hazard analysis and risk assessment (hara) - nacl industries

NACL-UNIT-II- ETHAKOTA –AP-HARA REPORT OCTIBER 2020

Prepared by: Dr.SudhirKuamr Mittal-EHS &Fire Safety Consultant

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HARA) REPORT

FOR EXISTING PRODUCTS

OCTOBER, 2020

Of

NACL INDUSTRIES LTD. UNIT-II

Door No.4-208, Ethakota, Near Ganti Check post, Ravulapalem (Mandal), East Godavari (Dist.) - 533238

Andhra Pradesh

Prepared by Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal

EHS & FIRE SAFETY CONSULTANT E mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

Mobile: 9703211130



HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

(HARA)

FOR

EXISTING PRODUCTS

OCTOBER, 2020

NACL INDUSTRIES LTD. UNIT-II

Door No.4-208, Ethakota, Near Ganti Check post,

Ravulapalem (Mandal), East Godavari (Dist.) - 533238



INDEX Section. No. CONTENTS Page No. PREAMBLE 4

1.0 INTRODUCTION 5-6 2.0 NEED FOR HARA 6-7 3.0 OBJECTIVES OF HARA STUDY 7-8 4.0 SCOPE OF HARA STUDY 8 5.0 METHODOLOGY OF HARA STUDY 8 6.0 ABOUT THE SITE ,SURROUNDING & PLANT FACILITIES 8-15 7.0 LIST OF PRODUCTS FOR HARA STUDIES 15-18 8.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION & PROCESS FLOW CHART OF EACH PRODUCT 19-24 9.0 LIST OF HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS FOR EXISTING HARA PRODUCTS 25-34 10.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS 35-80 10.1 HAZARD 35 10.2 HAZARD ANALYSIS DEFINITION 35 10.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 35-

10.3.1 HAZARDS RELATED TO UNIT OPERATIONS 37-38 10.3.2 HEALTH HAZRDS, FIRE & EXPLOSION HAZARDS, REACTIVITY & STABILITY

HAZARDS AND TOXICITY HAZARDS OF MATERIALS 38-78

10.3.3 CHEMICAL STORAGE HAZARDS 78 10.3.4 EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS 79 10.3.5 OTHER HAZARDS 79-80 11.0 CONTAINMENT FAILURE HAZARDS 80-81 12.0 EXISTENCE OF MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF HAZARD AT A TIME 81 13.0 RISK ASSESSMENT 81-90 13.1 RISK 81 13.2 RISK ASSESSMENT DEFINITION 81-82 13.3 TERMS USED IN RISK ASSESSMENT 82 13.4 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX (FEI) 83-

13.4.5 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX FOR CIX SOLVENT & CYCLOHEXANE IN TANKS 86-87 13.4.6 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX FOR PROPOSED LPG LOT SYSTEM 87-88 13.4.7 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS 88 13.4.8 FAILURE MODES ANALYSIS 89 13.4.9 PROBABILITY OF FAILIURE 89-90 14.0 CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS 91-92 14.1 FIRE CONSEQUENCES 91 14.2 FIRE ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS 92 15.0 TOXICITY ANALYSIS 93-96 16.0 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK

MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR EXISTING & PROPOSED LPG LOTSYSTEM 97-103

17.0 EXISTING SAFETY MEASURES & PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION OF IDENTIFIED HAZARDS BY THE MANAGEMENT

104-113

18.0 RECOMMENDED SAFETY MEASURES TO REDUCE CONSEQUENCES OF RISK OR REDUCE OR MINIMISE HAZARDS

114

19.0 CONCLUSIONS 114 20.0 DISCLAIMER 115 21.0 ANNEXURE-1:Site Lay out drawing 116

ANNEXURE-2:Fire Hydrant lay out drawing 117



PREAMBLE

This HARA study for Products & the NACL-Unit-II site was conducted by Dr. Sudhirkumar Mittal-

EHS & Fire Safety Consultant as entrusted by the Management in October, 2020 and report is

prepared after evaluation of the following aspects:

Study of the manufacturing process of the existing HARA products & proposed LPG LOT

system for HARA Study

Production facilities and equipment earmarked in each production block

Safety equipment integrated to the reactors & other relevant equipment

Hazardous properties of the chemicals used in the reaction

Safety protocols developed to assess the degree of hazards associated with manufacturing

activity

Mitigation measures under practice and those proposed to be followed to assess the inherent

hazards and their mitigation level etc.

As an outcome of the HARA study, besides the existing safe practices followed, few more practices

are recommended to take up as appropriate.

The consultant sincerely thanks for the co-operation received from the Site EHS In-Charge during the

evaluation of the existing & proposed systems.

The statement of facts was made almost based on the details furnished by the Management.

Omissions and misinterpretations expressed in this report, if any are purely inadvertent and un-

intentional.



1.0 INTRODUCTION M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208,

Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra

Pradesh. The plant covers an area of 14.385 Acers and the plant is surrounded by Agricultural fields.

The industry is 9 km away from Ravulapalem. NACL-Unit-II is engaged in manufacturing of

formulation of Pesticides and Insecticides.

The organization is an ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 & ISO 45001:2018 Certified Company.

NACL-Unit-II is manufacturing of Formulation of all categories of Pesticides such as Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, and Nematicides. The Plant has modern Formulation and Packing Facilities for handling large capacities of Liquids, Powders and Granules. It specializes in various formulations in the form of:

Liquids - EC/SL/SC/PGR Powders - CG/SG/PRILLS/WDG Granules - WP/SP

The most important unit operations involved in formulations are:

A.Liquid formulations involves mixing of several raw materials, including pesticide active

ingredients, inert ingredients, base solvent and also contain emulsifiers or surfactants as required.

B.Powder formulations basically consist of dry mixing, grinding of solids, dissolving solids, and

blending.

C.Granules are of basically two categories i.e sand coated granules and extruded granules in the form

of Prills.

In continuation to its efforts of continual improvement, the Industry has established a dedicated EHS team for

the implementation of the management systems.

The organization has formulated its Quality & Environment, Health & Safety Policy and objectives taking into

account legislative requirements and information about significant Aspects and Impacts which the organization

can control.

The main process in the manufacture of various types of Pesticide Formulations are Mixing of technical grade

pesticide with inert materials such as suitable solvents, emulsifiers, stabilizers and colouring agents if any,

according to pre determined formula to produce stable products to the consumers.



The Manufacturing process of liquid Pesticide formulations, Wettable Powder Formulations, and Granulated

Formulations does not involve any exo or endo thermic reactions or the process does not leave either by-products

or waste products and is essentially a dilution process.

In other words, the formulated pesticides are active pesticides technical reduced / diluted to approve

concentrations confirming to central Insecticides Board regulations.

The Liquid pesticide formulations are categorized as Emulsifiable concentrates (EC formulations) and

Suspension Concentrates (SC formulations). The Granulated Formulations are categorized as Coated Granules

(CG formulations) and Wettable Granules (Extruded Granules) (WG granules).

2.0 NEED FOR HARA As per rules 10 to 13 under manufacture, Storage and Import of hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Occupier of the Industry using hazardous chemicals in its

manufacturing activity should submit report on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment to the Chief

Inspector of Factories or Director of Factories appointed under the factories Act, 1948 towards an

objective evaluation of Safety related to Industrial activity and measures taken and to identify what

further measures are required to operate the plant in a safety manner. Hence, the organization initiated

a process for carrying out a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Study for the existing & new

products to identify possible Hazards with respect to the existing & new products & to evaluate the

potential risks for taking appropriate safety measures or alternative design solutions by the

Management to mitigate or control the risks and to reduce associated risks to an acceptable level and

improve reliability with respect to safety of the plant operations.

The organization initiated a process for carrying out a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Study for the

existing products to identify possible Hazards wrt. the existing products & to evaluate risks for taking appropriate

safety measures or alternative design solutions by the Management to mitigate or control the risks or to reduce

associated risks to an acceptable level and improve reliability wrt safety of the plant operations.

Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal, an independent EHS & Fire Safety consultant has been appointed as the consultant for

carrying out HARA Studies of the existing products. The consultant visited the plant, discussed with concerned

Head of Departments and prepared this study report based on the information provided by the Company,



regarding the manufacturing process, reaction conditions, existing safety measures etc. The study reflects the

logical analysis based on the information provided by the organization only.

Dr. Sudhir Kumar Mittal discussed with the Site EHS In-Charge and prepared this study report based on

the information provided regarding the manufacturing process, reaction conditions, the existing safety

measures etc. The HARA study reflects the logical analysis based on the information provided by the

organization only. Site EHS In-Charge participated in the discussion for identification of the Process

Hazards. Production, Safety & Process/Production support was also taken in reviewing the design

safety issues.

3.0 OBJECTIVES OF HARA STUDY

The principal Objective of this study is to evaluate the potential hazards due to the plant operations of

M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota

village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) is carried out to identify hazardous chemicals,

Hazardous Operations in the process & storage and quantifying the hazards and consequences by

qualitative methods only.

The report includes the following:

A description of the potential hazards arising out of the existing activities & proposed

activities together with an account of the existing controls that are in operation

Identification and assessment of major accident hazard potential in the plant operations &

processes

Identification of major failure scenarios

Hazard Analysis of each product and Qualitative impact analysis of hazardous event with

respect to areas affected by Fire or Explosion, etc.

The HARA Report also includes the existing safety measures already taken by the

Organization and the proposed safety measures required to operate the Plant in a safe manner.



As per the rules 10 to 13 under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals

(MSIHC) Rules, 1989 as amended in year 2000, made under Environment (Protection) Act,

1986, the Occupier of the industry using hazardous chemicals in its manufacturing activity is

obliged to submit report on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment to the authorities.

4.0 SCOPE OF HARA STUDY

The Scope of the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) studies is applicable to the existing products

being manufactured at M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II is located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 at

D.NO-4-208, Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of

Andhra Pradesh.,India.

5.0 METHODOLOGY OF HARA STUDY Study of manufacturing process of each product, hazards related to operations, plant and equipment,

chemicals in use are carried out by the EHS & Fire Safety consultant based on the process data &

details furnished by the organisation. Further, discussions were held with Site EHS-In-Charge

regarding the existing safety measures.

6.0 ABOUT THE SITE, SURROUNDING & PLANT FACILITIES

6.1 ABOUT THE SITE The plant covers an area of 14.385 Acers and the plant is surrounded by Agricultural fields. The industry is 7

km away from Ravulapalem. The total Built up area is 4 acres (6508 Square meter) & the total Green

Belt area is 5.0 acres.

NACL-Unit-II is engaged in manufacturing of formulation of Pesticides and Insecticides.

The site is certified for ISO14001 (Valid up to 11th May’2022), ISO45001 (Valid up to 11th

May’2022) & ISO9001 (Valid up to 11th May’2022).



6.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS:

1. Avg. rain fall 457 mm

2. Longitude 81.84969 E

3. Latitude 16.690378 N

4. Avg. Min Temp 25.9 0C

5. Avg. Max Temp 32.2 0C

6. Predominant wind direction 17 kmph

6.1 From March to June 10.7 kmph

6.2 From July to October 20 kmph

6.3 From November to February 16 kmph

6.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA AROUND THE SITE

Direction Type of Habitat No. of persons Distance from the site

East Palivela Village 1000 4 km West Ganti Village 1000 2 km North Agriculture land Pady and coconut Nil 10 km

South Agriculture land Pady and coconut Next to ethakota village

2000 4 km

6.4 PLANT FACILITIES

6.4.1 Utilities

Various utilities have been provided for smooth operation of production as mentioned below:

6.4.1:Details of Utilities Sr. No. Description Qty/No. Capacity 1.0 Generators (DG Sets) 3 500 KVA ,250 KVA.180 KVA 3.0 Air Compressor 3.1 Air compressor-1&2 Atlas capco 300 CFM, 70 CFM 3.2 Air compressor-3 IR 30 CFM 3.3 Air compressor-4&5 2 Elgi 30 CFM 4.0 Boiler (Diesel fired) 1 0.5 ton 5.0 Transformer 1 630 KVA 6.0 Chilling Plant 6.1 Chilling plant-1 1 11 TR 6.2 Chilling plant-2 1 22 TR 7.0 Power Supply 7.1 11 KVA 01 11 KV/415 VOLTS



6.4.2 PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Sr. No. Description Name Products name

1. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-1 Profenofos 50% EC

Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC

Chlorpyriphos 50% EC

Propiconazole 25 % EC

2. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-2 Paraquat Dichloride 20% SL

Glyphosate 36% SL

Pretilachlor 50 % EC

3. Production Block LIQUIDS BLOCK-3 Monocrotopos 36%SL

Imidacloprid 20% SL

Hexaconazole 5% SC

Chlorpyriphos 50%EC +Cypermethrin 5% EC

4. Production Block GRANULES BLOCK-1 Carbofuran 3%CG

5. Production Block GRANULES BLOCK-2 Cartaphydrochloride 4%GR

6. Production Block POWDERS BLOCK-10 ACM

Tricyclazole 75 % WP


Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP

Mancozeb 75% WP


Carbendazim 50%WP

Myclobutanil 10 % WP

9. Production Block POWDERS PACKING UNIT

Acetamiprid 20% SP

Myclobutanil 10 % WP

Thiamethoxam 25% WG

7.2 Contract Maximum Demand 1 340 KVA 7.3 Connected Load In HP 1581.65 HP + 155 KW 8.0 UPS back up for emergency

lighting Admin,LAB,Process Block

10 KVA, 20 KVA, 6 KVA



6.4.3 STORAGE & WAREHOUSE FACILITIES 6.4.3.1 Warehouse-Solid Raw Materials

LIST OF HAZARDOUS SOILD RMs IN WAREHOUSE

Sr. No.

Name

Type of container-(PVC Bags /jute bag/Paper bag/ Fibber Drums)

Total qty. (Kg ) Inventory

UOM Hazardous nature (Flammable/Explosive/Toxic/Corrosive

1 Acetamiprid 20%SP BAGS/DRUMS 21,403.99 KG Toxic 2 Ammonium Sulphate BAGS 1,715.74 KG Toxic 3 Carbendazim Technical BAGS 32,300.35 KG Toxic

4 Carbofuran Technical FIBER DRUMS 19,064.72 KG Toxic

5 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical BAGS

31,476.26 KG Toxic

6 Copper Oxychloride 50 % WP BAGS

10,116.50 KG Toxic

7 Emmamectin Benzoate 5 % SG DRUMS

23,041.00 KG Toxic

8 Fenclorim DRUMS 30.00 KG Toxic

9 IMIDACLOPRID 70 % WDG DRUMS

1,066.60 KG Toxic

10 Imidacloprid Technical BAGS 8,525.00 KG Toxic

11

LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN - TECHNICAL DRUMS

1,522.00 KG Toxic

12 Mancozeb + Carbendazim 75%WP BAGS

25.00 KG Toxic

13 Mancozeb 64 % + Metalaxyl 8 % WP BAGS

26.00 KG Toxic

14 Mancozeb 75%WP BAGS 620.00 KG Toxic 15 Mancozeb Technical BAGS 20,922.27 KG Toxic

16 MYCLOBUTANIL (CCQ- ROOT) DRUMS

4,946.40 KG Toxic

17 Phosphoric Acid DRUMS 6,354.51 KG Corrosive 18 SULPHUR 80 % WDG BAGS 1,140.00 KG Toxic 19 Thifluzamide Technical BAGS 716.24 KG Toxic

20 Thiomethoxam 25 % WG DRUMS 20,060.00 KG Toxic

21 Tricyclazole Technical (Imp. HMBT Root) DRUMS

12,447.10 KG Toxic

22 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal pH) BAGS

5,705.07 KG TOXIC



6.4.3.2 Warehouse-Liquid Raw Materials

LIST OF HAZARDOUS LIQUID RMS IN WAREHOUSE

Sr. No.

Name

Type of container-(Drums/Fiber Drums)


UOM

Hazardous nature (Flammable/Explosive/Toxic/Corrosive

1 BIFENTHRIN TECHNICAL DRUMS 3,290.00 KG TOXIC

2 CHLORPYRIPHOS 50% + CYPERMETHRIN 5% EC-E DRUMS

600.00 L TOXIC

3 Chlorpyriphos Technical DRUMS 38,839.50 KG TOXIC 4 Cypermethrin Technical DRUMS 25,872.00 KG TOXIC 5 Di Methyl Sulphoxide DRUMS 2,625.00 KG Flammable 6 Cyclohexanone TANKER 31,442.00 KG Flammable 7 Fipronil Technical DRUMS 1.54 KG TOXIC 8 FORMALDEHYDE DRUMS 120.50 KG Flammable 9 Solvent C-IX TANKER 258,866.00 KG Flammable

10 Benzylone-2PW DRUMS 7.80 KG Toxic 11 Castor Oil DRUMS 26,442.00 KG Flammable 12 GLYPHOSATE 36 % SL DRUMS 16.00 L Toxic 13 Glyphosate 41%SL DRUMS 160.00 L Toxic 14 Hexaconazole Technical FIBER DRUMS 760.63 KG Toxic 15 Validamycin 3%L (E) DRUMS 2,000.00 L Toxic 16 Epichlorohydrin DRUMS 972.00 KG Toxic 17 EPOXIDISED SOYABEAN OIL DRUMS 13,191.00 KG Toxic 18 Sulphuric Acid SQ TINS 47.10 KG Toxic 19 Profenofos Technical DRUMS 35,250.00 KG Toxic 20 Propargite 57 % EC FIBER DRUMS 163.95 L Toxic 21 Propylene Glycol DRUMS 4,258.89 KG TOXIC 22 Sodium Hypo Chlorite DRUMS 676.00 KG TOXIC 23 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade DRUMS 241.00 KG Corrosive 24 Monocrotophos Technical (E) DRUMS 930.00 KG Toxic 25 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide DRUMS 9,484.00 KG Flammable 26 N-Butyl Alcohol DRUMS 1,111.40 KG Flammable 27 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone DRUMS 21,256.00 KG Flammable 28 Oxyflourfen 23.5% EC DRUMS 1,246.75 L Toxic 29 Paraquat Dichloride 24%SL DRUMS 2,000.00 L Toxic 30 Pendimethalin Technical DRUMS 2,270.00 KG Toxic 31 PRETILACHLOR 37% EW DRUMS 3.20 L Toxic 32 Pretilachlor 50%EC DRUMS 480.00 L Toxic 33 Pretilachlor Technical (E) DRUMS 41,520.00 KG Toxic 34 Mono Chloro Benzene DRUMS 284.00 KG Flammable 35 Triazophos 40 % EC DRUMS 4.50 L Toxic



6.4.3.3 Warehouse-Non hazardous Solid & Liquid Raw Materials

NON HAZARDOUS SOILD RMs IN WAREHOUSE

Sr. No.

Name

Type of container-(PVC Bags /jute bag/Paper bag/Fiber Drums)


UOM Nature

1 Acid Brill Green BAGS/DRUMS 2,423.32 KG Non hazard

2 Amcron 4003 Red

BAGS/DRUMS 425.88 KG

Non hazard

3 Amcron Copper Brown Dye BAGS/DRUMS 46.80 KG Non hazard 4 Non hazard

5 Spray Dried Silica BAGS 11,648.25 KG Non hazard

6 Sugar BAGS 3,034.84 KG Non hazard

7 SILICA SAND BAGS 38,678.41 KG Non hazard

8 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade) BAGS

26,635.21 KG Non hazard

9 China Clay (Tulsi Brand) BAGS 69,593.22 KG Non hazard

10 BORRESPERSE NA BAGS 15.50 KG Non hazard

11 Calcium Carbonate BAGS 7,085.12 KG Non hazard

12 DISPERTOX - ACZ BAGS 3,039.88 KG Non hazard

13 DISPERTOX-ANS-60 BAGS 22.55 KG Non hazard

14 DISPERTOX-BS (SPL) BAGS 2.98 KG Non hazard

15 GREENSIL PD BAGS 4.70 KG Non hazard

16 Malachite Green BAGS/DRUMS 8.35 KG Non hazard

17 Superse 96 BAGS 5,428.37 KG Non hazard

18 Tamol DN BAGS 6,028.48 KG Non hazard

19 Tamol- FBP1 BAGS 6,380.00 KG Non hazard

20 VEEGUM R BAGS 32.49 KG Non hazard 21 Solvent Blue 036 DRUMS 40.45 KG Non hazard 22 Methyl Violet DRUMS 857.23 KG Non hazard

23 MORWET D-425 BAGS 865.31 KG Non hazard

24 P-Orange Dye DRUMS 21.58 KG Non hazard 25 Potassium Sorbate TINS 142.98 KG Non hazard 26 Quartz Sand BAGS 270,958.88 KG Non hazard 27 Rodopol 23 BAGS 678.13 KG Non hazard



6.4.3.4 Solvents & Hazardous Chemicals Storage Tanks

Legends: AG = Above Ground, UG = Under Ground, H: Horizontal, V: Vertical

6.4.3.5 Gas Cylinders storage

6.4.6 Fire Hydrant system

Fire Hydrant system comprising one jockey pump, one Fire pump (electrically driven) and one diesel

engine pump is provided for the entire site. A dedicated ground level storage pond of 500.0 KL

capacity is provided for fire-fighting purpose. 2 bore wells are connected to sumps An Overhead tank

of 30.0 KL capacity is also provided for emergency use, however, this tank is not directly connected

to fire hydrant network.

