appendix 1: metric conversion table
TRANSCRIPT
APPENDIX 1: METRIC CONVERSION TABLE
Area
Volume
Mass
Density
Velocity
Energy
1 in.= 25.44 mm [approximately 25 mm, then (mm/100) x 4=in.]
1ft= 304.8 mm (approximately 300 mm) 1 yd = 0.914 m (approximately 910 mm)
1 mile= 1.609 km (approximately H km) 1m= 3.281 ft= 1.094 yd (approximately 1.1 yd)
(10m= 11 ydapproximately) 1 km = 0.621 mile (f mile approximately)
1 ftl = 0.093 m2
1 yd2 = 0.836 m2
1 acre= 0.405 ha [1 ha (hectare)= 10 000 m2]
1 mile2 = 2.590 km2
1 m2 = 10.764 ft2 = 1.196 yd2 (approximately 1.2 yd2)
1 ha = 2.4 71 acres (approximately 2! acres) 1 km2 = 0.386 milel
1 ft3 = 0.028 m3
1 yd3 =0.765 m3
1m3 = 35.315 ft3 = 1.308 yd3 (approximately 1.3 yd3)
1 ft3 = 28.32litre (1000 litre= 1m3)
1 gal= 4.546litre llitre = 0.220 gal (approximately 4! litre to the gallon)
1lb = 0.454 kg (kilogram) 1 cwt = 50.80 kg (approximately 50 kg) 1 ton= 1.016t[l tonne= 1000kg=0.984ton] 1 kg= 2.205lb (approximately 2-!-lb)
llb/ft3 = 16.019 kg/m3
1 kg/m3 = 0.062lb/ft3
1 ft/s = 0.305 m/s 1 mile/h = 1.609 km/h
1 therm= 105.506MJ 1 Btu= 1.055 kj
340
Thermal 1 Btu/ft2 h °F = 5.678 W /m2 °C conductivity
Temperature X°F=t(x-32)°C
Pressure
X°C=-!x+ 32°F 0 °C = 32 °F (freezing) 5°C=41 °F
10 °C =50 °F (rather cold) 15 °C = 59°F 20°C= 68 °F (quite warm) 25°C=77°F 30 °C = 86 °F (very hot)
1lbf/in.2 = 0.0069 N/mm2 = 6894.8 N/m2
(1 MN/m2 = 1 N/mm2)
1lbf/ft2 = 47.88 N/m2
1 tonf/in. 2 = 15.44 MN/m2
1 tonf/ft2 = 107.3 kN/m2
For speedy but approximate conversions
1 lbf/ftl = kN/m2 hence 40 lbf/ft2 = 2 kN/m2
20,
and tonf/ft2 = kN/m2 x 10, hence 2 tonf/ft2 = 20 kN/m2
341
Floor loadings office floors - general usage: 50 lbf/ft2 = 2.50 kN/m2
office floors- data-processing equipment: 70 lbf/ft2 = 3.50 kN/m2
factory floors: 100 lbf/ft2 = 5.00 kN/m2
Safe bearing 1 tonf/ft2 = 107.25 kN/m2
capacity 2 tonf/ft2 = 214.50 kN/m2
of soU 4 tonf/ft2 = 429.00 kN/m2
Stresses 100 lbf/in.2 = 0.70 MN/m2
in 1000 lbf/in. 2 = 7.00 MN/m2
concrete 3000 lbf/in.2 = 21.00 MN/m2
6000 lbf/in.2 = 41.00 MN/m2
Costs £1/m2 = £0.092/ft2
1 shilling (5p)/ft2 = £0.538/m2
£1/ft2 = £10. 764/m2 (approximately £11/m2)
£2.50/ft2 = £27/m2
£5/ft2 = £54Im2
£7.50/ft2 = £81/m2
£10/ftl = £108/m2
Y-.1 ~
N
APPE
NDIX
2: OC
CUPA
NCY
COST
ANA
LYSIS
: HOM
E FO
R TH
E AG
ED
(BUILD
ING M
AINTE
NANC
E CO
ST IN
FORM
ATION
SER
VICE)
BU
ILD
ING
TYP
E:
Old
Peo
ple'
s Ho
me i
n U
rban
Are
a O
WN
ER/O
CC
UPI
ER:
Soci
al S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent
REG
ION
: In
land
Pro
vinc
ial
Town
D
ATE
OF
EREC
TIO
N:
1968
UPPE
R M
AN
AG
EMEN
T C
RIT
ERIA
To h
ave
brig
ht a
nd c
omfo
rtab
le s
urro
undi
ngs
for
resi
dent
s;
Safe
ty o
f pe
rson
nel;
To k
eep
wit
hin
pred
eter
min
ed c
ost
leve
ls;
To m
aint
ain
a C
apit
al A
sset
.
Estim
ate:
Cos
t co
ntro
l:
BU
DG
ET P
RO
CED
UR
E Fo
reca
st e
stim
ates
of
mai
nten
ance
rec
omm
ende
d by
the
Cou
nty
Arc
hite
ct a
re p
repa
red
annu
ally
and
the
se a
re
subm
itted
to
the
Dir
ecto
r of
Soc
ial
Serv
ices
for
app
rova
l.
Com
petit
ive
tend
ers
are
invi
ted
for
all
mai
nten
ance
wor
ks a
nd i
f w
ithi
n th
e su
ms
incl
uded
in
the
budg
et,
cont
ract
s ar
e pl
aced
. An
y te
nder
s in
exc
ess
of t
he s
um i
nclu
ded
in e
stim
ates
are
rev
iew
ed b
y th
e Co
mm
ittee
and
onl
y ap
prov
ed i
f th
e ad
diti
onal
fin
ance
can
be
met
from
sav
ings
fro
m o
ther
ite
ms.
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T A
ND
OPE
RA
TIO
N
Res
pons
ibil
ity:
R
espo
nsib
ilit
y fo
r th
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f al
l Co
trnty
Cou
ncil
's p
rope
rtie
s is
ves
ted
in t
he C
ount
y A
rchi
tect
. T
otal
est
ate:
Th
e bu
ildi
ngs
whi
ch f
orm
the
sub
ject
of
this
par
ticu
lar
surv
ey a
re t
he m
ain
buil
ding
, ga
rage
blo
ck a
nd
hand
ym<m
's ho
use.
