EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The RMG industry is the backbone and motor of

Bangladesh’s economy. This industry developed rapidly over the

past 30 years by taking advantage of the favorable trade quotas

granted to Bangladesh by the international “Multi-Fiber-

Agreement” (MFA). In addition, low labor costs have always been

one of the competitive advantages for Bangladesh garments in the

global sourcing market. Today, Bangladesh is the third largest

RMG exporter in the world. About 4,200 apparel factories export

garments worth nearly US$ 10 billion, contributing more than 75%

to Bangladesh’s total export earnings. The industry provides

direct employment to over 2.3 million workers – mainly women –

and indirectly supports the livelihood of about 20 million

people. Since the abolishment of the MFA in 2012 the RMG sector

in Bangladesh faces much stiffer competition. Garment prices have

been falling by as much as 10% annually over the last three

years. On the other hand, increasing production costs are putting

the industry in a very precarious economic situation. In

addition, the pressure from buyers has been increasing, demanding

from suppliers’ full compliance with internationally recognized

social and environmental standards, quality products and short

and reliable delivery schedules. The core problem is that under

such conditions a significant number of the factories are not fit

enough to survive in the global market.

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I have prepared this report mainly based on practical field work

method & how to impellent online garments production system.

Different data used in this report were collected from different

secondary sources.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Garments Industries in our country is facing the challenge of

export of their products in the world market. The market has

become very competitive and it is very hard for the poor

countries to survive in the quota free market. Efficient

management and proper business strategies can produce quality

production in minimal time and costs. The overall impact of the

readymade garment exports is certainly one of the most

significant and economic development in contemporary Bangladesh.

Because the Economy of Bangladesh largely depends on the RMG

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sector, in short, this sector is still considered as the lifeline

of the Bangladesh’s economy and plays an indispensible role for

the social stability of the country. Computerization is a tool to

achieve this goal which allows the best use of the information to

make future plans. The aim of this study is to help the garments

industries of our country by using proper use of computer

technology. As a reference have to visit Textile factory named

BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited). But I found that BexTex

(Beximco Textiles Limited) is not using a proper computerization

system for production and inventory management system. Most of

the works are carried out in pen and paper. This is slowing down

the operations and errors are made frequently. Most of the time,

they are losing the old data. The current situation is very poor

in the BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited) in case of

computerizations.

1.2 PROBLEMS OF CURRENT SYSTEM

Current system has many problems. Main Problems are described

bellow

• Production section of the BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited) is

doing the work manually.

• In garments division most of the works are carried out in pen

and paper.

• Sometimes administrator cannot get proper information about the

product.

• Buyers cannot place the order easily.

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• This system is not efficient and takes long time.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The goal of our project is to make the entire system efficient

and user friendly to the product manager and administrator. The

objectives focusing on our attempt are mainly concerned:

• To increase the flexibility of the administrator, agents and

buyers.

• Making the system faster than the present system.

• To eliminate the paper work of the agent.

• To facilitate the Administrator so that he can easily access

product information from anywhere.

• To reduce complexity of the production section.

• To reduce physical labor of the personnel at the BexTex

(Beximco Textiles Limited).

• To reduce workers of the BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited).

1.4 METHODOLOGY

Methodology is defined as a collection of procedures, techniques

and tools that is used for the development. Methodology is not

only a set of methods but it also includes the Ideas, rationale

and assumptions which is underling the research or investigation.

Software development methodology helps us to contribute our

effort to develop and implement a system by the collection of

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theories and concepts, comparative studies of different

approaches and by development of individual methods. This

methodology was followed:

• PHP

• MySQL database

• Apache Server

These tools are described in chapter 6

1.5 CONCLUSION

Science has brought the world at our door. Internet has made our

life easier. With the development of civilization, our life has

become comfortable and luxuries. Today every people all around

the world want to do something in an organized way. This need is

met by the addition of database technologies that retain key

information and allow for an easy way to manipulate that

information. If anybody wants to maintain his/ her system by a

organize way, web database can serve for this purpose. “Garments

Production Management System” provides the facility to maintain

link between all of the sections of garments production and keep

track of all the product information up to final shipment.

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CHAPTER 2

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

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2.1. INTRODUCTION

Requirement analysis is the way to understand the requirements of

the users of the system. It explores the expectations of the

users about the proposed system. Requirements are actually the

descriptions on how the system should work and interact with the

user of the system. Requirement analysis is difficult as it

brings together all the requirements and interest of the business

personnel. The efficiency of the final product depends on the

accuracy of the requirement analysis. As this is the base of the

future work, so the analysis part of this project was performed

carefully.

2.2 THE PRODUCTION CYCLE OF READYMADE GARMENTS

The needs for cotton fabrics are increasing day by day worldwide.

The world is moving forward and the demand of garments has a

vertical growth not only for clothing but also for households,

fashion and industrial purpose. The garments industries usually

follow different steps for production of the readymade garments.

The following steps are described below

2.2.1 Achievement of Raw Materials

Raw materials which are used in the production, completely

depends on the contract. Buyers provide only the fabrics and

clothes and the company gathers the rest of the raw materials.

2.2.2 Acquisition Procedures

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Acquisition Procedures means the way that the company follows to

incorporate the raw material from different sources. The company

buys the raw materials from either retailers or whole sellers who

are involved in the production of such raw materials.

2.2.3 Merchandise Information

At this stage, the production manager gathers all the information

related with the raw materials which is achieved by one of the

procedures mentioned above. Then a sample is designed as

specified on the order from the buyers.

2.2.4 Scheduling

This is the most important factor in manufacturing procedure. The

productivity of the company depends completely on scheduling. In

manufacturing process, scheduling maximizes the efficiency of the

business operations and reduces the cost. Scheduling is to set a

goal to minimize the production time and costs by explaining

clearly what to make and how many in quantity in a specific time

period with the use of specific equipments and manpower. The

company sets a target to achieve the goal and follows the steps

on day to day basis. Scheduling is to planning the activities

required for production at different stages from the date the

resources become available to determine the shipment date.