Tank. No. NAME OF SOLVENT & HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

CAPACITY, KL

H/V Type of

Installation

BULK SOLVENT TANKS

1. C9-SOLVENT 197.90 V Above Ground



4. CYCLO HEXANONE 137.20 V Above Ground

5. HSD Diesel 56.50

V Above Ground

Total 787.40 KL

Gas Cylinders

S.No. Name of Gas Cylinders Nos. of Gas Cylinders Usage Area

1 Hydrogen 2 QC Lab

2 Oxygen 6 QC Lab 3 Nitrogen 6 QC Lab 4 Acetylene 1 Work shop 5 Oxygen (commercial) 1 Work shop



6.4.7 Proposed LPG LOT (Liquid Off Take) System Boiler

The industry has proposed LPG LOT (Liquid Off Take) System Boiler to use LPG as fuel in place of

the existing fuel Diesel for ensuring less pollution. Moreover, the LPG LOT system is more

economical as compared to the existing Diesel system for Boiler.

At present, steam generated from Disel fired bolier is sued as an energy to Fluid Bed Dryer in

Granulator Block for drying purpse.

Diesel Burners shall be replaced with LPG burners after modification. Shed for LPG Manifold shall

be provided by converting the existing wash room near overhed water tank closwer to 10 ACM

Block.

The Impact analysis for the propose LPG Lot system is presented in Section No.16

7.0 LIST OF PRODUCTS FOR HARA STUDIES

S.NO PRODUCT & BYPRODUCT NAME QUANTITY /YEAR

01 LIQUID FORMULATION 12000 KL/YEAR

02 POWDER FORMULATION 5000 MT/YEAR

03 GRANULES FORMULATION 30,000 MT/YEAR

The industry shall manufacture only 8 products from the particular stream not exceeding their total capacity and shall not manufacture the products banned by Government of India.

01 LIQUID FORMULATION

1. Quinalpas

2. Monocrotopos 36%SL

3. Dichlorvos 76%EC

4. Chlorpyriphos 20 % EC

5. Alphamethrin 10% EC

6. Lambda Cyhalothrin 2.5 % EC

7. Profenofos 50% EC

8. Pretilachlor 50 % EC

9. Propiconazole 25 % EC



10. BPMC 50% EC

11. Cypermethrin 10%EC&25% EC

12. Thifluzamide 24 % SC

13. Chlorpyriphos 50%EC +Cypermethrin 5% EC

14. Buprofezin 25% SC

15. Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution

16. Chlorpyriphos 48% EC

17. Chlorpyriphos 50% EC

18. Cypermethrin 40% EC

19. Dichlorvos 100 % W/V EC

20. Fiprinil 5% SC

21. Glyphosate 36% SL



24. Hexaconazole 5% EC

25. Hexaconazole 5% SC

26. Imidacloprid 17.8% SL

27. Malathion 57% EC

28. Mancozeb 33.5% SC

29. Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC

30. Paraquat Dichloride 24% SL

31. Pendimethalin 30% EC

32. Pretilachlor 30.7% EC

33. Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC



36. Propargite 57% EC

37. Sulphur 40% SC

38. Sulphur 50% SC

39. Triazophos 40% EC




41. Atrazine 50% SL

42. Paraquat Dichloride 20% SL

43. Atrazine 50% SC

44. Carbosulfan 24% EC

45. Cyfluthrin 5% EW

46. Deltamethrin 3% EW

47. Imidacloprid 20% SL

48. Oxyfluorfen 10 % EC

49. Oxyfluorfen 20 % EC

50. Pendimethalin 50% EC

51. 2,4-D Amine Salt 72% SL

52. Clodinafop Propargyl 8% EC

53. Gibberellic Acid 0.001% L

54. Lufenuron 5.4 % EC

55. Difenoconazole 25% EC

56. Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC

57. Tebuconazole 25.9% EC

58. Bifenthrin 10% EC

59. Ziram 27% SC

60. Pendimethalin 30% + Imazethapyr 2% EC

61. Indoxacarb 14.5% + Acetamiprid 7.7% SC

02 POWDER FORMULATION

1. Acephate 75 % SP

2. Carbendazim 50%WP

3. Cartap Hydrochloride 50%SP

4. Atrizine 50 % WP

5. Thiophanate methyl 70%WP

6. Tricyclazole 75 % WP

7. Validamycin 3% L

8. Myclobutanil 10 % WP

9. Acetamiprid 20% SP



10. Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP

11. Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP

12. Copper Oxychloride 50% WP

13. Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64%WP

14. Mancozeb 64%+Metalaxyl 8% WP

15. Mancozeb 64% + Metalaxyl-M 4%WP

16. Mancozeb 75% WP

17. Sulphur 80% WP

18. Dimethomorph 50 % WP

19. Thiodicarb 75% WP

20. Triadimefon 25% WP

21. Diafenthiuron 50% WP

22. Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5% WP

03 GRANULES FORMULATION

1. Carbofuran 3%CG

2. Cartaphydrochloride 4%GR

3. Acephate 90% Prills

4. Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG

5. Glyphosate 71% SG

6. Imidacloprid 70% WG

7. Metsulfuron Methyl 20% WG

8. Thiamethoxam 25% WG

9. Fipronil 0.3 % Gr

At present, 38 products are being manufactured on regular basis. 18 Products are procured

in bulk and then filling of bulk technical is done in small sizes packs as per the market

requirements.

37 products are not being formulated due to poor market demands.

The above data about the products covers all 92 products.



8.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION & PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR EACH PRODUCT 8.1 Process Description of Liquid Formulations Liquid formulations involves mixing of several raw materials, including pesticide active ingredients,

inert ingredients, base solvent and also contain emulsifiers or surfactants as required.

Example: Liquid Formulation of Profex Super (Profenofos 40%EC+ Cypermethrin 4% EC)

1. SOLVENT C9 TRANSFERING TO FORMULATION TANK OR REACTOR

2. Add technical PROFENOFOS and Cyper metrin in to reactor

3. Add emulsifier ,Add soya bean oil

4. Stirring 45 minutes

5. Sample collect and send to laboratory

6. If sample ok , the solution transferred to Buffer tanks for packing

7. Set packing line for product formulation line

8. Product passing through Auto filling machines

9. Next step to Auto plugging machine, tear of sealing, auto labels, auto shrink wrapping

machine.

10. BOX packing

11. BOP Taping

12. Finished goods transferred to FG Godown through Forklifts.

Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all liquid formulations, only technical,

Raw Materials, and emulsifiers will change



8.2 Process Description of Powder Formulations Powder formulations basically consist of dry mixing, grinding of solids, dissolving solids, and

blending.

For Examlpe: INDEX (MYCLOBUTABNIL 10%)

1. TECHNICALS ( MICROBUTANIL, SODIUM IGNO SULPHATE, SILICA, CHAINA

CLAY ) CHANGING TO PRE BLENDER

2. MIXING ONE HOUR

3. MILLING

4. NEXT SEND TO FINAL BLENDER

5. ONE HOUR MIXING SAMPLE SEND TO QC,IF SAMPLE OK

6. THEN PACKING IN TO POUCHES THROUGH MANULA AUGER FILLING MACHINE

7. FINISHED GOOD SEND TO FG Warehouse.

Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all Powder formulations, only technical,

Raw Materials, will change



FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR POWDER FORMULATIONS FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR GRANULES FORMULATIONS



8.3 Process Description of Granules Formulations Granules are of basically two categories i.e sand coated granules and extruded granules in the form of

Prills.

For Example: CARBOFURON 3% CG

1. Sand loading to mixer through skip hoist

2. Solution( PVA Gum methyl violet+sugar+ emulsifier ) spraying to mixer

3. Technical adding (Carbofuran 98%) to the mixer by screw

4. Add calcium carbonate to the mixer

5. Passing through vibrator and send to mixer, rotary drier for drying

6. After 30 minutes mixing sample and sample send to QC,IF sample Is ok

7. Material passing through bucket elevator and hoppers

8. It is SEMI Finished goods

9. Semi-finished goods transfer FFS machines

10. Packing with 1 kg/5kg films

11. Final finished goods send to FG Warehouse through Forklifts.

Note: The above mentioned process shall be applicable for all Granule formulations, only technical,

Raw Materials, will change



FLOW CHART OF FORMULATION FOR GRANULES FORMULATIONS



9.0 LIST OF HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS FOR EXISTING HARA PRODUCTS 9.1 Profenofos 50% E.C

S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent 1 Profenofos Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Castor Oil 4 IGSurf 2700 I 5 IGSurf 2790M 6 Epoxidised Soyabean Oil (MAKSTAB)

9.2 Profenofos 50% E.C W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Profenofos Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Castor Oil 4 IGSurf 2700 I 5 IGSurf 2790M 6 Epoxidised Soyabean Oil (MAKSTAB)

9.3 Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% E.C. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Profenofos Technical 2 Cypermethrin Technical 3 Solvent C-IX 4 Castor Oil 5 IGSurf 2700 I 6 IGSurf 2790M 7 Epoxidised Soyabean Oil (MAKSTAB)

9.4 Profenofos 72% EC, W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Profenofos Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Castor Oil 4 IGSurf 2700 I 5 IGSurf 2790M 6 Epoxidised Soyabean Oil (MAKSTAB) 7 Neosurf -WET-65



9.5 Profenofos 45% EC W/W S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Profenofos Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Castor Oil 4 IGSurf 2700 I 5 IGSurf 2790M 6 Propol ESO

9.6 Monocrotophos 36% S.L S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Cyclohexanone 2 Monocrotophos Technical (E)

9.7 Dichlorvos 76 % E.C S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Dichlorvos Technical (E) 2 Malachite Green 3 Solvent C-IX 4 Epichlorohydrin 5 Propal DDVP

9.8 Acephate 75% S.P. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Acephate Technical 2 Ammonium Sulphate 3 Spray Dried Silica 4 Sodium Tripoly Phosphate

9.9 Acephate Prills 90% for Exports S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Acephate Technical 2 Spray Dried Silica 3 Sodium Tripoly Phosphate 4 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine



9.10 Tricyclazole 75% W.P S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Tricyclazole Technical 2 Tamol DN 3 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal PH) 4 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 5 IGSurf 2333PS 6 Spray Dried Silica 7 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)

9.11 Tricyclazole 75%WP for Exports S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Tricyclazole Technical 2 Spray Dried Silica 3 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal PH) 4 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 5 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)

9.12 Propiconazole 25 % E.C. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Propiconazole Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide 4 Isromul Emulsifier Profeno-X 5 Isromul Emulsifier Profeno-Y

9.13 Propiconazole 25 % E.C W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Propiconazole Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide 4 Propal TI (B) 5 Propal TI (A)

9.14 Chlorpyriphos 20% EC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Chlorpyriphos Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Atlox SC 671 4 Atlox SC 672



9.15 Chlorpyriphos 48% EC W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Solvent C-IX 2 IGSurf 2740 3 IGSurf 2760 4 Chlorpyriphos Technical

9.16 Chlorpyriphos 50%+Cypermethrin 5% E.C S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Solvent C-IX 2 IGSurf 2740 3 IGSurf 2760 4 Chlorpyriphos Technical 5 Cypermethrin Technical

9.17 CHLORPYRIPHOS 50%EC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Chlorpyriphos Technical 2 IGSurf 2740 3 IGSurf 2760 4 Solvent C-IX

9.18 Pretilachlor 50% EC

S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent 1 Pretilachlor Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 IGSurf 2740 4 IGSurf 2760 5 Propol ESO

9.19 Pretilachlor 30.7%+Fenclorim 7.67% S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Pretilachlor Technical 2 Solvent C-IX 3 Atlox SC 671 4 Atlox SC 672 5 Fenclorim



9.20 Carbendazim 50% W.P. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Spray Dried Silica 2 Tamol- FBP1 3 Carbendazim Technical 4 Tamol DN 5 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)

9.21 Carbofuran 3% CG S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Methyl Violet 2 Sand 3 Calcium Carbonate 4 Sugar 5 PVA Gum 6 Carbofuran Technical 7 IGSurf 2754

9.22 Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Acid Brill Green 2 Sand 3 Phosphoric Acid 4 Emulsol NP 85 5 Emulsol PAP 6 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical 7 China Clay (Tulsi Brand)

9.23 Cartap Hydrochloride 50% S.P. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Acid Brill Green 2 Ammonium Sulphate 3 Emulsol NP 85 4 Emulsol PAP 5 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical

9.24 Validamycin 3% L S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Sulphuric Acid SQ 2 Acid Brill Green 3 D.M.Water



4 Methanol 5 Potassium Sorbate 6 IGSurf 2008 E 7 Validamycin Technical 8 Atlox 3772

9.25 Malathion 57% EC W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Solvent C-IX 2 Epichlorohydrin 3 Atlox SC 802 4 Atlox SC 803 5 Malathion Technical

9.26 Cypermethrin 10% E.C S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Solvent C-IX 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672 4 Cypermethrin Technical

9.27 Cypermethrin 10% E.C. W/V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Solvent C-IX 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672 4 Cypermethrin Technical

9.28 Lamda-Cyhalothrin 2.5% E.C. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Lambda-Cyhalothrin Technical 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672 4 Solvent C-IX

9.29 Lamda-Cyhalothrin 5.0% E.C. S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Lambda-Cyhalothrin Technical 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672



4 Solvent C-IX

9.30 Myclobutanil 10% W.P S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 MYCLOBUTANIL (CCQ- ROOT) 2 Spray Dried Silica 3 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal PH) 4 Tamol DN 5 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)

9.31 Thifluzamide 24%SC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Thifluzamide Technical 2 D.M.Water 3 Atlox 4913 4 Renex 30 5 Propylene Glycol 6 Rodopol 23 7 PROXEL GXL 8 ANTIFOAM AFE 0300 9 VEEGUM R

9.32 Thifluzamide 24% SC, W/V (Exports) S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Thifluzamide Technical 2 D.M.Water 3 Atlox 4913 4 Renex 30 5 Propylene Glycol 6 Rodopol 23 7 PROXEL GXL 8 ANTIFOAM AFE 0300 9 VEEGUM R

9.33 Imidachloprid 17.8%SL S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Di Methyl Sulphoxide 2 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine 3 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone 4 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER-AB-91(M) 5 Imidacloprid Technical



9.34 Pendimethalin 30% EC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Pendimethalin Technical 2 IGSurf 2780 3 IGSurf 2790M 4 Solvent C-IX

9.35 Lambda Cyhalothrin 2.5 % EC W/ V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent


9.36 Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 % EC W/ V S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent


9.37 Hexaconazole 5%EC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Hexaconazole Technical 2 N-Butyl Alcohol 3 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER HEXA A(SP) 4 ISROMUL EMULSIFIER HEXA N ( SP) 5 Solvent C-IX

9.38 CYPERMETHRIN 5%EC W/W S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Cypermethrin Technical 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672 4 Solvent C-IX

9.39 HEXACONAZOLE 5%SC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Hexaconazole Technical 2 GERNOL SC/R



3 P5G 4 Spray Dried Silica 5 FORMALDEHYDE 6 Atlox 3772 7 Rodopol 23 9 D.M.Water

9.40 BUPROFEZIN 25%SC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 BUPROFEZIN TECHNICAL 2 MORWET D-425 3 Propylene Glycol 4 Spray Dried Silica 5 Bentanite Clay 6 PROXEL GXL 7 Atlox 3772 8 Rodopol 23 9 D.M.Water

9.41 FIPRONIL 5%SC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Fipronil Technical 2 Propylene Glycol 3 Unitop SC 6122 4 Unitop SC 101 5 Sunflower Oil 6 PROXEL GXL 7 Atlox 3772 8 Rodopol 23 9 D.M.Water

9.42 THIAMETHOXAM 25 % WDG S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Thiomethoxam Technical 2 Tamol DN 3 BORRESPERSE NA 4 IGSurf 2333PS 5 GREENSIL PD 6 Citric Acid 7 Talc Powder 8 Ammonium Sulphate



9.43 SODIUM PARA-NITROPHENOLATE 0.3% SL S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate 1.8% SL 2 D.M.Water

9.44 Mancozeb 63%+Carbendazim 12% WP S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Mancozeb Technical 2 Carbendazim Technical 3 DISPERTOX - ACZ 4 Spray Dried Silica 5 Sodium Ligno Sulphonate (Normal PH) 6 China Clay (Luster-85 Grade)

9.45 PENDIMETHALIN 50%EC W/W S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 Pendimethalin Technical 2 IG SURF 2901 3 IGSurf 2790M 4 Mono Chloro Benzene

9.46 BIFENTHRIN 10%EC S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Chemicals/Solvent

1 BIFENTHRIN TECHNICAL 2 Atlox SC 671 3 Atlox SC 672 4 Solvent C-IX

Bulk quantity Techical Products are subjected to filling operation in small pack sizes as per the

market requiremnts.

Hazards related to all Technical materials involved in 92 products manufacturing have been

considered in section No.10.0



10.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS 10.1 HAZARD: Potentially dangerous condition, which is triggered by an event, called the cause

of the hazard.

10.2 HAZARD ANALYIS DEFINITION: Identify all possible hazards potentially created by a

product, process or application.

The Hazard Analysis Process consists of the following steps:

Identification and description of the identified hazards and accident events which could lead to

undesirable consequences

A relative ranking of the risk of each hazard and accident event sequence using FEI (Fire

Explosion Index)

A qualitative estimate of the risks in regards to consequences and probability and consequence

of each undesirable event.

Risk is defined as the product of the frequency (probability, likelihood) of an event occurring and its

consequence (severity, impact, injury/fatality rate). Risk assessment is often an iterative process that

involves the major steps:

1. Define a worst case scenario (WCS) in terms of its likelihood and consequence

2. Develop line of defense appropriate to the risk

3. Evaluate the risk reduction/elimination afforded by the line(s) of defense

4. Decide if risk reduction is sufficient and complete the project if sufficient

5. Decide if additional risk reduction can be achieved

6. Decide to not perform the process if further risk reduction is not feasible

This process of hazard identification and risk assessment is designed to reduce risk to an acceptable

level. Achieving the required level of risk reduction completes the review process. Alternatively, if

the risk cannot be reduced using the available resources the process should be terminated.

10.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Identification of hazards in the Pesticides formulation plant or in the Synthetic organic chemicals

plant is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of

accidents involving flammable compounds. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in



fact the characteristic of system/plant/storage that presents potential for an accident. Hence,

all the components of system/plant / process need to be thoroughly examined to assess

their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events which can

be termed as an accident.

Typical schemes of predictive hazard evaluation and quantitative risk analysis suggest that hazard

identification step plays a key role. Estimation of probability of an unexpected event and its

consequences form the basis of quantification of risk in terms of damage to property, environment

or personnel. Therefore, the type, quantity, location and conditions of release of a toxic or

flammable substance have to be identified in order to estimate its damaging effects, the area

involved, and the possible precautionary measures required to be taken.

Some of the hazard identification procedures are as follows:

a. Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index (FETI) Approach

b. HAZOP studies

c. Maximum Credible Accident and Consequence Analysis (MCACA)

d. Classification of Major Hazard Substances

e. Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989(GOI Rules, 1989)

f. Identification of Major Hazardous Units.

The Hazard identification process adopted is to interpret the chemical storage Manufacture

Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 (GOI Rules, 1989) for the storage of

chemicals in this unit.

Preliminary Hazard Identification is used to identify typical and often relatively apparent hazards

and damage events in a system.

Hazard of significant nature whose consequence potential is of worth consideration and wherein a

specified area or where more number of personnel likely to be present etc., are considered in

identifying the hazards.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION: Preliminary Hazard Identification is used to identify typical and

often relatively apparent hazards and damage events in a system.

The following are such hazards considered for detailed study: 10.3.1 Hazards Related to Unit Operations



10.3.2 Health, Fire & Explosion and Reactivity Hazards

10.3.3 Chemical Storage Hazards

10.3.4 Equipment related Hazards

10.3.5 Other hazards

10.3.1 Hazards related to Unit Operations

The various unit operations often involve hazardous materials handling under hazardous operating

conditions.The general safety considerations for such unit operations have to be taken into

consideration.The following are the unit operations and associated hazards.

