iiiii - american school of classical studies at athens
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Classical StudiesAthens 106 76, Greece
.chine) of a Chian stj.mp
Do you Tmotr of other
:hat should be standard,
ire a nuisance to vrorTc
1us, as I remember from ha-o-in^
3t only "Belgian Hares" ordered]
rs laying a new waterline to
b by a Chian who is now in
Ares I think.
^^ctor VY. was here for a few
, m arrived on Sept.6. Sally
Jame, but 3. is in Naxos. The
iid it was very dirty, and we
nodded our heads over what can be expected of KYPIOI without their wives. Not
that I imagine Caroline W. would do any wore scrubbing than I woul d] Sally said
Georgia had done a wonderful job.
Sally is pushing on an article to feed the languishing Hesperia. It seems
there is a deadline on deciding whether to let it die: October 1, whan they are
having a meeting and making the decision. This has stimulated me to tryto pull together my corrigenda and addenda on the Middle Stoa Dated. «Yhat a hope Iespecially as I find that Andreas is now to have the rest of his well-deserved
holiday, beginning Monday.
It would ,be good to hear from you.
Yours,
:2.oi
Amarioau School of Classical S-fcudios54 S-wediBS Streat, Athans 106 76, Greeca
September 9, 1988
Dear ?%o,
I enclose a photocopy (by ^tarr,ie'B invaluable machine) of a Chian st^p
impressed on an object found on Chios, - a •naterpipe, Do you know of other
stamped waterpipes? But why not. These are thingsjthat should be standard,
like tiles and bricks, and amphoras, otherwise they are a nuisance to work
with. Metal waterpipes have specific dimensions with us, as I remember from havingbought supplies one winter for a California ranch, not only "Belgian Hares" ordere^l
by the cook, but also the parts wantwd by the plumbers laying a new waterline to
the house.
The Chian stamped watarpipe fragment was brought by a Chian who is now in
the Second liiphoreia at Athens, a Mr. Tsaravopoulos, Ares I think.
I hope you had a bit of time out at the Island. Hector W. was here for a few
days recently in your apartment. The Immerwahrs then arrived on Sept.6. Sally
had asked for Birene to clean the flat before they came, but 3. is in Naxos. The
doorman's wife, Sgorgia, was able to oblige. She said it was very dirty, and we
nodded our heads over what can be expected of KYPIOI without their wives. Not
that I imagine Caroline W. would do any more scrubbing than I woul dj Sally said
Georgia had done a wonderful job,
Sally is pushing on an article to feed the languishing Hasoer^a. It seems
there is a deadline on deciding whether to let it die; October 1, when they are
having a meeting and making the decision. This has stimulated me to try
to pull together my corrigenda and addenda on the Middle Stoa Dated. "nThat a hope!
especially as I find that Andreas is now to have the rest of his well-desei-ved
holiday, beginning Monday.
It would ,be good to hear from you.
Yours,
'f •-. '.ff-T-'j. ' »•• . •• •r: '••;?; . , •-
W0^ v'Kv.it -v..
•7 .Ol.
October I986-
Car Mr. » ardv^ici . -y>,'V ';• ;^,- - . •: .-••••;V.---,- ;-; .^ ^ .r- ' \ ; V. : \ r^^VVi^
.•r- •• . . '• . -; ...;••• • •'• • • ' " •' . ••'••.: ' ' ,•:• '0• ,v^;..^•„*V,
I an -vritiac to yoj on »^eha''f of Miss V, Graces> -nho has con« back'' >v.'•V'fvC'?" . ... •• -;• ; from U.S.A this nonth and found your letter of Soptobar 4th,
She wi'^l bo glad for you to include the silver Ghian didrachm , •
V'W^•' fron hor collection in your thosie,!,yVA<-'l5'N.ir-
?^"vs:..
-V - •;
Unfortunately she ha: no iufornatior about the provenance of the.-. ..• •• • " • '. • . . • • ''>'-I'ir f
coin. She thinks it was a gift to her in the --- e^;,v,4. «
. from a dealer in Athens,
< ^vi hv^.. .//.•,•, -• •;*' .' . «. '•• ,. I.- • •^• - N* • • Vi'V'- •'" ' • ''-V- ••' . ..r ' •. ^'. V ^ - •.•*- s-y-'iB- • '.--.r .v": n.r'iJAl • •.... '.•'**•*•- '
- "t--Sincerely yours , ••l;:^.^. ^--'.. . '
.."a".-AV '' '4**4V:•••. .Maria Petropoulakou a
.'.. ; i^.v •*:>S4-. •''V'b.,'' V a.,v.!'-.-. y ..^C'-, v; ' •' •.•f.;.: •• ^ ".:;V.l
3:Mtli|giHr^^ -v- -.. - '• „. ,; /:v^Vt/A ' .,.:h
•' '• . •" • ^ ' ••'•ni'iA"'*. •••• • .i'VV " ;-v,;.;.^{: •. .' '• ' •' • - - ' •• •«'.•'•:'''.v ,. ' ' ." • . "■♦■3 '""-'i--: • i.- 'V-... :-.>y x';- . " ;j ;. ,- '
,- ••• i •-'.h /.V ,
Dear Dr Grace,
Christ Church,Oxford, 0X1 IDP,England.
^th September 1985
•? .02.
Late last year Professor Boardman wrote to you in connectionwith my postgraduate thesis on Chian coinage.
While I was in Athens during August I visited the AgoraExcavations. Jan Diamant allowed me to study, photographand take casts of a silver Chian didrachm which is on exhibitionin the amphora display in the museum. She said that the coinwas from your collection.
I write to ask you whether you would permit me to includethe coin in my thesis.
Is there any information about the provenance of the coin?
Yours sincerely.
Nicholas Hardwick
Dr Virginia Grace,American School of Classical Studies,Odos Souedias 5^,Athens, GR106 76,Greece.
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•' •'"• Ashmolaan MuseumOxford OKI 2PH
• Dear John,
Professor John .Poardman
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1^ ' would like to do so^io^-hinp; with it, but I do not know when he will find time,r'-'lP
•'••• • • .>ie has spent a good deal la-^-ely, at inter.-als, on invosligating to what ii'!
Tiniam's son, 'laloolm B, Wallace, has the material on Chian coins. He ^
,!
hvp.p..; •- extent amphoras ate standard as to capacity, of, Matheson and Wallace, >-»'v-W '
W^rVr'r-. lies .eria -dl, 1982, pp. 293-320, lie is a professor at Toronto, and can be - .F",yr ^ •, ..•'; • •'
. • /. rf J
' addressed ; Department of Classioat,'', . •" University of Toronto
\ 16 iiart House Circle \. - • Toronto, Canada Tv55S lAl
He is an unusually nice man. Perhaps your Australian could work out
some sort of oollaboration with him, • •A
Professor Theodoros Sarikakis of the University of Athens called hereH' .J
at the Stoa on Feb,29, 1984, wanting data for his Chian studies. He wanted ..J
names from Chian amphoras to fill out his upcoming prodopography of Chios, alsoM
t. : information on places where the stamped jars or iffragments had been found,
went through a good part of my Chian fi'^e, I cannot remember if ha came
again to do the rest, •%
I look forward to seeing you in June, It wls good to s »e you both at
the lecture on i^an, I vms glad you in -.luded the i^ipar at the Gates of Dawn, •
f".r}'h Yours,
I"- y.- . n,. .H;;-. , Graa^e-!^ . ^I* •• •. '. ••• • "y w' • • • i-
>4; I • L t. ••- eie I • • ... A. . r'» 'i!.'/"' "• .Stff,.
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ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM • OXFORD OXl 2PH
Telephone Oxford 512651 (S FD Code 0865)
22nd November, 1985.Miss V. Grace,American School of Classical Studies,54 Souidias Street,Athens 140,Greece.
?'OY
Dear Virginia,
A young man from Australia has just arrived in Oxford wishing to studythe coinage of Chios. I remember well you talking about a collaborativeeffort with William Wallace on the subject and wonder what stage it reached?Perhaps you know how far he got with this and whether his work on the coinshas been taken up by anyone else, or if any material he has collected is insomeone's hands? Any suggestions would be worthwhile. He seems likely tomake a good jnb of it.
I shall be in Athens for the B.S.A. Centenary in June and hope to seeyou then.
With all best wishes.
Yours,
J. Boardman.
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dH / AtAV15.11.84
A letter dated 13.11.84, addressed to Marie-Louise Buhl (wife of P. J.
Riis, of. her p.5), acknowledges a copy of her Sukas VII, and is filed in
folder SYRIA : SUKAS. The letter contains comments on these subjects:
1. The Ganaantte jar, and an article by P. J. Parr on this class,publisheddadcad in 1973, cited and commented on by Mme. Buhl.
2. Basket-handled Cypriote, etc., pitharia. I cite those in Tarsos, in
Ras Shamra, at the Agora.
3. "Wall brackets", see her pp. 66, 67. I cite what I had identified
tentatively as candelabra on Lapithos Tomb 6A (AJA 1940). Should like to
see two articles she cites here: A. Caubet and M. Yon, "Deux appliques murales
Chypro-GeometriqueB au Louvre" (RDAC 1974, 112-113); and Bogdan Rutkowski,
Griechische Kandelaber,(IDI 94 1979, 174—222,
4. An early Chian (?) amphora she publishes, her no. 49.
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CP 1699 (Gosa 35), handle of Ghian amphora, bearing the retngrado stamp
aYFTKPATOY. On Chian amphoraa early and late, see summary in SAD 27, pp.359-363see pi.60
(including a piece of catalogue). The name on CP 1699 does not occur there, but
it is rather common on later Chian handles. A number have been found in Pergamon,
of.x^ergamon IX, p.151, 72 (reference not checked) for one. I should guees a late
2iid or let cent. B.C. date. h.b. in the SAB text cited, on p.361 revise the date
of items from Thompson's ^roup B from oa. 275 B.C. to oa. 240 B.C. , as per article
At .. Mitth. 1974, pp.193-200. In general, the BAD 27 chapter remains ok except for
oorz>eotiona specified in the Ath.'^itth. artiole. If ycu eant to know about more of
your Cosa l%ndlea, try first the index of the BAD ch- pter. f'
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5,K;.74
Costraent of 27.VIII.74 oa Agora deposit U 13 S 1 (see UiilPOSlTS I for wholo
text) oontains notes en the following classes:
ATTIC
CHIM
GCHINMIAK
LlilSBXaN
para-CHIAtJ
group of ZEBST TYPE 19
I'iide-mouthed Jars
THASIAM
/AaJ
Among identified olassos, the third that is numerous in the deposit is the
Chi^, on which soe Ilesp. 22, pp. 104-105, noa. 150-152} Amphorae, figs. 44-51
with text} Delos 27, pp. 359-363. A noticeable and abrupt change in the neck
of the Chian Jar is shown in Amphorae. figs. 44 and 45, compare the last jar of
44 with the first of 46, jars both datable in ti» third quarter of the 5tn oentury
B.C. In N 7 : 3, all pieoes are of the earlier shape. In U 13 : 1, there are
only vestiges of it, two sherda preserving parts of necks that swell near the rim.
The references above cited include, I find, no illustration or mention of a change
in the form of the toe of the Chian jar from the late 5th to the early 4th oentury:
about 400 B.C., the tumed-baok lip of the (hollow) toe beoessss a collar or sheath,
narrow at first but increasing in witth (height) during the 4th oentiry. For1954,drawings of Chian jars before and after this toe ohange, see B.S.A. 49, p. 181,
fig. 19, b and a, and cf, text, pp. 168-170 (J.K. Anderson on finds at Kophiaa
Chios). In UIS j 1, I oounted about 12 of the earlier (pre-oa.400) toes,and about 17 of the later ones, with toe-sheath averaging about 4 cm. high (one
\
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fts high «.« 5 ora.)» Thr«9 toee, «&oh of which hAB with it a good part of tha
lowar body, hava baen oataloguad, FP' 743-4• Of thssa, 744 beloags to th« aarliar
typa, or perhaps a tranBltional itaga, whila the other two show variations of the
davatopad xteaidKkx ahaath, about .04 to ,045 high. Thasa two fill a dafinita gaj^
in tha Aj^ora Chian saries: tha only oataloguad place close to them is P 33539,
which prasorvae only the toa itself, is a litila later in style, and without
useful context* Numerous whole Chias jars at this stage of davalopmsnt, which
have ooaa to various sausauiaB without any oontaxt doounsatation (many oovex-ad
with warlaa deposit) can bow be dated more closely and securely* Unfortunately
no idiala jar of this olass oould he put together from U IS j 1, not even a oomplate
top of one* Farts of two nooks were oataloguoSL, PP* 740 and 741*
those of jars on file from pro-400 deposits. Basiost indieatlon at present is the
toe of the Chian amphorae, whioh in 8 16 ; 1 and Q 15 : 3 has no more than Just
the start of a sheath (P 26554 for Q 15 *2, and fragments in a tin for 8 16 : l)j
while in U 15 s 1, though there were still oldfashioaed pieces in the sherds, we
also have Shaaths of 0.04 t) 0*05 in height, of. PP* 742 , 743.
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' ,^v,i:•v..iv '*•^.i -T'»-i'.;': . . ...t published in 1917, v/ith pagea ending p. 257, It would certainlyi^Vv • .• '-.t:- ••sp: "' .Vv:t;»4-:->''».-t-'v'hV .;•.
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^Vi-^V ''':v vIk another matter: .; T'r"'
vrni h«trfi KOTno "Way of getting an old publication, •'
. . ;.i=^::-
Btiil 16,
tainly be nice to be able to fill out this set and get itcontemporary
bound together. Because of the picturoa o^anphoras on
these coins, they are very important in -worTcing out the
shape-development of Chian amphoras.
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t,v • I'•'•*''••' '.'"V' •.- .t> *• : • *"i. v- - .,'
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^fo"»tion an^or commentB on the folloiting subjects - not all as yet processed - tInto our files: . . • .-l''!
See latter of 25.I1.?S^ from Brashinsky, filed under USSR - Brashinsky, for
Into our files:
>. > ..' v.
••,••• • 1" "' v, '1^: •, ' -i* •"••. ' V-V'V>". f.i ,—. ,
SMm
CHIAN
capacities takenGtERSOijESlANEarly I^iODIM (foundation ofPOSTIC (capacities)liwSBIAJJ "
•T<mal., ..rly 3rd) ' '';. •- . - - v ' .•-• -, r;--' '1/ .'v •
• . •••'i7 -..V - v -'-T • w , V -; . '. .»• > . V-.f ./•. *!•<»•' lA - • /»-. ;•* .V ^ i . i-'/s-j'*' 'v r
^• .''• :.y>- •'Yv -'. v.'
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o I 9mclos9 prints at 1;10 of the two Chians t^t you wantod, possibly tooa
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D«ar John. / I'i'A , i-^A•A
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long ago. Numbers ar« on the baolct of the prints.
"j P21971: see Hesperia XXII, 1955, p.i04 and pi. 39, no. 150 (VG apud Boulter),The deposit as a whole is published there by Boulter, pp. 59 ff. This deposit.
-p -p-p o
^ ^ N 7 • 5, is dated in the same way.ca. 460-440 B.C., in the forthcoiaing Agora 12aa rH
-. Ia!-p Booordinp, to the Sparkes and Tcloott ms. portion we haT' here. The capacity ofO (D
•wT) 3o o this jar as measured by M. Lang in 1954 (measured with barley) is 18120 cc,•H >»
8, > » P 23711 this jar has been cited for its graffiti (tlesp. IV, p.516, fig.2bb;jS p
0 >4x:•P , o Heap. XXV, p.5, no.10) but up to now not illustrated except in rict.Bk.G. It oonest. ^
from Agora deposit B 13 : 4, published, though not in full. Heap, IV, pp. 477 ff.,O 1,
o S ty luoy Talcott. The oapaoity as measured by M.Lang in 1964 (with barley) is+»
4>
21750 00. In her publication (tiesp. XXV, as above) she states: "The capacity of8 "^ 8 the anphora is seven Athenian oboes." I would put this in the past, before all
> (that require Masurinr, Ir/ barley)the breaking and plastering j 7 Athemlsin choes ought to be about 22400 oo.«* °
1-1 n
^ ^ The two jars in your pictures apparently date before and after the Athenian
Imperial Standards decree (oalled by numismatists the monetary decree). I have takehCL|
C-t
at ® "P Chian section of ny long ohapter (our long chapter - Grace and Fetro-4 S« poulakou) now in press as part of Vol.27 of the Delos publioatisn (ITaison des
jsj'S Conediens). Can you tell whether one or the other is closer to Dexamenoa^s version?» e
to
5 .a ^ ^®p* received my pictures of gem impressions on handles of Samlan•H -a
djg (as I believe) amphoras, rather small amphoras. i would like to get in any pearls
I y"« *y wish to contribute, although of course they could go in an addendum. In«
studying Barren for this publieation, I dliaovarad an important artlola by J,
L
: ••' 'V .. --A , .
yt^.v^-•:' >'. Dear John,
-
-i-- •.
Hare are thanks for soTeiral letiars and enolosurea, including the proof of
your Pindakas artiale, just reoeived; I don't know that you ought to part with
'• historic doouinant, and I am prepared to return it if you change your mind,
v" photograph of the improssion of Dexamenos's Chian jar indicates beautifyl
y % ' carving when one considere that it is enlarged X«. Ha has got the body shape very
V Tvoll, hasn't ho. 1 would like to have been there when he did his sketch, to tell
' j^ tho tops of the handles a litt^ lift, also that at no date did Ghian/..,
• <.-V •:>•
{
aaphoms have a spreading rim. But there is no doubt what he is depicting, and all
this is very interesting, to see idjat people see as characteristic.
About the dates of the jars with bulging necks; it was label Lang's intorprot-' ' , •• ' that
ation of her capacity figures,as well as ny own since,both kinds of Chians in that
. deposit of LT's (R 13 : 4Were meant to hold, and pretty well did hold, a quantity. .AyriA The relationship between choeswaich was the same time^T Athenian choao anc^ 8 Chian choes. This, was something of
a guess on M.L.'S part at the time, but has since been oanfinaed by George Forrest's
sekoma (his revised capacity figures thereof). Apparently the jars of this capacityare post-decree, sinoe a jar like P 21971 (your other one) is less capacious and when
new probably held 7 Chian choes, muit I think happened was that they tried the new
capacity in the old shape, and had trouble making people jhnr pay for more of this
expensive wine than this familiar shape was supposed to hold; you see all those
graffiti on their necks that Tiabel says are on oapaoity of the jar; people tottingup for thenselves perhaps. So then they decided to have a now shape, identified at
^ first by the coin-type stamp. All this is set forth in my Chian introduction in
1 chapter 4n the Deles volume (which I h^ will not be a victim of disorders in
•
" •••'I
^ France, although I am glad not to have the proof to do this minute). You see that
£ I would not suppose that the bulging nook continuod to be made very long after theOH 5^ -P
^ a ^ ®®® 'that Miss Eiohter has Dexaraenos at work in the third quarter. Arec ^
cJ i ^ © you up-dating him, or are you joining Mattingly in down-dating the decree? Or did"i ®S*EM wnnt to set this pieve very early in D.*s career? The jar in the gem is perhapsS J3
1 © * ^5.t earlier than P2371 - body a little fuller and top a little shorter in proportior3 nJ •£ known to be
"k ^ " "OS -o ^ § P 2371.>> S4 P< n •
i-t B E-i -P ®
S 3 3 yours+s § ^ Bu't I cannot shnwx oite a jak of the old oapaaity which looks as much like lAt as
^4 0 ^ I i|^ CO .
^ o S i; V^ery many thanks for yoar consents on the gem impressions on ay Samian handles.O w M "n O
g^ o 1 call them gem improsoions if they cooo from metal rings? I have not yet looked-r\ tS ki•P "ri d§ 3 up any of your references, but look form;^ to doing so. That is surely a Chian
C/3 ® "P ^ •'O _ X P
§ fl ^ amphora that Bros hasj it oould be late 4th - or it is true it oould be later. VYeQ O '
£ * ip®So-p looked again at the "grape-olusters" now that you suggest a "poor facing female£ ^ rH Wg o rH ^ head" and we think we see its neck and shoulder - bust. .Ve cannot see that naked fat
^ ^^ person in 46b, 470 as a woman, but this any be our inexiJOrienoe. As to the Pan: I1 o _
^ oi 1 y°" ®' ®*^ photo, because wo see clearly nie thigh cominfo 4J 5 (right) bent
jS S ol^ fonrard from the cloak, his. knee (presumed to bo crossed over-'the other one), a line
^ 2*® 3 «0paiTating his two shins, and two little cloven hcores. I wish I couMdraw as youo ^
M m, ^ your impression of our siren. I am getting some more enlargements done.^ ®oi and will send you some,.. ®®^ cannot promise you about the date. I can only say that one gets the impressionr-t 4> i-< 0
H -P O4
TJ x» ® sort of hoard, from what we can learn about how they were foundj and the Samian® c
. eg e e ^ coin types, or rather the types resembling those in Samian coins, seem to fit in the*3 +> "O
II sI ®1»®» whatever other little indications can be gleaned, such as suggestioa° ^ suppose I cannot be sure emrything is conteniporary with- j
®'®nrthing else. Perhaps the single item that bothers me most among those you have^ o i 3^ 4^ ^ o not seen is X495, of which I enclose hero a phpto. The turretted head doss exist
00" . " ®*rly as our proposed date, but not really looking like this, any l have foun*.-P O^r-i 4>
•5 mS»lp (^^l* partloglar photo I would like back, unless it is useful to you.)
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February 15,
Dear WilliaTn,. '
When I got to tho School last night after posting my letter etc. to you.
/ - v, -:.
I found yours of February 9 with its enclosures, 1 will make some comment on
, ' c r" AyxHXX now, so tnat you can reply to both of mine at once. >. • <• ,
and photostat of plateThe text I sent you is for the earlier part of the sequence, I have been
hoping that you can make a comparison between ny plate I, no.6 (of which you have asent IV,63
print) and the jar in one of your earlier didrachms which was a part of your plate I,(and hence differently proper'
It seemed to me that we had been thrown out by having only the probably outsize^ ion»^
amphora, no.5 on my plate, to compare with tho jar shown on the aarliefet coins that
show it. (Here I am rather handieapped by not having the beginning of your text,^
not the pictures of the coins.)
Hith regard to v/hat hafpons to the amphorae in the third quarter of the 5th cent..
please see my typescript of 13.X.62, sent to you last May, on "Measurements of somep.3 capacity
6th, 5th and 4th century Chiana", especially p|a£»8 of the comn»nt on the^jfiguresi
",.. in the third quarter of tho 5th century, perhaps . , in 449 . . , a change in
capacity was decided upon which was first introduced in jars of the familiar shape•
and then since those were not ireadily accepted commorcially as being of a new size,
a new shape was introduced, identified at first by the coin-type stamp." I call
attention then to the fact that it the late, larger, swollen-necked jars that haveno doubt because
so many graffiti intevpreted by Mabel as indications of capacity, xi:xK> they found
people **3:d*jiaci;*tixfcyxiroA±sgx challenged a price based on a new larger capacity.
I tiiink this fits well with your idea that the didrachms stopped then,
Tho trouble about pinning a stage of shape-development to the late third quarter
is that this has to be stylistically placed, it turns out that there is not a jar
closely dated to this period by context. I certainly believe that P 16524, middle
of fig.45 in ray picture book, falls in date between tho jars of tho third quarter
and of the last quarter that are on either side of it in tho picture (and in fact).
But tho deposit in which P16524 was fbund (G 18 ; l) contained aleo^earlier
•• • •: -2- •vt^'N )l' ' ••^•••' • • • • • •
3'.'.f'. V,' v.vv <•' Vr-Vvf^ -' ••, I • S*-' ' ." Y'f"''^'- • •
3
(thpugh still straight-necked) Chians, some of which wore at a higher level
^ than this later one. A difficult deposit, on which the summary(made in preparation* E
m
P for Taloott and Sparkes, Classical Glazed and Plain Vferes, now almost in press)^ Tj I • ' •"*•• • • ' ' ' ' II-.- ' "
0
•H ft ® states; "Accumulations of the second and third quarters of the 5th century,o c3 lower
•p (j 5 into the last quarter; the jiower limit for all three [fillings in the same well]•p ^
S S^ j J ca, 415-410 B.C." Lucy T. would have up-to-date conclusions, but probably not
-P S :p very different,ho o (§ with especially
I do agree that Baldwin pi. IV, 15 (dolphin symbol) and p.25, fig. 7+j § ® (with astraga/loB symbol)•H >»
•aShow amphoras that look earlier than those of the last quarter. Somewhere I
C4
S " © have a oast of this latter object, which also (D have seen in Munich.P 6 X!
o ^•3 5 p I have certainly sent you photographs of all the Chians I Imow of that
M COh hD
•HM fl 9
•rl
© P C43
are dated bj' context - all the fairly complete ones, that is, (Snaller fragments
^-S ^ in good places help the chronology by dating stages of toes, etc.) I have alsoo .H B«np you a great many that supply links, perhaps all the good ones, again that
t3 +>
© p are fairly complete. A print for William is part of the routine whsn this workbOft
6 © e
^ ^ is being done. You don't understand how much time it would take, and how muohI. r-C ©
^ miserable exacting work, to get another whole series printed at soale, from Goda
p o M knows how many different film rolls, out films, etc,. And even for study theyri a ^o • . ®^re really no use if they are not at the same scale.
T> .g >»O CO
j53 ^ y®" will send me all the prints I have sent you, whether loose or attached.
•C 3E-' J3 OS
g2 ^ will got the attached ones re-identified, I mean those that have their numbers
? pasted over, and will fill out the sequence, and will even give them simple
i'Zj| 2 i numbers which I will record also fen my own copies. In making up plates, do you>> C +>45fl e 04
c
"2 ^ about mountingr-sticlers like the enclosed? They are called Taokytabs, YouSo •
M ^*2 peel off the brbwn paper, as if from a bandaid,^ and there is a piece sticky daS © 3
g ^ « 3 both sides, which will anchor your photograph firmly but removably wherever youo 5 So p M ^ put it, (Scotch tape of this kind is just as good, it tears the surface
^i? ^ remove it from,) I could not possibly publish plates without Taokytabs,which make it possible to adjust, I see that you would have to stop
working oa Chian for a bit while this service was being done, but prol»bly you
• •' '-*• ' , •' .• ;• \
D»ar «r. Mattingly,
1 'T >
stamp*
As for a gap of eight years in the late fifth century, I fear we have not
yot arrived at a point when wo oan detect suoh a thing for unstamped amphorae.
r •il'fl'Wiu'L- .'•' 'f.K ' '4.'f Vv. V--i' *••• .'• V ''." 1^'-, .'»
of our inventory) boars no
: - i -'j}. •...' 1 ,.i
Mies £ang»8 no.62, with graffito I1II2 (P 2372 ^ ' •>.-iv? v.a
'■'*♦' 'lA ^n .5*^
In general we have at the Agora relative^ f®* Chiam amphoras of the 4th century. .
P 16524 comes from G 18 : 1, which contained "accumulations of the second and " y.i''
.'•tr third quarters of the 5th century, into the last quarter; the lower limit of allJt "
9 ' .
throe Li.e. each of three fillings in the same wellj oa. 415-410 B.C." I qudte a
preliniinary summary of this deposit, which may have been revised more recently by
Miss Taloott. This deposit does not give a reliably precise date for P 16524,
which is placed partly by what seemed to bo the stylistic sequence. P 18816, the final
jar in fig. 45, comes from B 19 ; 11. The amphora has been illustrated also in
connection with the "Attic Stelai" reference to Chian amphoims, see Hesperia 27, 1958,
pi.47, of, p.176. B 19 : 11 is the well in which was found an ostrakon of Hyperbolos,
see Hesperia X/II. 1948, pp.186-188 for this and other items from the well; sjtill
anpther item is Hesperia XVIIl. 1949, p. 342, no.143. The deposit is still, I beliere,
considered to belong to the last quarter.
My letter to you of ^ebruary 13 must have crossed yours of February 14.
I hope you have reoovared from the flu, of which there is a great deal here
in areeoe also.• • ii" " ' ' > • • •%'
•I ';I^ . r
. ' Yours sincerely,"" •.< '••l- . ''->1:
•••ft- „„ti
,1.4 . «. -f.- . •,> : • .' - • \ .1 ?;. > -.
