blood circulation
TRANSCRIPT
Blood VesselsBlood Vessels
The 3 main types of blood vessels are :The 3 main types of blood vessels are :# arteries# arteries# veins# veins# capillaries# capillaries
ArteryArtery VeinVein CapillariCapillarieses
StructurStructuree
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
FunctionFunction Carries blood out of the heart
Carries blood into the heart
Carries blood from the artery to the vein
Type of Type of blood blood carriedcarried
Carries oxygenated blood( except pulmonary artery )
Carries deoxygenated blood ( except pulmonary vein )
Carries oxygenated blood from the artery and deoxygenated blood to the vein
Rate of Rate of blood blood flowflow
High pressured blood
Low pressured blood
Very low pressured blood
ThickneThickness of ss of blood blood vessel vessel wallwall
Thick, muscular, strong and elastic wall
Thin, less muscular and less elastic wall.
Porous and thin wall ( one cell thick )
Lumen Lumen sizesize
Small Big Very small
BloodBlood• Transport a variety of substances
around the body such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, digested food, urea and hormones.
• Oxygen is carried from the lungs too all parts of the body by the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
• Carbon dioxide is carried in a pale yellow liquid called plasma.
Comparison between Comparison between oxygenated and oxygenated and
deoxygenated blooddeoxygenated bloodOxygenated
blood# Present
# Not present
# High
# Not present
Deoxygenated Blood
# Not present
# Present
# Very low
# Present
Differences
1. Oxygen
2.Carbon dioxide
3. Concentration ofdigested food
( glucose and amino acid.
4. Waste product ( urea )
Blood circulationBlood circulation•Draw figure 2.8, PAGE 21
• Blood flows from the heart to the lung through an artery and returns to the heart through a vein.
• The oxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries
•The oxygenated blood leaves the lungs and returns to heart by the pulmonary veins.
•This system of blood circulation is called double circulatory system.
PlasmaPlasma• Plasma consists of about 90% water
and 10% dissolved substances. It is yellowish fluid with alkaline characteristics.
• Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets float in plasma.
• The functions of plasma are ;*to transport digested food to cells*to transport waste products like urea*to control body temperature ( 37°C)* to carry hormones.
Red blood cellsRed blood cells1. Have biconcave shape.2. Do not have a nucleus.3. Produced in bone marrow.4. The lifespan of red blood cells is four
months and destroyed in the liver and the spleen
5. Function : transport oxygen to body cells.
White blood cellsWhite blood cells1. Larger in size than red blood cells.2. Have nucleus.3. Do not have a definite shape.4. Produced in the bone marrow and
lymph glands.5. Function ; kill bacteria in the blood ; produce antibodies
PlateletsPlatelets1.1. Small pieces in the blood.Small pieces in the blood.2.2. No definite shape.No definite shape.3.3. Do not have nucleus.Do not have nucleus.4.4. Produced in bone marrow.Produced in bone marrow.5.5. The life of platelets is very short. The life of platelets is very short.
From few hours to nine days.From few hours to nine days.6.6. Function ; to Function ; to clot bloodclot blood in a wound. in a wound.
Blood groupsBlood groups1. Human blood is classified into 4
groups ; a ) A
b) B c) AB d) O
2. A person who donates his bloods blood donor.3. A person who receives blood
recipient.
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
O, A, B, AB O OA, AB A O,AB, AB B O,B
AB AB O, A, B, AB
Can donate blood to
people with blood group
Peoplewith
blood group
Can receive blood
from people with blood
group
Blood DonationBlood Donation• Anybody who is ;
a) healthyb) weight over 50kgc) ages between 17 and 60
●a donor may give up to 0.5 liters of blood at one time.
How donated blood is stored and handled
• The blood from donor is taken from a vein in the arm.
• It’s collected is sterilized bag containing sodium citrate which prevent blood clotting.
• Then it’s stored in a refrigerator at 5°C for 10 days.
• Blood is then tested for its group and the presence of viruses such as AIDS.
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN PLANTSPLANTS
TranspirationTranspiration ;a) is a process in plants in which water is lost in the form of water vapour through evaporation from the surface of leaves.b) if too much water evaporated from a plant, the cells of the plant will wilt.
c) water vapour is lost through the stomata of leaves. Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of the leaf through the stomata during photosynthesis and respiration.d) stomata are pores or openings on the surface of leaves. More stomata are found on the undersurface of leaves.
e) stomata have guard cells to control the opening and closing of a stoma.
□draw figure 2.10, page 26
Rate of Rate of TranspirationTranspiration
1) Factors affecting transpiration are ;◦ temperature◦ wind◦ air moisture◦ light intensity
2) The number of stomata also affects the rate of transpiration
3) Weight photometer is used to estimate the transpiration rate of a plant.
The importance of The importance of transpiration to a planttranspiration to a plant
The role of transpiration is to ;∞ transport water and mineral salts from
roots to the whole plant.∞ cool plants on hot days.
∞ get rid of excess water from plants.