendant was found gui lty of
five dollars am casts. eabeeqnently, en Dec ember 1, 1944 , a
moti on was fileé cm her behalf for a m e tri al and in arrest
but are taken from a repe l-1; of proceedings had after defendant
ease Where that ri ght exi sts, the defendant's pri nc ipal
M ed w as} . As a master sf fac t she was assi gned a publi c
Emma Lewi s, as; assistant sta te's attorney whs was also
saw “60 W ‘erases wasw e 3 ew e
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aeress the faee and bent hi s glasses.
Jeyee Detecti ve Ageney) eerreberated the evi denc e that Hi s.
intexi eeted, eefi that they finally had to lead her frem. the
pfieehaeed a beg of beans i n. the basement, and whi le she was
the be ans. She deni ed that she had been‘ drinki ng or di sorderly'
or gui lty of breach of the pesee , and sai d tha t she had not
quently plai nti ff's attcrneys confronted her wi th the testimeny
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Act~ and tbs settled rule of law'
i n this state , the statute
m u ng upem the defendant the ri ght ta object to the
Juri fidi cti cm ai‘the am t be cause sui t was net bm gh
‘t in
we proper county, w afers a pri vi lege of whi ch a defendant
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m 1)? c im amsfianee that could cast any aaubt upon thi s phase
V .
APPEAL FROH SUPE R BEVIE GILLESPIE, I
’
m am fl ent,Defendant . COURT, coax com .
On August 27 , 1943 Edward S . Gi llespi e fi led a cam
plaint far di vorc e aga inst the defendant Evi e Gi llespi e,
space of m e year and upwarfis. A suggestimn Gf insani ty
and Wi lliam H . Tm le was desi gnated as her attorney . Sub
seqaently, on m 1944, plai nti ff fi led an amendeé
an m em ber 29, 1927, the day N?the purpor’aed w riage ,
having gone W m rm her home i n Vi cksburg, mssu si ppi .
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W . Elli s Stewart, seare tary M the 811e Li berty
Life m am a Company, testi fi ed that for about three
0m m er twi ce a week pri or to DeeambGr 29 , 1927; that. he
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employers and basiness assoc i ates. hrs. Howe felt that “i t
was a normal thi ng for he r not to want to be seen i n the
loop wi th persons of dark complexi on, for fear someone
would go to the place where
hartha Gent knew defendant as a chi ld in Vi cksburg,
M ssi sei ppi , and then attended Wi lberforce {Tniverei ty when
defendant was a student there . Later she saw her frequently
in Chi cago . Based upon t hese assoc i ati ons, her opini on. was
that defendant was not i nSane . She knew that defendant
passed for a Whi te person at her work downtown, but testi
fi ed that defendant had never i ndi cated any apprehensi on
about being followed .
Blade Samuels, defendant's aunt and guardi an ad li tem,
testi fi ed that defendant lived wi th her from 1922 unti l she
was marri ed, exc ept ahen she Vi si ted her parents i n Vi cksburg;
that whi le living wi th. her defendant assi sted wi th the house
work, attended Bryant Stratton business college , and later
was employed at Carson Pi rie Scott Co. and Searsffioebuok
that she was present at the wedding ceremony) and
that defendant responded to the questi ons propounded by the
mi ni ster; that before the weddi ng she told the wi tness that
she loved Edward and thought. he weuld make a good husband.
In 1929 the wi tness drove to Vi cksburg i n her husband's car,
together Wi th pla i nti ff , defendant, and the wi tness'daughter
Whi le they were in Vi cksburg, the Ei lblette had a rec epti on
for pla inti ff . She was of the Opini on . that defendant was
sane ont beoembcr 29 , l927 . 0n. erose-exami nati on, hrs.
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N M W T BG flf‘f’ft qegenqsug TEAM } “I£310
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li fe, that i t i s of unlmewn ori gin, and may go on for years
before i t develops into symptoms that a laym n could recogni z e .
These observations lead to the stem of the well
known rule of law in thi s and tamer states that where a ease
i s tried w the chanc ellor, hi s dec i si on wi ll not be reversed
381 m . 335: M m
findings are clearly and mani festly aga inst the wei ght of
plai nti ff ea testi fy, we record di scloses that he was fi lly
aware of we plai nti ff's im m atem y as a wi tness, as ih
di eated“
w the eham eller's statements of record, and he
dam mit was imam , because he so stated fully in the
course of his rulings on defM ant's moti on to di smiss at
defm dant m an insam m m en peoember 29 , 1927 and d1d
evi dence and eught net to
decree of
E AFFIRMED .
m de a m u m far a directed V erdi c t on
It was competent for pla intif f to introduce , and for
or m are at the wi tnesses testi fied, and the mere fac t that
plainti ff's inteetate attempted to crease the track in front
9 1?the ear m m was gm a few feet away but whi ch had
alewefl dawn ta almost a step, weald net of i tself pm that
he was guilty m?contri butary negli gence , because he m y have
whi ch reqfi i red all nerth and sauthbound traffi c to halt. Under
the ci rcumstaxaeea we thi ak that i t was a questi on at“fac t fer
ef sine w e fer hi s awn safety, and that the court would m t
have hm justi fi ed in di recting a verdict holding that he
fendants and given by the eeurt, tha t defendaa ts were net
find that they are subjec t te the cri ti eism mm the plai n
566, where the feats were M y in confli ct , to reverse the
mi sleadi ng to the Jury and pre judi ci al to pla inti ff's cause ,
because to repeat censtantly and needlessly the charge"then
yen should find the defendant not gui lty“ or words to tha t
effeet, suggests to the Jury that en the questi on of fact
that they wi ll:tellers the law as charged by the ecart, and
net guilty, i t i s easy to understand that they may be mi sled
If thi s were a case where the evi denee m ai d warrant
negli genee , as a matter ar law, in fai li ng to exerci se due
the ear passed hon ed i t, awl the custom of crossing the
M erseetmn swath at we li ght, as testi fi ed to by several
gfi mxersaqrn% oz bLe juqrc IQ I enq apv q pa L1 6 6 o fi‘
gpa nua
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sgogpfi z sz z sy‘fl moq we ars cg z ogny Gorg z qa z g gyan
’pa p aruc a
ox cyan 9 G$g16 38 fi £ Lesa]; caq Lac eous pfh pe sxbaa psq am
exfi ec g6g*pg q ¢p6 ymapnnagrgna c ambyg rvsq ex na g Q Q Q fi Q IAQ U
$3 9 $A1q Q G‘
fie argon asawj g somrq Lawnong prl fiB A fi pesn
Cfi L S gan yxe Q an'
ag;e ch‘qagaxq¢n¢a l H LEHEGU ; gyep aangex
naarzasnce‘as s ma gpez 0 2 }a&
‘In Lsryyufi go exaxcz ae gas
figs acmcyxayafi figwg bj fi z up$11 , g rvgaagg fia $ 9 2 Efi xygh 0 2
IL Q vIa Q ®LG w ag ea “pens fififi eaz qence mo q fisz xgnc
0 1, m s“ {fa £s w e W e gaww m s‘
Inge geyyaazmfi gng p LD® cosh; re Cp“
L §IUR gnaw“as 8 muggem
mop fifixrsfi‘{ p 13 $ 3 31 fa uuqexassng gsx: fipai fish pa mfajsq
yea 57 6 yen we cpsz fiaq pl ans cc v z p‘Q ua
gz ova‘gpsx 9 1 6 comvz fifcq co gpfi Lfira
qegengg xfi'
fipsn Q "LGE B $1 6 si fimrueq
egz eep‘
afi fi a 311 1 pass on yrs due a$1sfi oz asap
Lenqyny no: amyygk g om ‘xoxqa $0 spa;
TA gum nseqygaayi cpe epfi nfie ufifl fi fl
bmvgmqvcysf go bzsxmtrz z la afi fi ee’
ti ff askad bim. ir he would go alang, Jousma sa i d that i t was
not necessary,"the horses were all ri ght,
" tha t "there was
a man. there whn would halp me , so I went over to the barn. wi th
my helper ." Whfin. ha got to the barn. he saw
'Eé waré Jacobs, why
had charge of the barn and horses an defendant's farm, and bald
him that he and his helper had come to Shae the Imrses; that
Jacaba sai d “all ri ght,
“and than Walked into the barn and get
ane harse ,"and I walked i n. to get tbs other herse I
could. nnt say hfl W'hfi approa ched the one he was leadi ng eat be
the aeei é ant .
testi fi ed tha t he we conducted a ri ding awhile in Palos Park
m 1; i s all that was m i d . Be Walked into the barn first and I
m a am aze him.” On c ross-examinatmn plai nti ff teatifma
tha t an pri or occasi ens, when kw had gam e 136 defendant's farm to
shoe th ese nurses, one of the men employed on the farm or in
cha rge of film barn "brought, the barges out to me to ahoe outai dea
antfil thfi day of the acc i dent . “ It likewi se appears fm pla in
ti ff's testimm that can pri or oecasi ans he di d not have a haly
m wi th him as he di d on the day in questi en, tha t men on the
farm helped hi m 5119 63 the harn ess, ansi that. the reason he aecom
pazii ed Jacabs mm the barn on the day i n question was that thfi
m law is well $ 9. 1:t i n thi s state tha t persons are net
Servi ce Act ( par . sec . 14 , chap . 105, Ill . Rev . Stat .
In What Words they contend tha t by vi rtue of the
previsians ef m id Ac t they be came employees of the c lassi fi ed
ei vi l servi ce «f the new Chi cago Park Di stri c t on May 1, 1934,
men the oansoli dati m task effect, having been tam-fi rm em
bo am on 5 am date . A li ke cententi en made in behalf of
M iam i‘sW I}? si tuated , m were tam er-aw employees
W vari ants m —ci vifigg
gie
gi stri cts whi ch were superseded by
the Chisago Paw; mi stri ot, was upheld by the Fi rst Di vi sian
m?this eaurt in M e ex mg Kgln M 313 111 .
Ill .
App . 562 ( leave ta appeal é eni ed by the Supreme court ) , de
ai ded by the 9am di vi si en af thi s amart an October 15, 1945,
i t was aai fi at v 564 , 565, 566:
Fri end, P . J
a “n ew : 01, We cu ll 0 1.
(1m mCORELK. OB CODE 3 3 3
’
I” SQ G
“8mm 03 XPI'IKOI?‘
Leeqe ee gerrb fl es
eu¢ . a westeee Lo: 9 neg pare] egg Tn emz eep o; inqgment
use gnxeq pa gpe enema as pen byes ex mes fiexrgl‘
Dexenq~
a; one gaxren'
Degeuqeep negneq gels: pl lama egg gee ceaae
asz ae cue keen 7 3 ppm genes on gonsecgqcn eve so beak s Lyme
gqcs ea bLoarrsegren'ene
'
yeaqne ea’u seq eenpsuceq pen fie
oz. we eta-mm ?m m on “m ew nk w e A'J ceem w ehm
z en bLopegzon‘nqgeqseq p6 3 Eerrrfi . ee gee exemeeeiq { Ingres
2 ar Chap . 38 Illi noi s Revi sed
to the fem of the Statute i n each case made and
previ d and aga inst the peace and di gni ty of the Peopleof the Sgete of Illi ne i e .
"
ef'
the i nformati on. wes i n the follow
ing term
"su re ex?cam OF ceox,CITY 01? CHIGAGO .
eubscri bed and sworn. to be fore me
thi s day ef Oct 17 1945 A . D .
di sjeneti ve farm di d net appri z e the defenfiant ar the speci fi c
and eeeti eui ar charge or crime that the defendant had ta meet
and defend against ea . the tri al er sa i d eaeee ."
fer eueh. purpeee teewi t at 325 E. 57th. 8t . 1 floor Apt." the
263, M W bm boea gee-e gg ea 33 a pg»
255 59
3; 3 p¢
I w e re} , 93m.
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men: on {in eg gs “0 1. gm Te: e pumme‘m om” on om en bz m eee
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‘wa e perfee 0 7
, Lem‘we nmenmeu m
Loner
n ee; bm bemrh spe w ing. we qegenqeng m m rm j'ee zgrry;
“TQ M ?petite pee}: mezzo when. gi een gen: 3 4: ye 1sm arem fl m 33;
em; ge‘
ggee seew eg 013 we tens? or, eetgq eem ‘u
mtg benfi emrem (m em e m; GETNFG we ; we gerenm c me so weep
exejeuegm e Lone we we ; 3 3 5m we qez eueewr es, gape fam in e
0 ; Gee re saeev*e*
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3 Q‘YPW W PQ C} em; m s eye eeme 3“
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on m 439 GI» ITTTm 3 3°
u
bee fiefireg we ew es ewe qz emfch ex, m e M y;
we m enu me “w ere 731 am p ceee m qe w e
IB'
Axereerev we bee IQS oz . cpeb*
39 irrrnera ecaxacq
probati on offi cer and procuri ng hi e recommendati on as the
statute provi des, and in sentencing him wi thout hearing
evi dence on the questi on of aggravati on and mi tigation of
the offense charged ." It appeared that sta tements were
made to the court by the state'3 attorney i n aggravation of
tm offense but that the tri al court heard no evi dence in
mi ti gation thereof and that pm h ti on was refused wi thout
referring defendant's appli cati on therefor to the probation
offi cer for investi gati on ami recommenda tion . There i t
2 and 786 [Criminal C
are c
the propri ety Ofthe legi slature i a
f the facts in every appli ca ti on
Reviewer, the m ag case has been disti ngeishe d in
Lem knapgcron Ia mwgg‘
1p w¢?mp ae am*
z rom pus Ivnfifi fi9s mesg In
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'
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’
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“
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§r a
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"cm
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'
ag
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‘
pxa neebmmfimqvgrun'
g e gas
and 786) together, we observed : ‘The di screti on the court
ma exorci se upon an appli cati on for probati on i s not an
er 1 di screti on to be exerc i sed at the more wi ll or
m of court, but i s a sound legal di screti on dependentfor i ts exerci se upon the fac ts shown . It i s obvi ous thatwhere the fac ts are not shown and are no
deni al of probati on i s an arbi trary and
the fac ts were ade
gua tely di s
s made and the tri o. Judge had an
tory of the defendan t's li fesentence
"After evi dence in aggravati on and mi ti gati on was heard ,
get probati onThe court
erney repli edof thi s boy.
