france-unesco convention

Putting French expertise to workfor the world’s heritage

Albania•A

lgeria•A

ngola•A

rgentin

a•A

rmenia•B

enin•B

olivia•C

ameroon•C

hile•C

hina

•Colom

bia•C

ôted’Ivoire

•Croa

tia•E

cuador

•ElSalvador•

Ethiopia•Ind

ia•Ind

onesia•Italy•Japan

•Kyrgyzstan•L

aos•L

atvia•L

ebanon

•Madagascar•

Mali•Mauritania•M

auritiu

s•M

exico•M

orocco

•Niger

•North

Korea•P

akistan•P

eru•R

omania•R

ussia•S

enegal•S

outh

Africa

•Syria•Tanzania•T

hailand

•The

Gambia•Togo•Tun

isia•Turkey•V

enezuela

•Vietnam

•Albania•A

lgeria•A

ngol

•Argen

tina•A

rmen

ia•B

enin•B

olivia•C

ameroo

n•C

hile•C

hina

•Colom

bia•

10years France-UNESCOConventionfor Heritage

of the

Albania•Algeria

•Angola•Argentina

•Armenia

•Benin•Bolivia

•Cameroon

•Chile•China

•Colombia

•Côted’Ivoire

•Croa-tia

•Ecuador•ElSalvador•Ethiopia•India

•Indonesia•Italy

•Japan•Kyrgyzstan

•Laos•Latvia

•Lebanon•M

adagascar•Mali•M

auritania•M

auritius•M

exico•M

orocco•Niger•North

Korea•Pakistan

•Peru•Rom

ania•Russia

•Senegal•SouthAfrica

•Syria•Tanzania

•Thailand•The

Gambia

•Togo•Tunisia

•Turkey•Venezuela

•Vietnam•Albania

•Algeria•Angola

•Argentina

•Armenia

•Benin•Bolivia

•Cameroon

•Chile•China

•Colombia

•Côted’Ivoire

•Croatia•Ecuador•ElSalvador•

Ministry of Foreign AffairsMinistry of Culture and CommunicationMinistry of Ecology, Energy, SustainableDevelopment and Territorial Development

ANGLAIS_COUV_UNESCO:Mise en page 1 27/07/09 18:05


of the

Graphic design

Tel.: +33 (0)1 42 67 67 90

SecretariatGuy Debonnet, Special Projects Unit, World Heritage Centre, Culture SectorIsabelle Longuet, Architecture and Heritage Direction,Ministry of Culture and Communication

Assistant programme specialistMarie-Noël TournouxEmmanuelle RobertArianna Ardesi

Ministère de l’Écologie, de l’Énergie, du Développement durableet de l’Aménagement du TerritoireFabienne Meyer

Editorial coordinationArianna Ardesi, Isabelle Longuet, Emmanuelle Robert, Marie-Noël Tournoux

Written statementsMaamoun Adbulkarim, Hamady Bocoum,Michel Brodovitch, Jean-Michel Moulod, Mohamed Ould-Khattar,Adama Sissouma, Paul Trouilloud, Minja Yang

Editorial assistanceLaurent BruelPatrick d’Andlau, Claire Jehl (trainees)

TranslationJane Degeorge et Jennifer White

PrinterChirat

© UNESCO 2009This booklet was prepared thanks to the support of the French Government:Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, Ministère de la Cultureet de la Communication, Ministère de l’Écologie, de l’Énergie, du Développementdurable et de l’Aménagement du Territoire within the framework of the France-UNESCO Convention.

http://whc.unesco.org/en/35/

Photo creditsThe figures refer to the photographs on pages 8 to 39The letters refer to photographs on pages 40 to 43

© UNESCO/Francesco Bandarin [b] [u]© UNESCO/Véronique Dauge [a]© UNESCO/Hana Ouak [81] [83]© UNESCO/Andrianaivoarivony Rafolo [d]© UNESCO/Marielle Richon [k]© UNESCO/Nuria Sanz [h]© UNESCO/Jasmina Sopova [c]© UNESCO/Junaid Sorosh-Wali [v]© UNESCO/Francis Tack [p]© UNESCO/M&G Therin-Weise [4] [i]© UNESCO/Anastasia Tzigounaki [r]© UNESCO/Gilles Walusinski [1] [7] [16] [34-38] [66] [71]© UNESCO/Éditions UNESCO – Nelly Riedel [40]© Felipe Aloceba [86]© Barbara Blanchard [85] [87]© CRATerre-Ensag [12] [15] [74-79] [f]© Nicolas Chorier [50]© Felipe Delmont [53]© Nicolas Fiévé [39] [42] [43]© Marc Heller [60] [5] [9]© Laboratoire PRODIG [41]© Lâm Duc Hiên [3] [6] [10] [51] [54-56] [58] [59] [61-64] [69] [70]© Bénédicte Leclercq [2] [13] [17] [27] [57] [x]© Bertrand Limbour [88-90] [n]© Jean-Michel Pérignon [84]© Laurent Rampon [8]© Simone Ricca [21-26]© Marie-Noël Tournoux [18-20] [e] [t]© Paul Trouilloud [44-49] [65] [91]© UICN/Geoffroy Mauvais [14] [28-32]© Sacred Sites/Martin Gray [q]© Our Place - The World Heritage Collection [s]© DR [11] [52] [67] [68] [72] [73] [80] [82] [g] [ j ] [l] [m] [o]

Front cover, from left to right © : UNESCO/Anastasia Tzigounaki,Felipe Delmont, UNESCO/Francis Tack, Bénédicte LeclercqBack cover, from left to right © : UNESCO/Nuria Sanz, Marie-Noël Tournoux,UICN/Geoffroy Mauvais, UNESCO/Véronique Dauge

France-UNESCO Convention for HeritageThe secretariat of the France-UNESCO Co-operationAgreement is run jointly by the World Heritage Centre,UNESCO and the Architecture and Heritage Directionat the French Ministry of Culture and Communication.

France-UNESCO Convention for Heritage

3

_Table of contentsIntroduction

Francesco Bandarin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Françoise Rivière . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Catherine Colonna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7A tool in the service of heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8What is the France-UNESCO Convention for heritage?The projectsThe importance of local authoritiesLever Effect

Actions 1 Support to the World Heritage Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

• Megalithic sites of Senegambia: preparatory assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14• Ancient cities of North Syria: preparatory assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16• Preparatory assistance for the inscription of the Rainforests of Atsinanana, Madagascar . .18• Saint-Louis, Senegal: support for conservation of the heritage, and for decentralisedcooperation with the urban community of Metropolitan Lille . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

• Historical Atlas of Kyoto. Spatial analysis of the memory systems of a city,its architecture and its urban landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

• Hampi, Inda: support for the elaboration of a conservation and management plan . . . . .24• Luang Prabang, Laos: support for the conservation and management of the city . . . . .26

Actions 2 Thematic projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

• Niger-Loire: Governance and culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30• Sustainable management of World Heritage for poverty alleviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32• Capacity building of local African communities in the field of heritage protectionand valorisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

• Cultural heritage inventories: a coordinated action for the Maghreb countries . . . . . . .36• Support for the conservation policy of the historic cities in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

List of projects supported or implemented in 1999-2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Elected official’s point of view /Yves Dauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Partners to the France-UNESCO Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

4


France has a greatly diversified heritage and a long history of conservation and valorisationbased on an active cultural policy. Interest in heritage has become in itself an importantfeature of French culture.France was very active in the elaboration of the World Heritage Convention, and since

its adoption in November 1972 during UNESCO’s General Conference, it has been a very activepartner in the implementation of the Convention. It has also been a member of the World HeritageCommittee and its Bureau.

In order to strengthen international cooperation, one of the key elements of the 1972 Convention,France wished to provide specific technical and financial assistance for the conservationand management of material heritage and the World Heritage in particular. Over the past ten years,in the framework of the France-UNESCO Convention for heritage, the World Heritage Centre hasdeveloped about a hundred long-term activities, focusing mainly on urban heritage, governance,and the valorisation of sites.

The future promises many challenges. Awareness rising must be pursued and excesses mustbe controlled. We must strive to set the example and encourage the recognition of heritage asa living resource to be integrated into sustainable development, in particular within the contextof urban site development.

This publication retraces the creation and realization of this programme of international solidarityfor heritage protection in the hope that it will continue and inspire similar actions.

Francesco BandarinDirector

World Heritage Centre UNESCO

5


France has always been one of UNESCO’s major partners in terms of heritage policyand technical and financial contributions, and the signing of a convention for cooperationbetween the French Government and UNESCO in 1997 testifies to the desire to givea new dimension to their collaboration.

The France-UNESCO Convention contributes to the development of concrete actionsin the framework of the major objectives of the United Nations and UNESCO conventions.

It has enabled experimentation and exploration in new realms of international cooperation,associating the bi- and multilateral entities in an innovative way. It provides an impetusto develop projects with other partners, in particular with development agencies.The Convention has proved to be an effective tool with which to meet the challengesof decentralisation, through the involvement of local authorities in all the projects,support provided for the preparation of decentralised cooperation agreements underthe aegis of UNESCO, and awareness-raising networks for local communities.

Its strong operational approach enables it to respond directly to the local needs, notablyfor capacity building that is essential for the implementation of current projects.

This new approach to international cooperation provides targeted responses to many challengesconcerning the preservation of the heritage and cultural resources in developing countries.

Françoise RivièreAssistant Director-General for Culture, UNESCO

6

©FelipeDelmont/LuangPrabrangLaoPDR.


7


France has always supported UNESCO in its heritage protection actions, whetherfor the spectacular salvage of the Nubian temples, the safeguarding of Angkor orthe ultimate attempt to prevent the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas. In this domain,our country has a long national and international tradition. Party to the World Heritage

Convention since 1975, it has actively contributed to its implementation for which inscriptionon the World Heritage List represents only the most visible aspect, compared to the reflectionsof substance which have profoundly modified the way in which it is perceived and its concreteapplication. At the national level, French legislation and its applications guarantee that heritage,as public property, be protected in an effective, innovative and progressive manner. It alsoprovides our country with a solid basis for international cooperation missions that are traditionallyat the core of its policies.

With the 1997 France-UNESCO Cooperation Convention for heritage, a new phase was embarkedupon -- inscribing bilateral projects for cooperation in a multilateral framework and at the sametime emphasizing the reinforcement of links with the international Organization.