D«ar »r. Mafctingly^
MiBs Cang»B no.62, with graffito nilZ (P 2372 of our inventory) bears no
. stamp. ' ' V . ' ' '
^ eight years in the late fifth century, I fear wo lave not .^ arrived at a point when we can detect such a thing for unstamped amphoras.
In general we have at the Agora relativeV few Chian amphoras of the 4th century.
' ^ lb524 comes from G 18 : 1, which contained "accumulations of the second and
»''V
third quarters of the 5th century, into the last quarter; the lower limit of all
three Li,e. each of three fillings in the same wellj ca. 415-410 B.C." I qudte a
preliminary sumnary of this deposit, which may have boon revised more recently by
Miss Taloott. This deposit does not give a reliably precise date for P 16524,
which is placed partly by what seemed to be the stylistic sequence. ? 18816, the final
Jar in fig. 45, comes from B 19 j 11. The amphora has been illusti'ated also in
connection with the "Attic Stelai" reference to Chian amphoras, see Hesperia 27, 1958,
pi.47, c#. p.176, B19 • 11 is the well in iidiioh was found an ostrakco of Hyperboles,
eee Hesperia X/II, 1948, pp.186-188 for this and other items from the well; s^ill
another item is Hesperia XVIII, 1949, p. 342, no.l43. The deposit is still, I believe,
considered to belong to the last quarter.
My letter to you of February 13 must have orossed yours of 'ebruary 14,
1 hope you have recovered from the flu, of whioh there is a great deal here
P- . in Greece also.
V'it ' \ +« wi*.i
* ,v» • •• ••
!v,. ' nlrtfls—Al.r 'Yours sinoerely, T'C"'.• rv 'V);
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AN^.^. LETTER SHOULD NOT CONTAIN':Ar^ENCLOSURE ; IF 4T DOES IT WILL BE,Syj^qHmq^p?\aW' |
OR SENT BY ORpiNARY MAIL'. ^ i.r, .
-il*'ii•V-lii* 4
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fAEKOGRAMAIE
PAR AVION j
AIR LETTEIpTW'"tti J ?\\ >— • J.-vV«>,
4/<0!(^h*a'.
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VY^'.v,• >.-'' ,'/:^-'''j'V <: • -• •'^•'•A:' V.•Vw'Y^
Y/-:.;. 1- . •- Thank you for your letter of <^anuary 22v-:Y'»Y..^; ... ••.•'/. " -.Y-','
•• 'V; •"|KY'' ->> '''-"Y'' '^V" 4\;ifU W'; Y •••'. ' ' "• ••:13.1964 -. ::.^r,0S!:t:iA_ V * • • f. t V " •" • • 'in .• - t ' •.i »• -. ' • ..j! . • »..- j .. '•J'j
W' ••!(' • '• J'f-f..' • • •We have Jaondean sta-apB only or. fragments* not on whole amphoras of
W ,.•••,* • ' a'*''?'*' * y • '.T: s- ?••'•
-tVM -V Hl(r:'• which capacity TneacuremsntB might,be- taken. Even of unstamped amphorae . ,
, Y.•• • '.•'• •. •
• of apparently ilendeah type, there le not a series of suaceEcive dates ,
yy which nave provided cape.city data* Hy MA article, as rajonarhed, deals -with . iv',';•'.'hYvv.• •-•;. , •"-Vi ^ Z '•I S'•' ' "• "'• '• . ' '•"''"''..'w'i '..V- - ' Thasian stamps: 1 am sorry tiiat I have not an offprint to give you. • '..'*'«;.fiij!
'.<•'< icdMYv •*•?>• •.> • '• ••-•• • . A • • •
The Chian amphora found at Eleueis was from frof. \!ylcnac'E excavatione
y ^ ' \:y:yy'.-.•'>• w -^J
'•'• ' '• •\' M- J , •' I 1 ' ' V;
v'*.:'i\vv .
• '•
'»' •'•yV'il' V '' ." '' •
• \ <
> * '.
..>•'••V.
of about 1151. See nPAKTI[[/i T^IS Ai'^f. 3T/,:?iA2, 1952, pp,K6-0, fig.9, on
the area -where this and other burial amphorae viere found. There is mention
; of thoee amphoi-as also in Mylonas's now volume (1962?) on Eleueis in English,
The deposit ms very near the surface, hut some informatian. will be available
from small vase offerings found inside the jars. Prof. Mylonas plans a fuller
publication, I think.
Again I pass on this correspondence to T'r. Wallace.
Virginia Grace •.." f.
• •-' .• " -..• I.- .. V'• y ^
- -•<, •
yours sincerely.
•f • •''. •>*„• , i-
• •
• -•' :;vA.,. Vh;'' •'' V " <*• /••, •••••'' riWJ 4, V, heR", •>• rs.-
I.*t v.' - ' I'V iiv.-,.'-' •'''. '* ••#i-vii *)4,. " .ha 'A'• A
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- -• :^v|ili•'Aflh-'iJj..'- •- ••* I'• / Dear Mr. Hattingly,
,V' f - • '
f> v-i^5''V ' ^ rogret the delay in responding to your letter of November 17. It was •:';.%I"^:"';';;l--'. -' 1- •'>: 'N. forwarded to ma in Alexandria, but there I had not the aeoessary files, eto., ; f" " :•?,'
¥W'- .to enable a reply.rt', •/, .. >J.
'.• •"*! • •• ""i' •*
As to the Mendean stamps, we still have no earlier ocntext than the deposits
of the late 5th century in which were found SS 6917 (deposit R 15 ; 1) and SS 10231
(C 19 : 10) j these are the fragments cited in Corbett*8 article in lies peria 1949
(see under nos.lOe and 166) and in ^^speria 195S, p. 107, under no. 161. Miss
Talcott could be more precise on those dei-osits than I*
The possible relation of the original weights and measures, or monetaiy, decree,
and of the supplementary(7) fragment published by Meritt in Hesperia 1945, pp.119-
122, with early Thasian stamps is considered in A.J.A. 1946, p. 31, with note 4. ' >;
See also Hesperia Suppl. X, pp.122 ff., on the dating of early Thasian stamped
amphorae.
•• j* '.'/u.- For the Chian series, as you say, close parallel study is needed of the »
amphorae and the coins. The relevimt data are more numerous and complex than you' -I
• <
might suppose, and are being studied by me in oollaboration with Frofessor ilf. P.
Wallace of Toronto for the numlsmatio side. For a sketch of the development of the
amphorae in the fifth century, sea my illustrated pamphlet Amphorae and the Ancient
Wine Trade, Agora Picture Book No.S, Princeton, 1961, figures X 44-45, though the
sequenee shown there necessarily omits many steps. The third jar in fig, 44 is the
one from the Boulter well (N 7 j 3); the fourth is <me of those from Miss Taloott's
R 13 ; 4, An amphora found in Bleusie (not illustrated) which falls between these
two in shape seems to be the stage depicted in the latest didmohms. I may mention
••A ^•
•-V.
V •••• /5',•. • •. 4
•"f •, -'VK '
that H 6 : 5, tho earlier deposit discussed in your correspondence with
;• Jsl;
J.:-
Miss Talcott and Mr. Vanderpool, also contained a Chian amphora, P 5180, .
dsvelofsnent obviously earlier than that of P 21971 from the Boulter well, '
I am sending j^our letter to me, and a copy of this one, to Professor •; ,r 1
which though incomplete is well enough preserved to illustmte a stage ofi:r5i"VA
i t''•
•.-f. . •'•
Vfellaca, with whom you may like to correspond on the subject.
Yours sincerely.
.. >. • '.-V
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Professor of Ancient History
Harold B. Mattingly
•/, Z2.- o\
ITIHIl 1UMII¥1MSIIT¥ ®F ILII
School of HistoryLeeds
LS2 9JT
Telephone 31751 Extn 6364
Nov. 14th,1971
Dear Miss Grace,
Many thanks for your friendly and helpful letter and mysincere apologies for delaying so long over an answer, I iras franklyrather cast down at first,but I am sure that you are right to emphasisethe obviously very considerable difficulties and hazards of takingcapacity measurements. It is easy to read about some that have beenmade and have little real inkling of how much time etc,they must havecost*-and how much trial and error may have been involvedi
Perhaps I really should do what you suggest and try to comeout to Athens myself next summer,if possible with a student's help,I have little enough confidence in ray own capabilities in this lineof business,but all the same,,,J Alternatively I might possibly takeup your suggestion and see whether Mabel Lang i»ould. agree to supervisesome new capacity measurements for me,when she next goes out to Greece,
Once again many thanks for your advice and all good wishes,
Yours sincerely.
look forward myself to•e?—about the possible
With all best wishes personally to yourselfjand^through you^to Professor Shearand the Agora team^
Dr, V. Grace,Amer^an -^gora Excavations,Stoa^ttalos,Athens,Greece,
Yours ever,
• 'A
Professor of Ancient History
Harold B. Mattingly
/ Z2.- o\
TIHIIl lIMII¥lM§nW©F ILlIEBg
School of HistoryLeeds
LS2 9JT
Telephone 31751 Extn 6364
Nov. 14th,1971
Dear Kiss Grace,
i.'cHiy thanks for your friendly and helpful letter and. mysincere apologies for delaying so long over an anstter, I was franklyrather cast down at first,but I am sure that you are right to emphasisethe obviously very considerable difficulties and, hazards of takingcapacity measurements. It is easy to read about some that have beenmade and have little real inkling of how much time etc.they must havecost<—and how much trial and error may have been involved.
Perhaps I really should do wha.t you suggest and try to comeout to Athens myself next summer,if possible with a student's help.I have little enough confidence in ray own capabilities in this lineof business,but all the same...J Alternatively I might possibly takeup your suggestion and see whether Mabel Lang ipould. agree to supervisesome new capacity measurements for me,when she next goes out to Greece.
Once again meiny thanks for your advice and all good wishes,
Yours sincerely,
f~i Gji/iAA'
Miss Virginia Grace,
Agora Excavations,
{ 15 NOVA I97 I
American School of Classical Studies,
ATHINS
GREECE
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Professor of Ancient History
Harold B. Mattingly
Dear Miss Grace,
School of HistoryLeeds
LS2 9JT
Telephone 31751 Extn 6364
4th February 1972.
HBLi/AHGH
•2.2.'0 3
I am sending your-with my best wishes and thanks-3.n offprint of my InauguralLecture, in which you will find something of interest and concernl I wouldimagine that section 7 (pages 295 to 29^would be most relevant to you.Inevitably in such a lecture — even in a published form-one has limitations
of audience, tine and space to reckon vrith and I have probably been ratherover-brief and a little dogmatic as a result. You vrill know from our morerecent correspondence, that I have been very concerned to research much morebasically and fully into the matter of vrine and oil jar capacitiesi As for•pages 281 to 287 you may at first feel that I have been somevihat unethicalin speaking and publishing so frankly about material which hillemsfen (or, asfar as I know,no associate) has not yet published himself. I should explainthat Willemsfin and I in frank discussions at the Kerameikos in September 1959reached, as I thou^t,^ general agreement that I would not only see any of thenew ostraca that I wished (and I must have seen literally thousands, includingsome hardly yet even cleaned ^ or Ivtos, .iumbled and jaixed to_ge-^er in tins andodd boxes on worktables). ^^?y unders-fcandxn^iras^natura^Ty would keepWillemsfti fully informed of v/hatever I might wish to publish and send him ——well in advance'—typescript material for him to suggest modifications, omissionsor any^^^gh^jges that he desired, i'Jhen it came to preparing--® under some pressurefrom the^jl'ge^ Review script-editor—I sent off to ¥illems«n at Athens, as soonas possible,all the relaiaatif pages and footnotes of my IISS. sent a coveringletter asking ham to tell me if there was anvthing •— ar evenj^virtually al3;^fthese sections;^that he wanted altered or omitted. S^ce in the succeeding monthswe heard no word to the contraryand we had ^e-again/be in communication, as itturned out, with him and the German School for copyrij^t'on Plate I (a) •• Iassumed that I could at least proceed to the proof stage. Indeed, in seeking forcopyright, I again asked for any comments, complaints or desired omissions on -thepages which I had already sent him sometime before. Even at proof stage, I wasprepared—-and it would have been possible-^o make written adjustments, hadV/illemsen or any of his staff wanted them. I hope that this will be sufficientdefence against anybody who might feel that 1 had been rather unethical in goingeven as far as I ifecd in this published version, thou^ most of what I tfe.say isfairly general and not specific about particular ostraca.
hope that you^work is going well^and I shall look forward myself tohearing some time a little more —or reading somewhere?—about the possible
Lesbian" series of fifth cen'iiry wine-amphorae.
best wishes personally to yourself,and,through you>to Professor Shearand the Agora team^ J a j- >
Dr. V. Grace,A.mer^an Excavations,Stoa^ttalos,Athens,Greece.
Yours ever.
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Dear Will
oopy of
V'- Th&nkiL-i^
ooTrespond
Bent you a
1) i
(ihare norI
2) platt-TT
J."
fruary 13, 1964 for
!.>h c»s
lishing with my letter
of ^ letter but no
« of
•p. bed
resume a bit on our Chian
I left for Alexandria) I
ing:
Chian amphorae and coins
' . m. ef
^ - . «f ». jol
4) Of ooo, 6th, 5th. and 4th cntdry' with oo—nfr tj^g,8 ^ oommantary, 5 typed
B) photootaty Of adra-in,. o^hoa-a aarl, Ohdan Jar .fth dlppar6) print of 350.16 (aVG 2164, 4th cent Chi«, 4 5,» cent, Chian in Alexandria), also son.
prints which are noted in the "m--in tne Measurements, etc." text
, Oh dahuar, jped. fa,at ,oh th, ffrat .rohan^, «th .ttda^.,. ,At this time I mBAnl* bq j
Puhadoatdoh. and to thia d
f.pUh, .hat «a „ p. 5Of ,onr d.n^Ht ahont th. a„pho„ a.^anoa. ^W «. an ^ ^
(mlna and Mattlngly-a) ao jrou would b. au fait to .i a.a write to hia. Now -ttiere is i«t<ntl™ to do .hat ahould ha dona, B„t 1
I thlnh la a fa- a a of taxt aaphow, whlohninx is a fair start. With it in » r,v. d.
Y«, w photostat of a partially assembled plateVon ha« print, of all th. IndlTldnal itan. . .a®®"* eo if you lay them out like thisyou can follow the frift.
I ohose to put two sizes of the paint«f? .. i d. d f« nted early jars partly beoause I wimhmA atwo sizes of the .arl*. a^-v. d. wished to pui
"" "•"'"nr. 6and 6. ,ith thalr dlff.„„a „i£ aiiforent propoetiflOB.
i
ml}
ffPhewew r
7?O
\ir.
0- ^^"-1
B 56
D 39
D 57
D 40
VASES GEOMETRIQUES D'lTALIEll" MtLI.K
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Dear William,
Hare is another axohange with Mr. Mattingly, finishing with ray letter
to him of today's date. I have a carbon in each case of rag; letter but no
copy of his.
Thank you for your note on Maggie's letter. To resume a bit on our Chian
correspondence of 1963-4; on May 21, 1963 (the day I left for Alexandria) I
sent you an envelope without covering letter,containing;
l) text and notes of your las, preliminary, on Chian amphoras and coins
/ V r-' <4,4' (Ihave now no copy)'..'•a; " ;4 :
2) plates for same, with some oomraents by me• -A
3) table of ancient measures, with refrrences, and a spare table to play wi-tti
4) "Measurements of some 6th, 5th, sind 4th oenttiry" with commentary, 5 typed
pages
5) photo8tat/i<' of a drawing, Grakov's early Chian Jar with dipper
6) print of 350.16 (AVG 2164, 4th cent. Chian in Alexandria), also some other
prints which are noted in the "Measurements, etc." text.
On January 19, 1964, I sent you the first exchange with Mattingly.
At this time I meant to sand you also something further toward our Chian
publication, and to this and copied off a text fragmeht draughted last May,
to replace what was on p, 8 of your draught about the amphora sequence. But
there was so much else that should be said, that I Just sent the two letters
(mine and Itottingly's) so you would be au fait to write to him. Now -ttiere is still
not time to do what should be done. But I will send the bit of text anyhow, whioh
I think is a fair start. With it is a photostat of a partially assembled plate.
You have prints of all the individual items, so if you lay them out like this
you Min follow the drift.
I chose to put two sizes of the painted early Jars partly because 1 wished to pui
two sizes of the early 5th century, 5 and 6, with their different propoetions.
•/
Mvx^
W'^\r
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• • •'.'•:• X . '• •i;,.-"^'v:/v. -
. '»• ••'• *-••-•- 2 -
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I thought, -when I still had your draught plate with the coin soleotion for
comparisan, that one of the coins attributed by you to the early fifth century
really did look rather like 6 (the Karvounides jar, please look at your print of
370,16) (not just the daric photostat), "fe might suppose then that 5 (nicely datedjar in the
by an Agora perserschutt deposit) is not like the/"coins because it is a double
size, not the familiar one. Anyhow the two jars do look to me to bo contampomry,
tops and toes being at the same stage.
There probably needs to be a paragraph isolating the Bimttlar but apparently
distinct series I have called "banded Chian(?)". I think I said something about
this in writing to you longhand on the plane on May 21. The shape-distinction of
this series from regular Chian is the cylindrical neck and projecting rim, both of whic]
get mofe and more so until you get to our P 24871 (I think you have a print) from
the same perserschutt deposit as above mentioned, though it is true it was a little
lower in the wall. I enclose a reproduction of an earlier stage, which even has
the loops; I think this item (in the Louvre).according to the SOS jar acquired from
EtrurAa with it (Pottier, D 59 - see raf. on back of enclosed photo), is late 7th
or early 6th century, i.e. about contemporary with the Smyrna Chian (BSA SSiy p.16,
fig.4) (but I think you have some sort of copy yourself)! ffe seem to have parallel
davelopement, parallel decoration, similar toes. Both might bo Chian, either from
different factories or - better - for different contents.
Fob.14
As to possibilities for contents, cf Rostovtzeff, SBHHff, p. 245; "The role
of intermediary is perhaps suggested by the far:t that a merchant of Chios received
twice, in 306/5 and again in 296 B.C., the commissioa of furnishing pitch to Delos.
It is clear that Chios itself produced no pitch." I wonder about this last statement.
I don't know how clear it is what is meant by niTTH which was an important item for
shipbuilding and other wood construction. Would it cover mastic gum, which is cettainlj
a present main product of Chios? There are a number of references to keramia or
amphoreis of pitch. See e.g. SBHHW, p.1256. Inside the "banded Chian" P 24871 (see
V^'v* . •
w-
- 3 -
• abow) iwae a fino thick deposit of smear, described generally as rosin. Bit there
•was also a thick smear inside the wine( ?)-Chian, p 24873, no. 5 on my photostata • ••
43 ai
2 rt here enclosed.5
>>'0 0at O OBO
g o Any sort of adequate publication of Chian amphorae would hawo to present the0 tj o•10^® OS p
0 CO
^ file. Those stamps do not hewo coin devices, nor ethnic adjectives. For identi-• oS o
n 4ioS 43 M
.jJ -H "tnWO
Chc- e <+Hto W o
43
stamps on amphoras of the Hellenistic period. Some 100 different names are on
fication with the class, various criteria are oonsiderede
1) fabric; the high-set chairaoteristio rim is occasionally preserved•
there is a distinctive olayj
^ 2) examples found in Chios; 77 per cent of stamped handles on record fromO r-l 1-4
O M
Chios are "Chian", i.e. they belong to the tentatively isolated group. The totalo ® recorded in Chios
^ <-g is small, ohly 69; it is clear that most of the jars were not stamped.-p bO 3 ,•4-> 0 -H »•<
^JElorf E 3) lagynos handles that boar the same name. Here one has to watch that thew p ®
K35 S lagynos is not Rhodian. Very few of our lagpnos handles at the Agora are Rhodian,u o ^
S 43 p- a those in the Bonachi Collection in Alexandria are Rhodian. It iso -P CO P
•E? 5
^ 6 "S pretty easy to tell if you have the handle.2 w 3 5si n ^ Xi43 w +> 43
la (0
^ P 9O U Ot 9
Q. O
" § e -2€0 -H M C
4) Chian coins and/or inscriptions that bear the sane names.
_ For a satisfactory publication of even the pre-Hellenistic amphoras as aa §SLm^i-4 class, we need details of toes, etc./ •Bix(profile drawings and probably alsotn on
o «o • ^^ ^ IB photographs), and far more steps than are contemplated for plates showing bothg 2 • i^ t>» • © amphoras and coins. All this is as relevant to the amphora chronology as arec. E? * Eo 91 e
• 43 %'p > 2 - reverses of coins to the numismatic study. But I think that probably for
S I particular plates designed to show comparisons between amphoras and their small-O O I
M
^ "S o"S 'oal* representations on coins, whajf is not being compared should be eliminated,5 >,S
^ o clearness} a selection of amphoras shown parallel to a the obverses•tJ M •H
^ « 1 I would like enlarge!, say 2;1) of a selection of coins. The whole seriesj coins, at actual sise, with reverses, might be shown on other^ plates of the
same publication; while still other platee oould be thorough with the amphora
series•
12.7.63 ^r —- . Oh
[i-V'' - 4
to p.8 of nVFff Chian draught
Easily recognized Chian amphoras, no doubt containing the famous wine, v;ere
widely exported for well over a century before the first repoeeentations of them
on Chian coins occur, about 500 B.C. On the 7th and early 6th century style, no full
studies, but many recent notes, have been published.^ fhese jars v<era handsomely
finished with a distinctiTe pattena in glaze bands laid on a white slip) tha pattern
includes a "figure eight" large open spiral on the shoulder; see PI.I, 1 and 2, for
early 5th century examples in two sizes, showing the characteristic difference in
proportions between fractional and full-size amphoras. These two and several others
1
were found in Cyprus, and similar jars have been published from Thera and Naukratis.
2
A somewhat earlier example from ancient Smyrna is more stocky in shape. Fragments of
these white-slipped painted Chian amphoras have been recorded from excavations in Athens
3 .and on the north shores of the Black Sea as well as in Chios itself. The
less conspicuous parts of-^i? painted oraamant, consisting of bands of paint
4n<5^^LJftd^ly^^^arro<Tkr...--an^NA3a^n^ >^jgMk.itlv44- on the lip, down the handles and
continuing below so as to cross others which encircle the body,
and begimring of the 5th ' <=^4t.v.- h 'jars of the later 6tl^o«a^3y as part of the same series^ although white slip and tjtstux
spiral skA disappeared, and the body shows development ^-ttg^i is the decoration of
PI.I, / 3, 4, aha~n:i^l-,^l~[p 24873]j and the first and last of these three Kza have
also in common dotted circles below the rim and on the shoulders (clear in the phot.
- 2 -
^uch -flse- k2zs
only below tha rim of Jr'l.IjS)^ wMxii are found on many fragments of Chian amphoras
4 [Cf.aesp.XV, 1946, p.278, no.27.]"of" the"late 6th" or aarly"5th centuries" B.C; "The narrowing downward of the neck in'
OLAy—) Lr>)
3 and 4 has become a constriction in 5^ producing above it that swelling of the neck
^and continually more-Jt^sfctetsh.which was from then on to be characteristic of the series^ until some time in the third
.jn: ;quarter of the 5th caatury^
- y
y'
V. -
t .V
1 • • - • .
, 1• r
fer:.,
bi..
. copied for ,iTF«Y 18,1,64from text of v,60
'-to p,8 of WPiff Chian draught
Wms'' ..
•
Lly recognozed Chian amphoras, no doubt containing the famous wine, were
Cy widely exported for well over a century before the first representations of them
•H" V'
,.i, on Chian coins occur, about 500 B,C, On the 7th and early 6th century style/, no
studies, but many recent notes, have been published. These jars were
handsomely finished with a distinctive pattern in glaze bands laid on a white slip;
" ^ ^• t# ftthe pattern includes a "figure eight" large open spiral on the sioulder; see PI,I,
'V. ,,.
. • >' *• •. d , 1 and 2, for early 6th century examples in two sizes, showing the characteristic
f i
> Vt ' ,1,:.; , difference in proportions between fractional and full-size amphoras. These two and
several others were found in Cyprus, and similar jars have been published from
1
Thera and Naukratis, A somohhat earlier example from ancient Smyrna is more stooky
2
in shape, Bragaonts of these white-slipped painted Chian amphoras have been recorded
1' l' T' excavations in Athens and on the north shore of the Black Sea as well as in1 '' • r^"
^, Chios itself. The less conspicuous parts of their painted ornament, consisting of
bands of paint on the lip, down the handles and continuing below so as to cross
others which encircle the body, survive on certain jars of the later 6th and
beginning of the 5th century, and so help us to idmtify these as part of the sams
series, although white slip and shoulder spiral have disappeared, and the body shows
development. Such is the decoration of Plate I, 3, 4, and 5; and the first and
-ft' -•\
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last of these three have also in ooimnon dotted circles below the rim and on the xkBHM(
shoulders (clear in the photograph only below the rim of Plato I, 3). Such circles
are found on many fragments of Chian amphorae of the late 6th or early 5th centuries
4LCF Hesp.1946, p.278, no.27jB.C. The narrowing downward of the heck in 3 and 4 has become a constriction in
5 and 6, producing above it that swelling of the nock which was from then on to be
' ®^raoteri6tic of the series, and continually more pronounced, until some tome in
the third quarter of the 5th century, see Plate II,
PP :-i
.,_ '1.'•-I * ';'2...i^i...V, ..'1. .f. ,, ••., ....,i':L •i,.r.
•• }..
'• . ' • • HO.17,63•r ••
•• " .f •-• • •
V' ; j, :.• \ To p. 8 of 'iTPil/ Chian draught \
n Easily recognizad Chian amphoras, no doubt containing the famous wine,
wera widely exported'for well over a century before the first reprosentations
of them on Ghian coins occur, about 500 B.C. On the 7th and early 6th century
: style, no full studies, but many recent notes'^ have been published; those jare• the I
' ' (including a "figure eight" large open spiral sny^houldor)were hcuadsomely finichod with a distinctive pattern in glaze bandsj.^lai<f on a
white slip; see PI,I, 1,2, for^ySth century examples in two sizes, showing the
t-' .. ;
'
characteristic difference in proportions between fractional and full-size
amphoras. These two and several others were fpund in Cyprus, and similar jars
have been published from Thora and Naukratis. A soqiewixat earlier example from
ancient Smyrna is more stocky in shape; still earlier is the rounder amphora
found recently in Thasos, which resembles two others found one in the Dodekanese
(nov* in the Louvre),'J . and one in Struria^^ Fragments of these white-slipped painted Chian amphoras
have been recorded from excavations in Athens and on the north shorew of the
Black Sea as well as iii Chios itsolf. On finds in Chios, see B.S.A., 49, 1954.*
p.169. On finds in Athens, sea recently-Er-^rgna-, Ilesporia , XXX, 1961, pp.345-
346, under no. P 79, with references and a comment on our PI, I, 1 (Swo:I.Cy;:.
E]^,', II, pi.140), For our PI. 1, 2, see B.C.II., LXXXVI, 1962, pl336, fig.11.
For the jars in Smyrna and Thasos, see respectively B.S.A. 53, 1958, p.16, fig,4;
.3.G.11., LXXX7, 1961, p.934', fig.34, 399- finds in southern RustfiaA, see for
instance I. E. Zeest, Pottery Containors froisi the Eccpboroo, Moscow, 1960, p,
70, first colawnj attribution is not made.to a producing center.
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Plate II shov.'s the jars of the period from c. 490 B.C. to c. 440together with the coins which belong to the same period, datingprobably from 478 to 449* Thus the jars represented on the coinscorrespond to the middle three in the series of potteiy jars photographed. The remarkable swelling of the neck where the handles areattached, and the gradual lengthening of the handles, are the chiefdifferences £rom thejard of the last period.