2.2.5 Production Process

Production starts at this stage and the amount of daily

production is recorded. The progress of the production is related

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with the scheduling. BexTex produces Menes, Women’s and

children’s garments in all fashion categories from superior dress

shirts to regular formal shirts, casual styled garments with

fashion silhouettes and details with prints, embroideries etc and

also laces and high detail cut and sew styles.

2.2.6 Product mix:

The Essess fashions Limited produce different types of garments

which are as follows:

Basic T-shirt Sports wear Polo Shirt Kids wear Tank Top Bermuda Trouser Woven Bottoms Jacket Sweat Shirt

2.2.7 Sequence of operation for each product:

Order collection

Produce sample

Order received

Yarn booking

Fabric knitting or weaving

Fabric received

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Fabric inspection

Garments pattern

Marker making

Fabric spreading

Fabric cutting

Sewing input area

Process Q.C

Sewing Output table (Q.C of 100% garments)

Washing/ non washing

Cleaning fabric

Final inspection (Get up check)

Individual size matching

Assorting (size wise ratio)

Folding & Polly bag packing

Cartooning

Send to Buyer

2.2.8 Pattern Section

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To develop all parts of the garments on plain board paper is

called pattern. Pattern is an individual component of garments

which is followed according to specific sheet. A pattern is an

actual copy of different parts of garments that is made by

cutting broad papers after sketching on it. According to this

pattern cloth is cut & then garments are made. For industrial

production different patterns are made for different size.

Bextex produce two types of pattern. Basic pattern & garments

pattern. Block pattern is used to develop sample & garments

pattern is used for bulk production. Garments pattern is made on

mount board. Seam allowances, trimming allowances, dart, pleat

etc are considered on garments pattern.

For bulk production Bextex use computer aided pattern. They use

MODRIS software for pattern making. Bextex use Digitizer manager

made by Lectra for computer aided pattern making.

2.2.9 Sample section

Bextex produces sample of garments for every style & measurement

before bulk production according to buyer’s requirement. After

making a sample it is send to buyer for approval.

Sample

-Sample is the specimen of any product.

-Sample is a specimen or we can say a part which shows that the

whole is look like.

-Sample is the physical form of design.

-sample is the physical form of buyer’s style.

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Style: A style is the characteristics or distinctive appearance

of an item. Style is a quality or mode of design and decoration

frequently associated with architectural and decorative forms.

Types of sample

Buyer requires different kinds of sample. We categories the

sample as per different buyers’ requirement as follows:-

Counter sample/ 1st Prototype sample :

Also known as first Prototype sample. First sample which is

made according to the buyer’s specification by using

available fabrics and accessories. Only one size sample is

made and quantity is 4/5 pieces (depends on buyer). The size

is basic size. After finishing the sample 2/3 pieces. Sample

will be sent to buyer for buyer’s comments.

2nd Prototype sample:

2nd Prototype sample is made on the basis of 1st Proto

sample’s comments. Same procedure is maintained on 2nd Proto

but you have to rectify buyer’s comments which are given on

1st Proto.

3rd Prototype sample:

3rd Prototype sample don’t need to make if 2nd Proto sample

is approved. If buyer didn’t approve 2nd Proto sample then

have to make it. Sample making procedure is same as 2nd

Proto if buyer didn’t demand anything.

Pre line Sample:

Pre Line Sample is made with actual fabric &

accessories .Size is basic & quantity is 5/6 Pieces (depends

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on buyer) & is sent to buyer. Pre Line Sample is used for

Fashion show.

Salesman Sample:

In the sample procedure Salesman sample is very important

for buyer & order recipients. Because buyer collect the

order from their customer & order to factory. Buyer’s

salesman shows the sample & collects the order from customer

or buyer participates Trade Fair to collect the order.

Medium Submit Sample:

From salesman sample 3 or 4 pieces. Sample is sent to buyer

for their checking and comments which is called Medium

Submit Sample.

Size Set Sample:

Sample made from all sizes of the Size Specification Sheet

(which sizes will be given to the factory) is called Size

Set Sample. From 1st Proto to Salesman Sample there has to

make only basic size but on Size Set Sample all sizes are

made according to order sheet. Size Set Sample can be made

with substitute fabric or actual fabric. Measurement is the

main factor in Size Set Sample.

Pre Production Sample:

Once the size set sample has been approved another sample is

made with actual fabrics & accessories to get approved from

Buyer’s Representative before starting bulk production. Pre

Production Sample is made by the particular sewing line

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where bulk production will be made to see that the line will

be capable to make the style or not.

Production Sample:

Sometimes the buyer wants to see the quality of running

production. Then some sample is picked from the sewing line

and sent to buyer. Then it is called Production sample. The

quantity and size depends on buyer’s requirement.

Wash and Lab Test Sample:

During bulk production sometimes buyer may asked for some

sample to do the lab test for non washed garments and some

other tests i.e. washing and water resistance test for Seam

Sealed Garments, Printing Quality Check, etc. Then it may

call wash or lab test sample .Size is not factor but you may

have to send all of the color of the style.

Shipment Sample

A sample is sent to the buyer during export from the bulk.

It is called shipping sample. It may require for custom this

sample. Also if the garment is defective it does not matter.

Out of all those above samples there are two more

samples as following:-

Photo Shoot sample:

Buyer wants this sample for photo session which will be used

in the Catalogues, Fashion Magazines, etc. This sample is

made with actual fabrics and accessories.

Mock – up Sample:

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Mock –up sample means mock of any part or portion of a

style. If any part of any style is difficult to sew or

making then factory can suggest another construction and

send to buyer the mock of that part or at the same way if

buyer wants any great change of any portion or part of any

style then buyer may develop that portion or by their

technician and then they send it the factory with the sample

or separately. Mock- up Sample is submitted from either side

before starting bulk production.