R
outin
e in
spec
tion
s:
Reg
ular
vis
its
are
mad
e to
the
pre
mis
es b
y B
uild
ing
Surv
eyor
s of
the
Cou
nty
Arc
hite
ct's
Dep
artm
ent,
but
min
or m
aint
enan
ce i
s ca
rrie
d ou
t on
a r
equi
siti
on b
asis
by
the
head
of
the
prem
ises
. Pa
inti
ng f
requ
enci
es:
The
prem
ises
are
nor
mal
ly r
epai
nted
ext
erna
lly
ever
y fi
ve y
ears
and
int
erna
lly
ever
y se
ven
or e
ight
yea
rs.
Cos
t re
cord
s an
d fe
edba
ck:
The
Dir
ecto
r of
Soc
ial
Serv
ices
has
a s
taff
who
kee
p a
cons
tant
che
ck o
n ex
pend
iture
to
ensu
re t
hat
it i
s co
ntai
ned
wit
hin
the
budg
et.
Dir
ectl
y em
ploy
ed l
abou
r:
The
only
dir
ectl
y em
ploy
ed l
abou
r is
a m
obile
tea
m o
f gr
ound
smen
ope
rati
ng u
nder
the
dir
ecti
on o
f th
e Cm
rnty
Est
ates
Off
icer
and
Val
uer.
Wor
k do
ne b
y DE
L:
NIL%
and
con
trac
ted
out
100%
Fo
rms
of c
ontr
act:
St
anda
rd f
orm
of
fixe
d pr
ice
cont
ract
dev
ised
by
the
Coun
ty C
ounc
il C
ontr
act
supe
rvis
ion:
All
bui
ldin
g w
ork
is c
arri
ed o
ut u
nder
the
dir
ecti
on o
f th
e Co
unty
Arc
hite
ct's
Div
isio
nal
Bui
ldin
g Su
rvey
or a
nd s
uper
vise
d by
the
Are
a B
uild
ing
Surv
eyor
con
cern
ed.
~
""'"' ~
BU
ILD
ING
FU
NC
TIO
N
Spac
e us
e:
Main
use
s; r
esid
enti
al a
ccom
mod
atio
n, b
edro
oms,
sitt
ing
room
s, di
ning
adm
inis
trat
ion
etc
Num
ber
of o
ccup
ants
: O
rigi
nall
y de
sign
ed f
or 4
0 re
side
nts
with
two
uni
ts o
f fa
mily
acc
omm
odat
ion
for
Mat
ron
and
Ass
ista
nt
Mat
ron
and
one
hand
yman
. D
esig
n cr
iter
ia:
The
buil
ding
was
ere
cted
as
an O
ld P
eopl
e's
Home
to
conf
orm
to
stan
dard
s la
id d
own
by t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Soc
ial
Serv
ices
.
Stru
ctur
e:
Ext
erna
l w
alls
: W
indow
s: Ro
of:
Inte
rnal
par
titi
ons:
Fl
oor
stru
ctur
e:
Floo
r fi
nish
es:
Fitt
ings
& fi
xtur
es:
Inte
rnal
dec
orat
ion:
FOR
M O
F C
ON
STR
UC
TIO
N
Load
bear
ing
bric
k w
alls
, pr
ecas
t co
ncre
te f
loor
bea
ms.
Cav
ity b
rickw
ork
and
som
e tim
ber
wind
ow w
alli
ng.
He ta
l T
iled
and
low
pit
ched
ove
r m
ain
bloc
k, f
lat
and
asph
alt
cove
red
over
sin
gle
stor
ey.
Mai
nly
light
wei
ght
bloc
k.
Prec
ast
conc
rete
bea
ms.
Vin
yl t
ilin
g m
ainl
y, q
uarr
y ti
le i
n ki
tche
n.
Fitt
ed w
ardr
obes
and
han
d ba
sins
in
bedr
oom
s Em
ulsio
n an
d vi
nyl
wal
l co
veri
ng.
Ext
erna
l de
cora
tion:
G
loss
pai
nt.
Plum
bing
: Co
pper
and
gal
vani
se.
Hea
ting
and
vent
ilat
ing:
O
il f
ired
low
pre
ssur
e ho
t w
ater
. L
ifts
and
esc
alat
ors:
Ele
ctri
c pa
ssen
ger
lift
to
firs
t fl
oor.
O
ther
M&E
ser
vice
s:
None
Gro
ss f
loor
are
a:
1,69
2 2 m
m2
PAR
AM
ETER
S
Hei
ght
to r
idge
H
eigh
t to
eav
es
6.70
0 m
Sto
reys
abo
ve (
and
incl
udin
g) g
roun
d fl
oor
2 No
. A
rea
of p
itch
ed r
oofs
(on
pla
n)
418
Are
a of
fla
t ro
ofs
(on
plan
) 85
8 m
A
rea
of e
xter
nal
glaz
ing
259
m 2 2
5.26
0 m
Flo
ors
belo
w g
roun
d fl
oor
NIL
Floo
r to
cei
ling
hei
ght
Are
a of
ext
erna
l w
orks
6,
949
m2
CO
tA'II
ENTS
2. 5
90 m
w ......
......
Elem
mt
Tot
al£
FINA
NCIA
L ST
ATEM
ENT
FOR
YEAR
19
72/7
3
Gro
ss f
loor
are
a: ..
. 1.>.?
.9.2 ..
.... m
>
Cos
t per
100
m>
floc.
-ar
ea
Bri
ef d
escr
ipti
on
of
wo
rk
I 0. ~--· &
odop
tetio
ns
IE N
il
IE-N
il
I 1
---------
--
-1.
D
ecor
atio
n 1.
1 Ex
tern
al d
ecor
atio
n 65
3.71
38
.63
1.2
In
tern
al d
eco
rati
on
10
4.94
6.
20
Sub-
tota
l E
75
8.65
£
44.8
3 2.
Fa
lwic
2
1 Ex
ta-n
al w
alls
19
.31
1.14
2.2
Roo
fs
20.9
7 1.
24
'
2.3
O
ther
str
uct
ura
l ite
ms
9.88
0.
59
2.4
F
itti
ng
s &
fix
ture
s 83
.59
4.94
2.5
Inte
rnal
fin
ish
es
18.5
8 1.
10
Sub-
tota
l £
152.
33
£ 9.
01
3.
Ser
vice
s 3.
1 P
lum
bing
& i
nte
rnal
dra
inag
e 40
.12
2.37
3.2
Hea
ting
& v
enti
lati
ng
69.4
7 4.
11
Ser
vici
ng a
nd r
epai
rs t
o b
oil
er b
urne
rs a
nd p
umps
3.3
lift
s &
esc
alat
ors
118.
53
7.01
M
aint
enan
ce s
ervi
ce a
nd n
ew l
ift
safe
ty r
epai
rs
3.4
E
lect
ric
po
wer
& l
igh
tin
g
77.4
4 4.