These differences show clearly on the coins, for the amphorason these coins are larger than the amphoras on the earlier didrachms,and seem to be more accurately represented, althou^ some of thedetails are too small to be shown. As far as the representationson the coins go, the jars involved might include the last one illustrated on Plate II which is marked "third quarter" and probablybelongs soon after 450 B.C. - bthe swelling of the neck has herebeen reduced to a clearly defined band at the point where the handlesare attached. But since most of the potteiy jars of this quarter(see Plate III) show no sign of the swelling at the neck whichappears on all of the coin jars, and as there are numismatic reasonsfor supposing a gap between the didrachm-tetrobol issues and thetetradrachm-drachm issues which follow, we may suppose that thePeace of Kallias in 449 B.C. marks the end of the didrachm-tetrobolissues of Chios. 449 B.C. is also the date, in all probability,of the Athenian Monetary Decree which forbade the issue of coin bythe allies of Athens.(13) It is entirely possible that the actualprovisions of the Monetary Decree did not apply to Chios, sinceChios was
15
a "free" ally, providing ships instead of paying tribute; E.S.G.Robinson, in fact, assumes that Chios was exempt. But the end ofthe v/ar with Persia - and even those who doubt the Peace of Kalliasrecognise that the Persian war did end, de facto, in 450 B.C. -probably meant that Chios had no further"T!arge expenses to meet forsome time. It may also be that Athens took over at least some ofthe sources of silver which had supplied her coin-issuing allies,either to increase the amount available to her own mint now thatshe was striking for the empire, or - if the idea is not anachronisic -to prevent hardship in such states as Thasos for which the silvertrade was important. Thus the injunctions of the Monetary Decreemay have been reinforced by a new difficulty in obtaining silver, adifficulty which might be felt even by states not formally forbiddento coin. Whatever the exact explanation may have been, it seemsreasonable to date to 449 B.C. the end of the didrachm-tetrobol issues,
That there was a considerable gap between the later didrachms and the earliest tetradrachms is not recognised by Baldwin(in the dates which she assigns, at least (14)), by Mavrogordato,or bySobinson. Seltman, however, posits suiph a gap by dating theearliest tetradrachms to 412 B.C., and Boardman notices that thechanges in the type of amphora and in the style of the coinagesuggests it;(15) the evidence for it seems strong. As Baldwin says(op. cit. 45)t "Not only style, but the difference in divisional
V-v',' •
systems makes it patent that the didrachm series with its divisionof the unit into thirds (tetrohols), was separate in time fromthe tetradrachm series with the unit subdivided into fourths(drachms) and eighths (hemidrachms). " No one could emphasize morestrongly
16
than Mavrogordato the fact that a "complete change came over themethods of the Chian mint ... Everything that connects the coinagewith the old Ionian traditions was overthrown.." To the differencespointed out "by Baldwin he adds that the tetradrachms are struck on .a rather lov/er weight standard than thd didrachms. And yet heassumes no gap at all between the two issues. Robinson, as wehave said, considers that the Monetary Decree would not apoly toChios, and without discussion he follows the two chief authoritiesin representing the coinage as practically continuous. But asidefrom the differences in style, fabric, denominations, system ofdivision, and weight betv een the two issues, and the fact that,whether "because of the Monetaiy Decree or of the Peace with Persiaor of Athenian pre-emption of supplies, it is natural that Chiosshould have ceased to issue coin for some time after 449 B.C.,there is one definite piece of evidence which seems not to havebeen considered. _IG "V.l is a list of contributions to the Spartanwar cheat, v/hich has been dated very convincingly to 427 B.C. bySir Frank Adcock;(16) in this inscription the contribution ofSparta's friends among the Chians is recorded in Aeginetic staters,while the other contributions are made in talents, minas, andstaters of xmspecified (but probably also Aeginetic) currencey, orin Persian darics. It seems probable that the Chians paid inAeginetic coin because Chian coins had not been struck for sometime and v/ere not available in quantity. Had the fine newtetradrachms
17
been appearing since 440 (Baldwin) or since 431 (Mavrogordato) theChian contribution v/ould surely have been made in them. (17)
The jars represented on the new tetradrachms are a farcry from those on the latest didrachms. They seem to have thelonger handles, thinner bodies, and straight necks of the jarsof the last quarter of the century (Plate III 4) rather than theshorter handles, fatter bodies, and necks that spread at the basewhich characterize the jars of the third quarter (plate III 1-2).It will be clear from Plate III 3, however, that the jars of thelater third quarter are not strikingly different in appearancefrom those of the last quarter. The jars on the coins thus probably rule out Baldwin's date, but do not make Mavrogordato's impossible. Indeed the jars on the rare tetradrachms without namesor symbols seem to have a less sharp and angular shoulder thanthose on the jars with magistrate's names: the change from arounded shoulder to a sharp one perhaps occurs during the issueof the very rare tetradrachms with symbols - compare Plate III xwith Plate III y. Thus it may be that the earliest tetradrachmswere struck near the end of the third quarter, v/hile the bulk of
AIl
' 'W -, 'fl-k-* i'i'V25,03
the tetradrachm issues "belong in the fourth quarter and later.On the basis of the amphora shapes we may thus date the tetradrachmswith no name or symbol (Baldwin imew only 3 specimens) and thetetradrachms with symbols (Baldwin knew two with an astagalos andSwo with a dolphin, but no others) to the decade 430-420, and putall of the nkmerous tetradrachms v/ith magistrate's names laterthan that. There will then be a gap of roughly twenty years between the last didrachms with their tetrobol fractions and thefirst tetradrachms with their accompanying drachms.
18
Thucydides (8.101) says that Mindaros in 411 B.C. collected three Chian "fortieths" for each of the sailors of his 73ships - that would be 43,800 Chian tetradrachms. And Xenophon(Hell. 1.6.12) says that Zallikratidas in 406 B.C. got a'i)ente-dracEmia" for each of the sailors of his 140 ships - that wouldbe 56,000 Chian tetradrachms. ^8) In short, Chian tetradrachmswere available in large numbers at the end of the century. Thesetetradrachms, which paid the Spartan fleets, are more likely tohave been the numerous issues with magistrate's names than thetv/o small earlier groups - those v;ith no name and no symbol, andthose with symbols. Moreover, these tv/o small early groups seemto have been s^feruck to a heavier weight, about 15.50 gms., thanthe large group v/ith magistrate's names, only one specimen of whichexceeds 15.20. And at the ei^t to five ratio 15*20 correspondsto an Aeginetic didradhm of 12.15, which seems about right, while15.50 would correspond to an Aeginetic didra-chm of 12.40, whichis perhaps rather heavy for the end of the fifth century. Theseconsiderations support the conclusion!^ of the last paragraph thatthe first two small groups of tetradrachms should be dated 430-420 B.C., while those v/ith magistrate's names come later; theyprobably begin with the Chian revolt from Athens in 412 B.C. (19)
Notes
13. The Athenian Tribute Lists, by B.D.Meritt, H.T.Wade-Gery, andM.P.McGregor, II (Princeton, 1949) 61: "D14". Sab especially"The Athenian Currency Decree and the Coinages of the Allies,"by E.S.G.Robinson, Hesperia. Sup. 8 (1949) 324-340. Segre's dateof 449 B.C. for this inscription (Clara Rhodes 9, 1938, 151 ff.)has been generally accepted and is probably right, althou^ doubtshave been expressed, most recently Toy H.B.Mattingly in Historia10 (1961) I4S-I88; see the reply by Meritt and Wade-Gery in JHS82 (1962) 67-74 (but both Mattingly's attack and this reply omitall discussion of the chronological value of the letter forms,which are the primary evidence for the date!)
14. Porty years later she had come to believe in one, for a gapof nearly half a century (from 460 to 412) separates the last di-drachm from the first tetradrachm (without name or symbol) in
Catalo^e of Greek Coins in the Boston Museum of Pine Arts(Boston, i955nios. 194? and 1948.
, . Hi '
; 2 5.OH
15. See the article referred to in note 17.
16. "Alcidas ifyofdJoy<!S> " in I£^lazip:es Gustave Gletz I (Paris,1932) 1 ff. The inscription is published in Tod, Greek HistoricalInscriptions (Oxford, 1946) no. 62.
17. Boardman would see evidence that the new tetradrachms anddrachms were being: struck before 429/8 B.C. in the fact that 489Chian silver drachms are listed in that year by the TMBsurers ofthe Other Gods (IG 31O, 112-113).He says that this odd niamber"could not have been made up with the tetrobols issued with thedidrachns, and proves that the drachm and tetradrachm issue wasalready current" (BSA 54, 1958-9, 308, note 23). This soundsreasonable, but is not in fact very cogent, for there is noreason to kksh: suppose that our present terminology is identicalwith that which was employed in antiquity. Contemporaries mayhave referred to what we call "didrachms" and "tetrobols" as"staters" and "drachms." Thus we know that the Corinthian staterand its third v/ere called "stater"aand "drachm," not "didrachm"and "tetrobol" (as v/ould seem more natural to us since twoCorinthian staters wei the same as one Athenian tetradrachm).Certain:].y the Chian "tetradrachms" v/ere called "fortieth^" (i.e.,of an Aeginetan mina) by Thucydides (8.I0I), not "tetradrachms."For the earlier "didrachm and tetrobol" issues we have, I think,no ancient evidence about the terminolo^. Louis Bobert haspromised a work dealing with ancient numismatic terminology whichis eagerly awaited; meanv/hile Tod's articles in the Num. Chron.(see I960 for ) are useful, but do not bear on thispoint. The possibility that Boardman is right should certainlybe borne in mind - we may, in _IG I 3IO, have evidence that Chioswas striking tetradrachms and drachms as early as 429/8; it ismore likely, however, that in ^ V 1 we have evidence that localChian money v/as either not being struck, or was at least noteasily available, in 427 B.C.
18. See Percy Gardner, A History of Ancient Coinage, 700-300 B.C.,(Oxford, 1918) 251-252. Gardner is surely right that Thucydidesmeans a "fortieth" of an Aeginetan mina, and that Xenophon's"pentedrachmia" was tvo Chian tetradrachms. Thus Thucydides andXenophon apply the same Aeginetic terminology to the Chian coins(40 X 4 or 160 Chian drachms equal 100 Aeginetic drachms, and8 Chian drachms equal 5 Aeginetic).
19. Seltman, in Greek Coins^ (London, 1955) 146-147, would put allof the tetradrachms after ?12, and ¥.tb, Brett, in the same year,evidently did so too (see note 14 above).
* • •.• . : ' • ,•"•'••( ' .'Vi ' • ••.. a";.''
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••nV^vi'^ Toronto 5, Canada, ''Ii'm/V;V--: Februarys, 1964. ^, ^AV-r^-rV',,
. ^•' V,,. • . . .
Dear Mr. Mattingly,
I am delighted to hear froia you. I have admired
the lovely bomb-shell which you let loose in the epigraphic world
(thou^ a three-barred-Sigma man myself), and I am naturally interested in your remarks about the early owls. Virginia Gra£e sent me
your letter and her reply, and I am happy to tell you the few ideas
I have about fifth century Chian coins.
What follov/s is very tentative. In fact I am
not at all sure that Miss Grace agrees with all of it. She and I
are trying to work out something about Chian jars and coins, but itis rather a parergon for both of us, and Toronto and Athens are inconveniently far apart. You don't say exactly what your interest
in the coins is; if you are trying to remove a possib^-e gap for
fear someone mi^t think it connected with a Monetary Decree or a
Peace of Kallias of 449 B.C., you worit care for v/hat follows, which
is to some extent based on a belief in the ATL reconstruction (this
part of it, that is). But if you have other reasons for doubting
the gap, I hope you will share them with us. ovm ideas are far
from, formed, but I have tried to get something down on papeer,
chiefly as a target for Miss Grace to shoot at. So probably the
simplest thing is for me to copy out for you the few pertinent
pages of this very preliminary first draft. The more fully and
firmly you criticise it the more grateful we shall be. These pages
would of course be more intelligible if I could sent you copies of
the plates (or at least of the photographs) which will accompany
them eventually, but I unfortunately have no extra prints 9 indeed
Miss Grace and I have not yet decided on the photographs to be used.
Here then are pages 14-18 of the draft, with their footnotesj
cOyL <r\ ri-lp, - /«- </]
.tfii
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Well, "fchere it is, subject to all sorts of possible
and probable modification, but that is hov/ I see it at themoment. Miss Grace has read it and has made no comment as yet -
but her silences are apt to be ominous, so she may not agree
with what I say about the jars. If we are overlooking pertinent
evidence, or misinterpreting what we have, v/e shall be most
grateful to have it pointed out.
To go back to the owls, you mention Kraay's argument
about over-crowding the issues, and his hoard evidence for the
late appearance of the wreath. I feel slightly impatient with
him on both of these points, for he makes no comment whatever on
the evidence (p. 31, n.2) that Athens' issues v/ere roughly tv/iceas "crowded" in the years around 130 B.C. where 1^1 obverse dies
are preserved from five years, and in discussing the hoard evidencehe treats ray date for the introduction of the wreath as "490"whereas in point of fact I say"490 or a year or two later". I
should probably have said "480 or 488 or 487 or even possibly 486"(I assume in the note at the end of the paper that it was not
introduced 488); there was no reason for hitting on one
particular year rather than another which is v/hy I phrased it asI did, but I wish I had said "about 488 or 487" which is what I
actually thought - none of Kraay's hoards is clearly dated so
late that the non-appearanc^ of a wreath introduced in 487 issurprising. Yes, I agrde with you that the Aristotelian Beconomika
passage probably refers to Hiapias andthe new tetradrachms, but
it _i3 so irraddled that I hesitated to bring it into the discussion.
I probably should have. Let us hope that the dates of the
wreathless Kowls will be settled at both ends before long by more
hoard evidence.
And finally. Do you mind if I say that I don't see how
you and the ATLers can go on discussing the dates of fifth century
inscriptions without discussing the chronological value of the
letter forms. The evidence that they have value seems to me conclusive, but whether it is or not, surely you should be attackingit and they should be defending it. In the Sacrc d War theponents didn't meet; in this one both patties agree to leave alllethal weapons at home; to me it looi^s as if the result was boundto be indecisive.
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43 McKENZIE AVENUE
TORONTO 5
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36
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Copper Island,Aug. 19, 1961
Dear Virginia,I have, as you know. Immense respect for Margaret's nvunlsma-
tlc opinions, and we shall profit Immensely If she will really keep an eveon us. It Is also true as you also know that the first rough draft of ourmagnum opus on the coin side reaches only to 400 B.C., so that we have asyet neither party line nor recognised disagreement for later dates. SoMargaret's friendly note of caution can be taken full account of. But whaexactly Is she cautioning us against?
^ ^ wonder If you can justify a 300 year separatlof those two Chlote drachms." Well, from the late fourth century to thetime of Sulla is more like 225 years, but that probably seems too much toher too. But Is It the style and fabric of the coins that she Is troubledby, or is It the jars on them? What she says In her letter Is all aboutthe jars, and as you know I too have complained a bit about how similar
from the 3rd to the 1st century. Although you do not, I thinkadmit this complaint, you too have found the representations on the bronzea bit hard to fit to the actual objects. Perhaps, as you say, die-cuttersfor bronze werent as careful as die-cutters for silver, perhaps they lustrepresented amphoras less carefully after the fifth century. However thatmay be, Margaret calls her reservation numismatic, so presumablv it la thecoins she doesnt like the dating of, not the jars.
But which coin doesnt she like the dating of?Does she wantTheoponipos, on the cover, to go latar,>thaxi 300 BO, or does she want Der-Rylos, in fig, 51, to be earlier than lOOt "Weight, fabric, and style allseem (I should think) all right for Theopompos just before 300 (he cantof course be much earlier than that because the Chlan silver in the wellknown Plthyos hoard Is nulte other). Baldwin puts Theopompos, on style.In the last quarter of the 4th, and Mavrogordato, also on stvle In thalast half of the Srd. Surely Margaret would agree that B's date here Isbetter than Ms. And the'wrapped tip' of the late 4th cent jars (and of
seems to be visible on some of the Theopomos specimensUnfortunately the coins are rare and there Is no hoard evidence.^ A ^ Derkylos, his style and fabric look all right to mv Iinexperienced eye for the first century. So do his heavy aplcefV coLse 'dotted circle ^d flat fabric. Mavrogordato dates him 190-84 (084) buthe cle^ly rightly means towards the end of that period, there are somany others to go before hlra and after the Alexanders which seem to runfor some 30 years after c.l90. I havent straightened the detail of thisargument out yet, but presumably Margaretis objection (If it Is to Der-kyloa) la baaad on atyle rather than on the detailed aiquenL of Lsuea.
SO I hope that In reply to this she will tell us whlSshe Is gunning for, Theopompos or Defkylos, and why. And I hope she
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Iremslated by Wmo. Cheimona l'- 26.IV.61- to VG typing emd somewhat '
editing. ' . r* • ' ' • - -. '
- ' •From E. B. Zeest, Pottery Containers, etc. (1960) r- , - , ^ i. i
(Part Il)» 1* Typ®8 of Pointed Amphoras of the 6th B.C. to the 4th A.D. ^known in Bosphoros (beginning p. 69)
Te*t for Plates I-XLI
p^0g JLmphoras with broad bands^ (first half of 6th cent. B.C.)/ (l» l)One of the largest groups of amphorae known in Bosphpros in the first half of the
chestndt
6th century B.C. are the amphorae decorated by broad bands of red or iwxkxbrown colour.
They have a straight neck.not vary hi^, with heavy painted rim, half-bolster in profile.
The handles are not large and they are oval in sectltm. The body large and rounded.
Diameter of the shoulders 0.35, height of amphora 0.60 to 0,65. The foot is very low
and rather broad (6 to 6 an l/2 cm.) in the shape of(its)bottom. The proportions of
the jar are rather heavy and squashed.
The clay has a layered consistency. It has a largg quantity of fine quarts sand
and some glittering mica. The colour - light brown, going into greyish or reddishthickest
tinges. The largest fragments have a grey colour on the section. The decoration always
repeats the ssuns scheme; two horisontal bands on the upper and lower part of the body,
two vertical lines of the same width, about ,02, follow the handles from the painted
rim to tin its crossing with the lower horisontal band.*
\\
V
These amphoras are found in the complexes of the ancient settlement suid graves.the Ll]
One of them in Olbia cemetery was found in 1925, together with tkwx pottery of theL2)
first half of the 6th cent. B.C. Fragments were found in the Belskoi settlement amongearlier U ]
the xexyxaaxiy material.
In Pantioapaea fragments of such amphoras were found in the house pit No. 61 of"emporia"
the house of the (merchant?) with fragments of Samian painted pottery from the beginningL4]
of the 6th eenttry B.C.
In the digging of Hermonassa (?) fragments of aii[^;>horas with broad bands were
very often found in earlier strata, with fragments of Rhodian kylixes and vases ofL5j
Kamiros type.
• .• A'
• 1 ^-1
••••: • . O .
(o(ff Bosphor.)An almost intact amphora (the foot is missing) mas found by accident in Patrai
in 1940.
, In the port towns of the western and northern Black Sea amphoras with broad bands[6]
are found everywhere, from Istria to Bosphoros. The coastal towns facilitated their
passing inland. Fragments were found on the Dnieper and the northern Dmniets, on the
shore of the Sea of Azof, and in several other Sind settlements and other places.
We don't have enough evidence to decide where they were produced. Undoubtedly it
was one of the important commercial centers of the east Aegean (perhaps Kiletos). There
passed the basic commercial route that \mited the Mediterranean with the northern Ponticsupported
towns. Such a localization to a certain extent could be maintained by the character
of the painted decoration of these jars, which fully corresponds with the ornamentation
of the products of several centers of production in the Aegean, cuaong which are the early
amphoras of Chios.
Amphoras with light varnish (slip?)
(end of 7th - beginning of 6th cent, B.C.J (I, 2)
Among the earliest amphora types were pointed ones belonging to the end of the
7th - beginning of 6th B.C., covered with white slip. With a dark glaze the decoration
is made, a complicatid ornament, in which the lines round the handles and the neck,
and the 8-shaped curve on the shoulders meet the crossing horizontal bands and the verti
cal lines. The motif of the crossing bands is identical with the painting of Om
amphoras in Chios and the amphoras with broad bands*
The elongated egg-shaped body of the amphoras ends in a cylindrical foot in the
shape of a very high and narrow bottom.
The full shape of these amphoras is xwpn reoonstructed by Dragendorff on the basisL7j (T j ijv L8j I/-ij [91of finds in the necropolis of Thera. Fragments were found on Chios end on'Wodes.
Fragments of large amphoras were found in Istria. Without sufficient evidence. H.T V , [12]Lambrino as6i|he them to Miletos. On the Berizsni and in Nymphaia were
n.dc, th. l.rs. .f th. Id., ot th. .i„ ,f tta ..phor.
- 3 - iyz,.
Similar
(p.70) (dianseter, 0.14, ht. .20). Tha clay is very coarse, full of sand. Such fragments have
been found in Fanticapaea, Fatrai, euad Hermonassa*
» & fr fr &
p.74 Amphoras of Chios
(VI-IV cent. B.C.) (III-IV, 10-13) " , "
The pointed amphoras of Chios were brought to the Bosphoros as containers of wine
from the 6th to the 4th century B.C.
The type of the swollen-necked amphoras of Chios 111,11) was establishedL4:7]0^C^-'S')
as Chian by N.F. Klvokourtseff and B.N. Grakov. The localisation was done on thebasis
gxraoBi of types on early coins of Chios, on the obverse of which is a sphinx sitting
before a swollen-necked amphora. Later the excavations on Chios in 1952 proved thatr48]
this localisation was correct.
The shape of Chian containers of the 6th - beginning of 5th century B.C. is very
well known on the northern shores of the Black Sea thanks to the innumerable finds ofof 1.49]p.75 this kind. Their dating was confirmed by finds in complexes. Maritsin, Chigirintch
were foun^Kurgua and many others. On Chios their fragments .in the ccsnpleaes of the end of the
[61]6th - beginning of 5th century, together with the finds of painted pottery.
Tha amphoras of this type were produced in two sises; full-sise, which contained
21,500 cc. of fluid, and of half size, about 10,750 liters (17,11 a).
The ganezsl average height of full-sized jars is 0.68 m. The body is egg-shaped,
the maximum diameter is 0.30. The neck is not tall (0.10 .), very swollen, and placed
directly on sloping shoulders; from the side of the handles it is pressed, thanks to
which the rim has an elliptical shape (0.11 x 0.13). it is very heavy. The handles are
not large, oval in section, are fixed directly under the rim, and are arched. Their heightdoes not go over 0.14, and diameter 0.025 - 0.03. The lower part of the body ends with a
heavy, low, foot of cylindrical shape, which broadens downward. On the under side ("sole")there is a deep hollow idiich broadens inside, and this is very typical of the amphora of
- 4 -
Chios. The walls are of xmequal thidmesB. In spite of the large sise of the amphora/,
its body has a thin wall; the lower pert and the walls of the neck are heavy.
The half«»eiso amphora has a similar shape. The height of one of these is 0.60 m.,use of is ^
and diameter 0.25. And the^half-sise containers axw a proof »fXtlwx»wxm*t»xx«4«**ftc"A"
WMntibtagx that th^^d significance for measurement. The clay of the swollen-neckedChian amphora is light-brown, good quality though the grain is a little coarse. Character-
in
istio are the idxite opaque bits of it, probably of chalk, and besides this one sees a
small quantity of fine mica.
In Pahtioapaea in the Mithradates mound, in 1949, was excavated a house of the end152]
of the 6th - beginning 5th century, in which sevearl ampharaa of similar type were
found, lying on the floor in a cruBhed state.of
Id -fcfaw 1939 a cellar was excavated ta a Phanagor&an house of the end of the 6th -153]
beginning of 5th century, where 9 swollen-necked amphoras were found. In the graveL54]
which was filled in with refuse of the beginning of the 5th century, was found an
a|iphora which had been used as a child^s coffin.
We must mention the only known (to us) mimiature Chios amphora of 3 Uw
liters found in the necropolis of Hermonassa wfcth a later bf hydriskos of the[55]
beginning of the 5th century.
"^J^OTg khe 5th century the type of the awollen-nec^ed Chian amphora will bo a littlechanged. It differs from the archaic one by its greater dimensions (ht comes to 0,78
and diameter to 0.31) and by the elongated proportions. The body of the jar is not
egg-shapsd as before but narrower with high shoulders. The rim is rounded and ma heavy
and pressed at the side by the handles. And yet the whole neck is somswhat of a differentmot
construction: its swollen part is^ set directly on the shoulders but joined to it by a
narrow neck.
The foot of the second type is not high, is heavy, and by its form different from
the foot of the archaic type. On the underside it has a deep hollow with straight walls
or walls which widen downward. The capacity of the amphora, though the dfagensions areoomes to about
much larger, does not increase over the older one and txxwqwtzKiwxjsxtmxainat 21 liters.
Just as before, the capacity of Chios is of two sizes. Similar forms are known
when the neck is swollen and placed on a narrow neck. The heis-K4> « comes to"j-gno of the jars
- 5 -
0*60, the capacity is half the capacity of the large amphorae* The later type of
svollen-necked Chian amphoras is produced along the whole 5th century/
One of the latest examples with the narrow neck eas found in the kurgan
Elizavetovsk necropolis with a Psmathenaic amphora of the end of the 5th - beginning of[56}
4th century. There are complexes which contain both types of amphora* For example
in the Olbia burial No*78» excavated in 1912, 17 swollen-necked amphorae were lying bound[57}
a black-glazed kylix of the 5th century.[58]
In phanagoria in 1948-49 was excavated a deposit of amphoras of the beginning
of the 5th century. The greatest part of them belongs to the second Chios typej and
yet there were amphoras of earlier type too. No doubt for some time both existed
together, or amphoras of the first type were left for a long time in use.
The Chios swollen-necked containers of both mentioned types usually were not
stamped, but we always see on them different marks applied before firing. On the neck
or noar the lower part of the handle are often marks in the shape of a closed or unclosed
ring, pressed into the clay. But those are not specially Chian. Absolutely the same
impressed marks are on the handles ofc necks of the wine-glass-shaped amphoras of the 17-
III cent, and other amphoras. The closed rings or those consisting of 2 or 3 parts[59}
are found on red glazed amphoras of the Solokh mound. Sometimes on the swollen part
of the neck we find a stamp oonsisting of only one letter. Such is the neck with stamp
A from the excavations of Tiritaki otf 1937. Veiry often there are cross-shaped marks or
X shaped marks scratched or painted with dark colour before firing. On several amphorasunstable
of the Hianagoria deposit there are broad red bands executed in red colour after firing.
That ornamentation is not standard and is not found on other Chian amphox*as. SimxttxtKx
The finding of a great number of swollen-necjied amphoras and their #ra|ta9nta are atheproof of a very intensive import of Chian wine intounorthem Black Sea area in the end'T
of the 6th and the 5th century. But wo nxtnJL cannot consider that this import appeared
only at the end of the century and immediately took xmxtxax such dimensions. The import
began already in the first half of the 6th wentury but it had not been so intensive.
One example found in Oibta gives a good idea about the eakly type of Chian amphora.y{
/
V''V' ^• - ! '• •.• ;• •.••• t) • --•V
. •, «<-{2-,o^
The body is rounded and very broad. The diameter at the ishoulders is 0.35, and the
usual height 0.70. The neck is funnel-shaped; the rim, not vary large, and rounded,
is painted -with a dark colour, The foot recalls the xiqp shape of a high base. Its
diameter is 0.06 and its height 0,04, The clay is light broen with a small ^antity of
sand and limits opaque (chalk) bits and also/i a small quantity of very fine mica. The
jar is very heavy.
Fragments of early Chisin amphoras have often bean found in Pantioapaea. The footLei)
in the shape of a high base was found in Patrai,
, -N ' •,. * ., . "».x •
. ., ' , ;ifV', •' -- "•••
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A '!K ^kl ^ ' T'Wi- 1; . • • •.^* • '*»V. V 1 '• '''' 1 ' i I • .*• • • •..v\ 1 . V '
^ "1 •*'•.