The activities of the France-UNESCO Convention greatly benefit from the knowledge and respectivefields of intervention of the partner ministries. The Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs supportsnorth-south cooperation through decentralised collaboration, contributions to reflection for thedevelopment of cities, archaeological research, and support for cultural diversity. The Ministry ofEcology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Territorial Development provides expertise inthe field of urbanism and the habitat, landscapes and sites, water and life sciences management,and risks, in a sustainable development context. The Ministry of Culture and Communication offersits competencies for the protection and enhancement of heritage and the promotion of high-qualitycontemporary architecture. The French Development Agency mobilises its operational and financialcapacities.The fifty or so institutional and associative partners that joined the three ministerial departmentsinitially associated with the Convention, testify to the vitality of this instrument and its remarkablecapacity for mobilising and enlarging its field of action. The one hundred or so projects initiatedthanks to this Convention could not have been successfully implemented without the commitmentand expertise of our heritage professionals. By their action they contribute to the culturaldevelopment of our country and to the expression of its desire for solidarity.

Catherine ColonnaAmbassador, Permanent delegate of France to UNESCO

8


_A tool in the service of heritage

9


[1]

[2]

[1] Saint-Louis of Senegal, Senegal.[2] Madagascar, Rainforests of Atsinanana site.

For several years now, heritage has become animportant aspect of development, for not onlydoes it contain economic potential, notably

thanks to tourism, but also, on another level, it contri-butes to ensuring the continuity of the identity of apeople or a territory. It represents, for both theauthorities of a country as well as for its inhabitants,a means to affirm their differences — referencepoints in the face of accelerated socio-economicchanges that transformways of life and landscapes.UNESCO has played an important role in itspreservation at the global level.

_ What is the France-UNESCOConvention for heritage?

The France-UNESCO Convention for architectural,urban and landscape heritage is designed to res-pond to the “duty of the international communityto co-operate in the protection of the heritage” asrequired by theWorld Heritage Convention to assurethis shared responsibility.

Signed in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, theFrance-UNESCOConvention is a tool for cooperation,

by which Franceplaces financial andtechnical assistanceatUNESCO’s dispo-sal. It is piloted andmanaged by threeministries:theMinis-try of ForeignAffairs,the Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Deve-lopment and Territorial Development, and the Minis-try of Culture and Communication.

The France-UNESCO Convention is not a typical“Funds-in-Trust”: its approach is as much relationaland professional as institutional and financial. It isguided by a desire for common actions and the sha-ring of experiences between States, under the aegisof UNESCO, and to this end it mobilises, heritageand French urban development professionals, expertsand managers for these projects.

A mixed Coordinating Committee including all thepartners meets once a year to define the orienta-tions and establish a programme of actions.

10

Development Goals defined by the United Nations:multidisciplinary long-term actions enabling the inte-gration of heritage in development issues encom-passing the social dimension, considerations ofliving conditions, and territorial governance.Some twenty short- or long-term projects are imple-mented each year: identified on the basis of requestsformulated by the beneficiary countries, they areselected by UNESCO together with the French part-ners, according to geographic and thematic priori-ties. Africa is one of these priorities.

_ The importance of local authoritiesOne of the particularities of the action of the France-UNESCO Convention is also to development part-nerships with French territorial authorities — cities,regions —, associations of cities (National Associa-tion of Cities and Countries of Art and History, Inter-national Association of Francophone Mayors), aswell as with the teams of the French properties ins-cribed on the World Heritage List. The implication

The monitoring of the activity is ensured by a doublesecretariat:theWorldHeritageCentrebasedatUNESCO,and the Directorate for Architecture and Heritage ofthe Ministry for Culture and Communication.

_ The projectsIn the framework of the implementation of theWorldHeritage Convention, the France-UNESCOConven-tion contributes to the policy for geographical andtypological balance in the World Heritage List bycontributing to the preparation of new nominations.It also contributes to the management of certainsites experiencing difficulties, and to the organisa-tion of seminars and training sessions.The France-UNESCOConvention also develops broa-der actions, converging towards the Millennium

1

[3] [4] [5] [6]

[11]

The projects treat the different aspects of heritage (culturaland natural, tangible and intangible) through a territorial approach:the identification and enhancement of the resources of a territory.


of these persons dealing with the heritage is ofmajorimportance, because it provides for a level of proxi-mity by which heritage preservation can be soundlyanchored in the long term, as well as its articula-tion with local social and urban policies and theconcerns of the inhabitants. This community parti-cipation also enables us to increase our capacityfor intervention. 11

2

3

4

6 8

9

Meeting place Remarkable architecture and urbanism Public spaces for festivities Palace Temple Agricultural land Sacred mountain Forest River and waterfall987654321

7

5

[7] [8] [9] [10]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

_Lever EffectFor numerous projects, the CFU provided minimalfinancial input but essentially a qualitative one, asthis seed money enabled the mobilisation of impor-tant donors such as the French DevelopmentAgency, European Union.Over a period of 10 years and with a budget ofapproximately 3,300,000 Euros UNESCO has beenable to mobilise more than 18,000,000 Euros in theframework of the France-UNESCO Convention.


12

Actions

1


_Support to theWorld HeritageConvention

13

The WorldHeritageConventionprotectsboth culturaland naturalproperties — thecharacteristicand innovatingquality of thisinternationalnormativeinstrument.


[16]

[17]

_ Preparatory AssistanceIt consists in assisting countries in identifying theirimportant heritage properties and those suitablefor inscription on the World Heritage List. This pre-liminary step raises awareness of the heritage, andhighlights its safeguarding needs.

It also consists in accompanying the authorities of partnercountries in establishing nomination files – a long processthat requires knowledge of the subject matter and themobi-lisation of the legal, economic and social spheres. By itsaction, the France-UNESCO Convention participates in theimplementation of the World Heritage Global Strategy laun-ched in 1994 by the World Heritage Committee and whichaims to correct the List’s imbalance as regards the types ofproperties and geographic regions represented. It thus encou-rages solidarity and cooperation between the sites, in par-ticular with regard to the countries of the southernhemisphere.

_ Monitoring the state of conservationof the properties

The first priority of the World Heritage Conventionis to ensure the conservation of properties which,because of their Outstanding Universal Value, belongto all of humanity. Thus the World Heritage Centrerequires that the States Parties produce and adopta management plan for each site inscribed. Thisplan must describe the conservation policies, the

legal framework for protection, the infrastructures,and the personnel necessary for the managementof the site. It must also include plans for raisingawareness of the local population with regard to theheritage, the training of local experts in heritageconservation, and the valorisation of the site nota-bly with regard to tourism.The missions undertaken in the framework of theFrance-UNESCOConvention aim to advise the localand national authorities in the different steps invol-ved. Local capacity building is one of the preferen-tial means of intervention in this domain.

[16] The Faidherbe Bridge, Saint-Louis of Senegal.

14

Megalithic Sites of Senegambia:preparatory assistanceOn a territory of approximately 50 km long by 100 km wideon either side of the border separating Gambia from Senegal,there is a series ofmegalithic sites characterised by fourmajortypes of stone monuments. These are necropolises, formingvernacular monuments.The interest of the site decided the Heritage Directorate ofSenegal to prepare its nomination file for inscription on theWorld Heritage List.As from 2001, when the first mission arrived at the site to eva-luate its value and general condition, the France-UNESCOConvention has provided technical assistance for the prepa-ration of the nomination file. The nature of the site, its stateof conservation and the elements assembled for its inscription

_SENEGAMBIA

[18-20] Viewof the group of

Megalithiccircles.

(historical bibliography, texts relating to protection legisla-tion, site maps), left no doubt as to the universal value ofthese properties.But the complexity of the file concerning elements such ascoordinated protection between the two countries, and themedium — and long-term management procedures requiredseveral years of work.In 2004, the CRATerre Laboratory (International Centre forEarth Construction — School of Architecture of Grenoble,France) assisted the national authorities of the two countries,highly engaged in this project, with the harmonisation of theirmanagement plan (harmonisation of the management planalready under way, assistance with the production of mapsand site readings, assistance with the final presentation ofthe nomination file).In January 2005, the candidacy was submitted to the WorldHeritage Centre, and the Megalithic Sites of Senegambia,transnational properties, were inscribed on the List in 2006.


[18]

[19]

15

A work on “The Megalithic Sites of Senegambia” is almostready for publication.It will capitalise on and diffuse the results

The Gambia and Saloum Rivers mark the northern and southern boundaries of this Megalithic area, extending 120-150 km from north to south, and 250 km from eastto west, from Tambacounda to Kaolack.

Prof. Hamady Bocoum, Researcherat IFAN Ch. A. DIOP, Directorof Cultural Heritage, Senegal

The inscription of theMegaliths of Senegambiaon the World Heritage List

was the culmination of assiduouswork which, over a five-year period,mobilised Senegalese experts fromthe Directorate of Cultural Heritage,Gambians from the NationalCouncil of Art and Culture,and those persons who weremade available through theFrance-UNESCO Convention.However, these institutions concurthat the result obtained is due

especially to the excellentrelationships that were createdamongst the different partnersin the field during the preparationof “The File”. Indeed, if theSenegalese and Gambian teamsare obviously to be congratulatedfor having accomplished the taskfor which they are remuneratedas civil service officials, nothingobliged the partner teams toovercome bureaucratic obstacles foran involvement as true protagonistsof the nomination file. “The File”is what we call that which broughtus together and for the achievementof which we gave our all - ourpartners of the Convention and

of coursethe expertsthey provided.I take the libertyof infringing upontheir modestyby thankingFrancescoBandarin, LazareEloudou and Marie-Noel Tournouxin the name of the World HeritageCentre, Isabelle Longet in the nameof the Convention and mycompanions of misfortune, and truemen of the field, Roger Joussaume,eminent specialist of megaliths,and Sébastien Moriset, conductorfor “The File”.


[20]

of these years of work, to make known this extraordinary site,and to provide recognition for African research.

STATEMENT

16

Preparatory assistance forthe “Ancient Cities of North Syria”The region of the “Ancient Cities of North Syria” is of conside-rable interest, both for its historical heritage and for its land-scapeandsocio-cultural environment.However, the rapidchangesthat have occurred in the past few years and the developmentof tourism threaten the integrity of this landscape and the his-torical vestiges they contain.On several occasions, the Syrian authorities have requestedUNESCO’s assistance for their protection and inscription on theWorld Heritage List, and, to this end, the General Directoratefor Antiquities andMuseums (DGAM) undertook several studiesthatwerepresented inSeptember2001at an internationalmee-ting, as well as in the form of an exhibition in Damascus.