2.2.10 Marker section

In Bextex marker is made both manual system & automatic system.

In computer aided marker Bextex use DAIMINO@WS3 software.

In manual marker making process, marker man use pattern paper to

draw different garments parts in marker paper.

Bextex uses nine (9) types of marker:

1. Solid

2. Check match

3. Self edge

4. One garment one way

5. All garment one way

6. Group marker

7. Rise match

8. Side match

9. Nap down

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Solid marker: Solid marker is used for solid fabric. All

pattern parts can placed anywhere in the marker with correct

grain line matching. Marker efficiency is higher for solid

fabric.

Check matching: Check match marker is used for check fabric.

First, parts r cut by taking more allowance than the actual

pattern piece. After that. The large piece r cut by straight

knife cutting m/c or Die cutting m/c. Pair matching is

essential here such as sleeve pair (Front and left sleeve)

and front and back part pair and pocket match with front

part. It mainly depends on buyer, what buyer wants and

fabric quality. Marker efficiency is less in check fabric.

Self Edge: Self edge marker is used for shade variation

fabric. Pattern pieces are placed in one way.

One Garment one way: here, all pattern parts in the marker

are placed two directions.

All Garment one way: Here, all the pattern pieces in the

marker are placed in one way.

Rise match: This marker is used for check part. Here front

and back pair matching is essential.

Side match: if there is shade in fabric, then this marker is

used.

Nap down: this marker is used for pile fabric.

2.2.11 Fabric spreading

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In Bextex fabrics are spreader by manual method. For this two or

more people are laying fabric in cutting table by hand. Sometimes

they use paper roll for evenly fabric spreading.

2.2.12 Cutting section

Fabric cutting is used in the sense of cutting room and area

which normally includes the activities of marker planning,

spreading and preparation for sewing as well as being used to

refer to the actual cutting out of garments parts for laying.

2.2.13 Sewing section

After bundling different cutting parts of the garments bring

to the sewing section and feed into the input section. Then

the different parts of the garments are sewing according to

the process sequence in the making section. After completion

of all process of the garment, it passes to the output section

after in line quality checking.

Activities of sewing section:

Attend pre-production meeting

Receive sample

Receive work sheet

Receive Approved swatch

Operation Break-down

Machine layout

Receive cut Fabric from cutting section by using Receiving

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Register

Receive Sewing pattern from pattern maker

Marking at necessary parts

Input

First production approved by Q.C. department

Look after production

Line Balancing

Target setting

Co-operative with Q.C. Department

Hand over complete Garments to finishing section through

end line Q.C. Inspector

Show hourly production on production board

Prepare every day input and production statement

Maintain discipline and working environment

Tools and equipment of sewing section:

Rack for cut fabric keeping (for every line)

Desk for trims keeping(with lock for every line)

Attendance register (one for every line)

Drawing/ Marking table (three for every line)

Supporting table for bigger components operation (as per

required)

Desk (one for every operator)first aid-box(at every corner

of the factory

Fire extinguisher(at every corner of the factory)

Punch plunk

Scissors

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Arc puncher

Finishing Section:

Layout plan for a Finishing Room

Thread sucking

Primary inspection

Ironing (stem iron)

Checking for faults

Measurement checking

Final inspection (getup)

Size wise ratio

Price label attaching

Tissue paper /Hangtag or other accessories attaching

Folding (according to Buyer’s requirement)

Packing

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Ready to Shipment

2.2.14 Final Inspection of Garments:

Before shipment the final check & evaluation of any garments

lot is called final inspection or Pre- shipment inspection or

final audit. Final inspection consists of inspecting finished

garments from the consumer point of view. For final inspection,

there is involved third party, who may come from different

country or any Buying house and Buyer conducts them.

Purpose of final inspection:

a) Buyers can understand about the quality standard of

merchandise being purchased/Buyers can know what the

position of the merchandise is.

b) Last opportunity to know the quality status of garments

lot for both buyer & Exporter.

c) It is an important part of quality control activity in

clothing industry.

d) It is an obvious condition from Buyer’s end to conduct

final inspection.

e) It enables the supplier to evaluate his/her process

control.

2.2.15 Folding & Packing:

Folding: There are four types of folding are done in the

Beximco Textile Limited. They are as follows-

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1. Half folding or semi stand up: - For polo shirt they setup

collar with body at 45 degree angle. Without polo shirt

for other T-shirt they fold the sleeve in the front part

of the body and bottom side of the body are set of the

shoulder position.

2. Bold folding or Flat pocket: - For polo shirt they setup

collar with 90 degree angle with body part. Without polo

shirt for other T-shirt they folding two sleeves on the

body back part and half bottom of the body are folding top

of the sleeve.

3. Roll folding: - They start making a roll from bottom side

and folding is complete in the shoulder position. Then

they lock the roll of the garments with hook.

4. Hanger poly: - They are hanging a garment in the hanger

and use a poly bag which is packing full garments for

garments delivery.

Packing: There are four types of packing are done in the Bextex

Limited. These are as follows-

1. Solid color solid size: When buyer give requirement for

garments packing per carton one color and one size then it

is called solid color solid size packing.

2. Solid color assorting size: When buyer give requirement

for garments packing one color and different size then it

is called solid color assorting size packing.

3. Assorted color assorted size: When buyer give requirement

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for garments packing different color and different size

then it is called assorted color assorted size.

4. Assorted color solid size: When buyer give requirement for

garments packing different color and one size then it is

called assorted color solid size.

Now the garments are finished and packed in cartons and ready to

be ex-factory. The goods are then handed over to Commercial

Department. The commercial department contacts the shipping agent

either nominated by the buyer or negotiated by the factory owner

for the buyer. They also do the bank related jobs to prepare the

documents for the shipment.

2.3 THE PROCESS OF PRODUCT ORDER AND GETTING INTO GARMENTS

PRODUCTION

Product Management System and its business has changed

considerably over some few years. Before implementing and

designing this project, several steps were to be taken that were

conducted through a combination of research equipments.