•K Ai\A
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7f- a3.xv.6iT • • • •• '• "'•' ••••••••'"-- 7 » •§ • •••
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The type of amphora with high base and funnel-shaped neok of the 7th and be
ginning of 6th century was produced it seems in different centers. MtalJxKxtxanm
Similar amphoras are repreesnted on bf^ rases. Bor exeuaple, on the proto-AttioL62] L633
oinoehoe and on the Rhodian bf. oinochoe found in Pantieapaea* In both oases
the pictures give us the same abore-described typo;6of jar. That it a!J.8o existed
on Chios and had the shape of the Olbian example is proved by the existence of
Chian simphoras of the transitional type, whioh,k:eeping the shape of the earlier
amphora with a broad body and fVinnollwd-shaped neok, yet differ in certain parti
culars, which bring it nearer to the jars of the snAllen-neo^d later types. Such
is the amphora of the museum of Theodosia, found in Tashli Yar^, near Kerch/L64]
(ill, 10 a). Similar to the amphora from Oltia, it has a broad rounded bo^,
swollen nemk with a painted rim. The ftot reminds one of a cylindrical one like
those of the swollen-necked type. The rim in the shape of a awollen roll is painted
chestnut brown, and as usual, is slightly pressed from the sides where the handles
are. Under the rim there is a mark in the shape of a ring, and on the foot a cross-
p.77 shaped mark which we often find on Chtan amphoras of this period. The ornamentation
reminds as very much of the scheme of the painting of the amphoras with broad bands
of the first half of the 6th centuryj the difference is that the bands are narrower.A
fha hs line encircles the upper part of the body, and the two rertioal ones follow
the handles to the crossing of the belt,end
At the jMgtulBg of the 5th century wo have a new typo of Chian amphora (IV,2),L65]
idiioh is known thanks to the finds at the Athenian Agora. Sevarl such jars were
found Aaxx squashed among pottery which filled a well. According to the finds, they
are dated to the third quarter of the 5th century.
They differ from the earlier known type by a jrather straight neok with a smll
rim. The body with high shoulders and conical shape is fixed to a heavy low foot ofphotdgraphic
which the illustrations don*t enable us to judge all the details. It seems that the
shape of the feet is very like that of the swbllen-neoked Chian amphoras of the t 5th
entury. The height of one of them 0.70, the greatest diameter of the body at
the shoulders is 0*30* »v -
According to the description, the jars are Of a specifio Chian clay; light-• • • .
' broen with a ssiall quantity of fine sand, and ndcaiis giten
^ "r ' ^ idea of the typo of the Chian amphorae found in the Athenian Agora gtmxxx' . [66]
Yyy a jar at the Hermitage. Its shape ta exactly corresponds with the picture
given by Grace. Height 0,83, diameter at the shoulders 0.34, the foot repeats tha
shape of the foot of the swtllen-^0cl»d tunphoras of the 5th century (17,12),
There are stamps on the handles of the amphorae from the Ath, Agora* a sphinx[67]
sitting before an amphora. In the stamp publ. by V.Graoe, is shown an amphora
with a swollen neck. A similar stamp was found in Hermonassa in the strata of the[68]
5th century, (fig. 3).
On the other two amphorae from the Agora there are two stamps, one - with[69]
representation of a kantharts, the other a stylised bird with curved beak.[70]
The published stamps of Chios are all |^epigraphlo, which is a characteristic
feature for them.
The later type of Chian stamped amphorae belongs to the 4th - 3rd - century,
(17, 13), Skaxpw Complete jars have not been found but on the fragments there were
stamps, which served as prttbtype to the representations on the coins of Chios.
The amphoras on the stamps are of more slim proportions and have a high straight[71]
neck. We know two Chian stamps which were found in Panticapaea. One of them
is in the Kerch museum, the other uomss from the excavations on the Uithradates[72]
p.78 mound, 1949, and is kept in the collection of rUM)i.
The numismatic material gives us a whole series of Chian coins with the identi-[73]
oal shape of the amphora. The nearest analogy we can find among the coins of
the years 412 » 350,
The stamp found in the fxcavations of Panticapaea thanks to stratigraphy must
be assigned to -tiiis period. The neck with the stamp of Chios was found among
numerous fragments in tha house pit of the 4th century. Among this material were
found the renoants of a redfigured Attic vase cf the first half of the 4th oentury.
-9-
amphoras with goblet-stems, and of the type found in the mound Solokh.
The fragments on which there are stamps preserved give an idea about the shapesomewhat
of the neck of the jar, A high straight neck ammiuaxpressod from the side by the
handles* The rim has the shfpe of a ^pxnxaA roll pressed on the Sides. StatiauntSMdc
siuq^x Several complete unstamped amphoras have a similar neck-shape. Jars made
of light brown clay similar in texture with the stamped examples. One of xuch Jars,
but without stamp, was found in 1940 in the southern necropolis of Phanagoria (in a(not certain)
complex of the third quarter of the 4th century). Usually the height is 0*77 and
the greatest shoulder diameter iif is 0*24, diameter of neck 0.10, length of the
handles 0*23* The rim is carelessly exeotted and in some places kneaded. The foot
is slim, waisted, and ends in a thickened edge as in the Chian amphoras of the 5th
century, and a deep groove on the under side*
The above-mentioned type is the latest* The stamping on Chios was sporadic,the fact that
Judging by the rareness of the stamps as finds, and^unstamped examples are the most
usual imported groups of container Jars of the Bosphoros*
Among the above-mentioned exsunples of Chian amphoras of the 6th to £xix 4th cent,
the most widespraad on the Bosphoros were the swollen-noeked (ill euid IV, 11) and those
which had high straight necks of the 4th centuxy (IV,13), The Chian Jars of the
first half of the 6th century (10) and the amphoras of the 5th cent* of the typo
found in the Ath, Agora (12), are less known* It gives us grounds to believe that
the import of Chian wine, which started in the first half of thebBth century, after
a period of very great activity, decreased for a time at the end of the 5th century,
and in the 4th century took again a very important place in the markets of Bosphoros*
Amphoras with hooded feet (Chian?) (IV-III cent*) (V,l«)
Among the imported pottery of the Bosphoros in the 4th - Srd century, a group
is isolated, a large group of Jars with high straight neck, conical body, ending in
a sharp toe in the shape of a wkmx hood*
They are distinguished by very large site, usually the height reaches 1 meter.
• '.If, : •,••• -
•-10- .
tba height of the neek (from the base of the handles) 0.35 wd aluays equal to the
diameter of the shoulders.
A great quantity of whole amphoras and fragments with hooded feet were foundincluding finds
in northern Black Sea area and Mediterranean, smniigxtium aa Chios, but they are all
unstamped.
V.Graoe who was working on the amphora mateirial of the excavations at Chios,[75)
assigned idnna to the group all the jars with hooded feet and shpwed the development
of the type through the 4th to 2nd century B.C. And she united with them the n
anepigraphio Chian stamps found on the fragments.
Fragments of the hooded amphoras make the largest group of pottery found in the
strata of the 4th to 3rd cent, in the excavation of the Bosphoros towns.
The jars themselves are different in their details of profile and in the char-Most of
acter of the clay. them are amphoras of finely mioaoaeous clay of a tender
rosy tinge, which remind one of the clay of tin Koan and Parian amphoras; the clay
of others resembles Chian clay. But two jars were found that were made of coarse
red clay. They come probably from northern Aegean or Black Sea centers. The foot
was formed in various ways: sometimes it was fixed to the bottom of the aliresf^-
p.79 shaped jar, and one can see irtiere it was fixed after it was fired. The upper part
of the glued-on hooded foot almost oorresponds to the level of the bottom of the
jar. The other amphoras had their cone-shaped bottom covered outside with clayb
iriiich gave it the shape of a hood with a deep opening underneath (fig^lO). In
that case its upper edge is higher thaui the surface of the bottom.
2.V.61
Very often
hooded toes are found which are not stuck to the body, but they are made of one
piece of clay together with the lower part of the body. Then the inner surface of
the bottom of the jar is considerably higher than the upper edge of the hood. Such
feet are sometimes very low and briad or very thin and narrow (fig.9). The clay is
Chian clay: light brom, matt on the break* without mica. Among the varioud
• —11-
/y'"H'''
amphoras with h&oded feat, there were several of smaller dimensions (Ht 0.73, diam.
>i.' ftt shoulder 0,25) made of orange-red clay almost without mica, hut with white bits.
These Jars are different from the above-mentioned by the shape of the foot; the±ahx
sharp end or the hood is vary small and has almost no groove, The foot is shaped
together with the lower part of the Jar, this is why the inner surface of the bottom
is higher than the base (i.e. wpper edge?) of the hooded foot. Such an amphora isL76]
in the Theodosiax( museum (T, 14 b).
We think that the various types of hooded amphoras were the production of several
centers, among which was Chios. But it is doubtful that we can attribute evrythingA
to the local production of Chios, definitive decision oan be made following exoava-
tion at the place^ of productioa# • , . v,
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Dear Margaret,
K \AjJ- ; October 13, 1961
I find that MiiriBy comes to Loring Hall for lunch, and she is kind enough tocoins
take these booksy^and papers to you. If there is anything I can do for you_before/-• ^ '/just before te
this evening, ask her if she will call me up dovm hare. Your telegmm went, and/
he said it would get there in two and a half hours, and I believe Paris is an hour
mzxiiex later than we are, so it ought to be in good time. "rs. Varoucha called
up here (l blush to say I did not forestall her), and novi we are both invited for
Monday evening, along with - that manusoripp and mosaic man from Princeton, I am
having ajtmesia and have forgotten his name.
Coins; taere are -thi*ee^ of the oaasnaa AEFKYA02 ones, and under the cotton is
the one eSOIiOMIlOZ one. Unfortunately, the installment of Mavrogardato which treats
AEPKYAOZ id just the one I haven't got (how coultf I get a copy?); but he says,I
believe,that probably thdse common coind were minted to pay the big tribute demanded
by samebi>dy from the Chians in the early 1st century, (Od course this number will
bd in the ASCS.) I send you the installments I have, anyhhw. I send alsb Mrs,
Brett, for pp.50-52 where she dates 0ECS.lOr.5riO2. I send you also a typed synopspe,
tentative, by iifiW last winter.
I called at the Blegens, and C.B, was much disappointed to hear they may not
see you here, though he himdelf of course hopes to see you in the U.S. ^
See you later. Hope feeling better.
'• • •••• .f'- *•
• '
Dear Ifergaret,
•i' VL^W'
>• .. •-
\ ? .
- i
October 13, 1961
I find that Mimsy comes to Lciring Hall for luficli, and she is kind enough tocoins
take these books.and papers to you. If there is anything I can do for you_before_,.,>{' T^^ __jfjust before tei!
this evening, ask her if she will call me up dovn here. Your telogsam wen^, andha said it would get there in two and a half hours, and I believe Paris is an hour
asxilsr later than we are, so it ought to be in good time, Mrs. Varoucha called
up here (I blush to say I did not forestall her), and now we are both invited for
Monday evening, along with - that manuscrij^ and mosaic man from iPrinoaton, I am
having amnesia and have forgotten his name.
Coins: there are -Wbeee of the common ASPKYAOS ones, and under the cotton is
the one aSOliOlfliOZ one. Unfortunately, the installment of Mavrogordato which treats
AEPKYA02 id just the one I haven't got (how could I gat a copy?); but he says,!
believe,that probably thise common coind ware minted to pay the big tribute demanded
by somebidy from the Chians in the early 1st century. iOf course this number will
bd in the ASGS.) I send you the installments I have, anyhow. I send alsi> Mrs.
Brett, for pp.50-52 where she dates SEOilOJUlOZ. I send you also a typed synopsja,
tentative, by la^t winter. ^
I called at the Blegens, and C.B. was much disappointed to hear they may not |see you here, though he himdelf of course hopes to see you in the U.S. ^ «ajv(A
See you later. Hope feeling better,
Y U
o44
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Dear Margaret,-•- 'S<-
I*m dolightad to have the dates of your coming visit to Athens, only
sorry that it is to be so short, iife must find time for sono pleasuros -
togahhor, especially a swim, - several, I hope. I ^ ;' "'•4 '' ''t ,•'•''t ' rV
> v.'-.-f • '•• -"'^(
Thank you very much indeed for your kind words about the booklet. V
Yours is the first response I havo Imd from those I asked to have posted i-
from. Princoton, and is like the ratuniod dove, bringing evidence of contact
beyond the stormy waters•
I'm going to send your latter on to IVilliam, sdince he is the one who
decides, in our collaboration, what dates I may attributi to coins. In this
case he adheres to the Baldwin (pp.50-52) rather than the llavrogordato
opinion, partly, it is true, because of analogies of the ^ar represented
with real jars from dated contexts. Since authorities had differed, and ourOT. the booklet
own arguments are not yet in print, 1 wanted to omit, any statement about the date
of the Theopompos coin, but Homer would not let it s^nd thus. I agree withbexause I seem to be setti.ng up as an
you that it sounds Billy,fl«xJwx*«x«i)jaiK*xfeBxiMXM authority in a fiwld outside
my competence. The difficulty is that there is no place in these booklets to
give credit for anything except pictures (and one had to do a bit of fightingeven for jdiat). iJilliam has shown me a number of photos of the bronzes, I am
not sure from which collections. I admit that I find them puzzling in comparisonwith the contemporary jars. I am sure that he will want to study all yours, andget records of them (if he has not already), and confront me with them. I am notaure I can parallel them in detail with the jars. Could one attribute anomalies
vueir aidsto the fact that tiuy were made less carefully than those for the silver?1*11 look forward to talking with you about this and other problems when ycai
are here.
Yours gratefully.
. K
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Synopsis of the Chlote Silver Issues
Description Dotes
(E|.ectrum staters)
Didrachms, no jar
Didrachms, small jar
No coins
Didrachms with largejar, grapes, disk
Tetrohols
Hemidrachm
(Electrum issue)
No coins?
Tetradrachms, no nameDrachms, no nameHemidrachms, no name
Tetradrachms, symbols
Tetradrachms w. names
Drachms, first no nameslattr w. 13 names
Early drachms of Atticweight
No silver ooinsi
Tetiadrachms, Alexander-type
LatOr drachms of Atticweight, with wreath
Later drachms of Atticweight, v/ith circle
Ifevro- DateBaldwin gordato adopted
550-500,mostly
525-500
500-490
490-?
460-440
450-440
440-420
420-?
?-330
325-300
625-575-
545
545-500
493-490or-478
478-431?
C.440
431-412
412-?
412-334
250-200
190-?
190-133
133-88
n.V1(p V
S 0 ^ 2-
C.525to
C.500
C.500-493
1493-478
478-C»'
412
412-c.410
c.410
410-C.330
325-300
190-c,l50
One electrum, VT, inVourla hoard
Late didr., VF, inTaranto hoard
See ESGR NO 1930, 100
Numerous, hut shouldend with Ionian Eevollr
Gap prohahle duringPersian control
Chios doubtless beganto coin again in 478
Many of these-jars rmustbe--J*third quarter"
Not recognised by B, M,or ESGR but by Seltman(432-411)• Suggestedby Spartan inscription
Seltman (Gk Coins 147,n.l) right re date.Jars have long necksand high handles
four specimens only
19 names for 35 specinm(10 namess 1 spec, onl^suggests long issuePityos hd marks end
Jar on Theopompos coinsis late fourth century
About 30 issues areknown
The second and firstcentxiry jars lookvery similar
• - ' • . . .. . . . 'it. x'^• '' v '?!• • • • • V' • • ' • ' . '••.•'I;'':'?
•' • -v' ..„
Dear !!♦ Bernard,
- X'' . . A'- j •• "V- •••. ••••. ft I--'V . . XXiX ' • •' '..'.r'
t.::.:.'/'', '.v'V ' :r--f •'v-' ;• •. ' -a ''A A
It'.' • • , ,, . . . , ' • ••:•• •.••• .-.I't.i'; J 1 .
March 13, 1961
V/<^ . ( 2-I enoloee a print of my not-too-fine photo
of the early Chian jar v/hioh I saw in Rhodes,
enlarged to a tenth actual size. This is the
you found last sunroer in Thasos, If you plan to go to
to Rhodes, 1 cai
.0^ l^r~: ^ found the jar. For nalcing use of the jar in pub-I lioation, you would naturally have to ask Ilr,
^ I?yT— Kondisj I have always found him generous,
) I forgot if I gave you the reforence for theslightly later one found at Smyrna; BSA 53, p,16,
fig» 4,
I hope you and your family have been enjoying
t 'o lovely weather.
Yours very sincerely.
ri
Ar'-x'•' '' t
t ^ V- •'
ovie which we thought much resembled the <aao '
'' .r V
>(•
to Rhodes, I can tell you in just what room I
•0
0
•pCO
«s
•stf
o
4»
g-3
00
g
** -§ :go. g>< tt ..
;>» oq ^ >g ^-S
o
• e ®^ 1 h0 « «
•tJ o •fi d>4 (H n!>a o« »<
!;i; I5 ^
• 1-4» r-4
5 5
§ 8J; •• iH*» IH
•iJ •® -p
o
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I IiS ®•H rn
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h
<^Hf^/\J
'T 1- •;• h' .<1 "X .TP. Ic I^ ^ tp—" —"
, (&,K.^ p.. V^'•^ i '''••*AIN02 ia not a oommon' ftibricant, bu|
with yours, I find there wna an example
in the publioation (Taraua, Vol. I, p.
have a more xomplete example on file frc
ia AINOY (with roae t» below the woi-d).
about mid-aeoond century B.C. (The finding-place should read "Bottom level, Hellenistic
Homan la Unit" euid 1 don^t know how the -Roman got omitted.) So you see Tarsus
context tends to confirm our date for the two Rhodian jars.
I Having studied publications of tombs in Cyprus, and having dug some, Iam notsurprised to see evidence that they wojre reopened at a later date. The rest of
from the various parts of Tomb Ithe jars^i^in your photos look all right for the late 4th - early 3rd centwwy date
jO you report for the rest of the contents of your tomb, though I cannot stop now to
make a careful study. Jars found in Cyprus often seem to be local imitations of
foreign types. Your 1, 44 (287) looks a type of not later that 3rd quarter of 4th.(Like Thasian.)
Your Tomb II, 7 (335) is perhaps a copy of a Chian jar of tiuix about 425 B.C.
I am comparing it with P 16524, the third jar in the enclosed picture of our
exhibition here (did you see it?). TThat looks not quite right is the rim on yourspossibly
which is thick and solid, not characteristic. Was there anything else^yf the second
lucnx half of the 5th c. ? i see that you state that in general Tomb II seemed to
be of later date than the various chambers of Tomb I, but no.335 certainly suggests
it contained also am earlier burial, unless we decide that in Hellenistic times they
much earlier jars still available to be copied, which contained, or had
contained, the famous Chian wine in a well-aged conditionl (Apart from the rim beinga little wrong, the proportinate length of the body below the shoulder angle also
oannot be matched in examples known to me.) The enclosed fhotograph is to appearAncientin an Agora Picture Book, this one to be called Amphoras and the^Wine trade, which
is now in press^ (I assume, though I have no recent news of it).
Your Tomb II, 27 (337), on the other hand, though I oannot identify it with a
olass known to me, does look o.k. for the 2nd century B.C., with that toe.
rv-• 1 . f, (•
tv/.P, 6,y,
u:_ -
SO.oz
kJ 1 ,ppsla of Chlote Silver Issues
^ jS'|" %yfpi.''' • trv^ oJL^ !
Baldwin Mavrogordato
?
C*330
•JiS-
iotj
Hemldrachras, no name
TetradrachmSy 8ym1x>ls
Tetradraohms, w# names
Drachma, first no nameslater with"liames
Early drachma of Atticweight
Oap 500-190 ^
550-500mostly525-500
500-490
460-440
440-420
420- ?
?- 33iJ
&0
325-300(carr*cf)
Alexander-type tetradractras
Later draehma of Atticweight
1* with wreath2* with dots
625-
575-545
545-500
478-431?(cor-rec()
43f?-412
412 - ?
4/2.-
250-2000«
T90-
190-133133- 88
84-A\sgU8tU8
Notes
ESGR agrees with BaldwinCNC (<?Yo b./oo-i)
One^ VP, in Vourla Hd,^Wie i}ilryFj>\ k'ef..
Shoiild end in 494/3tvt/nsert/oC for-to ike-^ xx le-riiJ
Sxjrely Chios began tocoin again in 478
Many of these jars mustbe "third quarter" v.<?,
Not re cognised^b^^^Rbut perhaps suggested"?y jSPartan^ inj
Seltman (Ok Coins 147,n.l) right re date:
Jars have long necks &high handlfta
1^ names for S5" speoSiensuggests long ismxe
Av-tCTTK IS^O
i^xTkyaS ,1/^
Iheopompos coins withsharp wide shoulders fcno spring to neck shdbe 4th cent*
At ?^sl 3o /ssoes
Jars do not differenough to be diagnostic
^
Cy~t)xr">«-3,-4-
*»
y——v^j_j'•—-If—-»'<l-fLJc5
-y-^j-*'yf^->y>
'.pW'4'V-J^Vw-'-SlQ
Da.re-i
550-525-
500
500-
493
H-id
478-C.435
*tso
418-?
C.330
#
"Sa-K-
^ots
Synopsis of Chlote Silver Issues
c.' J ^ > X , C (
h.^- uy.
' I.:. •
SO.oz
(Electron staters)
and
Dldrachms, no Jar
550-500mostly525-500OofTKcty
625-575-
545
ESGR agrees with BaldwinCNC l<i%o J,.loo-i)
One^ VP, In Votirla Hd,JilrVF/>\ ItV^a-yXo k'e£.
Dldrachms, small jar 500-490 545-500 Should end In 494/3l^ntktr -KOTVCTT/Of ftiy- .'iotleH »
Gap 4iO - 1
Dldrachms with largeJar, grapes, disk.
Tetrohols
Hemldraohm
460-440 478-431?(cor-recf)
Surely CJhlos began tocoin again In 478
Many of these Jars mustbe "third quarter" vg:
Gap Gm 435 - 412Not recognised^but perhaps siiggestod
^S.9PlP.J;lon
Tetradrachms, no nameDrachms, no nameHemldrachms, no name
440-420 43f?-412
^1. A
Seltman (Gk Coins 147,n.l) right re date:
Jars have long necks &high handles
Tetradrachms, symhols 420- ? 412 - ? *i XAZ.
Tetradrachms, w* names
Drachma, first no nameslater wlth'^names
33f
lo Zlia e\'kfi-r
names for 3^ specimensu^ests long IsmieC/a AW«/>^ 1
P'tTkyaS
Early drachms of Atticweight
325-300'cOTr<cY)
250-200Iheopompos coins withsharp wide shoulders A;no spring to neck shdbe 4th cent*
Gap 300-190 sl^vck
Ale"*«n'ier-type tetradract ms iSO-lRK'
Later dradhms of Atticweight
1« with wreath2* with dots
190-133133- 88
/\t le^iX 3o iiU/es.
Jars do not differenough to be dlagnostlo
84-Augiiatus
J
I, A^IA t<(NdP-
January 4, 1961
Dear John,
Several years ago you were good enough to give me a photograph of
your early Chian jar whioh is exhibited in the Puar Museum} this is
the one with oontext I believe late 7th or early 6th century, which has
painted stripes and shoulder loops.
Has this been published? I would like if convenient to know its
height so I csua have a scale print made (l/lO) and compare it more
easily with others in the series.
vTould you mind ny giving one of ny derived prints to the French
who excavated at Thasos last sumner? They found a slightly earlier one,
in good oontext, so that it would be of interest to you I should think,
if you are publishing this part of the Smyrna finds. The nan in general^'"4charge at Thasos was M, ^Salviat, and I think the pot will be published by
M, Paul Bernard,
It was very nine indeed to see the whole JPamily here last year, and
I hope you will be back soon,
With best wishes for a Happy 1961,
Yours sincerely.
.cm AfJ
SI
.A .
'\-^i—'rr^-<^
(2^
31^. 4 o
52-
Jd-H: Lytr^J j
55r<r6-^ltor?^_ *5^ 51! A (f^G-^..
''S ~ ^r-y
Athens, Slay 17, 1958 , '&,i
,:-fl :-;, . .; ' •. , ':;i¥cft#¥:,^;^•®s•Sv" 'lA--; •• Dear Gaorge, h : .^/\v slv ' -t
V. v,"V
:• v^f <Jy mV :' iHow lovely that you will all be here in July, 1 gather you are ' " ' '
to live in the Gondy-houee, from what you say, which hasn't had • '
: • its babies yet, only, more or less, its roses, •'i
oa-a disousH sekomata at that time, perhaps, and perhaps go into
''Z\v; ;• ; dates of Ghians, The material is not au point with me. However, note , ,Vihy¥?;: aV' .v^>•.•;'•'• »rx;A.? • • •• irTi'»»,vv.-Hi
>•,. sotne good oorrespondenoOB; . 'Vtv
'' '• ALKILIAXOZ SS 11496 has context of 4th to 3rd o, BC
> - ••' •>} V'v^ •• ' ' ' ". . BYPYKPATH2 A lot of examples on file, earliest context SS 4921, End. ft' . . • . -1 r i w . .
4-. J '•' ,to ist o bc, ,
, va,\©EOSlJiOS) only example is SS 269, see Hesp, .1954, p, 286, no.258, and
w note context of late Hell. - early Roman period} also It looks like that
, IjIKIAZ information on handles with this name, suggest 2nd to 1st BC
'• ' ' ' A- • ' V
' v ... iTith regard to Koan names, on which we are odrrently occupied, for a
' ^ .'• 'I volume to be finished this summer, d,v,, Peter Fraser finds it insufficient•, Li ') "' V
••V/. ;I' t'*'. / that we should be able to point to matching names on Koan coins and Inscriptions,
Bwy® 1® indicative unless they are hames which do not occur In«i \6
other places. Myself, I would feel that once you had a group established by
fabric * shape and material - it would be very good evidence if most of the
names were used by Koans (along with other people) and a few were rather
exclusively Koan, Does that seam reasonable for the Chinnt
•. V.
. 'i'.-o
J, ' '
It has recently become quite abruptly hot. This may sound nice to you.
, prepared to have lots of questions asked when you are here.
'/ -"'v.
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Reprinted from
The University of
Leeds Review
VOLUME 14 NUMBER 2 OCTOBER 1971
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Facts and Artifacts: the Researcherand his Tools*
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
I AM VERY much aware ofthe responsibility ofsucceeding in this Chairof Ancient History a scholar as dedicated, as lucid and as trenchant asErnst Badian. His short tenure was marked by firm belief in theimportance ofhissubject, animpressive vision ofwhat it could becomehere, stimulating power as a teacher and an enviable capacity for sheerhard work. I have known and valued him as a friend for many years.ThusI can easily envisage the kind ofinaugural lecture which hewouldhave given you - either penetrating deeply and illuminating a specificproblem that held him, or ranging with bold command over a broad,relevant theme. I shall not even try to make up for what Leedsunfortunately missed. Instead I have decided to undertake a verybasictask. I want to show how, as a historian,I go to work on the rawmaterial of history. Facts, dates and figures are only the beginning;but we must get them as nearly right as possible, or else the boldest andmost exciting speculation will go dismally astray. And for my presentpurpose facts andobjects have adistinct advantage overgrander themes.They are accessible to all. Laymen can grasp them as easily as professional historians, and any one of us may incidentally find hisimagination fired by some tangible piece ofman's past - even thoughto another it is merely a fragment ofgritty bone orpottery that couldwell have been left in the earth.
I am thinking principally of hard material facts. They cannot bedenied orexplained away, though they do need interpretation and theirrelevance to aparticular problem can be challenged. The facts providedby literary sources are rather different, even when the source iscontemporary, reliable or (better still) both. TAej can sometimes bediscounted at need, if they conflict seriously with a plausible theory,ihe facts which we shall examine this evening are undeniable,immediate and first-hand. But I shall, of course, not be able to ignorethe literary evidence altogether. I shall test it against these other facts.* -^1 Inaugural Lecture delivered onIS Febnianr or aj • i
to the Chair of Ancient History in 197a Professor Mattingly appointedwas
277
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
I- The Athenian demagoguesOnly fifty years after a league ofGreet u jvictory over King Xerxes of Persia the ^ eAthens fully prenared intn o • ^ statesman Pericles ledThe war JrneTom toTe^37" Spartan alliance,effectively it lasted age^Vrio'ended in defeat, the loss of !in e ' • Athens itdemocracy. Thucydides its contemrT temporary overthrow ofon the demagoeLs whrm.fr'^ Warned thePericles' personS ascend^urAS^t^or^ P«-^leaders with asatiric freedom proh^hl ridiculed these new-stylefellow comic dramatists teTted th '''''''whose very claim to pure Atheni^in low-born upstarts,called a 'Paphlagonian' HvDerhn] °° "d^estionable. Cleon wasThracian'. Hyperbolus' real father^^ ^ Phrygian' and Cleophon aworking in the Athenian mint IH;! ^ branded slavethe stage for this indiscretion' Tm mercilessly mocked onrightly discount this comic abuse others. Modern scholarsdown-to-earth politicians, the first" ^^d talk of thesentatives of the manufacturing class at tnembers and repre-being contrasted with the landed ZIT c still find thembeen dominant before the war i Z Ja famiHes who hadmisled by comic satire and social snobb^^ ^bether we have not beenIn his play The Knights - prod^TAristophanes introduces old man n ^ February 424 B.C. -character. Demos has been led by the no"""' ^ mainPaohk Now he is bS° ^h''''u^'^°P^-sobor'P lagoman tanner and 'leather ^ bamboozled by Cleon
steaTSs aeon's powe u' manufacturer'.toverthr T of these ot until theytown, but only by someone even ^o «^///be
even mote vulgar and impossible' W. G. Forrest, Emrgeoce of Greek De
Facts and Artifacts: theResearcher and his Tools
than himself-in fact an 'offal-seller'. Opportunely the man arrives.He is a loud-mouthed, ignorant and boorish fellow from the backstreets, with a flow oflanguage worthy ofAlf Garnett. The championis set to work, with the kind of surprising results that Aristophanesregularly achieves.