The technical assistance project for the preparation of a nomi-nation to the World Heritage List was initiated by the France-UNESCO Convention in 2005. The main difficulty with thepreparation of this nomination was to comprehend this terri-tory in its entirety by recognizing not only its archaeologicalvalue, but also the value of its landscape, whereas the conceptof cultural landscape does not exist in the Syrian AntiquitiesLaw; consequently, there is no legislation that enables theconsideration of a heritage ensemble on a territorial scale.In this context, the work mainly comprised the defining of theboundaries of eight “parks that, by their quality and variety,constituted a sample of the value of the limestone massif.Advice to the Syrian authorities in the creation of a protec-tion and management system to safeguard the property thatwas in keeping with the economic and tourism developmentrequirements of the country was provided: establishmentof specific decrees for the protection of the eight parks,

_SYRIA

[21]

[22]

[23] [24]

[21] Jabal Zawiya Jeradeh[22] Wadi Martaoun[23] Qalaat Seman, BasiliqueSaint-Siméon-Stylite[25] Btirsal Jabal Zawiya


17STATEMENT

Prof. Maamoun Abdulkarim,Co-Director of the ArchaeologicalMission of North Syria, Professorof Archaeology at the Universityof Damascus

TheAncient Cities of NorthSyria are one of the mostextraordinary groups of

archaeological sites in the world.It is composed of more than 700 sites dating fromRoman and Byzantine times and covering a vastregion on a group of limestone plateaux knownas the “limestone massif”.The interest of these sites resides not only intheir number, but also in their exceptional stateof preservation. The abandonment of the villageson the limestone massif as from the 8th century,and the durability of the buildings in the stoneof the limestone massif, have guaranteed theirpreservation.The “dead cities” or ancient villages areof exceptional interest because they give usa precise idea, over nearly 2000 km², of whatthe countryside looked like toward the endof Antiquity, whilst for that period, almostall of the vestiges preserved are from the cities.The nomination of the Ancient Cities of NorthSyria to the World Heritage List will certainly helpto preserve the sites and the ancient landscapeof this region for future generations. Becausethis region has been threatened by demographicexpansion over several years, it is necessaryto propose a management plan that would enablethe development of the region based on thepreservation of its cultural heritage. It is in thisperspective that we consider this project to beof great importance for the nomination of thisregion to the World Heritage List, and for whichthe international and national project team hasaccomplished professional and excellent work.

reflection at regional level on territorial development and therisks involved, strengthening of the management departmentof the DGAM, and encouragement for the creation of a mana-gement structure for the landscape.This phase of the work which will result in the establishmentof amanagement plan and an action plan for the site is currentlyunder way; in view of its complexity, the long-term commit-ment of the Syrian authorities is required.

[25]

[26]


Knowledge of these sites owes much to the work of the much regretted GeorgesTate, Professor, Director of the Franco-Syrian Archaeological Mission of North Syria.

18

Madagascar, Preparatoryassistance for the inscription ofthe Rainforests of the AtsinananaFor the most part, the rain forests of the Atsinanana are pri-mary forests. They are thus critically important in maintainingongoing ecological processes necessary and the survival ofMadagascar’s unique biodiversity. Indeed, due to the Island'sseparation from the other land masses more than 60 millionyears ago, the rainforests of Madagascar are home to uniquefauna and flora, having evolved in isolation. However, theseforests, although recognised as essential for the safeguardingof the world's unique and rich biodiversity, had not yet beeninscribed on the World Heritage List. Thus, the preparatoryassistance consisted in providing support for the preparationof a nomination file by defining management plans for the

different national parks considered for inscription.These planswere then implemented in situwith themeasures and resourcesnecessary for good conservation,monitoring and developmentof the sites.

This preparatory assistance financedunder the France-UNESCOConvention, although not a major input, served as a leverfor obtaining more substantial funding. It is thus exemplaryof the principle of the lever effect and support to coreactivities of the World Heritage Centre’s mandate, and of

[27] Educating the communitiesin the value of World Heritage.

_MADAGASCAR


[27]

[28]

19

Fauna and flora of theAtsinanana Rainforests.

assistance to Member States in preparing nomination files forcategories of properties and geographic regions that remainunder-represented.

The activity was initiated in 2005. The objective was to updatethe management plans of each of the protected areas accor-ding to the same model, and to integrate them into a generalmanagement plan. Firstly, an inventory of the available or mis-sing data for the nomination file was carried out, and public


institutions and conservation agencieswere contacted in orderto complete the data.

The serial property of the Rainforests of the Atsinanana thatcomprises six national parks distributed along the eastern partof the Island and representing nearly 40% of the overall pro-tected areas of Madagascar was submitted in 2006 and ins-cribed in 2007 at the 31st session of the World HeritageCommittee held in Christchurch, New Zealand.

[29]

[30] [31] [32]

[33]

20

The historic centre of the city of Saint-Louis of Senegal wasinscribed on the World Heritage List in December 2000. Situa-ted between the two branches of the river, between earth andsky, the Island of Saint-Louis was one of the major cities in thehistory of West African colonialism. The island has a remarka-ble architectural, urban and landscape ensemble.Following support for the preparation of the nomination file,and at the request of Senegal, the France-UNESCO Conven-tion engaged in a lengthy process of support for the protec-tion,management and enhancement of the site.This assistancealso included technical assistance for decentralised coopera-tion between the City of Saint-Louis and the urban Metropoli-tan Community of Lille.

The challenge is to elaborate the requisite management, moni-toring and control mechanisms for such an exceptional site,but also to promote the sustainable development of the citythat includes heritage, cultural and urban development.Actions focused on the implementation of complex tools forthe comprehension of the site (inventory of the buildings car-ried out in the framework of decentralised cooperation bet-ween Saint-Louis and Metropolitan Lille with the School ofArchitecture of Lille), its management (safeguarding plan), andinstitutional support (HeritageHouse).They also took into consi-deration the social conditions of the inhabitants of the Island,with a pilot operation of micro credits to families for projectsassociating economic activity and habitation maintenance.

_SENEGAL


Saint-Louis, Senegal: support for conservation of the heritageof the city, and for decentralised cooperation with the urbancommunity of Metropolitan Lille

[34] Generalview

of Saint-Louisof Senegal. [34]

21

STATEMENT

The Urban Communityof Metropolitan Lille

Asregards safeguardingand valorisation strategies,cooperation between

Saint-Louis and Metropolitan Lilleis representative in more ways thanone of the evolution of decentralised cooperation.From a twinning, it was progressively transformedinto a multipartite cooperation. Numerousdevelopment and cooperation entities weremobilised and enabled the launchingof a sustainable partnership for the integratedurban development of the city. The cooperationprogramme established between the twocommunities was based on global and coherentsupport to the urban management for capacitybuilding of local project managers, and to providethe tools to assist in decision-making. As concernsheritage, the programme combined safeguardingand valorisation actions, in close partnership withthe World Heritage Centre. Notably, MetropolitanLille mobilised its expertise and that of Lille’sSchool of Architecture and Landscapein 2002 for an architectural and urban inventorythat necessitated four years of work. Basedon this solid inventory, and in parallel withawareness-raising and information activitiesin favour of the inhabitants, the work for theestablishment of the Safeguarding and ValorisationPlan began. Decentralised cooperation wasvaluable in the development of management toolsfor the Island, and their adoption locally, throughconcrete action in the framework of a projectconcept privileging participative management.The challenge now is for the entities involvedto manage together and in a sustainable manner,this universal property.

Likewise, in response to requests, technical assistance wasprovided to both the national authorities and the municipality.Today, the enhancement of the fluvial aspect of the city mustbe pursued, focusing on the environmental implications andlarge-scale urban planning. One of the priorities is to intensifytraining and guarantee long-termcooperation by ensuring goodcoordination between the different actors.


The Faidherbe Bridge, Saint-Louis of Senegal.

[36] Conservation and development can be compatible as long as modernbuildings are harmoniously integrated with the heritage values of a site.[37-38] Safeguarding and development must be based on the carefulidentification of the heritage values of a site.

[35]

[37]

[38][36]

22

[40] UNESCO, Nicolas Fiévé (Dir.),Historical Atlas of Kyoto, Spatialanalysis of the memory systemsof a city, its architecture and urbanlandscape, UNESCO/Editions del’Amateur, Paris, 2008, 528 pages.

_ JAPAN

[39] View of theKamo River andin the backgroundthe commercial quarterof Sanjô-Kawaramachi.[39]

[40]

Home of Japanese culture for more than a thousand years,Kyoto was the capital of the Japanese Empire from its foun-ding in the 8th century to the mid-19th century. Miraculouslyspared by the bombings of WWII, present-day Kyoto retracesthe evolution of Japanese wooden architecture and the artof Japanese gardens, and testifies to a unique form of inter-action between man and nature.In the framework of its “Cities of Asia: Heritage for the Future»programme, UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre supported theresearch programme on urban transformations of the city ofKyoto conducted by a group of French and Japanese univer-sity scholars studying contemporary phenomena of the deve-lopment of the city of Kyoto, which is representative ofnumerous Asian cities.This research project on the transformation of the urban land-scape of Kyoto was developed in a broad perspective with theinput of several disciplines including history, anthropology,


Historical Atlas of KyotoSpatial analysis of the memorysystems of a city, its architectureand urban landscape

urban planning and architecture. It resulted in the HistoricalAtlas of Kyoto. Spatial analysis of the memory systems of acity, its architecture and urban landscape which takes a lookat the cultural, political, economic, social, religious, archi-tectural and urban history of the city through its spatial evo-lution. This focused reference tool for research in human andsocial sciences on the city of Kyoto studies the place androle that exceptional but fragile cultural properties can assumein recomposing new urban landscapes within the moderni-sation process of the traditional habitat.The France-UNESCOConvention financed articles of twenty-one of the researchers working on this project.

Prepared under the direction of Nicolas Fiévé, the Atlas, publi-shed in 2008, is based on ancient and modern epigraphicsources and includes numerous previously unpublished archivedocuments, and more than 200 original maps.

[42] Himukai daijingû Sanctuary at Kujôyama.[41] Sectors of the outstanding site and the protected natural landscape.

23

[43] View ofthe large toriiand the mainentranceto the HeainShrine builtin 1895to celebratethe 1100th

anniversaryof the transferof the capital.

[41] [42]

[43]


24

Hampi, India: supportfor the preparationof the conservationand management planThe monumental ensemble of Hampi was inscribed on theWorld Heritage List in 1986; in 1999 it was placed on the Listof World Heritage in Danger. This measure was motivated bythe beginning of the construction of two suspension bridgesthat dominated the natural environment and threatened the inte-grity of the site by a significant increase in heavy traffic withinthe inscribed perimeter.Following the recommendations of the joint UNESCO-ICOMOSmission of February 2000, the Indian authorities undertookconsiderable work to improve the condition of the site and toensure its conservation andmanagement. It is important to notethat at the beginning of the years 2000, the essential elements

_INDIA

[44] TheTiruvengalanatha

templeprotected and

managed by theArcheologicalSurvey of India(ASI) is next to

vast plantations,babana trees,coconut trees.

for monitoring the management plan were still lacking, notablythe mapping tools for clearly identifying the constructible andnon-constructible zones, the cadastral map, legislation to controlconstruction work and interventions on the ancient site.Therefore, long-term work was required. At the request of thenational authorities, and in close collaboration with the UNESCOOffice in New Delhi, the France-UNESCO Convention providedexpertise as from 2000 onwards.In June 2006, these efforts resulted in the removal of the pro-perty from the List of World Heritage in Danger, at the 30th ses-sion of the World Heritage Committee, in Vilnius. Throughin-depth study of the territorial development, elaboration of thefirst elements for an urban plan of the site and its implemen-tationwere facilitated.A pilot experiencewith a specific approachto architectural, urban and landscape heritage is currently beingcarried out in the most ancient village.After the collapse of a bridge in the final phase of its construc-tion, at the end of 2008, a new location for it, at a distancefrom the site, is under study.


