department of computer science and engineering course handout fundamentals of database systems 1....

1

K L UNIVERSITY

B. Tech. IV Year, Second Semester

Academic Year: 2014-15

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

COURSE HANDOUT

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

1. Course Name : FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

2. Course Code : 12OE445

3. Course Coordinator : Mr. K Ramesh

4. Course Structure : 3-0-0

5. Credits : 3

6. Team Members : Mr. T Sasidhar, Mr. M Trinath Basu,

Ms. M Prameela

7. Course Context and Overview:

Fundamentals Of Database Systems is an open elective in 8th Semester of B.Tech

program for students other than computer science. The Prerequisites of Fundamentals Of

Database Systems is problem solving through programming. This Course starts with a study

of advantages of database systems over conventional file systems and characteristics of

databases. The first part of this course covers an introduction to the basic concepts viz.,

database architecture, data modeling and design of a relational data base avoiding redundancy

using normal forms. The second part of this course covers concepts of SQL. The course

finally concludes with Transaction processing. This course covers all the necessary

theoretical concepts needed to build and use a DBMS.

8. Program Outcomes:

Program Outcome

1. Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an

engineering specialization to the conceptualization of engineering models.

Selected, because Fundamentals of usage can be modeled

2. Identify, formulate, research literature and solve complex engineering problems

2

reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics and

engineering sciences.

Selected, because literature provide ample instances that enable solving complex engineering

problems.

3.

Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components

or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health

and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

Not Selected

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems including design of experiments, analysis

and interpretation of data, and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions.

Selected

5.

Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering

tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex engineering activities, with an

understanding of the limitations.

Selected

6. Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and

in multi-disciplinary settings.

Not Selected as it is not covered in the course.

7.

Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering

community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write

effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and

receive clear instructions.

Selected.

3

8. Demonstrate understanding of the societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and

the consequent responsibilities relevant to engineering practice.

Not Selected.

9. Understand and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of

engineering practice.

Selected.

10. Understand the impact of engineering solutions in a societal context and demonstrate

knowledge of and need for sustainable development.

Selected.

11. Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of management and business practices,

such as risk and change management, and understand their limitations.

Not Selected.

12. Recognize the need for, and have the ability to engage in independent and life-long

learning.

Not Selected.

9. Cognitive Processes associated with the course

S.No. Cognitive

Level

Selected/

Not-

Selected

Explanation for selection and non-selection based

on the nature of the course and instructor’s

preferences

1. Remember Selected Several concepts like Data, Database, Schema,

Instance etc., needs be stored permanently.

2. Understand Selected Representing database applications using various data

models like ER Model etc., need to be understood.

4

3 Apply Selected Integrity Constraints and Normalization Techniques

can be applied to realize a model of database.

4. Analyze Selected

Several Queries in Relation Algebra, Constraints,

Normalization Techniques and Concurrency Control

techniques have to be analyzed.

5 Evaluate Selected Database is evaluated based on criteria like

consistency, controlling redundancy, decompositions

6 Create Not Selected No Practical Component is included.

10. Categories of Knowledge associated with Engineering Courses:

S.No Knowledge

Category

Selected/

Not-

Selected

Explanation for selection and non-selection

based on the nature of the course and

instructor’s preferences

1. Factual Selected Needs the facts about Data, Database, DBMS,

Database Environment and Architecture.

2. Conceptual Selected

Conceptual knowledge like problem solving thro‟

thinking and reasoning, usability, design and

evaluation of databases is required.

3 Procedural Selected Procedures need to be discovered to realize

commands, menus etc.

4. Fundamental

Design Concepts Selected

Design concepts are needed to design databases as

planned.

5. Criteria and

Specifications Selected

Criteria and specifications are required to evaluate

databases.

6. Practical

Constraints Not Selected

Practical Component is not necessary as per LTP

Structure

7. Design

Instrumentalities Selected

Create a conceptual database using ER Model

8. Meta cognitive Not selected Not required.

5

11. Taxonomy (Classification) Table: Selected Cognitive Level – Knowledge Matrix.

Cognitive

Levels

Knowledge

Categories

Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create

Factual

Conceptual

Procedural

Fundamental

Design Concepts

Design

Practical

Constraints

Criteria and

Specification

12. Competencies: At the end of the course the student will acquire following competencies.

Competency POs – Levels

C1 Understand the advantages of DBMS,

Characteristics, Environment, users and Architecture. 1-3, 2-1,9-2

C2

Understand various data models Normalization,

design of tables in a relational data base and

Structured Query Language.