Now soon after this play was produced Cleon was elected one of thecity's ten generals, having succeeded brilliantly in a military commandalready. The office of general, tenable on a yearly basis, was reservedstill for men of birth, education and the right connections. No realoutsider or upstart is likely to have gained it at this date.^ MoreoverCleon's father was a man of some standing in the previous, rather lessdemocratic, generation. We know from a fragmentary inscriptionalrecord that he financed a successful chorus of male dancers at anAthenian festival in the spring of 459 b.c. Indeed a brief reference inAristophanes' Knights (line 573 f.) suggests that Cleainetus may havebeen an influential politician, not just a man of substance.
The evidence on Cleophon is clearer. Cleon had been succeeded bythe 'lamp-maker' or 'lamp-seller' Hyperholus, who was already waitingin the wings when The Knights was produced. Cleophon stands right atthe end of the line of demagogues. He was the 'lyre-maker', the drunkenviolentwar-monger who would not let his citymake peace while therewas still a chance of reasonable terms - and who was executed whensurrender became inevitable. He should have beenthe lowest born, themost degraded manufacturer of them all. But we now know that he wasof distinguished, even aristocratic birth. His father was evidently aclose associate of Pericles, and soon after Pericles' death we findCleippideson the board of generalsand entrusted with a delicatemissionagainst a major ally in revolt.
The demagogues have longbeendefended against theircritics asmenwho were able and patriotic in their fashion. We can now see, I thinkthat where they differed from such figures as Pericles was not in birthor station, but in not behaving like 'gentlemen'. Thus they were notacceptable, to other 'gentlemen', as Aristotle remarks in his ConstitutionofAthens (ch. 28, i). Instead they were in tune with the general pubUc,who trusted them. The humble people recognized them as theirc ampions, men of business applauded their hard-headed pragmatic
^As Forrest implicitly recognizes on p. 222 of his stimulating study.
279
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
approach to poUtics. Here were men of their own unsentimental,anti-intellectual stamp. The caricatures which still affect our thinkingmay simply reveal the antagonism which these men aroused in theirown class. But even this view perhaps involves taking the stage jokeabout tradesmen too seriously. It was clearly one that everyone enjoyed,since the theatre audiences were drawn from the whole community andthe dramatisy knew their job. The modern poUtical cartoon mightSwnhr T I T <:artoonist sees aparticular politician as apawnbroker, apig-breeder, acloth-capped worker or acigar-smokingycoon. Sometimes his idea catches on and the image becLes almost
imasine that Frau l^^eral-minded newspaper reader would neverimagine that rrance was once actually e*overnpf1 ^ ccgeneral's hat! ^ governed by agiraffe wearing a
a. T'hs institution oj" ostmcism
pottery inscriBeVtkh hh mme ST^m"^ hT ^with the name of his father No nth ^ number inscribedconnection betwkn tSto men ^clteted to some degree out v,wTaI r"'sherds are known as 'ostraca' These T"*," Such inscribedvotes in two polls of the elpri <• P^ ' i^nlar ostraca were used asyear the Athern pe»,e W»ge»era,io„.. Each'ostracism' should be held If the whether anpopularity poU rook plaSnt^LpSnrTrr"" °»-and no names were ecet formal^ put foi^'mr 'scratch on his bit of pot any name that b iwas in the form of 'X son of Y' Sniv, ^ commonly this
occasionally-.an/ "of Yof the deme of Z'. Provided 60 have 'X sonproDertr*^ against him had toT pohticianyears Tb^^ but must country. He kept his
SchoW °bviousattrart^^ ^^ ^^ay-well away-for tenScholars argue endlessly ablf. "'®'''even today.oprevent tyranny -^hat we w/uld' ^^iri " designed®See E. Vanderpool, Hesperia ^^Ctatorship - by removing
Facts and Artifacts: the Researcher and his Tools
potentially dangerous individuals in good time, as the ancient pureessuggest? Or did its inventor want itused to break adeadlock and settlecontentious political issues ?Its first use was against men associated withtyranny, but for most of the seventy years of its effective hfe it wasemployed for the second purpose
•Yt the start of this century only about iia ^ Amprir-ont^cre known and there were still only sixty-two in ^935- Amecmanexcavations in the centre of ancient Athens (Ae Agora) and Ge^-ocUu .he public cemcy (teK—^ German
f:.t«rb^t u'n^irrg'sI?;,Jooo.-. ~plausibly distributed over all the known „i,h ,his-14= last. Stndents ofAthcrnanpolmo m.—®barrassing wealth of evidence as di favourite^ish. The voters sometimes add comments on their least
politicians and two even provide caricature raw ^hat layOstracism was first employed mthe 4 ' over the PersiansJtween the amazing single-handed Athem ^^^y f^^^dableMarathon and the Greek triumph ag ^ been
Uvasion led by King Xerxes himself, ersia .^ith Spartanreinstate a tyrant who had been expe policy; it was usefulcptwenty years earlier. This was classica Minor and for
oth for controlling their Greek sn je Greek world. Theyxtending their influence further afie j aristocrats and the,^ow how to exploit the ambitions of ,r this time.
strife Zt plagued most Greek rhere were, ^Ppias admittedly was nearly eighty in 4; _^-giatives or friendsyounger men of his faction still withm of- o might serve Persia's turn better. ° . .^y^o were not able
^tathon treacherously signalled to t e . • gj^g jead the message° act swiftly enough. But their fellow , ^j^g g^tes
trectly. Traitors within the walls had eo the enemy. t-fot-i-^ed between
Mo les -487 and.
- -.ct.t-jij.iy. ^ were ostracized betweenMo less than five prominent Zhe>7at! Constitution (ch. 22,4-Qtb 482 B.C. Aristotle tells us in his Hipparchus, the first manthe first three were friends of the tyrants. Hipp
. » . -—J ^/4«Vii=^nV
so many were available to Jerome Carcopino,, ((EVi/mr/rtv^ athmien, 2nd edition).
281
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
ostracized, was certainly a close relative of Hippias and his family.The name of the third victim is lost, owing to an unfortunate lacuna,in our two papyrus copies of this part of Aristotle's work. But theostraca now supply it. The recent vast haul from the Kerameikosincluded over 750 with the name of Callias son of Cratias, a managainst whom only three votes were previously known. Apart from theostraca we knew nothing at all about him. Several of the new finds
r lif explicitly or implicitly calla as a e e, ywhich they mean 'Persian', and one draws a man
be little shoes and Persian cap. There canWe do not knm°^ V, ostracized, as afriend of the tyrants.®eleven of liis ostrlca^ ur^ivrTo' '' about Hipparchus, because onlyseems to have admitted guilt ostracism, however, hefaction at the Persian coun Tk ° members of Hippiasneeded no prompting) the young XerxesThe Athenians then outlaid S u'' ^Megacles, the second victim of osT u , fthe tyrants on Aristotle's evidence Bulk- ^^ \°s'family had done more than anv nti. puzzUng. Megaclesuncle had then reorganized tk overthrow Hippias, and hisif not yet for democracv at 1 ^' °' ®' ttution so as to make Athens safe,than could be found elsewh^^^^" °^if liberal form of government''^Pprochementil? world. Had there been aand CalUas? Herodotus dnell ^tid men like Hipparchusaccused Megacles' dan fthe ^^^t some people evensignal to the Persians at Maratkr,^"cf°^^^^ of sending the notorious121 ff.) because of their past / j"vigorously (HiWiVr vi,contemporary. But modern sckn?° after all almost a
ecome virtually axiomatic to tki 1 charitable. It hasmrelation to Persia, if notW v Alcmaeonids as 'appeasers
an that the ostraca settle tk ^^^^ve that Herodotus was
"1^ Widness of P^of^^wlVt -'7 ^«ther to Athens in the late surntnetin his [^^68), Chromka of th colleagues. So far t ,pubUshc?^!' E. Vandel fi^ds. Seeirtformation. Athens ®°me interesting comrncn
282 ^ It and 21 f., amplifying tfte
Plate i
Ostraca from Athens
(a) Megacles, son of Hippocrates{Co/tr/esy of the German
A.rcbai'olog}cal Institute, Jithens)
(b) Callixcnus, son of Aristonymus
(c) Callixenus, son of Aristonymus(h and c: Courtesy ofthe yi.merican School of
Classical Studies, Athens)
Plate 2
P
Bases r.f cups prepared for use- as ostraca against The-mistoclcs: three distinctivehands
(C,u,vnv of Ihr A,m;-nan School of C/assn o! S/ncUcs. A/hcm^
Plate 3
'Barbarous radiate"' coinage
(a) Postumus, N'ictorinus, Tetricus I and 11: originals and copies(slightly reduced)
#
(a) F<)ur common reverse rvpes: originals and copies (slighrlv reduced)
.V •m
Plate 4
'Barbarous radiate' coinage
(a) Gargoyle' type portraits (magnified)
0(b) Some odd reverse types (slightly reduced)
Plate 5
Silver from the start of the denarius svstem
(a) The goddess'Roma'; Jupiter ( \ i|)
(b) The Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux): Victorycrowning trophy ( ^ i ^).
Plate 6
xT-cTi: m. » m • m —m
The Boston O,crater. A. The murder of Agantentnon[C.om/m of /he Wmenm nf \-i,w Arts. H».<ton)
Plate 7
SS?7ZP^Jg7Z>9f?J
ttlAVS^-V
The Boston Orcsfc/ci crater. B. Orestes' revenge{C.onrtvsy of Ibv Witsinfn of \'im- Arta, Ihs/o/i)
Plate 8
(a) Silver tetradrachm ( X if)ofMcndcof c. 425 B.C.
{Hirmer Fotoarchiv)
1
(b) TwoChian wine jars (nos. 85 f) one,,nLn ,
Facts and Artifacts: the Fesearcber and his Tools
The recent finds included well over 2,000 votes cast against Megaclesin spring 486 b.c. - not far short of the minimum total needed to expelhim.® Not a single voter calls him traitor or Persian sympathizer. Thismustbe significant. Suspicion at the time clearly fell on Hipparchus andCallias. What Herodotus reports is slander later invented against theAlcmaeonids. Other ostraca help to show when this happened, as weshall see later. Significantly, too, not one voter calls Megacles a friendof the tyrants. Why then was he ostracized? The ostraca give a clearanswer. One articulate voter calls him 'adulterer', another notes hisunprincipled pursuit ofwealth. One attacks him forhis luxury, anotherfor his princely stable of horses. With fine panache he celebrated hisbanishment by winning against all-comers with his four-horse chariotteam at Delphi in the games that same summer. Two or three votersrake up a piece of family scandal. Megacles' mother, they allege, was acertain Coisyra - his father's mistress from Eretria in Euboea. Muchlater her name remained a byword in Athens for high-living andarrogant extravagance. Had she any connecdon, I wonder, with thefaction of Gongylus, the traitor who surrendered Eretria to thePersians in the year of Marathon and received a principality near Troyas his reward ? However that may be, the voters of 486 b.c. were clearlycharacterizing Megacles as a potendal tyrant himself. Similar defects ofcharacter and behaviour roused similar suspicions against his brilliantdescendant Alcibiades. Were the suspicions justified? It did not matter.The Athenians were not prepared to take chances. The Persians mighttempt Megacles if he were allowed to stay.
The ostraca also throw light on the rise and fall of the greatThemistocles. Herodotus tells us that he first really came into prominence in 482 B.C., when rich new silver veins were discovered in theLaurium district of Attica. Themistocles persuaded the people againststiff opposition to use the increased revenues for a crash programme ofnaval rearmament. Athens had a small fleet of perhaps seventy ships,not all of modern type or design. Thanks to Themistocles, 200 triremescould be launched when Xerxes finally invaded Greece two years later.The dispute over the mining revenues is often linked by modernscholars with the ostracism of the statesman Aristides, who will haveseen Athens' safety in the hoplite army that had fought so well at
®I illustrate one in PL i(a) with the name ^Megacles son of Hippocrates' written backwards. The sherd is a fragment of a red-figure vase.
283
HAROLD B, MATTINGLYivxAi liJNtiLY
^S^apprfciaSe ^he dates do coincide-one wouldThere are now wHl^ against Themistocles also on this occasion,
many different finr^ ^^'aatbear his name, spread over
associated votes against rn-lT r ^ g^o^ap (often withostracism in 482 b.c. or to T? P° belongs to Aristides'standard practice seems franH own a decade later. Thegrounds the experts assign the I ^o me. On archaeologicalthe occasion - or rather n ' "lajority of Themistocles ostraca tofew scholars have ~ be was ostracized. Indeed,Themistocles or of othee^^^?-^^^- any ostraca, either ofvictim.'If this view is righrther^J "^ben h was thecertain ostracism not olflinlTT' Phemistocles' ostracism is the onlyThis would be very strange ^ °bthe actual votes,was Themistocles' unrivalled n be most frustrating. Howostracism could help solve th undermined? Ostraca from his
The experts surely must beevidently specially prepared group of loo ostraca wasv^re feet broken off drinking ^g' itist Themistocles. Many of tliemo style - the rejects and casimuf^° quahty and anarrow rangeshop. Most of them are the ^single potter's work-of ostraca was prepared for th^P ° ' "bes. This whole groupthe merely floating voter.® ^be lazy, the illiterate ordeteri^ed and quite unparalleled ff Purely it reveals atave They musKenemies to!dd A T 'y®pathize with the r bard in the late 470®added to the name on some^rrLH ^^bich they hadno do'' K to 'get out a politician was later told byPoUticr d ' ^ohivalrous but ^^hhim!' Itwas
and mthe affairs of men.9 ®be had been meddling in
»Sefll' f ' ' "SgsandLefc,^;579), 77 f.; F. Willemsen, Aibemsde
Pf» (Miltiades). his sister Elpinice,
Facfs and Artifacts: the 'Kesearcher and his Tools
There are over 900 ostraca of Themistocles among the recentKerameikos finds. Many of them surely also belong to his ostracism,since these finds include an appreciable number of votes against otherpeople that were certainly cast on that occasion. We learn from thespurious Tetters of Themistocles - of the first century a.d. - that twoclose associates of Themistocles, Habronichus and Leagrus, wereinvolved in the political infighting before his ostracism and stood insome danger even after. Habronichus had been intimately linked withThemistocles' policies during the war against Xerxes. We cannot tracehis further career. Leagrus survived politically and was elected one ofthe ten generals in the mid 460s. He diedin battlein Thrace. Now thereare over 20ostracaagainstHabronichus and some70against Leagrus inthe Kerameikos finds. The Tetters of Themistocles clearly contain somesound information. Comments are added on a few of these ostraca andvery occasionally on those cast against Themistocles himself. Plutarchin his biography says that Themistocles insisted on continuallyreminding the Athenians of his incomparable services. He had a fatalcraving for glory. One voter ironically sends him an ostracon as hismark of 'honour', having clearly had enough. Another's comment isunprintable - or would once have been. A third asserted that Themistocles was 'under a curse'. I will say more of this shortly. And that is all,a disappointing crop. What do the voters say about Themistocles'friends? Leagrus is called a 'traitor', Habronichus a Persian sympathizer. No one levels these charges against Themistocles. Salamis wasstill too recent a memory for that and Athens had been vividly remindedof it by Aeschylus' play The Persians in spring 472 B.C.
Plays had to be 'licensed' by the annual head of the civil executive,the archon. The archon who 'gave Aeschylus his chorus' was calledMenon. One voter at Themistocles' ostracism in spring 471 B.C., itseems, wrote Menon's name on his sherd, adding as his reason 'for hisconduct as archon'. Presumably he felt that Menon had acted inThemistocles' interest and he had some justification.' ® Aeschylus' playshows the recent Persian war from the Persian side; the action is set inSusa, where Xerxes' mother Atossa and the Persian Elders wait
I can only explain the terse message on this sherd as an attack on Menon's officialconduct, though one or twoletters areuncertain. We must await definitive publication.W. B. Dinsmoor has already suggested {Hesperia, suppl. v., 162 f.) that Menon-nowknown from a large number of ostraca —might be the archon of 473/2 B.C.
285
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
^ ^"^voy from the King arrives. He-was ^ ^saster at Salamis, recording ho-w the Kinginto the n ^^"^sssage from the Greek camp into ordering his navyInstead of tra^ the coast off Athens.shattered. Th^t me^ssage came fr^"^^ trapped itself andthe theatre mnsr h i Themistocles, as every spectator inaskine the EWer the Queen Mother had beenwh^fresoumetw K reminded of Marathon. 'Butstore of silver a tre courage ?' 'They have a richof Themistocles antl '°tl.' Who would fail to think^tid his naval programme then ? 'ivn.. .u.:. .^ocrer?'.
ui. oaiamis, when taunted as a .,,0 T ; nimscu auAeschylus, of course fiirl without a city'.
Themistocles. But it mus't hav h°i simply to defendmade his enemies' task harde^ ff ^r ' ^^^^ted an atmosphere -whichwas all the more necessary Thp. ,L P°i^t of view that taskdid fear Themistocles' formirlsW oftyranny, but theydecided to sacrifice him in order t They had apparentlya modern view, but -^e find "r ^ ^"h Sparta. This isThemistocles. The ostraca and I ^^e Tellers ofThemistocles' over-confidence reveal something else,unwisely went over to the offensi, ^A certain. His friendsmalio-norir' 1 UolVe. On nnp t • -^iled
him
w, ^-^--^.un^Qen^p fv, j 1 • — ouiiu^Liumg
unwisely went over to the offensive A ' His fi^^--malignant', another makes rVie " ostracon Leagrus is calledslanderer.'The 1 "^amng plain by terming himAlcmaeonid clan, Megacles' faSl accused members of thetoat someone concocted the slA'A sympathies. Was it noWPersians at Marathon? No doubt about their signalling to theof the famly curse, inherited from ' agged in the old storyawould-be tyrant and his friends ^^thless treatment of^pelled from Athens on tUs pretext / ''' aeonids had twice beenMegacles of it on their ostraca £ 2 voters had reminded286 The Alcmaeonids no-v^
Facts and Artifacts: the Fesearcher and his Tools
countered in kind, as the ostraca show. Themistocles' friends were thetraitors, in league with Persia. As for Themistocles himself, he wasunder a curse of his own.^^
This determined campaign dislodged him from Attica. Within fiveyears he was hounded out of Greece. His enemies in Sparta and Athenshad built up a formidable dossier of 'evidence' convicting him oftreasonable dealings with the Persians. Whenhe travelledeastwards andfinally took refuge with Xerxes' son he must have seemed to justifythem completely. But later generations had their doubts - and somay we.
3- Ostraca and ceramic chronology
Ostracism had now been used six times in barely fifteen years. After thispromising start the Athenians settled down to using it with discretion-probably only in 461, 443 and 415 B.C., when it was discredited forever by over-blatant political manipulation. All known ostraca, Ibelieve, were cast on one of only nine occasions in the fifth century.^^This could make them a very valuable control on the chronology ofAthenian pottery, especially for the finer glazed wares and the painted,figured vases. Most commonly, of course, voters used any piece ofcoarse pottery that came to hand - even a broken tile, a bit of a brickor a drain-pipe.
The better table-ware and the fine painted pottery were exportedwidely. They are thus of great importance for archaeological datingover a large area of the Mediterranean and even beyond. Much of theother site-material cannot be at all closely dated, and even what can bedated will often be found to depend ultimately on Athenian ceramicchronology. Study of shapes, painting technique and styles and thecontents of ancient wells in Athens, filled at intervals through the fifthcentury, has enabled scholars to build up a very reliable and impressivesystem of relative dating. But there are still too few absolute, fixedpoints. The Persian destruction of 480/79 B.C. unluckily does not
The Alcmaeonid curse could be regarded as dangerous to the whole community, ifAthens harboured the clan. The same point couldbe made about Themistocles' 'curse',whatever it was.I shall ar^e this case fully elsewhere. Other scholars accept ostracisms reported bydubious literary sources (the elder Alcibiades, Menon, Callias son of Didymias andDamon) or postulate abortive ostracisms - to account, for instance, for the heavy votingagainst the previously unknown Alcmaeonid Callixenus.
287
HAROLD 33. MATTINGLY
provide the clear demarcation line that one might expect though in aSSmlr fton. 'post-pLttf styfe. Thernieht n3iS ^ 4^5 b.c. The ostracadistinctive nmfile. T black-glazed drinking cups with a verynone to mv knowlp,? !; similar vessels had been used, butvS t^r^t °t quite the same kind; all seetn to be of earlier
We baSrnrdT" of an evolving shape,"blaTkVgmLTrtdlfifairly small and so for tVa din ostracisms. The total is as yetsurprises. The painted Meglclero' mco^^h' apparently had nobeen dated before 486 bc even if x " Pb would havecast as avote. Similarly the red-fia T-normally be set safely before 482^^ ®bown in PI. i(b) wouldoccasions for its use against the A1 earlier of the two possiblewhich both display,Ts abefore the Persian invasion Tf, painting convention ofassigned to the 470s. By 470 3c profile eye is usuallyto have achieved the full side-view u vase-painters are thoughtfrom the pioneers. Carvers of relief^ j generally taken overover to the new convention abmu-^v die-cutters mostly movedand ready criterion for numismatic fl ' bus provides a rough
Iwould myself incline towITexperts, but one day Themistocles' n dating than the potteryragmentary vase-paintine with f found scratched on a
accepted dating of red-figum ^ If tbis happens,valuably confirmed in detail As rh ^^b-figure pottery would bepaintmg with frontal eye for which ^bere is one vase-bas been claimed. If the claim is prove/^u^ ^f^" 4^0 B.C.vase-painting would have to be moved d ^^ole phase of AtticThe painter is in the mainstream semt ^en years.
cannot be treated as k^e ' ^banging fashion, and sobehind the rest. The vase in questTon • P.' individual laggingfirst pubhshed, with the disturbing Boston Museum and was
1°^ date, by Professor Emily1 a r» 1-. -
(1968), 117 fF.: B. A. Sparkes and' f'^^4erpool, Hesperia xxi f,n nL. Talcott, Agora Excaoalioas^.^l^lf^^
Facts and Artifacts; the B^searcher and his Tools
Vermeule in 1966." It is well worth studying in its own right, since itcould be a unique historical document.
rf. The Boston ORESTEIA crater
Thepainterof thislarge wine-container is known asa specialist in genrethemes, with charm and feehng-but no real imagination or depth.This vase is quite different from his normal work. On one side we seethe murder of Agamemnon by his wife's lover after his triumphalreturn from Troy; on the other the painter depicts the murder of thatlover byAgamemnon's now grown-up son. Here is theclassic revengetheme. Orestes' mother tries to save her lover, as earlier she is seenurging him on to her husband's murder. In that scene we cannot helpremarking the curious garment in which Agamemnon is ensnared byhis 'loving' wife-the treacherous, all-enveloping bathrobe withoutarmholes.15 Professor Vermeule argued that this vase was painted underthe immediate impression of the stage production of Aeschylus'masterpiece The Oresteia in 458 B.C. It is the only vase-painting thatpairs Agamemnon's death with his revenging, as in Aeschylus' greatscheme, and 'deaths of Agamemnon' are not otherwise found on Atticvases and are rare in any art. This seems to be the earliest. No othervase-painter moreover shows Agamemnon's death in the fatal garment,the 'net' so graphically described in Aeschylus' poetry and dramaticallydisplayed to the audience after the deed has been done offstage. I wasonce very attracted to Professor Vermeule's theory. Imagine theexcitement of finding a contemporary painting inspired by a premiereof one of Shakespeare's plays! But the facts tell fatally against thetheory. The painter does not follow Aeschylus in one vital point, unlikethe poet Pindar who treated the theme a few years later and was fairlyclearly influenced by The Oresteia. In Aeschylus it is the wife who killsAgamemnon; her lover plots the deed, but is careful to keep well outof the way. The revenge of Orestes thus becomes principally revengeon his mother; the lover's death is quite subsidiary and he is killedwithout Clytemnestra even being aware. She learns of it only when shefaces her own doom. How different it all is in the vase-painting!
' American Joitrnal ofArchaeolo^\ Ixx (1966), 1—22.' See my Pis. 6 and 7. Agamemnon's murder is shown in Pi. 6. His wife is at the left,behind her lover. She is again on the left in Pi. 7, this time behind Orestes.
289
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
SlcrivelT' ? is very much presentolav and tin turn." Behind both Aeschylus'meLmatio^^ ^ he some fairly recenttreacherous net in^whichshould think of adithyramb aHnTfk^ ^^tangled. Perhaps weAeschylus himself had already u^d 1 ^of one of his lost plays froiZ the n j rP y mthe period after The Persians (472 B.C.)-
/• 'Barbarous radiate' coinageFrom masterpieces I descend (fr.. v ^
artifacts as rude and odd as anyoLcoifdd I? ludicrous, tothe Roman Empire from a.d \( desire. The regular coinage ofimitations, both in Gaul and BritL^TS^ copied by aflood of localbut in fact of increasingly noor ^.11 were allegedly silver,They come in all shapes and si^ a' mcfTi.passed as forgeries, except t comparatively few could havehowever, often achieve recogni^ Kl ®^®P^^-"^inded. Their makers,of reverse types. But the general r l faithful reproductionswe find a truly remarkable portr ^^ ®uch wilder. On the obverseswith medieval gargoyles The occasional affinitiespoints of departure and quite far from their
Some British scholars have argi ri""^^ evolved."contemporary with the originak t? ! currency was not justthought, in the post-Roman Dark A have been revived, theytDrd-century 'radiate' issues might P ®htain, when large hoards ofmodels. Anumber of hoards LerHf unearthed and provided(suggesting metal shortage) or Zl with very small coinsda.edM,hefifth„,e™Jhi;^) odd were confidentlyWe none of this a„d atchaeowh S ' Uwh scholars wouldnght, and the proof lay „ ,h., coi„f1°°' it in Britain. They wereRoman hoards in Britain containThe supposed post-
tom the same dies, or at least
"• £»«*Si:lS™&»<«4..c.) ...c M»god inapedimentcd temple int-Bo on Be ,
centre. The regular at the top right and the29° average 20 mm in diameter.
FactsandArtifacts: the Researcher andhis Tools
from the same local mints, as copies certainly stratified in late third-century contexts. Moreover, we now know that this strange currencywas not just regional: itmoved around the country fairly freely both inBritain and Gaul and occasionally even crossed the Chanriel. Thiswould hardly be conceivable in the conditions of disruption thatpresumably followed the collapse of Roman control.^®
I shall not try to assess what this currency means msocial or economicterms or how it worked, even if I knew. It raises fascinating problemsand reflects the loss ofconfidence, the threatened disintegration and thegrowing inflation of aperiod of imperial crisis. The Emperors finaUymanaged to outlaw it. Britain then settled for a time for its ownEmperors, Carausius and Allectus, but the rest of the Empire wassensibly content with Diocletian. In the end, of course, Britain had tojoinEurope.
