and the promise of Science and Technologyaaas annual report 2009

Celebrating ourPlanet

2 3

The American Association for the Advancement of

Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific

society, and publisher of the journal Science (www.

sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational

Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.

org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.

org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some

262 affiliated societies and academies of science,

serving 10 million individuals. Science has the

largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general

science journal in the world, with an estimated

total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS

(www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission

to “advance science and serve society” through

initiatives in science policy; international programs;

science education; and more. For the latest research

news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the

premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS.

[FSC MixedSources logo / Rainforest Alliance Certified / 100 percent green power logo]

The cover photograph of Gentoo penguins was captured 8 January 2010 in Antarctica by Alan I. Leshner. Gentoo penguins, distinguishable because of their bright orange-red bills and white triangular patches above each eye, are classified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as “near threatened.” A number of Gentoo breeding sites are already protected, including natural World Heritage sites at Macquarie Island and Heard Island, and in some well-known areas their populations are booming.

But like penguins in general, Gentoo penguins are subject to a variety of environmental threats, and their overall numbers are decreasing. Introduced predators, human disturbance, competition with fisheries, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change all pose potential threats.

American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440

For more information about supporting AAAS, please e-mail development@aaas.org, or call 202-326-6636.

To comment on the editorial content of this report, please e-mail media@aaas.org.

2 3

Table of Contents

4 Welcome Letter by James J. McCarthy and Alan I. Leshner

6 Public Statements on Key Issues

8 AAAS Worldwide

10 Science Careers and Education

12 Science Policy and Society

14 Science, Technology, and Security

16 Science Breakthroughs

18 Other Science Developments

20 Media and Public Engagement

22 Special Gifts and Projects 2009

26 AAAS Awards and Prizes

28 AAAS Fellows

30 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members

38 Financial Summary

39 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information

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Remarkable advances in 2009 reminded us yet again of the tremendous potential of science and technology to improve human quality-of-life and to enrich our knowl-edge of the natural world.

The breathtaking description in Science of a 4.4 million-year-old Ethiopian hominid fossil called Ardipithecus ramidus, for example, offered surprising new insights into human evolution. Also in 2009, AAAS launched Science Translational Medicine, an already-acclaimed new journal that is bringing researchers and clinicians together to help find cures faster. (Pages 16-19 offer details on Science Breakthroughs in 2009.)

Establishing productive new ties with scientific leaders and institutions in Syria, Cuba, China, and other nations, the association employed science diplomacy to leverage international collaboration. Those relationships were further enhanced by cooperative AAAS-based events offering international perspectives on how best to mitigate and adapt to climate change. (See pages 8-9.)

Project 2061, the science-education reform initiative at AAAS, meanwhile contin-ued to promote science literacy across an array of languages in collaboration with educators from the United States to Shanghai, as noted on page 10. Through these and many other activities, AAAS demonstrated the extraordinary power and prom-ise of science as an agent of positive change for people and our planet—despite the worst U.S. recession since the Great Depression.

Optimism surged this year as U.S. President Barack Obama promised to “restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders.” Two former AAAS presidents assumed leadership roles in the new administration, with John P. Holdren becoming the president’s science advisor and Jane Lubchenco moving into the administrator’s office at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Later, the U.S. State Department named the first-ever U.S. science envoys: Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts, Science Translational Medicine Chief Scientific Advisor Elias Zerhouni, and Nobel Prize-winning scientist Ahmed Zewail.

Still more good news in 2009 came from the Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate. That group, in collaboration with AAAS, reported a 33.9% increase between 2001 and 2008 in the number of doctoral degrees awarded by 66 universities to underrepresented minority candidates in science and technical fields. In support of such advances, the AAAS Education and Human Resources team promoted diversity in higher education, while Project 2061 launched a new “climate literacy” project. Also in 2009, innovative social media tools debuted on the popular Science Careers Web site. (See pages 10-11.)

Welcome from the AAAS Chair, James J. McCarthy, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner

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AAAS communicated broadly about health and environmental threats—partic-ularly related to the H1N1 virus and global climate change. Through congressional briefings and testimony organized by Science and Policy Programs staff (pages 12-13), as well as public statements and op-eds (pages 6-7), AAAS worked to inform decisions about endangered species, human embryonic stem cell research, federal funding for research, scientific integrity, and much more. At the same time, the AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy released detailed reports on ensuring biosafety and preparing for major disease threats (pages 14-15).

Nobel Peace Prize winner Albert Gore, Jr. issued a call to action on global climate change during the 2009 AAAS Annual Meeting, as reported on page 20. His mes-sage garnered widespread media coverage, thanks to hundreds of journalists who followed the meeting via EurekAlert!, the AAAS online science-news service, or by checking into the AAAS newsroom on-site in Chicago.

Closer to home, AAAS headquarters became the first existing building in the District of Columbia to earn a Gold rating under the U.S. Green Building Council LEED certification program.

Throughout 2009 and particularly during an annual meeting focusing on “Our Planet and Its Life: Origins and Futures,” AAAS celebrated the 150th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species. Ironically, the first commercial oil well also appeared in 1859, as did the findings of Sir John Tyndall’s research that set the stage for understanding carbon dioxide’s role as a greenhouse gas. Today, we know that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, hovering around 389 parts per million (ppm) at the end of 2009, are higher than at any time in the past 800,000 years. At levels above 450 ppm, many researchers predict irreversible impacts, from ice loss and sea-level rise, to wildfires, droughts, and threats to the richly diverse life forms so vividly described by Darwin.

But as the 2009 AAAS Annual Report reveals, the association and its journals are doing far more than simply reflecting upon such threats to Earth and its inhabit-ants. With your help, we can achieve even more as AAAS continues to advance science, engineering, and technology for the benefit of all.

James J. McCarthy Alan I. LeshnerAAAS Chair (2009-2010) AAAS CEO andAlexander Agassiz Professor of Executive Publisher,Biological Oceanography, Science, Science TranslationalHarvard University Medicine, and Science Signaling

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EVOLUTION IN THE NEWS

• 23 March. “Texas Case Threatens Education and Competitiveness Nationally,” San Antonio Express-News, by AAAS President (2009-2010) Peter C. Agre, director of the Malaria Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, with the AAAS CEO.

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

• 21 October. AAAS and 17 other scientific organizations sent a letter to members of the U.S. Senate, asserting that “rigorous scientific research” and “multiple indepen-dent lines of evidence” clearly support the reality of global climate change tied to human activities. “The severity of climate change impacts is expected to increase substantially in coming decades,” the letter concluded.

• 4 December. AAAS reaffirmed the position of its Board of Directors and leaders of other scientific organiza-tions, noting that “global climate change is real, it is caused largely by human activities, and the need to take action is urgent.” While noting that investigations are appropri-ate whenever questions are raised regarding the transparency or rigor of science, isolated questions can-not overturn a century of robust evidence, AAAS asserted.

• 9 December. “Don’t let the climate doubters fool you,” op-ed, Washington Post, by AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, executive publisher, Science and related journals. “Climate-change science is clear,” Leshner wrote in a pointed response to an essay by former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin. “Major health and economic impacts are likely unless we act now to slow greenhouse gas emissions.”

Leshner’s piece was republished by an array of media outlets, listed below.

• 11 December. The Guardian of the United Kingdom.

• 12 December. Los Angeles Times.

• 12 December. Daily News Tribune of Waltham, Massachusetts.

• 12 December. The MetroWest Daily News of Framingham, Massachusetts.

• 14 December. Atlanta Journal Constitution of Georgia.

• 14 December. The Juneau Empire of Alaska.

• 15 December. Herald Tribune of Sarasota, Florida.

• 16 December. Bucks County Courier Times of Pennsylvania.

• 17 December. The Providence Journal of Rhode Island.

SCIENCE DIPLOMACY

• 3 March. “Europe and the United States: A Crucial Moment for Science Cooperation,” op-ed, European Commission Joint Research Centre newsletter, by the AAAS CEO and AAAS Chief International Officer Vaughan Turekian.

• 24 March. Norman P. Neureiter, senior advisor to the AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy, testified before a U.S. House subcommittee regarding the value of U.S. international scientific cooperation as a corner-stone of constructive foreign policy.

• May. “The Science of Diplomacy,” op-ed, Foreign Policy, by the AAAS Chief International Officer and Kristin M. Lord, vice president and director of studies at the Center for a New American Security.

Public Statements on Key Issues

AAAS increased awareness

about science and technology

issues of crucial importance

to our health and well-being

through enlightening op-eds,

presentations, official letters

of protest, commendations,

and testimony before Congress.

The statements tackled such

hot topics as stem cell

research, evolution, and

climate change, inserting the

rational voice of science into

public debate.

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SCIENCE EDUCATION

• 10 June. “Adopt National Standards to Help Children Compete,” op-ed, Houston Chronicle, by the AAAS CEO and Jo Ellen Roseman, director, Project 2061. AAAS applauded a proposal to set uniform K-12 learning goals in reading and mathematics for all U.S. students, but called for shared science standards, too. This piece was republished by other media outlets, as follows:

• 23 June. St. Louis Post-Dispatch of Missouri.

• 22 June. Greenville News of South Carolina.

• 17 June. Daily News-Minor of Fairbanks, Alaska.

• 12 January. “A Wake-up Call for Science Education,” op-ed, Boston Globe. “The latest alarm bell just rang and it’s official,” the AAAS CEO wrote. “The United States is once again missing from the list of top-10 science and math education countries.”

SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY AND BIOETHICS

• 12 March. Artificial organisms, the meld between mind and machine, and the ethics of doing research in online communities such as Second Life should be part of the agenda for the successor body to the U.S. President’s Council on Bioethics, AAAS expert Mark S. Frankel said

in a special presentation. Frankel directs the AAAS Scientific Freedom, Responsibility, and the Law program.

STEM CELL RESEARCH

• 9 March. Letter to U.S. President Barack Obama, by the AAAS CEO, commending an executive order on federal support for human embryonic stem cell research and applauding the decision to issue guidance on scientific integrity.

• 20 May. AAAS commented on draft U.S. National Institutes of Health guidelines on human stem cell research. While applauding fast action toward issuing guidelines, AAAS raised several concerns related to informed consent rules, a federal registry of stem cell lines, and the challenges of conducting public and private research within the same facility.

SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• 23 January. Letter to U.S. policy-mak-ers, by the AAAS CEO, commending them for their “recognition of the importance of investing in science and technology” as part of the American Economic Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

U.S. VISA APPLICATIONS

• 10 June. “Visa Problems Harming America’s Scientific, Economic, and Security Interests,” statement by a coalition of 31 science and higher-education organizations led by AAAS, urging steps to improve the processing of U.S. visas for visiting scientists, engineers, and scholars.

WOMEN IN SCIENCE

• 23 June. “Science Benefits from 37 Years of Title IX Anti-Discrimination Law,” White House roundtable presentation by Shirley Malcom, director, AAAS Education and Human Resources. Title IX has supported significant educational strides for U.S. women, Malcom said, but financial and cultural support still are needed to promote women in science and math to “positions of power.”

• 21 July. In testimony before a U.S. House subcommittee, the AAAS CEO reported that women have made substantial gains in science and engineering fields during the past four decades. Yet, he said, the progress has been uneven and, in some cases, ground is being lost.

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AAAS Worldwide

Beyond Copenhagen—Planning for Climate Change

In Europe, the annual growing season has lengthened by

about 30 days in the past three decades, and continued

warming could lead to rain losses of 30-40% in Southern

Europe and increases of 30-40% in the north, a senior scien-

tist with the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre

said at a symposium co-sponsored by AAAS, the Embassy

of Sweden, and the U.S. Delegation of the European Union.

Experts said disruptions associated with climate change have

already begun—promising extreme heat waves, drought,

and floods—and should be met with constructive responses,

including new dikes and flood-warning systems and research

on crop breeding. The challenges are a “crisis of opportunity,”

said James W. Hansen, a research scientist at the Interna-

tional Research Institute for Climate and Society at Columbia

University, adding that greenhouse gas concentrations are so

high that society must prepare for their effects.

Two other events in the same “Beyond Copenhagen”

forum looked at other ramifications of climate change. “Water

and Urban Infrastructure” considered the likely effects of

extreme rainfall and sea-level rise within cities. At “Water and

Marine Services,” marine experts including James J. McCarthy,

AAAS board chair (2009-2010), discussed ways to adapt to

climate change’s effect on oceans, which are essential for

sustenance and carbon dioxide absorption.

AAAS Science Diplomacy Takes Off

Since launching its Center for Science Diplomacy in 2008,

AAAS has sent scientific delegations to Cuba, North Korea,

and Syria. In early 2009, a series of meetings were held in

Damascus and attended by David Baltimore, AAAS board

chair (2008-2009), as well as AAAS senior managers Vaughan

Turekian and Norman P. Neureiter. The meetings explored

how science cooperation and scholarly exchanges might

benefit the understanding of issues such as water, energy,

and agriculture—and yielded considerable enthusiasm for

collaboration as well as the reciprocal visit of a Syrian science

fellow to AAAS. Similarly encouraging interactions involved

AAAS visits with scientists and academics from the Demo-

cratic People’s Republic of Korea and Cuba, efforts that were

led by AAAS President Peter C. Agre (2009-2010).

At a meeting co-sponsored by AAAS and hosted by the

Royal Society in London, high-level scientists and science

policy leaders took a step back and examined the most fruit-

ful approaches to science diplomacy, as well as potential

problems to avoid, while considering its role in addressing

population growth, food demand, water shortages, energy

consumption, economic breakdown, and environmental

degradation.

Also this year, AAAS welcomed the heads of the three S&T

councils from Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda to discuss sci-

ence cooperation and regional integration in East Africa. The

discussion was moderated by former Rwandan Science and

Education Minister Romain Murenzi, who is currently at AAAS

as a senior scholar.

AAAS encourages global science cooperation in the interests of our increasingly interconnected

world—helping to nurture relationships with the international science community and collaborating

to address some of the world’s major challenges. Such cooperation takes on greater urgency in a

world where almost every major issue has science and technology as either the cause or the cure.

Courtesy of Alan I. Leshner

8 9

Ambitious plans. Roland Schenkel (left), director-general of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, and AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner signed a three-year agreement to pursue cooperative efforts on a range of science and technology issues.

Bruce Alberts

Helping to Harmonize Global Science

New Zealand could meet most of its liquid fuel needs from

converting softwood—mostly Monterey pine and some Doug-

las fir—to biofuels, according to collaborative research led

by Scion, New Zealand’s forest research institute. The work is

also being conducted by Sandia National Laboratory in New

Mexico, the Joint BioEnergy Institute in California, and Vere-

nium, a private company in Massachusetts. The softwoods-

to-biofuels technology could be adapted for use anywhere

with such forests, leaving valuable agricultural lands to food

production.

The New Zealand science community reportedly carries

out 40% of its research with U.S. colleagues and seeks more

foreign partners, said Helen Anderson, chief executive of New

Zealand’s Ministry of Research, Science, and Technology. She

spoke at a AAAS lecture co-sponsored by the Washington Sci-

ence Policy Alliance and the Embassy of New Zealand.

With international collaboration as a major goal, AAAS

welcomed an impressive list of science and policy leaders in

2009 to work toward “harmonizing global science,” whether

that involves developing global guidelines on embryonic stem

cell research, standardizing rules about the use of human

research subjects, or working across national boundaries to

define science ethics. International guests included science

leaders Li Jinghai, vice president of the Chinese Academy of

Sciences and vice chair of the China Association for Science

and Technology (CAST), Sir David King, chief scientific advisor

to the government of the United Kingdom (2000-2007), and

Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, Swiss state secretary for education and

research, among many others.