Sr.

No.

Unit Operation Hazards

1. Transfer of flammable solvents such

as Aromatic Solvents (CIX) from

Stotage Tanks in Tank Farm Yard to

Mixing tanks etc

Spills Hazards, Containment failure hazards,

Fire hazard

2. Loading/Unloading/Transfer of Toxic

Chemicals/Hazardous Chemicals/Raw

materials from Trucks/ Tempos to

ground level & to Tempos /Trucks

from ground level

Spillage of Toxic Technical material due to

containment failure or gasket failure causing

severe Health Hazards caused by exposure

3. Mixing & Agittaion with Solvent &

Technical Pesticides/Insecticides etc

Spills of Solvent/Technical, Fires, and

Toxicity-Severe Health hazards due to

exposure to Pesticides etc.

While material properties present primary

hazard in most of these operations, Hazards

due to dust explosions, flammable / explosive

mixtures and static electricity are important.

4. Filling of Formulation in

Bottles/Containers

Exposure to Pesticides/Insecticides –spillage

or containment /gasket failure-Severe

Pesticide Poisoning

5. Formulation of Dusting powder/ Exposure to dust and Technical



Granlues using Technical Liquid PesticideInses/cticides due to spillage and

emission of dust from machines

10.3.2 Health Hazards, Fire & Explosion Hazards. Reactivity & stability hazards and Toxicity Hazards of Materials A consolidated list of hazardous/toxic chemicals & Technical materials is prepared based on the

raw materials list for each product as mentioned in Section No.9 of this report.

S. No. Hazardous Raw Materials/ Solvents in Drums/Chemicals 1 Acephate Technical 2 Acetamiprid 20%SP 3 Acetamiprid Technical 4 Alphamethrin 10% EC 5 Atrazine 50% SL 6 Bifenthrin Technical 7 Buprofezin technical 8 N-Butyl Alcohol 9 Carbendazim Technical

10 Carbofuran Technical 11 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical 12 Chlorpyriphos Technical 13 Carbosulfan 24% EC 14 Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP 15 Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution 16 Copper Oxychloride 50 % WP 17 Cypermethrin Technical 18 Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC 19 Cyfluthrin 5% EW 20 Cyclohexanone 21 Solvent C-IX 22 Deltamethrin 3% EW 23 Dichlorvos Technical (E) 24 Difenoconazole 25% EC 25 N,N-Dimethyl Formamide 26 Di Methyl Sulphoxide 27 Emamectin Benzoate Technical



28 Epichlorohydrin 29 Fipronil Technical 30 Formaldehyde 31 Gibberellic Acid Technical 32 Glyphosate Technical and 36 % SL& 41% SL 33 Hexaconazole Technical 34 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade 35 Indoxacarb Technical 36 Imidacloprid Technical & Imidacloprid 70 % WDG 37 Lambda-Cyhalothrin Technical 38 Lufenuron 39 Malathion Technical 40 Mancozeb Technical 41 Metalaxyl Technical 42 Metsulfuron Methyl Technical 43 Methanol 44 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone 45 Mono Chloro Benzene 46 Monocrotophos Technical (E) 47 Myclobutanil (CCQ- ROOT) 48 Oxyflourfen 23.5% EC 49 Paraquat Dichloride 24%SL 50 Pendimethalin Technical 51 Phosphoric Acid 52 Pretilachlor Technical 53 Profenofos Technical 54 Propargite 57 % EC 55 Propiconazole Technical 56 Propylene Glycol 57 Quinalphos 58 Sodium Hypo Chlorite 59 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate 1.8% SL 60 Sulphur 80 % WDG 61 Sulphuric Acid SQ 62 Tebuconazole 25.9% EC 63 Thiodicarb 75% WP 64 Triadimefon 25% WP 66 Thiomethoxam Technical 66 Tricyclazole Technical 67 Triazophos 40 % EC 68 Validamycin Technical



10.3.2.1 Acephate Technical

Health Hazards: Causes eye irritation; Harmful if swallowed; Avoid breathing dust or spray mist;

Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing

Fire Hazards: Avoid breathing smoke or mists. Minimize amount of water used to prevent

environmental damage from excessive water run-off. Do not enter any enclosed area without full

protective equipment, including SCBA. Decontaminate personal protective equipment and fire

fighting equipment before reuse.

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Combustion forms carbon dioxide, water vapor and oxides of

sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorous.

Stability & Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Alkaline materials

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Contact with alkaline materials including hypochlorite oxidants,

may produce noxious gasses.

Toxicity Hazards: ACUTE: This product contains Acephate, a cholinesterase inhibitor. Acute

overexposures by oral, dermal or inhalation routes may produce signs and symptoms of toxicity,

usually within several hours of exposure.

Eye Irritation: Minimal effects clearing within 24 hours

Skin Irritation: Non-irritating (Toxicity Category IV).

Dermal Toxicity: The dermal LD50 in rabbits is > 2 g/kg

Oral Toxicity: The oral LD50 in male rats is 688 mg/kg. The oral LD50 in female rats is 1127 mg/kg.

The LD50 for the combined sexes is 846 mg/kg (Toxicity Category III).

10.3.2.2 Acetamiprid 20%SP

Potential Health Hazards: Appearance and odor: pale blue soluble powder (formulation)

Inhalation: Inhalation of dust of this material can cause drying of mucous membranes of the eyes,

nose and throat which may result in irritation and occasional nosebleeds.

Eye contact: Direct contact with dust may cause slight eye irritation.

Skin contact: Direct contact with dust may cause slight skin irritation. Ingestion : Slightly toxic if

swallowed.

Emergency Antidote: No specific antidote. Treat symptomatically.

Fire Hazard: Flammability: Non-flammable.



Stability & Reactvity hazards:

Stability: Chemically stable under normal storage and handling conditions.

Incompatibility: Strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute oral: LD50 for rat 1024 mg/kg. Low toxicity.

Acute dermal: LD50 for rat > 2000 mg/kg. Low toxicity.

Acute inhalation: (4 h) LC50 for rat > 2.0 mg/l. Low toxicity.

Irritation: Slightly irritating to rabbit eyes and skin.

Other: Long-term oral studies in animals showed no evidence of carcinogenicity.

10.3.2.3 Acetamipride technical Health Hazards: Caution. Hazard to humans and domestic animals.

Fire & Explosion Hazards: Explosiveness: Will form dust explosive mixtures in air.

Dust explosive rating of ST-1 (KsT = 165 bar-meter per second).

Fire and Explosion Hazards: Like all organic and most dry chemicals, as a powder or dust, this

product (when mixed with air in critical proportions and in the presence of an ignition source) may

present an explosion hazard.

Storage Hazards: Never transfer this product to another container for storage.

Do not allow prolonged storage in areas where temperatures frequently exceed 46 deg C.

Toxicity Hazards: Acute Oral Toxicity: Rat: LD50: 217mg/kg (male) 146mg/kg (female)

Acute Dermal Toxicity: Rabbit: LD50: > 2,000 mg/kg

Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Rat: LC50 (4 h): > 2.88 mg/l

Skin Irritation: Rabbit: Slightly irritating, Eye Irritation: Rabbit: Mildly irritating

10.3.2.4 Alphamethrin 10% EC Health Hazards: Toxic if swallowed.May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Causes skin irritation.May cause

an allergic skin reaction. Causes serious eye damage. Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory

irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. May cause damage to organs (Peripheral nervous

system) through prolonged or repeated exposure.Very toxic to aquatic life. Very toxic to aquatic

life with long lasting effects.

Fire & Explosion Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapour



Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture carbon monoxide, Hydrogen chloride,

Hydrogen cyanide, Carbon dioxide, organochloric compounds The substances/groups of

substances mentioned can be released in case of fire.

Flash point: approx. 44 °C

Stability & Reactvity hazards: Reactivity:No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.

Chemical stability:The product is stable if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.

Possibility of hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as

prescribed/indicated.

Incompatible materials Substances to avoid: strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents

Toxicity Hazards: Acute toxicity Assessment of acute toxicity: Of high toxicity after single ingestion. Of moderate toxicity

after short-term inhalation. Virtually nontoxic after a single skin contact.

Experimental/calculated data: LD50 rat (oral): > 210 - < 1,050 mg/kg (OECD Guideline 425)

LC50 rat (by inhalation): 1.96 mg/l 4 h (OECD Guideline 403) The product has not been tested. The

statement has been derived from substances/products of a similar structure or composition.

LD50 rat (dermal): > 5,000 mg/kg (OECD Guideline 402) No mortality was observed. Irritation

Assessment of irritating effects: May cause severe damage to the eyes. Skin contact causes irritation

10.3.2.5 Atrazin Technical

Health Hazards: May be harmful if swallowed. Causes mild eye irritation

ACGIH TLV: 5 mg/m³ TWA

Fire Hazards: Combustible powder.

Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards

During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or

combustion.

This material is capable of forming flammable dust clouds in air, which, if ignited, can produce a dust

cloud explosion. Flames,hot surfaces, mechanical sparks and electrostatic discharges can serve as

ignition sources for this material. Electrical equipment should be compatible with the flammability

characteristics of this material. The flammability characteristics will be made worse if the material

contains traces of flammable solvents or is handled in the presence of flammable solvents.



Toxicity Hazards:

Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies (Finished Product)

Reproductive/Developmental Effects

Ingestion: Oral (LD50 Female Rat): 3129 mg/kg body weight

Dermal: Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) :> 5050 mg/kg body weight

Inhalation: Inhalation (LC50 Rat) : > 2.5 mg/l air - 4 hours

Eye Contact: Minimally Irritating (Rabbit)

Skin Contact: Non-Irritating (Rabbit)

Skin Sensitization: Not a Sensitizer (Guinea Pig)

10.3.2.6 Bifenthrin Technical Health Hazards: Solid material Fatal if swallowed. May cause an allergic skin reaction.Toxic if inhaled.Suspected of causing

cancer. Causes damage to organs {nervous system} through prolonged or repeated exposure. Very

toxic to aquatic life. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Adverse Human Health Effects and Symptoms:

Causes damage to organs {nervoius system} through prolonged or repeated exposure. Material

may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.May be harmful by skin

absorption. May cause an allergic skin reaction. May cause eye, skin, or respiratory system

irritation.

Fire & Explosion Hazards: Flammable Properties :No data available.

Stability & Reactvity hazards: Incompatibility - Materials strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride

hydrogen fluoride

Toxicity Hazards: Information on Toxicological Effects: The toxicological effects of this product have not been

thoroughly studied. Bifenthrin - Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 54500 ug/kg; Intraperitoneal

TDLO (mouse): 112.7 mg/kg/28D (intermittent);

Chronic Toxicological Effects: Bifenthrin - Investigated as an agricultural chemical and mutagen.

and hydrogen fluoride.

Toxicity Hazards: Dermal: LD50: > 2,000 mg/kg (rabbit), Oral: LD50: 53.4 mg/kg (rat)

Inhalation: LC50: 0.8 mg/l (4 h) (rat)



Sensitization: This product produces skin sensitization (allergic reaction) in laboratory animals, and

may produce similar effects in humans.

10.3.2.7 Buprofezin Technical

Health Hazards: More important danger for the man: It is not inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase, but

it is Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors.

Environment Hazard: Dangers for the environment: Because the chemical itself is very specific to the

certain insects, it is very safe to the natural enemies and the other beneficial insects.

Physical-chemical dangers: None

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: fire and high temperature

Products to avoid: highly alkaline materials.

Thermal decomposition: Hazardous decomposition products: not applicable

Toxicological Information

Contact with the skin: Not irritating to skin. Contact with the eyes: Not irritating to eye.

Inhalation: Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >4.57 mg/l air.

Acute toxicity: Oral Acute oral LD50 for male rats 2198, female rats 2355, male and female mice >10

000 mg/kg. Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Mild skin irritant (guinea pigs). NOEL

for male rats 0.90, female rats 1.12 mg/kg daily. ADI (JMPR) 0.01 mg/kg.

10.3.2.8 N-Butyl Alcohol

Health Hazards:

Hazards description The substance may cause permanent eye damages and by skin contact irritation

and dehydration. Vapours are irritating to the respiratory system and also affects the central nervous

system which may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Early symptoms of exposure may include fatigue

and headache.

Causes serious eye damage and respiratory & skin irritation. Harmful if swallowed. May cause

drowsiness or dizziness.

Fire Hazards: The substance is a flammable liquid and may form explosive air/vapour mixtures.

Vapours may spread along floors and be ignited by electrostatic charges.



Reactivity hazards: The substance is an alcohol. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base

behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. esters through

condensation reactions. The substance may be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones.

Possibility of hazardous reactions Reacts with: Oxidizing substances, Strong acids. Reacts with

ethylene carbonate to form butyl cellosolve (highly toxic). Reacts with nitrous acid to form butyl

nitrite (toxic). Reacts with ammonia to produce toxic Butyl amine. 10.4. Conditions to avoid Keep

away from heat, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition (i.e., pilot lights, electric motors and

static electricity). 10.5. Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents. Attacks plastic and rubber

10.3.2.9 Carbendazim Technical Health Hazards: Possible risk of irreversible effects.

Fire Hazards: Flash point: non-inflammable

Reactivity & Stability Hazards: Stability: Decomposes at melting point. Stable for at least 2 year

below 50 Deg C. Slowly decomposed in alkaline solution (22Deg C) DT50 >350 d(pH 5 and pH 7),

124 d (pH 9). Stable in acids, forming water-soluble salts.

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Incompatible with alkaline materials

Hazardous reaction: The substance decomposes slowly on contact with bases.

Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50: rat >15000mg/kg; dog >2500mg/kg

Acute dermal LD50: rabbit >10000mg/kg; rat >2000mg/kg

Contact with the skin: no irritant to skin, Contact with the eyes: Not irritant to eyes.

Inhalation: LC50 (4 h) for rats 300 mg/kg diet; Evaporation at 20℃ is negligible; a harmful

concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed,

especially if powdered

10.3.2.10 Carbofuron Technical Potential Health Effects: Effects from overexposure result from either swallowing or absorption

through the skin and may result from breathing the dust. Conditions of increased temperature and

humidity may aid skin absorption of this product, and therefore, increase toxicity.

Moderately toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Keep out of drains and water courses. Moderate oral

toxicity.



Fire Hazards: Purple granules with a slightly phenolic odor. Slightly combustible. May support

combustion at elevated temperatures. Degrades at temperatures above 130℃. Thermal decomposition

and burning may form toxic by-products.

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions/Materials to Avoid (Incompatibility): Excessive heat and fire.

Toxicity Hazards: Rat Acute Oral: LD50 = 167 mg/kg Rabbit Acute Dermal: LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Rat Acute Inhalation: LC50 = 1.18 mg/L/4 hr Reproductive effects: Consuming high doses over long

periods of time caused damage to testes in dogs, but carbofuran did not have any reproductive effects

on rats or mice. Available studies indicate carbofuran is unlikely to cause reproductive effects in

humans at expected exposure levels.

10.3.2.11 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. Toxic to bees.

Very toxic to aquatic organisms may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Likely routes of exposure: Ingestion, skin and eye contact.

Main hazard: Cartap is moderately toxic to mammals on acute exposure by several routes of

administration.

Acute oral LD50: (calculated ): 650 mg/kg.

Acute dermal LD50: (calculated): > 2 000 mg/kg.

Acute inhalation LC50: Technical: LC50 rats: > 0,54 mg/l/6 hours

Acute skin irritation: Not irritant. Acute eye irritation: Not irritant

10.3.2.12 Chlorpyriphos Technical Health Hazards: Cholinesterase inhibitor；may be fatal if swallowed.Harmful if absorbed through

skin or inhaled. Causes moderate eye irritation.Avoid breathing product vapors or dust.Avoid contact

with yes，skin or clothing.

Potential Health Effects: Eye：maybe injure eye tissue if not removed promptly Skin：harmful if

absorbed through the skin.Large exposures could be fatal.Ingestion:may be fatal if swallowed.

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: fire, heat and high temperature

Hazardous decomposition products: oxides of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and phoshorous.

Toxicity Hazaeds:Acute oral LD50 for rat：82 mg/kg

Acute dermal LD50 for rat: 203 mg/kg, Inhalation LD50 (4h) for rat: 630mg/m3



Chronic toxicity: Repeated or prolonged exposure to organophosphates may result in the same

effects as acute exposure including the delayed symptoms.

10.3.2.13 Carbosulfan Technical Health Hazards: Harmful by inhalation.

Enironment Hazards: Toxic to aquatic organisms.May cause long-term adverse effects in the

environment.

Reactivity Hazards: Materials to avoid: Strong acids

Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral toxicity: LD50 rat, Dose: > 1,257.9 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity: LD50 rabbit, Dose: > 2,000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity: LC50 rat, Exposure time: 4 h, Dose: 0.34 mg/l

Skin irritation: Classification: No skin irritation, Eye irritation: Classification: No eye irritation

Sensitization: Classification: Not sensitizing to skin.

10.3.2.14 Clodinafop- Propargyl 15% WP

Health Hazards: Snow white color fine powder

Symptoms of Acute Exposure Causes irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Skin allergies

are possible. Exposure to high vapor levels may cause headache, dizziness, numbness, nausea,

incoordination, or other central nervous system effects.

Fire Hazards:

Specific hazards: If involved in a fire, it will emit hydrogen chloride and possibly organo chlorine

compounds.

Reactivity & Stability Hazards:

Incompatibility : Strong oxidizers, strong acids, alkalis.

Polymerization : Polymerization will not occur Hazardous decomposition : May decompose at high

temperatures to form toxic gases.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute oral toxicity : > 2 000 mg/kg Acute inhalation toxicity: > 3 500 mg/cm³ Acute dermal toxicity:

> 4 000 mg/kg Skin irritation: Moderate irritant Eye irritation: Moderate irritant Sensitization:

Potential skin sensitizer



10.3.2.15 Chlormequat Chloride 50% Solution

Yellowish to brown liquid.

Health Hazards: May cause eye/skin irritation .May be harmful if swallowed

Fire Hazards: No Fire hazards. Hazards during fire-fighting: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide,

carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides,


Conditions to avoid: Avoid all sources of ignition: heat, sparks, and open flame. Avoid prolonged

storage. Avoid electro-static discharge. Avoid contamination. Avoid prolonged exposure to extreme

heat. Avoid extreme temperatures.

Substances to avoid: strong bases, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.

Decomposition products: Hazardous decomposition products: No hazardous decomposition products

if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated. Thermal decomposition: 140 °C, 2 K/min.

Corrosion to metals: Corrosive effect on: aluminum mild steel Corrosion rate > 6.25 mm/a using

7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6. Oxidizing properties: not fire-propagating (calculated).

Toxicity Hazards:

LD50/oral/rat = 300 - 2000 mg/kg LD50/dermal/rat = > 2000 mg/kg LC50/inhalation/4h/rat = > 5.32

mg/l

Eye irritation :No eye irritation

Skin irritation:Non-irritating to the skin

Sensitization: No sensitization responses were observed

Mutagenic effects did not show mutagenic effects in animal experiments

Reproductive Toxicity: No toxicity to reproduction Carcinogenic effects did not show carcinogenic

effects in animal experiments

10.3.2.16 Copper Oxy Chloride Technical

Health Hazards: EYE: Moderate eye irritant. May cause allergic conjunctivitis.

SKIN: Moderate skin irritant. May cause allergic irritation.INGESTION: Harmful if swallowed

INHALATION: May cause irritation of the nose and throat and cause coughing and chest

discomfort.

SYSTEMIC (other target organ): No data available



Fire Hazards: If involves in fire, oxides of copper, hydrogen chloride may be produced.

Reactivity Hazards: Strong Acids.

Toxicity Hazards: Oral LD50 (Rat): 700 – 800 mg/kg.Dermal LD50 (Rat): > 2000 mg/kg,

Inhalation LC50 (Rat): > 30 (4h) mg/L

10.3.2.17 Cypermethrin MajorHealthHazards:The onset of symptoms varies depending upon such factors as the route of

absorption and quantity involved. Inpatients with occupational poisoning, skin symptoms. Usually

develop within 4-6 hours after exposure, with systemic symptoms occurring as late as 48 Hours after

exposure. Paraesthesia of the facial skin can develop approximately 30minutes after Exposure and

does not usually last beyond 24hours when exposure is terminated. Following ingestion, the initial

symptoms involve the gastrointestinal tract, developing 10-60 minutes after exposure. Patients

suffering from acute oral poisoning usually develop prominent digestive symptoms such as epigastric

pain, nausea and vomiting.