57
Gen
eral
rep
airs
and
rep
lace
men
ts
3.5
Oth
er M
& E
sur
face
s 42
.00
2.48
R
epai
rs a
nd s
ervi
cing
to
kitc
hen
equi
pmen
t
Sub-
tota
l £
347.
56
E
20.5
4 4.
C
leon
ing
4.1
Win
dow
s 29
.20
1. 73
4.2
Exte
rnal
sur
face
s -
-4.
3 In
tern
al
7,62
9.21
45
0.90
Sub·
tot•
l rJ
,658
.41
£ 45
2.63
UJ
~
v.
5.
Uti
liti
es
5.1
Gas
5.2
Ele
ctri
ci tv
5.3
Fuel
oil
5.4
Solid
fue
l
5.5
W
ater
rat
es
5.6
E
fflu
ents
& d
rain
age
char
ges
Sub·
tota
l
6.
Ad
min
istr
ati
ve
co
sts
6. 1
S
ervi
ces
atte
nd
ants
6.2
Laun
dry
6.3
Port
erag
e
6.4
Secu
rity
6.5
R
ub
bis
h d
isp
osa
l
6.6
Pro
pert
y m
anag
emen
t
Sub·
tota
l
7.
Ove
rhea
ds
7.1
Pro
per
ty i
nsu
ran
ce
7.2
R
ates
Sob-
tota
l
TO
TA
L
Exte
rnal
are
a i\J?
.l.'.'"()J
(.?ClCl
CJn2
8.
Ext4
WIIa
l w
orks
8.1
Rep
airs
& d
eco
rati
on
8.2
E
xter
nal
se
rvic
es
8.3
Cle
anin
g
8.4
G
ard
enin
g
Ext
erna
l W
orks
To
tal
£
210.
59
12.4
5
392.
41
23.1
9
875.
77
51.7
6
--
195.
44
11.5
5
--
1:1.
,674
.21
£ 98
.95
--
417.
13
24.6
5
248.
96
14.7
1
248.
96
14.7
1
--
--
£ 91
5.05
£
54.0
7
97.6
4 5.
77
1 ,3
94. 2
5 82
.40
£1
491.
89
£ 88
.17
£12,
998.
10
£ 76
8.20
Ext
erna
l w
orks
C
ost
per
10
0m
2 B
rief
des
crip
tio
n o
f w
ork
Tot
al£
of e
xter
n a
I ar
ea
53.7
0 0.
77
Nil
Nil
£
APPE
NDIX
3: OC
CUPA
NCY
COST
ANA
LYSIS
: OFFI
CE B
LOCK
(BU
ILDING
MAIN
TENA
NCE
COST
INFO
RMAT
ION S
ERVIC
E) B
UIL
DIN
G T
YPE:
OF
FICE
BLO
CK
OW
NER
/OC
CU
PIER
: CE
NTRA
L GO
VERN
MENT
REG
ION
: ST
EVEN
AGE,
HERT
FORD
SI-IIR
E D
ATE
OF
EREC
TIO
N:
1964
UPPE
R M
AN
AG
EMEN
T C
RIT
ERIA
The
buil
ding
is
mai
ntai
ned
to e
nsur
e th
e he
alth
, sa
fety
and
wel
fare
of
the
staf
f in
ord
er t
o pr
eser
ve a
hig
h le
vel
of e
ffic
ienc
y in
dea
ling
wit
h m
embe
rs of
the
pub
lic
and
to r
eali
se t
he b
uild
ing'
s ec
onom
ic l
ife,
est
imat
ed t
o be
60
yea
rs.
BU
DG
ET P
RO
CED
UR
E
Est
imat
e:
Est
imat
es a
nnua
lly
for
mai
nten
ance
job
s ov
er £
250,
rem
aind
er f
rom
bul
k es
tim
ate
cove
ring
all
bui
ldin
gs i
n de
pot
esta
te a
nd b
ased
on
expe
ndit
ure
in t
he p
revi
ous
year
s.
Bud
get:
Ann
ual
prov
isio
n of
fun
ds b
ased
on
esti
mat
es.
Cos
t C
ontr
ol:
Yea
rly
com
pute
r pr
into
ut o
f ex
pend
iture
on
the
buil
ding
. tt
mth
ly r
evie
w t
o re
conc
ile
expe
ndit
ure
and
com
mitm
ent
wit
h bu
dget
.
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T A
ND
OPE
RA
TIO
N
Res
pons
ibil
ity:
~bin D
epot
Sup
erin
tend
ent
Tot
al e
stat
e:
All
Cen
tral
Gov
ernm
ent
buil
ding
s w
ithi
n D
epot
Are
a co
veri
ng m
ainl
y N
& E
Her
tfor
dshi
re a
nd
Stev
enag
e d
istr
icts
. R
outin
e in
spec
tion
s:
Yea
rly.
Pa
inti
ng f
requ
enci
es:
Ext
erna
l 4
yrs.
In
tern
al 8
yrs
. C
ost
reco
rds
and
feed
back
: A
nnua
l co
mpu
ter
prin
tout
of
mai
nten
ance
cos
t on
eac
h co
ded
buil
ding
. D
irec
tly
empl
oyed
lab
our:
A
ppro
x 4
hour
s pe
r w
eek.
Trad
es:
Boi
ler
Att
enda
nt
Nun
ber:
I 1
Ince
ntiv
e sc
hem
es:
Whe
re t
he d
irec
tly
empl
oyed
lab
our
forc
e is
ltli
ed .
~Q ••
~ is
add
ed t
o ba
sic
labo
ur r
ates
and
cos
t of
mat
eria
ls e
x-st
ore.
W
ork
done
by
DEL
.. l .
. % an
d co
ntra
cted
out
•.•
•• %
I
Form
s of
con
trac
t: M
easu
rec
and
Day
wor
k Te
rm C
ontr
acts
and
com
peti
tive
ten
der
Con
trac
t su
perv
is,o
n: B
y lle
pot
Tec
hnic
al S
taff
~--·-------
I
BU
ILD
ING
FU
NC
TIO
N
Spac
e U
se:
C,ov
ernm
ent
Dep
arm
ent
Off
ices
(87
t O
ffic
e Sp
ace,
7%
Publ
ic S
pace
, 6%
Sta
ff f
acil
itie
s)
Num
ber
of o
ccup
ants
: 40
0 st
aff
Des
ign
crit
eria
:
Chan
ge o
f us
e:
Stru
ctur
e:
Ext
erna
l w
alls
: W
indow
s Ro
of:
Inte
rnal
par
titi
ons:
Fl
c·•or
str
uctu
re:
Floo
r fi
nish
es:
Cen
tral
Gov
ernm
ent
adm
inis
trat
ion
N/A
FOR
M O
F C
ON
STR
UC
TIO
N
Con
cret
e fr
ar1e
. ~bin el
evat
iort
. Pr
e-ca
st c
one.
pan
els.