First-Ever Science Envoys Named

Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts,

Science Translational Medicine Chief

Scientific Advisor Elias Zerhouni, and

Nobel Prize-winning chemist Ahmed

Zewail became the first-ever U.S. science

envoys in 2009, named to the post by

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

“Nothing is more important than an

effective S&T diplomacy for our country,

now that the world is facing challenges

in health, climate change, energy, and environment that go

beyond the purview of any one nation,” Zerhouni said.

Cooperative AAAS-European Agreement

Senior managers from AAAS traveled to Brussels in 2009,

where they hammered out an agreement with the European

Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to work together

to engage the public on science issues, provide the best pos-

sible science advice to governments, and collaborate on this

century’s global challenges.

“This is an opportunity to build a world scientific partner-

ship,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner at a signing ceremony

attended by top European Commission officials, science and

technology leaders, and students from Europe and the United

States. “Both of our organizations already have ambitious

international programs, and we will work with the JRC to

address the serious challenges that confront us and to bring

other nations into our collaborative effort.”

Furthering Trans-Atlantic cooperation, AAAS launched two

projects, Link2US and BILAT-USA, with European partners to

better connect American and European researchers.

10 11

Promoting Climate Literacy and More

Thanks to grants from NASA and NOAA, the AAAS science-

literacy initiative Project 2061 is developing classroom materi-

als to engage middle-school students in concepts related

to climate and climate change. The project aims to improve

students’ understanding of climate science, yet it has another

goal: to capture middle-schoolers’ curiosity at an age when

science performance often drops. The grants allow Project

2061 staff, along with experts in climate science and teaching,

to use real-world NASA and NOAA data to engage students in

climate science.

Participating in the

worldwide effort to

promote science literacy,

AAAS in 2009 welcomed

educators from Paki-

stan and Japan with an

interest in using Project

2061’s tools and resourc-

es to improve science

teaching and learning in

their own countries. As

part of a five-year effort,

Project 2061 also hosted

a delegation of educators from Shanghai, and compared

notes with them on challenges encountered in designing, im-

plementing, and evaluating science education methods. The

Chinese translation of Project 2061’s Atlas of Science Literacy,

Volume 1, won a national prize in China, and Project 2061

Deputy Director George DeBoer was honored with an award in

Shanghai for his contributions to international exchange.

Social Media for Career Development

Taking advantage of new Web technologies and internal syn-

ergies, Science Careers—in conjunction with AAAS Education

and Human Resources, the Office of Publishing and Member-

ship Services, and the Center for Careers—have launched two

social networks. Both draw editorial content from Science

Careers, and invite individuals and organizations to contrib-

ute ideas and resources for exploring the pathways to suc-

cessful science careers

CTSciNet is an online com-

munity for people interested in

or pursuing careers in clinical

and translational research. Built

in partnership with 13 other orga-

nizations, CTSciNet is funded by

the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

Meanwhile, MySciNet brings

together scientists and students

from diverse communities to

network—and build the personal

and professional connections

needed to succeed in the sci-

ences. MySciNet received funding from the William T. Golden

Fund for Program Innovation at AAAS and 10 other sources.

Science Careers has also drawn on its network of career

experts and scientists to produce two Webinars linked to print

and digital versions of resource booklets. Career Trends:

The Informed Job Search and Career Trends: Careers Away

from the Bench. In addition, a new booklet called Career

Basics: Advice and Resources for Scientists is intended

for early-career scientists, and one titled Young Women in

Science: Forging New Pathways speaks to the career interests

of young women and girls.

Transforming Undergrad Biology

Most graduates of introductory college-level biology lack an

understanding of scientific inquiry, including how to evalu-

ate explanations of the natural world. Realizing this and its

alarming ramifications, 500 faculty, college administrators,

and policy-makers converged in July at an event sponsored

by AAAS and the National Science Foundation, Minority Op-

portunities in Research of the National Institutes of Health,

and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The main topic was

how to prepare students, not just biology majors, to work

Science Careers and Education

Promoting understanding of science worldwide, recruiting science and math teachers, providing

resources to young people starting out in science careers, strengthening and diversifying the workforce—

AAAS works through its multi-targeted career and education programs to improve the quality of science

education and the accessibility of resources available to those in science careers.

10 11

and participate in a world in which

understanding science is critical.

The conference followed a series

of conversations, with more than

200 educators from around the

country as well as undergraduates,

designed to elicit ideas on how to

improve undergraduate biology

education. The gathering resulted

in a report, Vision and Change:

A Call to Action, ongoing networking and dissemination of

materials related to the topic, and more.

Building Capacity, Supporting Diversity

Underrepresented minorities—including African Americans,

Native Americans, Hispanics, and women and people with

disabilities—represent two-thirds of the U.S. workforce

but hold only a quarter of the science and technology jobs.

Through the Center for Advancing Science & Engineering

Capacity, AAAS offers expert advice on how to help scientists

and engineers succeed. The Center organized and hosted

four workshops—on mentoring of female scientists, promot-

ing participation in computing, and two on law and diversity

on university campuses. In the law and diversity workshops,

the Center produced materials on navigating the legal maze

around promoting diversity in undergraduate and graduate

faculty and student bodies. With counsels and provosts from

35 Association of American Universities member institutions,

the workshops provoked meaningful dialogue on how to

support diversity. These forums give universities tools for

“refining the way they do business,” Center Director Daryl

Chubin told attendees.

Science and Mathematics Teachers

Three AAAS initiatives are aimed at ensuring a pool of highly

effective teachers.

DC ACTS and DC FAME, professional education programs

conducted in partnership with George Washington University

and funded by the D.C. Office of the State Superintendent of

Education, provide veteran and new teachers with the con-

tent, pedagogical knowledge, and leadership skills to become

agents of change in their schools.

In another effort, AAAS collaborates with the National

Science Foundation in support of the Robert Noyce Teacher

Scholarship Program. Cultivating science and mathematics

teachers is the mission of the scholarships, which offer class-

room experience and support as well as stipends to under-

graduate science, mathematics, and engineering majors;

post-baccalaureate students; and professionals already

working in science and engineering. For each year of support,

recipients teach at least two years in a high-need school dis-

trict. The program conference, supported by the NSF, brought

together 400 faculty, students, and professionals in science,

technology, engineering, and mathematics, who discussed the

best strategies for supporting new teachers, including obser-

vation and feedback, mentoring, and co-teaching.

Careers for Engineers with Disabilities

At a first-of-its-kind meeting of engineers with disabilities,

participants from academic institutions, federal agencies, and

professional societies discussed how they have solved prob-

lems that faced them in school and the workplace. Funded by

the National Science Foundation and organized by the AAAS

Project on Science, Technology, and Disability, the meeting

sought to tap the problem-solving skills that people with

disabilities develop to get around in the world, skills that

often translate into success in science, technology, engi-

neering, and mathematics fields. Coming up with workplace

solutions for engineers and scientists is part of an effort to

increase diversity and innovation in those fields. Also work-

ing toward that end are AAAS’s ENTRY POINT! and ACCESS

programs, co-sponsored by NASA, which place students with

disabilities in summer internships at corporations and at

federal laboratories.

“I gained further knowledge through the FAME program, and then in turn I passed that knowledge on to my students,” said Marlo Thigpen, a math teacher at Shaw Middle School at Garnett-Patter-son Campus. “I try to expose students to everything possible so that they can succeed. As I gain more, I give them more.”

Courtesy of Marlo Thigpen

12 13

Forum Showcases New U.S. Priorities

“Without energy, there is no economy; without climate, there

is no environment; and without economy and environment,

there is no well-being. So we had better figure out how to get

this right,” President Barack Obama’s science advisor and

former AAAS President John P. Holdren said during the 2009

AAAS Forum on Science and Technol-

ogy Policy. The annual Forum is the

largest and most important science and

technology conference in the country.

Organized by AAAS Science and Policy

Programs, the Forum also hosted U.S.

Energy Secretary Steven Chu, who with

Holdren and other strong representa-

tives of the science community, outlined

for 600 leaders from government, busi-

ness, research centers, and universities

the new science objectives and funding

put forth by the Obama Administra-

tion. Also at the Forum, U.S. Rep. Bart Gordon, the Tennes-

see Democrat who chairs the House Committee on Science

and Technology, urged scientists and engineers to protect

unprecedented new levels of funding by communicating their

work to others in society, especially given the tough economic

times. “What I try to explain is that spending money on re-

search and development really is jobs—it’s our future.”

S&T Policy Fellows at the Forefront

Nina Fedoroff, science and technology advisor to the U.S. Sec-

retary of State, was one of several top-level officials from gov-

ernment, non-governmental organizations, and academia who

addressed the S&T Policy Fellows during their 2009 orienta-

tion program. Then celebrating its 35th year, the program has

dispatched highly trained scientists and engineers to key U.S.

Congress and Executive Branch offices to help solve pressing

world problems. For example, fellows have helped turn former

anthrax factories in Russia, Georgia, and Kazakhstan into

vaccine production and disease surveillance facilities in those

countries. They have organized a forum on sustainable urban

development in the Middle East. And they have led an effort

to retrain Iraqi weapons scientists to do civilian work. One

2009 fellow, who is a neuroscientist, went to work at the Pen-

tagon, where he hosts a weekly radio program, interviewing

senior officials not only about weapons research, but about

the Defense Department’s research in such areas as biomedi-

cine, the environment, and the social sciences. The broadcast

reaches out to a civilian and military audience. In general,

the S&T Policy Fellowships provide scientific expertise to

policy-makers needing solutions to increasingly technical

issues, while providing a path for scientists who would like to

participate in public policy.

Science in Service of Human Rights

Satellite images detected evidence of intense fighting within a

Sri Lankan civilian safety zone in May, according to a detailed

analysis of the high-resolution images completed by AAAS.

Blamed by the government of Sri Lanka on Tamil rebels “bom-

barding their own civilians,” the fighting resulted in massive

displacement of the population and widespread loss of life,

as evidenced by hundreds of recent graves, AAAS reported.

The AAAS analysis was requested by Human Rights Watch and

Amnesty International USA.

The AAAS Science and Human Rights Program also as-

sessed satellite images in Afghanistan, where evidence of

the excavation of a mass grave raises questions about a

2001 incident in which Uzbek General Abdul Rashid Dostum

reportedly ordered the mass burial of 2,000 Taliban prison-

ers of war, after they suffocated while being transported in

containers. The advocacy group Physicians for Human Rights,

whose mission is to “investigate the health consequences of

human rights violations and work to stop them,” asked AAAS

Science Policy and Society

Serving as a source of unbiased, expert information, AAAS helps to inform science policy for

the good of society. With science gaining a bigger role in the economic recovery and further

advancement of the United States, AAAS provides timely updates on national objectives in the

areas of science and technology, S&T funding, and major global challenges and threats requiring

the intervention of science. Science and Policy Programs staff also work to provide opportunities for

scientists to enter public policy careers and to become involved in the support of human rights.

John P. Holdren

12 13

PERSONALIZED MEDICINE—Food and

Drug Administration Commissioner

Margaret Hamburg was one of many high-

level speakers who took part in a series

of 2009 AAAS colloquia on personalized

medicine, convened by the Food and Drug

Law Institute. To view video, see www.

aaas.org/spp/PM/colloquia2.shtml.

to analyze the satellite images. In July, U.S. President Barack

Obama announced that his national security staff would look

into the deaths of the Taliban prisoners to determine if the

United States contributed to possible war crimes.

Also in 2009, the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coali-

tion met to continue the work of enlisting scientists to take

up important work on human rights, holding workshops and

meetings such as, “Human Rights 101 for Scientists” and “Ethi-

cal Dilemmas in Science Practice.” Meanwhile, the “On-call”

Scientists initiative, which helps connect scientists wanting

to do volunteer work with human rights organizations, at-

tracted more than 350 scientists and engineers to work on such

projects as assessing evidence of torture, investigating the

effects of oil extraction in the Congo and gold mining in Guinea,

and evaluating the psychological impacts of child labor in the

diamond mines of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Tracking R&D Funding Trends

Top agencies doing basic research are experiencing fund-

ing increases under the Obama Administration. Detailed,

authoritative information about such trends is the product

of the AAAS R&D Budget Policy Program, directed by Patrick

Clemins, and that product is especially valuable in a difficult

economy, as policy-makers make decisions regarding science

and technology. Publishing a comprehensive yearly statistical

and analytical report on proposed research and development

allocations by the federal government, as well as ongoing on-

line updates on R&D funding, the program provides objective,

up-to-the-minute information on U.S. science funding levels.

U.S. funding levels are often compared to those of other coun-

tries, and the information is made available to the scientific

and engineering communities, as well as to congressional

staffs. “Science and technology are recognized as drivers of

economic health and growth, not only in the United States,

but also the world,” Clemins said.

Events on Climate, Health, and More

Nearly 30 events at AAAS and on Capitol Hill helped to inform

policy-makers and the public about global climate change,

infectious disease threats, and more. For instance, in Novem-

ber, experts said sea-level rise, severe weather, and ocean

acidification are already inevitable.

James J. McCarthy, AAAS board chair (2009-2010), also took

up the climate charge. McCarthy, who gave the 2009 Robert

C. Barnard Environmental Lecture, said, “We are headed to

dangerous territory at breakneck speed,” in reference to the

potential for disaster posed by climate change. McCarthy, who

was co-chair of Working Group II for the 2001 Intergovernmen-

tal Panel on Climate Change report, urged consideration of

some of the newer issues that have surfaced in the climate

debate. For example, McCarthy pointed out that nations may

be forced to manipulate the climate with geo-engineering,

such as putting fine particles in the atmosphere to reflect some

sunlight back to space, in order to counter global warming.

“We may reach a point,” McCarthy said, “where we’re going to

be so desperate that we will need to look critically at various

geo-engineering approaches.”

Even more diverse topics, from the safety of the chemical

bisphenol A, found in plastic baby bottles and other products,

to nanotechnology, were addressed during a series of seminars

organized by the AAAS Archives and the Chemical Heritage

Foundation’s Center for Contemporary History and Policy.

Sir David King, chief scientific advisor to the U.K. government (2000-2007), told an audience at AAAS in 2009 that scientists face many challenges tied to population increases.

14 15

Biosafety, Biodefense, and Fighting Infectious Disease

Anticipating and effectively combating infectious disease

outbreaks requires coordination between experts across

different disciplines, concluded a report documenting a May

2009 workshop with public health officials.

The AAAS report included an example from New York

City in which an important connection was initially missed

between seven human deaths and the fatal illness of sev-

eral animals at the Bronx Zoo. Unfortunately, health officials

researching the human deaths had no knowledge of the

animals’ illness, which was identified as West Nile Virus. It

was only after zoo officials shared their information with

public health officials that the human deaths were recognized

as the first U.S. casualties of West Nile. With a better system

of communication between public health officials and experts

outside of their discipline, the animal deaths could have been

a mechanism for early identification of the human outbreak.

Serious threats to society’s welfare underlie the relevance

and urgency of topics such as communicating about and

preparing for disease outbreaks. Other expert workshops

organized through the AAAS Center for Science, Technology,

and Security Policy (CSTSP) tackled such issues as ensuring

biological lab security while encouraging vital research, as well

as the urgent need for scientists trained to help create biode-

fense policy.

Addressing Global Challenges

Although U.S. specialists had been warning of the possibility

of a deadly flu pandemic for several years, the assumption

was that this pandemic would arise far from the United States

from the mutation of a deadly but not very contagious flu

strain into a strain that would spread rapidly from person to

person. However, the rapid spread of flu, beginning in April

2009, did not fit this model.