'e and
robsti on offi cerDefendan t thanThe court theni on depar
’
m ent
we ever wi ll .
the sentence
atto sai d that was too much , but made no exc epti ons or
Eistest against denying probati on . It seems clear that all
feats that could e shown were shown, and the attorneyregarded i t as a hear for probati on and took no exc epti onto the manner of hearing by the court instead of by the pro
Eto cla im i s made tha t any addi ti ona l factswhi ch would result in a di fferent acti on
t states in her reply bri ef that ”the case
in the i nstant c ase and the ease of me People
ass c i ted by de fendant in error is not only not in
this court " and that "i t could readi ly be se en that i f the
ecart in. any case before i t should possess an arbi trary dis
cretim to refuse an appli cati on for probati on in a ca se upon
a
argon pl qegenqene In GLLQ L re ne g enyh neg no
9 ; see esteneefl e zn'
eee Teaeeno c e ae one eye ooz e et gee"
§eee?e
gap qegenqenp apogee on pe
t t oerh pogo; gnop “roe ce ee
If 0 3 Q
o enpqsnen ec
to eez gz ez ene no open
ouq $fi6 eenfieno
goqeh no he enoL zgj j‘
no boopopyen qohengnenp
£8 8 €TLIGQ $U fl £ he Q IQ or eyme e $$QGWQ Gfifl i c fi'nee cons; omen
conyq Lin? eneeh; epernon no engenqeg cpneop‘
gegenqenr spewconneogeq {pep onenhepz e joen gee; e beepegj on aggroen
ape Georg seconnneq snexheprne noneq. 1oer no hone pone; n z
ry to; e conbrege preroni o; gpxe pol‘;
wogeo IE pe nee neared non boo eggonneh Lehj z eqg none 9 o gee cone:
to: hoopeezonesqq ,po a dore free on 8 Let
no In e ddt eeesron euq nqp gr
c eeg eennence'
e Hz eennh 0 L one oeeeueevete zoneA nee meqe one ppe rLIey lnqde pe g on
eno’ sue noose .nete oqe i ee reri qre~
eepygneoh one omongponroeq exen~
no: xndnyneq xuoo‘pp»
3 Ia Ia opereeE‘
cpeeyodoy qz ecoopxen qebonqeneeeq or eye none 3 17 } or
no oxenez eo on on 8 byt es get Esepecrou to noo .en
no peetneq ,$pe qracnerzou rpe sooth
Tfi'
fifig fiIn e z LaL csyra onx g ggenpi om
'
ga
fififi g Hfi' fi fl firq
”Delenqsn$ . 3 Q Ofi u Q GI waxgq cps a nvn$ 7 ; pg moufq canazqsL
qebg z pmsnsaux Ivae egz fiegrom*
gyeae‘sggvn Les a fi gg@
spa aommg mz ppoqp a QTLK on p3 3 brag on no: Enxjsa no
va so pun hoertz ou xv n a Lgfiwxq ga z euqsfisnearocgaq3rn?g
pfi crcn'
a pq paga‘cnq easy a ITES
‘
O : 3 1 0 3 6 4 1 16 annjq bz g crreg yyk
It seems c'Ieer from the Herr;egg case that i f e defend
ant i s tri ed on a plea of gui lty to an indi c tment or i nfer
me ti on chargi ng him wi th the commi ssi on of a criminal offense
and he makes an appli c ati ee for proba ti on, the tri al court
may properly di spense wi th en investi gation by the probati en
deem i f a hearing is had an such eppli cati en upen Whieh
the state's et‘herney and, the defendant are respecti vely per
mi tted fie present evi denee i n aggravati on end mi ti gati on of
the offense and the tri al judge i s just as fully apprised en
such heari ng of defendant's previ ous li fe and conduct as he
would have”
been i f a probatlen offi cer had investi gated same
and made a rm t thereon . It seem jus t a s clear free the
m eaee that, where a defenfian’
c i s tri ed on a plea of M
pre’
ea ti en,‘hhe eetzrt may properly dispense wi th an W esti
gati en by the prebe ti en depereeent i f the trial judge reeeived
m il appli catinn and deni ed probati on because ef the enormi ty
of the cram er because the facts in the case were so serious
standing he sensi deI-ed that the defendant's repu ta tien and
previ ous: cement were good.
w e i s the si tuation here? As hexe tefore seem , defend
ant was tri ed by the court on her plea of not gui l ty. After
her behalf. She asserts tha t same we e dem ed "m e tantaN or
mm sem en,
APPEAL m m cm x.
COURT OF GHIGAGO .’
ti ff“ statm t 61“claim and entered ml
i s as follows3
of Seven fivea n y at the ted
sey‘
( who was
tee of the
[state Senater] the5
i ng to obta in. such. appoi nt~
li ce Offi c er fer the0n . the aforesai d false and
de fendant tha t to seeure
z nsaa ang Lebz saangg gqow o; a qeLanqanc
3 39 3 6 e;_ 1rrz noz a‘vug 3 9 1A 3 5 am cue stonsagrq gay$a avg
‘
fl G fl : 8 3 3 5 3 39 gqfipmsh mai nfauvwae borxce gggz osn gen g
ge
“m mm bTQ Ifl $I§L qe azm v’
z $0 omw tm sm og ab em s
am 0 1: m s Im macsq 9 IR} mm?» DO TTM E ( é aao'oor
gsbfi 9 3 3 0 6n'bsz gh ) avg cue myyyea gngyeL [ggsfia gaug poz j spa
mm ?cm zxm v 0; cm «30 1mm 9 6m m )"
com rcm e 01, 3msup monrq pa epyz fiaq go he } go Gnu aapfi 5
*nambaek ( fi fin fi z z
ea amcp'
ace pa gqfipaak fisrmxewvnc s 5 0 7 3 3 6 figu res; p99 qegenqw
fipgsIfi'
0 3 qfi z $0 opggrn fifig fibbfi f fl flmfi fl fi GE tfig hrgrneyz z
{ Q IESIK avg gxaq remcyk L$bxsaeucsq so gye b13 7 7 $TLL97 3 9 w rw n m q qfrrw rfl m ac zm q 43m bW TUPIEZ SW
umfl vsfi fi 0 3 Q PO fl fi $§G 9 10 1 6 3 3 1q simfi £3 6 Q GLQ U Q Q H?
gqfl pmgm. gsrngenvvca bOTIGE OLETG Q L 20 1 age ggg gg at i z nnra'
w 6 04m; 0 1m m we vbbom m enc 6 3; 47m bmm m a $ 8 9
oLfisursfi xyfin'
rn api ca fio ) I abL b ESU QG Q go gpe brsz nff z p fines
brgxntygg ,a aga gamenc o; cysxw 23 8 8 LOIIO fi E :
qegefiqfivg Lon coega“
crag ga agé eamcn; ox affirm wag enpensg lmqfiwsng $3 gsaaz 01
LeAsxes sp a LIUQ I nmqez a; spa c anz g .apycp ewagarusq
COQHQ OE CHIGVGG'
new attempting to use as a defense; and also tha t a mach
stranger publi e poli cy re quires tha t the defendant should
i s attem ting we keep after having ebtained it by fraud and
Befendent's thew? i s that "pla i nti ff by hi s plead
m defendant m precast-e and did pm cure by bri be or parabase
3 9 330 t as a State Hi ghway Haintenam e Poli ce Offi cer of
we State ef 1111219 15 and illegally paid meney to that end .
The illegali ty ef the transac ti en appea ri ng of record upon
“N W !
-5
allow a par who
the agre emfim; whi iehas gi ven thereunder , the re covery be i ng, not under
agreement but i n di saffi rmance of i t, ani a prami se
a righfi exi sting i né epenfimntly thereof ."
P! 3363
Ifah var
ithe parti es are not
1ma ef to the One thatcaurt does nat
makbs the objec ti anrcy's Eq . Jar . See .
In W W W 151 111. 650 , i t was sai d at p , 657 3
q l antenprise, or agree to dc an
hi ked by'
puhli e pali cy, and spenfiother 9? efiherw1se i n. ai d ef soné
"T9 the 3 8m effect are N 59 111 . WO: M
M axi m s/m m 189 a . s, 4 23;
zggggg, 6 Hi gh,
espec i ally where he has beenprz mr sg
axcgspfan afi cg 8 3 . £FW$ bxeagwgaq pl. £p$ epa pamwu¢ ogh grv$m3
sqpsrgr L fl IS pag exams aggq Lays gag e app c eaex af
g fi fi g‘
m
Da w mc “w e! U m IIIWO?2 0 9 8 6 8 TU Pffb‘m m 3 2, w e
m m C L W e emow rz ea u m W m mw ma ma ,
”
EIS TUQ ILL ;E cou¢angyoua L¢ 89 q wfi ( ye excsbgzona go ape Q aaengy
ne z enqqng LUIIGR safarh on gyé abnaaay u fij$ ubtyz c fi pye
0L 0 83 3 0 1‘
“ag ar: m g he go 170 4: mfg}?M an a ge ppm gm 3 3 9 1263319 331:
e aasugz g j ajsmgmp uacsaeqxi go comggrpmpe 9 ?ooq afi fl as fil
fifl mbfifi c' in 0mm chimi ng gpfi agag fima ur 0 g C j fi Im wjysfisq Q AB LA
be zq pi firm'
go fps c afi z z qsuus $ 3 3 mz fipg pa maeq Lax gu‘
ggj t fiey
GAGE gymnav wfi cp ATS fTE’
Inq16 3 gsq w arj j Q usaz gfifi t pps'
E Ufish
c cmz xqsnce man go Le cutg £0 p1 9 axcpzm mensfi opaggnsq LL O fl'
fiTW;
2nb% oz ;rn€ grs bupz z o Impeae ep on bnoyrc b0 7 3 \k mg } ; a emfiey g
counqgsnce mfi n gnu awraj k spa 19 m 9 2 g mr ggeL fig $9
gwe agfi pamenfl oz GyQ Tm boz q ha fi é LO U Q ?fi ¢ 8 8 a aemi fispye
gag sbbmofixz spsq spa go 93 2 omn'
mae °
Q LLIC GL q by;?U:I gg L C IT GQ on qez euusmg ,a s ae Labz sfisn¢8 ~
ogz v crfira pa BG CBL G byflr
a z z 8 boeqpx aw 9 3 s agypn barrc a
vi m go gnaw 0 5 0 3 cuvg gmownc go gpe qgoz e eflsq bnprqc
bg l firm aggo an p7 3 Lebnseenpg gz om $93 3 I f ag e Ub C fi aTF L§ \LO L
gqfig go p eamme a n gk $0 $3 6 xryg fiay grana gc cn'
gnq pa
gwa aggcem% n; o; cysym qv geq ng z Lenq awpyk Iagfi ceq byg fua
¢pe o¢pan b fl z gl $0 $3 6 fl nj g fi Lfi I eucexbz xee' “osoq nfi $0
is reversed and the cause is
Plai nti ff di d not sue Gosey. The quest i on of Casey's
negli gence i s not i nvolved .
we shall consi der fi rst the qfiesti on or law whether the
ease sheela have gone to the Jury. who testimony most favorable
to plai nti ff i s that before commenc i ng the “U“ tern , Gosey and
hi s were locked both ways on 65rd Stre et end saw no traffi c ei ther
way for s esnple of blocks; that the pavement was dry and the day
fai rly li ght; that at the time of the coll i si on the Oldsmobi le ha d
completed the turn, was fee ing end_ pree eeei ng west from 5 to 7
mi les an hour, in second speed; that the Oldsmobi le was struck by
a stre et oer, moving west about 20 mi l es an hour, whi ch di d not
slashes speed before the impact: thet M olleensn di d not see the
peri l as seen so his passengers because hi s attenti on was di verted
to the ”ri ght
"; end that the eldsmobi le , out of Coeey
‘s control ,
swervee eontnwest to consi sts the course descri be d i n our statement
of feats. we beli eve thst ev i dene e tends to prove negl i gence on
The questi on of srcximste sense must be answered by the
determi nati on of whet the noteresn, as s orndent men, shoe1d _have
foreseen as the probable sonsoonenoee or hi s conduc t . In our
de termi nat i on we agai n sees the evi denc e and i nferenc es favorable
to plaint i ff at the close of the evi denc e .
5 ixty-tnird street is a 45 or 50 foot busi ness street
carryi ng two street car tracks. The south curb i s 25 feet from
tne‘
westpeend traoks. The Rapi d Transi t Elevat ed streeters i s
overhead . At the time of the acc i dent , both sides of the stre et
<were perked sol idly wi th au tomobi les, Most of the storeswere
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for a few seconds; and tha t the impset was “terri ble ”and sh e felt
a"terri ble Jolt ” whi ch ”da z ed“her and threw her agai nst the
front sea t .
fl elson test i fi ed that he was walki ng west on the south
si de of 63 rd street: tha t when he fi rst saw th e Oldsmobi le i t was
fac ing west on the north si de of th e westbound tracks, movi ng about
9 mi les an hour; the t the street oer was at th e ti me about 40 feet
away, goi ng about 15 mi les per .hcer; tha t the street car di d not
change i ts speed before the coll i si on; tha t the stre et c ar moved
5 to 8 feet after the oolli ei on; tha t the Oldsmobi le pi cked up
speed and was goi ng, maybe 16 mi les an hour, when i t struck the
second car; and that he see no eastbound street ear during the
i nc i dent . deferred to a statement si gned by him for the Stre et Car
company's representati ve, he sai d he ha d never read i t and that
he di d not tell that representa tive that the stre et oer was goi ng
12 mi les an hour; that he sai d nothi ng about seei ng an eastbound
street see , but remembered. ssying that i t pulled i n front or th e c ar
so suddenly the motoemsn di d not have a chance to stopsand di d not
say previ ously tha t the street oer neved only one or two feet after
i mpest .
two poli oe offi cers test i fi ed to the condi t i on of the
c ar, one sai d a dent Jest shove the tai l light on the ri ght rear
of the Oldsmobi le was the only damage . He sa i d i t was dsrk at
the time of hi s i nspecti on and tha t he di d not recall tha t the
tai l l i ght was broken . The other orrisar test i fi ed that the ri ght
rear si de of the beck of the Oldsmobi le was smashed, completely
pushed in and the tai l li ght brokene
Nehleensn testi fi ed he had be en werki ng for the Berraco
Li nes about 10 months, and 6 months on 66rd Street , when the acc i dent
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smashed i n very li ttle at the rear; that he saw the Oldsmobi le
before the motormsh and told the motormen to stop the oer and the
le tter immediately applied the brakes; that when he called the
ooterman had hi s heed turned slightly toward the right , wa tching
an automobile which was see ing from a garage on the north side of
the stre et; that i t was not ufiti l he shouted tha t the motorman
applied the brakes: tha t the street oer went about 10 feet after
the eelli ei en; end that the impac t caused the driver to lose control
and gave the eldemobi le more momentum. The wi tness admit ted tha t
a couple of weeks after the ac c ident he stat ed tha t the front of
the street car was 30 feet from the Oldsmobile when he first saw it
and at that time the motormen was looking toward the right .
Wi tness Daniel testified that as the westbound street
oer was t easing en eastbound oer, the Oldsmobile made a "U" turn;
that when he first saw it i t was 15 or 18 feet away wi th i ts front
wheels on the we stbound treok: that he did not hear anyone shee t
to the motoreee , out he heard hi m make an exclama tion and try to
stop: tha t the street oer wee goieg be twe en 15 and so miles an hour
and "saught'the automobile; and that "
perhaps“ the i mpaot caused
i ts sp eed to inereeee .
The statement signed by helsos. we e i ntreduoed i n evidence .
According to it Nelson stated that the stre et ear was moving abou t
12 miles an hoe r and, after the impac t , moved only one or two feet
and the t the eldemobile was behind an eastbound stre et c ar and pulled
in front of the we stbound ear .
Yhe questions of the c redibility of the witnesses Nelson
and Toi ui o, whom counsel eonght to impeach , were for the Jury .
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a passenger c alled h i s a ttent i on to i t .
tha t the verdi ct i s clearly agai nst the
the evi denee and for that rea son and the fur ther
9 set forth,the meat i s affirmed .
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The defendants contend tha t there was no evi dence tendi ng
to prove tha t they were negli gent under the c i rc umstances or tha t ,
should we fi nd agai nst tha t contenti on, pla int i ff's i njury was
proxima tely caused. by thei r negl i gence ,
The c i rcumstances of thi s case are substant i a lly the
some as tha t i n the M erron case, The evi dence and i nferenc es here
are at least as favorable to plai nt i ff es i n tha t c ase . Si nc e we
have held there tha t the questi ons of defendants'negl i genc e and
proxi ma te cause were for the Jury we must , acc ordi ngly, so hold i n
thi s case .