[44]

[45]

[46]

[45] This stone bas relief (16e century) represents the commercial riverboating tradition.

[46] General view of the Matanga Hill site close to Hampi :spectacular landscape of rocky hills, plantations and architecture,crossed by a river.

25

Paul Trouilloud, Architectof Batiments de France, DepartmentalChief for Architecture and Heritage,Ministry of Culture and Communication,DAPA

If the notion of “culturallandscape” has a sense,it is exemplified by the site

of Hampi. A vast site of 42 km²inscribed on the World HeritageList, and with outstandinglandscape qualities, it contains themajor archaeological vestiges ofwhat was the capital of the last greatHindu kingdom and one of thelargest cities in the world in the16th century. It is also a living sitewith 29 villages and agriculturalactivity covering a large part ofthe site. As an important pilgrimagesite for Hindus, it welcomes800,000 tourists per year and hasa vocation of becoming a majordestination in southern India.The site is undergoing rapidevolution and the major threats

reside in the inefficiency ofthe planning and management toolsfor the site. The approach to the siteis complex because it must take intoconsideration very different scales.Mapping issues proved to beessential, and satellite imagerywas associated with traditionaltopographic surveys to producethe first tools.Cooperation enabled assistancefor the preparation of a first generalurbanism document coveringthe entire site (Master Plan).The Indian urban approach, verydependant on land-use zoning,was guided towards a considerationof urban concepts and structures.Likewise, the patrimonial approach,which was mainly focused onmonumental architecture throughthe archaeological services, waswidened to vernacular habitationsthanks to a pilot experienceconducted at one of the villages.Consideration of the landscapedimension, still in its early stage –

merits furtherinvestment.Managementof urbanismpermits andarchitecturalcounsel wasprogressivelyensured by atechnical entitywithin the localauthority.

In a very different context, Frenchmethodologies for urbanismand management of sensitive areasproved pertinent and adaptable.These tools have raised thekeen interest of our interlocuters,and France, enjoying an excellentreputation in these domains, shouldtake measures to diffuse them.Cooperation reveals itself hereto be a fruitful mutual exchange,and the close collaboration withthe UNESCO Office of New Delhiis essential in this process.

STATEMENT


[47] [48] [49]

[47] The sacred silhouette of the gopura Virupaksha temple is a landmark in the landscape. [48] The Virupaksha temple is a living monument and an important pilgrimage. It attracks a greatnumber of pilgrims all year round. This religious activity is more important than tourism. [49] Example of local village architecture. Craftmanship (sculpture and carpentry) is still very much alive.

26

Luang Prabang, Laos:support for the conservationand management of the cityThe city of Luang Prabang was inscribed on the World HeritageList inDecember 1995.Situated inmountainous northern Laos,at the confluence of the Mekong and the Khan Rivers, LuangPrabang is the ancient royal capital of one of the Lao kingdoms.The Outstanding Universal Value of the site is based on theclose relationship between the built structures and the natu-ral environment, and the juxtaposition of urban Laotian ele-ments (woodenvernacular architecture) andorthogonal elementscharacteristic of Colonial urbanism.A programme for the safeguarding and development of the sitewas already established in 1996 with the support of the cityof Chinon and the Région Centre in the framework of decen-tralised cooperation. Backed by several partners, notably theFrench Development Agency and the European Union, thisprogramme enabled the creation of a management body for

[50] Luang Prabang is situated on a peninsula between the Mekongand its tributary, the Nam Khan, in the mountains of northern Laos.

[52] Alleyways rehabilitated in the framework of the restoration project financedby the French Development Agency (AFD): improvement of living conditionsin the protected sector.

[51] A city with a religious vocation and many pagodas.

_LAOS

the World Heritage site (Heritage House), the implementationof restoration and urban renovation work (roads, development,building restoration, drainage, renovation of humid zones), andthe establishment of a Plan for the Safeguarding and Valorisa-tion (PSMV) of the protected site.Since its inscription, tourism development of the city with itsstrong economic and demographic growth, demands work ona greater scale than that of the inscribed site, and the consi-deration of social, economic and environmental issues.In order to reduce pressure on the historic site and to encou-rage the well-balanced development of the site and its region,two complementary procedures have been undertaken:• a procedure for planning the urban and territorial develop-ment on a peri-urban scale:definition of a Schema of Territorial


[50]

[51]

[52]

27

STATEMENT

Michel Brodovitch, Architectof Batiments de France, Board Memberof the Department of Civil Engineering

Luang Prabanghas undergone profoundchanges since its

inscription. Above and beyondits restoration work, a new cityhas arisen from a shared conceptof the components that comprise itsvalue: utilitarian value and patrimonialvalue indissociably linked. The challengewas not to fall into the trap of seeking atall cost a reference to a supposedly original state.Over the past ten years, working togetherwe have produced this original state basedon elements preserved at the site.The city has developed through a seriesof exchanges between cultures and populations andthe urban restoration work undertaken is inscribedin this same development process. The frameworkdefined by the authorities, based on the proposalsof our group of technicians, can only attain itsvalue through its transcription by the inhabitants.In this sense the conservation and enhancementproject of Luang Prabang would appearto be successful due to:- development that has respected the proportionsof the city without restraining it.- exemplary restoration that called upon traditionalknow-how and rehabilitated the image of thesebuildings in the eyes of the inhabitants.- adapted roadworks reconciling technical utilitywith urban enhancement.- support for development projects by the HeritageHouse which continues to have ever strongerlinks with the other services.New demands are being made which mustbe analysed without short-sightedness with regardto the past. Today we are protecting the solutionsof our predecessors as regards the managementof new issues in their time.


[53] Traditional daily begging around the bonzes: a religious ritual that is still alivebut destabilised by the tourism boom.

[54] The humid zones of Boua Kang Bung restored with support from the European Union:to rehabilitate the green lungs of the city and restore its utility value to the inhabitants.

[53]

[54]

Coherence (SCOT), with a reflection on the uses and functionsof the city;• a procedure for the preservation of the natural environmentand human dwellings, and support for the development of ruralareas (scale of the catchment basin of the Nam Khan): eco-valley project of the Nam Khan. This action could result in thecreation of a biosphere reserve in the catchment basin of theNam Khan (UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme).This project, supported since its initiationby theFrance-UNESCOConvention, is a reference in termsofmethodology (urban reno-vation of World Heritage sites), and in terms of a cooperationmodel (multi-bilateral cooperation involving UNESCO, localcommunities and donors).

28

Actions

2_Thematic projects


[55] Regionof Mopti, Mali,in low waterperiod: in theheart of theNiger Upper

Delta, a culturallandscapeshaped

by the River.

29

The implementation of thematic projects integrating reflection onheritage in a broader approach covering territorial and urbandeve-lopment, the realization of Millennium Goals, poverty alleviation,

capacity-building at the State and local community partner level, areall UNESCO priorities.These are particularly ambitious projects considering heritage andculture in their widest sense and requiring coordination betweenspecialists from different professional backgrounds.One of the objec-tives of these projects is to create a synergy between the differentinternational conventions signed byStates under the aegis of UNESCO:World Heritage Convention, Convention for Cultural Diversity, IntangibleHeritage Convention…The French partners contribute through the development of long-termexperimental actions, intervening in specific areas (heritage invento-ries, urban conservation, landscape management) and in this waysystematically contributing towards the training of professionals.More recently, the World Heritage Centre developed a reflection onhistorical urban landscapes in order to help the Committee and theinternational community meet the new challenges raised by the deve-lopment and valorisation of cities and urban conservation. To this end,UNESCO will elaborate a new International Recommendation.The French experience can enrich the debate of the internationalcommunity on this issue and, furthermore, benefit from this innova-tive thematic reflection.The current work conducted by UNESCO in the field of natural heri-tage and cultural landscapes, has led France to carry out a reflectionon agropastoralism.


[55]

[56]

[57]

30

“Niger-Loire:Governance and Culture”The “Niger-Loire: “Governance and Culture” project, coordi-nated by the France-UNESCO Convention, and co-financedby the European Commission, was launched inMali in Novem-ber 2007, continuing the reflection begun in 2004 on theenhancement of the Upper Delta of the Niger River as a cul-tural landscape. This territory constitutes a rich natural andcultural reservoir of outstanding heritage (several World Heri-tage sites, a Ramsar site). The many resident communities(Peul breeders, Bozo fishermen….) have developed practicesand methods of production and land use adapted to the sur-roundings. Today, this equilibrium between man and his envi-ronment is compromised. The river is facing numerousenvironmental threats linked in particular to repeated periodsof drought in the Sahel and pressure from human activitiesin urban areas, resulting in the pollution of the aquatic envi-ronment or a reduction of the halieutic resources. As yet verylittle developed, the Niger River will undergo major changesin the coming years linked to hydraulic developments (dams

_NIGER-LOIRE

[58] The GreatMosque Djenne.

The WorldHeritage siteof Djenne is

situated on theBani, a tributary

of the NigerRiver.

[59] In Bamako,the proliferation

of floatingvegetation dueto the pollutionof the aquaticenvironment

hindersnavigation.

and locks) planned, in particular, in Guinea, that will alter itsmorphology and the way of life of the resident populations.The project is part of a phase for the enhancement of the envi-ronmental and cultural resources linked to the river. It targetsthe local communities of the Niger River who, in the frameworkof decentralisation, are obliged to take control in the manage-ment of the water and its purification. The project also aims tostrengthen the capabilities of the officials and techniciansthrough training activities, to better comprehend the culturalresources linked to the river (cultural inventory of tangible andintangible heritage), to explore the behaviour of local popula-tions in respect to water resources (anthropological survey)and the impact of human activities on the river (fishing, agri-culture, breeding, construction). Finally, and more globally, theproject aims to raise awareness among the local populationwith regard to the safeguarding of the River, and to contributetowards the cultural recovery of the river through educationalor artistic activities.The project is based on cooperation between Niger and theLoire, mobilising territorial communities involved in decentra-lised cooperation, universities and technical institutions: in thissense it constitutes the most successful experience to date of“river-to-river cooperation”.