En
d el
evat
ion
pate
nt c
oncr
ete
prof
iled
blo
ck a
t gr
ound
lev
el
with
fac
ing
bric
ks a
bove
· G
alva
nise
d st
eel
pain
ted.
A
sJ.lh
alt
on s
cree
d on
cas
t in
-sit
u co
ncre
te s
lab.
H
am p
arti
tion
s -
ligh
twei
ght
bloc
k pl
aste
red.
R
emai
nder
-"P
arar
ount
" or
sim
ilar
. C
ast
in s
itu
con
cret
e.
Fit
ting
s an
d fi
xtur
es:
Gen
eral
ly l
ino
wit
h so
me
viny
l ti
les.
Te
rraz
zo t
o to
ilet
s, s
tair
s an
d la
ndin
gs.
Bui
lt i
n so
ftwoo
d ca
shie
rs d
esks
. ~~tal gr
ille
s ov
er.
Inte
rnal
dec
orat
ion:
E
ruls
ion
wal
ls.
Oil
pai
nt w
oodw
ork.
E
xter
nal
deco
ratio
n:
Oil
pai
nt t
o w
indo
ws
and
fram
es.
Plum
bing
: Se
rvic
es c
oppe
r pi
pe.
Wat
er m
ain
cast
iro
n.
Dra
inag
e ca
st i
ron.
H
eatin
g an
d ve
ntil
atin
g: 2
l\o.
Oil
fir
ed L
01v P
ress
ure
hot
wat
er b
oile
rs e
ach
1,55
4,00
0kJ
(tot
al 3
,108
,000
kJ)
1 lio
. 8
pass
enge
r 54
4 kg
. 1
Ko.
10 p
asse
nger
/goo
ds 7
14 k
g.
Lif
ts a
nd e
scal
ator
s:
Oth
er M
& E
serv
ices
: N
il
Gro
ss f
loor
are
a:
5515
Are
a of
pit
ched
roo
fs (
on p
lan)
••.
•.•.
•..
Are
a of
fla
t ro
ofs
(on
plan
) .•
•.•.
. !~~
~ ..
Are
a of
,ext
erna
l gl
azin
g ••
••••
•..•
!~?~
..
PAR
AM
ETER
S
m2
Hei
ght
to r
idge
2
J!l m2
!I
eigh
t to
eav
es .
. l3,
0 ••
.•..
ll
.O
m
m
m2
Are
a of
ext
erna
l wo
rks~
~?~ •
• m2
CO
MM
ENTS
Stor
eys
abov
e (a
nd i
nclu
ding
gro
und
floo
r).4
.• N
o. Fl
oors
bel
ow g
roun
d fl
oor
.!.~~~~!~~-~~~~l ..
No.
Floo
r to
cei
ling
hei
ght
.•. ~'
:'. ~1
!1 •••
••••
••••
••••
•
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
ll
Oth
er r
elev
ant
data
: lt
:tor
ised
sto
rage
rac
king
ins
tall
ed f
or L
and
Reg
istr
y at
cos
t of
£7,
000.
w
ould
be
take
n aw
ay i
f bu
ildi
ng u
se c
hang
ed.
This
is
rem
ovab
le a
nd
w ~
00
Elem
..,t
0.
lmpr
ovan
ento
& -
.,ca
tio
ns
1.
Dec
orat
ion
1.1
Ext
ern
al d
eco
rati
on
1.2
Inte
rnal
dec
ora
tio
n Su
b-to
tal
z. f*
ic
2.1
l;.lct
... na
l w
alls
2.2
Roof
s
2.3
O
ther
str
uct
ura
l ite
ms
2.4
Fit
tin
gs
& f
ixtu
res
2.5
Inte
rnal
fin
ish
es
Sub-
tota
l
3.
Ser
vice
s 3.
1 P
lum
bing
& i
nter
nal
ck'a
inag
e
3.2
Hea
ting
& v
entil
atin
g
3.3
Lift
s. &
esc
alat
ors
3.4
Elec
tric
pow
er &
lig
htin
g
3.5
Oth
er M
& E
surf
aces
Sub-
tota
l
4.
Cle
anin
g 4.
1 W
indo
ws
4.2
E
xter
nal
su
rfac
es
4.3
lnt!J
'nal
Sub-
tota
l
Tota
l £
£ 83
5.10
-26
90.0
0
£
- -47
3.00
42.0
0
437.
61
£
522.
ll
237.
87
50.0
0
81.8
5 -£
266.
80
-43
94.0
0
£
NOTE
: N
umbe
r o
f oc
cupa
nts
incr
ease
d to
5CO
FINA
NCIA
L ST
ATEM
ENT
FOR
YEAR
. ~9 .
?~(3 ..
... .
Gro
ss f
loor
•ea
: ...
. 5.5 ~
~ .....
.. m
'
Cos
t per
100
m'
Brie
f de
scri
ptio
n of
wor
k flo
or
area
£ 15
.14
Supp
ly a
nd f
ix a
ir c
ondi
tion
ers.
A
lter
par
titi
on
s.
-
53.6
7 G
ener
ally
thr
ough
out
2960
.00
£ 53
.67
- - 8.58
S
tair
rep
airs
0. 76
Su
ndry
not
iceb
oard
s pr
ovid
ed
7.93
P
last
er r
epai
rs p
rio
r to
re-
deco
rati
on
952.
61
£ 17
.27
9.47
H
ygie
ne t
reat
men
t.
Che
ck a
nd r
ewas
her
taps
.
4.31
B
oile
r fi
ttin
gs,
hea
ting
con
trol
s, c
heck
fue
l ga
uges
, re
pai
r va
lves
. 0.
91
lift
gat
es r
epai
red.
1.48
T
raci
ng a
nd r
epai
ring
fau
lts.
In
stal
l 13
arnp
soc
ket
ou
tlet
s.
-
891.
83
£ 16
.17
4.84
By
cli
ent
cont
ract
.
-No
off
icia
l pr
ovis
ion.
79.6
7 By
cli
ent
cont
ract
4660
.80
£ 84
.51
w ~
\0
5.
Uti
liti
es
5.1
Gas
5.2
Elec
trici
ty
5.3
Fuel
oil
5.4
Solid
fuel
5.5
W
ater
rat
es
5.6
E
fflu
ents
&:
dra
inag
e ch
arg
es
Sub
-tot
al
6.
Adm
inis
trat
ive
cost
s 6.