Defendants also contend that the verd i c t of was
so grossly exc essi ve as to be accounted for only by pre judi ce ,
passi on or a mi sconcepti on of the evi denc e . Pla i nt i ff says thi s
quest i on was not ra i sed i n the tri al court . In the i r mot i on for
a new tri al defendants poi nted to the verdi c t as bei ng exc essi ve ,
and c lai med that the Jury was pre judi ced , They say that they asked
for a new tri al, not a remi tti tur, and that th i s i s sti ll thei r
posi ti ons
Pashkow was an i ncompet ent person at the time of the
tri al, Hi e mental condi ti on i s not cha rgeable to th e acc i dents
He testi fi ed bri efly, as di d another person i n hi s behalf, tha t he
had not worked regularly for about 20 years, but had done odd Jobs,
After the acc i dent Psehkow's left leg looked l i ke "a
c orkscrew". He was taken to a hospi tal where x-rnye were taken
of hi s leg . The n-ray servi c e does not app ear to have been very
thorough. From the n-roys i t would app ear the i njured leg was
plac ed in a motel cast . Outsi de of these x-rays there i s no ev i dence
of any treatment unti l Paehkow ent ered the,Yoternne Hospi tal at
bouncy, Illi noi s, i n August as a mental‘puti ent . Though i n a
mental word, he was given physiotheraphy treatment for h i s leg .
songs: na‘we use green boi syornensbpi onscre en: not p19 ret
‘
oysoeq In s more: essn'
ancayqe or green x~ tsi e opens ya no caresses
rpoaonfig'
atom rue x~nei e we nonyq absent ape relates yea ne e
a; p7 3 reg“ ape aw ash senayoe goes nor obsess re gene peso goth
eonyeeana ,'
no use pages no a poehz rey spans x—asi e sens ge nes
V1£9 L ewe scoreemn seentna te rate rot Jeanne free as
poo nos .a onxeq nefinrsnrl Lea spans 3 0 tee ns‘can one sees seq lone'
as seexrtres paratrt‘ we owe escapee se ason on sea pensrt
’case as
razor“
are sense; eongynyon re use ope nneepye re cps seorqoe c*
st epson . ase so Inconbsreng heneee as one eyes on rye
hosyrrou’
ton a use z ersr‘we: 9 aserszrcsn
’ sue even cut e I t terry st ei n
suq creroeq spec cps 1nt i ass bnejnqroee“
Lani sc i spar spot sexes
s yen gags: gerenqsuse heznceq as are scanner so pared exc eesya e'
dnesaz en a re no: tsreeq In eve cheer conng'
In snort coarse i on
he eeron on e eyesonoeoptcn on rye esyqenee'
bj sruryi z eels sure
no aac coxh exc e esrse so so pa sooonneeq { on earl pi beetsqyee‘
Degenennps exec oosreh q spar ap e h oneys: or gi g‘oog n ee
bnoxrme ge sense sens res cps text no oneg’
eeooaqynaj i‘so were re
peas pore scene ape: ape dc eerycnn c; ge i enqeure, coarseness seq
t he a; roses on assenspye no hyezncrtt as re apes c ase“si nc e as
seee~
ee are ; In ape net her cone; yes esz qencs one Inget ehoee none
Lye oyneousgenoes c; rpre c ase one sepsaensroyyi one
hi cxxneseri c eneeq pi stern nefiyrfionce’
eacens'
e e‘truq afiernee the : concessi on
“ hre yneri g , e Inlami ne e
Lye ge i enqenre courses rhea geese use no et eueo renqrna
4
admi tted to the Veterans hospi tal a t Denney, Illi noi s i n August .
defendants contend there was no proof of any treatment for the i njury
durdng thi s peri od . A person who i s i njured by the torti ous conduct
of another must use reasonable care and di li genc e to mi ni mi z e the
damage and can only recov er such damages as he could not have avoi ded
by the exerc i se of reasonable di li genc e . dgdnr Rapi ds Iowa C i ty 51 .
Defendants poi nt to the lack of evi denc e that Pashkow
received proper medi cal treatment . They say he was admi tted to the
Veterans hospi tal as a mental pa ti ent . Thi s i s to support thei r coop
tenti on that the condi ti on of the leg was neglected. Pashkow was
di scharged from the army i n hovember 19 42 because of a mental ai lment ,
after 3% months servi ce . he entered the Veterans Hospi tal sufferi ng
from dementi a praecox, simple type .
Insane persons are l i able for torts they commi t . M c Intyre
v, ghglgz , 121 Ill . 660 . We are justi fi ed i n concludi ng from
5, E, to, v . Becker , es111. 25, and asAn . Jun . 9 . 882, tha t the
questi on of the i r di screti on, i n determini ng contri butory negli gence ,
i s for the jury in each case . There i s no case c i ted nor found
dec i di ng responsi bi li ty of insane persons to avoi d aggravat i on or
neglect of an i njury. In an i ntenti ona l wrong a pe rson of low
i ntell i gence may recover damages due to the aggravated condi t i on .
Restatement of the Law of Torts, Sec . did, Chen. 47 . Illustra ti on 4 .
We beli eve we should apply the same rule i n determi ni ng responsi bi di ty
for avoi dable consequences as i s appli ed i n determi ni ng contri butory
negli genc e of i nsane persons.
di ei ntiff's ease i nc luded the i nferenc e , at least , tha t
l’fi
Paehkcm'wns cufftri ng from dementi a pre ecox at the time of the ac c i dent .
whi s i s enough to take to the jury the questi on whether he possessed
di scret i on suffi c i ent to avoid neglec ti ng hisi njury, and to wha t ext ent .
The defendants should have gone on from there.
The only i tem of expense test i fi ed to was the future
amputati on‘whi ch. pla i nti ff
‘s medi cal wi tness sai d was nec essa ry.
e obcxeu‘é pfi t smrcz z gan gees Ed: L§w0 A é £9 0 3 6 Imbndbii Sj ameupu'
t aooayneq 19 1 0 3 11 on gpo Ene auqa a; bfiejfiqroc‘bnaarafl an wigcow~
anon e aq ras'youe n
‘II as Lrwfixgngyl exc e afiygq ”QNf
3,P3
no cabsq pl 8 A'§TTTTfifi
“
T°
sIa II I’
peeu wnb rmbvngrsj'meuc execaa 9 1 . 3 110 A 3 uoe In gfimfi aea mwa
1: five xt eé nwnrrk pcau warq spas“avene spa xxx?! use
tn fi vw iw sm 7 8 we km )"
fina u¢yan a; pgt-e xeaaayAeua en a; gnu A BL Q IC t { L é fi Lz om censzqcnrcroue
0; gas obturon ape: apxe re a me ga 1m ayycp me awe: c ouayqaL fps
B oa pt A fi q ave vmsfia 0 1 nTw spar nfiefi wag Wt fins Ks 9 L6
6 L psq smbnmg gyom peas bauxuhfi aq pagaxs gpg fnyay‘
figs i fi xa a onyq
Lpsl cam £p9 £ fisq bqepyoa pseu bxobenxi snawgsq g agen ape scorqeng’
suqsebbsq goon“ bearerafi a pron M 5 8 pcnwg so bxsi fl groe 39 0 11 c ase‘
a fi fi efi f opa:& fi ysp wyfi ficga z muq fiwq weere ae j e zs Jefi qguerj ufi In
wzmqa 01 she 3afimna'
psga aupa go c ausanq ppsg Ewapgan’
avg 13
quarufi cps cars] Epfsy monj q gene Q lO fl E Gq almbwapl 0 L pyse In £9 8
mpona re 3 0 crvym spas ppgus A g e fink bnsjaqycrsf GO U Q fi O £
gpfi c ape aq raa nae exaaearA e no span sxgeus'
at eye na roz'
bxfirucrz z pk wsxrvfi w bsmwczrfnb oz gé o’ooo ooua gqag
rug rs fi ge é peb spa owes afi ag pa xspnyeq pacwnae on exosaara eme as
cps L O Q fl aoq baxcpsayvfi bofi sn o; monek' $ge dfi saz xou me ens O O H BIGSL
as eases?“ awe 1aq€weuz on asp‘ooo orervcrz z boynce so
33 0 eomb j axn; fa anz z rc z sucfk pfiaaq ca xsaaeb ’
i nfl ameuc 13 qxnec ct q so enbbokc cps crarw 0 ; Te a: senuyufi bon en Agron
oewbywzuc no; ebaorsy gamweee'
no qz eeaz ee' “a cPIDK i yunygx, a
p 13 xrwrgeq spyj rare e‘maz e ab saray
'wag no cysym a g e mags In ape
to; shearer qfiwaaaa auq‘gyep fi nk q wae a crermeq on g aoomnp o;
£p6 L GLO LG'mouse oxg
‘Dexeg qsvca ask cps: Q IS IU£ILL qz q fl og sex
3 3 18 ba apxoa‘pawsasx
‘pas neg gpg g mange: csbscrcl avg 1 9
“
yuoebwaymacq“mrgpp qm nos; LoanyLrufi 0 9 11 meager eggoxx
‘go
6
Lowenggg; v . gggggg, 9 9 Ill . 74 . Cases have be en c i ted by both
parti es where remi tt i tore have been approved and di sapproved . we
need not refer to any of those oases.
We beli eve the verdi ot of i s so excessi ve tha t
i t oahh ot be aoeountoé for except on prejudi oe , passi on or mi scon
c eption, the remi tt i tur di e not remove these improper elements,
so as to gi ve assorehee that defendeote had a fai r tri al . We see
no meri t in fila i nti fr'e ooh tooti on that oruoi al fac ts i n the ggrroh
,§g§g and i h thi e ag es are the some one we should consi der the
eucoti on of defendants'li abi li ty as set tled by two Juri es, We
beli eve that the Gofooamata are en ti tled to another tri al . Thi s
oonolusi on may, at fi rst , seem harsh . It must be kept i n mi nd tha t
tho Jury had to é ooi de whe th er defendaote'negli genoo was the
proxi mate oanee or Peehkow's i njuri es. Thi s requ i red consi dera ti on
or fioooy*a ooodaot . If the jury was prejudi ced i n favor of Pashkov ,
aeronoanta mi ght well suffer an i ojueti oe on the questi on of li abi li ty.
Binoe the ease moot be retri ed, we beli eve we should pass
on two remai ni ng poi nto!
9 2 to support thei r olaim tha t the tri al c ourt commi tted error i n
permi tting a medi cal wi tness to testi fy to the coat of ampatati on
where there was no swi tches tha t snob was requi red or that there was
an i nttnti on or having i t performed, In the gem eggsthere was no
evi done e tha t the operati on was not contempla ted or reqh i rod . In
the case before us modi oal testimony was that the amputati on should
be performofi .
[
that surgery i s ”indi eatefi?we thi nk there was enough
in the evi é oooe to Justi fy the estimate of the east of the amput ati on .
M oreover, the amount of $5 60 i s an insi gni fi cant part of the verdi ot i
Appellant, APPEAL FROM
7 0
MUNICIPAL COURTPUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NORTHERNILLINOIS, a corporati on,
OF CHICAGO .Appellse .
ME. PREglblNd JfifiTIGE KILEY DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT.
Thi s i s an ac ti on to recover damages for harm whi ch
plai nti ff c lai ms he and hi s fami ly suff ered because defendant
unlawfully di sconti nued servi ce of gas and electri ci ty i n hi s
home . The court wi thout a Jury found aga i nst pla i nti ff and
Judgment was for defendant's c osts. Pla i nti ff ha s appealed .
Plai nt i ff i n the sooner of 19 38 lived i n dalume t C i ty,
where defendant i s i n the ut i li ty busi ness. It had furni shed
gas and electri c i ty in the plai nti ff‘s 10 room home for 20 years.
On July 13 , 19 5 8 , pla i nti ff , in fi nanc i al di ffi cnlti es, fi led a
p eti ti on i n bankruptcy i n the Uni ted Sta tes Di stri ct Court . He
li sted a debt of $10 to defendant . Thi s was an a rrearage whi ch
had ac cumulated the previ ens few months. On August 12 defendant
di seontinned i ts servi c e . an september 29 , 19 38 , pursuant to a
deposi t by pla i nti ff of the servi ce was restored. Plai nti ff
and hi s fami ly were deprived of gas and electri c i ty and were
forc ed to buy meals outsi de thei r home during the peri od of di s
conti nued servi c e . They had no li ght , hot wa ter or radi o duri ng
tha t time .
The i ssues are whether defendant's ac ti on was a coerc ive
measure to forc e payment of plai nti ff's past due bi ll; whether the
cash deposi t requi red by defendant to restore the serv i c e was un
reasonable; and whether requi si te noti c e was gi ven pla i nti ff
t estonepre ! seq apespea sodsrayce coerce as: RIA OU brerugrzx
crew qeboerg Lednyneq pi cogesqcsg so secret e ape nexarc o .nss an
get recess eta usespet qui escenc,c sorrow use 9 O O GLGIA O
eoecrnncq cexnrc c'
incl et c so Iydpg'cc ; a ec on recto geared
xot coq so psi users oesez qe sperm pose qnt znd pee bez yoq 0 L gre
enq yrs fewryl a cne qcbnz i ee c; fies seq eyeesi rcrgi are mere
qeboexr P1 bIWTfi CIII O i QIS“90 ape 8 9 3 5 7 3 0 “3 3 5 13 7 3 8712
seq eocsmuyeceq are onscreen gea . ac espe*
gs endear 13 qc zssesuc
Irereq e qcpr of $10 so qexenqeng'
apye se e we sat eenefie mercy
battered TU penseabtch 7s ass nurses eases: evacueescents“
es
on dark rs‘Ices
‘swervertx’TU zrnsncrer steerenreree
’tII 9q
are ens eyecct rcyei rs cps yo Loom sees gen 80 ise t e~
brwxvcrtz xv ens assess ct fess IrA esen“
3 ersi‘
0
ic eevg use for qexeeqen3 , 9 c ease”Byerns x pe e cbbeeyeq
‘
«Brsvutrz t fl rwrws as «fie era i sdrrl fl attened pecssse sc i ences:
ap e grs'oo exc eeqeq ape coc oon npvop qereuqeug M 8 8 encycj eq no
tsp qeboeys {on ne cronecror 0 ; one eeni rec e rg apes In eui ensue
° 3 ¢'P1189 9 O L GQ Tt’
hIa IHFTIL c ongeoqe tne : qfi ld uqd fi k qfimq fi q 3
£& O IA 9 pyyyrnd benycqe one agrfyei moi necoxt e e oc ep qehoexc no
c oneemen pe e peso qej rodneue gpnoe on mono gems? arroyo one be ecoqrod
e t c to pee necc nq'
$no dec ency onqen boosyqe e poop opens e
no'3 rec no
'0-9 Lemme eoq ccnqrpz oe e Loo vbbj roscrou Loo ge t ayes
EO A Q LnTEQ oeeeprrepe eog or eneeyi e‘
ego'*
one qereeqeofi le eepeqnye e
gee Irfynoro commenc e generoeyoo‘corona } onqen 3 0
‘103
spe c no q no; neoeooct open one qcmenqog hei nous on see engi ne pr;r*
spe c one poyenoe peg pe en rogeo cone or In one eonennhgoi t end
orc z eoeneyoueq pr]; no penqei eq one emc ees core“perrynd roe seepre i
bogrgreu°
He goesrxyeg ape : open pe oeqe poo Delmevt or see
coonco pi e { use hold e r: or gp c qepe ye peg Jregeq to pro penxnnbpc i
open no qrg mop open GO E bIGIU one: qcxouqenn ne e e ggeebcz ud go
0 ; one geneng { on one ce ep qebc egp‘
Ii we cloc k ( nee gee geenyeeni
3 0 noon runneq so ope IJIruore Commenc e ccemz e eyou go eombj eru
eocc eee‘the runete euryon or gee geyseq grease age pnreg goons
*
wi res ope eennrc e nee oyeceoneoceq e j eru grz g eoedpo’stones;
ent ee t ede seq on; ab 9 goose} : or egg pegone Leegc i z nd ope eena z oe‘
orp e eq e are} embj oi e o or gereuqeug qeweoqeg specsueosi tn?“ $10
w rvxrtt escalated spec ULSG L tfifi eexA JG S e ds ereoow~
“on eoc cnop*,
onee u cenoode eeee'
or» or} : re a z emb ee a rty e L eo erbs can ee'ee‘
nacho; one on gyh*
re'
ape pee fonaet g z dni ee gen e Lee yng Irene
exec a change { on bneerooe eenexc e Lon gfs’
gg enq sconce e roger
tore PTII arouse eeeedee L°h one: EQ L TO Q at es'ee'
It conferueq
i on rye eeLAJena i eneyeyeq peene eu amyi Jeep eng yofioeg Igtp'
on rode nt ea‘Icee detonat e: sensv rncrti v truer pxrr
3
require under the terms of the general order . Pla i nti ff, immedia tely
after servic e was discontinued, sought i ts restorat ion . He c ontends
tha t the defendant th ereupon demanded a $25 cash deposit to establish
hi s credi t for the future . Defendant's testimony i s that it
requested s deposit of $15 . Plaintiff introduc ed i n evi denc e a
letter from the supervisor of the Public Service Division of the
Illinois commerc e Commission written to h im Sept ember 9 , 19 5 8 .