[58] [59]

31[60] The village of Tongorongo in the region of Mopti: vernacular architecture with a direct relation to the River. [61] In Bamako, the use of chemical dyes has become an environmentaland public health problem. [62] In the region of Mopti, the construction of fishing vessels is a recognised savoir-faire. [63] Labour intensive work in sand extraction; the long-term impactof this activity on the River is unknown.

STATEMENT

Adama Sissouma, National Directorof Territorial Communities of Mali

The “Niger-Loire:Governance and Culture”project was conceived in

close collaboration with the NationalDirectorate of TerritorialCommunities (DNCT) and theAssociation of Municipalitiesof Mali (AMM). In priority ittargets the local riverine communitiesof the Niger River, which ensuresthe management, equipment and theexploitation of hydraulic equipmentin the framework of decentralisation.Thus the water managementof the Niger River is not the soleresponsibility of the State.

In the framework of decentralisedwater management, this project willcontribute, on the one hand,to the preservation of thesocio-economic potentialof the River, the protection of thebiological diversity of the fluvialecosystem, and the mitigationof threats to the River. It will alsoprovide leverage for cooperationbetween communities in orderto rally all the vital forces of theriverine communities to accept theirrole and responsibility. The culturaldimension is also important, as thisproject demonstrates that heritageis a vehicle for development.It is clear that for efficient watermanagement of the River,

an adequate politicaland legal frameworkthat can facilitatenetworking betweenthe communitiesis necessary. Thisframework will enablea true sharing ofresponsibilities betweenNiger’s territorialand riverine communitiesand a mobilisation of financialand human resources for theNiger-Loire project. With thisapproach, the populations willno longer be considered as meresubjects of the administration, butrather as full participants in themanagement of their environment.


[60] [63][62]

[61]

32

Sustainable managementof World Heritagefor poverty alleviationUrban heritage preservation policies, when not combined withdevelopment strategies, can lead to the marginalisation of thepoorest segments of the population. In the absence of sup-portmechanisms, the constraints induced by the legal clauses,engender exclusion phenomena for certain categories of thepopulation. Likewise, tourism development stimulates real-estate speculation and destabilises the local commercial fabricwhile threatening the services intended for the local popula-tion (schools, neighbourhood shops…). The erosion of the pur-chasing power of the inhabitants and the transformation oftheir traditional living environment often causes them to moveelsewhere.It is in this context that, in 2002, UNESCO’s World HeritageCentre launched a project entitled “Sustainable managementof World Heritage for poverty alleviation”. It is inscribed inthe framework of a call for tender launched in 2002 by theDirector-General of UNESCO for the selection of intersectoral

projects on the themeof “Theeliminationof poverty andextremepoverty”. It aims at promoting a process integrating heritageconservation and sustainable development and at exploringsupport mechanisms for the populations.Five sites were selected amongst the sites inscribed on theWorldHeritage List (or on the Tentative List): Porto-Novo (Benin),Saint-Louis (Senegal), the six canal cities (China), LuangPrabang(Laos) and Georgetown (Guyana). At each site, in-situ studieswere carried out in pilot areas to explore, in particular, thesocio-economic profile of the inhabitants and the land owner-ship situation. Based on these studies, small scale operationshave been initiated:creation of a fund to assist inhabitants with

_INTERREGIONAL


[64] At Djenne, Mali, as at other World Heritage sites, waste management is a centralissue for populations and tourism development of the city.

[64]

[65]

[67][66]

33

the rehabilitation of their homes, training in income-generatingactivities, creation of a tourism tax, awareness-raising withinthe school system.These small-scale actions contributed to the synergy produ-ced by other programmes underway at the same sites (pro-jects supported by the European Union, TheWorld Bank or theInter-AmericanDevelopment Bank; decentralised cooperationagreements).The France-UNESCOConvention providedmethodological sup-port to this intersectoral project, through economic and legalexpertise provided by the Caisse des depots et consignations(creation of a support fund, tourism tax).


[68] Porto-Novo, Benin, Accron and Gbecon quarters:the vernacular fabric is much degraded.

[68] [72]

[73] [71]

[70]

[69]

[69-70]Luang Prabang, Laos:with the restorationof the humid zonesthese areas havebeen cleanedup and theireconomic functionrestored to theinhabitants.The perennity oftraditional savoir-faireis also an economicwager.

[71] Saint-Louis,Senegal: anexperimentaloperationassociatingmicro-creditand subventionfor rehabilitationhas enabledthe inhabitantsof the southernquarters to developincome generatingactivities.

34

Since 2003 on the occasion of the organization of the spe-cial session on heritage at the Africities 3 Summit (Yaounde),the Municipal Development Partnership (MDP) and UNESCOhave been collaborating to ensure that African municipalitiesare concerned with heritage issues.The France-UNESCOConvention, with support from the FrenchSenate and in cooperation with several partners, has there-fore worked on defining a project to strengthen the capaci-ties of local African communities in this field, to be carriedout in stages and which is currently underway.The book Cultural Heritage and Local Development. Guide forAfrican local communities, prepared at the request of theauthorities, was elaborated and co-edited with CRATerreENSAG in 2006. It was presented and distributed at a specialsession on heritage organized during Africities 4, (Nairobi,2006). On this occasion, the officials emphasized the primaryimportance of training, not only for municipal technicians, butalso for decision-makers as well, and requested UNESCO toprepare and implement training for heritage and culturalresources management.The first phase of the reflection on a global training strategyand its implementation took place at a three-daymeeting heldin Paris, 3 to 5 September 2007. This meeting was the occa-sion to meet the key individuals in the heritage and urbanism

Capacity-building of local African communitiesin the field of heritage protection and enhancement

_AFRICITIES

[74]The "Cultural

Heritageand Local

Development"Manual waspublished

in September2006.

fields and/or the local African communities, to appreciatetheir shared interests, and take stock of expectations in regardto the training. Training professionals from Africa and theirFrench counterparts attended the meeting.Based on the results of this encounter, a two-year pilot phase(2008/2009) was launched for this training activity. TheFrance-UNESCOConvention and the PDM, joined by the Inter-national Association of Francophone Mayors (AIMF) in 2008,are the project leaders, with technical assistance of CRATerreENSAG. The first training session, for officials of Benin, Togoand Burkina Faso, took place in November 2008 in Porto Novo,Benin, from 18 to 21 November. This awareness-raising semi-nar, which took place at the École du patrimoine africain, EPA,(African Heritage School) was organized jointly with the works-hop for Cultural Heritage Directors of the Africa 2009 Pro-gramme. In 2009, training at the national level is scheduledfor Mali and Mauritania.


[74] [75]

[76]

Jean-Michel Moulod, Mayorof Grand-Bassam, Côte d’Ivoire

Onthe occasionof the Africities 2003Summit in Yaounde,

during which I presented mycommunication on the theme“Grand-Bassam: Cultural City,Heritage City’’, I grasped thenecessity of integrating the notionof cultural heritage in allthe sustainable development projectsof my city. Culture, sourceof reconciliation and peace,is inevitably a part of the economicdynamism not only of a country,but also of a locality. Thus, with aconcern for the conservation andenhancement of this rich historical

and architectural heritage of the cityof Grand-Bassam, it is important togive priority to its protection throughconcrete actions of rehabilitation,restoration and safeguarding,but also by training the localauthorities who are in charge of thedaily management of the property.This is why I actively participatedin the important capacity buildingseminar for local communities from18 to 21 November 2008, in PortoNovo, Benin, together with theCultural Heritage Directors.This encounter facilitated theharmonisation of viewpointsconcerning the heritage of localcommunities and was particularlyenriching for the African officialspresent and their collaborators

in charge ofheritage. Suchencounters shouldbe renewedfor the benefitof the chief sitemanagers.I wish to thank allthose responsiblefor the different structures involved,notably: the International Associationof Francophone Mayors (AIMF);the Partnership for MunicipalDevelopment (PDM),the France-UNESCO Convention(France-UNESCO Convention),CRATerre, ENSAG, France,and the African Heritage School(EPA) who facilitated this trainingactivity.

STATEMENT

[77] Koutammakou, the village of the Batammariba "Those who shape the land".

35


[77] [78][79]

36

Identification and inventorying are fundamental operations inthe protection and management of heritage. In the frameworkof the World Heritage Convention (1972) and the more recentIntangible Heritage Convention (2005), UNESCO encouragesStates Parties to establish inventories of their properties.

Cultural Heritage Inventories:a coordinated action for the Maghreb countries

_MAGHREB

This subject was broached by the France-UNESCO Conven-tion on several occasions in the past – notably in support ofsome African countries (Dakar 2003) – and currently is thetheme of a project for all the Maghreb countries.Indeed, the UNESCO Rabat Office was frequently requestedto provide support in carrying out inventories in the sub-region(Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya). An analy-sis of the situation highlighted the need for these countriessharing comparable heritage and a fairly similar generalcontext, to proceed with a collective action instead of indivi-dual and separate work in each country. It also transpired thatin the different countries there existed a clear desire for sucha procedure as well as the need to proceed methodicallybased on experience acquired in this field.The first phase of this work was the organization (jointly withUNESCO and the European Commission) in December 2008,of an international workshop convening approximately thirtyparticipants representing the heritage authorities of elevenMediterranean countries. Analysis of the local situations andrecent institutional developments with regard to inventories,enabled participants to describe the national situations regar-ding the production of data, the establishment of the inven-tory and the strategic orientations of the inventory tool. Atthe end of the discussions, a series of recommendations,notably on training, legislation and international cooperation,were collectively prepared. The final day was devoted morespecifically to UNESCO’s task of preparing the way for futureactions and the implementation of the recommendations inthe five Maghreb countries. The objective is to launch pilotoperations in 2009/2010.


[82] Algeria, Roman ruins of Tipasa.

[80] Algeria, door of the Kasbah at Bejaïa [81] Algeria, view of the Kasbah of Algiers

[80] [81]

[82]

37[83] Algeria, Kasbah of Algiers. [84] Mauritania. [85] Morocco, Historic City of Meknès [86] Tunisia, Kairouan: Great Mosque, archaeological site and Islamic cemetery.[87] Morocco, Historic City of Meknès.

Mohamed Ould-Khattar,Programme Specialist,UNESCO Office, Rabat, Morocco

The France-UNESCOConvention is an excellenttool for cooperation that

has enabled the carrying out ofa number of pertinent actions withrelative ease and great effectiveness,and which I directly bore witnessto over a period of severalyears in sub-Saharan Africaand the Maghreb.These actions mainly focusedon inventorying, to which Francecontributed its globally recognisedexperience and expertise.