Fire Hazards: The substance decomposes on heating above 220℃, producing toxic fumes including

hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride.

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: avoid high temperature and flame; Products to avoid:

alkaline pesticides; Thermal decomposition: 150～300℃; Hazardous decomposition products:

hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride.

Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50: rat 250-4150mg/kg Acute dermal LD50: rat >4920mg/kg

Contact with the skin: slight irritation to skin of rabbit; Contact with the eyes: slight irritation to eyes

of rabbit;

Carcinogenic effects: EPA has classified cypermethrin as a possible human carcinogen because

available information is inconclusive. It caused benign lung tumors in female mice at the highest dose

tested (229 mg/kg/day); however, no tumors occurred in rats given high doses of up to 75 mg/kg/day.

10.3.2.18 Cyhalofop Butyl 10% EC

Health hazards: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.Very toxic to

aquatic life.Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Toxicity: Acute toxicity: 1) Acute oral LD50 for rat: >5000 a.i.mg/kg.

2) Acute dermal LD50 for rat: >2000 a.i.mg/kg.



3) Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rat: >5.63 a.i.mg/L.

4) Not irritant to skin (rabbits). 5) Slightly irritating to eyes (rabbits). 6) Not sensitising

(guinea pig).

10.3.2.19 Cyfluthrin 5% EW

Health hazards: Fatal if swallowed.Toxic if inhaled.Very toxic to aquatic life.Very toxic to aquatic

life with long lasting effects.

ACGIH TLV: CEIL: 5 mg/m3 (salts)

Fire Hazards: No data available

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen cyanide

hyddrogen fluoride nitrogen oxides phosgene

Toxicity Hazards: No data available

10.3.2.20 Cyclohexanone Health Hazards: Inhalation: OEL: 1000 ppm, may cause Narcosis and dealth. Exposure above 80

ppm is already irritating for eyes, throat and respiratory tract.

Ingestion: Gastrointestinal tract irritation. Can be fatal if ingested from 10ml or more.

Skin contact: Moderate irritation and discomfort possible. Defatting of skin, redness and chemical

dermatitis possible. Toxic systemic effects from absorption are possible.

Eye Contact: Severe irritation and discomfort. Reversible and/or irreversible corneal damage may

occur.

Fire Hazards: Auto-Ignition Temperature: 420°C (788°F) Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 43.889°C

(111°F). OPEN CUP: 46°C (114.8°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.1% UPPER: 9.4% Products of

Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).

Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks,

of heat

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatible materials

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Incompatible with amines, nitric acid and other strong acids,

strongt alkalies (bases) such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, strong oxidizing agents



(perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, nitrates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine)

Cyclohexanone can react vigorously with strong oxidizing materials.

10.3.2.21 CIX Solvent

Potential Acute Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact

(irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye

contact (corrosive). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous

membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the

spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or

shortness of breath. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin

inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.

Primary Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact/absorption, eye contact, and ingestion.

General Acute Exposure: Liquid, mist, or vapours can cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract

irritation and Central Nervous System (CNS) depression.

Fire Hazards: Hazardous Combustion Products: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide.

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Forms peroxides of unknown stability. It is combustible.

Prevention of Fire and Explosion: Keep away from heat and flame. Keep away from contact with

oxidizing materials. Minimize exposure to air. After opening, purge container with nitrogen before

reclosing. If peroxide formation is suspected, do not open or move container. Do not distill to near

dryness.

Addition of water or appropriate reducing materials will lessen peroxide formation.

Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable. Use caution when storing or processing material above 12.3

°C. Forms peroxides of unknown stability.

Incompatibility: Material reacts with strong oxidizing agents.

Toxicity Hazards: Acute toxicity data, if available, are listed below.

Oral LD-50:(rat) 1,746 mg/kg, Oral LD-50:(mouse) 1,519 mg/kg

Oral LD-50:(guinea pig) 1,414 mg/kg, Inhalation LC-50: (mouse) 7 h: 700 ppm

Inhalation LC-50: (female guinea pig) 1 h: > 633 ppm (highest concentration tested)

10.3.2.22 Deltamethrin Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed. Causes moderate eye irritation & is extremely toxic to fish.



Fire Hazards: Hazards from combustion products: Heating/combustion will generate oxides of

carbon and nitrogen, and other irritant and toxic fumes.

Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility: Incompatible with acids, alkalies, strong oxidising agents.

Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat

Toxicological Information:

Acute:Oral toxicity: LD50 rat: 1965 mg/kg, Dermal toxicity: LD50 rat: > 2000 mg/kg

Inhalation toxicity: N/A, Skin irritation: Not irritating – rabbit

Eye irritation: Irritating – rabbit, Sensitisation: Not sensitising - guinea pig

Reproductive Effects: A reproductive 3-generation study in rats reported a reproductive NOEL to be

greater than 2.5 mg/kg/day. Levels tested were 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg/day.

Oral administration of deltamethrin to mice on days 7 to 16 of gestation produced a dosage-related

reduction of weight gain but no effect on the number of implants, fetal mortality, fetal weight or

malformations.

10.3.2.23 Dichlorvos Warning Statements: This product is an organophosphate (cholinesterase- inhibiting) insecticide.

Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers, acids, bases.

Conditions to Avoid: Extreme heat, sparks and open flame.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: CO2, CO, NOx, phosphorus containing compounds and other

unknown hazardous material may be formed in a fire situation. Incomplete combustion may lead to

formation of carbon monoxide and/or other asphyxiants.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute Oral LD50 (rat): (Dichlorvos (DDVP) technical) 56 mg/kg

Eye Irritation (rabbit): May cause eye irritation.

Inhalation LC50 (rat): 140mg/m3 (whole body, mist).

Acute Dermal LD 50 (rabbit): (Dichlorvos Technical): 205 mg/kg

Skin Irritation (rabbit): Caused mild irritation.

Ingestion: May cause stomach distress, nausea or vomiting.

Mutagenic effects: Dichlorvos can bind to molecules such as DNA. For this reason, there has been

extensive testing of dichlorvos for mutagenicity. Several studies have shown dichlorvos to be a

mutagen; for example, dichlorvos is reported positive in the Ames mutagenicity assay and in other



tests involving bacterial or animal cell cultures. However, no evidence of mutagenicity has been

found in tests performed on live animals. Its lack of mutagenicity in live animals may be due to rapid

metabolism and excretion. Organ toxicity: Dichlorvos primarily affects the nervous system through

cholinesterase inhibition, the blockage of an enzyme required for proper nerve functioning.

10.3.2.24 Difenoconozole

Symptoms of Acute Exposure: May cause eye irritation.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.

Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards: During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases

may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.

10.3.2.25 N.N Dimethyl Formamide

Clear, colorless liquid. Odor: Fishy, pungent.

Health Hazards: Causes eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. May cause gastrointestinal irritation

with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. May cause kidney damage. May cause liver damage. Causes

respiratory tract irritation. Possible cancer hazard based on tests with laboratory animals. Prolonged

or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. May cause reproductive and foetal effects.

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm (TWA) skin.

Ventilation System:

A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the

Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the

emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.

Fire Hazards: Flash point: 58 Deg C. Auto-ignition temperature: 445 Deg C.

Flammable limits in air % by volume: LEL 2.2; UEL 15.2

Flammable Liquid and Vapor!

Explosion: Above the flash point, explosive vapor-air mixtures may be formed. Vapors can flow

along surfaces to distant ignition source and flash back. Sealed containers may rupture when heated.

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire. Sensitive to static discharge.

Reactivity Hazards: Mechanical shock,



incompatible materials, ignition sources, excess heat, temperatures above 55 Deg C Acids, oxidizers,

halogenated materials, nitrates, chloroformates, reducing agents, chlorine, bromine, potassium

permanganate

Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form ammonia, carbon oxides, amines, and nitrogen

oxides when heated to decomposition. Above 350 Deg C, DMF begins to degrade with formation of

Dimethyl amine and carbon monoxide.

Incompatibilities: Bromine, carbon tetrachloride, chromic anhydride, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole,

Phosphorus Oxychloride, Hexa chloro benzene, magnesium nitrate, Methylene diisocyanate,

phosphorus trioxide, Triethyl aluminum, organic nitrates, acidic and alkaline materials, and other

halogenated compounds. Contact with iron or

strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions; may react violently with alkyl aluminums.

Methylene diisocyanate can polymerize violently on contact with DMF.

Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.

10.3.2.26 Demethyl Sulfoxide

Health Hazards:Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. May cause allergic reaction in sensitive

individuals. Causes irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes irritation to skin. A good solvent; may result in the increased skin absorption of other more

toxic materials. Causes irritation, redness, and pain. May cause blurred vision.

Topical application enhances dermal absorption of many other chemicals, including drugs and

allergens of moderate molecular weight.

250-USA Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEEL)

Fire Hazards: Combustible

Flash point: 89 Deg C, LEL:3.0 to 3.5 % V/V UEL: 42 to 63 v/v, AIT: 300 to 302 Deg C

Reactivity Hazards:

Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available

Conditions to avoid: Heat, flames and sparks.

Materials to avoid: Acid chlorides, Phosphorus halides, Strong acids, Strong oxidizing agents,

Strong reducing agents



Hazardous decomposition products: Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire

conditions. - Carbon oxides, Sulphur oxides

10.3.2.27 Emamectin Benzoate Technical

Symptoms of Acute Exposure: Causes eye and skin irritation. Inhalation can cause irritation

to the respiratory tract and can result in chemical pneumonitis if aspirated. Ingestion results

in central nervous system effects such as muscle tremors, decreased activity, ataxia

(unsteadiness or incoordination), and dilated pupils (mydriasis).

Fire Hazards: Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming

toxic gases.

Conditions to Avoid: Heat and light.

Toxicity Hazards: Ingestion: Oral (LD50 Rat): = 1,516 mg/kg body weight

Dermal: Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) :> 2,000 mg/kg body weight

Inhalation: Inhalation (LC50 Rat) : Not Available

10.3.2.28 Epichlorohydrin

Health Hazards:

Acute Health Hazards: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of

ingestion, of inhalation (lung irritant). Corrosive to skin and eyes on contact. Liquid or spray mist

may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract.

Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist may produce severe irritation of

respiratory tract.

Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified + (PROVEN) by OSHA+

(PROVEN) by NIOSH. Classified A3 (Proven for animal.) by ACGIH. Classified 2A (Probable for

human.) by IARC, 2 (Reasonably anticipated.) by NTP. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Classified

POSSIBLE for human.

The substance is toxic to kidneys, lungs, liver, skin.

Exposure Limits: United States: TWA: 0.5 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) SKIN United States: TWA:

0.5 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL)



Fire & Explosion Hazards:

Flammability of the Product: Flammable. Auto-Ignition Temperature: 411°C (771.8°F) Flash Points:

CLOSED CUP: 31°C (87.8°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 3.8% UPPER: 21% Products of

Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2). Fire Hazards in Presence of Various

Substances: Flammable in presence of shocks, of heat.

Storage Hazards: Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room.

Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a

cool, well-ventilated place. Ground all equipment containing material. A refrigerated room would be

preferable for materials with a flash point lower than 37.8°C.

Stability and Reactivity Hazards:

Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with acids, alkalis.

Special Remarks on Reactivity: Explosive reactions with aniline, Trichloro chloro ethylene,

potassium tert-butoxide, sulfuric acid or Isopropyl amine

10.3.2.29 Fipronil Technical

May irritate eyes and skin. Not flammable.

Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and fire

Hazardous decomposition products: Thermal decomposition may produce toxic by-products of

carbon and nitrogen.

Toxicological Information

Acute InhalationLC50 (rat): 0.682mg/l

Acute oral LD50 (rat) : 97mg/kg

Acute dermal LD50 (rat) : >2000mg/kg

Skin contact: May irritate the skin – not classified as an irritant.

10.3.2.30 Formaldehyde

Potential Health Effects:

The perception of formaldehyde by odor and eye irritation becomes less sensitive with time as one

adapts to formaldehyde. This can lead to overexposure if a worker is relying on formaldehyde's

warning properties to alert him or her to the potential for exposure.



Inhalation: May cause sore throat, coughing, and shortness of breath. Causes irritation and

sensitization of the respiratory tract. Concentrations of 25 to 30 ppm cause severe respiratory tract

injury leading to pulmonary edema and pneumonitis.

Ingestion: Can cause severe abdominal pain, violent vomiting, headache, and diarrhea. Larger doses

may produce decreased body temperature, pain in the digestive tract, shallow respiration, weak

irregular pulse, unconsciousness and death. Methanol component affects the optic nerve and may

cause blindness.

Skin Contact: Toxic. May cause irritation to skin with redness, pain, and possibly burns. Skin

absorption may occur with symptoms paralleling those from ingestion. Formaldehyde is a severe skin

irritant and sensitizer. Contact causes white discoloration, smarting, cracking and scaling.

Eye Contact: Vapors cause irritation to the eyes with redness, pain, and blurred vision. Higher

concentrations or splashes may cause irreversible eye damage.

Chronic Exposure: Frequent or prolonged exposure to formaldehyde may cause hypersensitivity

leading to contact dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with formaldehyde may cause an

allergic reaction in some people. Vision impairment and enlargement of liver may occur from

methanol component. Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen (positive animal inhalation studies).

Fire Hazards: Flash point: 60 Deg C , Auto-ignition temperature: 300 Deg C

Flammable limits in air % by volume: LEL: 7.0; UEL: 73

Flammable liquid and vapor! Gas vaporizes readily from solution and is flammable in air.

Explosion: Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above.

Containers may explode when involved in a fire.

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):0.3 ppm Ceiling formaldehyde, Sensitizer, A2 Suspected

Human Carcinogen 200 ppm (TWA) 250 ppm (STEL) skin for methanol

Reactivity Hazards:

Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and

formaldehyde when heated to decomposition.

Hazardous Polymerization: Trioxymethylene precipitate can be formed on long standing at very

low temperatures. Nonhazardous

polymerization may occur at low temperatures, forming Paraformaldehyde, a white solid.



Incompatibilities: Incompatible with oxidizing agents and alkalis. Reacts explosively with nitrogen

dioxide at ca. 180 Deg C . Reacts violently with Perchloric acid, Perchloric acid-aniline mixtures, and

Nitromethane.

Reaction with hydrochloric acid may form bis-Chloromethyl ether, an OSHA regulated carcinogen.

Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles

10.3.2.31 Gibberallic Acid Technical

This is expected to be a low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause eye and skin irritation.

May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. Target Organs: None.

Potential Health Effects:

Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation.

Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.

Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Low hazard for usual industrial handling.

Chronic: None

Fire Hazards: During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal

decomposition or combustion.

NFPA Rating: health: 1; flammability: 0; instability: 0;

Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and

handling conditions.

Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, incompatible materials, dust generation, excess heat.

Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Solutions containing chlorine.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

Toxicity Hazards: LD50/LC50: Oral, rat: LD50 = 6300 mg/kg; Skin, rabbit: LD50 = >2 gm/kg;

Carcinogenicity: Gibberellic acid - Not listed as a carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC

10.3.2.32 Glyphostate Technical & Glyphostate 36 % SL &41% SL

Causes severe eye irritation and is corrosive to eye tissue. Causes skin irritation. May be harmful if

absorbed through skin. Inhalation of dust can cause irritation of nose, throat and lungs.

TLV:10 mg/m3

TWA (ACHIH) Target Organs: Eyes, skin, mucosal membranes, lungs, and cardiovascular system.



Potential Health Effects: Eye: Causes severe eye irritation and irreversible effects to eye tissue.

Severity depends on the amount and duration of exposure.

Skin: May be absorbed through the skin. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause skin irritation.

Severity of the irritation depends on the amount and duration of exposure.

Ingestion: Low acute oral toxicity. May be harmful if ingested.

Inhalation: Low acute inhalation toxicity. Exposure to dust may cause irritation to the respiratory

tract.

Chronic: Long-term studies in laboratory animals indicated effects in the liver and kidneys. High

levels of exposure can cause irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). There was no evidence of

carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in laboratory studies.

Fire Hazards: Flash Point: Not available. Flammability Limits: Not available.

Storage Hazards: Storage: Do not allow contact with metals. Keep away from sources of ignition.

This product may present a dust explosion hazard. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed

container.

Stability & Rectivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Incompatibility (Material to Avoid): Strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases and metals (e. g. iron).

Hazardous decomposition or By-products: Carbon mono-oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides

and phosphor oxides.

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

Conditions to Avoid: stored at temperature 40 C or less and in a dry and ventilated place. At

elevated temperature or in wet conditions, this material may lead to cake or decomposition.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute Oral, rat: LD50

>5000mg/kg; Acute Dermal, rabbit: LD50

>2000 mg/kg;

Inhalation, rat: LC50

> 1500 mg/m3 (4H);

Eye irritation: slightly irritation - corrosive to eye tissue; Skin irritation, rabbit: slight irritation;

Skin sensitization, guinea pig: not a sensitizer.

10.3.2.33 Hexaconozole Technical

Health Hazards: Primary Route of Entry: Inhalation, absorption sking contact

Fire Hazards: Flammable Limits: Not Available



Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Thermal decomposition (e.g. fire) may produce carbon

monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides

Toxicity Hazards: Acute oral LD50 (rat): male 2189mg/kg, female 6071mg.kg

Dermal LD50 (rat): >2000mg/kg, Inhalation LC50 (4h): >5.9mg/l

Skin irritantion: no irritantion for rabbit. Eye irritantion: moderate irritantion for rabbit

Carcinogenic effects: Available evidence suggests that Hexaconazole is not carcinogenic

10.3.2.34 Hydrochloric Acid 36% DM Grade

Health Hazards: Corrosive! Inhalation of vapors can cause coughing, choking, inflammation of

the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. Swallowing hydrochloric acid can cause immediate

pain and burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Can cause redness, pain,

and severe skin burns. Concentrated solutions cause deep ulcers and discolor skin. Vapors are

irritating and may cause damage to the eyes. Contact may cause severe burns and permanent eye

damage.

Chemical Hazards: Containers may burst when heated. Hazardous Decomposition Products : When

heated to decomposition, emits toxic hydrogen chloride fumes and will react with water or steam to

produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Thermal oxidative decomposition produces toxic

chlorine fumes and explosive hydrogen gas.

Incompatibilities: A strong mineral acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid is incompatible with many

substances and highly reactive with strong bases, metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, amines,

carbonates and other alkaline materials.

Incompatible with materials such as cyanides, Sulfides, sulphites, and Formaldehyde

10.3.2.35 Indoxacarb Technical

Health Hazards:Eyes: May cause mild eye irritation with tearing, pain or blurred vision.

Skin: May cause slight skin irritation with itching, redness or swelling. Avoid contact with skin. Not

classified as hazardous according to the criteria of NOHSC.

Inhalation: May cause irritation of the upper respiratory passages with coughing and discomfort. Not

classified as hazardous according to the criteria of NOHSC.

Ingestion: Ingestion of large amounts may cause alterations in blood cell counts and/or anemia.

Hazardous if swallowed according to the criteria of NOHSC.



Toxicity Data:

Oral LD50 (male rat): 1867 mg/kg, Oral LD50 (female rat): 687 mg/kg

Dermal LD50 (rats): > 5000 mg/kg , 4 hr inhalation LC50 (rat): > 5.6 mg/L

Exposure Standard: PEL (OSHA): 15 mg/m3 TWA, Total dust: 5 mg/ m

3.TWA respirable dust

10.3.2.36 Imidacloprid Technical & Imidacloprid 70 % WDG

Fire Hazards: None


Conditions to avoid: Flame, fire and high temperature.

Products to avoid: Incompatible with alkaline pesticides

Thermal decomposition: Not applicable

Hazardous decomposition products: Nitride, chloride, carbon dioxide and so on.

Toxicity Hazards: Contact with the skin: Not irritant to skin

Contact with the eyes: Not irritant to eye.

Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning: Although no account of human poisoning was found in the

literature, signs and symptoms of poisoning would be expected to be similar to 4nicotinic signs and

symptoms, including fatigue, twitching, cramps, and muscle weakness including the muscles

necessary for breathing.

10.3.2.37 Lambdacyhlothrin Technical

Health Hazards: Symptoms of acute exposure: May cause mild eye and skin irritation. Toxic if

swallowed or

absorbed through the skin. Exposure to high vapor vapor levels may cause headache,dizziness,

numbness, nausea, incoordination, or other central nervous system effects.May cause temporary

itching, tingling, lurning or numbness of exposed skin, called paresthesia.

Hazardous decomposition products: Can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.

Storage Hazards: Keep away from heat, spark, open flame and incompatible materials. (Strong

oxidizing agents). Protect containers against physical damage.