Some of the first cases were reported in California, and

the strain involved was not the H5N1 avian flu, which had

given rise to the earlier concerns, but an H1N1 flu more close-

ly related to the strain responsible for the deadly epidemic

in 1918. Despite initial reports of fatalities, the 2009 flu did

not appear to be very lethal. “What we had was completely

different” than what had been anticipated, Anne Schuchat of

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta told

an audience at a discussion in the “Global Challenges” series

organized by AAAS, Georgetown University’s Program on Sci-

ence in the Public Interest, and the American Chemical Soci-

ety. Moderated by Richard Harris of National Public Radio, the

event called upon Schuchat, an assistant surgeon general in

the U.S. Public Health Service, and influenza specialist Jeffrey

Taubenberger of the National Institute of Allergy and Infec-

tious Diseases to explain the main difficulties presented by

H1N1. Those difficulties included the delays manufacturers

encountered in trying to produce enough vaccine to counter

the virus, which speakers said pointed to an urgent need for

new vaccine technologies.

Other “Global Challenges” programs welcomed top

authorities in health, ecology, the environment, sea life,

and science policy to present expert insight into topics that

included the impact on the oceans of increased carbon and

Science, Technology, and Security

The AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy brings science to security policy and

security awareness to the scientific community. The center convened top experts to provide authori-

tative technical information in 2009 on such topics as biodefense, counterproliferation of weapons

of mass destruction, and combating the H1N1 flu. Such efforts resulted in a number of influential

publications and events, packaged for quick transmission to lawmakers, government officials, and

the public. The center is primarily funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

14 15

Gerald Epstein

the interconnection of water and energy, with considerable

quantities of each consumed to deliver the other.

Other Public, Press, and Policy Events

The interplay between science and the policies and cam-

paigns that shape global security took many different forms

in events organized by CSTSP in 2009. Ken Brill, director

of the National Counterproliferation Center in the Office of

the Director of National Intelligence, spoke to an afternoon

session in the AAAS auditorium about the collaboration of

scientists and the intelligence community to prevent the

spread of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons in a

world where even terrorist groups might have the technology

to develop weapons of mass destruction. Leaders of an in-

ternational evaluation of nuclear testing detection told a rapt

crowd at a three-hour Capitol Hill luncheon event that recent

technological advances have enabled a system of sensors

monitoring the Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere to be

even more effective at detecting nuclear explosions than was

projected when the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

was negotiated in 1996. Top experts also spoke at events

focusing on science diplomacy with North Korea, as well as

the advisability of ending the production of weapons-grade

fissile materials as a step toward nuclear disarmament. These

and other 2009 events brought balanced technical analysis to

the general public, the media, and policy-makers.

Epstein Joins Security Policy Center

This year, the Center for Science, Technol-

ogy, and Security Policy welcomed Gerald

Epstein, a physicist with exceptional

expertise on nuclear and biosecurity is-

sues, as its new director. Epstein comes

from the Center for Strategic and Inter-

national Studies and previously from the

Institute for Defense Analyses, where

he was assigned to the Defense Threat

Reduction Agency. He also worked for the

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the

National Security Council as well as the congressional Office of

Technology Assessment. He holds as his mission ensuring that

security policy is made with the best scientific and technical

input, and that its implementation is fully consistent with the

pursuit of scientific and technical excellence.

Richard Harris, National Public Radio, speaks with Rear Admiral Anne Schuchat, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, during a 2009 AAAS event on H1N1 influenza organized by the AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy.

16 17

Maize Genome

Plant genetics and crop breeding

got a major boost when scientists

sequenced the entire genome of one

of the oldest and most important

crops, the maize plant. (Schnable, 20

November)

Reimagining the Heliosphere

Missions by the Interstellar Boundary

Explorer and Cassini spacecrafts are

providing a totally unexpected picture

of solar winds carving out a radioactive

cavity in space for our sun, known as

the heliosphere. (McComas, 15 October,

Science Express)

Gene Therapy Technique Slows Brain Disease

Gene therapy showed promise in

the treatment of X-linked adrenoleu-

kodystrophy (ALD), a debilitating brain

disease that affects boys starting at age

6-8 and usually results in death before

adolescence. (Cartier, 6 November)

Ardipithecus ramidus

Emerging as a pivotal figure in the

story of human evolution, the Ethiopian

fossil specimen known as “Ardi” pre-

dates Lucy, once known as the Mother

of Man, bringing researchers closer to

the last common ancestor shared by

humans and chimpanzees. The Science

articles about Ardi represented 15

years of painstaking research by 47

scientists from nine nations. (White

and colleagues, 2 October)

To learn more about Ardi, go to

www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus.

Science Breakthroughs

Life-changing research published this year by Science focused on such developments as new evi-

dence of the destruction of the ozone layer by nitrous oxide, a gene therapy technique that might

someday save the lives of children with a debilitating brain disease, and meticulously studied skel-

etal remains that bring us ever closer to the last common ancestor shared by humans and chimpan-

zees. Each issue of Science underlined the role of science in our lives and brought greater under-

standing to issues of dire importance. See www.sciencemag.org.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

➞

Y. Greenman/AAAS

Image © T. White, 2008

NASA’s “all-sky map.”Science

16 17

New Top Ozone-Depleting Emission

Nitrous oxide causes more ozone de-

struction than more commonly known

ozone-depleting substances, and

limiting its emission could significantly

speed the recovery of Earth’s ozone

layer, scientists reported. (Ravishan-

kara, 27 August, Science Express)

Fighting to Save the World’s Fisheries

Changing the way fisheries are man-

aged could save them from collapse,

new evidence indicates. Strategic

closures, gear restrictions, ocean zon-

ing, and economic incentives might

sacrifice current yields but would

help to ensure the fisheries’ survival.

(Worm, 31 July)

Can Cutting Calories Increase Life Spans?

Significantly reducing caloric intake

increases longevity in rhesus monkeys,

a 20-year study suggests. Because of

parallels between the monkeys and

humans, the study suggests that the

bodies of humans who cut calories

might react similarly. (Colman, 10 July)

African Genetic Diversity and Ancestry

The population of Africa evolved from

14 ancestral populations, suggested a

new genetic study, which revealed im-

mense diversity across the continent.

The findings could lead to medical

advances in Africa and to further in-

sights into human evolutionary history.

(Tishkoff, 30 April, Science Express)

Fermi Data Illuminate Gamma-Ray Pulsars

Like a new set of eyes in space, the

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has

revealed a whole new level of information

about pulsars, objects that pulse brightly

at gamma and radio wavelengths. (Abdo,

2 July, Science Express, 14 August)

Science News Highlights

The Best of Science Writing anthologies

selected two Science articles in 2009.

– Science staff writer Jennifer Couzin

explored the idea that happiness,

smoking, and even obesity spread

among friends. (23 January)

– In a profile of the late Norman Bor-

laug, Science staff writer Erik Stokstad

described one man’s battle to stamp out

a devastating wheat fungus. (8 May)

Two Science writers won prestigious

prizes in 2009 for work published

in 2008:

– Correspondent Jon Cohen was

awarded the Excellence in Media

Award by the Global Health Council for

his investigation of the successes and

failures of HIV-AIDS funding in Uganda

and Botswana. (25 July 2008)

– Examining new research that impli-

cates shock waves in blast trauma suf-

fered by soldiers in Iraq, Science writer

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee was honored

with Mental Health America’s Media

Award. (25 January 2008)

Read about other Science developments, next page. ➞

Courtesy of NASA

18 19

Science Translational Medicine Launched

This new Science publication

debuted in October to publish

research that offers significant

promise in improving medical

treatment and patient care. An

offshoot of Science, Science

Translational Medicine fol-

lows the successful journal

Science Signaling, which was

expanded last year. The first

issue of Science Translational

Medicine contained an article describing a device for detect-

ing tiny amounts of estrogen, which could be useful in breast

cancer screening. Elias Zerhouni, M.D., former director of the

U.S. National Institutes of Health and recently named a U.S.

science envoy by the U.S. State Department, serves as the

new journal’s chief scientific advisor. See www.sciencetransla-

tionalmedicine.org.

Science Celebrates the Year of Darwin

In celebration of the 150th anniversary of Darwin’s On the

Origin of Species, as well as the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s

birth, Science published a wide range of research on how

living things diversify and produce new species. The articles

represented an overall effort to continue Darwin’s work, and to

understand and document the forces behind evolution, while at

the same time reflecting how genetics is answering questions

on a molecular and cellular level about what enables evolution

to occur. Also in celebration of Darwin, Science offered monthly

“Origins” essays as well as a corresponding blog on key devel-

opments in evolution and in human culture.

Communicating About H1N1

Starting in May, just one month after the first cases of H1N1

were reported, Science began publishing both research and

news articles about the alarming pandemic. Working hard

to shed light on H1N1’s threat as well as the campaign to

combat it, Science editors quickly vetted research on topics

as divergent as the flu’s origins, its severity and spread, and

an evidence-based method for choosing which segments of

the population should be first to receive flu vaccine in order to

best protect the public health. At an event sponsored by the

Council on Foreign Relations and Science, top experts in the

fields of science, economics, public health, and foreign rela-

tions said H1N1 influenza revealed cracks in the global plan

for dealing with pandemics but also offers opportunities to

fine-tune that plan for potentially more deadly epidemics.

Special Focus on Education

Led by Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts, Science has taken on the

mission of promoting progress in science education and the

“science of education” by publishing research and discussion

that explores and analyzes educational systems. Throughout

2009, Science published important research and insights

to education in the form of original research, Perspectives,

Reviews, and “Education Forums.” The articles delved into

such topics as determining the effectiveness of technology

in education, connecting at-risk students’ science classroom

experiences to their everyday lives, the benefits to student

performance of getting teachers into research labs, opening

educational resources to all, bringing scientific inquiry into

the classroom, and new research suggesting that gesturing

to babies at around 14 months gives them an advantage in

developing vocabulary.

Other Science Developments

C. Bickel/AAAS

18 19

Other Science Developments

Alberts, who in early 2009 met privately with the Chinese

premier, Wen Jiabao, returned to China with a delegation that

included Richard Stone, the Science Asia news editor, and a

representative for AAAS’s EurekAlert! Chinese science news

service. In a lecture at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Alberts urged the U.S. and Chinese governments to improve

science education. He also encouraged young scientists to

take creative risks in their research.

Prizes Awarded and Announced

The winner in the 2009 Eppendorf and Science Prize in Neu-

robiology, Richard Benton, was recognized for his research

on the molecular mechanisms of odor detection in insects,

work that could lead to controlling odor-evoked behaviors of

insects that transmit diseases such as malaria.

The GE and Science Prize for Young Life Scientists went

to Michael Crickmore, for his research on why the body parts

of a single animal develop into different sizes. Focusing on

the common fruit fly, Crickmore showed how the regulation

of particular proteins controls the development of wings and

appendages.

Authors of two Science articles, “Optical Images of an Exo-

solar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth” and “Direct Imaging

of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799,” won the New-

comb Cleveland Prize, supported by Affymetrix, for offering

the first definitive, direct imaging of planets that orbit distant

stars. Their work may one day lead to the direct imaging of

Earth-like planets in order to examine them for gases associ-

ated with life. (See page 27.)

Also in 2009, the Science Prize for Online Resources in

Education (SPORE) was developed to distinguish the best

online materials available to science educators. Science

publishes an article by each recipient of the award explaining

each winning project.

Six previously unknown swimming species of acrocirrid polycheate worms recently discovered in the deep Pacific Ocean. Hypotheti-cal relationships are represented by the twisted evolutionary path leading to each species in this unrooted tree. A typical benthic acrocirrid is included for comparison to the swimming species.

© 2009 Karen J. Osborn

20 21

Media and Public Engagement

A Call to Action on Climate

Among the all-star speakers at the AAAS 2009 Annual Meet-

ing in Chicago was Nobel Peace Prize-winner Al Gore, who

called on scientists to join in communicating the truth about

climate change and its impact on the Earth. Gore, speaking

to an overflow crowd of 3,000, asked scientists to employ

their “knowledge and wisdom” at every level of the political

process to push a shift to renewable energy over the next 10

years. Introducing Gore, James J. McCarthy, AAAS board chair

(2009-2010), said, “No single individual deserves more credit

… for our public acceptance of climate change—public ac-

ceptance that has emboldened growing numbers of mayors,

governors, senators, and presidential candidates.”

Other top speakers included evolutionary biology expert

Sean Carroll, who spoke about Charles Darwin, Alfred Russell

Wallace, and Henry Walter Bates—explorers from what Carroll

termed “the first golden age” of evolutionary biology. Genetic

science has brought us to another golden age in evolutionary

science, Carroll said in a presentation that brought his audi-

ence to their feet with its storytelling, music, and slide show

of stunning nature shots.

Nearly 6,600 people attended the 2009 Annual Meeting.

Science and the White House

In spring 2009, AAAS-Science contributed the first-ever

science activity at the White House egg roll. A joint effort

of AAAS Education and Human Resources and the Office of

Public Programs, the exhibit, which was designed and staffed

by AAAS, attracted thousands of visitors of all ages. Chil-

dren played an interactive egg-matching game in which they

matched reproductions of six eggs with their animal parents.

They could also view live amphibian eggs, and learn about

the life cycle of a frog and the structure of eggs. A color-

ing sheet presented the kinds of animals that lay eggs. The

exhibit was intended to offer “something for everyone,” said

Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS Education and Human Re-

sources. “Science is everywhere, it’s all around us, and you’re

never too young.”

Building Bridges: Science and the Public

Scientists and the public understand more about each other

since the release of a study by the Pew Research Center,

conducted in collaboration with AAAS. The study showed that

large majorities of Americans believe that science has had a

positive effect on society and has made life easier for most

people. Even those who are skeptical of scientific conclusions

on such topics as climate change and evolution rate scientists

highly and believe in government investment in science.

At the same time, 85% of scientists see the public’s lack of

scientific knowledge as a major problem for science, and 76%

say another problem for science is that news reports fail to

distinguish between findings that are well-founded and those

that are not.

AAAS brought public visibility to science and its importance in our world with events ranging from

a White House exhibit for citizens of all ages to the 2009 Annual Meeting, attended by thousands,

including hundreds of media professionals. Evolution, genetics, and sustainability were just some of

the topics tackled by AAAS in 2009 with the goal of engaging the public in thoughtful exploration of

our natural world. Through events, science news for journalists worldwide, and media workshops for

scientists and engineers, AAAS facilitated the broad communication of science.

Bruce Alberts, editor-in-chief, Science, with students at the 2009 AAAS Annual Meeting in Chicago.

20 21

AAAS Communicating Science program: www.aaas.org/communicatingscience

EurekAlert! www.eurekalert.org

AAAS communicated the survey’s conclusions through an

article on the AAAS Web site and a teleconference; an audio

recording was then uploaded onto aaas.org as well.

Abelson Seminar: Translational Medicine

Erin Lavik is experimenting with a nanoparticle designed to

activate blood platelets, with the goal of slowing the bleeding

that worsens spinal-cord damage immediately following an

injury.

Lavik represents the intensely multidisciplinary approach

of translational medicine, which brings advances in research

into medical settings and which was the focus of the 2009

AAAS Abelson Advancing Science event. Honoring the legacy

of science icon Philip Hauge Abelson, a long-time AAAS

senior advisor and Science editor emeritus, the event brought

together Lavik, Elias Zerhouni, who is the chief science advi-

sor for Science Translational Medicine, and Hal Dietz, another

translational pioneer.

The event was part of broader efforts to communicate

the potential of translational medicine by AAAS. In October

2009, AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner brought the topic to a Capitol

Hill briefing, introducing the Science Translational Medicine

journal, which was designed to promote communication be-

tween academic and corporate researchers and doctors. Such

collaboration is seen as crucial to fostering medical advances,

especially when venture capital money is scarce and big drug

companies are pursuing conservative investments.