The mobilisation of several Frenchdepartments and the provisionof human resources for multilateralcooperation via UNESCOalso enabled significantadvances in this crucial phaseof all heritage protection work,that of inventorying.All of these actions pilotedby the France-UNESCOConvention in Senegal, Cameroon,Ethiopia and the Maghreb countrieswere initiated in response to theexpectations of these countries andtheir cultural heritage professionalswhose concerns and preferenceswere always taken into account.The partnerships thus forged

providedfor fruitfuland mutuallyadvantageousexchangesbetween theprofessionalsof the beneficiarycountries and theFrench expertsmade available in the frameworkof the France-UNESCOConvention. Solid professionaland friendly relationshipswere created for internationalcooperation in the service of themanagement, protection and theenhancement of World Heritage. S

TATEMENT


[83]

[85]

[84][86] [87]

38

Support to the ConservationPolicy for the HistoricCities of IndiaSince 2006, the France-UNESCO Convention supports theUNESCO Office in New Delhi which, jointly with the Indianauthorities has taken initiatives for the safeguarding of thehistoric centres of India. The country is experiencing rapideconomic growth and profound transformations that have amajor effect on the configuration of the territory: multiplica-tion of road and industrial infrastructures, urban expansion,etc. The conservation of historic centres is thus pertinent andurgent. It is in this context that UNESCO proposed to createa Heritage Commission, as well as a network of historic citiesin India, and invited the French partners (National Associa-tion of the Cities and Countries of Arts and History and the

_INDIA

Cities with Safeguarded and Protected Sectors, and the Centrefor Higher Studies of Chaillot), to create links and establishcooperative activities having the same objective.A seminar to launch a network for historic cities was held inJaipur in September 2006, and resulted in about ten Indiancities signing the charter of commitment.An appeal was laun-ched to other Indian cities to participate in this initiative, andtoday the network includes half a dozen members.A study trip was organized in France in September 2008 forrepresentatives, officials and technicians, of nine Indian citieswho visited Paris, Rennes, the Loire Valley, La Rochelle andBordeaux. The objective of themission was to illustrate exam-ples of integrated development and planning where heritageis taken into account as an essential part of the urban site.These examples included dwellings, public infrastructures andequipment, public spaces and transportation systems.The Indian delegation was very interested in the differentexamples presented and the exchanges with the French cities,and indicated its desire to pursue these network-to-networkexchanges and envisage technical cooperation with thesecities.

For UNESCO, the objective today is to continue to play thefacilitator role and encourage the Indian city network to increasein autonomy.


[88]

[89] [90]

39

Minja Yang, Former Directorof the UNESCO Office, New Delhi,and former Deputy Directorof the World Heritage Centre

The tenth anniversaryof the implementationof the France-UNESCO

Convention gives methe opportunity to celebratethe continuous efforts of Franceand UNESCO to prove that“culture counts”, and that it canbe in the service of a developmentstrategy based on culture.Through this framework agreementthat I had the pleasure of initiatingand coordinating until 2006,I had the chance to witnessthe fructification of cooperationand exchanges betweenprofessionals of very differentprofiles and cultures, but animatedby the same passion and willto convince that it is sometimespossible to go against the currentand save fragile heritage thatis too often condemned to givingway to projects with no ambitionor daring, but which reflect popularand dominant economic models.

That is the challenge. No, heritageconservation does not create mortalmausoleums, elitist and tooexpensive to maintain, as thedetractors claim. On the contrary,it is an extraordinary lever covering

many fields of competence –economy, science, education,culture, communication – and thatcan be a real asset in reinforcingsocial and economic developmentrelationships, both at local andnational levels, when it is trulyintegrated in audacious andcoherent policies.

From 2006, in India, as theDirector of the UNESCO Office inNew Delhi, we have worked withthe federal government, differentStates and several cities, to set upa network of living heritage cities inorder to encourage an approach thattakes into consideration the heritageas an integral part of urbanand territorial development.

Thanks to experts provided underthe France-UNESCO Convention,UNESCO has been able toassociate itself with many projectsin heritage cities and to workwith networks of cities suchas the Association of the Mayorsof Historic Cities of China,the Association of Historic Citiesof Turkey, and initiatethe establishment of the IndianHeritage Cities Network. ThroughFrance-UNESCO, the experienceof French cities in urban heritagemanagement is contributing towardsthe promotion of UNESCO'sstrategy in "humanising the city"

for a sustainablefuture. On theoccasion of thetenth anniversaryof France-UNESCOConvention,I express mysincere thanksto the variousministries of the Governmentof France, its experts as wellas those of the universities andNGOs of France, for havingsupported UNESCO and lookforward to their continuingsolidarity.

STATEM

ENT

[88-90] New Delhi. [91] Hampi.

The Regional Office of UNESCO, jointly with the Indian authorities,has taken initiatives for safeguarding the historic centres of India.The country is experiencing rapid development and profoundtransformations which have a major effect on the configurationof the territory: multiplication of road and industrial infrastructures,urban expansion, etc. Conservation of the historic centres is thusboth pertinent and urgent.


[91]

40

_List of projects19992009

The projects are grouped below by region, and alphabetical order of the countries, followed by transnationalprojects. The dates indicated correspond to the planning and implementation years.

The [figures] refer to the pages of this publication when projects are mentioned. The [letters] refer to the illustrations.

_Africa and the Indian Ocean

South Africa: Management of thenatural Santa Lucia Park and themixedDrakensberg Park, 2001-2002.Technical assistance and preparatoryassistance. [a]

Angola:Strategy for the preservationof rock art sites, 1999-2000. Prepa-ratory assistance and support for theGlobal Strategy.

Benin,Ouidah: The Slave Route, andPortoNovo: Preparation of the nomi-nation file of the city, 1999, 2000,2001, 2002. Preparatory assistance,feasibility study. Support for decen-tralised cooperation with the City ofLyon, France.

Benin:Support to the School for Afri-can Heritage (ÉPA) of Porto Novo,2001-2004. Technical and pedago-gical assistance, distance learningmodule.

Cameroon: Support for updating theNational InventoryofCultural Property,2002-2003. Technical assistance.

Central Africa:Preparatory assistancefor the inscription of the forest and theresidential encampments of the AkaPygmiesof theCentralAfricanRepublic,2007-2008. Preparatory assistance.

Côte d’Ivoire•Preparation of the nomination fileof Grand Bassam and capacity buil-ding in the field of heritage, 2007-2009. Preparatory assistance.

•Diagnostic support. Feasibilitystudy for the inscription of EhotiléIsland. 2008, Support for urgentmis-sions. Preparatory assistance.

Ethiopia, Tiya: Extension of the site,1999. Preparatory assistance.

Ethiopia: Support for updating theNational Inventory of Movable andImmovable Cultural Property, 2001.Technical assistance. [b]

Mauritius: Seminar on awarenessraising and presentation of the Ten-tative Lists, 2002. Preparatory assis-tance and support for the GlobalStrategy. Participation of experts. [c]

Madagascar, Ambohimanga: Prepa-ration of the nomination file, 1999.Preparatory assistance for the pre-paration of the file on the propertyinscribed in 2001. [d]

Madagascar: Preparation of an inte-grated Management Plan for a groupof sites of tropical forests proposedforWorldHeritagestatus,2003-2004.Preparatory assistance for the ins-cription. Serial natural site inscribedin 2007.

Mali: River and Heritage. Nige-Loire.Governance and culture. Support tolocal development through the valo-risation of fluvial cultural resources.2004-2009.River-to-riverco-operationbetween Niger and the Loire. Techni-cal assistance, institutional and engi-neering support for the project inresponse to the EuropeanUnion’s callfor a project on water capacity. [30]

Niger, Agadez: Preparatory assis-tance for the preparation of a nomi-nation file and a management planfor Agadez.


[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

41

Senegal, Saint-Louis: Preparationof the nomination file, 1999. Prepa-ratory assistance. Support for theconservation of the city’s heritageand decentralised cooperation withthe UrbanCommunity of Lille, 2001-2008. Technical assistance and sup-port for decentralised co-operation.Preparation of an inventory and aconservation plan. [20]

Senegal : Support for the prepara-tion of inventories and the valorisa-tion of the national heritage andInventory of the built heritage ofDakar, 2003-2005. Technical andmethodological assistance for thepreparation of a national heritageinventory.

Senegal & Gambie: Preparation forthenominationof transnationalMega-lithic sites, 2000-2001. Preparatoryassistance for the preparation of thenomination file. Site inscribed in2006. [14]

Senegal :Publication of a work ontheMegalithic sites of Senegambia.Promotion of African archaeologicalresearch. 2007-2009. Technicalassistance for the publication. [e]

Togo: Preparatory assistance for theinscription of Koutammakou, thecountry of the Batammariba. 2002.Preparatory assistance.Property ins-cribed on the List in 2004. [f]

_TransnationalAfrica and Indian Ocean

• Seminar on the management oftransnational natural properties.Durban Encounter, South Africa,2000-2003. Technical assistance.

• Seminar on raising awareness ofthe Global Strategy in the South-west islands of the Indian Ocean,Madagascar. 2001-2002. Partici-pation of experts. Preparatory andtechnical assistance.

• Seminar on the Global Strategy inWest Africa, Niger, Niamey. 1999.Preparatory assistance. 2001-2002.Participation of experts. Preparatoryand technical assistance.

• Africitiy Summit. Cameroon,Yaoundé (Africity 3, 2004) andKenya, Nairobi (Africity 4, 2005).2003-2009. Technical assistanceand participation in the AfricitiesSummits. Institutional support, andsupport to African communities.Preparation of a manual on heritageand development. Preparation oftraining sessions for officials andtechnicians. Project developmentin response to the European Union’scall for a training project aimed atthe communities.

• Development and text of a trai-ning module on risk evaluation andmanagement in Africa (implemen-tation in the framework of follow-up to Africities). 2008. Technicalassistance.

_Latin Americaand the Caribbean

Argentina, Buenos Aires: Vi l laOcampo, 2000. Technical and diag-nostic assistance.

Bolivia,Potosi :Creationof amuseumon the archaeological andmining site,2001-2002. Technical assistance. [g]

Chile: Preparation of a nominationfile and a management plan for thesaltpetremines of Humberstone andSanta Laura, 2002-2003. Prepara-tory assistance. Site inscribed in2005. [h]

Colombie: University of Manizales:mission for training courses on cul-tural heritage management, 2000-2001. Technical assistance andcapacity building.

Mexico: Regional workshop on tan-gible heritage and economic andsocial development, 2002. Capacitybuilding. [i]

El Salvador: Site of Joya de Ceren:workshop to put in place tourismmanagement plans for this site andthe Maya sites of Central America,2005-2007. Technical and diagnos-tic assistance for setting up pilotactions.

Venezuela: Support for the prepara-tion and setting up of amanagementmechanism for the city of Coro andits Port. [ j ]


[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[i]

[ j ]

42

_TransnationalLatin America and de Caribbean

•GlobalStrategy:support to thesemi-nar on the archaeological sites of theCaribbean.WorkshopatSantoDomingo(2003) and Martinique (2004). Pre-paratory and technical assistance.