Acute oral LD50 for male rats 79, female rats 56, mice 20 mg/kg., Acute dermal LD50 for rats 632-

696 mg/kg



Inhalation LC50 (4 h) 0.06 mg/l air (total particulate), Moderate eye irritant (rabbits).

Not skin irritant (rabbits)., Non-sensitizer (guinea pigs)

10.3.2.38 Lufenuron Technical

Health Hazards: Toxicity: This product is slightly hazardous (WHO Hazard Class III)

Ingestion: LOW TOXICITY-Tests on rats indicate a low toxicity following single doses of the undiluted

product.(LD50 >3000 mg/kg)

Skin: Dermal absorption:LOW TOXICITY - Tests on rats indicate a low toxicity due to skin contact with the

undiluted product.(LD50 >4000 mg/kg)

Inhalation: LOW TOXICITY-Tests on rats indicate an low toxicity due to inhalation of the undiluted

product.(LC50 (4 h) >5300 mg/m3)

Irritation: Eye & Skin: Strong Irritant

Sensitization: Sensitiser-Skin: (guinea pigs)- NON-SENSITISER

Poisoning symptoms: No case of human poisoning is on record.

CHRONIC (Active Ingredient)-Lufenuron technical has been extensively tested on laboratory mammals and

in test tube systems. No evidence of mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic or reproductive effects were

obtained.

Storage Hazards: Avoid storage in temperatures below -10°C and above 35°C.

Fire Hazards: This product is flammable. During a fire this product may release smoke and hazardous

decomposition products.

10.3.2.39 Malathion Technical Health Hazards: Cholinesterase inhibitor.Harmful if swallowed. Harmful if absorbed through skin or

inhaled.Causes slight eye irritation.Avoid breathing product vapors or spray mist. Avoid contact with eyes,

skin or clothing.

Inhalation: Malathion is a cholinesterase inhibitor of low mammalian toxicity. However storage at too high

temperatures may induce formation of the much more toxic and synergistic contaminant isomalathion.

Malathion and isomalathion can affect you when breathed in and can cause organophosphorous poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning may include headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, tightness in chest, drooling,

frothing of mouth and nose, convulsions, coma and death.

Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 162 Deg C. Alert medical personnel to be ready to treat for pesticide poisoning,

should treatment be necessary

Reactivity Hazards: Relatively stable in neutral aqueous media. Decomposed by strong acid and alkali;

hydrolysis DT50

107 d (pH 5), 0.5 d (pH 9) (all 25°C)



Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and sparks. Avoid contact with iron, strong alkali and storage above 120°F.

Incompatibility with other materials: Incompatible with alkaline materials and strong oxidizers.

Toxicity Hazards: Oral: LD50

for Rats (M): 1375-5500 mg/kg.

LD50

for mice: 775-3320 mg/kg. Dermal: LD50

for Rats: > 2000 mg/kg

LD50

for Rabbits: 4100-8800 mg/kg. Inhalation: LC50

(4h) for Rats > 5.2 mg/l air.

10.3.2.40 Mancozeb Technical Health Hazards: More important danger for the man: none

Dangers for the environment: toxic to fish. Physical-chemical dangers: none.

Storage Hazards: Do not store in direct, hot sunlight.

Stability and Reactivity: Conditions to avoid: heat, water and fire

Products to avoid: oxidizers. Thermal decomposition: no determined

Hazardous decomposition products: oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, ethylene thiourea, and carbon

disulfide.

Hazardous reaction: will not occur


Contact with the skin: Contact can cause skin irritation. Contact with the eyes: can cause eye skin

irritation.

Inhalation: Inhalation can cause irritation of nose and throat.

Ingestion: Ingestion can cause temporary CNS depression, drowsiness, and changes in the liver and

weight loss.

Sharp toxicity: none. Effects for chronic oxhibition: Mancozeb was not carcinogenic in a two year

feeding study in rats at 250 ppm. In long-term feeding studies, some dithiocarbamates have induced

carcinogenicity and birth defects at high dietary intake levels.

Sensisation: none

Acute toxicity:Acute oral: LD50 acute oral rat:>5000 mg/kg,

Acute dermal: LD50 acute dermal rat: >10000 mg/kg

Inhalation toxicity: not applicable, Skin irritation: non-irritant to skin, Eye irritation: slight irritant to

eye



10.3.2.41 Metalaxyl Technical

Health Hazards: Symptoms of Acute Exposure: May cause eye irritation

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Can decompose at high temperature forming toxic gases

Fire Hazards: Flash point : >40 C, Flammability: Combustible Liquid

Toxicity Hazards:

Carcinogenicity Potential: None Observed

Reproductive Hazard Potential: None Observed

Mutagenic Potential: None observed

Chronic exposure: Liver effects at high dose levels

10.3.2.42 Metsulfuron Methyl Technical

Classification of risks of the chemical product:Dangers for the health of the people ,Effects of one on

acute exposure (short time): Information non-available

Inhalation: May be a mechanical irritant.

Contact with the skin: Repeated dermal contact with the active ingredient may cause skin irritation

with itching, burning, redness, swelling or rash.

Contact with the eyes: May cause eye irritation with tearing, pain or blurred vision.

Effects of one on chronic exhibition (long time): Information non-available.

Dangers for the environment: To avoid that the product reaches the water obstacles

Dangers special are of the product: None if it is used suitably.

Fire Hazards: Flashpoint: Not highly flammable, will burn if involved in a fire. Vapors may be

heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas.

Stability and Reactivity Hazards: Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Stability conditions to avoid: Excess heat, and incompatible materials.

Incompatibilities with other material: None reasonably foreseeable

Hazardous Decomposition products: Under fire conditions may produce gases such as oxides of

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.

Toxicological Information: Skin irritation: Non-irritating to rabbit, Eye irritation: Slightly irritating to

rabbit

Sensitization: Not a sensitizer to Guinea pig.

Oral to Rat: ＞5000 mg/kg.



Dermal to Rabbit: ＞2000 mg/kg., Inhalation to Rat: LC50: 5.0 mg/L.

10.3.2.43 Methanol

Health Hazards: A slight irritant to the mucous membranes. Toxic effects exerted upon nervous

system, particularly the optic nerve. Once absorbed into the body, it is very slowly eliminated.

Symptoms of overexposure may include headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision,

blindness, coma, and death. A person may get better but then worse again up to 30 hours later.

Toxic Symptoms parallel inhalation. Can intoxicate and cause blindness. Usual fatal dose: 100-125

milliliters.

Methyl alcohol is a defatting agent and may cause skin to become dry and cracked. Skin absorption

can occur; symptoms may parallel inhalation exposure. Irritant. Continued exposure may cause eye

lesions.

Marked impairment of vision has been reported. Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause skin

irritation. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:

Fire & Explosion Hazards:

Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde

when heated to decomposition.

Chemical Hazards: Strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates, perchlorates or sulfuric acid. Will attack

some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. May react with metallic aluminum and generate

hydrogen gas. Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.

10.3.2.44 N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

Health Hazards: Causes skin irritation Causes serious eye irritation May cause respiratory irritation

May damage the unborn child May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

Fire Hazards: Combustible liquids, Flash Point 91 °C, Autoignition Temperature 346 °C


Reactive Hazard None known, based on information available Stability Hygroscopic. Air sensitive.

Light sensitive.

Conditions to Avoid:Incompatible products. Heat, flames and sparks. Exposure to air. Exposure to

moist air or water. Exposure to light. Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of

ignition. Incompatible Materials Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases



Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides

(NOx), peroxides

Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

10.3.2.45 Mono Chloro Benzene

Health Hazards:Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May

cause respiratory irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. May cause damage to organs through

prolonged or repeated exposure. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

Fire Hazards: Flash point : 28°C , Flammable Liquid. Flammable liquid and vapour. Vapours may

ignite explosively. Vapours are heavier than air and may spread along floors. May be sensitive to

static discharge.

Hazardous combustion products: Carbon oxides ;Hydrogen chloride;Phosgene; and other irritating

fumes and smoke

Reactvity & Stability Hazards:

Reactivity: Not normally reactive.

Chemical stability:Stable under normal conditions. Chlorobenzene decomposes slowly under

excessive heating at high temperatures to give some hydrogen chloride gas and traces of phosgene.

Possibility of hazardous reactions: Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Conditions to avoid: Open flames, sparks, high heat, direct sunlight, and close proximity to

incompatible substances. Do not use in areas without adequate ventilation. Avoid Direct sunlight.

10.3.2.46 Monocrotophos Technical (E)

Health Hazards: It can affect you when breathed in and quickly enters the body by passing through

the skin

Fire Hazards: Fire: Combustible under specific conditions. Liquid formulations containing organic

solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Explosion: Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents.

Storage Hazards: Monocrotophos is not compatible with alkaline pesticides; black iron; drum steel;

stainless steel; and brass.

Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat and fire



Toxicity Hazards: Acute Toxicity: Monocrotophos is a direct acting cholinesterase inhibitor capable

of

Penetration through the skin. The dose which kills half of the test animals, the LD50, is 17-18 mg/kg

for male rats and 20 mg/kg for female rats. The LD50 for dermal exposure is 126 mg/kg for male rats,

112 mg/kg for female rats, and 354 mg/kg for rabbits. The concentration in air at which half of the

test animals die, the LC50 is 0.8 mg/l air.Monocrotophos is not irritating to skin and eyes.

10.3.2.47 Myclobutanil

Potential Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed.Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of

damaging fertility or the unborn child.Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

ACGIH TLV: CEIL: 5 mg/m3 (salts)

Fire Hazards: No data available


Incompatibility Materials: strong oxidizing agents

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: carbon dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride

nitrogen oxides

Toxicity Hazards:

Information on Toxicological Effects: The toxicological effects of this product have not been

thoroughly studied. Myclobutanil - Toxicity Data: Oral LD50 (rat): 1600 mg/kg; Oral LD50 (mouse):

1300 mg/kg;

Chronic Toxicological Effects: Myclobutanil - Investigated as an agricultural chemical, drug, and

reproductive effector

10.3.2.48 Oxyflourfen

Potential Health Hazards: May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May

cause skin or eye irritation. May cause reproductive/development damage from repeated oral

exposure. May cause organ damage from repeated oral exposure at high doses. Avoid skin and eye

contact and inhalation.

Fire Hazards:Combustible liquid. Do not store or use near heat or naked flame. Will burn if ignited




Stability: Not subject to polymerization

Materials to avoid: Oxidizing agents, acids and alkali.

Hazardous reactions : None

Hazardous decomposition Chloride compounds, Fluoride compounds and nitrogen oxides. products:

Toxicity Hazards:

Ecotoxicity:Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid contamination of any water supply with product

or empty container. Very toxic in the soil environment.

Acute toxicity - Oral: LD50 (rat) > 2,500 mg/kg

Acute toxicity - Dermal: LD50 (rabbit) > 2,000 mg/kg

Acute toxicity – Inhalation:LC50 > 2.02 mg/L (4 hours) (maximum attainable concentration)

Skin irritation: Moderately irritating (rabbit). Eye irritation: Moderately irritating (rabbit).

Sensitization : The product is not a skin sensitizer (guinea-pig).

10.3.2.49 Paraquat Dicloride Technical Health Hazards: Inhalation: Cough. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.Skin contact: Harmful if

absorbed through skin.Eyes contact: Causes substantial but temporary eye injury.

Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed.

Fire and explosion Hazards: Flash Point: 194 Deg F, Flammability: Combustible liquid

Unusual Fire, Explosion and Reactivity Hazards-During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may

be generated by thermal decompositon or combustion.

Stability and Reactivity Hazards: Stable under normal use and storage conditions. The substance

decomposes under influence of UV light producing toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen

oxides,

hydrogen chloride. Reacts with strong oxidants. Reacts with bases (hydrolysis).

Unformulated products are corrosiveto common metals. Inactivated by inert clays and by anionic

surfactants.


Acute toxicity oral to female rats: LD50 is 90.9mg/kg

Acute toxicity oral to male rats: LD50 is 88.0mg/kg

Acute toxicity dermal to female rats: LD50 is 287mg/kg

Acute toxicity dermal to male rats: LD50 is 237mg/kg



Eye Contact: Moderately Irritation (Rabbit), Skin Contact: Slightly Irritation (Rabit)

Skin Sensitization: Not a skin sensitizer in animal tests.

10.3.2.50 Permerthrin Technical Emergency Overview: Medium amber to light brown liquid with a very mild odor that:Causes skin

irritation and moderate eye injury. The product is highly toxic to fish and bees.

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, eye and skin contact.

Immediate Effects:Eye: Causes moderate eye injury.

Skin: Causes skin irritation. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic

reactions in some individuals,

Storage Hazards: Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, Do not store near heat or open flame.

Reactivity Hazards: Incompatibility with other materials: Strong oxidizers.

TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Acute Toxicity:Oral LD50 (rat): >3000mg/kg, Dermal LD50 (rat): >3050mg/kg

Inhalation 4-Hour LC50 (rat): >0.86 mg/L (max attainable concentration)

Skin irritation (rabbit): Moderate irritating @ 72 hrs; PDII=4.2,Eye irritation (rabbit): Moderate

irritating

Sensitization (guinea pig): Not a sensitizer

10.3.2.51 Phosphoric Acid Potential Health hazards: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage .Causes serious eye damage

Reactivity Hazards: Reacts exothermically with water (moisture). Decomposes on exposure to

temperature rise: release of toxic and corrosive gases/vapours (phosphorus oxides). Reacts on

exposure to temperature rise with (some) metals: release of highly flammable gases/vapours

(hydrogen). Violent exothermic reaction with (some) bases. Violent to explosive reaction with many

compounds e.g.: with (strong) oxidizers and with (strong) reducers.

USA ACGIH:1 mg/m³

10.3.2.52 Pretilachlor Technical Health Hazards: Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. Irritating to skin and eyes.May cause

sensitization by skin contact.

Environmental hazard in case of accident (Spillage/Leakage): Toxic to fish.



Stability and Reactivity:Assessment: Stable under standard conditions.

Stability: Relatively stable to hydrolysis; DT 50 (calc.) (20°C) > 200d (pH 1- pH 9),14 d (pH13).

Sensitivity to humidity: not sensitive to humidity. Air Sensitivity: not sensitive to air

Sensitivity to light: Not sensitive to light


Acute Oral Toxicity: LD50: 6099 mg/kg (rat), Acute Dermal Toxicity: LD50: > 3100 mg/kg (rat)

Acute Inhalation Toxicity: LC50: > 2.8mg/L (rat; 4 h)

Acute Skin Irritation: irritant (rabbit), Acute Eye Irritation: irritant (rabbit)

Skin Sensitization: sensitizing (guinea pig)

10.3.2.53 Profenofos Technical Hazards Identification

Acute Effects:This product is moderately hazardous, however, no adverse effects are expected if the

product is handled in accordance with this material safety data sheet and the product label.Repeated minor

exposure may have a cumulative poisoning effect. Moderately toxic if swallowed. Moderate eye irritant.

Moderate skin irritant. The active ingredient Profenofos can be rapidly absorbed through the skin. Poisoning

may occur due to cholinesterase inhibition. Moderately toxic if inhaled. May lead to nausea, dizziness and loss

of consciousness.

Chronic effects:Repeated minor exposure may have a cumulative poisoning effect due to cholinesterase

inhibition. Cholinesterase levels will return to normal a few weeks after exposure is stopped. Profenofos is not

a considered to have mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic or reproductive effects.

Stability and Reactivity:Chemical stability: normally stable.

Conditions to avoid: avoid temperatures above (60Deg C).

Incompatibility with other materials: strong alkalis, amines and oxidizers.

Hazardous decomposition products: during a fire this product may release smoke and hazardous decomposition

products.

Hazardous polymerization: will not occur.


Acute toxicity:Oral LD50 for Rats: 358mg/kg, Dermal LD50 for Rats: 472mg/kg

Inhalation LC50 Rats: 3.0mg/m3 (4 hours), Skin irritation for Rabbit: No irritation

Eye irritation for Rabbit: Slight irritation, Skin sensitization for Guinea Pig: No sensitizer



10.3.2.54 Propargite 57 % EC

Potential Health Hazards: This substance is an eye irritant, and is corrosive to eyes. Corrosive and

irritating liquid. Treat symptomatically and supportively.

Fire Hazards: Combustible liquid.

Flash point >71.4o C .Thermal decomposition products :Combustible liquid that will on burning emit

noxious vapours and oxides of carbon and sulphur.

Reactivity & Stability Hazards: Stability Stable at normal temperature and pressure. Conditionsto

avoid: Reacts with strong acids and alkalis. Stable under normal storage conditions.

Materials to avoid: High temperatures, direct sunlight, acids and alkalis.

Hazardous reactions: No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.

Toxicity Hazards:

Birds:Acute oral LC50 for mallard ducks >4640 mg/kg Dietary LC50 (8 d) mallard ducks >4640

mg/kg diet bobwhite quail 3401 mg/kg diet

Fish: LC50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 0.081 mg/l, Rainbow trout 0.043 mg/l

Bees: LD50 (48 h) (oral): >100 µg/bee LD50 (48 h) (contact): >47.92 µg/bee

10.3.2.55 Propiconazole Technical

Health Hazards:More important danger for the man: none

Dangers for the environment: toxic to aquatic

Physical-chemical dangers: can decompose at high temperatures forming toxic gases.

Flash point：11Deg C


Conditions to avoid: fire and heat

Products to avoid: not applicable

Thermal decomposition: not applicable

Hazardous decomposition products: toxic gases.

Hazardous reaction: not applicable


Acute oral LD50 (rat) : 1517 mg/kg, Acute dermal LD50(rat) : >4000mg/kg

Acute InhalationLC50(rat): 0.58mg/l, Skin contact:No irritate to the rabbits skin

Eye contact: No irritate to the rabbits eyes



10.3.2.56 Propylene Glycol

Health Hazards:

May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the

air).Target Organs: Central nervous system.

Eye: May cause slight transient injury.

Skin: May be absorbed through damaged or abraded skin in harmful amounts. Allergic reactions

have been reported. A single prolonged skin exposure is not likely to result in the material being

absorbed in harmful amounts. Prolonged contact is essentially non-irritating to skin. Repeated

exposures may cause problems.

Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea

Inhalation: Low hazard for usual industrial handling.

Chronic: Exposure to large doses may cause central nervous system depression.

Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 99 deg C, Autoignition Temperature: 371 deg C


Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Hygroscopic: absorbs moisture

or water from the air.

Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, moist air.

Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, aldehydes.

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

Tocicity Hazards:

Oral, mouse: LD50 = 22 gm/kg; , Oral, mouse: LD50 = 20300 mg/kg;

Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 18500 mg/kg;, Oral, rat: LD50 = 20 gm/kg;

Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 20800 mg/kg;, Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 20800 mg/kg;

10.3.2.57 Quinalphos Technical Health Hazards: Harmful or fatal if swallowed - can enter lungs and cause damage

Contact can cause eye or skin irritation.

Fire Hazards: Flash Point: 26 Deg C.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfur dioxide and trioxide



Reactivity Hazards: Conditions to avoid: Keep dry and avoid excessive heat and ignition sources.

Incomatibility: Oxidisng Agents

Toxicity Hazards:Acute Oral Toxicity:LD 50 (Oral-rat):71 mg/kg

10.3.2.58 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution It is a corrosive liquid.

Health Hazards: It may cause irritation to the respiratory especially at higher concentration. Chronic

Exposure: A constant irritant to the eyes and throat. Low potential for sensitization after exaggerated

exposure to damage skin

Reactivity & Chemical Hazards:

Stability: Slowly decomposes on contact with air. Rate increases with the concentration and

temperature. Exposure to sunlight acceleration decomposition. Sodium Hypochlorite becomes less

toxic with age. Hazardous Decomposition Product: Emits toxic fumes of Chlorine when heated to

decomposition. Continuous to avoid: Light, heat and incompatibles.

10.3.2.59 Sodium Para-Nitrophenolate

Health Hazards: Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation.Causes serious eye irritation.Harmful

if inhaled.May cause respiratory irritation.

Fire Hazards: Flammable solid. In combustion toxic fumes may form.

Reactuvity & Stability Hazards:

Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents. Strong acids.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: In combustion emits toxic fumes. In combustion emits toxic

fumes of carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide. In combustion emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 Rat - 320 mg/kg Remarks: Behavioral:Somnolence (general depressed

activity). Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration:Other changes. Gastrointestinal:Other changes.

Dermal LD50 Rabbit - > 5,000 mg/kg

Remarks: Prolonged skin contact may cause skin irritation and/or dermatitis. Skin corrosion/irritation

Causes skin irritation

Serious eye Damage/irritation Causes serious eye irritation

Respiratory or skin :No sensitizing effect known sensitisation



10.3.2.60 Sulphur 80 % WDG

Health Hazards:Harmful if inhaled. Causes eye irritation.