1-3 ,2-3

C3. Understand Concurrency control Techniques for

multi-user transaction processing 1-3,2-3

C4 Apply SQL concepts to create tables, modify and 3-1, 4-2, 5-1,7-2

6

retrieve data from tables

C5 Apply the normalization techniques and Integrity

constraints to get quality databases. 3-1, 4-2, 5-1,7-2

C6 Analyze queries in Relational Algebra. 4-3,5-2,7-2

C7 Database is evaluated based on criteria like

consistency, controlling redundancy, decompositions 2-2,3-1,4-1,7-1

C8 Design a conceptual database using ER Model 4-2,5-2,7-1,10-1

13. Competencies in Taxonomy Table:

Cognitive

Levels

Knowledge

Categories


Factual

Conceptual C1,C2, C3

Procedural C4,C5,C9 C6 C7 C8

Criteria and

Specifications

7

14. COMPETENCY MAP: Competency – Program Outcome Matrix

Competency addresses outcome:- 1=Slightly; 2=Moderately; 3=Substantially

Program Outcomes

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

Course

Competencies

C1 3 1 2

C2 3 3

C3 3 3

C4 1 2 1 2

C5 1 2 1 2

C6 3 2 2

C7 2 1 1 1

C8 2 2 1 1

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15. Sub-Competencies

Competency PO Levels

C1

Understand the advantages of DBMS,

Characteristics, Environment, users and

Architecture. (7)

1-3,2-1,9-2

Sub-competencies Cognitive

Level

Knowledge

Category

C1.1

Understand the disadvantages of Conventional File

Systems and consequent necessity of a professional data

base. (1)

Understand Conceptual

C1.2 Understand the characteristics of DBMS.(1) Understand Conceptual

C1.3 Understand the three tier architecture of DBMS. (1) Understand Conceptual

C1.4 Understand the Environment of DBMS and different

users involved in database. (4) Understand Conceptual

Taxonomy Table for Sub-competencies

Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual

C1.1,C1.2

C1.3, C1.4

Procedural

9

Sub-Competencies


C2 Understand various data models, structured query

language. (8) 1-3 ,2-3


Level

Knowledge

Category

C2.1 Understand various notations used in ER model (2) Understand Conceptual

C2.2 Understand various Integrity Constraints imposed on

database to achieve consistency. (3) Understand Conceptual

C2.3 Understand semantics and syntaxes of writing queries in

SQL (3) Understand Conceptual


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual C 2.1, C2.2,

C2.3

Procedural

10

Sub Competencies


C3 Understand Concurrency control Techniques for

multi-user transaction processing (13) 1-3, 2-3


Level

Knowledge

Category

C3.1 Understand Time-stamp based Concurrency Techniques

on the database (10) Understand Conceptual

C3.2 Understand Lock-based Concurrency Techniques on the

database. (3) Understand Conceptual


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual C 3.1, C3.2

Procedural

11

Sub-Competencies


C4 Apply SQL concepts to create tables, modify and

retrieve data from tables (4) 3-1,4-2,5-1,7-2


Level

Knowledge

Category

C4.1 Understand all the syntax and semantics of SQL.(1) Understand Conceptual

C4.2 Buid a database(1)

Apply Design

Concepts

C4.3 Apply all SQL concepts on the database(2)

Apply Design

Concepts


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual

Procedural

Design

Concepts C4.1 C4.2,

C4.3

12

Sub-Competencies


C5 Apply the normalization techniques and Integrity

constraints to get quality databases. (6) 3-1,4-2,5-1,7-2


Level

Knowledge

Category

C5.1 Understand Integrity constraints and 5 normal forms to

be applied on database (1) Understand Conceptual

C5.2 Understand five Normal Forms to be applied on

database (1) Understand Conceptual

C5.3 Build a database (1)

Apply Design

Concepts

C5.4 Apply Integrity constraints on the given database for

achieving consistency. (1) Apply

Design

Concepts

C5.5 Apply Normal Forms on the given database to reduce

redundancy (2) Apply

Design

Concepts


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual

13

Procedural

Design

Concepts

C5.1, C5.2 C5.3,C5.4,C5.5

Sub-Competencies


C6 Analyze queries in Relational Algebra.(2) 4-3,5-2,7-2


Level

Knowledge

Category

C6.1 Understand the notations used in writing queries in

Relational Algebra (1) Understand

Knowledge

Procedural

C6.2 Analyze the inputs and outputs for queries written in

Relational Algebra. (1) Analyze Knowledge


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual 6.1 6.2

Procedural

14

Sub-Competencies


C7

Database is evaluated based on criteria like

consistency, controlling redundancy, decompositions

(3)