•Support to the SIRCHAL Pro-gramme for the conservation anddevelopment of Latin American cities,1999-2006.Analyses of the management struc-tures of historic cities.Structural workshops at Ciudad Boli-var, Venezuela; Panamaribo, Surinam;San José, Costa Rica; Xochimilco,Mexico; Santo Domingo. [k]

Brazil, Recife:preparation of a works-hop on the site management of thisproperty inscribed on theWorld Heri-tage List.

Support for the production of thefour-languageversion (English, French,Portuguese and Spanish) of the SIR-CHAL glossary in accordance withUNESCO’s strategic objectives forcultural heritage. Technical assis-tance, capacity building

Transnational: Major risks andarchaeological heritage in the Carib-bean.MartiniqueSeminar,2008.Tech-nical assistance,provisionofanexpert.

Transnational: Andean countries(Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,Venezuela): Training workshops-courses on new cultural heritagemanagement techniques, 2000.Capacity building, training.

_Asia and Pacific

Bangladesh:Temple of Paharpur: pro-tection and conservation of the ter-racotta wall decoration, 2003-2004.Technical assistance. [l]

Cambodia: Support for the prepara-tion of a nomination file and safe-guarding and enhancement plan forthe Preah Vihear Temple, 2005-2008.Preparatory assistance. Site inscri-bed in 2008.

Cambodia,Angkor:Commemorationof ten years of co-operation: Inter-national Coordinating Committee forAngkor, 2003. Communication andvalorisation.

China,WuKingdom: Six fluvial cities.Management, development andconservation of the cities, 1999-2002. Preparatory assistance.Co-operation with the China/Francenetwork of cities.

China: University of Tongji: develop-ment of a Geographic InformationSystem (GIS, 2000. Technical assis-tance and training.

North Korea, Koguryo: Tombs ofKoguryo, 2000-2002. Preparatoryassistance, Technical assistance.

India: Valorisation of the DarjeelingHimalayan Railways, 2003-2005 and2008. Technical assistance. [m]

India,Hampi:Technical assistance forthe preservation of the site, 2003-2009. Technical assistance for thepreparation of conservation and plan-ning tools which enabled the site tobe removed from the List of WorldHeritage in Danger. [24]

India: Support for the creation of anetwork of historic cities in India,2006-2009. City-to-city co-opera-tion.Heritage conservation and urbandevelopment. Technical assistance.[38]

India, Benares:Inscription feasibilitystudy, 2007. Support for the prepa-ration of Ganges River/Rhone Riverco-operation.

India:Workshop on urban conserva-tion and assistance for instituting amanagement plan for the city ofChandigarh. 2007. Technical assis-tance. [n]

Japan, Kyoto: Preparation of a His-toric Atlas of Kyoto. Study on habi-tat modernisation processes in thecontext of a historic city, 2000.Sup-port for research and printing. [22]

Kyrgyzstan, Issyk Kul warm-waterlake: Preparatory assistance for theinscription of a cultural landscape,2003.

Laos, Luang Prabang: Support forthe preparation of a nomination file,and Safeguarding and valorisation of


[k]

[l]

[m]

[n]

43

the city of Luang Prabang, 1995-2009. Support for the creation ofan Eco-Park (2000-2004). Decen-tralised co-operation with the city ofChinon. Preparatory and technicalass istance. Publ icat ion of abrochure: Ten years of decentralisedco-operation for heritage and deve-lopment between the cities ofChinon and Luang Prabang, 1995.

Pakistan, Lahore: Quarter of theGardens of Shalimar. Lahore-Nancyco-operation, 2001. Support forthe preparation of city-to-cityco-operation. Expert mission.

Thailand: “Humanise Bangkok”.Enhancement of the public spacesand revitalisation of the historic cen-tre, 1999. Technical assistance.

Vietnam, Hué: Restoration and revi-talisation of the old city, 1999-2002,2004, 2008. Technical assistance.Publication of a booklet for an exhi-bition on the urban heritage, 1999. [o]

_TransnationalAsia and Pacific

• Central Pacific World Heritageproject, 2002-2004.

• Kiribati, Cook Islands. Preparatoryassistance for a serial nominationfile on the biodiversity of the atollsand their maritime environment,2002-2004.

_Arab States

Algeria: Safeguarding and develop-ment of the M’Zab Valley and its fivefortified ksour: El Atteuf, Bou Noura,Beni Isguen, Melika and Ghardaïa,2002-2004. Technical assistance.

Algeria, Bejaïa: Conservation andenhancement of the historic city,2003-2004. Technical assistance.[p]

Algeria, Tlemcen: Heritage pilot pro-ject, 2004. Structural action.Training.

Algeria, Constantine: Conservationand preservation of the city, 2004.Technical assistance. Support fordecentralised co-operation betweenConstantine and Grenoble.

Morocco, Ksar Ben Haddo: Techni-cal support to the Centre for theConservation and Rehabilitation ofthe Architectural Heritage of the Atlasand sub-Atlas zones for the imple-mentation of a management plan,2008.

Morocco, Southern Oasis: Evalua-tion and diagnostic mission for thepreparation of a nomination file andthe institution of a tourism and deve-lopment plan, 2009.

Mauritania, Ouadane, Chingetti,Tchitt and Oualata: Evaluation andrehabilitation of the historic cities.Master plans, 2001-2004. Technicalassistance.

Syria: Ancient cities of North Syria:Preparation of a nomination file andprotectionmechanisms, 2001-2009.Preparatory assistance.

Syria, Damascus: Workshop onurban development, sustainabledevelopment and tourism investmentin the North quarter of the Old City,2002-2004.

Transnational: Seminar on thecultural heritage inventories of theMaghreb. 2006-2009. [q]

_Europe

Albania, Berat.Workshop on the res-toration and conservation of the his-toric city centre, 1999 [r]

Armenia: Shirak Museum, 2002.Technical andemergency assistance.

Eastern Europe: Private propertymanagement in the historic centresof European countries in transition,1999-2001. Technical assistance.

Italy, Cinque Terre: Participation ofexperts in a seminar onManagementGuidelines for Cultural Landscapes,2000-2002. [s]

Latvia, Riga: Advice for the safe-guarding, management and deve-lopment of the city, 2003-2008.Expertise and support for decentra-lisedco-operationbetweenRiga, Lyonand Bordeaux. [t]


[o]

[p]

[q]

[r]

[s]

[t]

44

Russia,Moscow:Restoration of SaintBasil’s Basilica, 1999. Technical assis-tance. [u]

Turkey, Istanbul:• Valorisation of the heritage andurban requalification. Support to theHeritage House, 1999-2004. Tech-nical assistance. [v]

• International Conference on theresistance of historic buildings toearthquakes and On-line publicationof the Conference Proceedings,2000-2002. Technical assistance;capacity building.

Kosovo: Support for the restorationof Christ the Saviour Church inPrizren, 2006-2009.

_Multiregional

Interregional• Participation in the 30th Anniver-sary of the World Heritage Conven-tion: Workshop in Urbino andUNESCO Virtual Congress at theFrench Senate, 2002-2003.

• Interregional: Senegal, Benin, Laos,China, Guyana: Assistance in settingup a Fund for assistance to inhabi-tants for the rehabilitation of dwel-lings in the framework of UNESCO’s

project “Heritage and poverty alle-viation”, 2003.

• Interregional: France, Germany,Argentina, Belgium, India, Japan, Swit-zerland: Preparatory assistance forthe preparation of a thematic andtransnational nomination of the workof Le Corbusier, 2004

• Interregional: Assistance to theproject for the creation of a globalnetwork of World Heritage forests,Nancy, France, 2003-2004.[x]

• Interregional: “Public works andheritage” Seminar on bridges. Paris.2005-2008.

• Interregional: Site enhancementand conservation. Support to Frenchand foreign collectivities in the esta-blishment and monitoring of decen-tralised co-operation agreements,2006-2009.

• Interregional: Support for interna-tional training in the managementand administration of World Heritagesites. Ensam/Cluny training. Uni-versity of Dijon. 2006-2008.

• Interregional:Rivers and heritage.Capitalisation on experiences, 2005-2009.

• Interregional: Terra 2008, 10th Inter-national Conference on the conser-vation and protection of earthenarchitectural heritage, Bamako, Maliand Support to the World HeritageProgramme on Earthen Architecture.2008-2009. Technical assistanceand participation of experts.

• Interregional: Follow-up to theVienna Memorandum. Guidelinesand recommendations for the conser-vation and development of HistoricUrban Landscapes. 2007-2009.


http://whc.unesco.org/en/partners/338/

Informations

[u]

[v]

[x]

T he vocation of the France-UNESCO Convention for cooperation is to support precise andconcrete interventions at heritage sites at UNESCO’s request. It responds to local needs,and deals with very diverse and sometimes "delicate", sometimes urgent situations thatrequire more than technicalities: reflection on the modus operandi, methods, and relations

between all those involved.

Thus, it is obvious that the required approach is not merely institutional, but more especiallyprofessional and relational. We are far from reaching an agreement by which the means – financialand other – would be available through a traditional Funds-in-Trust arrangement. From experiencesin the field, we, both France and UNESCO, wished to mark our desire for common actionsby a convention, the first purpose of which is to rally the ministries, the local communitiesand entities concerned, to involve highly motivated persons for sustainable action.

This is the spirit that has guided us since the beginning. Over time, of course, the number of partnersand the scope of intervention has increased and now include development and planning issues (watermanagement, waste management, land use management and agriculture). The network of intervenerscontinues to be enriched regularly. Through these bodies and the networks that they constitute, thereare a considerable number of competent and motivated persons available to UNESCO ready tointervene in a targeted manner for heritage, with a concern for site management.

The very nature of the interventions has also evolved: since the one-off strictly technical missionsfor the built heritage, we have been concerned with more holistic actions linked to the complex managementof urban or natural heritage. It is in this context that we have witnessed the strong development of theCities and Regions network as participants in decentralised cooperation. UNESCO has evaluated and takenmeasure of this mobilisation of French cities, often linked to other European cities with the assistance ofthe European Union and the French Development Agency, to consistently implement actions at fragile siteswhere the defence and enhancement of heritage also becomes a fight against poverty and for development.