Exposure Limits: TLV Elemental Sulfur 5 mg/m3

Fire Hazards: Will ignite when exposed to heat, flame and other sources of ignition. Dusts may form

explosive mixtures with air; avoid using heavy water streams. Thermal decomposition during a fire

can produce fumes and irritating gases.


Stability/Instability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and

handling conditions.

Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition, and dust

generation.

Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur

Thermal Decomposition: Decomposition products can include but are not limited to: Sulfur oxides

(including sulfur dioxide) and hydrogen sulfide.

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute Toxicity: Ingestion: Oral, LD50, (rat): >5000 mg/kg

Dermal: Dermal, LD50, (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg

Inhalation:LC50, (rat): > 2.56 mg/L

Eye Irritation (rabbit):Moderately irritating

Skin Irritation (rabbit): Non-irritating

Sensitization Skin: Non-sensitizer (Guinea Pig)

Chronic Toxicity: At low levels generally recognized as safe

Carcinogenicity: Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans

10.3.2.61 Sulphuric Acid SQ

Chemical Hazards: Not flammable but highly reactive and capable of igniting finely divided

combustible material on contact. Reacts violently with water and organic material with evolution

of heat. Extremely hazardous in contact with many materials. Attacks and corrodes metals

releasing hydrogen.



Health Hazards: It has TLV of 1 mg/M3. Local exposure causes irritation of nose, throat and

laryngeal edema, bronchitis, pneumatis and pulmonary edema.

10.3.2.62 Tebuconazole 25.9% EC

Light yellow liquid

Health Hazards:

Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.Causes serious eye damage.May cause respiratory

irritation.Suspected of damaging the unborn child.Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting

effects

Fire Hazards: Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:

mixture 5.3 Advice for firefighters Special protective equipment for fire-fighters In the event of

fire the following may be released:, Hydrogen chloride (HCl), Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic

acid), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Reactvity & Stability Hazards:

Reactivity:Thermal decomposition 350 °C, Heating rate: 3 K/min Exothermic decomposition.

Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions: No hazardous reactions when stored and handled according to

prescribed instructions.

Conditions to avoid: Extremes of temperature and direct sunlight.

Incompatible materials :Store only in the original container.

Hazardous decomposition products:No decomposition products expected

Toxicity Hazards:

Acute oral toxicity LD50 (rat) > 300 - < 2,000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity: LC50 (rat) ca. 5 mg/l Exposure time: 4 h ,Determined in the form of a

respirable aerosol.

Acute dermal toxicity: LD50 (rat) > 4,000 mg/kg

Skin irritation:No skin irritation (rabbit)

Eye irritation:Risk of serious damage to eyes. (rabbit)

Sensitisation:Non-sensitizing. (guinea pig)



10.3.2.63 Thiobencarp Technical More important danger for the man: Cause eye irritation, may cause skin irritation

Dangers for the environment: Moderate toxicity to birds, aquatic organisms and other animals

Physical-chemical dangers: Not applicable, Flash point: Not applicable

Ignition temperature: Not applicable

Stability and Reactivity:Stability: stable under the normal conditions

Conditions to avoid: Fire, heat and high temperature, Products to avoid: Not applicable.

Hazardous decomposition products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides

Toxicological Information:Acute oral LD50 for rat: ＞2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal LD50 for rat: ＞5000 mg/kg, Inhalation LD50 (4h) for rat: ＞3.6 mg/m3

Mild irritating to rabbit skin. Moderate irritating to rabbit eye.

10.3.2.64 Triadimefon Technical Harmful if inhaled or ingested, may be harmful if absorbed through skin.

Chemical stability: Stable under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid: Extreme heat.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidising agents, acids.

Hazardous decomposition products: None under normal conditions. In a fire, formation of hydrogen

chloride, hydrogen cyanide, amines, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides can be expected.

Toxicological Information:Acute:Oral toxicity: LD50 rat: 1000 mg/kg

Dermal toxicity: LD50 rat: > 5000 mg/kg, Inhalation toxicity: LC50 rat: > 3.3 mg/L, dust (4 h)

Skin irritation: Slightly irritating (rabbit), Mucous membrane irritation: Non irritating (rabbit)

10.3.2.65 Thiomethoxam Technical

Health Hazards: Harmful if inhaled. Causes mild eye and skin irritation. Relevant routes of

exposure: Skin, eyes, mouth, lungs.

During a fire, irritating and possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or

combustion.

Flash point and method: 97.8 ºC. Hazardous combustion products: During a fire, irritating and

possibly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.

Chemical stability: Stable under normal use and storage conditions.



Conditions to avoid: None known.

Incompatibility with other materials: None known.

Hazardous decomposition products: Can decompose at high temperatures and form toxic gases.

Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur.

Toxicity Hazards:Ingestion: Low AcuteToxicity -Oral (LD50 Rat): > 5,000 mg/kg body weig

Dermal: Low AcuteToxicity -Dermal (LD50 Rabbit): > 2,000 mg/kg body weight

Inhalation: Slightly Acutely Toxic -Inhalation (LC50 Rat): > 0.641 mg/L air - 4 hours

Eye Contact: Minimally Irritating (Rabbit) , Skin Contact: Slightly Irritating (Rabbit)

Skin Sensitization: Not a Skin Sensitizer (Guinea Pig)

10.3.2.66 Tricyclazole Technical

Health Hazards:

Eye contact – Contact may cause slight eye irritation with slight, temporary corneal injury. Skin

contact – Brief contact may cause moderate skin irritation with local redness. Contact does not elicit

an allergic response. Inhalation – Vapors are unlikely due to physical properties. Prolonged,

excessive exposure to dust may cause adverse effects.

Toxicity Hazards:

Ingestion.-This material has moderate toxicity if swallowed. Swallowing small amounts incidental to

normal handling operations is not likely to cause injury; however, swallowing larger amounts may

cause injury, even death. Repeated exposure – In animal testing, effects has been reported on the

liver, kidney, testes, and gall bladder.

10.3.2.67 Trizophos Technical

Flammable. Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.Toxic if swallowed.Risk of serious

damage to eyes.

Stability and Reactivity: Stability: Stable

Conditions to avoid: None

Incompatibility (Materials to avoid): None known

Hazardous decomposition products: Burning may yield Carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , nitrogen

oxide , oxide phosphorus , oxide sulfur.

Hazardous polymerization: will not occur.




Acute oral LD50, for rats 82 mg/kg. for dogs 320 mg/kg; Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats

1100mg/kg. In 2-year feeding trials rats receiving 1 ppm diet and dogs 0.3 ppm diet only direct effect

was inhibition of blood serum cholinesterase. Fish toxicity LC50 (48-h), for crucian 8.4 mg/l. ADI for

man 0.002 mg/kg body weight.

10.3.2.68 Validamycin Technical May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Stability and Reactivity: Stability: stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage

Materials to avoid: water. Hazardous decomposition or byproducts: none

Hazardous polymerization: will not occur, Toxicological Information:Acute Toxicity

Oral: LD50 mouse >2g/kg, LD50 rat >20g/kg, Subcutaneous: LD50 rat >5g/kg

Inhalation: May cause irritation, Eye irritation: May cause irritation, Skin Irritation: May cause

irritation

Sensitization: Possible sensitivity in some individuals

Chronic toxicity: Practically non-toxic in rats. No observed effect level (NOEL) during 2years:40.4

mg/kg daily.

10.3.3 Chemical Storage Hazards

The chemicals involved are Toxic & corrosive, Flammable (Solvents such as CIX solvent, n-Butanol

etc) and irritant.

Chemical storage hazards include:

10.3.3.1 Spillages of Toxic & corrosive, Flammable (Solvents such as CIX solvent, n-Butanol etc)

caused by containment failure.

10.3.3.2 Fire hazards caused during failure of valves on pump discharge lines from Solvent Storage

tanks

10.3.3.3 Severe health hazards caused by spillage of Toxic materials during storage, dispensing &

transportation from warehouse to production blocks

10.3.2.4 There is probability of Fire & explosion hazard which may be cuased by leakage of LPG

from gas cylinders or due to malfunction of proposed LPG Lot system for Boiler.



10.3.4 EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS 10.3.4.1 BOILER Diesel fired 0.5 TPH capacity boiler is being used at site. Boiler, being a fired pressure vessel, there is

high potential for explosions and may result in loss of life and property. The common causes of

boiler explosions are faulty design, usage of substandard or incorrect equipment or operational upsets

and errors, improper maintenance and failure of safety devices. Boiler startups, shutdowns are the

situations having hazard potential. While, burns, fire hazards are the normal hazards connected with

any hot work or related operations.

The boiler-specific hazards are as follows:

a. Furnace back pressure

b. Fuel-air explosions

c. Tube failure leading to explosion

d. Accidental failure of rotating components

10.3.5 Other Hazards

10.3.5.1 Mechanical Hazards

Different types of mechanical equipment are in use in the plant. Pumps are in use for transfer of

liquid chemicals. Utility equipment like Diesel Generators, Air Compressors etc has mechanical

equipment. Most important hazard in such equipment is due to rotating components which may

cause traumatic injuries due to improper machine guarding or no guarding.Over pressurization of

pressure systems is another mechanical hazard associated with the operations.

10.3.5.2 Electrical Hazards

Electrical equipment in flammable atmosphere is an important hazard in manufacturing of

Agrochemicals. Hazard Area Classification for the selection & installation of right type, class &

group of electrical equipment play important role .Electrical equipment are also selected based on

the type of flammable gases /liquid being used in the area.

Further, due to operating conditions, wet conditions in floors and around equipment may prevail.

This may result in electrical shocks etc from exposed or un- insulated electrical conductor

terminals. Sparks from electrical equipment may result in fire accidents.



10.3.5.3 Maintenance Hazards

Maintenance operations are critical in process industry and more so in a batch operation industry.

Each time, between the batches or change- over of campaign or products, the maintenance works

are taken up and cleaning operations are carried out. Persons engaged in maintenance operations

may gain contact with hazardous chemicals which may be toxic or skin sensitizer or irritant etc.

10.3.5.4 Corrosive Hazards

Corrosion hazards are likely to be encountered in the storage areas and equipment areas. Corrosion

may slowly lead to structural failures. Here structural failures include pipe supports, pipes,

columns of the equipment and production blocks, columns of scrubbers, etc. Hence, stability

evaluation of structural supports/ civil foundations etc need to be done based on the nature of

corrosive atmosphere or changes / modifications in the civil structures.

There is probability of Fire & explosion hazard cuased by leakage of LPG from gas cylinders or due

to malfunction of the proposed LPG Lot system for Boiler.

11.0 CONTAINMENT FAILURE HAZRDS

Any structural failures often lead to containment failures. Containment failures are related to

Storage tanks, Containers, columns and equipment supports etc.

Aromatic Solvents are stored in tanks/ charge tanks/receiving tanks/ weighing vessels in the

factory. Spill hazards are associated with unloading of solvents, sampling and pumping operations.

Overflowing from the tanks/ charge tanks/receiving tanks or overfilling of the tanks/charge tanks/

receiving tanks is another reason for spills.

Main storages and intermediate storage tanks can fail due to vacuum during drawl operation. This

may lead to buckling of the storage tanks and spread of solvents all over.

The following could be few situations/scenarios, where acids/solvents/hypochlorite solutions can

get released.

a. Release of aromatic solvents/ chemicals during transfer from road tankers, spreading and

catching fire.

b. Release of solvents/ chemicals from storage tanks due to leakage of tanks or while drawing of

solvents



c. Failure of main storage tanks or mixing tanks or failure of level gauges, pipes etc leading to

containment failure of solvents and flammable materials

d. Gasket failures on pipe lines flanges/ pump glands leaks etc

e. Containment failure of Toxic Pesticides/Insecticides Technical caused by damaged drums or

bags etc

f. Containment failure from mixing tanks caused by failure of bottom discharge valves etc

g. Leakage of of LPG during feeding to proposed LPG Lot system & then to proposed LPG fired

Boiler which may result into a major fire.

12.0 EXISTENCE OF MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF HAZARD AT A TIME

There is very remote probability of occurrence of more than one type of emergency cited above,

simultaneously at a time in the plant. The probability of such simultaneous occurrence of

emergencies, in practical terms is, insignificant.

13.0 RISK ASSESSMENT

13.1 Risk

Risk is defined as the product of the frequency (probability, likelihood) of an eventoccurring and

its consequence (severity, impact, injury/fatality rate).

13.2 Risk Assessment definition

Risk Assessment involves identification and assessment of risks to the plant, personnel and

neighboring population. For this, failure probability, credible accident scenario is essential.

Thereby, the Risk assessment examines the probability of occurrence of credible worst case

scenarios and determines the potential adverse effects on plant, personnel &community through

consideration of various direct and indirect impacts resulting from the occurrence of a hazard. In

the absence of extensive historical data, probabilities and impacts are subjective assessments

drawn from interview information, rational observations and experience.

Human health and Environmental risk from industrial activities is mainly due to the occurrence or

potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events resulting into fire,

explosion or toxic hazards.



Risk analysis (RA) provides a numerical to quantify the risk that a particular facility poses to the

public. It begins with the identification of probable potential hazardous events at an industry and

categorization as per the predetermined criteria.

13.3 Terms used in Risk Assessment

The common Terms used in Risk Assessment are elaborated below:

"Risk" is defined as a likelihood of an undesired event (accident, injury or death) occurring

within a specified period or under specified circumstances. This may be either a frequency or a

probability depending on the circumstances.

The term "Hazard" is defined as a physical situation, which may cause human injury, damage to

property or the environment or some combination of these criteria.

"Hazardous substance" means any substance or preparation, which by reason of its

chemical or physico-chemical properties or handling is liable to cause harm to human

beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms, property or the environment.

"Hazardous process" is defined as any process or activity in relation to an industry which may

cause impairment to the health of the persons engaged or connected therewith or which may

result in pollution of their general environment.

"Disaster" is defined as a catastrophic situation that causes damage, economic disruptions,

loss of human life and deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an

extraordinary response from outside the affected area or community. Disasters occasioned by man

are factory fire explosions and release of toxic gases or chemical substances etc.

"Accident" is an unplanned event, which has a probability of causing personal injury or property

damage or both.

"Emergency" is defined as a situation where the resources out pass the demand. This highlights the

typical nature of emergency; it will be after experience that enough is not enough in emergency

situations. Situations of these kinds are avoidable but it is not possible to avoid them always.

In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in a process industry

manufacturing optical brighteners, maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis

are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant.



13.4 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX (F & EI)

13.4.1 Importancve of Fire & Explosion Index

Fire & Explosion Indexing is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. The FEI

calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greater loss potential in a particular process. In

preliminary hazard analysis, chemicals have Toxic & Fire hazards.

The application of FEI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and quantification of the

hazard in these areas

A numerical FEI is calculated based on the nature of the process and the properties of the process

materials.

The larger the value of the FEI, the more hazardous the process as indicated in the table below:

Dow Chemical Company issued a guideline for hazard determination and protection. By this method

a chemical process unit is rated numerically for hazards. The numerical value used is the Fire

and Explosion Index (F&EI) which is most widely used for hazard evaluation in chemical process

industries.

The guide applies to process unit only and not to auxiliary units such as power generating

stations, plant water systems, control rooms, fired heaters, structural requirements, corrosive nature

of material handled and personal safety equipment. These are regarded as basic features that do not

vary according to the magnitude of the fire and explosion hazard involved. The guide also does not

cover the processing and handling of explosives such as dynamite, TNT etc.

13.4.2 Computation of F&EI

The computation of fire and explosion index of each unit is based on the material factor. This is a

measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy release from fire or explosion of most hazardous

material or mixture of materials present in significant quantity, whether it is raw material,

intermediate, product, solvent etc, by combustion or chemical reaction.”In significant quantity” here

means such quantity that the hazard represented by the material actually exists. The National

Fire Protection Agency of USA (NFPA) have specified standard values for material factor

which should be used for F&EI calculations and are available in DOW’s Hazard

Classification Guide. In case it is not readily available, it can be calculated using the heat of

combustion, flammability indices etc.



General process hazard are factors that play a primary role in determining the magnitude of

loss of incident. It takes into account the nature of the reaction, ventilation of the unit, accessibility

of the unit, drainage facilities etc., special process hazards are factors that contribute primarily to the

probability of a loss incident. They consist of specific process conditions that have shown themselves

to be major causes of fire and explosion incidents. It takes into account toxicity of the material,

operating pressure, operation near flammable range, quantity of material, joints and packing, use of

hot oil exchange system etc.,

The F&EI is calculated as a product of Material Factor, General Process Hazard factor, and special

process hazard factor.

Fire & Explosion Indexing is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. The FEI

calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greater loss potential in a particular process. In

preliminary hazard analysis, chemicals have Toxic & Fire hazards.

The application of FEI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and quantification of

the hazard in these areas.

13.4.3 Hazard Ranking and Categorisation of Fire & Explosion Index

The hazard ranking based on F&EI value is as follows

The larger the value of the FEI, the more hazardous the process as indicated in the table below:

DEGREE OF HAZARD FOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX

F &E Index Range Degree of Hazard 0-60 Light

61-96 Moderate 97-127 Intermediate

128-158 Heavy 159-up Severe

Based on FEI value, the plant elements are categorized, category I plant element is the least

hazardous and caetory III is the highest hazardous in terms & Fire & Explosion.



CATEGORISATION OF PLANT ELEMENTS FOR FIRE EXPLOSION INDEX

#Adapted from the Dow FEI Guide (1994)

13.4.4 FEI Caculation

A numerical FEI is calculated based on the nature of the process and the properties of the process

materials.

Respective Material Factor (MF), General Hazard Factors (GHF), Special Process Hazard Factors

(SPH) is computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage, handling and

reaction parameters.

Before hazard indexing can be applied, the installation in question should be subdivided into

logical, independent elements or units. In general, a unit can logically be characterized by the

nature of the process that takes place in it. In some cases, the unit may consist of a plant element

separated from the other elements by space or by protective walls. A plant element may also be an

apparatus, instrument, section or system that can cause a specific hazard. For each separate plant

element which contains flammable or toxic substances, a fire and explosion index may be

determined in a manner derived from the method for determining a fire and explosion index

developed by the Dow Chemical Company.

MF = Material Factor, A measure for the potential energy of the dangerous substances present

(according to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).The MF is a measure of the intrinsic

rate of energy release from the burning, explosion or other chemical reaction of the material.

GPH= General Process Hazard = A measure for the hazards Factors inherent in the process from

the nature and characteristics of theProcess. It plays a primary role in determining the magnitude

of the lossfollowing an incident.

SPH= Special Process Hazard= A measure for the hazards Factors originating from the specific

installation (process conditions, nature and size of the Installation).The SPH are factors thatare

known from experience to contribute to the probabilityof an incident involving loss.

Category Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI)

I F&EI < 65

II 65 < or = F&EI < 95

III F&EI > or = 95



The fire and explosion index evaluation can be very useful in developing plant layouts or adding

equipment and buildings to existing plants. Evaluation of the F&EI calculations and layout

considerations will result a safe, operable, maintainable and cost-effective arrangement of equipment

and buildings.