2-2,3-1,4-1,7-1


Level

Knowledge

Category

C7.1

Understand various integrity constraints (1)

Understand

Knowledge

Procedural

C7.2

Understand Various normal forms for controlling

redundancy and decompositions (1) Understand

Knowledge

Procedural

C7.3 Evaluate a database. (1) Evaluate Knowledge


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual

Procedural

Design C7.1, C7.2 C7.3

15

Sub-Competencies


C8 Design a conceptual database using ER Model (3) 4-2,5-2,7-1,10-1


Level

Knowledge

Category

C8.1 Design a ER Model for Bank application (1) Design Design

C8.2 Review the design (1) Evaluate Design

C8.3 Create the design Document (1) Design Design


Knowledge

Categories

Cognitive Levels


Factual

Conceptual

Procedural

Design C8.2

C8.1,

C8.3

16

16. Syllabus

Database Fundamentals: DBMS Characteristics & Advantages, Database

Environment, Database Users, Database Architecture, Data Independence, Languages, Tools

and Interface in DBMS, DBMS types, Data Modeling: ER Model, Notation used in ER

Diagram, Constraint, Types, Relationships in ER Model and other considerations in

designing ER diagram. SQL: Data Definition and other languages in SQL, Creating tables

and Data types, Constraints, DML statements, Functions and writing SQL statements using

nested sub queries, complex queries, joining relations, Embedded SQL- Writing functions

and procedures with PL/SQL, Relational Model, Relational Algebra, Operators in relational

algebra. Normalization: Guidelines for good database design, Normalization- Normal

Forms, First, Second, Third Normal Forms, BCNF, Multi value and join dependencies, 4th

and 5th

normal forms. File storage, Index structures, Indexing and hashing (Basics) Query

Processing: Issues in query processing Transaction Processing: Transaction processing

issues, Transaction states, problems during multiple transactions processing, ACID

properties, system log, Concurrency control techniques: binary locks, exclusive locks, Lock

based techniques, Timestamp based techniques,.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Elmasri and Navathe, „Fundamentals of Database Systems‟, 2008, 4th

edition, Pearson

Education. „

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. A. Silberschatz, Henry F Korth, S. Sudarshan, “Database System Concepts:, 2003,

Fifth Edition, Tata MCGraw-Hill.

2. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, “Database Management Systems”, 2004,

second Edition, Tata MCGraw Hill.

17. Self Learning Topics:

S. No. TOPIC REFERENCE

1 Index structures

1. Silberschatz, Henry FKorth, S. Sudarshan, “Database System

Concepts”, 2003, Fifth Edition, Tata MCGraw

2 Indexing and

hashing

1. Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehkke, “Dtabase Management

Systems:, 2004, Second Edition, Tata MCGraw Hill.

2. http://homepages.cwi.nl/~manegold/teaching/DBtech/slides/ch12-

2.pdf

3 Issues in Query

Processing

1. Database System Concepts , Avi Silberschatz ,Henry F. Korth ,S.

Sudarshan, Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill.

http://homepages.cwi.nl/~manegold/teaching/DBtech/slides/ch12-2.pdf

http://homepages.cwi.nl/~manegold/teaching/DBtech/slides/ch12-2.pdf

17

18. Session / Lesson Plan:

Lecture.