Understanding product management system (e.g. cutting, swing,

washing, finishing etc) and their limitations of information

access were some of our considerations. For this purpose we have

discussed with BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited) workers,

managers for understanding the system.

Most of the readymade garments factories do as follow:

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• Buyers send a color visual or Original Sample to follow or a

book let of their detail design to follow with the order.

• Factory (manufacturers) sends the price accordingly and asks

for approval from the buyer.

• After approval, the factory develops the proto (development)

sample and gets the approval.

• Within this period buyer sends the purchase order along with

the LC (Letter of Credits).

• After getting the proto and LC, the factory goes for size wise

fit sample (for approval of the measurement).

• After the approval, the factory develops the Pre-Production

(PP) sample and gets these approved. Pre production sample goes

with all original brandings like actual fabric in actual color,

actual color print and embroidery, all actual accessories like

labels, buttons, packing etc.

• After receiving the approval on Pre Production samples, the

factory goes for final bulk production.

• After final production, either buyer does the inspection or the

factory do the inspection on behalf of buyers and produces an

inspection certificate which is a compulsory with the shipping

document.

• The factory does the packing as per buyer’s instruction.

• Commercial department contacts the buyer’s nominated shipping

agent.

2.4. CONCLUSION

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Understanding the requirements of a problem is one of the most

difficult tasks. I visited to all section of the BexTex (Beximco

Textiles Limited) to get relevant information sources to

familiarize ourselves with the system. I also spend time in

analysis of those data.

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis deals with the analysis of the system prior to

the automation of as computer system. Technology is applied on

analysis of the system which satisfies the needs of the

individuals. The problems are analyzed to determine the nature of

the system. Business processes are the day to day driver for any

business. There is a relation between the business and the

business customers. The business process includes the set of

business rules, computer systems, the operations and the actions

of the business. The aim of system analysis is to understand the

ins and outs of the business process, analyzing of the

statistical and day to day data used in the business, and to

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draft the interaction of the technology with information. All

business depends on data. Data represents the reality therefore

understanding the dimension of data plays an important role in

system analysis.

3.2 OBJECTIVES

System analysis is conducted with the following objectives in

mind:

• Understand a system.

• Understand the different phases of system development life

cycle.

• Know the components of system analysis.

• Know the components of system designing.

3.3 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

System development life cycle means combination of various

activities. In other words we can say that various activities put

together are referred as system development life cycle. In the

System Analysis and Design terminology, the system development

life cycle means software development life cycle [2, 4, and 8].

Following are the different phases of software development cycle:

• System study

• Feasibility study

• Cost benefit analysis

• System analysis

• System design

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• Coding

• Testing

• Implementation

• Maintenance

The different phases of software development life cycle is shown

in Fig.3.1

Fig. 3.1: Different phases of Software development Life Cycle

3.4 PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Let us now describe the different phases and the related

activities of system development life cycle in detail.

3.4.1 System Study

System study is the first stage of system development life cycle.

This gives a clear picture of what actually the physical system

is? After completing the system study, a system proposal is

prepared by the System Analyst (who studies the system) and

placed before the user. The proposed system contains the findings

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limitations and problems of the present system in the light of

the user’s requirements.

To describe the system study phase more analytically, we would

say that system study phase passes through the following steps:

• Problem Identification and project initiation

• Background analysis

• Inference or findings

3.4.2 Feasibility Study

The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed

system in the light of its workability, meeting user’s

requirements, effective use of resources and of course, the cost

effectiveness. The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve

the problem but to achieve the scope. In the process of

feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with

greater accuracy

3.4.3 Cost Benefit Analysis

Among the most important information contained study is the cost

benefit analysis which is an assessment of the economic

justification. Cost benefit analysis delineates cost for project

development and weights them against tangible and intangible

benefit of a system.

In developing cost estimates for a system, we need to consider

several cost elements.

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• Hardware cost relate to the purchase of the computer and

peripherals.

• Personnel cost includes staff salaries and benefits or bonus.

• Operating cost includes all costs associated with the day-to-

day operation of the system; depends on the number of shifts, the

nature of the application, the caliber of the operating staff.

• Supply costs are variable costs that increased use of paper,

ribbon, discs etc.

3.4.4 System Analysis

Analysis involved a detailed study of the current system, leading

to specifications of a new system. Analysis is a detailed study

of various operations performed by a system and their

relationships within and outside the system. During analysis,

data are collected on the available files, decision points and

transactions handled by the present system. Interviews, on-site

observation and questionnaire are the tools used for system

analysis.

3.4.5 System Design

Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of a new

system, the new system is designed. This is the phase of system

designing. It is a crucial phase in the development of a system.

Normally the design proceeds in two stages:

• Preliminary or general design

• Structure or detailed design

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3.4.6 Coding

After designing the new system, the whole system is required to

be converted into computer understanding language. Coding the new

system into computer programming language does this. It is an

important stage where the defined procedures are transformed into

control specifications by the help of a computer language. This

is also called the programming phase in which the programmer

converts the program specifications into computer instructions,

which we refer as programs. The programs coordinate the data

movements and control the entire process in a system.

3.4.7 Testing

Before actually implementing the new system into operations, a

test run of the system is done to remove all the bugs, if any. It

is an important phase of a successful system. After codifying the

whole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and

run on a given set of test data. The output of the test run

should match the expected results.

3.4.8 Implementation

After having the user acceptance of the new system developed, the

implementation phase begins. Implementation is the stage of a

project during which theory is turned into practice. During this

phase, all the programs of the system are loaded onto the user’s

computer. After loading the system, training of the users starts.

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Main topics of such type of training are:

• How to execute the package

• How to enter the data

• How to process the data (processing details)

• How to take out the reports

3.4.9 Maintenance

Maintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the system during

its working life and to tune the system to any variations in its

working environment. It has been seen that there are always some

errors found in the system that must be noted and corrected. It

also means the review of the system from time to time. The review

of the system is done for:

• Knowing the full capabilities of the system

• Knowing the required changes or the additional requirements

• Studying the performance

If a major change to a system is needed, a new project may have

to be set up to carry out the change. The new project will then

proceed through all the above life cycle phases.