6 Ths ovi^n ofths ^otfictn defiuviusThe standard coin which formed the model for Aese copies was the'double-denarius', which replaced the denarius itself as the mam Romansilver denomination r. a.d. 25o."Until then the denarius had had alife offour and a half centuries. There was Roman silver and bronze beforethe first denarius, but the complex system of which that com formedpart marked an important stage in Roman currency. We need precisedating for early Roman coinage, for the same good archaeologicalreasons as apply to Athenian pottery. At many sites, over afairly widearea, it will be Lr only reliable dating evidence. Moreover without anaccurate arrangement of this coinage, we ca^ot begin to use itsevidence properly for reconstructing Roman financial policy in thethird and Lond centuries B.C. The denarius is central to this problem.When was it introduced? The question illustrates fascinatingly theclash of several types of fact. Italian scholars f°'he literaryevidence and dated the first denarius a6 ..c. with the EUy RW-In .9,a my father and his colleague, Stanley Rohmson, used the factsof the eoiiige itself to disprove this dating conclusively. Their ownla T- r 1. IJ TriVnr lee C. V. H. Sutherland in Dark Age BritainFor a reasoned deface of ° g fo) the crucial evidence against it, see my
{Studies presented toE. T. Leeds), I95"' 3 , ^ 61-9.Mticles in Numismatic but actually weighed onlyone and a half
" The antoninianus was of equivalent tineness, utimes as much as the denarius.
291
HAROLD B. MATTINGLYiTXilA i-LlNVjljX
process of firw'nri coinage would crown along and slowHannibal. Most peopTe^Iame rXd"! v""numismatic authori^ BuT on. i. isolution, amiddle da2between^L't^° for a compromiseoriginated in the Hannibalic WarS"evidence was repotterfmmThi^s^ ' objectiveMorgantina. During Rome's war city in Sicily calledginians made a determined effort? Hannibal, the Cartha-army. Syracuse and Agrigentum r ^i^dy. They landed anMorgantina. In 211 B.C. it w revolted from Rome. So too didsanctuaries, fallen roof tiles ^r Romans. In houses andclear tale. The destruction' ^ ^^ signs of burning seem to tell aofferings show in one of the^?wanton, as shatteredroom toroom. Sealed beneath hurled violently fromtown, lay bronze and silver fr ^^^of-tiles, in six dispersed sites in theHere surely was conclusive j ^ °f*-f^c denarius system-
ai2 B.C., just before the denarius originatedapparently won.^" sack. The middle dating had
But there were still so u^holars, myself include?^fl?i?^^^^®ismatic facts that one or twoWas there perhaps an aiternativ ^"h the new dating-
Certainly the Roma? of the archaeologicalthen or ^^struction. But was Morgantina must haveLnTao? '?^° settle abody of go ? ^^^^^le ?The Romansgenerati ? f^°^ses confiscated there, presumably ondtXis?- SpamaTdt a Pro-Carthaginians- TwoSn<.^;„.j.,N^^, °n2e coins in;;^>:L their predominance in the
generations later I '°^^^ated from there, presumatdtv bv icc. • these Spaniard-; o pto-Carthaginians-Spaniards')?\^°^^^° ' sinscribeTsr^/' ^^^ predominance in theorivilegS g. T"' P^haps no V ^P^^^ HISPANORVM ('of the
°?^he Romans to settleinimunal violen? have Sicilians smarting fromviolence, comparable I ? ' ptescription for later
^ present troubles in Ulster-
292 h958), 75 ™t'f, eoms were struck. See K. EtiV ' of M. H. Crawford's Rom^» RepM'"">tor the decisive evidence. (i97o), 232.
Vacts andArtifacts: the Researcher and his Tools
Even after the Hannibalic War arson and looting might have brokenout - and led to those Roman coins being sealed under fallen roof-tiles.
This may well sound like special pleading and, to be frank, I alwayshalf thought so myself! Yet we must try to square allthe facts and theobvious commonsense answer can be wrong. But it was not so in thiscase. Other objective facts have forced me to come right round. I hadlong looked at them without seeing their true significance. Romanbronze issues, for instance, from a mint inApulia (associated with veryearly denarii) are commonly overstruck on coins from north-westGreece. The undertypes were almost certainly issued soon after 218 B.C.Now, one group of these was struck by a town called Oeniadae.Oeniadae was captured by a Roman army operating in Greece inHI B.C., inalliance with the Aetolians. Under treaty arrangements theRomans handed over captured towns to the Aetolians, but kept allmovable booty themselves. So clearly masses of the local bronzecoinage went back to Italy in spring 210 b.c. with the victorious Romangeneral - to be restruck as Roman coins in an Apulian mint near theport of entry. The accepted dating for the denarius is thus confirmed.^^
7. The materialfacts of Athenian imperialismIead „i,h abig historical debate which may fioally turn o"about the dimensions of coarse pottery jars often 00rne aimensions ui Apfpo^t of Xerxes Athens beganncompi,,,. Soon after the Greek defeateading a great counter-offensive ^^^ -^jth atacit understandingIt ended effectively alittle later than 45 alliance, however,ofthe need for peaceful coexistence.^as not disbanded and Athens accumulation ofopartan coalition in 431 ®-^-Y?^nceded that Athens'position had
onfederate funds. Pericles frank y dangerousbecome morally indefensible, but mh^^o give it up.
^ • 'Thessalv to Aetolia' (1883). lii-liii, for theSee B.vyy/. Mnsean: Catalogue of GreeM Such afating of the undertypes (between the Roman treasuy befw^^
293
HAROLD B. MATTINGLYjj, iviAl IIINLjIiI
When did Athens turn a freewhere her wiU was law? Was it the resu^Tf Bmpite,warin Greece and then themscriptional evidence-the eApraohiJtorians that the change resulted frn persuaded most his-and was completed when effective"fi twenty years earliertie earl, 440! a, hrSritn ar'fi®suspected this frnmi-i^ar: " ^ "'^st surprised. Thev had nottie earl, 44raeC';™' wirh A p™L'ns insuspectedwho recorded both Athens' rise a gteat contemporarypower. But the epigraphists' a th • shattered Athenian
decrees ofmarked imperial tone TridT"^ won. Some crucial Athenianthat apparently could not be later tV, inscribed in letteringrecords seemed to impose this vie dated inscriptional
But doubts lingered esoe ' ncontroversy. This imposed Atheni^ decree in the wholeon the alhes - principally that is ^^"^ncy, weights and measuresGreek ddes on the coLts of It'areaand the
cities obviously
often did not use it; and there were? , coinages, though theywitlu, the Athenian alliance dote different coin-stfndardsand measures V variety in the
Zd ^^d busS «^as all Hghly incon-go more smooth^ withthe old certaintief2f ^hetld^ tsanctions, threats oft ^he Athed pence and
Now it might seem tW 'r^ ' don.
dating of the decre ° abruptly soon r P'® the silver issues ofdecisfve brellftotl^^^^^^^^^ orthodoxwith the necessary n " . .^^okily we ran " ^ot, when does thesome mints were an imi Greek coinages
But another objective T ' ^ 'gatde, othetl^^ criterion and anywayfor standardisation ^vai^Se"_
easures. Amerir ^ material evidence" =°mmenta ^^oavations in the centre
happ; t lectupe "f
Facts and Artifacts: the Researcher and his Tools
of ancient Athens have uncovered many facts abomimport trade in wine in the fifth century b.c. ree w pnormally used standard containers, big jars with acapaaty of cght otwelve of the local measures The same word was used in d^fferjt^systems, rather as gallon is employed today. Several sjies of fo gjars ha4 been isolated at Athens and two are certainly identified.They can be traced through much of the fifth ce^y _TW come fromthe island of Chios and the north Aegean port fMendean wines were the ^^oicest an mostin Atticfi and the lars have quite cfiaracterisu p • ^ rthe buw;.r„ecks L the eJier aud appear on the stive, ecnage beforeic Duiging riecKs nic new-style lars were introducedthe seated spW the city sbadge. >at adate noTfar frotn 43o B.a T^city s coin-type, as though ^o as^ Both types of jar hold eightcapacity were guaranteed as good as • v,o,r-;bTr rvn tPp AtHn/^i • 7 /-. • I0/-X rn<arWpd with their capticity on the AtticChian Some ars are also marxe j u„,oopocnrpmpnt This ^st..>dard(seve„rl»)»ddusha^^^^^^^^ ^'bri'.hh"is^ship with Athens. The Chians enjoyed free association and could ignoimperial regulations, if the, fished. So rtor coinage went on unbroken,and on ,h?Chian stindard, and their wine-,ars were never adjusted tosuit Athens. No doubt tolerance of this anomaly was assisted by thefact that the conversion rado between the two systems was fairly easy.
Mende was asubject ail, and would have fMendean jar(r.„oB.C.P)than.he^^^^^^^marked as having acapacity J ^f the localpresumably conversion from either eigistandard, which we do not know. Unluckily only the neck of the asurvives, so that it cannot be measured for capacity. Thejar o . ( )(c. 430 B.C.) appears to have been smaller. Looks may be deceptive, bit will hardly have held much more than the Chian jars. Then aroun420 B.C. we come across very fragmentary Mendean jars stamped witthe city's coin-type. Another jar of this date is certified as having acapacity of eight Attic choes, like the standard Attic jar. Itwould seem
3)<-U.
' '"ll'Lo BcVwo' FtrVes^Xi"/ ^ihe ?
HAROLD B. MATTINGLY
that in the late 420s a new •the new Chian) by the rinX °^)arwas introduced, guaranteed (likesystem. Inthe 440s the iars standardized on the AtticAfew Mendean jars, both _ the local standard,measured or at least estimated ^ are complete enough to behas been published on this ^^pacity. But as yet nothing detailed
The 3-vailablc facts howare backed by the evidence flnmtvf ^Pgent - especially when theycan also be traced back some ^ ofThasos. Thasian wine-jars420 B.C., it seems, the first Thasia?/^^° century. Soon after
his IS suggestive, in view of the Ar ! guarantee stamps appear,convmcing, however, is the r evidence. What I find morespecificauons for making standard on stone at Thasos of officialTh B.C. The standard intended °^^§o-jars. This can be firmly datedThas.aa" "'«ded „Atheman apparently, not the local
-L nese facts have bee
?f ISO B.C. The"'"trUbon,'*'"''">= Athenian Coinageaft babouta .e.nvig„ratio„. of it c. 40 B.C. by,1® teems to° i^^"!; "'"fMende's jars, and indeedtaplythtSf""'' '2^t4T b""'' was not obeying theMenL'g^ohJi ?"^^"^elfwasinf/! 44os. The material facts
If the r coinage ends 28 passed until c. 425 B.C., whencoinage Dec
certain othernot now be ^^oonstruSo 'developed in hio 1 risino i '- ^*^^onian imperialism wiHand Hyperbolus and been co f Pericles. It will haveIbegan by forsw^r '"®"' '"^«ted successors Cleonmterpretatton and boid^® 'Peculation, intaginative
" For the Mendean ia(1952') mr^ ' • HestierU ••
„ 345. no. x66: Hespena,On Thasos, see Vim" ^ ass 57- For capacity see Mabel Lang,Lang, Bu//e/i„ de Averse tyoel ' °'A'ype see my PI. 8U)Professor B DZ'"P°"'''"'ce hel^Z 'Z f '"^"Stock). ,•^•425 B.c.)inH«j^4""4'"blished f ' (195/) 1(1946), 3^ and Mabelcoinage fit will (igaO r. ll^gment of 1.' y G. K. Jenkins°in Ms a'c"°' coinage (fro'""his Cowage of g1% ban 7 a problems of the Mendean
^9^ ^9^9), 64 £ ' ^^19 B.C.) see the good discussio"
A-i . L
• «..L^
., ir.T
-.Jo.,. L 4/
Faas and Artijacts: the Researcher and his Tools
argument the poetry and power of history may grow. It wll bebetter for being rooted deeply and soundly. Yeats mone of ffis laterpoems laments that aU the great Irish legend and symbohsm that onfed his verse had deserted him. What was he left wit
I sought a theme and sought for it invain,I sought it vainly for six months orso.Maybe at last, being but abroken manI must be satisfied with my heart, although.Winter and summer till old age beganMy circus animals were ail on show.Those stilted boys, that burnished charmtLion and woman and the Lord knows what.
Those masterful images because pG,ew in pu« f »4 b». o« °f ^fhe'sme.,A mound of refuse or the sweepu gOld kettles, old bottles and ab^okeu c^uOld iron, old bones, old rags, th.Who keeps the till. Now that ^one,I must lie down where ail the heart.' "In the vile rag and bone shop o
PeAaps I may be allowed to use Yea.s'scause - agaiLt any who feel that Ihave spent long enough grubbmgB-tound in the refuse tips ofhuman history.
c // W Vnems Macmillan, 1950, 39' F). QuotedFrom The Circus Animals' Desertion {Collected loems _ blished in America, by theby permission ofMrM. B. Yeats, MacroiUan « ^ ^g^.^jha Georgie Yeats,Mwmiiian Company, ©1940 by Georgie Yeats, renewea pMichael Butler Yeats and Anne Yeats.
2d
297
aeuaei':
i
Professor H.B. I'attingly,;?^!.hool of History,Leeds University,
Leeds LS2 9JT,lorlcsliire,
'Lngland.
V' (c> ®
s!
lAi
PLATE
D lo^vj cf 200-202
2 0l 202 203
p n/ V X ; C H I /\ yj A ti !-A' f Ma 3 KA^J OLF: -,m
SAH FROM ST^ •OF ATTALOS 'BUILDirG FILL i "" T'E A's I Ai %S-2&1
8.71,56 ,V -' r-. -r'iO Z.
•.* •>•• •• • .''.v-'V./ /." • • ••" ^ , y ;•';'l, •'•" y '
- name : •• devioe • SS' • ••'•• •• ••
liOYAYAAHS triskeles 1722 (Section I)IlPH3inOAI2 device 11640
V (:'i' '•. Pr! f'i*'' /nv :y^!V • . \ 'y..••' •-•. fU • •':•%• ( V',- '''/ (•
" nY©ISH III palmetto 11370 ••' ' ••IV dovico • 11639 ;•
y-iM^yf^sic-ss •.
The foregoing are all probably datable in the late 4th oo/jntury or thereabout.
® V.ss 4Wl, ttMU. handles (datahl. hsfora oa. 340 B.o.iThasian in this fill are not dated by it, nor do they define its date.
- ••v .. •- -v , v. :
, , 4 . ,
lib •'*••'
readlzic SS •
BBII( 10899
ti *^4- '•i:-;
• k'. i :'••. ••
KPO( retr,Mii;N(
11070
13988
> •"'"•yyY
V:'
AS
from jar
r-v/ .t'yn f
i.'''». "
* lag^os IvuUiU instead ofA similar stamp, but with/\8traiglit-lined epeilon.on a whole jar in Cyprus '(Cy 316 in Pajixos Museum),and on • handles in the Pergamon deposit (no,1303)/
I*.
«.. . •♦
t^'
SC3--w • •r
Stamps with the raadtag EPll( on Jhian handlos ssam to be datahlo about 300 R [• .
Ser Jn^!: to the HSBF, and thein a"ta?h si liflli S) " "" '"ff"*"i'-'
is- »• ' r. .I'* *' ^( , w',V-"'i«
b ' ' ,'. *•:
r\:. ' ,"1
P 0 » T I C
Single h^dle, SS 10866, attempted restdrationi of stamp*
2) AzmSi^inon)§0toiili^ f o-i|o b,c.» lwU**1.22 B#C«
..quJSi:: 111? ti;:.i:p;dMi?iiiVo°m irhff 'i'sJii"'?'Pontlo), the Sto. of aSLI; 1®®.?;"- <••• "•-««» « MSBFp^tio). the stoa Of Attalo. JJlll'l/ow i?5?
. . . . "^: •• ' • '.ky . • • -•
A C 0 A NJille handle, SS 10768, with reading mqaC »*^8 aeetian of rim preserved. One parallel^AJ'' v
^
A
y -1
o>
C H I A ^^3
i.^ •
20.VIII.55
liSBF - notas on analysis of C H I A N
with notes on other context
Fabri^^; handles of fine red clay usually with a light slip laid on arough surface. Take to be earliest those marked EPM or BPT5S2, parallels for which
have been found in early thrird (Ch 5, from Kophina well steaturn 2) and possibly
late fourth (SS 8546, the dep. is called 4th BC by HSR in n.b.) centuries B.C. (Norecord
other axeapl* of a stamped Chian handle earlier than 3rd B.C.). The handles are thick
but not round in section, and the red of the clay has a good deal of yellow in it.
Handles of HiHZIOY close to those of SPM, though smaller, and clay and slip a little
less yellow} one of his handles is SS 9989 from the Komos cistern. IKS2I0Y probably
there is variation, SS 1470 resembling HrHZIOY handles, while the other
two have a dark surface under a sort of bloom slip and are nearer round in section}
of 60-odd examples on file, some are perhaps considerably later than others, but 3
in any case were found in the Kophina well, top stratum, for which J.Anderson's last
date seems to have been ca. 275-250 B.C. ilAlZTEYZ perhaps follows hero, thenthe latter
APIZTVrSNOY: the two handles of h±x are rather laege, the section nearly round, thethick and
slip,not yellow, its surface rather rough and grainy. AI0NY2[ probably fits in about'also nOTEZI? and n023IAffiNI02 ? l r jr
hsr.,^SS 12754 .1th straip of Jin(E)MBY(s) looks too l.t. for the MSBF; nearly thewhole handle is preserred. the HH was about .225, like that of P5402 from Group E, andit arches a bit, like that; it la nearly round in section, small, with ash grey coreand powiery light slip. The Jar handle of aoY( has a decided lateral twist.SS 12697 with monogram or abbreviation is distinctly less thick than the others, butclay and slip are charaoteristio, I think not of the earliest period of stamped Jars.
So a number of the chian from MSBP are third century or even earlier, while thosewe may guess to be close to the date of actual cstr. of MS are not precisely dated,and one handle, SS 12754, seems too late for the deposit, perhaps as late as Group E.Note this latter omses from the big lot in which several other contaminations have beendetected, includung a duovlri Knidian.
20,7111.55
fflDDLE STOA BUILDING FILL : C H I A N
jar handlas; SS 687, 886, 1300, 1467, 1470, 11716, 11810, 11836, 11883, 11895, 11996,11997, 12142, 12446, 12697, 12754
lagymos handles; SS 868, 914, 1038, 1149, 1683, 11725, 11726
READING
name device
An(s)AASY{2)
APIZTEY2 (circular)
APIZTQniNOY
AION( retr.
AIONYS[
AI0NY2(
bpm(
?
HTHZIOY
IKE2I0Y
12754
1149
11716
11996
11726
11997
914
11895
11883
11810
12446
886
1470
12142
in)n0Nl(K02)
IIin0Nl(K02)
MOY retr,
noSnASNiofy
§IAI2TEY2
sphinx,r. 1683
sphinx,1. 1038or lion's
head
687
11725
11836
1467
section
K
0
M2
K
M2
K
0 '
M2
M2
K
K
0
0
M2
0
0
0
M2
M2
Chian reference for name lagynos
S.G.D.I. 5657, Athena MA' (G.F.)
Ath. 2' 37, jta PI' (G.F.) lag.
^Ch, 48, 59, 60; lag.jhlONYZIOZ: Kourinniotis unpub,(AI0NY20A2P02: Ath, lA' (G.F.)
lag.
Ch.28 (this type)Various names in EEUO( (G.F.)Ch 5, 45, 46 (type of this reading)BPM2NAS: SGDI 5657; Ath,(3 ref.) G.F.Ch 29 possibly ssuno
Ch 12; Ath, LA' 14 (G.F.)
Ch 25,26,27,43,44;Schwyzer no,688 Athena saepe (G.F.)
M0Y2IKi2N; Ath, M$' 5 (G.F.)
Unpublished 1st A.D. (G.F.)
$IAI2TH2 Ath, p»217" G.F, (not found)
lag.
lag.
lag.
Add SS 12697 (K) roundish stamp with uncertain letters; SS 1300 (0) lieature nnT^vr opossibly not Chian; SS 868 (0) lagynos handle with circular stamp, not read!
G.F, is George Forrest of Vfadham Colleerefound in Chios. ®* Oxford. Ch numbers are of stamped handles
1 T
E. CHIAN, AND LAGYNOS HANDLES -—,J •> . ' -I P
For notes on Hellenistic Chian wine amphoras and lagynoi, see LXXVI,1952, p. 519 and pi. XXV, nos. 37 and 38, with text p. 539; on fifth century Chianand on the series as a whole, see Hesperia, XXII, 1953, pp. 104-10S, under no. 152,with references to earlier publications. Much material has been gathered toward aspecial study of the series. In the meanwhile, it may be remarked that the names'Hyijo-tas, 'I/cecrtos and $1X10-7075 all appear inChian inscriptions, according to referenceskindly sent to me by Mr. George Forrest of Wadham College, Oxford; and the firstand third at least are known also on Chian coins. Note also in the commentary belowthat parallels for 197 and 198 were found in 1952 in the British excavations in Chios.Citation of these latter is by courtesy of Mr. John Cook, Director of British Schoolin Athens, and Mr. John Anderson of the University of Otago, New Zealand. Areport by Mr. Anderson on these excavations is in press, shortly to appear in BS.A. ®
The lagynos illustrated in Plate 73 (SS 10259, H. 0.29 m., diam. 0.25 m.,capacity as measured with ground coffee, 4080 cc.) was found in the " Komos Cistern," on which cf. Hesperia, XXI, 1952, p. 118, and AJ.A., LIV, 1950, pp. 376 ff.;from the same deposit is SS 9989, mentioned below as a parallel for 197. On thehandle of the lagynos is a stamp reading Mocr)(lo)v, a name which also appears on Chianinscriptions and coins, and on a lagynos handle found in the British excavations inChios.
197. (AH 98). W. 0.039m.; T. 0.029m.Pis. 73 and 80 (side).
Fine red clay, buff surface, fine particles ofmica.
Of twenty-four examples on file, SS 9989comes from a cistern deposit of the third century B.C. An example has been found in the
British excavations in Chios, 1952.
198. (AH 46). W. 0.044m.; T. 0.035 m. Pi,73.
'Ifceatov
Clay like that of 197.Published in Grace, 240-241.Of fifty-six examples on file, SS 7912 and SS
8048 were found in cistern deposits of the thirdcentury B.C., and three were found in the Britishexcavations in Chios, in a deposit of the middleto third quarter of the third century.
-r
&-S. <=>2_
STAMPED WINE JAR FRAGMENTS 167
199. (AH 181). W. 0.044 m.; T. 0.032 m.Pis. 73 and 80 (side).
[®]lAlOT^S
Fine light red clay, fine particles of mica,smeary gray surface.
Five other exampleson file, of which SS 1467is from the construction filling of the MiddleStoa.
200. (AH 150). Lagynos handle. W. 0.032m.; T. 0.016 m. PI. 73 (stamp at a littleless than actual size).
'AplCTToSlJjUOV
Fine red clay, fine particles of mica.
201. (AH 128). Lagynos handle. W. 0.029m.;T. 0.016 m. PI. 73.
Kpo(
Fine red clay, fine particles of mica; buff surface on top of handle.
The name seems to be Kpovio?, which appearsin various abbreviations and sometimes in full
(cf. Grace, 248) on lagynos handles and on atleast one handle (Delos, TD 3619) of the typeof 197-199. SS 11070, like 201 but retrograde,comes from the construction filling of the Stoaof Attalos, and examples of two variations havebeen found in Corinth.
On the name, see C. E. Holm, Griechisch-Agyptische NamensHtdien, Uppsala, 1936, pp.33ff. It appears in Egyptfrom the second century B.C. onward.
202. (AH 154). Lagynos handle. W. 0.026m.;T. 0.015 m. PI. 73.
A
Fine red clay, fine particles of mica, buffsurfacing.
Another example from the Agora.
203. (AH 129). Lagynos handle. W. 0.031m.; T. 0.012 m. PI. 73.
es}
Fine buff clay, few fine particles of mica. Thehandle is stamped on its lower attachment. It isdistinctly ribbed on the outside.
Three other examples on file, of which SS4288 comes from a cistern deposit of the middlehalf of the third century b.c.
Although probably the commonest stamped
lagynos was Chian, their fabric indicates thatnot all were. The clay of 203 suggests an
association rather with 204, and it may be re
marked that many handles of the class of 204
are stamped on the lower attachment.
48 BERNARD AVENUE
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I-•'. • Dear Dr. Cahat
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thsnk you vary nnoh Indeed for sending me oasts of your four'• .;,v:./*: ;•*
•••' v; •
s, f •4rth century ooins of Chios, whioh are vexy interesting in ocameotiaa
with sy study of the developemettt of the amphora shape.
••• ..,•••A.. ;,rfi':.- ." -••:* V -
A ' 'j* \- r''-
k .' - • ' • •- Wl ' * • I •, ,If these are for sale,^ nay 1 ask what the prioe woyld be? -
individually, if tbers !• a diffexwnoe.
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Virginia Gmoe.
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MUNZEN UND MEDAILLEN A.G.MONNAIES ET MJ^BAILEES S.A.
MALZGASSE 25
BASEL
Telephon (061) 3 75 44
Bankkonto: Schweizerischer Bankverein Basel
Postcheckkonto V 9249
Telegramm-Adresse: Monnaies Bale
Basle, October 29th, 1952
Miss Virginia GraceAmerican School of Classical Studies
Athens
Dear Miss Grace,
I thank you very much for your last letter.
I have found in my trays four other 4th centiiry AE coinsof Chios, of vhich I send you plaster casts. They havethe following magistrate names :
Ay ^0 p dip ( A rh •I hope these casts will be of use to you.
Kindest regards
yours sincerely
MONNAIES ET MEDA^tHE§,A, B^LE
y/.y^r./y '.,.•*i'i* ''" *•' >1 .y<-^ 4 --r ''-v:-" *'N ,*..' «> k'*jR# ' . • s *•'.•') •>• •• i»../A ^ f-'- >1 'J- u- • '
• •• •'Dr. H, A* Gate
*• ;.• jdaiagaBse 25
,«.''':V.* I •'.. Baael« SwitsorlBSld .
» Calm: \ •• "••••''"•* •' A: •' I. •'.'' ' ' • • • • !"'•,'' v' '.r '
K .• Dear Dr» Calm: '••'••• • "•'•• :' '-i'. y\:-'-r
••^:- • • •;• •' :••••-•' •-•• -"•••1 ""a delightad to hava th® fourth bantuxy bronis® of Chios, I have nothing else
'VV';\^;v > olearly of tho fourth oenturyj and no other bronze except a badly worn, badly' ' ;'«'V .',
. I, r
"oleaned" late coin produoed by a peasant in Chios, vhen I was there in late
July#ff- • ' . .
>- . yours
Professor lallaeie nas Tory suoh intorostod in it# HO thought portaps the
nagistrate oould be road HTHZ# I donH know ohetldu* this oan be restored i /. r
BTHZXOZf a name ahioh oocurs in staaps on the handles of Chian(?) emphoras#
1 an so Borty not to have aoknoeledged earlier auoh a ohanolne gift. In
the past moaths I have been under somewhat move pressure than I am adjusted to
take, trying to get out of the way some mftnOr publioatious, while tho preliminary
sorting wont on toward sy Knidian publioatlsn, 1 shall be nuoh interaatad to
aee your booic on Inidian ooins, even though of an early period, 1 have still
found no one who plans to make a Knidian proa<q^va|toy froti sowroes other than
ataape*
dlth vary nnqy thanks for your kindnass,
tours ainearsly.i-.i'
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MtlNZEN UND MEDAILLEN A.G.MONNAIES ET MBBAILEES S.A.
MALZGASSE 25
HC/B
BASEL
Telephon (061) 3 75 44
Bankkonto: Schweizerischer Bankverein Basel
Postcheckkonto V 9249
Telegramm-Adtesse: Monnaies Bale
Basle, March 12th 1952
Miss Virginia GraceAmerican School for Classical StudiesOdos Speusippou
Athens
Dear Miss Grace,
1
I have not forgotten your inqxiiry for Chian amphorae. I hadthe opportunity yesterday to examine the small collection ofcoins owned by the late Prof, Ernst Phuhl. His wife who wasa ^daughter of the great collector Rhousopoulos died recentlyand the collection will be sold. There is nothing very special,but the granddaughter of Mrs. Pfuhl was kind enough to give methe enclosed little bronze of Chios which I am glad to sendyou as a present. I think the coin is mpublished. It is oneof the varieties of Mavrogordato pag. 103,53, but the name..rr/9zis not quoted here. The coin is 4th century.
End. mentioned
With kindest regards,yours sincerely.
JL. mOnzsammlun®' @ mOnchen a
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MissVirginia Grace
American School fiir Classical Studies
AthensGreece.