This refers to plaint iff's recent visi t and stated tha t on th e basis
of the previous 12 month hills "the credit deposi t requested $15
se ems to me to be reasonable . I t i s i n keeping wi th the Commission'sGeneral Order No. 109 This letter then referred to the
informa tion that pi ni nt i ff hen giv en, tha t hi s future requirements
for gas and electric ity would be less than the post . I t advised
pla intiff tha t as a consequenc e the commission had recommended and
the def endant had agreed to ac cept the credit of This
deposit was thereafter made by the plaint iff and la ter refunded to hi m,
Pla inti ff says that hi s service was discontinued wi thout
notic e or demand and cennlsi ns tha t def endant offered no evidence
to show tha t it gave the five day notic e required by the general
order . In this issue as well as the foregoing issues pla int iff had
the burden of proof . He t estified that he rec eived no notic e , oral
or wri tten, before the discontinua tion of the servic e . Defendant‘s
counsel showed plaint i ff a document for identi fication, asking if
he had rec eived the original . Pla inti ff sai d he had not . This
document was offered i n ev idence but was excluded on plaintiff'sobj ec tion that i t was a copy and no not ic e had been served on
plainti ff to produc e the original.
Defendant's superintendent at Calume t Gi ty testifi ed
tha t he had known plainti ff who was a good customer for 20 years
Len she s aana grass cpe 1nq5 aens o; spa mmwyayb fl r conng
oombré rwsq 0 ; on aphnfi‘
no weeq Us: oomez qen ape mwficsxfl
erfl c é 357 3 It qrnaz ugraut wag no apnae a; qxac nagrca ye a psan
fifiq'sps ac q fi t i nag sp erL bnya zreé a Huge» Pfi fi bxeasxc e Vfi fi
‘
at t ecbl zp é xsot gag exec spa c onuc,a L egfi fi fi } no fixaug p z e a cgrow
so 3p? ru eenbo§ sgrcu a ; spa oxyfirnfiy ga fiysaarbz 0 g caaxzmank In ryen
bj srugxzx combyfl yma spwc qez auea connz gx L agfi aeq go g ggbaysce
fi Q firué c cue mg urxea; a egfinc a; spa sgrq evae’
at é finfioélewk cpfi 3L19 1 1aqfis, e qsaxerou an cp aes u ne aprona ye
duaacraul
oz cneqrps ck e; xpg fi rgueaee e A KE LO L £N 8 £LI€I coaas’
gaz es {socfi ar yaaz é a'
Lp Q c é nng Laanq aesyuag bywyngrz g‘
age
as pc a§ harnesq an; ape oongryog o; aseptmO fi l 0m gg cse
GKEIGG'
z fi nz pex caresses gysg aye fi z rszew vofifcg A 3 9 sang Lnom fins aorta?
saunas} ? 5g re saga pag e qegq vng wwq é we eggaag $0 rugaaqace
u m M agm a“ pm $5 flew an en w pm W e dfl ew rw m fi m; fifw uxu xfi
no mayecefi nosrae excen gga fig ng&abpch betfgrgn use L3Ifi q suq pegcb e
aggxea‘pns
f
pk xz ce acrvsg ez n Q‘
agyw g é g gzwagl fi g fi $ 133 L agsnaua e
a vg $3 3 3 spec fie: pk ,qsz suqsn¢ , a gayfimac are}
age afl pagvuas- ag spa paywnna a; gys a19vefis¢a fiangrva fig
‘gsasyé evh
ga, a gayq paa e~
go msxe a Q Q b0 8 7 35“ ape argfifia é ananeaeq'
“an grq'“
43 644
YWILLIAM 0 . REVIS,
Appellee,
SUPERIOR. COURT
000K 00 UNTYOAppellant .
HR. PRESIDING JUSTICE RILEY DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE OOURT.
mai n i s a personal i njury ae ti en, The owner or a bui ld
i ng and hi s tenant , a roomi ng house Operator, were both sued .
The tenant Blanche noes was dismissed before tri al by sti pula ti on
pursuant to a covenant not to sue , for wh i ch pla i nti ff rec eived
The Jury re turned a general verdi c t of gu i lty against
Thompson, here inafter called defendant , and assessed plai nti ff's
damagao at It returned also an inc onsistent Spec i al
verdi ot . Plainti ff moved to set aside both verdic ts and for a
Ben'tri al. Defendant moved i n the alterna tive for Judgment notwi th
standing the general verdic t or for a audgnent pursuant to the
spec i al verdi et . Qhe tri al court granted plai nti f f's motions and
ordered a new trial . Defendant was granted leave to appeal from
tha t order . Gene . 110 , Per . 301 111 . Rev . Sta te .
The be i ldi ng at dfidd Kimberk Avenue , Ghi eago, Illi noi s
was purehased by defendant i n 19 51 . It was then an old 12 apartment
bui ldi ng. Aft er defendant ac quired i t i t was divided into small
apartments, In 19 3 9 defendant leased the bui ldi ng and Blanche Mose
opera ted i t and collected the rents. she employed plai nti ff and
hi s wife and they lived in the bui ldi ng . They collec t ed rents for
her and plai nti ff did Jani tor work .
pc t eve brd tvcrtt qxq iourson eoox‘
PT! A txe wnq aneh Ira eq In cps onrrez ufi'
test c orrecxcq LanceLon
obet t geq 7 g ouq c offeessq ape t ango“
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b j ernprxg euq
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use bnt ope eeq p i qexeneenp In 13 3 I*
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egcuqrnd ope Q enexey ne i qyog on { on e Qngdmenz boneoeng so cue
non anxwf’
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nonqyog*
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gemwdee ea IS t ogn nneq tree t o xeoeuez eaouc obeoyer
Lnombeou’penorneggen correq qexenqeug
‘one eeee eaeq byerncyz g, e
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’
$no lend L ecnt uog e denot e; nenqreg o; Enri ch sdeyoe:
boneoeng go 1 conced e : no; go one“z en mpTGp bye;n:rxg L S O Q IA O Q
mp0 goofing grandee nose not oxewyeeee pez ene gnyej pi efirbmye gyoe
Ind enq pro senouc’a nooe gofi pooao obenecon
‘none poop eoeq
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Lye annex o; e perfe
HH'bHdBIDXnG fidddlcd RIPEI DEFIAEfl ED ten Ooldloa Oi LEE GOBBd
‘
coon oomenx‘
nonven isomoeon‘
otherlee'
u rmm o'mu e
’
c; spy: ca se ncdnz acq spec gee c osh: enact a emere rs rye xenon
no carqencs c; ssh neaxyfiesc e on eye bong seq new: rec orient egesce e
ysZsLi°
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qenc are : It rs qz e‘uni agoreggcn nee cps bscxrneps canes ox
De tescvvc . w ceases: castes cps: eve osqrusece ebsrrcstrsuq
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xszrrnd no bnc ayqe sue ee zsgeyn e serene } ; on are enz yme speynnez ,
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‘
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as egebbeq on no s
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aebcswpen ss’Iess
‘brwzusrz t use Intak esserfs on FT?
5
eeeee ee of the speei al verdi c t of the Jary. The spec ial verfii ct
at the Jury was that the absence of the handra il was ne t the
peexi ea te cause of the plei mtlfr'e injury. The i neonsi etenoy i s
qeparent from. whet we said about the eendi ti en of the pl eadings
on whi eh the ease wee submitted to the Jury .
Whe qeeeti en before us i s whe ther the trial court abused
i ts di eereti on i n setting aside the verdic ts and grant ing pla i nti ff
who trial under eenei fiere tlon i s the eeeend i n this
li ti gati en. The result at the first trial was a general verdi c t
ef guil ty agai eet defendant aeee eei ng damages at a general
verdic t of net guilty as to Bleeehe Mesa; and a epee i al verdi c t
finding tha t the ebeenee er a headrei l was not the proxima te cause
of plaintiff's lné urY fee trial court granted plaintiff a new
trial an to beth. de£ee é ante . Elemene M eee applied to this ecar t
fer leave te appeal . Leave was deni ea. ( Opi ei en No.
There i s na di epnte in the evi eenee . Eefendant admi ts
eei li ng . He Bela there had been nene Sines he became owner .
Plaint i ff need the etelrwey many times eei ly. Hi s feet
and fell eewe the stairs, The eel; te eti eeny bearing on the absenc e
or the haefirall i s plaintiff's sta tement that he "was trying to oateh
Fla inti ff says there have been tne verd i ete i n hi s favor
and tha t he ehoule have a trial on the issues. Def endant refers
us to the tee epeei el verdic ts on the pree i ee question of the absence
or the heedeai l consti tut ing the proximate cause of plainti ff's
ruflaxk'
oz cps penet ery convergucrufi cps bxoxreeee c ea eo o; breye5} xx,e
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perq o; somesp i ue co egob m1 Lwrr*
3
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eyrbbeq on eomegpymfi geqep yea an ape yeuqrufi'
He j eep pee peyenoc
breeuarz t neee cps eaetne ek week £7 5 9 ? eerfl'
HIE z oos
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qexeaqeuc . e IIWPT}T&3 wkrarni wasat £96 ”paeuco ox awe wwfi qsfirr'
gas Qumran pag e Lomnq errxc ea sfie aba attra dua aarou a;
420 54, 480 5 5 , 420 56 and 420 5 7
BLANGHE B. GIBDENS and CHIGAGO TITLE
e TBEST GGMPANY, as Trustee under the
Last Wi ll and Testament of LOUIS M »
SQ UMER Deceased, ELAINE R. REINHARDT APPEAL FROMand enisseo em s e enter conqu er, asExecutore of the Last Wi ll and Testamentof BENJAHIK J. RosENTHAL, Dec eased,HANNAfi ROSENTHAL
,GLADYS R . TARTIERS, CIRCUIT COURT
ELAINE R. BEINHARDT and 0 TITLE
THEE? QGMPANI, as Trustees under the
Last Wi ll and Testament er BENJAKIN J:COOK COUNTY.
Pla i nti ffs Anpellants,
V t
Defendants Appelleee .
M 3 0 JgfiTICE BURKE DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COURT.
wheee appeals are from decrees di smi ssi ng for want of
sani ty four c omplainte fi led by lessees of the Board of Educa t i on
or the C i ty of Shi eago, seeking to set asi de apprai sals of si x
lots, enclnei ve of improvements, located i n block 142 , School
Sec t i on .hddi tlon to Chi cago, These lot e, together wi th other
property i n block 142, are known as "School Fund Property." The
appra i sals were made by three apprai sers as or M ay 8 , 19 3 5 , i n
purenenee of the terms of c ertai n leases wherei n the Board of
Educati on i s the lessor and the plai nti ffs-tenants are the
lessees, finder the terms cf these leases appra i sals were
requi red to he ma de every 10 years and the amount or rental fi xed
at 6% of the value of the lots, For i nstance , the rental for
the 10 year peri od following M ay 8 , 19 3 5 would be 6% of the value
or each of the lots as fi xed by the apprai sers as of tha t date .
The ci rcui t court , after heari ng the evi dence , found that the
equi ti es i n each case were wi th the defendant and decreed tha t
eeeh complaint be di smi ssed for want of equi ty. From these
I myugwxc anxgrcren: no nurj tgl ayc chbna;asr In ewe on cry a;
tn oA Q LA1 7 a7 ufi £9 . bxmbsxxk‘grq map so: Q LpIgL aLIIl
‘xpsl wage
Bownq go apt ebbavracxa wag pa cps fiLIUI c oax: cps: 1; age ebbnwyagna‘
I? In awoan c m gnu eaxqenco bmse eugsq on papaya 0; age gepeoy
eqobgrnfi 9 aerasgz ov “prep psq as Lsrecz ou no mange: AC I H O’
( q )
8 ! qz egrufin yapeq { now some pp acnogycyj A fi j fl e ) on pk emprcnwz yyl
ebb z vrasy ( gpwg ya’spa qsp eLq agyon 0 ; Lara cusp manyec asrne
curl pl 9 mz &:wxe In spa oanc abgres 3 g rye q QBGg mangsn 0 1 cps
Avxnc on cps nuabengi'mparx LG Efi I gB e enxq pvas pe en L escpsq
wbDLWTE Q LB sz nraog a: a grafi a xsz ru 3 X § Q b 2 0 ; £3 8 aonag r myawea
a prep cps mg ng ec Awyne a; bnoooxgk z a qt eaawyueq'( Q ) gpe
re abhvneng cpfi g spa ubhxg z aena rauOq L ecogwyxaq agyvqsaqm pl
qua: gasyrcpye‘apc xae expwnas1A $11 b z eaeueaq as ape c ay
‘13
h arms 0; cps Icsw we on awl 8“raga
“abou cue pfl ara oz 8 11 zseefi vr
( 8 ) o whbnfixeena q neg qweenwrue spa LQ IL ca en ma z xsg
ewanj q‘
pwae qepam UGQ'
Efi‘
EEKE awe gg7 n away mangss ag i ng oz apsae
Q I Lanrg 0 0 3 m: 3 3 9‘when w cpanfi e o; cues G Ofi xg
0 1 ppm Jesaeafi
@p$ ebbxsrasx spauJ Q pa AG peev g ag wargs pm fins
L esmoa cpsLso; spa swbneyaer qrq U 0: oammrk M I Qp aye ab oaxayona
ape seq o; wbbxy z aena new spaxfixaas i mbnobanfl eowasrpa ceq'
pa
sbb&syeeae mane q7 a§awj rz yeq go 9 3 3 peefi fl aa 0 ; prg a ga g ons3mqyee‘
agsgsq wane absarzwfiwyrl’18 we gayj oasz L& Q a; pas
t nq cps pag e asyne e qecehmrucq pa spa aeaxg*
bxarngygz a , gpeonk’
pk gag fimbnara ang a spa: spa fibfibsrfare sgoarg pc 3 9 : serqa
brwrmcrz z e , n oaa ya sfiz g away a; can yoga use ea axaa j aaq
rya ¢eaangray
gge wwme' in wavy ease gym qegamgvu fi £7106 wu euaasn‘qeulrve
wag aaqesyanaq' '
:n fivsyn eacanfixgg'
ga e&m®nfia apex wfi a anpan grsjrz
eoaeorq gsq abt pfi Q LIfig‘
ape afixz rarene i oz gpo combyaynca we
qeeLoe a eebang ge wbbevra xena cvfi ew to ggra osnng avg R Q LG p ane
e
the following re spec ts: ( a ) by adopting a theoretical value
based on c erta in c omputations never used i n the purchase or sal e
of property and having no relation wha tever to market value,
such as the computa tions presented by one Fred J . Tucker , the only
wi tness appearing on‘
behhlf or the aohool Board before the
appraisers; or ( b ) by adopting a value designed to produc e rentals
which the eporsi sers thought the tenants ought to pay; or ( o ) by
adopting a soeoelaaivo future value ra ther than the ac tual market
value on newa, 19 85 , ( 5 ) The appraisers grossly overvalued the
lots to euoh a degree as to demonstra te that they disregarded
tknown oohdi ti ons essentia l to a Just sooerte i nment of vslue', and
tha t the velsos found. wero not the result of unbiased Judgment , but
we re the result of arbitrary and wilful sets, whi ch i s the
tequivaleh t of an intention to make a grossly exeeseive'appra isal .Sueh gross overveloeti ens require the set ting eside of the appraisals
even in the shsehee of proof gliggggfthe t any one of the appraisers
was disqualified or hissed, If any one of these grounds be me i hw
tai ned, the aeprei sals should be set asi de and the fa i r cash market
value or the six lots determined by the court in the amounts for
whi ch. ths pla inti ffs eontendo‘ fno defendant‘s theory, i n i ts
eesenoe, i s s nega tion of sash of the grounds sta ted by plaint iffs.