13.4.5 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX CALCULATION FOR CIX SOLVENT & CYCLOHEXANONE IN TANKS General Process Hazards Penalty used Material Factor (MF) 16 Base factor (1.0) 1.00 Exothermic chemical reactions (factor 0.30 to 1.25) 0.00 Endothermic processes (factor 0.20 to 0.40) 0.00 Material handling & transfer (factor 0.25 to 1.05) 0.70

Enclosed or indoor process units (factor 0.25 to 90) 0.00 Access (0.20 to 0.35) 0.10 Drainage and spill control ( 0.25 to 0.50) 0.10 General Process Hazards factor (F1) 1.90 Special Process Hazards Base factor (1.00) 1.00 Toxic material(s) (factor 0.20 to 0.80) 0.20 Sub-atmospheric pressure (Less than 500 mm Hg) (0.50) 0.00 Operation in or near flammable range 0.00 1. Tank farms storage flammable liquids (0.50) 0.30 2. Process upset or purge failure (0.30) 0.00 3. Always in flammable range (0.80) 0.40 Dust explosion (factor 0.25 to 2.00) 0.00 Pressure 0.00 Low temperature (factor 0.20 to 0.30) 0.00 Quantity of flammable/unstable material 0.00 Quantity : 1. Liquids, gases and reactive materials in process 0.00 2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.40 3. Combustible solids in storage. 0.00 Dust in process (0.00 to 2.00) 0.00 Corrosion and erosion ( 0.10 to 0.75) 0.30 Leakage - joints and packing (0.10 to 1.50) 0.30 Use of fired heaters 0.00



Hot oil heat exchange system ( 0.15 to 1.15) 0.00 Rotating equipment ( 0.50) 0.20 Special Process Hazards factor (F2) 3.10 Unit hazard factor (F1 x F2 = F3) 5.89 Fire and explosion index (F3 x MF = FEI) 94.24 Degree of Fire Hazard Moderate 13.4.6 FIRE & EXPLOSION INDEX CALCULATION FOR PROPOSED LPG LOT SYSTEM (IF ALL SAFETY MEASURES AS PROPOSED ARE IMPLEMENTED) General Process Hazards Penalty used

Material Factor (MF) 21 Base factor (1.0) 1.00 Exothermic chemical reactions (factor 0.30 to 1.25) 0.00 Endothermic processes (factor 0.20 to 0.40) 0.00 Material handling & transfer (factor 0.25 to 1.05) 0.60

Enclosed or indoor process units (factor 0.25 to 90) 0.00 Access (0.20 to 0.35) 0.15 Drainage and spill control ( 0.25 to 0.50) 0.10

General Process Hazards factor (F1) 1.85 Special Process Hazards Base factor (1.00) 1.00 Toxic material(s) (factor 0.20 to 0.80) 0.00 Sub-atmospheric pressure (Less than 500 mm Hg) (0.50) 0.00 Operation in or near flammable range 0.00 1. Tank farms storage flammable liquids (0.50) 0.00 2. Process upset or purge failure (0.30) 0.00 3. Always in flammable range (0.80) 0.20 Dust explosion (factor 0.25 to 2.00) 0.00 Pressure 0.00 Low temperature (factor 0.20 to 0.30) 0.00 Quantity of flammable/unstable material 0.00 Quantity : 1. Liquids, gases and reactive materials in process 0.00 2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.40 3. Combustible solids in storage. 0.00 Dust in process (0.00 to 2.00) 0.00 Corrosion and erosion ( 0.10 to 0.75) 0.30 Leakage - joints and packing (0.10 to 1.50) 0.30



Use of fired heaters 0.00 Hot oil heat exchange system ( 0.15 to 1.15) 0.00 Rotating equipment ( 0.50) 0.20

Special Process Hazards factor (F2) 2.40 Unit hazard factor (F1 x F2 = F3) 4.44 Fire and explosion index (F3 x MF = FEI) 93.24 Degree of Fire Hazard Moderate 13.4.7 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is

believed to be probable. MCA analysis for a proposed project does not include quantification of the

probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA

analysis corresponding to a proposed project is carried out on the basis of past accident analysis at

similar projects, engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis especially in accident

analysis.

The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections / units at proposed project in

terms of potential vulnerability as given below:

a. Study the process details of proposed project including storage and handling of hazardous materials

along with the envisaged inventories

b. Identification of potential hazardous sections and representative failure cases

c. Visualization of release scenarios with recourse to consequence analysis

d. Damage distance computations for the credible accident cases.

Recommendation: R1: The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) by using software

for MCA Analysis for CIX Solvent & Cyclohexanone storage tanks

Recommendation: R2: The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for LPG Gas

cylinders & LPG LOT system by using software for MCA Analysis



13.4.8 FAILURE MODES ANALYIS

Failure Modes are situations resulting in containment failure or chemicals following an unintended

route and ultimately may result into a toxic release or fire or explosion.

Quantitative Risk assessment (QRA) is required be done by the Management for estimation of

failure mode analysis for CIX Solvent & Cyclohexanone storage tanks having the maximum

impact.

Quantitative Risk assessment (QRA) is required be done by the Management for estimation of

failure mode analysis for the proposed LPG LOT System having the maximum impact.

Fire hazard due to containment failure and subsequent ignition could be present at site.

Different modes for probable containment failure for various operations & activities are identified as

below:

i. Failure of hose pipe during unloading CIX Solvent from road tanker to Storage Tanks

ii. Failure of Pump- gland leakages

iii. Failure of ARV for granlators or blenders or mixers etc

iv. Contents of granulators etc are discharged inadvertently or containment failure due to valve

defects.

v. Failure of Containers of toxic pesticides/insecticides Technical product

vi. Containers of corrosive chemical failure for example carboys of Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric

Acid or Sodium Hypochlorite etc

In addition to the above failure mode analysis, the failure probability for the proposed LPG LOT System for

the boiler is estimated as below:

i. Failure of the proposed LPG LOT Discharge valves from the LPG cylinders in Manifold

ii. Failure of Solenoid valve on proposed LPG vaporizer

iii. Failure of Pressure Reducing System for proposed LPG vaporiser

13.4.9 PROBABILITY OF FAILURE

Failure rates for various critical equipment are very important in risk assessment. Very limited

data in this regard is available in our country. However, Safety and Reliability Directorate of UK

and IEEE of USA have certain data in this regard.



A rationale approach of converting these to one year depending upon the operations, no. of shifts,

etc has been done. It cannot be claimed as accurate procedure. However, in the absence of any

other reliable data as well as procedure, this method can be considered as useful.

Supply pipe 0.25 x 10^-3/Hour

Spillage of road tanker/loading 5 x 10^-3/Hour

Motors for blowers 10.5 x 10^-6/Hour

Rotating Equipment 24.7 x 10^-6/Hour

Pressure Vessel Failure In 100 x 300 vessel

Catastrophic Failures 0.7 x 10^-4 Failures/Year

Valves 12.3 x 10^-6/Hour

Human errors 1800 to 5000 errors in One Million operations.

While computing pipe failures, 6 hours per day of pipe working is assumed as the pipes are called

into operation while transferring the solvents to reactors. In estimating spillage of tankers, on an

average 4 tanks per week at two hours each time are assumed in estimating number of hours the

tanker is located in the plant.

Solvent storage containment failure : Per year

Vessel failure-no ignition 0.4

Immediate-ignition 0.1

Hose pipe failure-operator failure to immediately arrestors

No ignition 0.3

Immediate ignition 0.075

Reactor drain valve or pipe connection failure-operator failed

To control- no ignition 0.0015


Condenser failure-operator failure to control or shut off

No ignition 0.3




14.0 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS 14.1 FIRE CONSEQUENCES 14.1.1 POOL FIRE

When a non-boiling liquid spills, it spreads into a pool. The size of the pool depends on the

availability of the bund and obstacles. If there are no obstacles or bund, it can spread into a

thin film on flat land/floor. Radiation levels at various distances are calculated taking into

account atmospheric transmission coefficient, geometric view factor and the radiation

intensity in terms of surface heat flux of the flame. Depending upon the conditions, there are

several ways in which these can occur, ultimately causing damage due to heat radiation.

Some of the chemicals (CIX Solvent, N-Butanol, Monochloro Benzene, Cyclohexanone etc.)

in use are flammable. Leaks/ Emissions may result for various reasons during transfer, process

operations and storage.

If an immediate ignition takes place, there could be a fire of pool of material and these results

in radiations of different intensities at different distances from the edge of the pool.

QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by CIX

Solvent & Cyclohexanone in storage tanks. An estimation of heat radiations at different

distances from source are to be made

QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by

proposed LPG LOT System & LPG vapriser. An estimation of heat radiations at different

distances from source are to be made

Also there could be secondary fires in the surrounding area, if other solvent/flammable chemical inventory becomes vulnerable to intense heat radiation.

14.1.2 EFFECTS OF POOL FIRE Pool fire may result when drums of solvent will leak/burst, and the material released is ignited. If

the tanks are provided with dike walls to contain the leak and avoid spreading of flammable

material, the pool fire will be confined to the dike area only. However, the effects of radiation may

be felt to larger area depending upon the size of the pool and quantity of material involved.

Assuming 100% of carrying pipes, release rates are computed. .



14.2 FIRE ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS A statistics of fire incidents by “Usual Ignition Sources” that have resulted in major fires in

industrial operations are given below:

Factors contributing to Fire % Factors contributing to Fire % Unusual Ignition Sources:

Electrical wiring 23% Overheated materials 8% Smoking 18% Hot surfaces-boilers-lamps 7% Friction-bearings/broken parts 10%

Burner flame-torch 7%

Combustion sparks 5% Spontaneous ignition 4% Cutting, Welding 4% Exposure fires 3% Incendiaries 2% Mechanical Sparks 2% Molten substances 1% Chemical Action 1% Static Charge 1% Lightening 1% Miscellaneous 1%

Sources Of Accidents Storage areas 33% Pipe Line 21% Rupture & Leaks Reactor 4% Electrical related 6% Dryers 2% Others 13%

Ignition Sources: Hot surfaces 8% Flame/Electrical 15% Spontaneous ignition & friction 8% Static Electricity 1% Others 35%

Materials involved at first: Gas/vapour 26% Liquid 20% Solids 23% Hydrocarbons 23% Other Organic Materials 23% Hydrogen 7%

Component failures responsible for accidents: Compressors 30% Heat Exchangers 17% Heaters 18% Process vessels 18% Centrifuges 7% Others 10%



15.0 TOXICITY ANALYSIS

15.1 WHAT IS TOXICITY?

In general terms, toxicity is the measure of the ability of a pesticide to cause injury. There are two

types of toxicity: acute and chronic. Acute toxicity of a pesticide is determined by subjecting

laboratory animals to different dosages or concentrations of the active ingredient. Tests are also

conducted to assess the impact through the skin, through inhalation, and orally. Test results are then

used to classify pesticides into one of four toxicity categories (see Table 1.)

15.2 ACUTE TOXICITY

Acute toxicity usually results from a single exposure to a high dose or concentration of a toxicant,

which can be either oral, dermal, or through inhalation. The acute toxicity is the basis for pesticide

classifications on product labels. It is defined as the amount of a pesticide’s active ingredient that

kills 50 percent of the test population in a short period of time, referred to as LD50 (lethal dose 50)

or LC50 (lethal concentration 50). Toxicity increases as the LD50 or LC50 decreases; thus,

Category I pesticides are more toxic than Category IV pesticides.

Table 1-Pesticide Toxicity Categories

Category Category II Category III Category IV

Oral LD50

Up to and

including 50

mg/kg

From 50 through

500 mg/kg

From 500 through

5000 mg/kg

Greater than 5000

mg/kg

Inhalation LC50

Up to and

including 0.2

mg/liter

From 0.2 through 2

mg/liter

From 2.0 through

20 mg/liter

Greater than 20

mg/liter

Dermal LD50

Up to and

including 200

mg/kg

From 200 through

2000 mg/kg

From 2,000

through 20,000

mg/kg

Greater than

20,000 mg/kg

Eye effects

Corrosive; corneal

opacity not

reversible within 7

days

Corneal opacity

reversible within 7

days; irritation

persisting for 7

days

No corneal

opacity; irritation

reversible within 7

days

No irritation



Skin effects Corrosive Severe irritation at

72 hours

Moderate irritation

at 72 hours

Mild or slight

irrigation at 72

hours

Toxicity categories inform users of the potential hazards associated with the use of a particular

pesticide. Specific signal word(s) must appear on product labels depending on pesticide toxicity

category. For example, pesticides in Toxicity Category I must carry on their label the word

“Danger.” Some Category I pesticides must also display the word “Poison,” and the skull and

crossbones symbol. Child warning hazard statements must appear on practically all pesticide

labels.

15.3 Labelling

In addition, if the product is assigned a Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral, inhalation, or

dermal toxicity, the word “Poison” shall appear in red on a contrasting background color, and the

skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the word “Poison.”

Toxicity Category I – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word

“Danger.” In addition, if the product is assigned a Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral,

inhalation, or dermal toxicity, the word “Poison” shall appear in red on a contrasting

background color, and the skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the

word “Poison.”

Toxicity Category II – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word

“Warning.”

Toxicity Category III – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word

“Caution.”

Toxicity Category IV – All pesticide products shall bear on the front panel the signal word

“Caution.”

Child Warning Hazard – Every pesticide product label shall bear on the front panel the

statement “Keep out of Reach of Children.” Limited exemptions exist only in cases where the

likelihood of contact with children during distribution, marketing, storage, or use is



demonstrated by the applicant to be extremely remote, or if the nature of the pesticide is such

that it is approved for use on infants or small children.

The EPA also provides guidance on how much of a pesticide constitutes a lethal dose depending on

the degree of toxicity. For example, Table 2 shows that the oral lethal dose for a 150-pound person of

a highly toxic pesticide (labeled “Danger”) is only a few drops to a teaspoon. A person’s size will

help determine the amount that is poisonous. The smaller the individual, the smaller the amount of a

substance required to be lethal; the larger the individual, the larger the amount required. It takes much

less of a toxicant to poison a small child than it does to poison an adult.

Table 2: Pesticide Label Words and Relative Toxicities Signal Word

Toxicity Oral Lethal Dose (for

150-lb person)

Danger Highly toxic Few drops to 1 teaspoon*

Warning Moderately toxic 1 teaspoon to 1

tablespoon

Caution Low toxicity 1 ounce to more than a

pint

* Less for a child or person weighing under 150 pounds.

15.4 CHRONIC TOXICITY

Chronic toxicity results from long-term, low-level exposure to a toxicant. This type of toxicity does

not result in poisoning in the traditional sense. Chronic toxicity is evident in the long-term effects on

the body. The three major causes of chronic toxicity are mutagenic toxicants, oncogenic toxicants,

and teratogenic toxicants. Mutagens cause changes in the genetic material DNA. Oncogens cause the

formation of tumors; a carcinogen causes the formation of malignant tumors (cancer). Teratogens

cause birth defects. Chronic toxicity can also affect the reproductive system, nervous system, liver,

and kidneys.

Cholinesterase Inhibition:

One of the most widely occurring types of chronic toxicity is cholinesterase inhibition.

Cholinesterase is an enzyme produced by the body that controls nerve impulse transmission. If



cholinesterase were not present, impulses from one nerve to the next would flow continuously.

Many pesticides function to work against, or inhibit, cholinesterase in insect pests. However, these

chemicals can also be poisonous, or toxic, to humans in some situations. Prolonged exposure to

cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals, such as organophosphates and carbamates, can result from

inhalation, ingestion, or eye or skin contact during the manufacturing, mixing, or applications of

these pesticides. Unchecked nervous (or electrical) impulses can fire away continuously, causing

uncontrolled, rapid twitching of some muscles, paralyzed breathing, convulsions, and, in extreme

cases, death.

Organophosphate products can affect cholinesterase activity in both red blood cells and in blood

plasma, and can act directly, or in combination with other enzymes, on cholinesterase in the body.

Some of the most commonly used organophosphate products include Acephate, Diazinon, and

Carbophenothion.

Carbamates vary widely in toxicity and work by inhibiting plasma cholinesterase. Some examples

of Carbamates are Aldicarb, Carbaryl, and Carbofuran.



16.0 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR EXISTING & PROPOSED LPG LOTSYSTEM

QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS

Sr. No.

Credible Scenario

QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS & DOMINO EFFECT

P= Probability, S= Severity, Risk = S*P

EVENT Effect Cause P S Risk Category of Impact

Risk Minimization Safety measures provided/proposed by the Management

1. Spillage of flammable solvent (CIX & Cyclohexanone) during transfer or pumping by using SS flexible hose from road tanker to above- ground (AG) storage tank and from storage tank to mixing

Flash or poor fire due to spilling flammable liquid on floor having containment dyke and finding source of ignition either from pump due to mechanical failure or friction or electrical

1.Failure of gaskets for SS hose pipe to flange on tanker side & pump side 2.Nut bolts to flanges on nozzle for tanker side & pump side not tightened 3.No secondary containment for storage tanks & pumps 4.Leakages from pump

Likely (3)

Minor (2)

Moderate Risk (6)

Moderate Impact

1.Solvent Tanker unloading permit with safety check list is implemented by the site which will ensure good condition of gasket, jumpers to flanges, earthing to road tanker 2. Nut bolts to flanges on nozzle for tanker side & pump side are tightened properly by the plant maintenance team and Teflon envelop gaskets are being used for flange joints 3.A common dyke for all CIX solvent storage tanks & Cyclohexanone storage tank is provided. 4.Single mechanical seal is provided to pump for CIX solvent storage tanks & Cyclohexanone storage tank 5.Calibrated Diigital level indicator is provided to all CIX solvent storage tanks & Cyclohexanone storage tank



tanks in production blocks

spark or due to static charges

glands 6.Over flow of solvent caused by Over filling of storage tank & mixing tanks in production blocks 7.Jumpers on flanges not provided 8.No earthing to road tanker & storage tanks 9.No maintenance of pumps

6. Measurement of quantity of solvent in storage tank is being done from Diigital level indicator. Based on the space available in storage tank, that much qty. of solvent is unloaded from road tanker to storage tank. This work is being carried out under supervision of warehouse personnel. This procedure is being flowed to avoid over flow of storage tank during tanker unloading. 7. Double static earthing is provided to to road tanker & AG tank during unloading of solvent from road tanker to the AG tank 8. SS Flexible conductive hose is being used for unloading of solvent from road tanker 9. Earth Interlock system for road tanker during unloading is in place. 10. Preventive maintenance of transfer pump as per schedule is being done by the maintenance team. 11. Flame proof electrical fittings and equipment are installed in Solvent tanks farm area. 12. The vent lines of tanks are provided with breather valve cum flame arrester 13.Six Numbers Foam Monitors with Foam compound qty of 1000.0 Liter is provided which covers all sides of solvent tank farm area 14. Portable Fire Extinguishers are provided



(Foam: 50.0 Liters- 02 Nos., Foam: 09.0 Liters-

03 Nos., DCP: 10Kg-3 Nos.9.) 15 Fixed fire suppression system such as Water Sprinkler is provided for solvent storage tanks 16. Manually operated Foam Inductor is also provided .Foam tank of 1.0 KL capacity is provided for Foam Inductor system. 17.Fire Hydrant system with Jockey pump &diesel engine pump is provided 18.Fire/Sand buckets provided for spill control 19.OSEP is in place for controlling any fire in solvent storage tank farm area Recommendation: R3: Explore to provide “Stop Push Button” near mixing tanks in Liquid formulation blocks to stop pump in solvent storage tanks during receiving solvent by pumping from storage tanks to mixing tanks so as to avoid over filling of mixing tanks

2. Catastrophic failure of Solvent tank or Road Tanker

Pool Fire/ Tank on fire if source of ignition is present nearby

Failure of Solvent tank or Road tanker due to faulty design

Rare (1)

Catastrophic (5)

Moderate Risk (5)

High impact if fire is not controlled using internal fire suppression

1.Hydropresssure testing of solvent storage tanks has been done by the Company 2.Hydropressure testing of Road tanker is being done by the supplier/vendors as per the statutory requirements 3.Tank & Road tanker design approved by PESO



or Control system being provided at site

4.Fire Hydrant system for the solvent tanks yard is in place 5.Foam monitors (06 Numbers)are provided 6 Fixed fire suppression system such as Water Sprinkler is provided for solvent storage tanks 7. Manually operated Foam Inductor is also provided .Foam tank of 1.0 KL capacity is provided for Foam Inductor system. 8.Fire Hydrant system with Jockey pump &diesel engine pump is provided 9. Cooling of nearby tanks shall be done by hydrant system during fire on tank as per OSEP 10.Onsite Emergency Plan (OSEP) in place 11.Trained Fire Fighters are available at site for fighting a fire emergency

3. Containment (drums) failure of Toxic chemicals (all Technical materials or emission of Toxic materails or toxic dust

Severe Health hazard due to exposure to Toxic material or vapour in working area caused by spillage from containers

1.Recycled or reused drums being used by the suppliers for supplying technical materails 2.Condition of drums not being checked during receipt or during storage

Possible (3)

Moderate (4)

High (12) Impact may be high due to exposure of toxic matrial or chemicals to operating personnel

1.Condition of containers is checked by Warehouse supervisor during receipt or during storage or during dispatch to production blocks as per the SOP of warehouse 2.Spill control kit having full body air suit is provided in warehouse & production blocks 3.Emergency action for controlling spills or leakage of toxic materials & hazardous chemicals is in place 4.Scrubber provided to equipment, wherever necessary



emission during manufacturing

or during dispatch to production blocks

5.Dust collector is provided to 60 ACM , 30 SCM & 10 ACM machines in Production blocks 6.Good ventilation is provided in the work room through Turbo ventilators & by keeping the windows & shutters open during processing

QUALITATIVE IMPACT ANALYSIS WITH DOMINO EFFECT & RISK MINIMISATION CONTROLS FOR PROPSED LPG LOT SYSTEM FOR THE EXISTING DIESEL FIRED BOILER

4. Leakage of LPG from gas cylinders or from connecting adaptors

Flash fire due to LPG vapour caused by leakage and a source of ignition either from nearby pump due to mechanical failure/ friction or due to static charges or spark from electrical fittings & equipment