AAAS Divisions Unite

The annual AAAS Arctic Division meeting in 2009 focused

on sustainability versus the consequences of climate

change, even as Arctic communities suffer severe erosion

and encroaching waters because of increasingly devastating

storms and rising seas. Food shortages are another resultant

problem, as climate change affects fish runs and disrupts the

habits of game animals.

The four regional divisions of AAAS organize meetings

on regional issues and promote publications from scientists

within each of the divisions. At the 2009 meeting of the Pacific

Division, sustainability was also a focus and included pollu-

tion and climate change threats to the San Francisco Bay, with

discussions taking into account the complication of working to

sustain a natural environment that is constantly evolving. “We

have to figure out how to adapt our conservation and sustain-

ability to a world in which a strategy that works one moment

may not work the next,” said Roger Christianson, executive

director of the division.

The Caribbean Division conference put forth a strong push

toward building public interest in science. “We strongly believe

that the public, including poor and disadvantaged groups, has

the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its ap-

plications,” said Caribbean Division President Jorge Colón, “but

that right can only be fulfilled if science and technology are

broadly available and accessible.”

The Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division Annual

Division meeting offered symposia on rainforest natural history

and alternative energy, and workshops on science communica-

tion. The meeting emphasized the importance of transcending

traditional boundaries of science in a world in which “the largest

problems facing society are so large and burdensome that no one

scientific discipline, institution, or research method can find solu-

tions,” said David Nash, executive director of the division.

AAAS Family Science Days drew nearly 2,000 attendees.

22 23

New Endowment Recognizes Public Engagement

The year was 2008, and with his wife Margee, Bob Hazen,

then an outgoing member of the AAAS Committee on Public

Understanding of Science and Technology (CoPUST), had an

idea. The Hazens and Bob’s fellow committee members knew

that scientists’ public engagement work—their efforts to

communicate exciting concepts to the public with “accurate

simplicity”—was of the utmost importance, especially at a

time when so many of the key issues on the minds of Ameri-

cans are tied to science and technology. But they also knew

that earlier career scientists would not earn tenure or get

grants just by being great communicators.

So Bob and Margee Hazen began establishing a fund

to endow the newest of the AAAS awards: The Early Career

Award for Public Engagement with Science.

According to Bob: “By recognizing one early-career scien-

tist each year, the award will highlight successful examples of

public engagement and create models for other scientists and

engineers. As the major voice for science, AAAS is really in a

unique position to give these kinds of efforts the credibility

that they deserve.”

AAAS CEO Alan Leshner agreed, and in fact, he and his

wife Agnes made substantial gifts of their own.

Special Gifts and Projects 2009

More than 84% of the support for AAAS’s diverse programs comes from grants, contributions, and

other outside funding. Working in collaboration with AAAS staff, donors can establish special funds

that accomplish important goals.

Since then, many more donors have stepped forward to

show their support.

“Without the generosity of the donors who have supported

this important and timely effort, this award would be a good

idea, but it would definitely not yet be a reality,” Leshner said.

“This is an excellent example of what can be accomplished

when generous people get behind a good idea.”

By press-time, just under $20,000 more was needed to

reach the $150,000 goal to sustain the new award in perpetuity.

AAAS will launch the new award in 2010, selecting the first

recipient to be recognized at its 2011 Annual Meeting. Infor-

mation on how to apply will be available online at www.aaas.

org/aboutaaas/awards/.

$2.3 Million Gift to Endow AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards

The 2009 Science Journalism Awards

are the first to be given under a new

endowment established by Fred Kavli

and The Kavli Foundation. The awards—

first given in 1945—now are called the

AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards.

Kavli is a Norwegian-born physicist,

entrepreneur, business leader, innovator

and philanthropist who is dedicated to

supporting research and education that

has a positive, long-term impact on the human condition. He

established The Kavli Foundation in 2000 to advance science

for the benefit of humanity.

“I am very pleased that The Kavli Foundation, with goals

similar to those of AAAS, has joined in helping us honor such

fine examples of science journalism,” said Alan I. Leshner,

chief executive officer of AAAS and executive publisher of

the journal Science. “The winners demonstrate the breadth

and depth of contemporary science reporting, even at a time

when journalism outlets continue to face daunting economic

challenges.”

“We are truly delighted to support this award honoring

science journalists whose excellence has been recognized by Bob Hazen and student

Fred Kavli

22 23

2009 AAAS Annual Meeting news: http://news.aaas.org/2009/

Nearly 500 members of the science reporting community gather to honor the 2009 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award winners.

More Special Projects, next page. ➞

their peers,” said Kavli. “The ability to communicate science

in an understandable, interesting and exciting way is essen-

tial to gain the support of the public and policy-makers, and

to stimulate the interest and excitement in our youth to select

science careers.”

The new endowment also allowed expansion of the televi-

sion category to include two awards for the first time, one for

spot news/feature reporting and one for in-depth reporting.

Independent panels of science journalists select the win-

ners of the awards.

Two AAAS Members Honor Their Teacher

When Woody Savage and Lyn Armbruster first entered John

Marean’s high school physics class, they had a passing inter-

est in science. When they left at the end of the year, they were

scientists in the making.

Over decades of teaching, Marean worked to uphold his

belief that teachers need to offer assistance to students who

are eager to try different educational approaches. As a result

of his efforts, Woody and Lyn, who married ten years later,

gained a tremendous amount of self-confidence and apprecia-

tion for the seemingly endless opportunities science offered.

Marean’s lasting influence also led to careers in the field—

Woody, as a seismologist at the U.S. Geological Survey; and

Lyn, as a middle- and high-school mathematics teacher in

both public and private schools (now retired) and also a de-

veloper of supplemental mathematics educational materials.

Since their respective time in his class, Woody and Lyn, by

their own introspections, realized that Marean was a “touch-

stone” of their lives, both personally and professionally. It is

with this spirit that they decided to honor and thank Marean

with their pledge in his name to support the AAAS Leadership

in Science Education Prize.

Established in 2006 with a generous contribution from

Edith D. Neimark, this annual award recognizes high-school

science teachers for the development and implementation

of innovative teaching methods and encouraging the next

generation of scientists.

Learn more about the 2009 AAAS Leadership in Science

Education Prize at www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/awards/hs_

scied_leadership/.

24

Anil Dash

Special Gifts and Projects 2009 cont’d

Golden Fund: Social Media and Policy

The late William T. Golden, treasurer emeritus of AAAS,

established the William T. Golden Endowment Fund for

Program Innovation with a generous, historic gift of $5.25

million in 2003. The purpose of the fund is to support activi-

ties beyond the scope of AAAS’s general budget, catalyzing

programmatic innovation.

In 2009, the Golden Fund supported Expert Labs, provid-

ing seed money for this cutting-edge collaboration with the

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to provide a

platform for interactive dialogue between policy-makers and

the science community.

Expert Labs will

leverage and extend the

potential of social network-

ing, a technological realm

popularized by such public

systems as Facebook and

Twitter. The effort is headed

by Web gurus Gina Tra-

pani and Anil Dash, who

described Expert Labs as

“making technology that

helps government listen

to citizens,” by answering

the questions of policy-makers with authoritative information

from an online community of experts in science and technology

and other citizens with specialized expertise. AAAS CEO Alan

I. Leshner described the project as a perfect fit for AAAS’s mis-

sion of promoting the effective use of science in public policy,

while enhancing communication among scientists, engineers,

and the public. See www.expertlabs.org.

Are you interested in supporting the AAAS

Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science,

encouraging excellence in science teaching, making a gift

in someone’s honor, establishing a special fund, or

providing general support to AAAS?

Please contact the Development Office at (202) 326-6636 or jstaiano@aaas.org.

Special Funds at AAAS

By establishing special funds, donors ensure long-term sup-

port for a wide range of initiatives to advance science and

serve society.

The Charles Valentine Riley Memorial Endowment sup-

ports an annual lecture to enhance agriculture through

increased scientific knowledge.

The Fund for Honesty in Scientific Research supports

efforts to promote scientific integrity.

AAAS’s John P. McGovern Endowment funds a lecture by

a prominent behavioral scientist to explore the accomplish-

ments and challenges of the behavioral sciences.

The Joshua E. Neimark Memorial Travel Assistance Endow-

ment provides grants to support travel to the AAAS Annual

Meeting.

AAAS’s Leadership in Science Education Fund recognizes

high-school science teachers for the development and imple-

mentation of innovative teaching methods.

The Revelle Fund supports one AAAS Science & Technol-

ogy Policy Fellow in the area of domestic or international

environmental issues.

The William T. Golden Endowment Fund for Program

Innovation inspires new program ideas by funding activities

not normally supported by the AAAS general budget.

Charles Valentine Riley Examining an Insect. Undated.

AAAS is here – helping scientists achieve career success.

Every month, over 400,000 students and scientists visit ScienceCareers.org in search of the information, advice, and opportuni-ties they need to take the next step in their careers.

A complete career resource, free to the public, Science Careers offers a suite of tools and services developed specifi cally for scientists. With hundreds of career development articles, a grants and scholarships database, webinars and downloadable booklets fi lled with practical advice, a community forum providing real-time answers to career questions, and thousands of job listings in academia, government, and industry, Science Careers has helped countless individuals prepare themselves for successful careers.

As a AAAS member, your dues help AAAS make this service freely available to the scientifi c community. If you’re not a member, join us. Together we can make a difference.

To learn more, visit aaas.org/sciencecareers.

Charles Valentine Riley Collection. Special Collections, National Agricultural Library.

24

AAAS is here – helping scientists achieve career success.

Every month, over 400,000 students and scientists visit ScienceCareers.org in search of the information, advice, and opportuni-ties they need to take the next step in their careers.

A complete career resource, free to the public, Science Careers offers a suite of tools and services developed specifi cally for scientists. With hundreds of career development articles, a grants and scholarships database, webinars and downloadable booklets fi lled with practical advice, a community forum providing real-time answers to career questions, and thousands of job listings in academia, government, and industry, Science Careers has helped countless individuals prepare themselves for successful careers.

As a AAAS member, your dues help AAAS make this service freely available to the scientifi c community. If you’re not a member, join us. Together we can make a difference.

To learn more, visit aaas.org/sciencecareers.

Francis S. CollinsAAAS Philip Hauge Abelson PrizeThe Philip Hauge Abelson Prize honors a

public servant for sustained exceptional

contributions to advancing science or

a scientist or engineer who has been

distinguished both for scientific achieve-

ment and service to the community.

Francis S. Collins was recognized on the basis of his

extraordinary skills as a scientist, as a spokesperson for the

ethical and responsible use of science, as a communicator

with the public and policy makers, and for his pioneering lead-

ership of major, highly successful federal scientific initiatives.

May R. BerenbaumAAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and TechnologyThe award recognizes working scientists

and engineers who make outstanding

contributions to the “popularization

of science.”

May R. Berenbaum was honored for her extraordinary

ability to integrate her original research on the world of

insects with her inspirational efforts to communicate the

wonders and complexity of nature.

Katepalli R. SreenivasanAAAS Award for International Scientific CooperationThe award recognizes extraordinary

contributions to furthering international

cooperation in science and engineering.

Katepalli R. Sreenivasan was chosen

for his role as a transformational leader

of an international research center that promotes cutting-

edge science by bringing together the brightest minds from

nations within and beyond the developing world.

Nancy OlivieriAAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and ResponsibilityThe award honors scientists and engi-

neers whose exemplary actions, some-

times taken at significant personal cost,

have served to foster scientific freedom

and responsibility.

Nancy Olivieri was selected for her indefatigable determi-

nation that patient safety and research integrity come before

institutional and commercial interests and for her courage in

defending these principles in the face of severe consequences.

Luis A. ColónAAAS Mentor AwardThe award honors early- or mid-career

AAAS members who have mentored

significant numbers of students from

underrepresented groups or who have

changed the climate of a department,

college, or institution to significantly

increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing

doctoral studies in the sciences.

Luis A. Colón was chosen for his deep commitment to

advancing diversity in the chemical sciences, leading to an

increase in Hispanic American Ph.D.s in chemistry.

Diola BagayokoAAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime AchievementThe award honors AAAS members who,

for 25 years or more, have mentored

significant numbers of students from

underrepresented groups or who have

changed the climate of a department,

college, or institution to significantly increase the diversity

of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in

the sciences.

Diola Bagayoko was honored for his extraordinary efforts

to significantly increase the number of African American

Ph.D.s in physics and chemistry.

The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, and journalists.

We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

AAAS Awards and Prizes

26

AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize Supported by Affymetrix

The prize acknowledges an outstanding paper published in the Articles, Research Articles, or Reports sections of Science.

Paul Kalas, James R. Graham, Eugene Chiang, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Mark Clampin, Edwin S. Kite, Karl Stapelfeldt, Christian

Marois, and John Krist were honored for the research article “Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth,”

published in Science 28 November 2008, pp. 1345-1348; and Christian Marois, Bruce Macintosh, Travis Barman, B. Zuckerman,

Inseok Song, Jennifer Patience, David Lafrenière, and René Doyon were honored for the research article “Direct Imaging of

Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799,” published in Science 28 November 2008, pp. 1348-1352.

AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books

These prizes, sponsored by Subaru of America, Inc., celebrate outstanding science writing and illustration for children and

young adults.

Children’s Science Picture BookPenny Chisholm, Author; Molly Bang, Author and Illustrator

Living Sunlight: How Plants Bring the Earth to Life (Blue Sky Press/Scholastic)

Middle Grades Science BookPamela S. Turner, Author; Andy Comins, Illustrator

The Frog Scientist (Houghton Mifflin)

Young Adult Science BookIdan Ben-Barak, Author

Invisible Kingdom: From the Tips of Our Fingers to the Tops of

Our Trash, Inside the Curious World of Microbes (Basic Books)

Award for Lifetime Achievement in Hands-on Science WritingRobert Gardner, Author

AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards

These awards, endowed by Fred Kavli and The Kavli Foundation, recognize excellence in reporting for a general audience and

honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering, and mathematics. (Also see page 22.)