The properti es involved are lots 5 , 7 , 31, 5 2 , 5 5 and 54 ,
all loosted on the west side or sta te Stre et , between Madison and
Monroe streets i n the Gi ty of Ghi eego, ?hey are i n the heart of
the c i ty‘s chi ef re ta il merohandi si ng distric t . Esoh is an inside
lot, having a frontage of 24 feet and a depth or 180 feet , to a
15 foot alloy running north and south i n the rear, We give a brief
qeaonrhzren oz tne ever&e «was erwe 0: awe firecx 9 : I: extaxsq
1g z oos 0 13 0 1 Lannrufi WO Lgp cnq $9 fi £§ In spa LGQ L ’3 0 £15 9 c pure;
Jae;at arwfi w gunfiavfio 9 ; 8¢ £ 3 9 3 avg v «t b flw 6; ISG nee t
’ts w
3p . e z gi ,e ogre; Legg y: menapvnqrexua gyucz c‘ ‘
Esop ya 9 3 rfi arqa
gauges gansag;rs ape arsa e; cpyeefio'
gnei was 3m spa pefl sg a;
a]; Iacc poq on eye me an alg a on a£fi t9 9 9 L0 3 5’pega g on HV Q Yfi g fl fi fl q
ape bxobez exe a Jnaora eq fine Iasa 2’A‘Q I'98‘9 9 Eng
ceasvco‘Is 8 usfiscroa 9 1 away e; figs Rne fi nqa Q £B f®q pi Ergynarz xe’
up?op cps bxsz fl przLe aonz emq’g é pe gageq n£ ,s gmsonk
‘i n
A t rue a; spa 8 7x raga qagsamymeq pk ape c oaxf z u ape amomuga Lox
aexmeq‘ape Ebbhsqeg j e epauj g pa ass asyqa wag ap e { syn 0 9 3? ma z gos
ass qz edfi gryxysq an prseeq¢
II fl ux one a; spaae anonnqe po marv
eA en In Rfl'apee fl c a 0 g bnso; spa: an} one a; spa ebbasxaeL e
gfl ap ena ah oa eLasj fi sgz aua L O Q HI LG spa as¢grn€ warqe 0 g ap e abbnwyeeya
,edargsx@ na 0; an yuz augrou 3 0 ways a finoa é yz axosaaraa , fi
-
bz yeg j'
a cne spa me agre o; skpxananh sag nrj gnr scca‘“pray { a gwc
3 9 3 : rpm AS IHQ B tomnq fl eas ne g spa Lsan j g o; fl upxe aeq Qaqfiwayc’
paa
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rose ca'aHOp a qsgbae we go gemanacav ge egg : gpwz qrsnefifimqaq
Agi ng ow xvi g’3 3 3 9
0
( a ) ape fibbuareena Rhe aarx OA Q LAWIfl Eq spa
wqehgrnfi a absc arapras ( agat e aejaa Lsgpsn cyan cps ac pnwy wvxxoc
A pyen ape ebbnvraeaa sgonfipg cps gefifinge amfifi} so belt on ( 0 ) pk
ennnsraexa . 9 L ( fl ) pl e qen ufi s Awrne qsarfiweq to b z oqnc e L encsfa
n;:u% en abbosxrnfi an papaya on spa gages} gowz q pagans cps
asap we age cambnaecronn bnefiaugsq pl one Eaeq q‘a xen
'ap e ouyl
a; bneh@ z ck se q pfi b ffi g no noye grgu mpfl gca es to wsnyac asyne‘
pa eeq an oenaeru c ombngsgyaue naa é n naaq ya gfi c baxcyvec on as} :
3 9 9 { crIenrnE Le abeoaa: ( 8 ) pk aqafiayufi s fipooz agrcar Asyae
17 L 3 b 5 ° °l kfi fl fig ¥U 9 3 70 § 3 Bfl TTQYfl g 3 £ l?“ U Q ¥ £F3 9 3 £ cannsu $1 285 2“
penaqung auq GLUIBOB ape 9 3 3 15 3 aceanq gicen'sag pana cea spew ¢p®1
lunepgnge Q IAIQGQ'
gpb Raenuq gyoeu°
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oecnhrgq pl cue ampgeuvnga‘
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fierrsfi’ mené pwuqrarna .fi emon ,a
.n3 & é Twfinoaoq R yan a eeaw sgragrh mam Beg an agonh’
gynsbz oog Pfi I Igtfifi
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$21 m as t he w as SQ sag an»new mw n oq
' w e" m rose
Inge 9 avg gr rs wv ayrefi t annyp fi eweswag a eaa‘
gya saucy e;
xgoeflscembani ‘awake Ia couqmcscq 9 3 a sang so gr*ce acoz s
'gaamesy
rufixeaeq nygp s EGA Q H agonl z z xebnoog pfi z jqrufi oeeabz eq pa gym g'3‘
nameu me fl ags any WIIITQ CKR'max; 6 5 3 rose a] anq gg
‘pnao IHAQ IAQ Q
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nou—zrnsbnoo; parrqtafi oacsbrsq pk gexe nxa’eufiaasq In asxewanqz arnfi
( was rnAaj aeg ) q otnynfi yes 5’use rmbaoasq myay w 9 7x agoz i eyq
pnrq ug sag occmbraq pa spa gag Boprn Ha fi z exk gcmbwnl'
res 8’
yuanra é q’ syrep ave rmbL fl a eq fl xgp c u ej q asses agonl nan-1:5 sbxoog
xnsafis Q ewbsul g suq IO c ons agoxs‘ “3 3 3 ya you 5
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a“
runornaq ) eacp wwnrafi cps esws gnoueé é e wag qeksp as Joe 9"
fi cne
w 1! w a ger-ark qrw osz ov use new 9 & 9 e row q’a w e; e
’
( 1m
gc agrs Lpewgne‘avg enaafieq {a menopq tstnfi aou , a meax‘ bsac asqgufl
Lyoexa g yms ooc fl bz eq pa .@wgsrkr &psgyez fl ags» w afl pysse e { LOW ape
oeasbrsq pl sp fl assays gnascng Q fi spa abofl nq {Joan a zpe abbeL
At rae to a: 13 9 5 9 In spra os 'ya gpo 3 1mm 0 ; spa abbngyeg] 7: a g e
3 1 as: gene rnaeyaeq' ~
vqioz ura§ tyre bxobengl ya 19 3 g‘space
gnu awry pk axgz eea‘paspfl a z nfl sows Legg y; egone a
'apra baz aar
re n Lrnebxoo; eprawfim nayfqywfi‘oeaebqafi Jags I say 3
'.A I£U a
on raggfi
v: cue soagnnea; 9 0 x3 3 ; 01 ag gresn'
wnq acwcs gaug es:
the ori ginal leases, dated M ay 8 , 1880 , were to exp i re
by the i r terms on M ay 8, 19 50 . Supplemental leases da ted June 15 ,
1888 by the i r terms expi re on M ay 8 , 19 85 . The leases on the
respec tive lots are snhstanti ally the some . The ori gi nal leases
provi ded for the payment of a stipulat ed rental from M ay 8 , 1880
to M ay 8, 1885 . As to the rental payable for the remai nder of the
term, three "fii sereet male resi dents of the C i ty of Chi cago" were
to be appoi nted by the Board of Edncati on to determi ne the ttrus
cash value of sai d demi sed lets, not t aking i nto consi derati on the
taprevenents thereon,“as of Kay 8, 1885 . For the suc c eedi ng five
years, to M ay 8, 1899 , the rental was to be 6% or the “true c ash
value ,"as fi xed. hy the appra i sers as of M ay 8 , 1885 . Each fi ve
years thereafter, unti l the termi na ti on of the leases, apprai sers
were i n like manner to be appoi nted by the Board of Educ at i on, and
the-
rental i n sash ease for eeeh succ eedi ng f i ve years was to be 6%
or the tree sash value so found by the apprai sers so or each M ay 8th.
Li ti gati on ensued st the i nstsnee of the lessees, over the fi rst
appraisal of Hay 8 , 1885 , Some t ime pri or to Jane 15 , 1888 a
osmpremi se was reached, whi sh resulted i n the supplemental leases
of that date . Eho supplementa l leases provi ded tha t new appra i sals
should be made as of May 8, 189 5, and that apprai sals were to be
made on eooh .hay 8th. every ten years thereafter . The method of
appointi ng apprai sers was ehanged. Insteaa of the Board of Educa ti on
appoi nting all three, i t was to appoi nt one , who was to act as
chai rman. the judge or the Gi reui t Court ( new the Di stri c t Court )
of the Bni tt d states, Northern Di stri ct of Illi noi s, was to appoi nt
a second . and a thi rd was to be sppoi nted'
by the Judge of the Proba te
Gourt of Cook fiennty. It i s to be not ed that the tenants have no
voioe in the choi ce of any of the apprai sers. Si nc e the executi on
of the supplemental leases, apprai sals have been ma de as of the
roam . bw n'qo ‘m a me n am e M N m w an n a pl m v! at. W O
fi ogfi lfi 3533 61. £9 0 m a mm al: 9; m m Sbbw rasm'
two w hbremengar
sagnbboggahem .apieog{a§ go aah wfi pz ah‘ggxmfi oz busessq fi eonnecisq
v'pyz aag In cps oaxaz ggrgxeaasa bgeaxqsa ggac Je aRQ aa epwry ps
ssageas‘
hangqqaipexasq
'“ $§ Q {xggg bg nsexsbp 0; eye ambbj emengsx I caaa a
ruaesqmana l zpfi g gpa haz eana abboyngeq e a abbac z eab e ‘psnanvqeb‘0 L
qeqygneq pl figs hfl nngea _pehsco 399 ; 15 18 b og gpo munboae o; gpra
Lej faaa: a £9 gasenmyue avqen aspy grxec guy; pgxen‘ggw gLaa
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a; ape 3133 a; cpyefifie’ was Isganaageq 3 9 16 9 3 9 0 on mexg$seao oz
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7
may re joi n wi th in 10 days after the rec e i pt of the lessor'estatement or argument,
The followi ng provi si ons of the leases i ndi cate the
breadth . of the eppra i eere'di screti on:
t t The solefrovi ei cn of the four preceding pro
vi si ons is to a llow the part on to present to the appra i sers
i nformati on wi thi n thei r possessi on and thei r v i ews concern ingthe value of the demi sed lend . But i t i s expressly understoodand agreed that the appra i sers abni l not be concluded i n any event
by the statements so made, but shall be at li berty to eeek or
obta i n eneh i nformati on no they deem perti nent ei ther wi th or
wi thout noti ce to the parti es, and to make thei r apprai sal upon
all fac ts wi thi n thei r knowledge , notwi thstandi ng anythi ng con
ta i hoa i n the eai é . wri tten statements above ppovi ded for . Tha t
notwi thstandi ng anythi ng i n ea ia lease contai ned the eppra i eere
ehali he at li berty i n formi ng the ir Judgment of the value or
the lane. wi thout i nclndi ng the value of the i mprovements the reon,to take into eenei derati en i f and ao for as they deem i t perti nent
the improvements on each land and the cha racter , conp
hoot , rental expenses and other part i culars thereof ,fac ts or informati on from whatever source beari ng
upon th e questi on of the ac tual value of sai d land, and i t sha llbe the du ty of the lessee to farni eh arpra i eere promptly on request
a statement showi ng the rental rec ei p ts and di o‘
oe reement e on
accoent er eei d improvemente for fi ve years as near as may be
next prefii fiing the time of the apprai enento“
In i nc t ime appra i sere were appoi nted to .meke appra i sals
of school fend properti es as or May 8, 19 5 5 , Among these prop erti es
were the lots in questi on. The Board appoi ntea_ eeorge B . Carpenter,
a former judge of the fini tea states Di stri ct Conrt, Judge James H .
Wi lkerson, then seni or judge of the wh i ten Sta tes Di etri et Court,
appoi nted Peel Steinbreehor, The Judge of the Probate Court
appointed Wallace G . gi ant . the persona appoi nted by the two Judges
were i n the rea l estate busi ness wi th offi ces i n the c entral
busi ness di stri c t . Wi thin the time and i n the manner provi ded i n
the leases, the tenants ri led obJeeti one to the appointment of
Steinhreeher and Clark, The objec ti ons were groanded on the claim
tha t both were di squali fi eqfi The basi s or those content i ons were
fully stat ed i n the respec ti ve obj ec ti ons, After heari ngs before
the reepeeti ve appointi ng judgee, the appli ca ti ons for reeonei dore
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9
eaeh of wh i ch stands an i ts own fe c ti ng: First , tha t the apprai sal
was made by an i llegally eonsti tuted board of appraisers, twn or
whan'
i orc disqual ified , and second , tha t the apprai sal was so
exocaai ve and so i rweoonollable wi th readily obta inable fac ts and
recogni z ed ptandarda at valae as $9 show'
tha t the appraisers ac ted
arbitrarily, committing a eonstrac tive fraud, or made a mistake
i n the eanecptlon of the i r duties. We turn to a consi derati on of
plainti ff“ contentm n tha t the appraisal should be set asi de because
tne or the agprai serm were biased ana prejufl i e ed, and were ther efore
disqualified to aofia mhe objecti ans are di reeted against Paul
Steinbrvehar, who was also a 192 5 appraiser, and walla ce G. Charts
Glark and J . Ei lton Trainer were partners fer ever 40 years under
the firm name at clark aha Trainer , Whi le Ste inbrecher was an
appra iser in 19 25 , Trainer was a sehoel board value wi tness i n the
apprai sal of fihat year¢ stei nbreaher Joined i n the appraisal wh i ch
measured fins increase in value be tweea 1915 and 19 25 a t Trainer,
Glark‘s puffinar, sponaersd as a wi tness for the Board these same
values in. the 19 25 litigation; Plainti ffs assert tha t alafik was di s
qualified i n aat as an appraiser bacauae at hi s partnership wi th
Trai ner“wh1¢h > pvevantea hi m from exerc i nlng hi s free and independent
JQ Agmsnt as an apprai ser, The partners had an intima te personal
rolattenshi p axfiwnai ng ever a perisd of 45 years, Thay awned real
catate in camnan. fl he i r~
partnershi p agreement requ ired tha t thsy
ehara equally tbs axpennes ana profits of tho partnerahi p busi ness.
It i neludea a ahare i n fees earnnd by Trainer as an appraiser and
expert wi tness, aafi xai ee i aaluand the fees Glurk. eh argod for hi s
wart i cee as a 19 55 Sabaoi Board apprai serm
pat tian of tha wart done by Trai ner'was dons i n the fi nmfs otti ee .
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was not until Oc tober, 19 3 4 tha t the apprai sal reports were prepared.