3.5 CONCLUSION

System analysis is an important part of work. System analysis is

needed for designing and implementing of the project. The

problems are analyzed to determine the nature of the system.

System Analysis finds the different phase of a system and

components of system design. In this chapter we try to represent

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all of the phases of system development life cycle to design a

system.

CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 INTRODUCTION

System design is the most important phase of the System

Development Life Cycle. It is a solution, a “how to” approach to

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the creation of a new system. It provides the understanding and

procedural details necessary for implementing the system

recommended in the feasibility study. Emphasis is on translating

the performance requirements into design specifications. The

design phase is a transition from a user-oriented document

(system proposal) to a document oriented to the programmers or

data base personnel. An accurate system design gives accurate

system performance. Several structural tools are used for design

purpose of the candidate system. In this chapter we have

discussed about Web Design, Dataflow Diagram, E-R Diagram,

Activity Diagram, Use Case Diagram and Network Design of the

proposed system.

4.2 WEB SITE DESIGN

A Web site is a collection of information about a particular

topic or subject. Designing a web site is defined as the

arrangement and creation of web pages that in turn make up a web

site. A web page consists of information for which the web site

is developed. A web site might be compared to a book, where each

page of the book is a web page.

The intent of web design is to create a web site (a collection of

electronic files residing on one or more web servers) that

presents content (including interactive features or interfaces)

to the end user in the form of web pages once requested. Such

elements as text, forms, and bit-mapped images (GIFs, JPEGs, and

PNGs) can be placed on the page using HTML, XHTML, or XML tags.

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Web page design is a process of conceptualization, planning,

modeling, and execution of electronic media content delivery via

Internet in the form of technologies (such as markup languages)

suitable for interpretation and display by a web browser or other

web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

Typically web pages are classified as static or dynamic.

• Static pages don’t change content and layout with every request

unless a human (web master or programmer) manually updates the

page.

• Dynamic pages adapt their content and/or appearance depending

on the end-user’s input or interaction or changes in the

computing environment (user, time, database modifications, etc.)

4.3 NETWORK DESIGN

The proposed system will be implemented on the web. A central

server at BEXTEX (BEXIMCO TEXTILES LIMITED) will contain the

application. Any buyer & agent will have access to the special

areas of the system through the internet. The administrator will

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have the full access.

Fig 4.1: Network Design

4.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

The DFD was first developed by Larry Constantine as a way of

expressing system requirements in a graphical form. It is also

known as a “bubble chart” has the purpose of clarifying system

requirements and identifying major transformations that will

become programs in system design. A DFD consists of a series of

bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles & lines represent data

transformations & data flows in the system respectively. DFD does

not depend on hardware, software and data structure or file

organization because it shows what data flow (logical) rather

than how they are processed. There are four symbols in a DFD.

They are:

• an oval defines a source (originator) or destination of system

data

• An arrow Identifies data flow-data in motion. It is a pipeline

through which information flows.

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• A rectangle represents a process that transforms incoming data

flow(s) into outgoing data flow(s).

• An open rectangle is a data store i.e. data at rest, or a

temporary repository of data.

Data flow diagram for our proposed system

4.5 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

Activity diagram of Garments Production Management System is

given below.

Fig 4.5: Activity Diagram of Proposed System

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4.6 ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

This Use Case starts on demand. The buyer places an order to the

manufactures. The manufactures get the color visual (CAD) or

Original sample from the buyer. The company decides the price

accordingly and sends the price to the buyer for their approval.

If the buyer agrees with the price then the company goes for

production else the buyer looks for another manufacturer who can

provide in lower costs. Once the buyer approves the price, the

factory develops a proto sample. At the same time, the Factory

collects the Letter of Credit (LC) or Purchase Order from the

buyer.

After development of the proto sample and after getting the

purchase order, the factory develops a size fit sample for

approval. If the size wise sample is not approved, the factory

continues to develop this sample again until they get an

approval.

After getting approval, the factory develops a pre production

sample. Pre production sample goes with all original brandings

like actual fabric in actual color, actual color print and

embroidery, all actual accessories like labels, buttons, packing

etc. And the factory sends the pre production sample to the buyer

for their final approval. Once they approve the sample, final

bulk production is started.

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After final production, either buyer does the inspection or

company does the inspection on behalf of buyers and produces an

inspection certificate which is a compulsory with the shipping

document.

The factory does the packing as per the buyer’s instruction after

finishing inspection. When the packing is finished, the

commercial department contracts with buyer’s nominated shipping

agents for shipment. The shipping agency is responsible for

shipment of the products from the factory to the buyer.

Pre Condition

Shipment is from a valid Shipping company

Post Condition

The factory needs to print all the confirmation from the buyer

during production.

4.7 ANALYSIS OF THE USE CASE

Actors: Workers, Quality Control Officer, Commercial Department,

Buyer, Supplier, Time, Manager, Section Supervisor, Shipping

Agent, Washing Company

Description: This use case describes the production cycle for

BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited)

The buyer places an order. The factory’s commercial department’s

job is to take care of import and export of the goods and to

communicate with the buyers in home and abroad. After an order is

placed and the price is agreed with the buyer, the company goes

for production. In this stage, different sections, such as

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cutting, sewing, finishing and maintenance sections are involved

in production procedure.

There are workers who are involved in production procedure.

Workers either work on daily basis or monthly basis. Daily basis

workers get the wages everyday and the monthly workers gets the

wages after one month.

Each section has a section in charge (section supervisor).

Section supervisor collects the raw materials used for production

from the inventory as per written requisition.

The quality control officer/store keeper issues the raw materials

to the section supervisor as required and updates the inventory.