1 S
ervi
ces
atte
ndan
ts
6.2 Laun~
6.3
Porte
rage
6.4
Secu
rity
6.5
Rubb
ish d
ispos
al
6.6
Prop
erty
man
agem
ent
Sub
-tot
al
7.
Ovl
ll'ha
ods
7.1
Pro
per
ty i
nsu
ran
ce
7.2
Rates
Sub
-tot
al
TO
TA
L
Exter
nal a
rea
.... ~~8
.5 ...
....
. m'
8.
Ext
amo
lwar
ka
8.1
Repa
irs &
dec
orat
ion
8.2
E
xter
nal
serv
ices
8.3
Clea
ning
8.4
Gar
deni
ng
Ex
-1 W
orks
Tot
al
145.
00
1643
.00
2200
.00
-
845.
00
-£
4833
.00
-
190.
98
-
1034
.80 -
2~81.56
£ 34
07.3
4
-8,
828.
52
£ 18
,828
.52
£36,
534.
10
Ext
erna
l w
orks
To
tal£
59.5
8
460.
35
-87
.56
£ 60
7.49
I 2.
63
Coo
king
29.7
9 G
ener
al
39.8
9 H
eati
ng
-
15.3
3 M
eter
ed s
uppl
y
-£
87.6
4
-(D
EL B
oile
r ho
use
atte
ndan
t no
t in
clud
ed)
3.46
By
con
trac
t
-18
.76
Nig
ht W
atchm
an
-No
1111
al ru
bbis
h co
vere
d by
cle
anin
g (i
tem
4. 3
) &
rat
es
(7. 2
) pa
per
rubb
ish
by c
ontr
act
at n
o co
st.
39.5
6
I £
61.7
8
-No
ins
uran
ce .
I 34
1.41
A
sses
sed
cont
ribu
tion
.
£ 34
1.41
£
662.
45
Cos
t pe
r 10
0 m
2 B
rief
des
crip
tion
of w
ork
of e
xter
nal
area
1.27
Fe
nce
repa
irs,
roa
d m
arki
ngs.
9.83
D
rain
rep
airs
.
- 1.87
G
rass
cut
ting
.
£ 12
.97
APPENDIX 4: CLASSIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS AND REPAIRS
Primary Code
1. External decoration 2. Internal decoration 3. Main structure
4. Internal construction
5. Finishes and fittings
6. Plumbing and sanitary services
7. Mechanical services including heating and ventilation and gas installations
Secondary Code
31. Foundations and basements 32. Frame 33. External walls, chimneys and flues
(excluding boiler flues) 34. External windows and doors includ-
ing glazing 35. Roofstructure 36. Roof coverings 3 7. Rooflights and glazing 38. Gutters and ramwater pipes
41. Ground floors (where not part of foundation slab)
42. Upper floors 43. Staircases and steps 44. Internal walls and partitions 4 5. Doors and screens including glazing
51. Ceiling finishes 52. Wall finishes 53. Floor finishes 54. Shelves, built-in furniture and
miscellaneous joinery 55. Ironmongery 56. Cloakroom and similar miscellaneous
fittings
61. Cold water service pipes, storage tanks, cisterns and valves
62. Hot water service pipes, storage tanks and cylinders, domestic boilers, valves and insulation
63. Sanitary fittings including taps and traps
64. Waste, soil and vent pipes
71. Boilers, firing, instrumentation and automatic controls, flues
72. Steam and hot water distribution including heat exchangers and heating appliances
Source: Department of the Environment, Maintenace Manuals for Buildings (H.M.S.O., 1970).
350
Primary Code Secondary Code
8. Electrical services and kitchen equipment (all types)
9. External and civil engineering works
0. Miscellaneous and ancillary works
73. Workshop equipment, lifting appliances and special industrial equipment
74. External water supply, treatment and storage plant
75. Lifts 76. Air conditioning, ventilation and
refrigeration 77. General utilities 78. Gas installations and equipment
(except kitchen equipment)
81. Electrical generation and prime movers
82. Electrical transmission and distribution
83. Electrical installations (wiring switch and control gear)
84. Electrical appliances and fittings (except kitchen equipment)
85. External lighting and airfield lighting 86. Lightning protection, EL V systems
and equipment 87. Kitchen equipment
91. Roads, car parks, parade grounds, hardstandings and runways
92. Paths, playgrounds and general paved areas
93. Fences, gates and boundary walls 94. Drains and ditches 9 5. Sewage disposal 96. Water storage tanks and reservoirs 97. Railway tracks, platform docks,
wharves and jetties, sea defence walls
98. Horticultural and arboricultural works
99. Miscellaneous external works
01. Adaptations and minor new works 02. Replacement of fire damage 03. Routine cleaning
351
INDEX
Abstracting 193 Accounts 215-16, 24Q-1, 247, 310-11 Agrement certificates 173-4 Air conditioning 125-6 Air locks 123 Air seasoning 68 Alkali resistant primers 114 Alterations, examples of 144-9
grants for 152-6 pricing of 213-15 scope of 141-52 sequence of 151-2
Aluminium sheeting 53 Ambrosia beetles 7 4 Analyses 285, 342-5 Antiquities 242 Approximate quantities estimates 201
-2, 204-5 Arbitration 242 Architect, access for 233
functions of 229 instructions of 231-2
Articles of agreement 227, 231 Asphalt floors 77 Asphalt measurement 196-7 Asphalt roofs 83-4, 332 Asphalt tanking 36 Assignment 235 Avoidable maintenance 2
Ball valves 119, 121 Garston 121
Banwell report 226 Bark pocket 69 Basements 35-6
353
Bedrock costs 274, 275 Billing 193-4 Bills of quantities 190-4, 228 Bills of quantities contracts 223 Bitumen-felt roofs 82-3, 333 Bituminous paints 57-8 Blistering of paintwork 111, 336 Block plans 260 Bloom 113 Blowing of plaster 101 Boiler, chimneys for 63-4, 124
hot-water 124 Bonus payments 317-18, 319 Boundaries 269 Boundary walls 39 Breakdown maintenance 277 Bricks, requirements for 330-1
specification of 178, 182 types of 42-3
Brickwork, cracks in 47-9 defects in 42-8 frost action on 46, 331 measurement of 195-6 moisture penetration in 55-7 mortars for 43-4, 48, 50, 331 pricing of 209-11 settlement of 46-7 specification of 187-9 stability of 47 stains in 45 sulphate attack on 45-6 supervision of 330-2
British Standards 170-2 Budgeting 273-7 Builders' accounts 215-16,24Q-1,247,
310-11
354 Index
Building, dangerous 265-6 inspection of 267-8 setting out of 325-6 supervision of 323-38
Building contracts 4, 221-4 Building control 249, 267-8 Building control officer 230, 267-8 Building incentive schemes 316-19 Building lines 265 Building Maintenance Cost Information