On February 9 , 19 5 5 Glerk was appei nted as one of the School
Beard appraisers, less than four months after the R . F . C .
appra isals by Trainer and fucker . The R . F . 0 . appra isals were
made wi thin si x months of the 19 5 5 appra isal da te of May 8, 19 3 5 ,
Plaint iffs point out tha t the firm ha d been pa id for
the Rs F. G. appraisals, that Glark had shared i n these fees, and
that he was net at liberty to depart snbstanti ally from the 19 3 4
values wi thse t reluc tanc e and embarrassment . Pla i nti ffs sta te
that clerk knew that finder the partnership agreement he would be
obliged to share hi s 19 5 5 appraisa l fees wi th Tra iner , that sinc e
he shared i n Tra iner‘s fees and Tra i ner would share i n Clark's
19 5 6 appraisal fees, Glark eonld net substantially depart from
the Tra i neri i ueker values, when so short a time intervened be tween
Geteber, 19 5 4 and M ay 3, 19 5 5 , Plaintiffs argue tha t Clark was
not free to exerei ee the bread di screti en repesed i n hi m by the
leases, and tha t clerk had a predilec t ion ,whether conscious or
nneensei eus, to sustain substantially the appraisals of hi s partner ,
made a few nenths before e
i t i s interest ing to note tha t i n the 19 25 c ase the
values gi ven by Trainer were the values which thi s court ultima tely
fixed as the true cash market values as of M ay 8 , 19 2 5 . The
appra isal date with which Tra iner was eecnp i ed was M ay 8, 19 25 and
the appraisal i n which Clark partic ipa ted toek plane as of M ay 8,
19 5 5 . Glark d i d not partic ipate i n the R . F, O . appraisal . The
report went out ever the signa tures of Tra iner and Tucker . In
ear epi ni en, the feet tha t Glark was a partner of Tra iner and
tha t they partic ipa ted i n the fees, did not disqualify Clerk;r
13
was arbitrary and not the exercise of judgment; tha t the appraisers
disregarded readily obtai nable tests; tha t the appraisal i s without
basis i n fast; and tha t the appraisers and defendant's experts
mi soonoei ved the meaning of fair oash market value . Plaintiffs urge
tha t the appraisers mistakenly followed the role la id down In the
Ha tter of Board of Wa ter dupply of New York, 277 N . Y. 45 2, of
“Fair , economic , Just and equitable value under normal condi t ions,"
rather than the Illinois rule , and compla in tha t al though the
appraisal of i gae gave full offset to an 865 i norease in market
value over the preVi ons appra isal year of 1915 , the appraisers in
19 55 allowed only a 15 reduet i on from the values fixed i n
19 25 . Defendant replies that a decline i n values as of May 8 , 19 5 5
was recogni z ed and considered by the appra isers and was fully
reflec ted i n their values;
In sonei deri ng these losses, the depress Court i n
‘gggggg‘
v . ggggg or ginoet i on,254 111 . 45 8, said ( 45 5 )
“The role i n this State has been tha t the fi ndings of
appraisers are oonslssive upon the part ies in the absenoe or fraudor mi stake and will not be set aside merely heeanse the valua tion
the parties were enti tled to an honest appraisal, free
of trend or mistake . The partiespresent ed test imony and exhibi ts
as to every element tha t could reasonably throw light on the market
value of this land as of May e, loser Goneededly, this land i s
very valuable and has never been offered for sale , Only one witness,
Tucker, testified as an expert for the Board before the apprai sers.
As we have observed, one of the appraisers was an able, honest and
respec ted retired Jurist , and the other two were real esta te men
of standing who had a vast experi enee i n appraising real esta te i n
the sentral business di stri ot . Under the losses the appraisers were
not confined to the testimony and exhibi ts presented to them. They
'were at liberty to seek and obta in sash information as they deemed
pertinent , and to asks their appra isal upon all raots°
wi thi n the ir
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Gi eero, Illinois. At the time of their marri age this property was
owned by Anton Troj an and Ella Trojan, husband and wife , who
lived i n the basement apartment . Followi ng the marriage of plai nti ff
and defendant , they teturned to C i cero, where they lived i n the
first floor apartment at 2101 South 61st Avenue , formerly occupied
by defendant and her mother . They li ved there until Wednesday,
M arch 10 , 19 45 . No eh i ldron were born of the marri age . Pla i nti ff
was employed as a clerk i n a"hand books“ In 19 43 defendant was
employed i n a defense plant i soe tes close to her home .
Pla int i ff testified tha t some times he pa i d the rent to
the Trojans and somethmes hi s wife pa id it ; that he di d not remember
who pai d the rent i n January, 19 45 ; tha t he did not remember having
a conversation wi th M rs or Mrs. Trojan i n January or February,
1943 rela tive to the Mat teis'vaeati ng the first floor apartment;
tha t i n eonversati ons wi th the landlords, they told hi m tha t they
( the hatteis‘) could stay there as long as they wished; that they
never told him to get set; tha t M r. Trojan di d not tell him tha t
the Trojans wished to mov e from the basement to the first floor
apartment; tha t during the first part of Marsh , 194 5 defendant told
hi m ( plaintiff ) tha t she was going to look for another flat; tha t
he obj ec ted; and tha t “evidently
" she found another fla t . Ashdd
as to whether he was ever i n the fla t she moved to, he answered i n
the affirmative . Asked as to whe ther he was there on M arch 10 , 1943 ,
he answered: "No." Asked as to whe ther he had any knowledge prior
to the evening of M arch 10 , 19 45 tha t h i s wife was moving, he
answered: ”Yes,“ Asked as to where he acquired tha t knowledge , he
answered: ”From her ." Asked as to whe ther he did not he lp carry
”the stuff " out to the moving van, he answered tha t he did not see
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to gi ve him a di vorce; tha t sinc e that date the only conversati on
tha t he had wi th her was i n requesting her to gi ve hi m a divorc e;
and that he never asked her to come book and l ive wi th him.
Elle Ten jan, whe , wi th her husband , owned and lived i n
the basement flat at 2101 South Slot Av enue , C i c ero, c alled by
pla inti ff , test i fi ed tha t plaintiff and defendant occupi ed the
f i rst floor apartment . In answer to the questi on:“And they moved
thei r furni ture out of the apartment that they occup i ed?“ she
answered: “They di d ." Asked as to whethe r any property we e left
after the part i es moved, ehe eei d she di dn‘t go upstai rs, and
She di d not know whether plai ntha t plainti ff brought the key.
Wi th ees knew defendantt i ff or defendant had ealled . the movi ng van .
pri or to her marri age to plai nti ff and knew plai nti ff from the time
They lived i n her bu i ldi ng conti nuously
Hrs. Troj an testi fi ed
of the marri age i n 19 39 .
from thei r ma rri age unti l M arch 10 , 19 43 .
further that sometimes pla i nti ff pa i d the rent and someti mes
defendant pa i d the rent; tha t pri or to M arch 10 , 19 45 she told
defendant that they ( the frojann) wi shed to move to the flat on the
fi rst floor; tha t at the time plai nti ff returned the hey a day or
two after Heron 10 , 19 43 , ehe ( Hrs. Trojan ) gave hi m book some of
the rent he pa i d for the month of M arch: tha t they ( the Trojans)
moved i nto the fi rst floor flat about three months after M arch 10 ,
19 43 3 and that the reason for the delay i n mov ing was tha t they had
to do c ertai n remodeli ng .
Anton Trojan, one of the Joi nt owners of the bui ldi ng
i n'fihi eh plai nti ff and defendant li ved, c alled by defendant, testi fi ed
that he was subpoenaed by plai nti ff; tha t i n 19 59 , followi ng the
marri age of pla i nti ff and defendant, he (wi tness) told plai nti ff
that thsy ( the Trojans) wanted to li ve i n the basement; tha t la ter
Hrs. Trosan got si ck; that he di d not l ike to live i n the basement:
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hi s work; that he some baok two or thre e weeks la ter after she
was settled; that ho still didn't l ike the fla t; tha t he did not
request hor to live wi th him at any other plac e; tha t si nc e the
separation she saw him two or three times; and tha t she went to
Attorney Sopor‘s offi os at the request or her husband . On c ross
oxah i hati oh , questioned as to whe ther she asked her husband to
go and look at the new fla t before the moving day, she answered
i n the affirma tive , and said he replied:”Time enough when we
move." Further on trons-examina tion aha testified tha t on M arch 10 ,
19 45 he told hor he was moving to a hotel . aha denied tha t he
told her that he di d not want to move . She stated tha t prior to
harsh 16, 19 45 a complaint for diverse was fi led by her.
hrs. Buhlap test ified that she was wall aoqfia i ntod wi th
defeh fl aht; tha t the was not aoquai htsd wi th plainti ff, but knew
hi m; tha t on North 13 , 19 45 she saw plainti ff carrying baskets
out; and that on that day she saw hi m oohnooti sg the stove i n the
new fla t . Plainti ff, resollad to the stand, denied that ho oohneoted
tho gas stove i n tho how'
apartmoat; sta ted tha t the moving van was
at the ola_plaoe around noon tins; and tha t about o. h . he
ht lpcd hi s wife sorry bundles out to tho oar . On di reot examina tion,
i n answer to a question as to whe ther he took hi s wife over to the
new plaoo, he answorooz “I never took her over there .” Oh cross
examina tion, i n ahswer to a question as to whother he took her
olothoo over there , ho replied: “Took some things over there ,
not tha t day you, that day, tha t i s right ."
Gver the ob jec tion of dotssdaat the court received as
ovi donoc a note whi oh she admitted sending to hi m shortly after
north 19 , 1948 , readi ng:“John: Ihu may have all everything I
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Ploasc , I want it that way. Isur wish i s my wi sh. so that shouldn‘t
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live in the basement apartment . In February, 19 4 3 M rs. Trojan
became ill and her husband became dissa tisfied wi th their apartment .
M r . Trojan testified tha t he told pla i nti ff tha t they ( the Trojans)
would like to have the fi rst floor flat for themselves. Abou t
the same time M re . Trojan oonveyed the name request to defendant .
Defendant testified tha t during the same month she informed plaintiff
tha t they must vacate the flat bonanae of the request so to do by
the landlords. She loca ted a fla t at 1801 Lombard Avenue , C icero,
about four bloeke from where they were living . She t estified tha t
one asknd plaintiff to name over and look a t it and tha t he said
there would be time enough to look at it when they moved . Pla intiff
made no effort to obtain another dwelling plac e . Defendant made
the arrangementa for moving . Plainti ff helped her wi th. the packi ng
and oarri ed out some things i n bushel baskets, which he put i n hi s
ear, and also drove defendant to the new flat . He told her tha t "as
long as you are going to move, I will help you .“ He also told her
that as lens as she was leaving he was going to ask for a divorc e .
When he re turned the keys to the Trojans they gave hi m back part of
the M arch rent . He than went to live with hi s mother .
the burden was on plaint iff to prove hi s case by a pre
ponderanc e of the evi denee . The ev i deneo shows that the Trojans
wanted the first floor apartment , than oeonpi ed by plaintiff and
de fendant . Anparently, because of the Bri endshi p betwe en the landlords
and the tenants, thorn was a willingness on the part of the tenants
to comply wi th the request . rho evidenc e strongly supports defendant'scontention tha t with pla i nti ff‘s ooneent she rented another apartment
i n the vic i ni ty and moved there . He helped her i n the moving and
than dooli ned to li ve wi th her. He did not offer to make another home
for bar . In fac t , he testi fi ed. tha t thei r only conversat ion thereafter
related to hi s requoeta for a di vorce . The evi denee i n thi s case
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s
ape combysrmg na e q:amraasq*
gpfi L GG O Lq ta erremn e go
no: wbbgsn apex ape fines mncp spon: spa qxaonc e aewbyxrvg mprcp ape
eon: gym spongy; a z gex gye asbexagyos°
haom pea psegymowl It avg
wasynag prm baton as gwxcp rg’jafg
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neLonRIk on ave Lsas n s qez enqvug grrsq v soai rng go; qraomoe
In euqc onrufi gs aneeawm cps qesnes byan yz ; L GI IQ B
q ngsgoq ggg g ye Ase go 36 3 c qz aonc e*
on ape gal on cps moarna byvrugrz z saxoq gsgaq u: { on w qTAaLeo
ape qr?nap fi at: go pa earogeq gorycmrng a Qfiqfiaang a; s coaLs*
t bcxcéé nx gsxsfi qsv; eennog pa opwneoq nygp qeeengron 9 9 0 9 5 6 3
apt moaoq pocvnee fps jwnq10 &q warc q cps banpres so A g esss gas“1 3
”
zrq v0 : mut e urcv ape £0 9 1 8 7? ab awe H a b i ts: nslvctovevtb‘
i s a gg a fl
ewe; sue ssbvnvcron use wastuec spa arr: 0: brai ncrxx'
Boxeq vs
yuccuqoq so seas; spa 13 3 711 LoysgyouepJB’uou goes I: shbesn
goes ”0 : oscvprrep swan v: ap e $13 3 on ape aebvnscroq GOxQVQ Wfl S
a
Pla i nti ff has fa i led to prove tha t defendant
in without any reasonable cause . We f ind tha t
the res is ai nst the maai fest weight or the evidenc e . The
i s reversed and the
manner lucon
a s enfi wi t thi s Opinion,
are nonx‘sag use & @ dnsag@ q awfl a H“ pa fi za an s banaxeu'“ anqaa
re qrxxrenz c ton FTW so Lnxcp eb avnkl on ave qncrfi a Ivorqeus so
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cps-
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an qwnneul Q‘13 3 9
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*
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N
swag spa fi gxesweug angry pa exasmqeq LO L 9 ( “L gp ex bez rcq o; xz ae
s xsqrua 0; {was pnfl qneg myysa { Lam spa 0 7 3 1 o; Qwrowao’e uq
cuat fixnfi In 9 combscyyfi pa arnc ee Lou a bg nyoq o; grae lasxa nygyrn
qe z sq nsmonpq bg h pxue 35 00 mougpjx 1; pa Legnsfueq LL O E
gS Q L II ga g gluq rce ce‘Inc
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’
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5 .
300K Q Ofl fiil'
vbbeyrea‘
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gy"
pac é t ueq‘
a; fine Eazwse oz cavwrxsE'PImE
‘wasmvr $3 03
s x x Bawmrxx’vuwruyaz nfi xnrx
??IQ Q
8
the terms of the contract , the defendant agreed to pay Li ne $200
monthly commenc ing January 51, 19 5 8 , unti l December 3 1 , 19 42 ,
prov i ded he di d not i nterfere di reotly or indirec tly wi th the
busi ness of the company wi thi n a radi us of 500 mi les or the c i ty
of Chi cago and did not di vulge to anyone trade secrets or i nformat i on
relati ve to the business or i ts customers, such as pr i se-li sts,
oorreooondonoe and reoords. P erti nent porti ons of Sec ti on 7 or
the agre ement further prov i ded“tha t in the event the sa i d Cha rles
E. Li ne fire , has rally oompli ed wi th the provi si ons thereof on hi s
part to be performed and has refra i ned from doi ng the thi ngs whi ch
he has agre ed to refrai n from doi ng , tha t the c ompany shall ,
at the end or the fi ve-year peri od herei nsbove provi ded, be earni ng
an amount i n oxeoss of per year, then thi s agreement sha ll
be oont inned and extended for a further peri od or fi ve
It i s understood that the salary or the presi dent of the company
duri ng sneh per i od of extensi on shell , for the purpose of comput i ng
the earni ngs, he consi dered to be an expense of the busi ness i n
an amount not greater than the present amount of the presi dent‘s
That the payments to ee i d *9har1os E a Li ne , Sr . , or
$200 per month shall, i n any event , c ease wi th the death or the
fl orendsnt‘s books of sooonnt showed , for the year endi ng
Dooonber 3 1, 19 42 , total i ncome from sales was and
net prof i t
the record di soloses that J . Bruc e Allen, presi dent of
the defendant company, and hi s si te owned 5 5 and 45 per sent,
respec t i vely, of the stook of the company; tha t Allen also owned
t trapfbsrfi qfiofl
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3°
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£§5 , 39 Lmi 0; eye concnsog’ spa t enqwuc wfinoeg so 5 9 1 ryne $5 00
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~
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on bh é arqfing‘ LGGQ IA Q q s pausa a; $5'Isg ’
90 1 9 5 seaxvcsa
space né aeuguz gpwg‘75 sqé rcran 34 yrs U @utwr& eureka a; 31960
fifiq quagb epoagtng Exafiuq a
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4
expressed i n the agre ement . ( green v . Aghlnndfi Steteg gggg, 3 46 111 .
174 , The intention of the parti es to a contrac t i s not
determined by evidence al iunde , but by the language of the contrac t
i tself . (gel; Go. v . dpargsMilling ee , , 3 04 Ill . App .