The system performs the check that there are available goods to

issue while any requisition takes place. Sometimes defected goods

are found after requisition and the section supervisor sends it

back to inventory as a wastage also the accessed goods which were

not used for the production are send back to inventory by the

section supervisor and inventory is updated.

When a new order is placed, the quality control office checks for

the availability of the raw materials which will be used for the

production by generating the inventory report. Unavailable goods

are purchased from the raw material suppliers.

But only the manager can place a purchased order. The quality

control office generates the list of items need to purchase for

production and sends it to the manager for his authorization.

Managers get different reports from the system. These include the

daily production progress report, inventory report and purchase

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report. Daily production report informs the amount of daily

production at any moment of time, inventory reports informs the

list of inventory, current stock in hand of goods and their rate,

purchase report shows the list of goods purchased at any date and

the expenses on purchase.

The maintenance section is involved of the inspection of the

finished goods and to generate inspection certificate. The

finishing section does the packing of the finished product as per

the buyer’s instruction.

After production is finished, the production manager accumulates

the report of finished product and contacts with the washing

company for washing and ironing of the finished goods. After the

washing company returns the goods back to the factory, the

finishing section starts to do the packing of the goods.

The commercial department contacts with the buyer for shipment.

Buyer specifies a shipping agency for shipment of the finished

goods. When the shipment is finished, the production cycle is

completed.

Pre Condition:

Production can only be started if the required raw materials are

available and the buyer is agreed with the price. Order

information should be valid and complete.

Post Condition:

Generate different report for the manager.

4.8 CONCLUSION

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System design is an important phase in System Development Life

Cycle (SDLC). I have analyzed the data thoroughly to create Data

Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Activity

Diagram and Use Case Diagram. I have also made some normalization

to our database to avoid repetitions and redundancy. So the

procedures should be followed properly in order to get an

appropriate system design. An accurate system design can only

produce efficient system.

CHAPTER 5

PROPOSED SYSTEM

5.1 INTRODUCTION

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In this chapter, I discuss about this proposed system. Production

Management System is a very important area where all product

information is kept. Recently World Wide Web is more efficient

and effective to make the system online base. For that region,

our proposed system is “Online Garments Production Management

System”. All the product, agent, administrator and buyer

information are stored into this system.

5.2 FEATURES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

Mainly three kinds of users will be in the proposed system. They

are not the same categories and their features will not be the

same. The proposed system should have the following facilities to

serve the better service:

• In our system admin or manager can access whole system and have

a password.

• Administrator is the super user who will have the power to add,

update, and delete different kinds of information about product

or any other information.

• Administrator can see the daily product information, washing

information, shipping information and order status of all

products.

• Product manager can get all product information from any place

of the world through web.

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• Administrator can create a new agent and give a password for

access to part of the system.

• Administrator can change the password anytime if he wants.

• Administrator can generate production report.

• Buyer will have to be registered to access the order form,

place the order and see the running order.

• Buyer can see his ordered information using his/ her password.

• Company agent must be registered by administrator

• Company agent can access part of the system using his/ her

password.

• Company agent can change only his or her product information.

• Normal users can see the details of completed product without

any permission but they cannot see the other information.

5.3 BENEFIT OF THE USERS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this section, we discussed thoroughly the benefits of

different kinds of users. The users will get the faster system

than the present system.

5.3.1 Benefit of the Administrator

The administrator will get the maximum benefit from it. Actually

this system is made for helping the administrator. He can see the

all product information in any time. For that region, he can take

any decision easily and quickly. He can save lots of time by this

system. He can utilize their time to other jobs. Using this

system, we also reduce the physical labor of the administrator.

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5.3.2 Benefit of the Buyer

The buyer will get the benefit from it. He can place the order

from anywhere in the world by using this system. He also can see

the running product information.

5.3.3 Benefit of the Agent

The agents also get the benefit from it. This system reduces the

paper work and the physical labor of the agent.

5.4 CONCLUSION

This system is faster than the present system. In manual system,

it is difficult to get the data in a short time. This system uses

proper management of computer technology. As a result, this

system reduces the time complexity and physical labor of the

users. Different types of users use this system and get the

benefit from it. Administrator can access his required

information within a second by using this system. Admin can take

his decision quickly and easily and this affects the performance

of the BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited) significantly. Buyer can

place order quickly.

CHAPTER 6

DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION

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6.1 INTRODUCTION

My focus will be to design & implement a system that will

efficiently give product information to the administrator of the

garments. This system also contains the buyer and agent

information. During the stage of system design our system was a

set of programs or program unit. Now I discuss the development

and implementation of this system.

6.2 SUPPORTING DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

Our supporting development tools are PHP, MySQL, CSS, HTML,

Macromedia Dreamweaver and Apache Server. Here those development

tools are described-

6.2.1 PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)

PHP (recursive acronym for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”) is a

widely-used Open Source general-purpose scripting language that

is especially suited for Web development. Much of its syntax is

borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-

specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow

web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly and

can be embedded into HTML.

PHP distinguishes from something like client-side JavaScript is

that the code is executed on the server. If we were to have a

script similar to the above on your server, the client would

receive the results of running that script, with no way of

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determining what the underlying code may be. We can even

configure our web server to process all our HTML files with PHP.

The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for

a newcomer, but offers many advanced features for a professional

programmer. We can jump in, in a short time, and start writing

simple scripts in a few hours, Although PHP’s development is

focused on server-side scripting language.

6.2.2 MySQL Database

The `MySQL (TM)’ software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded,

multi-user, and robust `SQL’ (`Structured Query Language’)

database server. MySQL is the post popular DBMS in web

application development, was first released initially on 23 May

1995. ’MySQL Server’ is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load

production systems as well as for embedding into mass-deployed

software. Users can choose to use the `MySQL’ software as an

`Open Source’/`Free Software’ product under the terms of the `GNU

General Public License’. MySQL supports cross platform.

6.2.2.1 Advantages:

Following are the features of MySQL:

• MySQL is characterized as free

• Faster than Oracle, ODBC, Sybase

• Reliable because it is open source

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• Open source relational database.