Service 285, 342-5 Building maintenance depots 298-9 Building managers 315 Building notices 267-8 Building operatives 315-16 Building records 283, 338 Building regulations 249-54 Building regulations applications 251-
3 Building regulations registers 253, 254,
267 Building reports 163-4 Building supervisors 315 Building surveyors 8, 315
Cables 126 Carpentry, supervision of 333-4
timbers 75, 79-80 Carpets 78 Catalogues 174, 312-13 Cement paint 57 Cement rubber latex flooring 78 Cellar fungus 71, 72 Certificates 220, 239-40, 244-5 Cesspools 129 Chain link fences 39 Chalkiness 101 Check 69 Chestnut pale fences 38 Chimneys 61-4 Chipped grain 70 Chlorinated rubber paint 57 Claddings 41-2, 52-3 Claims 245-6 CLASP 29 Clay floor tiles 77 Clean Air Act 266
Cleaning, execution of 135-6 Cleaning cycles 280-1, 305 Cleaning facilities 136 Cleaning frequencies 136 Cleaning of brickwork 49 Cleaning of flooring 136-7 Cleaning of kitchens 137 Cleaning of sanitary appliances 137 Cleaning of stonework 51-2 Cleaning of windows 136 Cleaning schedule 289 Clerk of works 230, 233, 323-5 Climbing plants 49 Close boarded fences 38 Code for the Measurement of Building
Work in Small Dwellings 191, 194-9
Codes of practice 172-3 Colourless repellent liquids 51 Colourless stone preservatives 51 Colourless waterproofers 58 Committed costs 275 Common furniture beetle 73, 74, 80 Completion 235, 236-7 Composite price rates 202, 204-5 Computer 282, 312-13 Concrete, aggregates for 330
curing of 229-30 gauging of 329 laying of 329 measurement of 195 mixing of 328-9, 330 pricing of 208-9 reinforcement of 329 specification of 182 supervision of 328-30
Concrete beds 76 Concrete flags 37-8 Concrete foundations 26-7, 328 Concrete frames 53-4 Concrete panels 52-3 Concrete paving 37 Concrete roof tiles 81 Condensation 58-61 Conduits 126 Coniophora cerebella 71, 72 Construction Industry Training Board
314
Contingency sum 182 Contract, building 220-1
conditions of 180-1 cost plus 221-2 determination of 237-8 Faculty of Architects and Sur-
veyors 243 form of 217-20 JCT conditions of 231-42 lump sum 223 maintenance 224-5 measure and value 222-3 package deal 223-4 parties involved in 229-30 remedies for breach of 219-20 schedule 222-3 target cost 222 types of 221-4 validity of 218-19
Contract documents 227-9, 232, 244 Contract drawings 228-9 Contract labour 296-8 Contract for minor works 242-3 Contract procedures 243-7 Contractor 229-30, 238 Conversions, grants for 153-4
scope of 148-9 Copper roofs 84, 333 Cork tiles 78 Cost analyses 285, 342-5 Cost benefit analysis 158-60 Cost classification 283-4 Cost control 276-7, 282, 283 Cost discounting 17, 19 Cost in use 15-19, 290 Cost plus contracts 221-2 Cost records 283-5 Cost yardsticks 12-13 Cowls 63 Cracks, causes of 11-12 Cracks in asphalt 83 Cracks in brick walls 47-8 Cracks in concrete and calcium silicate
bricks 49 Cracks in external renderings 106 Cracks in plaster 98, 99, 102 Cracks in shrinkable clay 22, 24, 25 Cracks in wall claddings 41-2
Index 355
Critical path method 313-14 Cube estimates 200-1 Cupping 70 Cycles, cleaning 280-1, 305
painting 108-9, 279-80 services 303
Damages 219, 237 Dampness, causes of 54-6
treatment of 56-8 Damp-proofing, specification of 182-
3, 189 Damp-proofing methods 56, 332 Dangerous buildings 265-6 Daywork 245, 310-11 Dead shores 25, 31-3, 35 Deadwood 69 Death watch beetle 73, 74 Decorations 107-14 Defective Premises Act 5, 267 Defects liability period 243 Demolition work 327-8 Department of the Environment 10 Depots 299-301
mobile 300-1 Design of buildings 12-14 Determination 237-8 Development 256 Development plans 258-9 Dew point 58 Dilapidations, liability for 160-1 Dilapidations schedule preparation
161-2, 166-7 Direct labour 296-8 Discoloration 112 Discounting costs 17, 19 District surveyor 230 Doors, defects in 95-7, 334
security of 130 specification of 185
Doorway, pricing of 214-15 Dormers 148 Dote 70 Double glazed windows 88, 89, 115 Dovecote 63 Drainage, defects in 128-9
easements for 269
356 Index
Drainage continued French 57 inspection of 267 land 57 measurement of 199 sealing old 327 setting out 326, 337 specification of 187 supervision of 337-8 testing 337-8
Drawings 228-9 Dry rot 68, 70-1, 72, 75, 80, 93-4
Easements 268-9 Economic life 11 Efflorescence 44-5, 100 Electrical installations, disconnecting
old services 327 fire risks in 131-2 measurement of 198
Electrical installations as PC item 187 Electrical installations regulations 267 Electrical installations requirements
126-7 Electro-osmosis damp-proofing 56 Elemental classification 350-1 Employer 229, 237-8 Emulsion paint 57 Enforcement notices 268 Engineered costs 275 Engineers 229 Entire contracts 220 Environmental works 155 Estimates, approximate 200-2, 204-5
approximate quantities 201-2, 204-5
conditions of 206 cube 200-1 floor area 200 preparation of 202-15 schedule of claim 166-7 storey enclosure 201 unit 201
Excavation, inspection of 267 measurement of 195 pricing of 207-8 supervision of 328
timbering to 328 Extension of time 237 Extractor fans 60, 61 Extraordinary traffic 265
Factories Acts 1, 2, 266 Faculty of Architects and Surveyors
short form of contract 243 Failures 14, 41 Fair wages 235 Fair wear and tear 161 Fencing, maintenance of 38-9
measurement of 199 Filters 125 Final account 247 Finishings 107 Fire alarms 133, 292 Fire precautions 131-4 Fire fighting arrangements 134 Fire fighting equipment 132-4, 292 Fire hazards 131-2 Fire insurance 292 Fire precautions 131-4 Fire Precautions Act 267 Fireplace, closing openings 64 Flanking transmission 85 Flashings 80 Flats 146, 147 Flood damage 137-8 Floor, floating 86, 121