Yves DaugeSenator for Indre-et-Loire (Centre), Deputy Mayor of Chinon

Member of the Mixed Coordinating Committee of the France-UNESCO ConventionPresident of the National Association of French World Heritage Properties

_Postscript

45


46

_Partners of the Convention

• Sub-Directorate for Cultural Diversity and World Heritage• Sub-Directorate for Scientific Exchange and Research• Mission for Democratic Governance• Culture France

> Ministry of Culture and Communication• Delegation for Development and International Affairs• Department of European and International Affairs• Architecture and Heritage Direction• Mission for European and International Action• General Inspection for Architecture and Heritage• Regional Direction for Cultural Affairs for île de France• Departmental Service for Architecture and Heritage

> Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Developmentand Territorial Development

• General Directorate for Development, Housing and NatureSub-Directorate for the Quality and Lifestyle

• General Directorate, Senior Civil Servant Defenceand Security

• General Directorate for Risk Prevention• General Council for Civil Engineering

The existence of the France-UNESCO Convention is due to the active and voluntary presence of itspartners who either provide support to all the programmes, or intervene in specific actions requi-ring their competence. In addition to the direct signatories of the FRANCE-UNESCO CONVENTION,mention must be made of all those who work with UNESCO in the framework of the Convention.Through these partners, and in respecting UNESCO’s priorities, we try to mobilise both nationalinstitutions and French civil society.

In particular, we wish to thank the authorities of the institutions who have enabled the developmentof this programme, as well as the counterparts in each ministry who have contributed through theirsupport to UNESCO in the enhancement and protection of heritage. We would like to thank theMinistry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Territorial Development for the second-ment of personnel.

UNESCO> Culture Sector• World Heritage Centre• Division of Intangible Cultural Heritage

> Science Sector• Social and Human Sciences• Natural & Exact Sciences• Division of Ecological Sciences, MAB Programme• Division of Hydrology, International HydrologicalProgramme (IHP)

• External Relations and Cooperation Sector

Field Offices of Apia, Bamako, Bangkok, Brazzaville,Dakar, Dhaka, Hanoi, Havana, Nairobi, New Delhi, Beijing,Port-au-Prince, Quito, Rabat, Teheran, Venice, Yaoundé.

FRANCE> Ministry of Foreign Affairs• Permanent Delegation of France to UNESCO• French National to Commission to UNESCO• Directorate for Mondialisation, Development and Partnerships


47

> Metropolitan Lille Urban Community

> Val de Loire Mixed Interregional Syndicate

> National Heritage Institute (INP)

> Observatoire de la Chine contemporaine

> Grenoble School of Architecture (The Center forthe Research and Application of Earth Architecture,CRATerre), Lille, Nancy, Bordeaux, Arles

> Avignon School

> François Rabelais University, Tours,Catholic University of the West, (UCO)

> Provence and Bourgogne University

> CNED (National Centre for Distance Learning)

> ENSAM/Cluny

> ICOMOS France

> Le Corbusier Foundation

> Friends of Angkor Association (AAA)

> Association Tilmece

> Water Academy

Finally, our thanks are addressed to all the institutionsand bodies of the countries benefiting from the projects:minis-terial services (national directorates of cultural heritage, envi-ronment and nature directorates, hydrology directorates..),territorial communities, universities and training institutes,experts, NGOs and actors in civil society. Each and every oneat their level and in their field of expertise have contributedtowards the success of the projects and developed a networkof competences and solidarity in support of heritage.

> Delegate Ministry for Tourism• International Affairs Mission

> French Development Agency (AFD) and the FrenchFund for World Environment (FFEM)

> Caisse des dépôts et consignations (CDC)

> Chinon Urban Agencies, Saint-Etienne,Lyon, Bordeaux

> Natural Regional Parks Federation

• Loire Anjou Touraine Natural Regional Park• Opale Natural Regional Park

> Rhone River Centre

> Quai Branly Museum (Arts and Civilisations of Africa,Asia, Oceanie and the Americas)

> National Institute for Preventive ArchaeologicalResearch (INRAP)

> National Committee for Scientific Research (CNRS)

• Prehistoric, Antiquity and Middle Age Study Centre• City,Territorial, Environment and Society Study Centre• Paleoenvironmental and Paleobiosphere Laboratory• Parisian Institute for Research: Architecture, Urbanism,Society

> Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine– Chaillot Centre for Higher Education (CEDHEC)

> Regional Councils for the Centre,Pays de la Loire, Rhône-Alpes Regions

> National Association of Cities and Countries,Art and History, and Cities with Heritage ProtectedSectors (ANVPAH/VSS)

> International Association of Francophone Mayors

> United Cities of France

> Communities of Angers, Bordeaux, Chinon, Grenoble,La Rochelle, Le Havre, Lyon, Nancy, Rennes


48

_Acknowledgements

F irst and foremost we wish to thank Françoise Rivière, AssistantDirector-General for Culture, Francesco Bandarin, Director ofthe World Heritage Centre, Kishore Rao, Deputy Director of theWorld Heritage Centre, Catherine Colonna, Ambassador,

Permanent Delegate of France to UNESCO, Yves Dauge, Senator forIndre-et-Loire, and Michel Clément, Director of the Heritage andArchitecture Directorate.

Weparticularlywish to thankEvaCaillart, FirstSecretary forFrancefor theFrance-UNESCOConvention forHeritage from1997 to2003,MinjaYang, First Secretary for UNESCO for the Convention from 1997 to 2005,former Deputy Director of the World Heritage Centre and former Directorof UNESCO’s Office in New Delhi (India), Mounir Bouchenaki, formerAssistantDirector-General forCulture,GadiMgomezulu,LaurentLevi-Strauss,of theCulturalHeritageDivision;WalterErdelen,AssistantDirectorGeneralforSciences;PierreSané,AssistantDirector-General forSocial andHumanSciences, and JeanMusitelli, Ambassador, Permanent Delegate of Franceto UNESCO from 1997 to 2002, First President of theMixed CoordinatingCommittee, then Jean Guéguinou and Joëlle Bourgois, who succeededhim, as well as François Barré et Wanda Diebolt, former Directors of theHeritage and Architecture Directorate, Yves Saint-Geours, Bruno Delaye,Claude Blanchemaison, Philippe Étienne, former Director General forInternational Cooperation and Development, of the Ministry of ForeignAffairs; Catherine Bersani, General Inspector for the General Council forCivil Engineering; Christiane Baret, Jean-Marc Michel, former Director ofNature and Landscapes; FrançoisDelarue, Alain Lecomte, formerGeneralDirector for Planning, Housing, and Building of the Ministry of Ecology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandTerritorialDevelopment; Jean-MichelSeverino, General Director for the French Development Agency, MichelJacquier, Director of Operations, Emmanuelle Lachaussée, FrenchDevelopment Agency; Jacques Pelissard, Jacques Auxiette, Associationof French Mayors, Laurent Jabeuf and Caroline Tissier, Associationinternationale des maires francophones and the Région Centre and theRégion Pays-de-Loire for their important involvement and as foundersof the France-UNESCO Convention and for their active support.

We also wish to thank Réjane Hervé, Stéphane Duclos, SolSuffren-Quirno, Chloé Campo de Montauzon, Jehanne Phares,Laurent Bruel and Céline Nicolas, who were part of the first team of theSecretariat, and JimWilliams,Secretaryof theFrance-UNESCOConventionfor UNESCO from 2005 to 2007.

We are grateful to the members of the French Ministries whocontributed to theactivities of theFrance-UNESCOConvention:CatherineBergeal, Francine d’Orgeval, Véronique Dez, Brigitte Favarel, FrancineGibaud, Isabelle Hurdubae, Danièle Sénigout, Philippe Démeron, BrunoFavel, JacquesFaye, Pierre Lanapats, JacquesLemarec,OlivierMourareau,Jean-François Seguin, Lionel Vignacq, as well as Daniel Baillon, FrenchNational Commission for UNESCO.

For their personal involvement, we thank in particular: ElisabethBlanc, Anne-Marie Cousin, Suzanne Hirshi, Chéhrazade Nafa, MarilyseOrtiz,CathySavourey,ChristianBarillet,FranckBraemer,MichelBrodovitch,PierreClément,AlainCoulon,BrunoDelas,FelipeDelmont,NielsDevernois,DanielDuché, Jean-MichelGalley, Thierry Joffroy,LéoOrellana,ValeryPatin,Olivier Poisson, Gilles Ragot, Daniel Roussel, Bernard Toulier, DominiqueTremblay, Paul Trouilloud, Jacky Vieux, Vincent Rotgé, Bernard Wagon.

We further wish to thank the members of UNESCO's differentsectors, in particular the chief of untits and staff of the world heritagecentre as well as its Administrative and Financial Services, and theMinistries and partner institutions whose advice and active monitoringenabled the implementation of the activities. We are especially gratefulto theAdministrators of theCulture Sector and theWorldHeritageCenterand Akio Arata, Isabelle de Billy, Soraya Elie, Nathalie Gagnon, YasminaKassim, Deolinda Ribeiro, Nathalie Valanchon.

Finally, our thanks go to thosewhocontributed directly, in variousways, to this publication, members of the World Heritage Centre, thephotographers and theauthorsof first handaccounts,CatherineDumesnil,Permanent Delegation of France to UNESCO for her dedicated supportand commitment.


Putting French expertise to workfor the world’s heritage

Albania•A

lgeria•A

ngola•A

rgentin

a•A

rmenia•B

enin•B

olivia•C

ameroon•C

hile•C

hina

•Colom

bia•C

ôted’Ivoire

•Croa

tia•E

cuador

•ElSalvador•

Ethiopia•Ind

ia•Ind

onesia•Italy•Japan

•Kyrgyzstan•L

aos•L

atvia•L

ebanon

•Madagascar•

Mali•Mauritania•M

auritiu

s•M

exico•M

orocco

•Niger

•North

Korea•P

akistan•P

eru•R

omania•R

ussia•S

enegal•S

outh

Africa

•Syria•Tanzania•T

hailand

•The

Gambia•Togo•Tun

isia•Turkey•V

enezuela

•Vietnam

•Albania•A

lgeria•A

ngol

•Argen

tina•A

rmen

ia•B

enin•B

olivia•C

ameroo

n•C

hile•C

hina

•Colom

bia•


of the

Albania•Algeria

•Angola•Argentina

•Armenia

•Benin•Bolivia

•Cameroon

•Chile•China

•Colombia

•Côted’Ivoire

•Croa-tia

•Ecuador•ElSalvador•Ethiopia•India

•Indonesia•Italy

•Japan•Kyrgyzstan

•Laos•Latvia

•Lebanon•M

adagascar•Mali•M

auritania•M

auritius•M

exico•M

orocco•Niger•North

Korea•Pakistan

•Peru•Rom

ania•Russia

•Senegal•SouthAfrica

•Syria•Tanzania

•Thailand•The

Gambia

•Togo•Tunisia

•Turkey•Venezuela

•Vietnam•Albania

•Algeria•Angola

•Argentina

•Armenia

•Benin•Bolivia

•Cameroon

•Chile•China

•Colombia

•Côted’Ivoire

•Croatia•Ecuador•ElSalvador•

Ministry of Foreign AffairsMinistry of Culture and CommunicationMinistry of Ecology, Energy, SustainableDevelopment and Territorial Development

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