Large Newspaper - Carl Zimmer, The New York Times

Small Newspaper - Amie Thompson, Great Falls Tribune

Magazine - Gary Wolf, Wired

Television Spot News/Feature Reporting - Julia Cort, NOVA scienceNOW

Television In-Depth Reporting - Doug Hamilton, WGBH/NOVA

Radio - Jad Abumrad, Soren Wheeler, Robert Krulwich, WNYC Radiolab

Online - Lisa Friedman, ClimateWire

Children’s Science News - Douglas Fox, Science News for Kids

27

28 29

Agriculture, Food, and Renewable ResourcesCaitilyn Allen Steven R. Archer David D. Baltensperger Wilbert H. BlackburnMichael D. CaslerJoseph ChappellRobert Bruce GoldbergPeter K. HeplerHarry J. KleeDonald P. KnowlesClint W. MagillRonald J. NachmanHenry T. NguyenPeggy Ozias-AkinsIvette PerfectoGary A. PetersonAnireddy ReddyRobert SchmidtDavid SpoonerBruce E. TabashnikEwen Cameron David ToddGeorge F. VanceDonald P. WeeksValerie Moroz WilliamsonCarol E. Windels

Anthropology Susan M. CachelDiane Zaino ChaseKaterina HarvatiAndrew HillGary D. JamesEllen MesserYolanda MosesLynnette Leidy Sievert

Astronomy James M. CordesEileen D. FrielPhilip R. GoodeAlyssa A. GoodmanChristopher ImpeyMario LivioKevin MarvelRamesh NarayanPatrick S. OsmerLawrence A. TaylorSaeqa Dil VrtilekDavid Hal Weinberg

Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Science Meinrat O. AndreaeRonald BennerMark A. BrzezinskiJohn W. Farrington

John E, KutzbachDiane M. McKnightJonathan OverpeckJoyce E. PennerStephanie L. PfirmanPhilip J. Rasch Armistead G. Russell

Biological Sciences David B. AllisonFrances H. ArnoldSarah AssmannJames R. Baker, Jr.Utpal BanerjeeEtty (Tika) BenvenisteRandy Dean BlakelyMichael BoehnkeS. Marc BreedloveDavid D. Breshears Anthony Paul BretscherBonita J. BrewerTerry M Bricker W. Zacheus CandeIng-Ming ChiuJames Edward CleaverTimothy ClosePierre A. CoulombeHarry A. Dailey, Jr.Ross E. Dalbey Ronald L. Davis. Richard J. DebusDarleen A. DeMasonJames K. DetlingJanis Lou DickinsonBarry J. DicksonJohn E. DonelsonTimothy DonohueMichael E. DorcasDavid DraperStuart E. DryerNatalia DudarevaJay Clark DunlapScott V. EdwardsPeggy FarnhamDonna FeketeMauro FerrariCarol Lynn FoltSteven A. FrankBernd FritzschWilliam E. FrySteven D. GainesSandra J. GendlerMark GersteinJ. Whitfield GibbonsAlfred L. GoldbergErich GrotewoldDavid M. Haaland

Mark S. HafnerKlaus HahnJonathan HainesSarah Carter HakeMichael N. HallMary Ann HandelF. Ulrich HartlGraham F. HatfullNorman B. HechtS. Blair HedgesRogene F. HendersonVincent J. HilserJames T. HollibaughAustin L. HughesMary Hunzicker-DunnThomas E. JohnsonPeter A. JonesCynthia M. JonesJerry KaplanRichard KarbanSteve A. KayKenneth J. KemphuesEllen D. KettersonJoseph KieberThomas S. KilduffMarc W. KirschnerTodd Robert KlaenhammerAlan K. KnappDuncan C. KrauseRobert L. LastFrederick C. LeungDaniel J. LewAnthony D. LongRobert J. MaierThomas E. MartinBarry R. MastersMakoto MatsuokaGary Frederick McCrackenDon J. MelnickMary Ann MoranJames Thomas MorrisDonna M. MuraskoKarin Musier-ForsythJohn H. NilsonDonald R. OrtMark A. PeiferCynthia B. PetersonCatherine M. PringleStephen W. RagsdaleJohn N. ReeveErle S. RobertsonG. Shirleen RoederMark D. RoseJoan B. RoseMichael G. RosenfeldJay A. RosenheimJohn R. Roth

David D. SabatiniOsvaldo Esteban SalaVirginia M. SandersMichael ScanlonDaniel SchlenkJohn ScottRaymond D. SemlitschAndrey S. ShawJen SheenThomas E. ShenkCharles J. SherrYigong ShiGerald I. ShulmanGail Entner SonensheinMichael Robert StallcupMichael F. SummersLorraine S. SymingtonJames M. TepperBruce TidorLiang TongJudith L. Van HoutenWillem F.J. VermaasXiao-Fan WangStephen G. WellerCharlene J. WilliamsDennis R. WingeCurt WittenbergCynthia WolbergerLarry James YoungSu-May YuMaria Elena ZavalaHuimin Zhao

Chemistry Mufit AkincYitzhak ApeloigR. Thomas BakerSimon R. BareAlison A. BaskiHagan BayleyTadgh P. BegleyPhilip C. BevilacquaRobert K. Boeckman, Jr.Jillian M. BuriakJudith N. BurstynRichard A. CerioneRichard ChamberlinChung-Hsuan ChenEric L. ChronisterRobert Norman ComptonVictoria J. DeRoseBarry DellingerFrancis J. DiSalvoMartin EgliJack H. FreedBarbara J. GarrisonMichael H. Gelb

Andrew A. GewirthHilary A. GodwinMark S. GordonGregory V. HartlandMarc A. HillmyerMelissa A. HinesKerry Wayne HippsMei HongGordon D. JarvinenWilliam D. JonesJay A. LabingerYuehe LinPeter H. McBreenJames A. McCloskeyFrank J. MilleroFrancis S. MillettGlenn MillhauserDavid J. NorrisJames S. NowickBruce ParkinsonJeanne E. PembertonKimberly PratherAyyalusamy RamamoorthyThomas B. RauchfussNorbert O. ReichKathleen S. ReinMary T. RodgersVincent RotelloMichael J. SepaniakRon L. ShepardSusan B. SinnottKevin Malcolm SmithSteven A. SoperJeffrey I. SteinfeldJames C. StevensRichard E. TaylorMichael L. ThompsonJames M. TourMichael TrenaryDavid R. TylerJohn F. WackerFrank A. WeinholdJames C. WeisshaarMary J. WirthSotiris S. XantheasHans-Conrad zur Loye

Dentistry and Oral Health SciencesMargaret R. Byers

Education Marjorie G. BardeenDavid BrakkeStacey Lowery BretzDennis William CheekE. Gordon GeeNorman G. Lederman

AAAS FellowsAAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made significant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affiliation, were elected Fellows in fall 2009. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their service to science and technology.

28 29

Julie A. LuftCatherine ManducaJeanne L. NarumJo Ellen RosemanAnita RoychoudhuryKathryn ScantleburyJudith ScotchmoorSusan SingerMarcy Hamby Towns

EngineeringMetin AkayGang BaoSankar BasuYildiz BayazitogluC. Philip ChenGang ChenWilliam CluettNarendra B. DahotreGordon W. DayNader EnghetaKatherine Whittaker FerraraGary G. GimmestadIbrahim N. HajjQing HuRoger D. KammBryan KarneyMichael E. KassnerSusan KauzlarichMoe A. KhaleelRajinder P. KhoslaAkhlesh LakhtakiaJerry Y.S. LinVladimir MitinJavad MostaghimiDavid R. MyersWalid A. NajjarShrikanth NarayananCharles C. NguyenLukas NovotnyArogyaswami Joseph PaulrajViktor K. PrasannaSeeram RamakrishnaRavi RavindranJeffrey Allen ReimerDebra R. ReinhartSunil SaigalMohammad SamimyEdward H. SargentPeter SearsonMubarak ShahRam D. SriramTirumalai S. SrivatsanChai Keong TohKimon P. ValavanisKalliat T. ValsarajDionisios (Dion) G. VlachosMark R. WiesnerDenis Wirtz

General Interest in Science and EngineeringPaula ApsellT. David BassBeryl Lieff BenderlyLinda BillingsDeborah L. BlumJames C. CornellDavid Gerald GalloJeffrey S. GrabmeierDaniel J. McCleese

Geology and Geography Raymond S. BradleyOwen P. BrickerDaniel G. BrownAnne E. CareyMary Anne CarrollRichard ChurchFrank W. DavisDonald J. DePaoloRobert T. DownsWilliam Ewart Easterling IIIBrooks B. EllwoodJoan J. FitzpatrickJohn J. FlynnWilliam L. GrafRobyn E. HanniganJonathan HarborCarol P. HardenStephen T. JacksonMei-Po KwanThorne LayTimothy W. LyonsWilliam S. ReeburghRoberta L. RudnickWilliam SchlesingerRobert C. ThunellSamuel Justin TrainaPeter E. van Keken

History and Philosophy of Science Garland E. AllenDaniel C. DennettMaura FlanneryAnita GuerriniManfred Laubichler

Industrial Science and Technology Russell J. ChurchillAlbert Migliori

Information, Computing, and Communication Marc AuslanderRichard G. BaraniukAlok ChoudharyNarsingh DeoJames A. GoslingThomas A. Hermann

Anthony J. G. HeyEric HorvitzHenry C. KellyThomas F. KnightDavid B. LometKeshav K. PingaliSanguthevar RajasekaranJeffrey S. VitterOuri Wolfson

Linguistics and Language ScienceEdward L. KeenanEllen Friedman PrinceSarah Grey Thomason

Mathematics Bjorn BirnirSylvia Trimble BozemanAlfred HalesSuzanne LenhartJeffery D. McNealRobert E. MegginsonJuan C. MezaPhilippe TondeurAlan Tucker

Medical Sciences Ann M. ArvinEric ChivianJames E. Crowe, Jr.Michael L. DustinKathryn M. EdwardsPaul R. EpsteinStephen FriendLaurie GlimcherGökhan HotamisligilBilly Gerald HudsonScott HultgrenMarcelo Jacobs-LorenaKarla KirkegaardLeo LefrancoisMichael LenardoDavid LevyJeffrey A. LiebermanMaurine LinderW. Ian LipkinStephen S. MorseLouis J. MugliaVassilios PapadopoulosSteven Marc PaulRoger Matthew PerlmutterM. Ian PhillipsSusan R. RossPeter SarnowJonathan D. SmithMark A. SmithJoseph W. St. Geme IIIJurg TschoppEric VerdinChristopher A. WalshKai W. WucherpfenningWayne YokoyamaJunying Yuan

Neuroscience Thomas D. AlbrightDavid G. AmaralHeinrich BetzWilliam A. CatterallDon W. ClevelandCatherine DulacJack L. FeldmanHarold GainerCraig Edward JahrPhilip W. LandfieldDavid J. LindenIan ParkerTomaso A. PoggioJulio J. RamirezJames SurmeierMichael J. ZigmondStuart M. Zola

Pharmaceutical Sciences Rajesh AgarwalJohn F. CarpenterStephen L. EckCandace JohnsonRobert J. LinhardtGary G. MeadowsLee Roy MorganRuiwen Zhang

Physics Philip B. AllenGordon J. Aubrecht IIElizabeth J. BeiseJames E. BrauScott A. ChambersLiu ChenDavid Hand CowardJohn P. CumalatElbio R. DagottoBernard DelleyJonathan P. DowlingH. Frederick DyllaLeon GlassWilliam H. GoldsteinJordan A. GoodmanJ. Michael F GunnLene V. HauJoAnne L. HewettWilson HoBarbara V. JacakChi-Chang KaoStuart A. KauffmanLeong Chuan KwekThomas W. LudlamPatricia L. McBrideBernardo Gabriel MindlinStephen E. NaglerWitold NazarewiczDavid P. NortonJohn A. ParmentolaJohn Brian PendryMichael E. PeskinPierre Petroff

Anant K. RamdasJohn SarraoJoseph W. SereneYuen-Ron ShenFrancis SlakeyDarryl L. SmithWilliam C. TurnerMichael C.F. WiescherCarl J. WilliamsPhilip J. WyattSteven J. Zinkle

PsychologyNiels BirbaumerThomas H. CarrGary S. DellSusan Tufts FiskeDorothy M. FragaszySusan C. LevineBrent S. MallinckrodtMichael NumanMary A. PetersonSeth PollakRobert R. ProvineSuparna RajaramMichael Rugg

Social, Economic, and Political Sciences Lee ClarkeJ. Michael Craig JenkinsGary E. MachlisLinda G. MartinCecilia RidgewayRobert Y. Shapiro

Societal Impacts of Science and Engineering Peter W. BacklundStephen HilgartnerSharon Hemond HrynkowIrwin M. JacobsKei KoizumiNorman NeureiterJulie Packard

Statistics Charmaine B. DeanDavid DraperShili LinNeil RischM. Elizabeth Halloran

30 31

Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron MembersThe Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment

to AAAS has sustained our activities to advance science in the service of society and supported new

activities in 2009.

Philip H. and Neva Abelson*

Esther Hoffman Beller*

William T. Golden*

Caryl & Edna Haskins*

Fred Kavli

Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.*

Alan I. & Agnes Leshner

Edith D. Neimark

The Roger & Ellen Revelle

Family

Edgar J. Saltsman*

David E. Shaw &

Beth Kobliner Shaw

Martin L. & Rose Wachtel*

President’s CircleIndividuals who made significant pledges and contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2009 are highlighted here as members of the President’s Circle, a new initiative to recognize our top donors each year.

$50,000 and aboveRobert & Margaret HazenFred KavliAlan I. & Agnes LeshnerDavid E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw

$25,000 - $49,999Bruce M. & Betty AlbertsEdith D. Neimark

$10,000 - $24,999Claire Perry

$5,000 - $9,999Phillip L. BlairChet BrittenAlice Huang & David BaltimoreWilliam & Carol Lyn Savage in honor of John MereanWarren B. WeisbergAdam J. Weissman

$2,500 - $4,999Paul & Evelyn BaranFloyd E. BloomNathaniel ChafeeFederico FagginGeorge W. KunkelNorman P. NeureiterSimon RamoCharles M. Rice IIIStephen Roper & Nirupa ChaudhariMarjorie K. & Roderick S. Webster

$1,000 - $2,499Peter AgreGary K. BeauchampBernard BeckerNicholas A. BegovichMonica M. & E. James BradfordEdward C. BradyAndrew L. BrillJean B. BurnettLucio ChiaraviglioMaarten J. ChrispeelsKathleen ChurchEloise E. ClarkMary E. ClutterBarry S. & Bobbi CollerJonathan CoopersmithJames F. CrowRoy Curtiss IIIWilliam H. DanforthJean E. de ValpineTerence DulinHenry L. EhrlichGregory S. & Marcella FerrissRobert C. ForneyJohn C. FuhrJoseph G. Gavin, Jr.Joseph L. GiegelSarah B. GlickenhausMary L. GoodJeffrey C. GoreBenjamin C. HammettAlexander HarcourtHans Hasche-KluenderArthur F. HebardWilliam F. HolmesIrwin JacobsSamson A. JenekheIrving S. & Alwyn N. JohnsonGhahreman KhodadadJoseph E. Kist

Paul H. KlingbielWilliam A. Lester, Jr.Carol B. LynchJ. Howard Marshall IIIRichard J. MasseyWalter & Shirley MasseyRichard A. MeserveRonald D. MillerErnest J. MonizGordon E. & Betty I. MooreWilliam A. Murphy, Jr.Cherry A. MurrayKevin E. NoonanPeter O’Donnell, Jr.Stephen M. OlinGilbert S. Omenn & Martha A. DarlingJeffrey W. PferdJohn S. ReedBeth A. RosnerMelanie RoyceChris RuferGretchen & Steven SeilerAndrew M. SesslerPeter J. StangAlbert T. Steegmann, Jr.Julius Jay Stern*Peter F. StevensMark F. StinskiRobert L. StoutWesley A. TraubPablo ValenzuelaBailus Walker, Jr.Thomas E. Wellems

$500 - $999Gillian M. AirJ. Frances AllenEllsworth C. Alvord*David R. Anderson

Anonymous (3)Karen ArtztCharles W. AxtenMary C. BarberSteven J. BattelGordon T. BeahamEdward C. BesseyMargaret B. BinetteHerman BirchErich BlochAdele BoskeyEdward M. BoughtonH. Kent BowenJohn BrademasJeffrey BrowneStephen BrumbachNancy L. BucherJames H. ButlerEdwin C. CadmanArt CampfieldRobert P. CarenCarlton M. CavesTom D. Y. ChinRobert W. ChristophersonJon C. ClardyChristine M. ColdironRita R. & Jack H. ColwellJames D. CoxLiana CrabtreeEdmund A. CrouchJohn J. DeystCharles Dickinson IIIDennis DiestlerN. L. DoligalskiRichard D. DrakePhilip M. DuBoisBernice & Loyal DurandElizabeth E. EhrenfeldHerbert L. EnnisFlorence D. Fasanelli

Lifetime Giving SocietyThe Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous donors—individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS.