Dear Miss Grace,hereby you will find the casts you selected.
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AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES
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'1 ,Literary ^^eferences to Chian SfVine and Wine-Jars
1- ^ —♦v™* ^ ^
t/jinAO AthenaeusyPeipnosophistai;
1. 1.26,b: "When Homer commends dark wine he often calls
it fiery. For it is very potent and has. the
most lasting effect on the system of the drinker,-)Cc^.. -V. e c Theopompus says that dark wine originated among
IV. e c
the Ghians,and that they were the first to learnhow to plant and tend vines from Oinopion,son ofDionysos,who was also the founder of that islandstate; and they transmitted it to other peoples,"
2. 1.28.d; "Chian and -^'hasian are mentioned by Epilykos:'Chian and Thasian strained,'" ^
IV g.c, 3, 1. 28,f: (quoting -^^iboulos); " Take some Thasian or Ghian,or old Hesbian distilling nectar."
4, 1.29,a: "In this play (Thesmophoriazusai of i^ristophanes )the master of comedy mentions ^eparethian wine:' I'll not permit the drinking of Framndjan wine,or Ghian, or ihasian,or eparethian,or any otherw^ich v/ill arouse your passion.'"
--V c. 1.29.e: ( quoting -^^ermippos ): "Because of Me'pdaean the' 1|d gods actually wet their soft beds.As for "hgnesia's
ssBnit sweet bounty,and "fhasian, over which floatsthe smell of apples, I judge it far the best ofall wines,excepting Chian, irreproachable andhealthful."
V B.c 6, 1.31.a: "Philyllios says:' I will furnish Lesbian, mellowChian,Thasian, Bibline,and ^'^endaean, and nobodywill have a headache."
7. 1.32,f: "The pleasantest is the Ghian,especially thevariety known as Ariusian. There are hhree kindsof it; one dry,another rather SWeet,the thirda mean between these two in taste,and called'self-tempered' (,S„re'), the dry hasa good taste,is nourishing,and more diuretic; thesweet is nourishing,satisfying,and laxative; the
midway between the i in usefuleffects. Speaking generally, Chian wine promotes
I
1<^0'O2.
Chlan v'ine -2.
digestion, is nourishing, produces good blood,is very mild, and is satisfying in its rich quality."C d'o \{o9 »r€Trrifco^j o(i^e<-ro« ^p^jo-roo
rrpow®" rotfos, tvAij rjji^ios Siti to rrotj^os frroAos^6^ v<yi rp Uct i) ,
8. 1.33.c: "But for wines not treated with sea-water,orthose which are too astringent,or again forChian and l,esbian, only the purest waters aresuitable."
1.34.a.: "Theoporapus of ^hios relates that the vine wasb• "s' • discovered in biympia, on the b-.nks of the Al-
' pheios..."
l.e'x 10. II.35.e: "Ion of *-'hios says:' Child untamed, with face ofbull,young and not young, sweet lure to loud-thundering passions,wine that lifts the spirit,ruler of men." (cf. X.447.d).
11. 1.3.f: "Again the ^hian poet Ion, when victor with atragedy at Athens, gave every Athenian a jar of
Chian wine. "
12". IV.167.e: "And when the '"•reopagites summoned him (Demetrios,yf Bc grandson of demetrios of fhaleron) before them and
bade hid live a better life, he replied, 'But1 am living as becomes a man of breeding as itis. ^or I have a mistress who is very fair,I drinkChian wine,and in all other respects I contriveto satisfy myself,since my private income issufficient for these purposes.' "
^ c. 13. XI.473.a: "^edylos in his Epigrams: 'tet us drink; for itis true, ay, it is true, that in my cups I shallfind a theme that's nev/, something suoulesweet. So,then, soak me in jars of Chian and say"Write thy playful verses,-^^edylos". I hate livingfor nothing and not being drunk.' "
• Isari Tolp' eiVo%/?» ' . -aiv Aeirvov rt p tA i ctos.
iLacdoia %!oO fj£ tC.etrU' ptfjE. ICoii AtfC '
14, XI.484.f: "And feasts such as the Sybarites have,and totake a swig of Chian from -'-'aconian cups amonggay companions at the banquet."
TV BC XII.548.0: (quoting Anaxiles);" Oiling his skin with yellowunguents,flaunting soft cloaks, shuffling fineslippers,munching bulbs,bolting pieces of cheese,pecking at eggs, eating periwinkles, drinkingChian,and what is more,carrying about,on littlebits of stitched leather,lovely Ephesian letters,"
i.
Chian wine- 3,
16. XII.579.e; "Once upon a time Oiphilos was invited toGnathaina's house,to dine,so they say, incelebration of the festival of -Aphrodite; he,
being the most esteemed of all her lovers, "(and he delighted in her passionate love for him) camewith two jars of ^hian, four of '-'••hasian (Jwe
r*Vre<p« ),perfumes, wi^athes, nuts, and raisins,a kid, ribbons, relishes, a cook, and afterall that a flute-girl."
17. XII.534.d. cf. the taste of Alcibiades, who requisitionedhis wine from the hesbians, but only askedthe '^hians to fetch him fodaer for his horses.
18. 1.25.e:
Irrelevant (Y) descriptions of Ohian habits:
"Thus emerged the menus of ^icily and the Sybarites, and presently also the "^hian. For wehave as much testimony about the xnthe matter of fabcy cooking, as about the othersjust mentioned. Timocles says:'The ^hians havebeen by far the best in inventing dainty dishes
(quoting Xritias):"The throne is Thessalian,a most comfortable seat for the limbs. But theglory of the couch whereon we sleep belongs toMiletos and to Chios,Oinopion's city of the sea."
(quoting ""ritias) : "The Ghian and the "^hasiandrink health out of large cups from left toright, the " thenian from small cups from leftto right..." etc.
(quoting hermip00s):"And the ^hian cylix isnow being hung high on its peg."
1 H
-y 15.C 19. 1. 28. c:
20. XI.863.f:
t) Vt c 21. XI.480.e:
T B-C
Anthology:
22. XI.34:
23. XI.44:
(Philodemos):" I wish no garlands of whiteviolets again, no lyre-playing again, no Chianwine again,no Syrian myrrh again, no revellingagain, no thirsty whore with me again, I hatethese things that lead to madness,"
(Philodemos): "Tomorrow, dearest Piso, yourfriend, beloved by the i'4uses,who keeps our
annual feast of the twentieth, invites you tocome after the ninth hour to his simple cottage.If you miss Udders and draughts of Chian wine,you will at least see sincere friends..." etc.
" v\ A 0
(Agathjius ^cholasticus ): " Old ^inopios had
,1', 'V.,Krf-rr -
Chlan Wlne-4.
25. XIII. 9:
loaded his belly with sweet-scented wine,butyet he did not lay aside the cup..."
(Callimachos): "-^Vom '^hios, rich in wine, ploughingthe Aegean comes many a jar,and many a one thatbrings us nectar,flower of the Lesbian wine.{'BfHertHi TrpAu^ /ji*' A'j-aoo'' e) i^rft ^<>^s a/rr ' ^too
rrcAuM c»i Ae<r^'n*
"The island ("^amos) does not produce good v;ine,although good wine is produced by the islandsall round,and although most of the whole ofthe adjacent mainland produces the best of wines,for example Chios and Lesbos and ^os."
XIV.1.35: "Then one comes to •^^riusia,a rugged and harbor-less country,about thirty stadia in extent,
which produces the best of the Grecian wines."
XIL.2.19: "(Cos) is everywhere well supplied with fruits,but like Chios and -^esbos is best in respectto its wine."
Strabo:
26.
27,
28.
1 A.y)
29.
30.
XIV.1.15;
gl-i-ny ,N.H.
XIV.4.25:
XIV.14.73:
"From Chios or Ihasos is imported a Greek lightwine,not inferior in quality to the Aminaeanvintages; the vine has a very tender grape,andsuch small clusters that it does not pay to growit except in a evry rich soil."
The wines held in highest esteem subsequent tothe great vintages of the Homeric age aboutwhich we have spoken above were those of Thasosand ^hios, and of the latter the wine calledAriusian."
31. XIV.16.97: "*^aius "^entius, who was praetor in our time,used to say that the first time that Chian wineentered his house was v;hen the doctor prescribedit to him for heart-burn;but Hortensius left overten thousand jars to his next of kin." (50B.C.;quoting ^arrp).
32. ibid:
1 ?.c.
"And besides, did not <^aesar, when dictator,atthe banquet in celebration of his triumph apportionto each table a flagon of •'"alernian and a jarof Chian? (46B.C.()). Caesar also gave Chian andFalernian at his triumph over Sp lin (60B.C.),but at a banquet during his third consulship(46B.C.) he provided ^alernian, Chian Lesbian,and. Mamertine.., It follows that all the rest
of the vintages came into fame afterwards, andabout 54B.C.'^
^0. 05
Chian wine-5.
minor irrelevant references:
33 XXVII.1.34: (for preserving wine) "the shape of the jarsis important: pot-bellied and broad ones arenot so good."
34. on resinated wine: _ ,XIV.25: "The method o£ seasoning wine is to sprlmcxe
the must with pitch during its first fermentation,which is complsted in nine days at most,so thatthe wine may be given the scent of pitch andsome touches of its piquant flavor...a larger^quantitiy of juice is put into strong fiery wines,and it is used more sparingly with thin,flatwines..."
35 XII.36: "...the kind most highly praised is the whiteinastich of Chios,which fetches a price of tendenarii a pound,while the black kind costs twodenarii, ^t is said that the Chian mastich exudesfrom the lentisk like a kind of gum. Like frankincense it is adulterated with resin."
X fex Varro,Agriculture
36. II.3: " As therefore in these days practically allthe heads of families have sneaked within thewalfes, abandoning the sickle and the plough,a,nd would rather busy their hands in the theatreand in the circus than in the grain-fiilds andthe vineyards,we hire a man to bring us fromAfrica and Sardinia the grain with which tofill our stomachs,and the vintage we store comesin ships from the islands of *-'os and Chios."
^ ^ • Plautus
37. Poenulus 699: "Where you can bedew your soul with wine-Leucadian, "^esbian, i'hasian, Chian,- toothlesswith time.
(Ubi tu •'-•eucadio,'"esbio, i'hasio, Chiovetustate vino edentulo aetatem inriges.)
38. Curculio 75: Phaest.:"There's an old hag usually stretchedout inside here, a weariless,waterless sot,by name Eaaena."
Pal.:"You mean a sort of Tankilena,don't you -the kind they store Chian wine in?"
(w,uasi tu lagoenam dicas,ubi vinum Chium soletesse?)
Select •'-"apyri (Hunt and Ldgar)
39. VI.170: To Zenon from an invalid, 259-257B.C.:"^'^morandum to Zenon fyora Cydippos. If in accordance with the doctors orders 1 could have
C)D. Of,Chian kvine-6. '
purchased any of the following things in themarketjl should not have troubled youj hut asit is 1 have written you a note of what 1requirejas kpollonios thought 1 ought to do.So if you have them in store,send me a jarof wine, either Lesbian or '^hian, of the verysweetest,and if possible a chous of honey,or,if not, as much as you can; and order them tofilj- me the vessel v\/ith salt fish, •''or boththese things they consider to be most needful.And if my health improves and go abroad to•'Byzantium, I will bring you back some excellentsalt fish."
( P.S.I. 413).
tS Ausonius;40T~ ~~XVIII.13.3l5"^armonius, glory alike of the Attic and the
Latin Muse,who alone dost mingle wine of Chiosand of Aminaea."
Horace:
41. Sa^. I.iffi.23: " But a style where both tongues (Latin andGreek) ma^e a happy blend has more charki, aswhen the -f'alernian brand is mixed v.'ith Chian.
42. II.3.115: "If beside a huge corn heap a man were to lieoutstretched,keeping ceaseless watch with abig cudgel,yet never dare, hungry though he be,and the owner of it all, to touch one grainthereof, but rather feed like a miser on bitterherbs; if, with a thousand jars - that's nothing,say three hundred thousand -of Chian and old•"alernian stored in his cellars,he were to drinksharp vinegar; nay,if when but a year short ofeighty he should lie on a bed of straw,thoughrich coverlets, prey ofi moths and worms,laymouldering in his chest: few,doubtless, wouldthink him mad,because the mass of men toss aboutin the same kind of fever."
43. II.8.15: "Then,like an ^ttic maid bearing Ceres' sacredemblems, there came forth dusky Hydaspes withGaecuban wine,and Aicon with ''hian,unmixed withbrine." (taken by the editor as a sign of thesupreme luxury of the feast).
44. II.8.45: " The ingredients of the sauce (for murena) arethese: oil from ^enafrum of the first pressing,roe from the juices of the Spanish mackerel,wine five years old but produced this side ofthe sea,poured in while it is on the boil - afterboiling Chian suits better than anything else -white pepper, and vinegar made from the fermentingof the Lesbian vintage."
^0.07-
r. Ghian wine - 7.
45. Odes III. 19.1: Invitation to a drinking bout: "You tellhow far removed in time from J-nachus was fodrus,who feared not death for fatherland, and youdetail the line of ^eacus and the wars wagedbeneath the walls of sacred Hium; but you saynot what price we shall pay for a jar of Ohianwine, who with his fire shall heat the water,under whose roof and at what hour 1 am to escapethe Paelignian cold."
46. ^.IV.33: " Bring hither,lad,more generous bowls, andGhian w^ine or •^esbian,or pour out for us Cae-cuban,to' check our rising qualms.^It is sweetto banish anxious fear for (^aesar s fortuneswith Bacchus' mellow gift."
Sidonius:
47. '^arm. XVII.12: " The rustic table of your Ballic friendwill not receive loaves that were wont to make
the fields yellow by the Libyan Syrtes: as forwines,i have none of Q'aza,no Ghian or ralernian.none sent by the vines of Sarepta for you to drink"
Dio Ghrysostom;
48. VI.12.3:" " Diogenes, however, always waited until he washungry or thirsty before he partook of nourishment,and he thought that hunger v\ras the most satisfyingand p'lngent of appetizers. A nd so he used to partake of a barley cake with greater pleasurethan others did in the costliest of foods, andenjoyed a drink from a stream of running watermore than others did their •'•hasian wine, •'•'•e scornedthose who would pass by a spring when thirstybut move heaven and earth to find where theycould buy Chian or lesbian wine,and he used tosay that such persons were far sillier thancattle,since these creatures never pass by aspring or a clear brook when thirsty..."
-131 Achilles ^atius:
49. II.2: " In early days men had no wine; neither thedark fragrant kind,nor that from the Biblianvine,nor ^--aron's •'•hracian sort, not the whiteGhian kind, not the island wine of Icarusj butall these,they said,were derived from Tyrianvines, the original mother of all wines beinga plant of their country."
• Aristophanes;
50, Telmesses (Kock 1.526): "There came in a jar of Chianwine and sweet perfume..."
j£';
1
Chian wine -8.
51. Eccl.1135; Blepyros:" I'm o£f to join the dinner."Maid;" And much the last of all,by Aphrodite -
Well,well,my mistress bade me take you,sir.You and these little girls,and bring you
j thither.^es,and there s store of Chian wine
remaining.And other dainties too, so don't delay."
-fi . a Pollux:
52. Onom. Vi.l5:" And wine is a drlnk_^and a draught and ^po^tion^^ (translation? ® otvoi xtoy^ crorot/ )
pleasant,seductive,sweet,stern,honeyed, flowery,Thasian,Ghian and of this the best is Ariusian,Mendaean,"iendasian,lsmaric,-^esbian, Peparethian,Pellaian, Pramnaian,''^aronitean. . . "
53. ib. 10.72: "... t<^\ crr-V"®* <rrMtxv(o^r. ko(i o«ro»tfMovrrti \C/^P\BiarGo(t jjove>u ro 6eia-\ov, Ap>ia"ro4>o"'l'dk I t o<r I Aej-e'-
aVvoo rc %iou .rroJpy^vCs no - £oJ
*>', >4 " V ' < f ,fov pio\fo^ «fr< roo ^lou rov irro<pi/ov,i4 «>4
Ok AA«< toll € IT' Too Owcrioo rou :
" r«i ©e><V»' erf pi>op«»cJiof . "
IP ' •!) Pliny (cont'd.):
54. ' Xiv.41: "(the ^^aetic grape of the Maritime Alps) hasthe thinnest skin of any grape,and a single verysmall stone (which they call "chian" (chium) ),and one or two grapes in each bunch are exceptionallylarge."
55. XXX1V.104: "Nymphodorus burned this same stone (cadmeum orfurnace slag),which is exremely heavy and compact,with live coal,and when it was consumed hequenched it with Chian wine,and pounded it andstrained it at once through a linen cloth andground it in a mortar,and next he crushed it inrain water and ground the residue a second time,until it became like white lead,not harmful atall to the teeth." (trans, mine and uncertainK
56. XaXVI.59: (on Arabian onyx):" First drinking goblets weremade of it,and then the fett of couches andfootstools,and Cornelius ^epos says there wasamazement when p. uentulus ^pinther displayedamphoras made of it,as big as *~'hian wine-jars,and five years later he himself saw columns ofit thirty -two feet long." (ditto).
57. Varro(cont 'd.):
I.
'=\0-oq
Ghlan Wine-9,
De Lingua ""atina XIV.67: "But if those things which have by•" nature the idea of quantity rather than that of
number exist in several kinds#and these kindshave come into use# then from the plurality ofkinds they are spoken of in the plural#as forexample vina# wines# and unguenta>perfumes.For there is wine of one kind#which comes fromChios#another wine which is from "esbos#and soon from other localities."
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"There is said to "be a mo-uutain "betwoen Mentorice and Istrianecalled Delphi-uia, having a hi^ peak, ^rhen the Mentores who live near•the Adriatic climh this peak thay can apparently see ships sailing •in the Pontus. There is a spot in the gap in the middle in which,when a common market is held, Leshiai^, Chiai^, and Thasialj ^h^ds are"bought from the merchants who come •up from Pontus, and Coreyreanamphorae from those who come from the Adriatic."
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("All authorities are agreed that it id not the workmof Aristotle,"but it is includud in this volume as it forms part of the "Corpus"which has come down to us: most Aristotelian scholars "believe thaiwhich has come down to us: most Aristotelian scholar® "belie've thatit emanated from tiie Peripatetic School." From introduction, p.237of Loe"b edition. The translation is "by W.S.Hett of Oxford, publication Harvard press, 1936.)
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HXtddtupo^ Br. M. 838'HpayopTj^ Br. M. 881^HptSavu<; Br. M. 881 f.'Hpoxpa Mt. S. VI 892 (de la Goy)'HpSarparoi Br. M. 8856e6da)poz Wadd. 2002Oedzopnoi; Br. M. 384^forrtc Rusopulos n. 3824 Tf. XLIIIfXlonijc Hr. M. 335
Hermes VII 50
&eu7:oniro; U8o") Gr. M. 656«*Orr[fJ; Z. f. N. XIV 153f^rpttov Wadd. 2008'leptovtjpo; 'A-oXXtu\'(ou Br. M 889Ixiaio; Br. M. 885
'Innia^ Br. M. 881; Hunterhrc Z. f. N XIV 155 [II 897
'la;jripa[j(oi] Z. f. N. XIV 154KaXXtxXfji; Br. M. 881A'«'l*ac (-u*a<r[t<ov] ?) Br. M. 886Kyjfiniii Br. M. 885hjp^ianxpiz Br. M. 381K>ei9^z^) Mt. Ill 269 (C)^Xeirmv Thomaen n. 1470 [287hi^mvoi (Eupujvoz?) Proke.sch 1854,hdpwioz Rev. Suisse XIII 240Epdrm\, Mfliler, Alexandre n. 1119
-KuXXavo Mt. S. VI 394Adpnpoz Mt. Ill 271Adawv? Muller, Alexandre n. 1126Aeiopidwv Philipsen n 225.'AetavlSr^z Wadd 2013
') Nach Wien 1800! ebei- Kh.Sn i"'
Aimj^oz N. Z. XLI 180Auxop Z. f. N. XIV 154MEvexpaTTjz Hunter I 310 (Alexander
M.); Wien 83586
MensfffiEuz Hunter II 400
lilr/\'OYi\'rj\ Wien 84618[VJjjvo^fi/ef Br. M. 888Vjyrac Wadd. 2014M7jTpn8u)po(; Br. M. 888lihXridSr^c Br. M. 888iVtvu Rs. fiaatXew; 'AvTii'iyou d<(>^"[^]
Gr. M. 657; vgl. auch (Prjat£'av[»V]f,T.T Subhi Pacha n. 2915Se^o Mt. Ill 272
Sivmv Muller, Alexandre n. 1120
Soohoz Muller, Alexandre n. 1121Otvonior^i Muller, Alexandre n. 1118fJaoaaviaz Wadd. 2016
Ilsm Z. f. N. XIV 154
l/oXep Wien 17971nnXlavfioz Mt. Ill 272
nnXvpr^ Mt. S. VI 396flotJEtStTZTzoz Br. M. 331
llpod ? Journ. int. XIII 85HpoH.... Mt. S. VI 896 (Hckhel)fIroXspaio; Hunter II 400'I'afiipttx; Br. M. 884laXK Wadd. 2017
ExupMoz Br. M. 381IrdtpuXoz Gr. M. 656^zefavrjifiipo; Br. M. 840I'zpazoi't Br. M. 838l'(i>a[{\v:xo; Mt. Ill 272I'wrjz/'az Br. M. 331 und 837Trpspa;^ Mt. Ill 278Ttitavdp Hunter II 899T,poxXfjz Mt. Ill 278TipoX ? Br. M. 382T'.ptuv Miillei-, Alexandre n. 1114Tp'jtpwv Br. M. 388<Pava ilt III 278
(ihz.oxXf^z Z. f. N. XrV 153 ' , •0Mazoz M. Gr. 298
(I'yjfievitz Leake ins 8Kketdriiixos)
I /{.c?3
46 Chios MUnsterberg, Beamtennamen 110
<PTjat Rs. ^aaiXio)^ 'Avrid^ou dwpn)>Gr. M. 667 >)
0iktnnoi Miiller, Alexandre n. 1122^arrjc Mt. Ill 2730ixraxoz Kl. M. 102
0oivt^ Wadd. 2006
XdpT^z Miiller, Alexandre n. 1116
Augustus Jioyiv^i, JEtjAjjpoi Gr. M. 666 und umgekehrt [(autonom)— — Vs. 0oup .... aaitpaoXoz 0iXdnazpu Gr. M. 666
ini 'Avvtu^ou 'AtioXXwmwo'j I\It. 8. VI 399 (8)Tt (M?) KXau I'opyiax AmpoiXeou Wadd. 2020; Br. M. 339en't dp/ ElpTjvaiou /?' Wien 17980 - Mt. 8. VI 399irti dp/ Ko Uua Ppeipou Br. M. 341 f.errl dp Ilpeipou Sk Br. M. 341 f.kni dp/ Ho Oiia flpeipou Wien 34781iTTt Aup Xpoaoyovou tou 'Ena<ppo3iTou Br. M. 343; Mt. 8. VI 398
mit kni dp/ und 'Ezafpodetxou.
') SwQov auf (iem Wiener Exemplar 18012 ist sicher.
Sphinx
Suiiios Gardner, Samos and SamianVerzeichnis 287
Ar;-u;rroc Wadd. 2043'AXe^ijX Wadd. 2044['A\Xxpi(ov 'Hyepoi/dwx Gr. M. 661'Alrjjc Gr. M. 661'Alu-T:yro[c] Wadd. 2066^Aptfi Wadd. 2036 [491'ApiazTjiSyji; Br. M 363; Rn 1909,^AptaTn\j:ia] M. Gr. 300 f.^AptaroTiXrjX Welzl n. 6824'A/jr/ffooc Wadd. 2046'AaxXT]nidS7j[:\ N. Chr. 1882, 264£xi lidxcoi; N. Chr. 1882, 246 1.ltdrrox Br. M. 366
HcXXax Wadd. 2066
[/']£vi/a<of Wadd. 206YAr^pdyijTox Br. M. 363Jrjpi^Tptni 'Avna Br. M. 362Exaratox Mt. TIT 282
^Entjivr^z Br. M. 366^Enixpdxrjz 'A/eXmio{v] Br. M. .362Eppudixoz Br. M. 366
E3()ooXoz Wadd. 2066[Z\tdnupo[;\ Wien 36026'Hyr^atd\ia^ Br. M. 362
Xipwv Wien 34612AANAAI'I Kl. M. 103
AHMKUX Mt. Ill 269 (C)AYKIAHUI Mt. S. VI 389 (8)MEAM Mt. S. VI 396 (Sand.)HAAAN ... Mt. Ill 272
coins, N. Chr. 1882, 201; alphabetisches
7/-mc Wadd. 2037
'Hpudozoc Mt. 8. VI 408 lAlberSeoAwpoz Mt. Ill 'X'*2 /C)fXeoxX^z N. Chr6£dpvjjazoz M. 'ir 301'lipuj^ Br M. 366[A'a]pv£ror N Chr 18W ilftft[K]Xstzoif(uv NAa-ii #*4Asovzcfx". Br M ,166
.If.Trt Leake lu.s. 38
Aeaiz N. Chr. 1882 /:>6
Ao/izr^z WaddMay Journ ini Xlil lOlHfeXdvzr^z Bi M. 366Vsve ? Br. M. 366
!\fjjzpd3u)[/>oz] Wafld. 2067Mrjzpoiftov Huiiter II 406Mixiwv Br. M 366
M^/r^atnrjpo; Z. f. N XII, 321M(Hptd3rj\z\ N. Chr 1899, 101MoXniut)/ Herme.s VII 60
XaAaxoz Mt. .S. VI 40S
Hdypcuv ^sic" M. Gr. 301fldptz Br. M. 366
pU-^. v>.M. .it •• fS ❖ . HI76 IJudolf MUnsterborg /:i/2.z.(j[35]g|| H. 106, zu Z. 2J vgl. Aknisoszu Z. 5J vgl. Trapezopolis Cariaezii Z. 11] Sophistzu Z. 14 (Tip A] aipa?Zu S. 106, Z. 1 Severus] zwoifelbaftZ. 4 ebd.J zu tilgen = Dorana und Caracalla Z. IBZ. 8 Doinna] zweifclliaftZ. 9 ebd.] zweifclliaftZ. 13 ebd.) zweifeihaft
Zu S. 107, Teos I. nach Z. 15] 'Apicnd-btlMos'f Lenncp
nach Z. 19] 'AaKXriTTidbou Lcnncp NachlaC(fragliche Zuteilung)
nach Z. 20] Lennep NachlaBnach Z. 20] AppnTpio? I.ennep Nachlalinach Z. 22] AioKXfig Wicn 35420zu /. 23 Aiovuffai;] Lennep Nachlalizu Z. 27 1938] lies 1983
zu Z. 19] autonom MeveKXeoui; Kollin5386
zu Z. 38] N. Circ. 1915, 552zu Z. 40 Hostilian] spuriusZ. 14 ebd.] zweifeihaftZ. 19 Caracalla] zweifeihaftZ. 89 Pliilipp] zweifeihaftZ. 41 Valerian] zweifeihaft.]]
r. nach Z. 4] ©eubutpoq Collitz-Bechtel IHn. 5642, 1
nach Z. 9] Aucrav Ant. griech. Mzn. 43nach Z. 10] METaKXtji; Wienzu Z. 34] Dittenherger Or. U 480, 11zu Z. 35] vgl. IGK IV 1571nach Z. 36] Pius arpai 'ApTcpid Ant. griech.