• Robust database with a good feature set.

• Platform independent: Windows, Linux, MacOS, OS/2

6.2.3 Apache Server

Apache is the most widely available HTTP server on the Internet.

It supports the PERL and PHP languages. Apache is an open-source

(source code is freely available and can be shared) HTTP Web

server software. It is currently the most popular web server on

the Net. It is usually run on UNIX operating system versions like

Linux or BSD, but it can also be run on Windows. It is a full-

featured server with many powerful add-ons freely available.

Apache’s major competitor is Microsoft’s IIS.

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and

maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems

including UNIX and Windows NT. The goal of this project is to

provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that provides

HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.

.

6.2.4 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

In web development, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet

language used to describe the presentation of a document written

in a markup language. It’s most common application is to style

web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can be

applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL.

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CSS is used by both the authors and readers of web pages to

define colors, fonts, layout, and other aspects of document

presentation. It is designed primarily to enable the separation

of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup

language) from document presentation (written in CSS). This

separation can improve content accessibility, provide more

flexibility and control in the specification of presentational

characteristics, and reduce complexity and repetition in the

structural content.

CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in

different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-

screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based

browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices.

CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules

apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element.

6.2.5 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

HTML – Short for the Hypertext Markup Language, the language by

which Web servers and client browsers communicate. HTML files are

plain text files, so they can be composed and edited in different

types of operating systems.

6.3 IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation means converting a system design into operational

form. This phase is divided into 2 parts – database

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implementation and user interface implementation (code

generation).

In the first part, the logical database design was implemented as

the physical database design. All the data types were defined

properly on each table. The relations among the tables were

described by using primary key and foreign key concepts.

The second part was to generate code to insert business data to

the database through user interface. This part includes the

followings, to create user interfaces to insert, update and

search and delete data and to generate different reports for the

managements from those data.

6.3.1 Database Design and Table List

Data is the collection of facts which the most important factor

in any organization. Data plays the most important role in

business activities and day to day events.

Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model

of a database. This logical data model contains all the needed

logical and physical design choices and physical storage

parameters needed to generate a design in a Data Definition

Language, which can then be used to create a database.

A fully attributed data model contains detailed attributes for

each entity. Now we discuss the database table-

6.3.1.1 Agent Information Table

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The table name is agent info. It contains agent’s information. It

has ten data fields. ID contains a unique number for every agent.

Login ID and pass are used for accessing the system.

6.3.1.2 Buyer Information Table

The table name is buyer info. It contains buyer’s information. It

has nine data fields. ID contains a unique Identification for

distinct buyers. Login ID and pass are used for accessing the

system.

6.3.1.3 Order Information Table

The table name is order info. It contains order’s information. It

has seven data fields. Order No contains a unique Identification

for every order.

6.3.1.4 Production Information Table

The table name is production info. It contains product’s

information. It has nineteen data fields. ID contains a unique

Identification for every product. This table is used by

admin/agent. Here agent ID and order No are foreign keys.

6.3.1.5 Order Status Table

The table name is order status. It contains order status

information. It has six data fields. ID contains a unique

Identification for every order status.

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6.3.1.6 Washing Information Table

The table name is wash info. It contains washing information. It

has thirteen data fields.

6.3.1.7 Completed Product Table

The table name is product detail. It contains product’s detail

information. It has eight data fields. ID contains a unique

Identification for every product.

6.3.1.8 Transaction Information Table

The table name is transaction info. It contains transaction’s

information. It has five data fields. ID contains a unique

Identification for every transaction.

6.3.1.9 Shipment Information Table

The table name is ship info. It contains shipment’s information.

It has six data fields. Ship ID contains a unique Identification

for every shipment. This table is used by admin/agent. Here agent

ID and order No are foreign keys. Other attributes are date Time,

quantity and cost.

6.4 IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM

Our implemented system has different web page. Those web pages

are used for showing different types of information. There is a

page where a report is generated. This report shows daily

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production report between two dates. Three types of users can

access this system. Some pages are described below-

6.4.1 Home Page

Home page used for showing the new and existing product picture

and price. A user uses this web page for login. By clicking on

the picture of the product we can see the detailed information

like buyer information, fabric details, and style details. The

left ID contains the main menu where homepage, buyer, product

information, service, contact us and logout.

6.4.2 Buyer Registration Page

Buyer uses this page for his or her registration. Buyer

information’s stored into the database table by this web page.

Here information about Login ID, Password, Full name, Address,

Phone No., Email, and Fax are entered. To confirm the

registration, Register button is used. Without registration,

buyer cannot access this system.

6.4.3 Admin Information Page

Administrator can use this page to view all production

information and production report. Here information about Create

New Agent or Admin, Update Top Product, Daily Production

Information, Order Status, Washing Information, Transaction

Information, Shipping Information, Buyer Order View, Production

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is linked with different pages. Admin can register new agent or

admin.

6.4.4 Daily Production Information

Daily product information’s are stored into the database table

using this web page. Here information about Agent Name, Order No,

Finished, Thread Cut, Snap Button, Pressing, Folding, Poly

Packing, Carton Complete, Start Date, Cutting, Washing,

Inspection, Regular Hour, Overtime Hour, Total Worker, and No

Reject are entered.

6.5 CONCLUSION

Here we discuss those tools (HTML, PHP, MySQL, Macromedia Dream

waiver, CSS and Apache Server) which are used for implementing

this system.

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CHAPTER 7

TESTING

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Software testing is a critical element of software quality

assurance and popular risk management strategy. Here, programmer

compares the actual result with required result. Testing is the

process to review of the specification, design and coding. In

fact, testing is the one-step in the software engineering process

that could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive.

7.2 OBJECTIVES OF SOFTWARE TESTING

There are many objectives to test system:

• Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of

finding an error.

• A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding

as-yet undiscovered.