*Deceased

30 31

Alison & Craig FieldsGerald D. & Ruth L. FischbachCharles J. FloraElson FloydRichard M. ForesterEdward R. FrenchSarah Elizabeth FreyCarol M. FullerDavid GarvinHoward GobsteinRobert D. GoldmanH. GreelyM. R. C. GreenwoodGlenn I. & Patricia J. HattonFernand HayotSiegfried S. HeckerRussell HemleyJohn E. HiattPaul J. HoffmanJacquelyn HokeDavid W. IgnatJohn E. IrsakJohn H. JacobsenNeil H. Jacoby, Jr.Karen JaffeKaren S. JakesMary JarosSheila S. JasanoffGary Jason

James L. JohnsonMichael M. KabackGeorge N. KammElaine KantBertram G. KatzungNancy G. KlingDaniel KlionskyMark A. KnepperNancy Knowlton & Jeremy JacksonEdward F. LabudaDavid R. LayCatherine & George LedecLeon M. LedermanS. David LeonardLowell N. LewisBaiLian LiThomas R. LigonArnys C. Lilly, Jr.Jerry LinebackGang-Yu LiuSuzanne M. MahoneyJohn C. MakemsonShirley & Horace MalcomJ. David MaloneT. E. ManningDavid MarloweDouglas S. MasseyJames J. & M. Suzanne McCarthyGregory P. Meisner

John T. MelsonOrlando J. MillerWilliam MobleyPaul & Karen MontgomeryRichard M. MorrowEdward MosesLawrence S. Myers, Jr.Peter B. MyersMasuo NakajimaGeorge N. OetzelCarolyn L. OrthnerRobert E. PalmerVivian PanMichael PittsAmy & John PorterRoger K. RainsM. Lee RiceCynthia RobinsonJuan G. RoedererRobert RosenthalThomas A. RosseJurg SaladinSean SandersRainer K. SchaafNaomi SchedlMurray SenkusJohn ShigeokaJoseph R. SimpsonMaxine & Daniel Singer

David B. SlemmonsGeorge SonnichsenEdward S. SpoerlJuli Staiano & Marc WashingtonPamela StewartDavid L. StocumF. William StudierDonald A. SwansonJean E. TaylorAlbert H. Teich & Jill H. PaceAlvin V. TollestrupWilliam TompkinsPhilip TrackmanJohn UrquhartRichard E. VoeltzDonald J. WatersIrwin WelberMilton W. WellerRalph WhartonMark E. WhiteRobert M. WhiteClayton A. WileyJohn P. WilliamsJohn S. & Judith H. WillisBruce W. WorsterCharles YanofskyRoger YoungSusan K. ZamzowCharles M. & Merryl S. Zegar

We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions of $100 or more:$250 - $499Heman P. AdamsPhilip D. AinesAnonymous (4)Kenneth B. ArmitageWilliam C. AshbyPaul A. BartlettJean BeardHenry F. & Christine Sasso BeechholdJerry A. BellBruce M. BergerAllison BigbeeC. John BlankleyPhilip K. BondyMichael BrochmannKathleen O. BrownRobert W. BundtzenDonald L. BurkholderJohn E. BurrisGeorge F. Cahill, Jr.Victor T. ChangMarvin ChartonWalter J. ChazinEdward L. ChuppEdward H. Coe, Jr.Charles C. CongdonErnest D. CourantJames K. CowardTroy E. DanielsIgor Dawid

H. J. DeegTheodore DonaldsonRobert W. DotyRodger E. Doxsey*Joan EgrieRoger EichhornOrlando T. EspadasGillian M. FentonJohn F. FinertyThomas H. FinlayHans FrauenfelderPaul J. FriedmanS. Raymond GambinoMichael A. GibsonIrma GigliRobert J. GlaserRobert G. GoeletEdward & Judith GoetzlKim L. GrahamHolliday C. HeineMarye Priscilla HeleSusan J. HenningThomas L. HensonSusan W. HerringRichard D. HollandJ. Stuart HunterLeon HymanMarianna JacksonThomas W. JeffriesMiles V. KleinScott A. KleinerRajiv Kohli

Edward A. KravitzRodney M. KrichKenneth A. KrohnPatty H. LaswickJoe R. LeeCecil E. LeithHoward LeventhalCharles A. Lewis, Jr.Philip LichtenbergLars LjungdahlJ. Ross & Margaret MacDonaldClifford K. MadsenArtur MagerCharles H. MarkhamThomas J. MarloweKathleen S. MatthewsRandall MatthewsJames E. MelvinThomas R. MertensO. Eugene MillhouseHarold A. MooneyHoward L. MorganCorey A. MorrisCarlos E. MunozWilliam M. MurrayDavid L. NanneyJames W. NeelWilliam G. NelsonArthur B. PardeeKurt PetersenDonald G. Peterson

Donald G. ReaJames C. Register IIIWilliam L. RicheyFrederick H. RindgeEugene RobertsJohn M. RoweCarol A. RyderPhilip & Myriam P. SarachikKevin SatowP. Jackson SchadKlaus Schmidt-RohrGeorge F. SchnackBenjamin Schwartz & Susan Cullen-SchwartzEmma SheltonNobumichi ShimizuCharles A. SimenstadJoseph V. SimoneDavid J. SimonsRoy W. SimonsonLinda C. SmithW. R. Smith-VanizD. C. SpriestersbachMary C. St. JohnJames StolzenbachEdward C. StoneSusan Y. TamuraDavid H. TempletonJ. William ThomasDavid H. ThompsonP. Tillier

Franklin H. Top, Jr.John W. Townsend, Jr.Ari van TienhovenFrances Ann WalkerJui H. WangIrvin L. WhitePaul A. WitherspoonWei YoungFelix E. Zajac

$100- $249James AagaardJohn P. AbbeyErnest C. AdamsJ. A. Adams, Jr.Irving AdlerJill P. Adler-MooreMihran S. AgbabianGordon AitkenIngrid AkerblomNancy W. AlcockL. Thomas AldrichJoseph AllanCharles E. AlpersNorman J. AlvaresEdward AndersGordon W. AndersonJohn W. AndersonLinda M. AndersonLloyd L. AndersonVan Allen Anderson

*Deceased

32 33

Wyatt W. AndersonDavid L. AndrewsVincent T. AndrioleAnonymous (18)Mohammed AnwerMyron ArlenEdward M. ArnettRobert G. ArnoldWilliam AronJohn L. AshbyBalasubramania H. AthreyaAlfred E. AttardKatherine Tidman AultThomas A. BadgwellR. Clifton BaileyStanley BailisKevin H. BainesEdward D. BallN. Addison BallAnjuli S. BamzaiKatherine S. BaoJoseph C. BarbacciaWilliam A. BardeenJames M. BarnesBobby L. BarnettFranklin H. BarnwellMarianne BarrierTamas BartfaiThomas R. & Johanna K. BaruchTracy T. BatchelorKaren F. BatesDiana J. BauerMoungi BawendiDonald BayerLawrence S. BazelPeter BeakEdward W. BealsKaren BeckAllan R. BeaudoinSteven C. BeeringMyron A. BeiglerGeorge A. BekeyHarvey E. BelkinHelene BelzAbdelkrim BenabbasDan W. BenchLeslie Z. BenetDonald R. BennettLeo L. BeranekGerald S. BerensonPaul BergErnest L. BergmanHans BergstromLeo D. Berner, Jr.Susan A. BerryKevin P. BertrandAnatole BesarabCharles E. BidwellJohn G. BieriEdward A. Birge*Alan R. BishopCharles W. Bishop

Mina J. BissellBertrand P. BissonAlfred K. BlackadarMeredith BlackwellMiles P. BlencoweRobert J. BlendonFrederick A. BlissRobert B. BlizardGwen BlossomDonald BlumenthalMary L. BoasJohn M. BoggsPierre BoisStuart BondurantFrancis T. BonnerFrederick J. BonteJohn G. BordieFredricka M. BorlandNewman BortnickRandy J. BosStephen G. BoyceMilton J. BoydMarilyn C. BrackenJames N. BradburyBrian B. BradyRoscoe R. Braham, Jr.Stuart BratholdtRobert M. BrennerEsther BreslowLeland W. BriggleJosephine P. BriggsJohn J. BrinkMichael BriselliMartha H. BrookesHarold H. BrownJames A. BrownRobert D. BrownJohn C. BrowneJohn S. BruscaRobert W. BryantEvan BuckWilliam A. BuehringDennis E. BuetowEsther A. BullittWilliam A. BurgessHarold E. BurkhartRonald G. BurnsWilliam D. Burton, Jr.John B. BushDonald G. ButhBradford ButmanStephen E. BuxserRalph CalderMichael J. CalderwoodRonald E. CapeJames M. CarhartWilliam C. CarlsonJames F. CaseShaun T. CasePatrick CassenEmery N. CastleBoris CatzJoseph Cerny

David D. ChamberlinLloyd F. ChaseRobert T. ChattertonArthur ChernoffPeter ChessonMichael ChurchGeorge A. Clark, Jr.James H. ClelandJohn A. ClementsBurt G. ClothierJohn M. CloughRobert M. CluffJames CoakleyStella M. CoakleyJules CohenJoseph M. ColacinoJoanna ColeStirling A. ColgateDale K. ColyerRichard A. ConeRobert E. ConnickArthur R. CookeAbraham CooperJeffrey A. CooperJ. D. CorriganBarbara CostasHans W. CourantJack D. CowanRobert C. CowenRichard H. CoxGwyneth CravensJohn M. CrawfordDenton W. CrockerSherill K. CurtisGregory CybulG. Conrad DalmanBruce H. DanaLeila F. DaneJay G. DashJasper R. DaubeHerbert A. DavidDavid R. DaviesCharles H. DavisWilliam C. DavisIgnacio T. De La CruzJeffrey S. DeanJohn T. DeaneCatherine D. DeAngelisJohn H. DearbornGeorge E. DeBoerWilliam P. DeissRobert J. DelapSteve DemuthBarbara DenglerRobin L. DennisPaul M. DensenAlan DesilvaRobert J. DesnickJohn L. DeutschGordon P. DeWolfWilliam E. DibbleRussell DickersonPaul W. Dickson, Jr.

Paula DiehrBruce L. DietrichCharles E. DinsmoreJoseph R. DiPalmaTimothy DixonWinifred W. DoaneChester L. DodsonJulie DonaldsonPaul DotyDavid L. DouglasM. W. DowneyAbraham I. DranetzRobert C. DunnellThomas H. & Sylvia A. M. DunningEdgar W. DuskinRichard W. DuttonIra DyerHelen J. DysonElizabeth D. EarleMerlyn EarnestDouglas P. EastonManfred EberhardtFrances B. EdensC. J. S. EdgellDavid W. EhrenfeldGunther L. EichhornCarol S. EisenbergDavid E. ElderVincent A. ElderDenis A. ElliottBrooks B. EllwoodPeter ElsbachHarry E. EmletGilbert L. EnglishJ. B. ErdmannW. Gary ErnstOrville W. ErringerDavid W. EvansJoann L. EvansPhyllis H. FaberSandra M. FaberRobert FaircloughAlan J. FallerRichard FallinEmmanuel FarberDavid W. FarisCurtis FarrarGeorge L. FarreWilliam E. FarrellCharles S. Faulkner IIBenedict FeinbergYoseph FeitRobert H. Fennell, Jr.Allison F. FentimanShelagh Ferguson-MillerJames P. FerrisRobert W. FieldJohn FieserHarold B. FingerMilton FingerSusan T. FiskeFrank W. Fitch

Lewis T. FitchJ. D. Fleming, Jr.J. T. FlynnJohn F. FoleyG. Edgar Folk, Jr.Margaret L. FondaStephen L. FooteWarren T. FordThomas R. FowlerWilliam F. FraccaroJoseph FrankelKathy E. FreasAlan J. FriedmanRichard FriedmanHerbert C. FriedmannJoshua FriemanWilliam FulkersonMary K. GaillardJoseph H. GainerMarc T. GaleazzaJoseph G. GallCharles W. Gardner, Jr.William G. GardnerMarco M. GarzaAlice GastDavid M. GatesRichard E. GelinasNelson F. GetchellJames A. GibbsDavid T. GibsonMark L. GilberstadtThomas E. GillNeal C. GillespieWalter L. GillespieP. Roger GilletteCharles C. GillispieJeffrey L. GlassrothWilliam S. GleasonDavid GolanErwin GoldbergMarvin L. GoldbergerEdwin GoldwasserJerry P. GollubEdward D. GompertsPlesent GoodeWilliam H. Goodson IIIJohn T. GoslingAlbert E. & Mary E. W. GossHoward Graves & Julie BallerJanet M. GrayJames W. GreenWilliam L. GreenJohn & Deborah GreenspanIrene GreifDonald F. GretherDale M. GrimesLee GrodzinsHerbert J. GrossmanMelvin M. GrumbachHermann A. GrunderJean M. GudasWilliam J. Guilford

*Deceased

32 33

Harold GumbelC. David GutscheGerhard J. HaasJerrier A. HaddadNicholas HadleyAlbert L. HaleCarl W. HallZach W. HallEugene E. HallerJerome & Barbara HalperinVivienne J. HalpernCharles H. HalstedDaniel A. HamlinArthur M. HamparianEdward S. HanrahanGeorge F. HansonLeo T. HappelPaul HardersenDavid HargisWesley H. HarkerFranklin M. HaroldDonald HarringtonRichard L. HarrisonDavid M. HartRobert H. HasekMichael G. HauserRoy M. HavenhillJoseph B. HawkinsFrancis T. HaxoDonald I. HayJack W. Heberling, Jr.John S. HegeLeon HellerSamuel HellmanPhilip B. HemmigDonald HenleyDonald E. HensonEdward C. HermannDavis HersheyEvelyn V. HessPaul I. HicockJane H. HillScott T. HillWilliam E. HimwichM. Kiplinger Hine, Jr.Mildred & Albert HirschmanDavid C. HoaglinDonald E. HoardDavid L. HoatsEric P. HobergMary Y. P. HockadayDominique HoelzingerKenway HoeyJames C. Hogan, Jr.Harry D. HolmgrenRobert HolmgrenMichael H. HornGabriel N. HortobagyiEstil V. HoverstenW. Andrew HubbardF. Kay HuebnerFrank P. Hungate

Thomas K. HuntCharles E. HuntingtonRichard L. HutchensFrancesco IachelloMarylou IngramJenefir D. IsbisterNina G. JablonskiHarold E. Jackson, Jr.James F. JacksonJohn JaggerDouglas A. JamesQuinton C. JamesBernard W. JanickiStephen N. JaspersonGeorge A. JenningsXi Yu JiaGeorge JohnErik D. JohnsonHollis R. JohnsonDaniel D. JonesIrene M. JonesLawrence W. JonesPatricia M. JonesElke JordanPatrick JosephOdean P. JuddBruce KabakoffNorval M. KaneMel L. KantorSolomon A. KaplanIra B. KappGeorge Karlin-NeumannYael KatsCarl KaysenEdward KeenanStephen L. KeilHans KeithleyJane Barrett KellyMarvin D. KempleJames M. KendallCharles F. KennelRoger & Doris KetchamMark T. KingsleyToichiro KinoshitaDavid L. KirkMichael S. KlassenJohn KluznikJane Q. KoenigKenneth M. Koester, Jr.Stephen C. KolakowskyFrank KollaritsGregory KoneskyJohn M. KopperEdward J. KormondySteven KornguthLisa KorteTheodore R. KozlowskiJohn G. KralTheodore G. KrontirisRalph T. KuboCasimir A. KulikowskiP. Dileep KumarAdam Kuspa

Anton E. LaBonteSusan LandauM. D. LaneNeal F. LaneRobert E. Lanou, Jr.Michel L. LapidusGeorge H. LauffPauline O. LawrenceJohn W. LaymanE. LazearJ. Benjamin LeakeGerald & Phyllis LeBoffSeymour LederbergLela Lee & Norman WiknerIlse LehisteMark LehnerAnthony W. LeonardJon LeonardConway B. LeovyElliott LesserDuane J. LeTourneauRobert L. LetsingerSamuel LevineC. Sandford Levings IIIRichard A. LevinsonRichard M. LeVittArthur LibermanJohng K. LimOlga F. LinaresDavid R. LincicomeRichard F. LindauerHarry W. LindeJohn P. LindermanChristopher J. LingleMarcia C. LinnWilliam D. LipeJohn H. LitchfieldMarvin LitvakGordon M. LoddeMarilyn R. LoebRobert B. LoftfieldAnne M. LombardoIris L. LongNorman W. LordPatricia C. LorentzenEarl R. LoryJames D. LouckThomas A. LouisWarner E. LoveJohn R. LovettPaul LovoiBarbara LozarR. Duncan LuceDaniel R. LuceyFrederick LurtingChristopher LuseRichard H. LyonJ. R. MacDonaldDouglas E. MacLaughlinHelen D. MaclayAnne MaddalenaMerritt MadukeMarcos F. Maestre

R. MaierGladys R. MaleyH. George MandelRobert B. MandellRobert ManleyTag E. MansourPrasanth ManthenaMaria Julia MarinissenMark MarkhamJulian B. MarshMichael MarxJames F. MaskenWilliam A. MasseyJames F. MathisKaren Y. MatsuokaSusan A. MatthiesG. L. MaynardJ. Patrick MayoChris L. McAuliffeSimon J. McCarthyDaniel J. McCartyShirley A. McCormackJohn E. McDonaldRosemarie McElhaneyWilbert J. McKeachieChristopher F. McKeeRoger McMackenMarcia K. McNuttWilliam MeezanGilbert W. MeierMark F. MeierC. Nelson MelampyGustavo MercierEthan A. MerrittJ. MertzThomas N. Metcalf IIIJohn S. MeyerRichard H. MilburnI. George MillerJudith B. MillerSusanne E. & Alan S. MillerWilliam F. MillerWilliam M. MillerDon H. MillsBeatrice MintzMortimer MishkinDonald A. MitchellDon S. MiyadaIchiro MiyagawaRobert L. MolinariJanos MolnarLloyd J. MoneyJean MontaguMiriam P. MoodyChristopher N. K. MooersAngelyn & Kevin MooreConrad T. MooreJohn F. MooreThomas G. MooreMichael J. MorattoHarold J. MorowitzRosalind MorrisSidney M. Morris, Jr.