Mzn. 43
zu Z. 42] IGK IV 1571?Z" N 108, zu Z. 12] autonom US XXTIJ 288 mit or navKparouczu Z. 18] vgl. Gr. M. 6.54 CT •n •rGT(?)AAAKGluos Mavrogordato NChr 1915, 404; 1916,
281; Alph. Verz. 1916, 354 fg.; 1917,257 und 1918, 73
I. nach Z. 1] 'Ato . . . NChr 1915, 416nach Z. 1] "ATreXrii: Journ. int. XV 35zu Z. 2] aiich Lederer Bcri. Mzh. 1916nach Z. 3] 'A.5nva[T6paq] NChr 1915, 41'>-
1917,225zu Z. 6 Aibnpujv] NChr 1917, 222zu Z. 8] •AXKipaxos (Alexander MagnusI
NChr 1916, 306nach Z. 8] AMANo]Z] NChr 1917, 223ApqaXo . . . NChr 191.5, 412zu Z. 11] NChr 1915, 417nach Z. 12] 'AvTiKXjf].;?] NChr 1916, 323nach Z. 17) 'A7ToXXujv]ibn??] NChr 1916
321; 1917, 218nach Z. 18] 'ApTnoi; NChr 1917, 219nach Z. 19] 'Apiarn? Anier. Journal of num
1914, 3»; NChr 1915, 40(;*11 10». I. zu Z. 6] NChr 1919, 219nach Z. 9] HTnp]u)v] NChr 1917, 221 und ' 23z." Z. 10] NChr 1915, 412 Ht^.tttto,]nach Z. 10] H-fntriTr]™?] NChr 1915. 415nach Z. 14] 'Hpaioi; NChr 1916, 324'HpdtKXdToq ^Alexander .Magnus)'nci,, I'Mt;
.3(17 ' •
•Api<jT0KXt]5 NChr 1917, 221r. zu Z. 2 'Apxeputv] Alph. Yz. 1917, 207zu Z. 3 'Acrpevo?] ebd. 1918, 1zu Z. 6 'A(Tx) NChr 1916, 325zu Z. 9 repujs] NChr 1915, 408.422nach Z. 9] TXa ... NChr 1918, 77 (rXaOxos?)nach Z. 12] ru.5[i]mv NChr 1917, 218Adaujv NChr 1916, 329nach Z. 15] AtiMOKXnq NChr 1916, 321nach Z. 18] Aiopfibnq NChr 1916, 321Aiovu . . . NChr 1917, 217fA]ioaKou[pibn?] NClir 1915, 416; 1916, 287nach Z. 19] 'Eovopo? Ward 682; NChr 1916,
289
nach Z. 22] 'EppooTpaTjo?] NChr 1916, 287nach Z. 23] 'EppiuvaE Journ. int. XV 34*
NChr 1915, 416 'Anm. 1] bei Mavrogordato nicht!
nach Z. 1.5] Hpob NChr 1916, 286 und 293zu Z. 16] HpoKpuT ebd. 324 und 1917, 225-
Rollin 5445 'nach Z. 17] eeoborog Journ. int. XV 36zu Z. 20 0€OTT1?| KoTdXOTO? TUIV TOO
vopuju. pooonon 'A.jrivujv KXane'vTUJVvopiopdnuv n. 2
WZ-^o-L.
[36] Die IVeamteniiameii auf den grieciiischen Milnzen 77
En Z. 29] 'IffTictioj?! NChr lOlfi, 2!^7nach Z. 32] Koukooi Journ. inl. XV 08 Kau-
Kaaiiuv NCIir 312 and 339
;eu Z. 33] Kriqnaibn^, NClir 1910. 370'm Z. 34] Kr|(pi(T6KpiTi)^ NChr 1913, 411|En Z. 35 KXeibns] M»»rttgordato Nl'iir 1916,
322 und 350/1; uulierdern diach cinemExemplar in Aliien) briefiieh ver-sichert, daH zu Anfang vor K niehtsgestanden habe and daQ Z am Sehlussennzweifelhafl sei
nach Z..39J Kpirmv NChr 1910, 288zu Z.40] KuXXavo? NChr 1910, 310 und 322zn Z. 42 Adcfiuv?] AdfTuiv Mavrogordato
NChr 1910, 329r. nach Z. 2] Auaixp . . NChr 1910, 315MevtKXn? NClir 1916, 319nach Z. 5] M^vitttto? NChr 1917, 219nach Z. 0] Mrivdbujpo? N< hr 1917, 219zu il 7] MnvoqnXo? NChr 1916, 322nach Z. 9] MixKaXo? NChr 1910, 322zn Z. 11] V. Commagene, vgl. Inaer. Ur. ad
I r.R. pert. IV 940; NChr 1917, 227 und*207 f.
nach Z. 12] Moffxiiuv NChr 1917, 217
Zn 8. 110» I. zu Z. 1] 8. Mivunach Z. 3] +iXiaTTi? NChr 1910, 288nach Z. 4] ♦iXmv NChr 1910, 287zu Z. 5] lies *iTTatc(o?)r. zu Z. 2] NChr 1915, 428; MANAAoI
Berlin?
zn Z. 3] verlesen ans KXeCbn?? NChr 1916,351, 95
zn Z. 4] vgl. NChr 1915, 411 und 430zn Z. 5] verlesen ans Mevca^eu?? NChr 1916,
339"
zu Z. 6] verlesen aus 'ATtoXXiuvibt]? NChr 1916
NiKopp^briq] NChr 1919, 218zu Z. 17] vgl. NChr 1916, 329nach Z. 17] "Ox . . . NChr 1915, 410nach Z. 17] TTaiaiKiiuv RS XXI 32 n. 25zu Z. 19 TTeai] lies rTcim NChr 1915, 414nach Z. 22] Hocreib . . . NChr 1910, 290zu Z. 25] NChr 1910, 332"nach Z. 26] nO^io? NCiir 1917, 219Hu^imv NChr 1918, 78 und 1919, 217zu Z. 30] vgl. Dittenberger Syll.* n. 368nach Z. 32] Ziuaipios NChr 1917, 219zu Z. 34] [Z]dKTTpaT05 NChr 1917, 220zu Z. 30] Tipavbpo? NChr 1916, 311nach Z. 36] Tipobdpa? (Alex. M.) NCiir 1910,
307 *zu Z. 38] vgl. NChr 1915, 429nach Z. 40] [4>]aivo)Li NChr 1916, 315 und
1917, 226zu Z.41] <^avd NChr1916,293 = ♦avdbiKos?
nach Z. 41] <l>avorrd[pa5] NChr 1910, 324♦dvp? NChr 1917, 222♦avdbiKo? NChr 1910, 286 fg.zu Z. 44] NChr 1915, 409zu Z. 45] Anmorkung als jetzt tlberflUssig
gestrichen
nach Z. 6] .... ONTIOZ NChr 1917, 223.. riKAO . . NChr 1916, 288
poxXfl? NClu* 1916, 289[E]K . OA .. . NChr 1916, 324; etwa 'Exaxd-
bmpo^?zu Z. 9 Augustus] lies 4>oup[io5] r^(T(T(iO(;)
♦duXo?? (piXdnarpi (+.?) vgl. NChr1917, 224
zu Z. 11] NChr 1917, 228zu Z. 12] ohne B NChr 1918, 58 f.zu Anna. 1] ebenso Waddington 2008
SamoB 1. nach Z. 11] 'ApT^piuv Rollin 5477EU Z. 14] lies 'Enipdrio?? vgl. Imhoof-Blumer rortratk. 3EU Z. 17] oder 'Evvaio^nach Z. 19] AioxXf); lleideken 2120Vm nach Z. 3] HPHCINOC MtS VI 412, 173; etwa 4r)(jivo5?gn a. Ill, 1. zn Z. 1] Behr n. 601nach Z. 13] ♦epcxXf)? Ant. griech. Mzn. 44r. zu Z. 13] ftir AtoxXd^?
v.*''
AlakMda-Antioehia 1. nach Z. 2] ANTI... AQM Behr 616 (Stadtname "Avxiox)nach Z. 5] Air,? NZ XLV 1912, 193
l/^q
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"There is said to "be a mountain betwoen Mentorice and Zstrianecalled Delphivunf having a hi^ peak. When the Mentores who live nearthe Adriatic climh this peak thay can apparently see ships sailingin the Pontus. There is a spot in the gap in the middle in which,when a common market la held, Lesbian, Chiap, and Thasian goods arebought from the merchants who come up from Pontus, and Corcyreanamphorae from those who come from the Adriatic."
(Loeb edition of Minor Works, p.285)
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("All authorities are agreed that it id not the workmof Aristotle,but it is includad in this volume as it forms part of-the "Corpus"which has coma down to usj moat Aristotelian scholars believe thatit emanated from the Peripatetic School." Prom introduction, p.237of Loeb edition. The translation is by W.S.Hett of Oxford, publication Harvard press, 1936.)
P«rlpatl^ school: Aristotle and his immediate followers hisaccording to Mary White. i.j., to eerly third. school.
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npuTt^ 6 A^ivnoq Kopaqq cuv&m^ "BioypacpiavXkovdvopaaruv^ rfjq dpxaidrq-Toq. 1} 6r^io Bnsr^^cc p£p^ rqg XioKnq rou 'Apxa.oXoyiaq rqq 6npooMc^eiq Svrprwv Ttpov tuv At6ktuv (nap^aoi 1830). Eva, auXXoyfj 160 mpinoo dvopdTuv npoepxo-p£vuv£KcpiXoXoy,KUVKup,uqnnyuv(a.o. 179-254). 6UdKaid^^pag>,Kuvfoe 262-278)K^dnuq 6,5,oq 6auyypo^uqpaqaXqpcxpopcl mp,Xap6dvaeniq>avclqp6vovno?JTaq Trjq
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- 19 -
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- 20 -
eig /. von
dpepov TOU £,c R£ (/ (183ii:i57 -759. Iv TO HoiM 'npo£^'v!S1«toO^XtoS"'voug TOU AaepTiou, 6dnolog mi rdv d6iovod®noE ^//MiXti65ou Koi tnavopd^eTo leipfiv 5id Thv uiog TOU6og. dneiSh qro (paXoKpdg. 'VnOP^epaeqiqcrook^S^^dAA- dvojpfg, cpoiveTai, dnepaxpuveq dnd ruvyoqiEueeig icfcog dnd iqv didaoraA/ov rou dradnM^^ 5oyj^v iqg or^C-dndeovEv d Zqvow (263 n.X.), ddv rdv a°" '^^i^vog. "Oeev, ot^oxoAqg, dAA" dKAsdveqg, dndre d "A tSourvS^ • dieuduvoiv TVQyeg, dnou Koi oovEKdvrpooe nohjapiOuour oXoAqv eig rd Kuvdaap-^dnoia dneKAqeqoav 'Apicravoioi iKTou^wvpoeqrdjv too,chdqg. ddipiAog, dIdrupog dauAqrqc d ^ 'wiraAdyovTOi; dMiAtkS-AnoMotpdvng'oi6uoTeXEuralotdmtcKMvn, Kupqvoiograi6aTCoiK^C
(pdpsvo -Apimw. -Av mi eig rdKoOog Km rdv dmdnpalKdv 'ApmoS^^^ Xapatanpi^ouv t6v 'f-dTOxqg Tuy, dpcog mTTjydpqoav dni miAn&viV^ fopugxiioog <ptXoad(pou<;fjBovng Koi dpcrng neodroixov Siomwl ^ CiSdoKoAov wu oc t6v TUC•A. tpcTfrnce npdypoT, cbpioptyag ' Sovmog VII, 74, p. 28t C). O^ TOO drxxou dneddxcTo i^dvQv Zqvuvog. dK iqg 5i5aoxa-^prepov Tqg voqoeag pog ^n'dp JS, ^^6 dndpp^ rd^uoixdv wCdvepanov (ouSdv npdg 'A^cSSl^ <5ox^tov npdg rdvnpoHYTidva (nporipqTdaj ra/inonf^vS m Tqv6si,cpttWTdjvdvafti>v^
t^nvueva (dnog^u^j Oncarfipt^v6n6^
i23.o3
d>adg rqg dperqg, eivo/ddidipopadid rdv dvOpainov. 'Ek twv 14 dpycjv, rd dnoiadnodidej eig atjTdvd Aioytygg 6 Aatpnog, 6havamog iBsapsi yvqoia pdvov rdgnpdg rdv KAedvSqv dmoroAdg too, dvu ad Aoord dned/dev ag rdv nepmoTriTiKOV'ApioTcova TOV KeTov. 'OaxohaanggTav 'ApyovaunxavToO 'AnoMroviou (eigIV,264) pvT]poveuEt xai drepov dpyov too 'A. pq dvofpepdpevov dnd rod Aioydvoug,rdg ©doeig. Td 6dpa rqg yvqcsdrqiag rav dpyav rod 'A. napapevei ndvrojgdvoiKTOV, 6A. von Arnim, RE, d.d. 957. 'Aqa' trepou q dpxuio nopddooigpdgdidoaoev nepi nig 50 yvapag (placita) tou 'A., ai dnoicu(mepTepoOveig dpiBpovKoiadrdgdxdpqrdgyvapagrodZqvcuvog. 'O 'A. dnedavevdndn?Jaaiv,Tqvdnoiovnpogwavag ddvqduvqSq vd dvSd^ q qxjXaxpdrouKSfpoAq. flepiTOu 'A., 6A.dniar^gN. Saal, De aristonis Chii vita, scriptis et doctrina (1952), cbg xai Susemihl, I(1891), a.a. 64-66 xai M. Polenz, Die Stoa Tdp. A' (1948), a.a. 27/8, 122/3, k.6.
6) M(dpKog) [A]upnAiog 'Hpdg, 6' qpjou S' pj(. oLV'louXtou A(ppimvou, 'OXuprnddav dvaypacpf} ('OAupmdg 234r]): "Hpdg XTogOTddiov (Euae6iou, Xpovixdv I, a. 218, dxS. Schoene).2) VJ. Peek, 'Apx- 'EqirjP- 1931, 109-112, dp. 7. Zeitchr Halle - Wittenberg 9,1960 a.a. 191 - 204 (iSig 193, dnou npaypaTeuerm nepi tou dvdpoTog), nSA. L.Robert, BOH 57, 1933, a.a. 539 - 543 kcu SEG 19, 1963, dp. 589.
' O nepicprtpog ouTog Xiogdpopeug (xupicog araSiodpdpog) pro npdrepov yvoy-ordg dK rod 'louMou tou 'Agpixavou (1) cog "OAupmovixqg (Kcrrd Tderog, 157p X.), dAA" aimTanXr]KnKaid8}JYnj<aiT0Udniddaeigi.YivavYvcocrraidKTrvogKupicogdmypacpfigdrmoaieuBeicrrjgTdnpcoTOVundTouPeek 'HddkqTiKi)6d dpdaigTouddvnepi(opia6ri eigTdv'OJadiKOvpdvovx^povCOXupma.Ndpea, 'toBpia, '/IXetaPdSou, navaOfivaia, 'Adpidveia 'ABrjvcov xai Hepydpou, Kaiadpeta Td dv Xico,'OXupnia 'ABqvav, Ipupvrtg xai 'Ecpdcxyu), dAA" dne^erd&j Km'eig rqv 'traXiav,dnou dv/kqoe digeig rd Karmcbka rd dv Pcopg, digeig Td EuaeSeiaTd dvFlondXoigKoi dna^(;) eig rd Ze6acnd vd dvNeandXsi. Aid rdg viKog tou dd aurdg dnpr)9g dndTqg idianepag noTpiSog tou 5i' dvdpidvTog, cbg ml did npgruccbv dntypappdTcov.'Eneidfj cbg 'OAupniovikqg dvDipdperm did pdvou tou 'EXXtjvikoO tou dvdpoTog,oupnepaivopev on Sd dndicrqae dpydTepov rqv Pcopaixfiv tou mArreiav Kord nvaicxog napemdrjpiav aCrrou dv 'huMg.
7) BounoAog "Apxdppou XTog, 6' fjpiau tou U' n.X. ai1) Plinius, N.H. XXXVI, 11-13. 2) nauaaviag IV, 30, 6. IX, 35, 6. 3) 'kmavoE,.'Andcm. 1, 13, 15, 20, 70 (dxd. Diehl). 4) loUtdag, dv A. 'bmcbva^ 5) HoratiusEpod. VI,' 13, ndX Marcade, Signatures, II, 37. H Jones - "A Obcovopidrig^,Select passages Irom ancient writers (1966), a.a. 19-20, dp. 27 - 28.
Bvai Kupicog yvcocrrdg dx gxXoXoyixcbv nqyav, md' daov oudeph dogxiAqgunoypaqig tou nepdi^ev eig dpdg. 'Eyyovdg rod MuoodSou xai dSeXcpdg tou'A&ividcyg, perd rod dnoiou xai mTeaxeuaae rd nXelcrra tcov dnoAtdopdvcov eigadrodg dpycov, dAA" dvacpdpovrtu xai dpya dnoxXacmidbg tdixd rou (2). 'HtodpxndxTcov xai yAdnrqg ooyxP<5Myg. iwrvdg vd dneixovZo dvSpxbnoug xai Zga. (2)' Ynfjp^e auyxpovog tou iap6ixounoajToO 'InncbvaxTag (1,4,5J. rdv dnoiovdrreixd-vioenepicxfdTepov duapopqxyv-dnd 6,n npdypam f)To, yeyovdgrd dnoiovxaidndau-pe n^vdvavriovroupqvivrodnofqrod, 6AA.Rumf, AA51,1936, Beibl., a.a.52-64(dnou ex. mi nepi rav auvacpcbv ^rqpdrcjvj. 'Epya dnodiddpeva eig rodg ddo
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65e^jpouQ. a) npooanaov (fades, pdoraj Tfjg 'ApitfuSoq dv Xia>, toO dnoioa n6({/ig dpaivew dhmxtvr] piv cigtoveioepx6pevov, (paiSpd5t eig tov i^epx^pcvovTDUvaouf;) (8) "AyoAijaTiiQ 'Aprrtpi6^iv 'kiaa(1) yjAidcpppadAAadydAjMaraefgT8g vfiooug touAiyaiou Kai pdAiora sig Tfjv AfjAov, 6nou d\^ypai^av Koi tniypapiJCJ6va<pipov 6ti fi Xiog q>npi^mi 6xi pdvov5idTdgdpnePioug Tj]g, dAAd KoiSidto SpyanjvuiavToO 'Apxippou(1), n6XJ. Beajley, J HS 59,1939,a. 282,6nouKaTn6dA-XsTOi npoondGeia dvaouveScxag touSmYpSpparog. rSdnoioveixev Cm' Sipei tou6nxiviog 6) Tfjvnpoavag>£p6stocivnpoTopj)v (fj dvSpidvra) tou 'hmavaKTog Koie) iddyty^iOTQ, rd dnoTa eJSev 6flAfyio^ tv Puprj sig t6 dtTapa tou vaou tou 'AndAM>-vo^ &T1 tou llaAaTivou Adxpou, <bg koj ei^ dAAa o'lKoSopfiPcnxi dveyepSevTO dv Pcjprjund TOU AuyouoTou.'Aip' tTspou tbg dnoKAsioTiKag iSiKd tou dpya dvacpdpovTOi: a)TO dv Ipupvu dyaApaiiig Tuxpg, Tqv dnoiov aCndg npaTog dnsiKdvias cpdpouoavnoAov sig ttjv Kcq^Anv mi to i^pog Tfig -ApaABsiag sig Tjjv xdpa (2) 6) AuooupnAJypaTQ T<ovXapam,tKTcov6ndoyvT6 dva fjTo xpuooOv JidT^no6sTf,en eig
P) ^ ^ema^ov. ^5 tov Stopov- r -
8) rdwuv KXirrcunSou XTog, 247/6 njf
Etudes Delphiques. BCH Suppl 4.'IdTj' i^119: dvai 6npcbTog Xiog Epopvnucjv 6dn'nTrv ^ ^ ^®Tfiv napaxapnoiv dgTqvXioviif^^u '\£pauv^urov^<^m''/°' l^^tTtpav dmypamv (2) dn unfjp^ev ie^SJlrtunlispopvnpav dvtAaBs vd dvoyi eic^23 XvS? ^Xovrog. 'Qg Xiog6noicxjd5d<Ppa?ev66ripog6X;aveuxcpic3Tk:cnS!^o^u?A ' °^-^PHOiv Tfjg pfivou, (bg mi vd TonoBsTfian'AndAMovog tou Osppiou (i). AeAqsoig koi to ispa tou
9) AeioieeoQ, 332 n.X. (fj 334 Kurd tov Heisserer)•A0nvd 1908, 128, dp. 1, or.Sy/P 28.3 A ZlT.t 'the Greeks, Oklahoma 1980, 00 79 -95- ^ ^l^xanderthe Great andnpurxxvsiag toudneordAn nnpurndmoroAn toHKa^^^ (npCfravig)- dni rr,g•H fjveia TOO npindvsag Tfjg Xiou etc rnv Wnj/• ^^^°""P<5?TougX^oug-T7ig dniypaipfjg dvTdypaipav oi Xtot gx tou doviKnn 6ti t6 ksmsvovCTietAev 6 6aoiAeug. xeipdvou, t6 dnorov youg drrd-10) AnudKpiTog 6 Xiog, a' i^piau tou E' n x n-1)Aoydvng 6 Aadpnog IX, 49. 2) •Houv.rv. ^81 (dKS.Kock). 3)no\u5suKoug. 'CW'c^i dvBdmoig F.5)-ApiaTOTdAoug. Pnrop. Tdyvrj a, 9, p.14^rJ' 4) XourSoQ ivAxtd£vKocic). 7) ®rto«.iMou. n«» pooo«(S, 6) •''Pmo.pdvouc FoiatSs
eeoiemSou (ij <??ov,5ia,„o>nc«.-Hko^t^
^ Q?«3Plin vd KOToyopriBoOv- 22 -
em SK^Auapcp Tqg pouaiKng, dnsiSn to xpcopanKov slSog 777c dTo unspusTprocn5unaBsg,6X koi Kopopv, "ATatcra f. o. 793 psTd Tfjg opp 1-E^sOelZJ^lcdcpinpanaeriaav to pppoTa xi6?eiv rat oupvid^eiv (3 6)0 koto uiav &^vT^^nOTV m6,0 TO „op,0pyo.5 pPXeo, XPnoei. 'Ap' pSopS,pS6AK^vOpf 'TOV noiT}TT]v MsAavinniSpv tov MpAiov rog noinoavra dvri tmv Aw. . . -avaPoAdg, psTadaAovTO 6s oOrco Tpv 6opi)v tou dtdupapSou. (5) TdAog 6(DMdiS-S°; XapoKTnpi^si cog dv5pa 6x. p6vov%uaiSoyZa^^^^(d(^o?jj6svTa 6nA. ps cpuaiKO cpaivopsva), dAAdKa/noAunpdyMova fnoAudoxoAovmAopoBplcog KOI unocjjppiZovTa on ppouojcp tjro pia vscoTspa dmprZndn-pioupYpesioa oxi and TdvavKalov. dAAd dtc rod nepteOvrog nspi^oOA 6dnotog sivai dvapcpiSoAcog 6 diaanuoTsooc- Xinr- ^ j. 'KOI C. von Janus. RE IV amS^Ji ZoZTiv ^ OPXaiomra^, ex.11) AlovuodScopog, E' n.X. ai.1) HAdTcovog, EuBuSppog, pp. 271 C. 288 B. k.q. 2) Eevocpcovroc •Anouvnu ill1,1 3) •Aftivo.o? XI, 114, p, 506B: oo®,cmic 6p,6r,K6c, a6oX,p?o ToS^ioEu0u6npou. CK TOU ovopoTog TOU onoiou oneKAiien Koi 6 opcbvuMog nAoTcov.KdcSiaAoYog (1). Eig veopdv locog liAiKiav oi duo odeAcpoi peTevooreuoav eK ific XiouMeTeo>;ov to 444/3 Tfjg idpuoecog tqv ©oupioiv eig Tfjv Notiov 'IraAiav (13) Ko'idpyoTepov peTOKioav eig Tdg "AGnvag, onoL: Koi ediSa^av (2).
IHf/ESZEZ
1)"OnLx; r.x nProsopographia Attica tou J. Klrchner (BepcV.cv 1901 kqI 1903) 616161; 'AGnvag KoiiiProsoppg-apha Imperii Romani, eK6. B', 1933 - n onpc £<65eTai un6 Tf|g npuooiKfjg "AKa6ri|jiag'EnioTT-j; .- 6.6 TTiv PupoiKTiv AuTCKparopiav. ncAu oli):.c ccpg KaTopTi^ovrai npoounovpacpiai'"6i"up:op£.a ppvcv a^iPpaTQ (wg nx. toO oipaTTiYOij n tou e-_-.-:,jou opxovTog. k.6.) f) tnayytApaTa (wgTUV C-p6v. tCv AiOVUOIQKUV TCXVITUV n TUV pOYEipCV <.6.1,
2)" Bic -E. ETtv1915-1919. Zuvotttik6v nivoKO tuv un6 -cO I. MaupoYop66Tou 6vaYvti>o86vTov ErriTUV vo_Ci.PTuv X'QKuv ovop6Tuv, PA. Eig NCh 1918 cc 73-75.
3) Og "x Tcu "ApYOug, Tfig Inapirig KOi tuv P- M. Mito6v •ApyoAiKii npoownoypaipiG(1952): ££vcrcpiGpoDxToi t6 6v6paTQ, 6XA6 t6 unoXcr, Eeuev Eig 1700 nEpinou. P. Poralla, Prosopo-graptia ce' La-kedaemonler (1913): 817 bvOpcrra (pEXP- "uC M. 'AAe56v6pou), Z. Koupavou6r|v, ©n-Goicti rccouncipopia (1979): 2195 6v6paTa.
4) To E©.-i<6v Xiog npocrriSETGi Eig t6 ovopa. povc.- caccg ovatpfcpETGi Eig Tiiv nriyfiv.
5) •ErE^.-Tj-npg Ppaxui'pocp'uv 6d un6pxri eig Tf|v EK6cc-ocp6vnv xiQktiv npoownoYPacpiav.
- 23
>'
Dept.of Classics,The University,
Nottingham.
March 19th,1964
f2-V.o/
Dear Dr.Grace,
4. -u J am very sorry to have been so slow in answering your twomost helpful letters,which covered admirably the points which I h«flraised. Your earlier letter(Peb.l3th;got mislaid for a while and I
^ rne when I wrote back. Now it has come to hand and?4.J thought over all that you say. We have also hadSparkes with us,lecturing to our Classical Association,late in
Uebraury and I derived much benefit from some good discussion with him.
Thank you for the references to Mylonas' publication of the ChianIn^BCHflQ^?!? 7+°^" imagine it must be the same as one reportedinteresting to know more about the small vasrwhPth^S^P ? amphora and,pending fuller publication,! wonderI thiS general Judgement on thiir date.woSi^^rJvfL'oL^^ course,these vaL^not very new when it was turned presumably
an®hora®?"Ipac?UvS^rJ:u J
p references for the two denoslts G ir-iP?ea?se ^ no v^ry+„ else date xor the jars,as you say. Altogether I sunooae T'm jthan the Lldenoe allow^ SSfeas one Sfcould haraiy®hopS®to°Lit®th^t®ii®M ?"°?tan araphoras at the Agora onemust have supervened Thp Vio^+ year gap of imports thatthe oloaeirS gJo™ ol ??n!l proclalon In dating line wl?hones. ® t^tnal bulbous' jars and earliest new,stamped
II in M^nuiSl'Lnr^iI°^on"f'j'v.n Oral'6 publlcatlo^f Camarlnaon p.seKfig.egy-like yoir ?? a new^lan amphorarecognise It understanLbly.bSt I t'lg.45. Orel did notit? On p.866(fig.71ithere is « «+ ^ f can be little doubt about(bulbous)Ghian jar-rather like BnnT*+^^^ drawing of what must be an olderVin-nioTc rnv 1 5 ?, -Like boulter a one. Both were used for Infaptmns+ V. '-=1 hulk of the material from this Camarlna necronolismn«+^ dated after 450 B.C.(p.952 and 939 f.). I wonder whether otherustrated Chian jars lurk in older archaeological reports and whetheryou had come across these two.
I have been having a vigorous correspondencewith Wallace on the numismatic and epigraphic side. He strongly believesin a ggp from c.449 to 430 in the coin series,as you know^ I wouldstill prefer to reckon with"a much shorter gap from c.435-438(l). Theceramic evidence seems to offer little hope of a solution and we havetemporarily reached a stale-mate.
/ In your AJA article I was much taken withthe suggestion that towards the end of SaO x 87 mighthave some connection with regulaxions for standard pottery containers-as,are implied really in the imposition of Attic weights and measureslaid down by D 14. My questions about Mende etc.rose from a desireto see whether SSG- x 87 had had effect in this way.
Once again then my best thanks for yourpatient help with my queries. I will really try not to keep toublingyoul I think that you have given me all that I wanted and all thatthe material itself really allows.
I?)
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IKx
Please give my regards to Professor Vanderpool,
Vifith all good wishes,Yours sincerely,
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