hardwood strip 78 solid 76 sound insulation of 86 specification of 184, 186 suspended timber 75-6, 333-4 thermal insulation to 87 wood block 78
Floor area estimates 200 Floor cleaning 136 Floor coverings 76-9 Floor levels 326 Floor noises 75 Floor seals 78-9 Floor strutting 31, 35, 75 Floor tiles 77 Fluctuations 241, 246-7 Flue liners 46, 63
Flying shores 25, 32, 34 Food cupboards 185-6 Food Hygiene Regulations 266 Foreman 230, 233 Formula price adjustment 246-7 Foundations, inspection of 267
levels of 326 pedatified 30-1 requirements of 26-7
French drains 57 Frost precautions, brickwork 46, 331
concrete 24, 27 plumbing 119-21
Full cell process 68 Fungal attack 70-1, 333 Furniture beetle 73, 74, 80 Furring 124
Gantries 327 Garston ball valve 121, 123 Gas installations 127-8 General development order 257, 259 Glass 115, 184 Glazing, measurement of 198-9
pricing of 211-12 supervision of 336
Glazing requirements 114-15 Granolithic floors 76 Grants, buildings and plant 290-2
improvement 152-6 payment of 155-6
Grass cutting 38 Gravel 36 Grit blasting 51 Ground beams 30 Gutters 80, 333
Hand pumps 134 Health and Safety at Work Act 6 Heating requirements 60, 61 Heating systems 124, 144 High alumina cement 54 Highways Act 264-5 Hoardings 327 Hot water supply 123-4, 336-7 House longhorn beetle 73, 74, 80
Index 357
Hygrometer 60
Improvement, environmental works 155
Improvement grants 152-6 Improvement lines 265 Improvements, scope of 141-52 Incentive schemes 316-19 Incinerators 128 Industrial development certificates
258 Information systems 282-3 Injunction 219-20 Injury to persons and property 235-6 Insect attack 71, 73-4 Insecticides 73, 74 Inspection chambers 338 Inspection cycles 278-9 Inspection of building work 267-8 Insulation, sound 84-7
thermal 60, 87-9, 266, 333 Insurance 236,290-2 Intermediate grants 154-5 Internal finishings 107 Interstitial condensation 58, 61, 88 Iron 98 Ironmongery 97 Ivy 49
Jacking 30 Job cards 308 Joinery, defects in 93-7
measurement of 197 pricing of 211 supervision of 334
Joint Contracts Tribunal 227
Kiln seasoning 68 Kitchen cleaning 136 Kitchen improvements 143, 185-6 Knots 69 Knotting 111, 335
Labour, direct 296-8 oncosts 206-7
358 Index
Land drains 57 Layout plans 260 Lead roofs 84, 333 Liability for maintenance 4-6 Lichens 49 Lifts 129 Lighting 127 Linoleum 77 Lives of buildings 10-11, 16 Local government operational research
unit 6, 83, 279 Local plans 259 Lofts 148 Luminaires 127 Lump sum contracts 223 Lyctus powder post beetle 73, 74
Magnesium oxychloride floorings 78 Maintenance, avoidable 2
breakdown 277 budgeting for 273-7 computerised 282 definition of 1 economics of 19-20 elemental classification of 350-1 nature of 8-10 organisation of 304, 305-13 planned 277-82
corrective 2, 277 preventive 2, 277
predictable 2 shut down 277 significance of 2-3 standards of 272-3 supervision of 323-38 technology of 11-12 training for 314-16 unplanned 2
Maintenance contracts 224-5 Maintenance cost records 283-5 Maintenance cycles 303 Maintenance data 282-5 Maintenance depots 299-301 Maintenance incentive schemes 316-
19 Maintenance liability 4-6 Maintenance manuals 285-90
Maintenance needs 6-7 Maintenance planning 270-l Maintenance policy formulation 27 I-
2 Maintenance programme 301-3, 305,
313-14 Maintenance research 10 Maintenance resources 7-8 Manholes 129, 339 Manuals 285-90 Measure and value contracts 222-3 Measurement procedures 190-9 Measurement units 194-9 Merulius lacrymans 68, 70-1, 72, 75,
80, 93-4 Metalwork, corrosion of 48-9, 97-8
measurement of 198 painting of 110, 111
Metrication 14-15, 340-1 Mining subsidence 29-31 Mobile depots 300-1 MOATS 177 Modernisation of dwellings 144-7 Mortars 43-4, 48, 50, 331 Moulds 49, 100
National Building Specification 175-6 Newtonite 57 NHBC scheme 4 Noises, floor 75
hot water supply 123-4 plumbing 121-2
Normalised level difference 85
Occupancy cost analyses 285, 342-5 Office development permits 258 Offices, Shops and Railway Premises
Act 266 Open cell process 68 Operating costs 274 Organisation 298-9, 304, 305-13 Outline applications 260-1 Overflows 118, 123 Overheads 207 Oxidation 83
Package deal contracts 223-4 Paint primers 111, 114 Paint removers 110 Painting, blistering of 111, 336
defects in 108 discoloration in 112 measurement of 199 metalwork 111 pricing of 205-6, 212-13 quality of 108 specification of 184, 185 supervision of 335-6
Painting asbestos cement 114 Painting cycles 108-9, 279-80 Painting of ceilings 113-14, 336 Painting of masonry 114 Painting of steelwork 110, 111, 335 Painting of walls 113-14, 336 Painting of woodwork 109-13, 335-6 Painting procedures 107-14 Paints, bituminous 57-8
cement 57 chlorinated rubber 57 emulsion 57, 113 specification of 183-4
Paperhanging 336 Paraffin heaters 59 Pattern staining 114 Pavings 36-8 Pebble dashing 57, 103, 104-5, 106 Performance specifications 177-8 Permitted development 257-8 Petroleum storage 266 Pipes, classification of 179
drain 129, 337 easements for 269 service 118, 119, 120, 121, 122,
336-7 Planned corrective maintenance 2,
277 Planned lighting maintenance 127 Planned preventive maintenance 2,
277 Planning, development plans 258-9
permitted development 257-8 Planning applications 259-63 Planning approval 263 Planning certificates 261
Index 359
Planning control 255-63 Planning maintenance 270-1 Planning notices 261, 263, 268 Planning register 261 Plans, block 260
layout 260 site 260
Plant 203, 311-12 Plasterwork, defects in 98-102, 335