M. Patricia MorseRobert A. MorseBonnie R. MortonStewart Lee MosesPatricia H. MoyerEdward C. MozleyJ. Fraser MuirheadCatherine MuneraHenry M. MungerRobert L. MunroeBurnaby MunsonEric P. MuntzV. Rama MurthyLee MyersStephen E. MyersGerald NadlerA. N. NakamuraVenkatesh NarayanamurtiRoger Neill & Sylvia KiharaPaul NeimanJohn P. NelsonKenrad E. NelsonLyle E. NelsonMary Lockett Nelson*Richard S. NelsonWalter L. NelsonJohn R. NesselroadeJohn A. NewbauerGordon W. NewellRichard A. NewmarkThomas W. NewtonMartinus H. NickersonConcepcion NierrasElena O. NightingaleK. NishimuraRod A. NisiChrister E. NordmanWilliam T. NortonJoseph M. NottermanMarie U. NylenJudith K. NyquistJeffrey F. OdaRobert A. O’DellDonald O’DowdBruce O’GaraRichard K. OlssonGary OltmansSusan C. OpavaElizabeth A. OrrHenry H. OsbornJudith A. OsbornLouis Shreve OsborneMichael B. O’SullivanNitin PadtureAllison R. PalmerJohn D. PalmerRaymond L. PalmerJohn M. PalmsRudolph PariserJoseph C. Parker, Jr.Thomas S. ParsonsDuncan T. PattenJames F. Patterson

*Deceased

34 35

Ara G. PaulMary Burr Paxton*Ronald PedalinoTimothy A. PedleyCharles R. PeeblesHeather P. Peirce-SternMary F. PeltonJohn Peoples, Jr.Lloyd J. PerperJoseph G. PerpichPhilip R. PerryPhilip PersonDonald PetersonBetty L. PetrieRalph H. PetrucciJulia M. PhillipsJohn T. PigottKen D. PischelJames F. PletcherJohn Ware Poston, Sr.Paul E. PotterRobert M. PotterRex F. PrattDavid F. PrestonKenneth R. PrestwichHerbert P. PriceEdward PrinceCharles H. PruettJules B. PuschettPeter PusterReed E. PyeritzEdward J. QuilliganWayne E. QuintonMargaret S. RaceStephen C. RagatzYueh-Erh RahmanClare RamstedtDavid H. RandleEdward R. RangHelen M. RanneyM. M. RaoDimite J. RasmussenGeorge B. RathmannRobert D. ReasenbergAbram RechtEdward F. RedishJames R. RedmondRobert P. RedwineNick ReedErnest B. ReeveMinocher C. ReporterAristides A. G. RequichaRobert A. ResnikEdward K. RiceMary E. RiceBurton RichterRobert E. RicklefsHenry M. RinesLillian C. Robbins*John D. RobertsJulian L. Roberts, Jr.Theodore G. RobertsMaxine L. RockoffTheodore Rockwell

John L. RolloCharles H. RolstonGregory J. RonanHugh RoseJoan D. RoseJohn W. RoseKenneth L. RoseBernard RossHoward A. RoyleLaurens N. RubenHerman RubinRafael A. Ruiz-GonzalezMarc & Ria RuppL. M. RussakoffLloyd RutledgeGeorge H. SackJohn L. SafkoReisuke SaitoJames S. SandbergAllan R. SanfordRose-Mary SargentMarcus C. SarofimEric SaundMary SavinaMichael J. SchafferThomas C. SchellingN. David ScheyPaul L. SchmidbauerRuth A. M. SchmidtRoland W. SchmittAnn I. SchneiderJerry A. SchneiderAlan SchneyerEan SchuesslerSilvan S. SchweberDonald C. SeeleyJames E. SeelyNadrian C. SeemanDonald W. SeldinRichard B. SetlowJohn W. SeveringhausEric M. ShankDavid G. ShappirioSunil ShawCarleton B. ShayEvonne Shehata-GhalyPaul F. ShepardJohn SherwellJeffrey J. ShollJ. P. ShoupDuward F. ShriverMoras L. ShubertCharles H. ShultzMarshall ShumskyJames SidlesJack M. SiegelStephen Vekkerdy SikesWillys K. SilversDonald M. SimonsHenry B. SinclairJack W. Sites, Jr.Jonathan B. SkinnerEugene B. SkolnikoffJill Slansky

Audrey Y. SmedleyAlan J. SmithC. Russell SmithCharles G. SmithEdward J. SmithJames C. SmithJames L. SmithOrville A. SmithRebecca H. SmithRichard A. SmithHarry E. SnyderWilliam SoleySteven L. SolomonRonald E. SomerbyCharles M. SommerfieldFrank B. SoultsPatricia G. SpearJoel S. SpiraDavid G. StahlJoshua D. StallerCharles E. StearnsJudith S. SternReinhard StettlerRobertson StevensNancy R. StevensonMark E. M. StewartMelbourne StewartJames H. StithEdward C. StoeverR. StorbJohn StringerJoan C. SuitP. R. SundaresanRichard M. SwansonGerald H. TakeiSusan H. TamWilliam H. TelferConstantine H. TempelisNorman TepleyRaymond L. TeplitzRobert B. TeshKenneth R. TeterJohn W. ThomanWilliam A. ThomasHerbert W. ThompsonDozier W. ThorntonRobert W. ThresherWilliam L. TietjenJ. E. TillmannShelley TischkauJames W. TitusSam Z. TomaJohn G. ToplissBarbara B. TorreyCharles H. TownesThomas K. ToyamaFrancesco B. TramaTimothy N. TrickHarry M. TrickeyGeorge L. TriggLeon TrillingA. Forrest TroyerForrest A. TrumboreGoro Uehara

George VacekVe ValliKalliat T. ValsarajEsther van der KnaapAndrew J. Van HornMoshe VardiAlbert F. WagnerHarold WalbaW. James WaldmanCharles P. WalesLeonard F. WalkerHenry & Doris WalterRobert T. WardSteven F. WarrenWarren M. WashingtonMarvin WassermanSteven F. WatanabeGeorge E. Watson IIIGordon L. WattsDallas E. WeaverAlfons WeberStanley C. WeckerRobert J. WeimerBerthold W. WeinsteinElizabeth K. WeisburgerJeffrey WeissJohn H. WeitzRaymond WeitzmanLuiz WekslerWilliam W. WellsLeonard WertzlerRobert WesleyMaynard B. WheelerAlbert D. WheelonElizabeth D. WhitakerGerald WhitcombC. B. WhiteJohn A. WhiteStanley A. WhiteGary WhitneyDonald W. WilkieAnna M. WilliamsClinton C. WilliamsEllen WilliamsGeorge C. WilliamsT. Walley Williams IIIDavid L. WilsonRaymond A. WilsonDavid C. WimerMaurice W. WindsorKeith D. WingHelen R. WinterJeanette WinterJoseph G. WirthMary WirtzCarl P. WisoffLeon WittwerRobert W. WoodhouseH. Boyd WoodruffGary L. WoodsGeorge E. WoodyPaul W. Worden, Jr.Michael J. WorthRobert E. Yager

Armon F. YandersHarry C. YeatmanKeiko YokotaCharles W. YoungJames E. YoungDana R. YoungerAnthony L. ZaneHezekiah ZeiberMarvin ZelenClive ZentCharlotte M. ZitrinLeon ZuckermanFernando J. Zúñiga y Rivero

Patron MembersAshley AbergEdward AboufadelJohn AchenbachCarly AdlerEdwin AdlermanR. Paul AftringRichard AgeeAmanda AhernJames W. AltmanParag AminLarry AmselAlbert F. AndersonDavid AndersonJames Jay AndersonMichael F. AngelRonald J. AngelCarmen ArbonaJohn A. ArmstrongJoshua ArnoldVadim AsadovJean AuelDavid M. AyresSamuel F. BaldwinPaul BaranJerry R. BarberMary C. BarberPeter BarryRichard BarryJohn BaxtRichard BaylesJohn BearleyGary K. BeauchampT. BeckHenry F. BeechholdRyan BellRobin BenattiKathleen S. BergerMichael BernsR. Stephen BerryRobert Cregar BerwickThomas H. BethardsChris BiemesderferLaura BienJ. Michael BishopRoger N. BlaisLee BlakeJerome L. BleiweisErich Bloch

*Deceased

34 35

Carla BlumbergEdward BlumenthalTerrence D. BogardFred BombergerElizabeth BoonJohn BrademasVictor BradfordEdward C. BradyMichael F. BrewerJoe L. BridgerCharles BridgesChet BrittenDavid BrooksJoan E. BrooksSeth A. BrooksEric J. BrownHalina S. BrownMichael BrownStephen BrownGregory J. BrunnDavid R. BucklerRobert BucoEric BurgerElizabeth BuseMark CampbellDaniel B. CaplanMarilyn CaporizzoPaul A. CarlsonMarc CarrascoJames F. CaseG. H. CassellJames J. CavanaughCarlton CavesDaniel CayanPhilip CernigliaNathaniel ChafeeGreg ChampineEdgar M. ChaseStephen ChazenRobert W. ChristophersonChung K. ChuAustin ChurchSteven CiminoJames CirritoAaron ClarkCharles ClarkCraig ClarkEloise E. ClarkJames H. ClelandBarbara ClemmensenMartin CohenChristine M. ColdironJames ColeBarry S. CollerJack H. ColwellLavelda ConradPaul R. CooleyRobert H. CordellaDavid CoulsonAlan CrawfordJohn Richard CrooksEdmund CrouchChar B. CrowKenneth Crumley

Adolfo CuadraJames H. CurryJoseph CzikaPeter V. CzipottChad CzysconDan DairaghiDean DakoliasRobyn DalyIrving I. DardikGregory DarrochH. Clay DaultonRuth M. DavisPaul K. Day-LucoreKenneth De GhettoPaul S. DecarliCraig DeesEmily DelmontJ. E. DevalpineDaniel DevineMichael DevlinRobert F. DickhoffCharles DickinsonHoward DidsburyRichard D. DietzJoe DietzgenD. J. DisraeliWalter E. DitmarsNorbert DittrichC. Gregory DohertyAshley DombkowskiGregory C. DonadioWayland DongGrace M. DonnellyDavid C. DonohoAlbert T. DosserRobert DouglassRodger DoxseyJeff DozierJaquelin P. DudleyPete EckelJohn S. EdgcombDearborn EdwardsMark EdwardsVernon J. EhlersEstia J. EichtenJohn EidJames B. EllisCarl EngelbergerJoseph S. EngenitoEldon D. EngerEric EngstromShawn EricksonCharles W. EriksenJ. ErwinOrlando EspadasH. Douglas FachnieFederico FagginAlexander FalkDaniel FarberSteve FarberWilliam R. FarmerFlorence FasanelliTheodore F. FathauerRobert Fay

Bobby R. FeilAntonio M. FerrieraIsaiah J. FidlerAlison Fennessy FieldsDavid FischerEdward FishmanPeter S. FiskeFrank FitchS. P. FodorScott ForbesRobert C. ForneyHans FrauenfelderJohn FriedeJohn A. FriedlineRichard FriedmanWilliam FriendBethany FroehlichGilda Diaz FuentesJohn C. FuhrEric FungJohn C. FyfeTaylor GabbardJoseph R. GabrielliR. F. GaekeCurtis GallowayWalter GambleBen GarretsonR. H. GarstangJoseph G. GavinJ. GermrothElodie GhedinDorothy W. GietzenWilliam GilbertEric GlassSarah B. GlickenhausJohn GluckHoward GobsteinAlfred L. GoldbergMichael GoldbergMarvin L. GoldbergerRalph GoldenMary L. GoodEdward GoodwinRandal S. GoomerWilliam E. GordonDavid GorelickJames GowerWilliam C. GrausteinNicholas GravesJohn GraySheila Hafter GrayRichard F. GreenLaura H. GreeneIrene GreifCarl GriffithMikus Janis GrinbergJoyce GrossmanHelen K. GrovesWilhelm GruissemMax GrunsteinSamuel GubinsE. GuignonLouis GurvichIan Hagerman

Robert J. HaggertyNancy L. HaigwoodFred HansenAlexander HarcourtJohn G. HarkinsRichard HarmsJames D. HarrisScott M. HarveyJ. Scott HaugerCharles E. HawkinsMichael HaywardRobert HealingMark HeisingGeorge HelmerC. T. HelmersRichard HendricksRudy HenningerThomas HensonMichael HerrickLinda A. HersheyHoward HertzJohn R. HessRobert HessR. M. HirschYiu Kee HoElvin L. HoelBrian HoflandJohn L. HofstraWilliam HoganDaniel HornbakerMartin Per HorvathCharles L. HoslerJames HouseJohn P. HuchraJ. Stuart HunterMichael HunterCharles HunzeArthur HydeDavid W. IgnatJohn E. IrsakMasayoshi ItohCharles IvesJohn JacksonRobert L. JacksonThomas Campbell JacksonKaren JaffeRussell M. JaffeKaren S. JakesWilliam H. JanewayJan JanninkGary JasonMehrdad JazayeriSteven B. JobstDebra JohnsonJulius JohnsonMatthew JohnsonRichard A. JohnsonKenneth M. JonesRichard JonesEdward JungLaura JuszczakCarl KaysenMichael KelleyEamon Kelly