To the some effec t see Domcxeg v . O‘Gcnggll, 5 64 Ill. 467 and
Eggglgtgigi
v . Mint z , 3 4 5 Ill. 48 . As pointed out i n the Engelstein
c ase , at page so: "Courts may not , because a more equ i table
result might be reached thereby, construe into a construc t prov i si ons
tha t are not there , “
sinc e the contract was prepared by the secretary of the
defendant company it cannot complain because the construc tion i s
favorable to the plai nti f f . ( Muscle v . Belford, 68 Ill. 29 0;
The word ”earnings
" i n i ts general acc eptat ion does not
mean net earnings, unless quali fi ed in some way. ( Seri gggi cld Coal
go, v . ludggtrigl Gem. ,29 1 Ill. 408 , 412; gtgtg v . United Elec tric
giggt d‘
bgter fig. , 9 7 Atl. 857 , 859 ; figith'
v . Ba tes Machine Cc . ,
182 111 . In ggggg v . Egggg substantially the same arguments
were advanc ed as i n the case a t bar; There the cour t sa id, at pa ge
176
”If, as is new contended, the intention was to li mi t the ir liabilityupon the order to such earnings as might rema in aft er the paymentof all enhanc es or the work, it would have been very easy and mostna tural that such intention should have been expr essed in the wri ting,and it se ems to us tha t to permi t the construc tion now insistedupon to be plac ed upon the ac ceptanc e would be clearly viola tiveof the rule that the t erms or a written agreement cannot be variedor changed by percli
'
During the first five-year period of the contrac t ,
defendant made monthly payments regularly to Line and, so far as
the evidence shows, he complied wi th all i ts t erms. while he was
rec eiving these payments, Line had no oc casion to compla in about
the expenditures or the payment of bonuses which it i s admi tted
aggrega te a sum for i n exc ess of It should be noted tha t
efisnodseo s new z en rn exc ess o; ga‘ngo'xc snunxq pa nogeq ape;
nc é cxirbfi specs bei esnce'rtns one no oc cueycn go c onbfuyu upon:
gut enrqcnco eponn’no ccnbj req Argo or: the genus
“nurrc no nee
qcz enqsng msqe nonzpyl bc i u encn Lcdsj enj i no prue cuq‘so Let so
nonrnd spa Lynn: 114 9 ~ i csn bcnroq ox cps concnec g’
on cpsvfizq pi osnoJ'.
o; no more hung goo gonna o; w nnxcten udnceneuc*
osunox no c anyonobon cc pc bync eq
'
nbcn cue eccobcunoe nonrq pc oresnrl ATO I9 £1A 8
out I: sc ene no no onc e he ba nner gnu sonucnnozron nun factoredevents: open coop i ncensrcu cpcnfsnuns been ez bnc c ecq In ape u tterufi
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’
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45 477
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF
WRIT OF ERROR TO
Defendant i n Error,M UNICIPAL COURT
7 .
OF CHICAGOo
Plai nt i ff i n Error .
M R . JUSTICE LEWE DELIVERED THE OPINION OF THE COU
An i nformat i on was fi led i n the Muni c i pal Court of
Chisago, ehergi ng the defendant, M a ry Robertson ,wi th the
statutory crime of soli c i tati on to prosti tuti on under the pro
v i si ons of sec t i on 165 , chapter 5 8 , of the Illi noi s Revi sed
Statutese At the tri al defendant pleaded not gui lty and wa i ved
a tri al by Jury. the sourt found that the defendant “di d then
and there unlawfully, wi llfully and wi ckedly soli c i t to prosti tuti on
at 27 40 dheffi sld Avenue i n the C i ty of Ch i cago, County of Cook
and atate of Illi noi s, i n vi olati on of sec ti on 163 , chapter 3 8 ,
Ill i noi s Revi sed Statutes of The foregoi ng quoted language
i s the same as the charge i n the i nformat i on . Jndgment was
entered upon the verdi c t and the defendant was “sentenced to
confi nement at labor i n the House of Correc ti on of the C i ty of
Chi cago for the term of si xty days."
The pert i nent part or the statute i nvolved reads as
follows: “Any male or female person who shall sol i c i t to
prosti tuti on i n any street, alley, perk, or other plac e i n any
oi ty shall be fi ned not exc eedi ng two hundred dollars or
i mpri soned i n the County Jai l or House of Correct i on for a per i od
of not more than . one year or both .“
ox, non none rm one low. ox. pone“
Inbnxeoneq In one eonngi any] on Rouse o; conneogxon LQ L e benroq
awry: pe ( teen nor enoeeqynd cue pnoqt eq q°rrone on
bnoerrpnrz on In eni ocooor‘syrei
“ been‘on egret breoo In eni
gorrene z “vol were on z ennre heneon moo one } : sorter: go
goo bei grnenc bong on rye ore enge TUAOIA O q tongs so
p osao got one rota or ext ra ge i e*
n
oonxz nenene or yopon to rot goose o; gonnoocyon e; are cz ri o;
onconeq when one honoree one one nanomet e r ne e ueencenooq go
ya one come we gne enende In and z uronoeg1 3 u*
asodsen: h on
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enq agree or IyIrnogn‘In Arorerron o; eeecyon ree
‘earnest gg
‘
9 : sees onettrexe Ve enas we see oral ox oereefie‘ooswcl on coon
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v enter em lsbi'
the acut e tonne one: one oetauennr . efe even
essences? we one z ero? teenagersbret qsq nosgallfi i fl ue sera cq
AIEIO“? 0x 863 9 763 Tee’ snooz et ee
’ at one zrrreera scarves
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entosfio’openaz nd see qexenqene
‘ye t i gooengeos
* mean age
er estete
ez ron new £710? 7 9 est nonrerber son»: at
”
KH’
fiQ Q LICE PEhE DEPIAEBED one ObImIOh Oh dfiE GoaBE‘
fi fl EIGIbVP QOfl H$
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3 0 3 0 10 9 1’
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0 811‘
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c ommoa bnsc grcs In qoega as re g g ae; ya so gearfinssa bnravcs bnob e&sl
In cps gram 9 ; cpre gaa’gas was on a¢mseg u nmpana ( s
cps beebgo‘s.
bgaz gyow’
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$ 3 3 qyaarmxjss’
amq svaL sLose Lug c q aa a qo Hop aubbong
may} we Lye eoncaxg‘In upyep gpe fl Q LQ "
as“ Q Q G Q G L E In ape Lone~
10 9 9 3 7 0 3 6 1 a pnxq€s ergo 8 p 0 9 9 a; gmo ganqa‘
ape 1 3 6 19‘9 3
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space cease are & 0 Lq use“ mus naeq Axcp L egensfiee so apnesg Ingen~
weave vegansea 0 L bnoxrmygk‘
3 50
Ingonwwsrou’
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9 3 a
3 bL IAsgs poms canvas pa qsge&m1g eq ( Low cps Ifiufiasfia o; spa
Iv bnprta’
fifiscpeb Sé fio efl extz erq vA aua e re 8 b fiPI IO brg c e on
tyre egcgycu wob jyea 0 9 11 $0 banaons Apo 3 0 7 10 7: gs bLoacyeacreu
abon L euq fi o; pps apa z fi ee‘re re mwfi ygsac sna g
sxrme opwxfieq'
gz au 0 0 3 3 3 7 5 3 a} : spa necsaewnl sj yeaaprona so conegrcnca spa
$no b eobj e wetnpvyn In gp eyn axaawcv: gpvc awe Inz anms
fibeGILI GQ‘
ssq ( 5 ) qbea Eon opwz ac {were angxreyam; co agg go spa onz me
use eemwrz csq In a ack e es'
errez’ b ang 0 L ogpsx. b mprya breae
‘
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Bega wncla’
fia z z arbsj oeugeugyone was ( I ) apes ape
“Further consi deri ng the suff i c i ency of the separate
counts of the i ndi c tments, i t wi ll be noted tha t each count one
alleges sol i c i ta ti on to prost i tuti on‘upon the publ i c streets or
ether plac e of the ci ty of Ghampai gn .‘ It does not allege the
name of a ggfiggger rs n sol i c i ted nor descri be the streets
er pla ce . e rule i s we settled tha t an i ndi ctment for a
etatntery effense , espec i ally when the offense i s a mi sdemeanor,chargi ng the facts const i tuti ng the crime i n the words or the
sta tute , and contai ning averments as to ti me , plac e , persons and
other c i rcumstances to i denti fy the part i cular not charged, i s
good as e pleadi ng and Jest i riss putti ng the defendant on tri al .
“sec ti on 9 or the Bi ll of Ri ghts provi des that i n all
crimi nal presecnti cns the ac cused shall have the ri ght to demandthe na ture and sense of the ac cusati en agai nst hi m, The purpose
of thi s guaranty i s te secure to hi m such spec i fi c desi gna ti oncf the offense lai d ts hi s charge as wi ll enable hi m to preparefully hi s defense and to plead the
eudgmsnt i n bar of a subsequent
presecuti on for the same offense . “ Itali cs curs. )
To the same effect see gas Pecgle v4 Shi afrgddc , 5 81 111 .
a t
In the i nstant case the i nformati on i s not only vague
and i ndefi ni te as to the plac e where the offense was commi tted,
but also fai ls ts hens the person soli c i ted;
For the reasens sta ted, the Judgment i s reversed .
gab spa Laa eoma eganaq‘gpa 3nq§mew§ ya L uaez aaq
*
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guardi an be authori z ed and empowered to assent to the legal
adopti on of sai d chi ld . The concludi ng paragraph p rays that
some sui table person be appoi nted guardi an over th e person of
Kathleen Ri chards and authori z ed and empowered as such guardi an
to assent to her legal adopti on.
neepondent'e answer avers that i n a cause enti tled
‘ggggz;gggggn, the Muni c i pal Geert of Chi cago, on December 11,
19 40 , entered Judgment fi nding respondent to be the putat i ve
fa ther of sai d Kathleen Ri chards; that under the law of the State
of Illi noi s commonly referred to as the Bastardy Ac t, Chapter 17 ,
Smi thp hnrd Annotated dtatntee , the respondent i s enti tled to the
custody and control of Kathleen Ri chards: tha t respondent i s
gai nfully employed and earne suf fi c i ent wages to provi de su i table
care, mai ntenanc e , educ ati on andl
gnardi anehi p of Kathleen Ri chards;
that he i s a marri ed man li ving wi th h i e wi fe i n a respec table
ne i ghborheed i n the Gi ty of Ghi cago; that hi s wi fe has expressed
wi llingneee to rec eive the chi ld i n thei r home an a member of the
fami ly or the respondent; that the reependent does not consent to
the adopti on of the chi ld by Hr, and M rs. Charlee Brady, Respondent's
counterclai m concludes wi th a prayer that the care, custody, eontrol,
educati on and guardi anehi p of hi s mi nor chi ld Ka thleen Ri chards
be gi ven to hi m as i s prov i ded by law.
Peti ti oner's anewer to the respondent's counterc la im avers
that in the bastardy proc eedi ng i n the M uni c i pal Gourt the
respondent pleaded not gui lty and deni ed under oath a t the heari ng
tha t he had ever had eexnal relati ons wi th the mother M ari on
Ri chards; that the respondent was ordered to pay the sum of $1100
for the support and ma intenanc e of sai d Kathleen Ri chards, payable
at the rate of $9 00 for the first year and $100 per year thereafter
for ni ne years, in accordance wi th Illi noi s sta tutes concerni ng
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born i n wedloek.
It i s urged by The People tha t where a controversy surrounds
the oustody or a bastard child , though the right or the parents
exists, a paramount oonsi dereti on i s the best welfare of the child
i tself .
In zhe Peggle v . Weegg , 228 111 . App . 262 , 268 , this court,
i n advert ing to The Poogle 7 . Porter , 25 111 . App . 19 6, said:
“in oontroversi os of this charac ter , three matters are
to be regarded; the rights of the parent , the rights and interestsor the h or persons to whom the sore and custody of the infantgorsech ild has been given by the parent , and the welfare of the child;and of these three the last mentioned i s the matter of primary and
paramount i npertenoe .”
To the some offset are The n gle v . Nelson , 23 5 111 . App . 410 , 415 ,
416; goggggn , Eggghgll, 811 111 . 519 , 527 ; and Sullivan v . The People ,
3 24 I ll . 463 , 477 m
The et i denee shows tha t i n the proeeedi ngs before the
huoi oi psl deort the respondent denied paterni ty of Kathl een Richards
and eontested the bastardy proceedings. After judgment was ent ered
aga inst hi m he refused to pay any support money due under i ts terms.
In the original Juvenile dourt prooeedi nge insti tuted June 5 , 19 40 ,
respondent did not ent er an sppearseoe or file an answer . In hi s
sworn answer to the present petition, which was fi led M ay 12 , 19 42 ,
he again denied the paternity of Ka thleen Ri oherds. During the pro
ceedi ngs is the huni ei pal court and i n the Juvenile Court , respondent
was liv ing with hi s wife . Al though respondent was ga i nrslly employed
exc ept for .u few months prior to April 19 41 and had an equity or about
thre e thousand dollars i n hi s home , he and hi s wife made Joint
contributions to the mother of the child aggrega ting about
Since 19 41 the Bradye have shown a marked devotion to Ka thleen
Richards. They own the house i n which they live . Mr . Brady i s
employed as an engineer, and hi s wife looks after her household du ties.
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EDWIN M . BRHLEY, JR» ,
Appellee,APPEAL FROM
ERNEST E. LILLIANBER , et al . ,dUPERIOR COURT
Defendants”COOK COUNTY.
Appellants.
M R. JFQTIGE LEWE BELIVEREB THE OPINION OF THE COURT:
Thi s i n a eccend ap eel of th i s cause, wh i ch was
reported i n Velume 327 Ill. App . 224 , General Number 4 3119 .
Referenc e te that dec i si on wi ll eheW'
the t the facts i n the case
are wi theut repeati ng then here, Atlant i c fl e eti ng e Engi ne eri ng
Gerporati on, a ee rperet i on, i ssued three cert i fi ca tes of stock
fer 85 9 shares enen in the names of plai nt i ff and defendants
Hnrphy and Hagemeyer, respeetively. In the ori gi nal dec ree i t
was prov i ded that the alert of the Seperi or Court del i ver one
of the eerti fi eatee te pla i nti ff and ene to each of the defendants
upon payment to plai nti ff by defendants or ei ther of then of the
emeunt provi ded in the decree and, in the event of fai lure of the
defendants te make eueh payments, plai nti ff be dec lared the
nbeclnte enner of the eteek,
In thi s eonrt the ori ginal decree was substant i ally
affi rmed i n all respee te exc ept that the chancellor was di rected
to add a provi si on to the decree provi di ng for the sale of all
the eteek in n bleek . After the manda te of th i s court was i ssued,
the c ause wa s rei nstated i n the superi or Court and several heari ngs
go 0 5 1 abruteu'
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Whether Atlanti c Casti ng Engineering Corporati on was
mismanaged by the plai nti f f or other of fi cers of the corporat i on
as charged by the defendants was not before the chanc ellor i n
the present pre ceedi ng . The record di scloses, however, that the
chanc ellor di d endeavor to obtai n for the defendants the i nformati on
they requested relati ve to the fi nanc i al status of the corporati on,
wi thout gci ng too far afi lhds After heari ng all the test imony i n
the fermer jprcc eedi ng as well as that adduc ed i n the i nstant c ase ,
the chanc ellcr fi xed a ti me whi ch . he regarded as reasonable under
all the surroundi ng and attendant c i rcumstanc esa
finleee we can say that the evi denc e clearly shows an
abuse of the di esre ti cnary pewar granted the chancellor under the
mandate in our former op ini on, this court would not be warranted
i n di sturbi ng the order ef December 5 , 19 45 , amendi ng the ori gi nal
decree . In car op ini on, from a c areful read i ng of the record i n
thi s case, the evi dence dees not Jueti fy a modi f i cat i on of the
order of Dec ember 5, 194 5 as prayed for i n defendants'peti ti on ,
Per the reasons gi ven, the order i s affi rmed and i ts
provi si ons thonld be carri ed set wi thi n a time to be fi xed by the
chanc ellor .