measurement of 198 painting of 113-14 pricing of 211 specification of 183 supervision of 335
Plastic repairs to stonework 50-1 Plastics pipes 119 Plastics sheeting 53 Plastics wastes 337 Plumbing, defects in 118-23
measurement of 198 noises in 121-2 single stack 122, 337 supervision of 336-7
Plumbing appliances 122-3, 336 Policy formulation 271-2 Polystyrene 88 Popping of plaster 101 Preambles 194 Predictable maintenance 2 Prefabricated building extensions
149, 151 Preliminaries 175, 180-2, 194, 203,
207 Preservation of timber 68-9 Pricing of alterations 213-15 Pricing of building work 202-13 Pricing of repairs 166-7 Primers 111, 114 Programme, cleaning 280-1
costs 274 maintenance 279, 301-3, 305,
313-14 services 281-2
Proofs of evidence 164-7 Protimeter 60 Public inquiries 263-4 Putty 115, 184 PVC floor tiles 77, 128
360 Index
Quantity surveyor 229 Quantum meruit 220
Raking shores 25, 32, 33-4, 35 Records, building work 338
clerk of works 324 cost 283-5
Rectification work 9 Refuse collection from flats 128 Rehabilitation, advantages of 156-7
cost benefit studies in 158-60 financing of 157-8
Reinforced concrete 54 Relative humidity 58 Renderings 57, 102-6 Renovations 9 Repairs grants 155 Replacements 9 Reports, clerk of works 325
technical 162-4 Rescission 220 Research 10 Resin pocket 69 Retention money 220, 240 Ribbing 70 Rights, drainage 269
light 268 support 268 way 268-9
Rindgall 69 Ring mains 126 Rising damp 55-7 Roofs, asphalt 83-4, 332
bitumen-felt 82-3, 333 copper 84, 333 flashings for 80 flat, construction 81-2 gutters for 80, 333 lead 84, 333 measurement of 197 metal flat 84 moisture penetration in 55 pitched, coverings 80-1, 332
timbers 79-80, 334 pricing of 211 slates 80-1, 332 supervision of 332-3
thermal insulation of 87, 88, 89, 333
tiles 80-1, 332 zinc 84, 333
Roughcast 57, 104-6 Rubber flooring 77
Safety 129-30 Sanitary appliances 121, 122, 336 Schedule contracts 222-3 School conversion 149, 150 Seasoning timber 67-8 Security 130-1 Selective tendering 226 Serial contracting 223 Services, improvement of 143, 144
maintenance of 118-129 programme 281-2
Servicing 8 Setting out 232, 325-6 Settlement 23-7, 27-31, 46-7, 240-1,
247 Shakes 69 Sheeriness 113 Shoring 25, 31-5 Showers 123 Shrinkable clay 23-4, 27-9 Shrinkage, brickwork 49
clay 27 paint 84 plaster 98 timber 67
Shut-down maintenance 277 Siliconate rubber latex 56 Single stack plumbing 122 Site arrangements 203, 205 Site boundaries 269 Site conditions 170 Site huts 203 Site investigations 22 Site meetings 325 Site plans 260 Skirtings, hollow detachable 126-7
roof82 Slates 80-1, 332 Slenderness ratio 47 Smoke detectors 132-3
Smoky chimneys 61-3 Socket outlets 126 Soils 23-6 Sound insulation 84-7 Special grants 155 Specification, drafting of 178-80
National Building 175-6 performance 177-8 purpose of 227-8 sources of information for 169-
74 typical 180-9
Specification format 174-5 Specific performance 219 Split 70 Sprinklers 134, 292 Stable conversion 149, 150 Stains 45, 59, 101 Staircases 79 Standard Method of Measurement of
Building Works 191, 194 Standard times 318 Standards of maintenance 272-3 States of asphalt 83 Statutory requirements 4-6, 232 Steelwork, demolition of 328
measurement of 197-8 painting of 110, 111, 335 setting out 326 treatment of 98 weathering of 54
Steelwork frames 53-4 Stock control 312-13 Stonework, cleaning of 51-2
colourless treatments for 51 defects in 49-50, 332 measurement of 196 repairs to 50-1
Stools 30 Stop notice 268 Storage tanks 121 Stores, computerised 312-13
requisitions 312 Storey enclosure estimates 201 Structural life 11 Structure plans 258-9 Subcontractors 230, 238-9, 245 Sulphate attack 22, 45-6
Index 361
Supervision of maintenance work 323-38
Suppliers 239 Surface condensation 58, 59 Suspended floors 75-6
Taking-off 191-2 Tanks 121 Target cost contracts 222 Target times 318, 319 Tarmacadam 36-7 Taxation 19, 290-2 Tell-tales 28 Tenants' request cards 308 Tendering 221, 225-7
selective 226 Terotechnology 12 Terrazzo floors 76-7 Testing of bricks 330-1 Testing of cement 330 Testing of drains 337-8 Testing of sand 330 Thermal insulation 60, 87-9, 266, 333 Thermoplastic floor tiles 77 Throat restrictor 62 Tie rods 47 Tiles, external wall 106-7
internal wall 183 roof 80-1, 332
Timber, defects in 69-73, 74, 333-4 preservation of 68-9 seasoning of 67-8 specification of 183 treatment of 73-5 types of 67
Timber floors 75-6, 78, 333-4 Timber roofs 79-82, 334 Timber staircases 79 Torn grain 70 Trade catalogues 174 Training, industrial 314 Training of managers 315 Training of operatives 315-16 Training of supervisors 315 Tree roots 24, 25, 29 Trench timbering 328
362 Index
Underpinning 25, 28, 30, 196, 332 Unit estimates 201 Unplanned maintenance 2 Urea formaldehyde resin 88 Use classes 256-7 U-value 60, 87
Valuation tables 17 Vapour barrier 81-2, 88 Variations 233-4, 244 Varnish 111 Ventilation 59, 60, 64, 125-6 Vermiculite 88 Vibration 89
Walls, boundary 39 brick 42-9 cavity 331 defects in 41-2 external tiling on 106-7 insulation of 87-8 light claddings for 52-3 rubble 196 setting out 326 stone 49-52
Waney edge 70
Warp 70 Water buckets 134 Water by-laws 266-7 Water closets 122-3 Water hammer 122, 124 Water spraying 51 Water test 337-8 W eatherboarding 53 Wet rot 71, 72, 79, 94 Windows, cleaning of 136
decay of 93-5 defects in 334 double glazing of 88 security of 130 sound insulation of 85-6 specification of 185 strutting for 25, 31 thermal insulation of 87, 88, 89
Wood block flooring 78 Wood-boring beetles 74 Working up 192-4 W rinkling 114
Yardsticks 12-13
Zinc roofs 84, 333