Donald KennedyJack KernsPeter S. KesslerAlison KibbeyKathryn KilgussJoseph A. KingLewis KinterMary KirchhoffRandal KirkRobert KirshnerDavid KlafterMiles V. KleinHans Hasche-KluenderCleon KnappStephen KnightThomas F. KoetzleLeland S. KollmorgenSteven Elliot KooninEd KoretzkyFae KorsmoMaria KovacsKatherine KraftEdward KrapelsEdward A. KravitzChuck KrenzinRobert KrivelinRobert E. KruegerE. F. LabudaGordon LambJoseph Gordon LambertAndrew Lane BrillGerald LaubachChristophe LaudamielJeff LawrenceGerald LeboffJacob LebowitzJoe R. LeeMatthew LentzCharles LenzmeierAlan I. LeshnerRichard A. LethinAlan E. LevitonAndrea LevittJerrold LevyLarry LewisMichael LewisDavid A. LibermanPaul B. LimJohn P. LindermanThomas LindgrenDavid LockmanNorman LocksleyRichard M. LocksleyMark J. LogsdonDan L. LongoMartha C. LordJan LukensRichard LumJohn LuongoJulie Haynes LutzHerman O. LyleCarol Becker LynchDavid MackMark P. Mack

*Deceased

36 37

Gregory MagginiJohn J. MaherJohn J. MajnarichCraig C. MalbonStephen MalinJ. David MaloneTom MammoneEdward Frederick MannKuntal MannaT. E. ManningScott L. ManskeMark MarkhamRobert C. MarlayDavid MarloweT. J. MarloweJohn MasonPoppi MasseyRichard MasseyMichael Alan MastersEdward S. MatalkaKathleen S. MatthewsDonald R. MattisonJohn MaunsellF. MaurrasseMichael M. MayNina MayrR. F. McAllisterJuliana McAshanGarrett McAuliffeThomas A. McCabePatricia McCaffreyJames J. McCarthyRoger McClellanPatrick McCoyWilliam McIvorFrancis P. McManamonChristine McMaster-SanderJames J. McSharryGregory P. MeisnerSteven Melander-DaytonRonald MelenRichard MelmonRobert MercerRichard A. MeserveGlenn L. MetzgerPhilip MeyerYves MiauxMichael MilbergGavin MilczarekHarry J. MillerOrlando J. MillerSteven L. MillerSuzanne E. MillerWilliam F. MillerWilliam L. MillerDouglas MillsAmelia Ballew MimsCathy MinehanMamatha ModemBetsy Moeller-SallyRobert L. MolinariErnest J. MonizDavid Moore

F. Paul MooringHoward L. MorganJames MossmanCherry A. MurrayKevin MurrayS. E. MyersMartin S. NachbarJoel NanceA. NarathCharles E. NeedhamMaureen NeitzEric NelsonPriscilla NelsonTim NennoRichard S. NicholsonMichelle NicolleThor NilsenMark NocklebyJacques NorJoseph NowoslawskiEdward OatesDon R. O’BrienJohn O’ConnorPeter O’DonnellRyan O’DonnellLee OethSteven O’HaraP. O’KeefeYnez Viole O’NeillRebecca OorthuysFred OreelWilliam OsbornJacek OstrowskiRalph P. OverendAlbert OwensHerbert PaarenSudhakar PamidighantamStelios PapadopoulosRobert PappasWilliam ParkerCharles ParsonsSteve PascoverA. PatrinosCharles PattonWilliam PaxtonRonald PedalinoChin Tzu PengDavid PennimanSharon PerkinsChristine PetersenAnita PettyJeffrey W. PferdLaura A. PhilipsKerry PhillipsRandy PierceDennis R. PilarczykBarbara J. PottsGeorge M. PowellRao PrabhalaHoward PrestonGerald PriceJoseph PufahlDerek L. Pursey

Jim PutnamKedar D. PyattStephen C. RagatzHabib RahmanJames RantschlerBarry J. RatzkinJohn RawsonRobert ReddickDaniel A. ReedDavid P. ReedJack W. ReedJohn S. ReedJames C. RegisterEdward K. RiceRobert C. RichardsonManuel RiveraRobert R. RobbinEllis E. RobertsA. R. RobinsonDebra R. RolisonAlexandra RooseveltAllen RootK. D. RossowEllen RothenbergStarr RoundsJ. E. RoweBenjamin RoyThomas C. RoyerEduardo H. RubinsteinChris RuferJanet RuftyL. M. RussakoffFrancis G. RustLaurence F. SandersT. D. SangerWilliam J. SaucierJerry SaxonJohn ScanlanRainer SchaafRichard SchauerJames M. SchefflerMark SchneiderRobert F. SchneiderWilliam SchnoorRichard M. SchoenJohn SchultzStefan SchwabeRonald C. SearlsJohn D. SeegerCharles E. SethAbdulalim ShabazzRobert E. ShaferDouglas R. ShanklinRajeev SharmaDavid H. SharpKambiz ShekdarJohn ShigeokaMichael S. ShumateRobert Paul SiemannWillys SilversDavid J. SimonsBruce SimonsonColin Sims

Lane SingerJeffrey SledgeL. J. SlossSally SlowmanBernard SmithEllen SmithGeoffrey SmithLinda C. SmithScott SmithScott J. SmithSteven W. SmithJ. W. SmollerDale R. SniderJonathan SohnisJohn SoltersJudson SomervilleH. SoxMichael SpaffordStephanie S. SpanglerMary C. St. JohnDavid StaalBarbara H. StantonJonathan StarrDusan StefoskiRichard L. SteinerJulius Jay SternJohn H. StewartShepard B. StoneRobert L. StoutArnold F. StrotherS. D. StroupeRobert StuppyJerome J. SuranBernard T. SvihelG. SwansonJudy SwansonRobert SwansonJean E. TaylorSusan TaymansMichael L. TelsonLewis M. TermanGregory TetraultGlenn E. ThomasWilliam A. ThomasEric J. ThorgersonJeremy ThornerDavid C. TiemeierJames G. TimourianL. TobacmanThomas J. ToffoliAlvin V. TollestrupTat-Hung TongDavid ToorchenJill O’Donnell TormeyBrian TottyRobert W. TouchberryFrank TrainerBrenda TuckerPhilip TuckerStephen R. TurnerDaniel TutasAdrian TymesMark Uchanski

William UptonKirsten VadheimPablo ValenzuelaJames VancikAndrea VanwaardhuzienLydia Villa-KomaroffMatthew WalkerRobert WalshA. L. WaltonDaniel WangJ. G. WardDavid K. WatkinsPeter WatsonDallas E. WeaverJohn David WeinlandWarren B. WeisbergDavid WentrobleRalph WhartonGarnett WhitehurstHarvey WhittemoreJay M. WiedemannEdward WieseBruce WigginsDara WilberJames D. WillettBilly Myles WilliamsClinton WilliamsD. J. WilliamsMarlan WillisMelissa S. WillisChristopher B. WilsonDarryl WilsonIsaac J. WinogradMary WoolleyBruce W. WorsterS. Courtenay WrightMatthew YaegerJim YahnkeYung Tsai YenDavid E. YoungOliver YunJerrold H. ZarMaja ZecevicCharles ZegarJames J. ZuichesArnold Zwicky

Corporations and Foundations3M CompanyAcumen ScientificThe Adam J. Weissman FoundationAffymetrix, Inc.Alfred P. Sloan FoundationAlvin H. Baum Family FundAstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LPThe Baltimore Family FundBank of America Matching Gifts Program

*Deceased

36 37

The Barkley FundBaxter Healthcare CorporationBerkshire Taconic Community Foundation, Inc.Bernard Lewis Charitable FoundationBracken Associates, L.L.C.Bristol-Myers SquibbBrookes Family TrustBucher Family TrustBurroughs Wellcome FundCanon U.S.A., Inc.The Caravan TrustCarnegie Corporation of New YorkCelera CorporationThe Commonwealth FundCommunity Health Charities of New EnglandThe Dana FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard FoundationEco Physics, Inc.Eisel Oil Company, LLCEMJAYCO LPEppendorf AGEwing Marion Kauffman FoundationForney Family FoundationGE HealthcareThe George and Maradel Sonnichsen Charitable FundGlaxoSmithKlineThe Glickenhaus FoundationGlobal Access TelecomGolden Family FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationGreenwall FoundationGVR Khodadad Family FoundationHamill Family FoundationHamlin Capital Management, LLCHazen FoundationHeureka, the Finnish Science CentreHewlett-Packard Company FoundationHitachi, Ltd.Hoffman-LaRoche Inc.Hubbard Charitable FundIBMInfosys Technologies LimitedIntel FoundationThe Irving S. & Alwyn N. Johnson Family Foundation

Jewish Community Foundation of San DiegoThe John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur FoundationJohn D. Evans FoundationJohn Templeton FoundationJohnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLCThe Kavli FoundationLongbow, LLCL’Oréal Foundation D’EnterpriseL’Oréal USAThe Marc Haas FoundationMarkem-Imaje CorporationMcAfeeMerck & Co., Inc.Mertz Gilmore FoundationMicrosoft Matching Gifts ProgramMissouri Technology CorporationMoore Family FoundationMorgan Stanley Smith Barney Global Impact Funding Trust, Inc.Nano Building MaintenanceNassau Chemical CorporationNeutrogena CorporatonOak FoundationOccidental of Elk Hills Non UnitOpen Society InstituteP&G BeautyParatherm CorporationPathway GenomicsPershing LLCPfizer Foundation Matching Gifts ProgramPlaza Medical Center, Inc.Rathmann Family FoundationRichard Lounsbery FoundationRosse Family Charitable FoundationScience ChannelSeascan, Inc.The Seattle FoundationSentech CorporationShell Oil CompanySidney Stern Memorial TrustSoftFocal Company, Inc.

The Spira Family FoundationsStern Brothers, Inc.Subaru of America, Inc.Triangle Community Foundation, Inc.Tri-Star Petroleum CompanyVerizon FoundationVintage Production California LLCWells Fargo Community Support CampaignWillamette Ear, Nose, Throat & Facial Plastic Surgery, LLP

Other OrganizationsAmerican Academy of NeurologyAmerican Bar AssociationAmerican Chemical SocietyAmerican Dental AssociationAmerican Geological InstituteAmerican Geophysical UnionAmerican Institute of PhysicsAmerican Mathematical SocietyAmerican Meteorological SocietyAmerican Nuclear SocietyAmerican Petroleum InstituteAmerican Physical SocietyAmerican Physiological SocietyAmerican Psychological AssociationAmerican Psychological SocietyAmerican Society for Engineering Education, Inc.American Society for MicrobiologyAmerican Society of AgronomyAmerican Society of AnesthesiologistsAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersAmerican Society of Plant Biologists

American Sociological AssociationAmerican Veterinary Medical AssociationArgonne National LaboratoryAssociation of American GeographersEuropean Commission DG ResearchFederation of Animal Science SocietiesFermi National Accelerator LaboratoryFoundation for the Advancement of Brain and Behavioral SciencesThe Geological Society of AmericaHarvard UniversityHelmholtz AssociationHoward Hughes Medical InstituteInstitute for Science and JudaismInstitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers– United States of AmericaThe Institution of Engineering and TechnologyISPE San Diego ChapterKing Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyLas Vegas Financial Management CenterMaine Technology InstituteMaterials Research SocietyThe National AcademiesNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Institutes of HealthNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Science FoundationNebraska Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchOak Ridge Associated UniversitiesThe Optical Society of AmericaOrrington School PTARice UniversityThe Royal Society

Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsSociety for Research in Child DevelopmentSouth Carolina Commission on Higher EducationSouth Dakota State UniversitySPIEU.S. Agency for International DevelopmentU.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Department of DefenseU.S. Department of EducationU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Health & Human ServicesU.S. Department of Homeland SecurityU.S. Department of StateU.S. Department of the Navy (Naval Air Systems Command)U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyUnited Soybean BoardUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of DelawareUniversity of Kansas Medical Center Research Institute, Inc.University of Kentucky Research FoundationUniversity of MichiganUniversity of Nevada School of MedicineUniversity of OklahomaUniversity of Rhode IslandUniversity of VermontUniversity of WashingtonVermont Genetics Network

*Deceased

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008

($ in thousands) 2009 2008

ASSETS

Cash 7,799 8,090

Accounts receivable, net 5,399 6,361

Grants and contributions receivable 7,121 9,069

Prepaid expenses and other 3,366 3,296

Investments 86,534 88,373

Property, plant and equipment 55,340 56,211

Total assets 165,559 171,400

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS

Liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 14,541 14,103

Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue, and other 24,138 24,924

Bonds payable 24,685 33,304

Total liabilities 63,364 72,331

Net assets:

Unrestricted 83,472 79,863

Temporarily restricted 10,060 10,903

Permanently restricted 8,663 8,303

Total net assets 102,195 99,069

Total liabilities and net assets 165,559 171,400

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008

($ in thousands) 2009 2008

Revenues:

Member dues 12,464 13,151

Publishing 41,071 43,251

Grants and other program support 24,745 22,721

Leasing, investments, and other 9,550 10,569

87,830 89,692

Expenses:

Publishing 39,918 40,255

Education, policy, and other programs 32,493 32,127

General and administrative expenses 13,671 13,680

86,082 86,062

Operating income, before tax 1,748 3,630

Provision for income tax (174) 641

Nonoperating revenue and expense 1,687 (17,401)

Change in unrestricted net assets 3,609 (14,412)

Change in restricted net assets (483) 3,115

Change in net assets 3,126 (11,297)

Net assets, beginning of year 99,069 110,366

Net assets, end of year 102,195 99,069

Financial Summary

38

BOARD Of DIRECTORS 2009-2010

Chair James J. McCarthy Harvard University

President Peter Agre Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute

President-Elect Alice S. Huang California Institute of Technology

Treasurer David E. Shaw D.E. Shaw Research

AAAS Chief Executive Officer Alan I. Leshner

OTHER MEMBERS Alice Gast Lehigh University

Linda P.B. Katehi University of California, Davis

Nancy Knowlton National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Cherry Murray Harvard University

Julia M. Phillips Sandia National Laboratories

Thomas D. Pollard Yale University

David D. Sabatini New York University Langone Medical Center

Thomas A. Woolsey Washington University School of Medicine

This report was written by Michaela Jarvis, based on content originally prepared by various members of the AAAS Office of Public Programs staff during 2009. The design was developed by Sandra Audia, Publication Services.

AAAS MANAGEMENT

Chief Executive Officer and Executive Publisher Alan I. Leshner

Chief financial and Administrative Officer Phillip Blair

Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy Gerald Epstein, Director

Development Office Juli Staiano, Director

Education and Human Resources Shirley M. Malcom, Director

Executive Office Affairs Gretchen Seiler, Director

finance Colleen Struss, Director of Finance and Chief Legal Officer

Human Resources Alison French, Director

International Office Vaughan Turekian, Chief International Officer

Office of Public Programs Ginger Pinholster, Director

Office of Publishing and Member Services (OPMS) Beth Rosner, Publisher and Director of OPMS

Project 2061 Jo Ellen Roseman, Director

Science and Policy Programs Albert H. Teich, Director

Science Editorial Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief Monica Bradford, Executive Editor

Science News Colin Norman, News Editor

ASSOCIATION INfORMATION

Association Headquarters American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440

AAAS Annual Meeting Dates: 17-21 February 2011 Location: Washington, D.C. www.aaas.org/meetings Find an archive of past meetings.

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ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

AAAS www.aaas.org Find breaking AAAS news and membership information.

Science Journals www.sciencemag.org Science, Science Translational Medicine, and Science Signaling.

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AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information

39

17-21 February • Washington, DC

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findings in science, technology, and policy. The program crosses

conventional disciplinary borders. It features strong presentations from

leading experts and a rare opportunity to meet and speak with eminent

scientists who share your interests and passion for science.

For details, go to www.aaas.org/meetings and sign up for updates throughout the year.

2011 AAAS Annual Meeting