1.Failure of gaskets or “O” ring to LPG flexible hose connection or connecting adaptors to LPG Manifold 2.Nut bolts for flanges on LPG lines are not tightened properly 3.Jumpers are not provided to flanges on LPG lines 3.No static earthing to LPG manifold & vaporiser 4.Ball valves on LPG lines are leaking

Likely (3)

Major (4)

High Risk (12)

Major Impact of fire since Boiler is nearby and production block-30 CAM & 10 ACM extention building is also nearby

PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES: 1.Good quality gaskets or “O” ring shall be used to LPG flexible hose connection or connecting adaptors to LPG Manifold 2.Leak test of the entire Liquid Off Take (LOT) System, vaporizer and LPG lines shall be done before start up of LOT sysyem 3.Double static earthing shall be provided to LPG mani fold, Vaporiser and bonding is provided to all flanges on LPG lines 4.LPG leak sensor shall be provided near LOT system & LPG Cylinders manifold area 5. Preventive maintenance of LOT system incliding all ball valves & other safety devices siusch as Thermal Relief Valve (TRV), Pressure reducing system (Primary & Secondary), Solenoid valve etc shall be carried out by the maintenance team as per schedule. 6. Flame proof electrical fittings and equipment shall be installed in LPG LOT system area 7.Water sprinkler system shall be provided for LPG LOT system area 8.Fire Ball-5 Nos., each of 1.0 kg shall be provided for LPG Manifold area 9. Fire Hydrant points shall be provided which



covers the LPG LOT system, vaporizer & Boiler area 10.Good housekeeping shall be maintained in the LPG Manifold area area

2. Maloperation of Liquid Off Take (LOT) system & vaporiser

1.Probability of Fire & explosion caused by over pressurization of LPG LOT system & vaporizer

1.Pressure in the Maniifold header is more than the desired which may be caused by opening valves on LPG gas cylinders – valves of all 15 Gas cylinders connected to the manifold opened at a time 2.Ball valve on main header line is closed 3. Pressure gauge on main header line for LPG is not working 4.More than desired temperature (60 Deg C) in vaporizer 5.Vaporiser heater malfunctioned 6.Pressure regulating system after

Likely (3)

Major (4)

High Risk (12)

Major Impact of fire & explosion since Boiler is nearby and production block-30 CAM & 10 ACM extention building is also nearby

PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES: 1.Not more than 05 LPG Gas cylinders shall be connected to LPG manifold through connecting adaptors. 2.The Pressure in the individual Manifold shall be checked 3. Ball valve on main header line shall be kept open as per the SOP 4.Calibrated pressure gauge shall be peovided on individual LPG manofol line 5.The water level in the vaporizer shall be maintained through out the LPG vaporization as per the SOP 6.The vaporiser solenoid valve opening temperature shall be set at 60°C to avoid rise in temperature more than the desired temperature 7. The desired pressure shall be set in Pressure regulating system after vaporizer 8. Solenoid valve shall be provided to LPG

vaporizer & the opening of the solenoid

valve is set at 60° C temperature

9.LPG Pressusre reducing valve shall be

provided .The First stage regulator (Primary

PRV) is set at 1.5 kg/cm2 and the 2nd Stage



vaporizer malfunctioned 7.Pressure gauge on LPG gas line not working

regulator (Secondary) PRV) set at 0.9

Kg/cm2.

10. Thermal Relief Valve (TRV) shall be

provided

11. RTD shall be provided for temperature

monitoring in LPG evaporator or vaporiser

12.SRV shall be also provided to each LPG

manifold

13. Interlocks with evaporator temp & LPG

feed to Evaporator shall be provided.

14.Calibrated pressure shall be provided on LPG gas line 15.Water sprinkler system shall be provided for LPG LOT system area 16.Fire Ball-5 Nos., each of 1.0 kg shall be provided for LPG Manifold area 17. Fire Hydrant points shall be provided which covers the LPG LOT system, vaporizer & Boiler area



17.0 EXISTING SAFETY MEASURES &PROPOSED SAFETY MEASURES FOR MITIGATION OF IDENTIFIED RISK /HAZARDS BY THE MANAGEMENT The following safety measures have emerged during Process Hazard Evaluation related discussion with Site

EHS-In-Charge of M/s NACL-Unit-II:

17.1 Fire Safety Measures 17.1.1 Earth pits have been provided at various places in factory premises.

17.1.2 Double static earthing is provided to Solvent Storage tanks & mixing units in liquid formaulation

block

171.3 Double static earthing is provided to all equipoment being used in 60 ACM , 30 SCM & 10

ACM machines in Production blocks

17.1.3 The monitoring of earth resistance is carried out for each Earth pit.

17.1.4 The monitoring of earthing/bonding systems at a regular interval is proposed.

17.1.5 All electrical fittings, On/Off push button, Motors etc in Production BlockS & Solvent

storage tanks yard area are flame proof conforming to Exd IIB only. Flame proof weighing balance

is also provided.

17.1.6 Water sprinkler system is provided for solvent storage tanks

17.1.7 Fire Hydrant system has been provided for the site as per the details mentioned in Table-I

Table-I:SUMMARY OF FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM Sr. No.

Equipment Description Locations Qty./Nos.

1. Hose Reel Systems, 30-meter length 2. Yard Hydrant Points-Single Hydrant ENTIRE PLANT 29 NOS.

3. Foam Monitors FM-01/ STY-NORTH SIDE FM-02/STY- NORTH SIDE FM-03/ STY- WEST SIDE FM-04/ STY- SOUTH SIDE FM-05 /STY- SOUTH SIDE FM-06 /STY- EAST SIDE

06

4.1 FOAM Monitors FM-07 LIQUID BLOCK FM-08 LIQUID BLOCK

02

5. 4 Way Fire Brigade Inlet NEAR FIRE HYDRANT ROAD 01

6. Fire Hose Boxes-Double Doors AT EVERY HYDRANT POINT 29 7. Hose Pipes- 15 Meter length 2 PER EACH HOSE BOX 58 8. Branch Nozzles 1 PER EACH HOSE

BOX(JET,SPRAY AND FOAM) 29

9. Hose reels-40 meters FG AND RM WAREHOUSE 4 10. Hose reels-30 meters AT PM1,PM2-2, LIQUIDS-2, 8



POWDERS, GRANULES 11. Underground Static Water Storage

Tank AT FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM 500 KL

12. Fire Pumps 12.1 Electrical Driven Pump-Main Pump

Flow: 10.6 m3/hour HP:10

Fire hydrant pump house 01

12.2 Diesel Engine Driven Pump Flow: 137 m3/hour HP:60


12.3 Electrical Driven -Jockey Pump Flow: 61 m3/hour HP:60


17.1.8 Portable Fire Extinguishers of varying capacities & types have been provided for extinguishing a small

onsdet of fire at site as mentioned in Table-II:

Table-II: SUMMARY OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire Type Fire Extinguisher Capacity Total Grand total A type fires Water co2 9ltrs 10 Nos. 10 Nos.

A,B type fires Mechanical foam 9ltrs 18 Nos.

34 Nos. 50ltr 14 Nos. B,C type fires

DCP

25KG 04 Nos. 47 Nos.

10KG 14 Nos. 9KG 11 Nos. 6KG 07 Nos. 5KG 11 Nos.

B,C type fires CO2

9KG 14 Nos.

82 Nos.

6.8KG 04 Nos. 4.5KG 38 Nos. 3.2KG 10 Nos. 2KG 16 Nos.

All type of Fires ABC 2KG,1 KG 20 Nos. 20 Nos.

All type of Fires ABC 10 KG 8 Nos. 8 Nos. TOTAL Fire Extinguishers 201 Nos.



17.1.9 Fixed fire suppression system has been provided as per Table-III

Table-III:SUMMARY OF FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

Equipment Description Locations Existing Qty./Nos.

1. Water cum Foam Monitor SOLVENT TANK YARD 08 Nos. 2. Foam compound AFFF 3 % 2 KL

3. Auto Modular ABC Type Fire Extinguishers

NIL

4. Water Sprinkler System SOLVENT TANK YARD 72 Nos. 5 Foam Inductors & Mobile Foam

Unit of 100 Liters caapcity LIQUID BLOCK 02 Nos.

171.10 Hot work permit is in place.

17.1.11 No Smoking Siganges borads have been displayed at site

17.1.12 Trained Fire-Fighting team is available at site

17.1.13 Safety Instructions are displayed for solvent tanker unloading & fire safety

17.2 Emeregncy Preparedness Systems The Management has established a suitable Emergency Planning as below:

17.2.1 Onsite Emeregncy Plan is in place and regular mock drill is being conducted at site.

17.2.2 Wind socks (Table-IV) have been provided for monitoring the wind direction during fire

emergency & toxic emission

Table-IV:WIND SACK S. No. Location Number

1. QC-TOP FLOOR 01

2. LIQUID BLOCK TOP 01

3. SOLVENT TANK FARM 01

17.2.3 One number Assembly point is provided near office & guest house building

17.2.4 One number ECC is provided for over all controlling of an emergency

17.2.5 Fire Alarm system is provided for the entire site for communication an emergency as per the

details furnished in Table-V.



Table-V :FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

S.No NAME OF ITEM Number

1. Manual Call Point Locations: covering all section of production blocks,

41

2. Electrical siren Location: PRODUCTION AREA

01

3. Hand operated siren Location-ECC

01

6. Fire Alarm panels 16

7. Repeater Fire alarm panel 03

8. Smoke detectors 325

9. Heat detectors 136

10. BEAM detectors 04

11. Battery operated Megaphone 3

12. Intercoms Locations: ECC

625, 627

17.3 Medical Emeregncy handling facilities

17.3.1 OHC is provided

17.3.2 Washing and bathing facility is provided for workmen before leaving the site

17.3.3 Emeregncy Eye wash fountain have been provided at strategic locations based on the needs as

mentioned in Table-VI.

Table-VI :EYEWASH FOUNTAIN POSITIONS S.NO. AREA EYE WASH FOUNTAIN

1. Quality Control EWF-01 2. GRANULES 4G EWF-02 3. Liquid Filling Unit EWF-03 4. MONO Liquid Filling Unit EWF-04 5. CANTEEN AREA EWF-05 6. HERBICIDE BLOCK EWF-06 7. WARE HOUSE EWF-07 8. Solvent tank farm EWF-08 9 LIQUID BLOCK-2 EWF-09

10 FG WAREHOUSE EWF-10



17.3.4 Suitable type of Antidote (Table VII) in adequate quantity is provided at site for treating pesticide

poisoning or for any medical emergency treatment

17.3.5 Two Numbers of Self contained Breathing Appratus (SCBA) sets have been deployed in Emeregncy

Control Centre for rescue purpose

17.3.6 Emergency PPEs such as respirators, hand gloves, full body air suits , Fire suits, air breathing masks ,

etc are also available in ECC as per Table VIII for providing supply of PPEs in acse of an emergency

situation

Table VIII :LIST OF EMERGENCY PPE S. No Name of PPE Numbers

1 Organic vapour respirators 5 2 PVC suits 10 3 Rubber hand gloves 200

4 Nitrile hand gloves, 50

5 Electrical gloves 05

6 Chemical hand gloves 50

7 Heat resistance hand gloves 02

8 Helmets 100

9 Chemical splash goggles 10

Table VII:ANTIDOTES

S. No Name of the Antidote Stock in OHC

01 Decardran .inj.2ml 20

02 Avil . inj.2ml 10

03 Deriphyllin .inj.2ml 10

04 Ondem 10

05 Tet –oxadil 10

06 Lasix 5

07 Snake Anti Venam 2

08 PAM (20ml) 20

09 Atropine 50

10 Cyclo Pam 10

11 Rantac inj. 10



10 Face shields 20

11 Full Body air suit 10

12 Safety Full body Harness 10 13 Air Breathing Mask 05 14 Fire Suits 03

15 Fire Blankets 10

17.3.7 First aid boxes have been deployed as per the locations mentioned in Table-IX for rendering

first aid in case of an injury

17.4 Emission Control Measures & Spill Control Management

17.4.1 Dust collector & scrubber system is provided for 10 ACM, 30 ACM & 60 ACM production Blocks &

granulation blocks.

17.4.2 Ventilation is provided through Roof Turbo ventilators & also by keeping shutters open

Table-IX : FIRST AID BOX

S.No Location Qty, No.

1. OHC 01

2. SECURITY-1 01

3. QC 01

4 PRODUCTION LIQUIDS 01

5 ECC 01

6 SECURITY 01

7 ADMIN OFFICE 01

8 WAREHOUSE 01

9 ALL COMPANY VEHICLES GAVING EACH ONE BOX 06

14 Nos.



17.4.3 Eye wash fountain is provided outside the production blcoks for providing immediate first aid for any

spillage

17.4.4 Extraction Hoods with duct connected to a scrubber have been provided to blender, filling area &

machines, Nauta Mixer & filling area etc

17.4.5 A dedicated scrubber system with caustic tank & Pumps for circulation & blower is in place for

granulation block

17.4.6 Appropriate Hazard Warning Lables are affixed on barrels of Pesticides/Insecticides Formulation.

17.4.7 Spill control management system is in place as per the details furnished in Table-X.

Table-X: SPILL CONTROL KIT

S. No Location Number

1. QUALITY CONTROL 01

2. FG WAREHOUSE 01

3. RM WAREHOUSE 02

4. LIQUID BLOCK 01

5. POWDER BLOCK 01

6. LOQUID BLOCK-2 01

7. LIQUID BLOCK-3 01

8. GRANULES BLOCK-1 01

9. GRANULES BLOCK-2 01

17.4.8 Requisite spill control items have been provided for each spill control kit as mentioned in

Table XI.

Table-XI: ITEMS IN SPILL CONTROL KIT

S. No ITEMS

1. SODIUM BICARBONATE-10KGS

2. ABSORBENT PADS

3. SCOOP

4. PAN

5. CONDUCTIVE 5KG COVERS

6. SPONGE

7. NITRILE GLOVES

8. SPLASH GOGGLES

9. NOSE MASK 9913



10. PVC APRON

11 GOGGLES

12 EMPTY COVERS

17.4.9 Suitable extraction system over mixing tanks/ filling machines is provided and the duct is connected

to a scrubber for example: filling machine of dusting powder & granules area etc.

17.4.10 Dedicated dust collector has been provided for 30 ACM & 10 ACM, Powder &

Granulation Production Blocks

17.4.11 Production Blocks have been provided with adequate numbers of roof Turbo ventilators in addition

to adequate numbers of ventilation Windows for providing natural ventilation.

17.4.12 Production Blocks have been provided with adequate numbers of Shutters for providing good natural

ventilation

17.4.13 Operational instructions to check the level of scrubbing medium and pH measurement before start-up

of a batch is included in the Scrubber SOP

17.4.14 Sand buckets have been provided across the site as mentioned in Table-XII for containing

any spill

Table-XII :FIRE SAND BUCKET STANDS S.NO. AREA NO.OF SAND BUCKETS

1. SUBSTATION-01 04 Nos.

2. DIESEL GENERATOR 04 Nos.

3. SUBSTATION-02 04 Nos.

4. SOLVENT STORAGE TANKS 04 Nos.

5. QUALITY CONTROL & LAB 04 Nos.

6. 30 ACM BLOCK 04 Nos.

7. 10 ACM BLOCK 04 Nos.

8. HERBICIDE BLOCK 04 Nos.

9. LIQUID BLOCK 04 Nos.

10. FINISHED BLOCK 04 Nos.

11 S.C FORMULATION BLOCK 04 Nos.

12 MONO LIQUID BLOCK 04 Nos.

13 PRILLS BLOCK 04 Nos.

14 PACKING MATERIAL GODOWN 04 Nos.



15 RAW MATERIAL GODOWN 04 Nos.

16 SOLVENT STORAGE TANKS 04 Nos.

Total 64 Nos.

17.5 Standard Operating procedures/Work Instructions & Training

17.5.1 Procedure for safe stacking & storage of hazardous chemicals is in place.

17.5.2 Training is being imparted to operators & chemists for safe handling of flammable &

hazardous chemicals/ toxic chemicals at site

17.5.3 Training programme with schedule for each year is prepared and training is being imparted

accordingly.

17.5.4 Signages & Safety instructions for safe handling of Pesticides/ Insecticides in Prodcution,

Warehouse areas etc.are displayed

17.6 Personal Protective Equipment 17.6.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is provided in adequate quantity for usages based on

the nature of hazards.

17.6.2 During handling and charging of Toxic &corrosive chemicals, personal protective

equipment is selected and used to prevent exposure.

17.7 Safety Measures for Critical Safety Equipment

The Management has taken the following Safety Measures for ensuring Mechanical Integrity of

equipment/ safety instruments/ sensors etc.

17.2.1 Ultrasonic test for Granulator etc is being done through an external agency and records is

maintained.

17.2.2 SRV is also provided to diesel fired boiler

17.8 Other Safety Measures:

17.8.1 Warning signs, escape arrangements etcshall be made/are made at conspicuous places and

employees are made aware of such measures.

17.8.2 Ramps have been provided for each production block for facilitating movement of materials



17.8.3 Various types of safety applinances have beem made available at site for handling any type of

emergency. The details of safety applinaces are furnished in Table-XIII.

Table-XIII: SAFETY APPLIMNCES

S.No. Name of Safety Appliance Qty

1 Branch Nozzle (Hose Gun) 30 2 Fire Extinguishers 200

3 Spill Control Kit 10

4 SCBA 02

5 Multi gas detector (O2,H2S,CO,LEL) 01

6 Oxygen Level Meter 01

7 PVC Suit 5 8 Rubber Hand Gloves 200

9 Helmets 100

10 Face Shields 20

11 Fire Proximity Suit 2 12 Airline suit 10

13 Multi gas cartridge mask 5

14 Full body harness 10

15 Splash goggle 5

16 PVC Gloves 500

17 Safety Goggles 200

18 Nitrile gloves disposable 5000



18.0 RECOMMENDED SAFETY MEASURES TO REDUCE CONSEQUENCES OF RISK OR REDUCE OR MINIMISE HAZARDS 18.1 Respiratpry PPE selection & PPE usage monitoring shall be done in view of

Pesticide/Insecticide Technical handling in large volume

18.2 As the overexposure to hazardous chemicals and finished products can be injurious to

health, awareness of such conditions, avoidance of such conditions, use of suitable personal

protection, early detection of undesirable health conditions and medical management measures are

to be developed and included as procedures.

18.3 In view of handling of flammable solvents which generate static charge, measures to prevent

and minimize generation of static charge during transfer and handling operations as well as during

reaction should be ensured.

18.4 QRA is to be done by the Management for identification of impact of pool fire caused by CIX

Solvent & Cyclohexane storage in Tanks & for the proposed LPG LOT system. An estimation of

heat radiations at different distances from source are to be made (Recommendation R1 &R2 in

Section 13)

18.5 The Industry shoud carry out a study for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) by using software

for MCA Analysis for CIX Solvent &Cyclohexane storage in Tanks (Recommendation R1 &2 in

Section No.13)

18.6 Comply with recommendation No.R3 as mentioned in Section No.16

18.7 Coompy with all recommendations as mentioned in Section No.16 for the proposed LPG LOT

system for Boiler before start-up of modified boiler with LPG as fuel.

19.0 CONCLUSIONS

A combination of the existing In Built Safety Measures and compliance of recommended safety

measures would go a long way in reducing identified associated risks to an acceptable level. The

measures are to be periodically reviewed with reference to best available technology and safety

practices and creating awareness among employees about changes taking place. This report shall

be read in conjunction with Safety Audit reports & HAZOP & Risk Assessment.



20.0 DISCLAIMER

The EHS & Fire Safety Consultant , based upon professional experience and training, will offer

recommendations to abate violations identified during the walk-through, but does not guarantee

that all (and every), safety issues will be identified. M/s NACL Industries Limited, Unit-II ,located

in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota village, Near Ganti check post,

Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, will hold the Consultant,

harmless for violations identified but not cured; violations not identified; or any claim, dispute or

other form of controversy arising from or out of an actual or purported safety violation. M/s NACL

Industries Limited, Unit-II, located in survey No .460/1, 2, 3, 4& 5 at D.NO-4-208, Ethakota

village, Near Ganti check post, Ravulapalem Mandal in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh,

remains required to comply with Factories’ Acts & Rules, SMPV Rules and all applicable

Standards under State and CentralCodes. Consider other consultancy services that may be

available from Director of Factories, DGFASLI, your insurance carrier, and other safety

consultants.



21.0 ANNEXURE

Annexure-1: Site Lay Out Drawing



Annexure-2: Fire Hydrant Lay Out Drawing

hazard analysis and risk assessment (hara) - nacl industries

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