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and discharged all the c lerks and other employees retai ned by
plai nti ff; and that he i s now i n possessi on and collec ti ng all
the rents, i ssues and prof i ts of the premi ses. The bi ll concludes
wi th e prayer for a part i ti on of the premi ses, a ttorney‘s fees,
and general reli ef .
On Jenary 8 , 19 46 plai nti ffs served not i c e tha t they
would appear before the chanc ellor and move for the appoi ntment
of a receiver i n aocordanc e wi th the prayer of thei r p eti ti on,
a oopy or whi ch ostlos and p eti ti on. was served on defendants'
counsel . On January 11, 19 46 , when the ma tter came on for h ear i ng ,
the plai nti ffs presented thei r p eti ti on for th e appoi ntment of a
recei ver and the Houses fi l ed instanter their answer to pla i nti ffs'
pet i t i on and an answer to the complai nt .
Ploi nti tre'veri f i ed pet i ti on for the appoi ntment of a
rec ei ver alleges that the premi ses i n questi on were purchased on
Apri l 12 , 19 45 on behalf or the plai nti ffs and the Romans; that
unti l the 8th day of Deeember , 19 45 pla i nti ffs were i n ac tual
possessi on thereof for themselves and the Houses; tha t on the eth
day of Dec ember , 19 45 the Romans entered the premi ses wi th the
a i d of other persons whose names are unknown, and forc i bly evi c ted
the manager, bookkeepere end other-
employees; tha t they posted
c ertai n indi vi duals at the entrsnee of the premi ses who warned
plai nti ffs and the employees to keep sway from the premi ses and
refused . them ae eess or possessi on thereto; tha t there are numerous
unpai d bi lls; that cheeks were i ssued whi ch were returned marked
“i neuffi oi ent funds”; tha t vari ous tenants have refused and fa i led
to pay rent; and that the Romans have fa i led to ma i nta i n the
premi ses and are permi tt i ng waste and di ssipat i on of the i ncome
tromf the premi ses. The prayer was for an order to be entered
appoi nt i ng a rec ei ver,
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4
d . A. Stamberg for the purpose of havi ng sa i d trustee i ssue a
deed to plai nti ffs conveyi ng to them an undi vi ded one-half i nterest
i n sai d premi ses, contrary to the terms of sai d trust agreement;
and tha t by reason thereof the sai d trustee di d on Dec ember 11,
19 45 exeente and del i ver to plai nti ffs a deed conveyi ng to them
an undi vi ded one-half i nterest i n and to sa i d premi ses, c ontrary
to and i n vi olati on of the terms or sai d trust agreement wh i ch
were then well known to plai nti ffs and to sa i d trustee . Further
answeri ng, Homsns deny tha t no other p erson or persons than the
parti es menti oned i n the complai nt have any i nterest i n or to
sa i d premi ses, and state the fee t to be that sai d premi ses are
esc ap i ed by the followi ng named persons ( nami ng 3 04 of the alleged
tenants) as tenants,
Homans'theory or the case as set forth i n thei r bri ef
i s ( 1 ) that pla inti ffs are not enti tled to part i t i on, as they
obta i ned by fraud a deed to an undi vi ded one-half i nterest i n
the property herei n i nvolved; tha t the i nequi table conduc t of
pla i nti ffs stands admi tted by the pleadi ngs; ( 2 ) tha t the parti ti on
sui t meet rai l heeanse ef lack of neeessnry parti es: ( 5 ) tha t
the somplsint di d not allege any facts warrant i ng a di ssoluti on of
the partnershi p , nor di d i t pray for n di ssolut i on of a partnershi p
between plai nti ffs and the Romans, and the compla i nt d i d not allege
any fac ts warranti ng the appoi ntment of a rec ei ver, nor d i d i t
pray for the appoi ntment of a receiver; and ( 4 ) more di sagreement
betwe en partners does not warrant the appoi ntment of a recei ver ,
and the appoi ntment of the rec ei ver was contrary to the law and
the fac ts.
In support or th ei r fi rst poi nt Homnns‘mai nta in i n
thei r argument that the new ma tt er alleged i n thei r answer to the
compla i nt to whi sh no reply had been fi led by pla i nti ffs when
the heari ng was had on January 11, h9 46 , i s deemed admi tted under
dec ti on 40 of the Civi l Prac ti ce Ac t . The alleged new ma tter i s
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6
In their answer Romans name more than 5 00 tenants as occ upant s of
the premises but no reference i s made to the na ture and charac ter
of their tenancy . Whether they were transient guests moving from
day to day or bound by leases for a definite term does not appear
from th e answer . Mani festly, naming all or the guests of a large
hotel as parti es defendant i n a complaint for partit ion i s not only
extremely difficult but i n most instanc es futil e, sinc e the guests
are eonstantly changing . Many of those named i n the complaint
when the sui t i s filed would necessarily have to be dismissed on the
ground that they had no interest “i n possession or otherwise ”and
the new guests added as parties de fendant . Thi s a t best would be
an interminable process, As point ed out i n the Boddiker case , Romans
c annot be pre judi eed i n the instant c ase by a delay i n Joi ning the
tenants until after pla inti ffs'right to parti tion i s det ermined .
Defendants urge as their third point that the compla int
did not allege any fac ts warranting the appointment of a rec eiver
nor did they pray for the appointment of a rec eiver . The bill conta ins
a prayer for general relief and was later supplemented by a petition
for the appointment of a rec eiver . The bill as well as the p etition
alleges many se ts at misconduc t by Honane i n the opera tion of the
hotel . In the case of Baggage; 2255 e Trust Co, v . Baisez , 263 Ill .
App . 5 45 , i t i s held that a prayer for general relief i s suffi c ient
to warrant the appointment of a rec eiver pendegte ‘litg'
before the
hearing, We do not think tha t Hemane'position on th i s point i s
t enable .
As to Homans'final contentions, the evidenc e shows tha t
the pla intiff B . R . M anson ha d exc lusive mana gement of the hotel
until December 8 , 19 45 ; tha t he collec ted all the rents, and tha t
there was a monthly inc ome of 3129 000; that he bought all the furni ture;
‘
Vhen the hotel was purchased a bank acc ount was opened at the
Appellants,
COOK COUNTY.
6. 9n busi ness 2 8 EQAO j.é
By tm i r sacana am nfied peti ti an ( hereinafter for 3 3 11
vaai enae refarrad ta as peti ti an ) relators sought a wri t of
business as M . B . Haters, to remeve certai n autm biles, other
Stan? Islanfl aV@ nnfi and tbs nfi rthp and~seuth, a11ey east thereof,
in vi alatim of law. Am rs were fi led by the c i ty, i ts
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In 194-3 Merbi tz elm Byrne sum med a wri tten appli
eeti on to the Ci ty of Chi cago for a permi t to oc cupy the
strip of land 7 feet by 100 fee t on the south si de of East
78th street between the exi sting si dewalk and the lot line
between Steny Island avenue and the north-and-south alley
east t hereef for a period er three years at an annual cem
pensati en of per year, and the ci ty eounci l on December
15th of that yearspassed an order authori z i ng the superintexr
by one ef the eleem en to cem ur in the report of the cemmi ttee
en local i nclustri es, streets and alleys, whi ch had approved
the afipli eeti eno
On December 23, 1943 a noti ce was served en defendants
the fac t that sai d stri p of lend i s a publi c parkway, and that
i t had been m a fer some trim by LL. B. Meters for storage of
mm eutm ati eelly exclnded the use the reef by the general
publi c we, was i ni mi c el te the publi c interest; that the demand
and resi dents er the Ci ty of Chi c ago; that Klepfer had appeared
befee'e the ( 3t on loc al industri es, streets and alleys
$0 ab j ect to the use ef gai d publi c parkway for pri vate gain,
and hafi wri ttee letters to the ci ty offi ci als wi th respect
energed”
by lee wi th the duty and respenei bili ty of prote ctm
-5~
Whi dh i t appears that the dedi cated street was 66 feet in
to the curb and over the si dewalk to the lot li ne we re as
heretofore stated . Klopfer supported the documentary evi
denee by oral testimony'
whi eh. wae uncentroverted . The court
in; 1ts oral opi ni on. eneeetai ned some doubt as to the dedi ca
ti on , but the law i s clear thatvthe acknowledgment and
recordi ng of a plat ,i n accordance wi th the statute , showi ng
stree ts and alleys therei n, eperate effeetuelly as a deed
conveyi ng ti tle to the streets and alleye be the c i ty.
does the law reqai re that evi dence of ti tle to the land
platted be produced; the fact of pla t ti ng end acknowledgi ng
are aets and evi denee of ownershi p ( n gg v, Leecg, 28 Ill .
premi ses platted as are .merked or noted as donated or granted
to fihe publi c , and the premi ses i ntended for streets, alleys,
ways or other publi c use are held in the corporate meme in.
trusfi and for the uses and perposes set forth or intended,
namely, for publi e nee as a publi c way ( Che 109 , per . 3, Ill .
Rev. Stat . W4I5) . When relations i ntroduoed in evi dence survey
plate properly recorded and acknowledged, showi ng the ereati an
of a 66-foot publi c street known. as East 78th street di rectly
east of Steny Island avenue , defendants i nterposed no objeo
ti on thereto, enfi the exhi bi ts were admi tted i n . evi dence . They
include the parcel of land in. controversy, and under the provi
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ing thi s fact the court i ndi cated that i n. ni s Opi ni on thi s
appeared to be a"spi te case ,
"and defendants sti ll persi st
in. allué 1ng to tbs motive whi ct rompted relators to i nsti tute
proceedi ngs. The doc tri ne of unnle an. hands has no appli cati an
ta the case at bar, be cause the performance of a duty to the
a wri t i s gaught to campel the performance af a duty to the
publi c , the wri t shaald hat be dani e d bec ause relater i s
actuated by parsenal ill-Wi ll i n .fi ling the peti ti on“
At the i nstance of thfi court the relator gave his
m am Star bri nging the sui t . He testi fi ed that he owned
the premi ses are h e a ted, tha t he i s a taxpayer, paying his
hands, especi ally i a . vi ew of the fact‘
that the subj ect matter
elimina ted framl ths proc eedi ng.
ti ens ta issas a wri t as prayed, and i t i s 89 ordered.
m m REVERSED AND CAUSEM M AIJDED WITH DIRECTIONS TO
PRAYED .
Seanlan and Sulli van, JJ . , concur .
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when ce?EFFEM sors’
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fie
and Goldstei n. He says:“I also spoke te hi m about the lease
and he sai d he would li ke to have an extension and I sa i d
wew a s gi ve hi m thi rty days more and he sa i d,'Is tha t all
you ean gi ve me?‘ I sai d,'That's all, up te I sa i d ,
“We'll gi ve you up to the e0th. er september'and , tWell,’ he
sai d,‘ir that's all that's all then'or semethi ng li ke tha t . “
m ean examim d, Hr. Peek sai d: "I teld Mr . Goldstein the
best I cauld 60 was te gi ve hi m thi rty days and he sa i d 'Ir
that's all yen ean give me, I guess I ean't do anything about
i t's I told hi m we weuld. have a lease made out and ferwa rded
to hi m. “ merri s fiei dstein says Smi th . sai d to him: "If you
want i t you ean. stay there i n the meant ime and I'll negoti at e
wi th . the landi erd ". He Bayes"I sa i d te hi m ( Smi th ) , ‘try and
get me at least si x. menths ti me and then I‘ll be able to make
arrangements to meve that staff', and he sa i d to me he wi ll try
te de i t .” Geldetein. turther says:
“M rs ami th er anybody
else di d net talk to me about thi s thi rty day lease . He di dn'ttalk to me eXa etly abeut a thi rty day lease but told me the
landlord will not gi ve me seether year but i f they rent the
plaee, anti l they rent i t we can stay in the meantime for a
certai n t imes "
On thi s vi tal pe i nt of whether there wa s a verbal agree
mwnt for a thi rtyh day ext ension at the lease , we have the
testi mony or Pe ek and ani th agai nst the testimony of defendant .
The prependeranee seems to be i n favor of pla i nti ff . The
wi tnesses for her .narrate the more probable stery and are
eerreherated by fa cts i n evi denc e establi shi ng pla i nt i ff's theory.
smi th . prepared a loft lease from the ewner to defendant
for a term begi nni ng September 1st and endi ng september 3 0 , 194 5 ,
at a rental of per month. Q he leases are i n the re cord
and were mai led to defeedant fren . Peek's offi ce wi th a let ter
was ease vari es ca sexeeewen anew sc ax. a exez ce area a lease»
we a h angs: on he; moves“ gee yee ee e g as In ape LE GO LQ
z en e geLm pe gzusxuh aebsempea yep seq seersh gebgeepen go'Teee
‘
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men: { 0 3 e ppya¢3 ~qel expeneroe 0 ; gas yee ee‘as pens ape
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soaseyn s1ee“u
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else are wasserr 3 9 we spent fifiTW fipi hsl ask fa??9*
H8 qreu ye
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be ox‘vfisfi £
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AGLE tLR Il lenxl‘
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aahysa ewg 9 3 3 3 8 3 7 3 9 Laga nu same pa aux
&TII i on $1 89 sxxyx loan aoxbenwge me t ; so posn
ga wavrl O fl L asyasa 0 g spy: e a i yefie’
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‘
psg a spa Lyjyc $0 anon spa es bxemreea es uni
0 a 5 0 5 Ar} ; wage sfl fi x ¢p@ $wfi ea EL Oq fl fi apvs
3 3 ape ayme Lfi se, &oa axe fl an bemynfi'
gen ( 10 ) gwa magnsy gang yug gras cran efi’ fi fi q ya
I a; £6 a‘bwawfiax goz p'I fi% Q
“ mz fip z
a &p& efi fl j easq rag es ya { on one nongp gnaw
in our latte r at Angunt gGO, 194 5 ,
Very truly yours,
Philip F'Q r WQ Peak , Agent ,
”
Thi s lat ter was sent to aefendant by regist ered mail ,
directed to i ts afri cea The re ceipt at tho dafendant was
mailed fieptemher 15 , 19 45 , anfi i s i n wvi dence . It shave
wi th aoeura ey fine passible speed wi th. whi ch a let ter from
any offi ee ta tha ather eould be delivered by ma il , Agai n there
was mm reply.
Tha eo let ters, the leases, the aheak or defendant with
natat i an i t was for-
aeptember rent, the aestruotlon i n
derbnaant's ofti ee at the anvalops in which the leases were
enclosed, tha fa ilure of é fi fandant to reply to ths agent's
lettere, as helfi, establlah. the exi stenee of a new lease for
thirty days, ending en aopbamber 36, 194 5, bsyend a reasonable
Kavi ng { quad thfl faata ta be as above stated, the legal
that by balding ever a now Bananey was crea ted for a like
tern a fl uné z r tbs 0 1d leans, The fa cts are wholly ingensi stent
313 111. 33 8 , The case 13 clearly not for, but aga inst
i t. who epmm n says:
t ion of a renawal at the
eve of the tenant cannot
a eontrary intention on
alone, it can be rebut tedintention on the gart of
alene, er en tbs part of both part ies."
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8
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19 uewfififi I? BffiE§Z§X‘
at
on tha Judgment .
WITH DIRECTIONS .
g ggfi nnox ”HG Hramelsn’
fifi* * meuwnx*
AIM I
qua aanna e xaano £ L I$ a; nfi Tfl qfimfi fl fi'
pean exa&a» fl ag afl fi j g an: O LQ Wgé a gsyuuea ogpanfi ggqn .3 §wa
ce 0 defe n for the support
not excessive .
The decree i s
AFFIRM ED,
O‘Cenner,
‘eem ;
a 110 2 3 0 1 3 6“
g 8 es;II