• To check whether the software is running on track or out of

track

7.3 TESTING PRINCIPLE

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To test software effectively, a software engineer must understand

the basic principles that guide software testing. The testing

principals are as follows:

• All test should be traceable, that is the objectives of testing

should be uncovered basis on customer requirements.

• Test should be planned before testing begins.

• An independent third party should conduct test.

• Exhaustive testing is not possible.

7.4 TEST PLAN

The purpose of test planning is to provide the basis for

accomplishing testing in an organized manner. If a test plan is

comprehensive and carefully thought out, test execution and

analysis should proceed smoothly.

A good test plan is one which:

• Has a good chance of detecting a majority of the defects.

• Is flexible.

• Is executed easily, repeatable and automatically.

• Defines the types of test objectives.

• Clearly defines the test objectives.

• Clarifies the test strategy.

• Is not redundant.

• Identifies the risk.

7.5 EXECUTION TEST PLAN

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Team members of the project will prepare the test plan. The

following types of testing will be done for Product Management

System:

7.5.1 Unit Testing

In computer programming, unit testing is a procedure used to

validate that individual unit of source code is working properly.

Unit testing is a software development process in which the

smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are

individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation.

Unit testing is often automated but it can also be done manually.

This testing mode is a component of Extreme Programming (XP), a

pragmatic method of software development that takes a meticulous

approach to building a product by means of continual testing and

revision.

7.5.1.1 Benefit

The goal of unit testing is to isolate each part of the program

and show that the individual parts are correct. A unit test

provides a strict, written contract that the piece of code must

satisfy. As a result, it affords several benefits.

7.5.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing, also known as integration and testing (I&T),

is a software development process which program units are

combined and tested as groups in multiple ways. Integration

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testing can expose problems with the interfaces among program

components before trouble occurs in real-world program execution.

Integration testing is a component of Extreme Programming (XP), a

pragmatic method of software development that takes a meticulous

approach to building a product by means of continual testing and

revision.

There are two major ways of carrying out an integration test,

called the bottom-up method and the top-down method.

7.5.2.1 Bottom-Up Integration Testing

Bottom-up integration testing begins with unit testing, followed

by tests of progressively higher-level combinations of units

called modules or builds.

7.5.2. 2 Top-Down Integration Testing

In top-down integration testing, the highest-level modules are

tested first and progressively lower-level modules are tested

after that. In a comprehensive software development environment,

bottom-up testing is usually done first, followed by top-down

testing.

7.5.3 Validation

The process of evaluating software during or at the end of the

development process to determine whether it satisfies specified

requirements.

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In other words, validation ensures that the product actually

meets the user’s needs, and that the specifications were correct

in the first place, while verification is ensuring that the

product has been built according to the requirements and design

specifications. Validation ensures that ‘you built the right

thing.

7.5.4 Verification

The process of evaluating software to determine whether the

products of a given development phase satisfy the conditions

imposed at the start of that phase. Verification ensures that

‘you built it right’.

7.6 SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE

Software testing may be viewed as an important part of the

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) process. In SQA, software

process specialists and auditors take a broader view on software

and its development. They examine and change the software

engineering process itself to reduce the amount of faults that

end up in defect rate. What constitutes an acceptable defect rate

depends on the nature of the software. An arcade video game

designed to simulate flying an airplane would presumably have a

much higher tolerance for defects than software used to control

an actual airliner. Although there are close links with SQA

testing departments often exist independently, and there may be

no SQA areas in some companies.

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7.7 CONCLUSION

Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of

developed computer software. A human being can make an error

(mistake), which produces a defect (fault, bug) in the code, in

software or a system, or in a document. For that region, testing

is an important. Different types of testing are used in this

project.

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CHAPTER 8

CRITICAL APPRAISAL

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Every system has some limitations or problems. These systems also

have some problems. In this chapter, we discuss those problems.

8.2 LIMITATION

Problems are everywhere. Normally garments industries are always

busy with their work. So data collection was delayed sometimes

due to the business of the garments personnel.

We found few troubles of designing this project because we are

the new developers in the software field. We have also faced some

problems during data analysis, database design, and data

normalization and in the time of making relationships among

several tables.

Limitations of our system are listed below-

• Because of privacy act, the data on costing and marketing

activities has not been supplied in details.

• If garments planning department properly input data into

system, buyer will not get accurate information about production

status on time.

• If buyer is illegal it cannot be verified, that is mail

checking system is not used.

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• To final an order for production there is needed buyer’s

representative.

• This system only maintains the production side.

• Report cannot be generated properly if the time format is not

matched between database & PHP coding.

8.3 CONCLUSION

After completion our project, I faced some problems. I faced some

problems in installing the software, so I used in implementation

of the system. In the future, I will try to solve those problems.

CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

9.1 CONCLUSION

There is no doubt that Online Application is most popular and

important for all. Now a day, we depend on the Online for

everything like job searching, advertising, buying goods etc.

The proposed system is also online based. In the proposed system

maintained full production sector. The combination of HTML, CSS

and PHP are used for front end design and MySQL is used for back

end. Apache server is used as a server. I think one day this

“Online Garments Product Management System” will be a complete

solution for the administrators. Mainly three kinds of user can

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access this software. Every user has to be registered first of

all. Admin can access the whole system and can generate the

production report, which shows the complete and running

production information.

There are further more areas where the application can be

developed to support the BexTex (Beximco Textiles Limited). For

example Human Resource Department, Compliance Department,

Training Department, Corporate Social Responsibility department

can be developed and integrated with this application to get the

better outcome. Different reports can be designed to retrieve

data from the database as per the requirements. The requirements

of the management changes over the time. So the application also

need to upgrade every after certain time. The server side

validation was not performed in this application which is

mandatory in good programming practice.

All of the users are benefited by the system. The administrator

will get the maximum benefit from it. He can take any decision

easily and quickly. Better control and security ensures data,

reduce manpower, eliminate paper work and increase the efficiency

of the daily work.

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