No

Topic of the

course to Be

Covered

Faculty

Approach

Student Pre-

Requisite

Cognitive

Level Expected

Active Learning Module/

Problem

1 DBMS Characteristics &

Advantages

White Board

-------------

Understand and

Remember

Active Learning Module

2 Database Environment,

Database Users,

White Board

-------------

Understand and

Remember


3 Database Architecture

PPT

-------------

Understand and

Remember


4 Data Independence

White Board

-------------

Understand and

Remember Active Learning Module

5 DBMS Languages

White Board

-------------

Understand and

Remember


6 Tools and Interface in DBMS

PPT

-------------


18

7 DBMS types

PPT

-------------


8 ER Model, Notation used in ER

Diagram

White Board

---------


9 Constraints, Types

PPT

Lecture No:8

Understand and

Remember


10 Case Study on ER Diagrams

Role Play

Lecture No:8

Analyze and Apply Problem

11 Relationships in ER Model

White Board

Lecture No:8


12

Data Definition and other

languages in SQL

White Board

-------------


13 Creating tables and Data types

PPT

Lecture 12


19

14 Constraints, DML statements

PPT

Lecture No:13


15

Functions and writing SQL

statements using nested sub

queries

PPT

Lecture No:13

Apply Problem

16 Functions and writing SQL

statements using nested sub

queries

White

Board

Lecture No:13,15

Apply Problem

17 Complex queries

White

Board

Lecture

No:13,15,16


18 Joining relations

PPT/White Board

Lecture No:17

Understand and

Apply Problem

19

SQL Concepts

PPT

Lecture No:13,15,16

Participates


20

Embedded SQL-Writing

functions and procedures

with PL/SQL

White

Board

Lecture No:19

Apply Active Learning Module

21 Embedded SQL- Writing

functions and procedures

with PL/SQL

PPT

Lecture No:19


20

22 PL/SQL Concepts

White Board

Lecture No:19,20

Remember and Analyze


23 Relational Model

PPT/White Board

Coordinates

Remember and

Analyze


24 Relational Algebra and Operators

in relational algebra

PPT/White Board

Lecture No:23

Understand and

Apply


25 Operators in relational algebra

PPT/White Board

Lecture No:23

Understand and

Apply


26

Guidelines for good

database design,

Normalization- Normal

Forms

PPT -------------

Understand and

Remember


27 Functional Dependencies

White Board

Lecture No:26

Understand and

Apply


28 First, Second

PPT/ White board

Lecture No:26

Understand and

Apply


29 Third Normal Forms, BCNF

PPT/ White board

Lecture

No:26,27,28

Understand and

Apply


21

30 Multi value and join

dependencies

PPT

Lecture

No:26,27,28,29

Understand and


31

4th and 5

th normal forms

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture

No:26,27,28,29,

30

Understand and


32

File storage

PPT/ White

Board

------------------

Remember and

Understand Active Learning Module

33

File storage

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:32

Remember and

Understand


34

Transaction processing issues

PPT/ White

Board

-------------

Understand and


35

Transaction states

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:34

Understand


36

Schedules

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:34


37

Problems during multiple

transactions processing

PPT

Lecture No:35,36

Understand and

Analyze


22

38

Problems during multiple

transactions processing

PPT

Lecture No:37

Understand and

Analyze


39

ACID properties

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:34

Understand and

Remember


40

System log

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:34


41

Binary locks, exclusive

locks

PPT

Lecture No:34

Remember

And Apply


42

Lock based techniques

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:41

Remember

And Apply


43

Lock based techniques

PPT/ White

Board

Lecture No:42

Remember And Apply


44

Timestamp based

techniques

PPT

Lecture No:41

Remember

and Understand


45 Transaction concepts

Quiz

Lecture No:41

Remember

and Understand


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19. Theory Evaluation scheme:

Internal Marks : 40 External Marks : 60

Sl.

No.

Nature of

examination

Marks

%

Type of examination and

mode of Assessment

Scheme of examination

1 *Theory

60

Semester end examination

(external evaluation)

This examination question paper in theory

subjects will be for a maximum of 60 marks

40

20

Test – 1 2 mid – exams each for 20 marks and of 1½ hr duration are to be conducted. For a total of 20

marks, 75% of better of the two and 25% of the

other are added and reported. Test - 2

5

Assignment Test

6 Question to be released in advance.

2 Questions allotted by Examiners choice to be

answered. Duration 45 min.

5 Home Assignments

Average of Home Assignments minimum 2 per

subject

5 Surprise Quiz One surprise quiz per subject

5

Attendance / Class

notes

5 marks are allotted for attendance and class

notes

20. Attendance Weightage 05 Marks

Attendance of 75 % and above but less than 80 % 01 Mark

Attendance of 80 % and above but less than 85 % 02 Marks



Attendance of 95 % and above 05 Marks 21. Chamber consultation hours:

4:00 pm to 5:00 pm CSE block Fourth Floor Faculty Cabin

22. Notices:

ALL notices regarding this subject are displayed on the e-learning site only

23. Signature of the Course Coordinator :

24. Signature of the Year Coordinator :

25. Signature of the HOD :

department of computer science and engineering course handout fundamentals of database systems 1....

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