a study of evaluation criterias for renewable energy resources using frequency analysis through spss...

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary

ISSN 2320 -5083

A Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, Monthly, Open Access, Online Research Journal

Impact Factor – 1.393

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 10 NOVEMBER 2013

A GLOBAL SOCIETY FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

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Editorial Board Dr. Kari Jabbour, Ph.D Curriculum Developer, American College of Technology, Missouri, USA.

Er.Chandramohan, M.S System Specialist - OGP ABB Australia Pvt. Ltd., Australia.

Dr. S.K. Singh Chief Scientist Advanced Materials Technology Department Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology Bhubaneswar, India

Dr. Jake M. Laguador Director, Research and Statistics Center, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Philippines. Prof. Dr. Sharath Babu, LLM Ph.D Dean. Faculty of Law, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Dr.S.M Kadri, MBBS, MPH/ICHD, FFP Fellow, Public Health Foundation of India Epidemiologist Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kashmir, India

Dr.Bhumika Talwar, BDS Research Officer State Institute of Health & Family Welfare Jaipur, India

Dr. Tej Pratap Mall Ph.D Head, Postgraduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich, India.

Dr. Arup Kanti Konar, Ph.D Associate Professor of Economics Achhruram, Memorial College, SKB University, Jhalda,Purulia, West Bengal. India

Dr. S.Raja Ph.D Research Associate, Madras Research Center of CMFR , Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Chennai, India

Dr. Vijay Pithadia, Ph.D, Director - Sri Aurobindo Institute of Management Rajkot, India.

Er. R. Bhuvanewari Devi M. Tech, MCIHT Highway Engineer, Infrastructure, Ramboll, Abu Dhabi, UAE Sanda Maican, Ph.D. Senior Researcher, Department of Ecology, Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Institute of Biology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania Dr. Reynalda B. Garcia Professor, Graduate School & College of Education, Arts and Sciences Lyceum of the Philippines University Philippines Dr.Damarla Bala Venkata Ramana Senior Scientist Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) Hyderabad, A.P, India PROF. Dr.S.V.Kshirsagar, M.B.B.S,M.S Head - Department of Anatomy, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India. Dr Asifa Nazir, M.B.B.S, MD, Assistant Professor, Dept of Microbiology Government Medical College, Srinagar, India. Dr.AmitaPuri, Ph.D Officiating Principal Army Inst. Of Education New Delhi, India Dr. Shobana Nelasco Ph.D Associate Professor, Fellow of Indian Council of Social Science Research (On Deputation}, Department of Economics, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli. India M. Suresh Kumar, PHD Assistant Manager, Godrej Security Solution, India. Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya,Ph.D Assistant Professor, Dept Of Population Studies & Social Work, S.V.University, Tirupati, India.

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULT IDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-5083, Volume 1, Issue 10, November 2013

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A STUDY OF EVALUATION CRITERIAS FOR RENEWABLE ENERG Y RESOURCES USING FREQUENCY ANALYSIS THROUGH SPSS SOFTWARE

DARSH BELANI*

ASHISH H. MAKWANA** JAYESHKUMAR PITRODA***

*Final year M.E. C. E. & M., B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India **Final year M.E. C. E. & M., B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

***Assistant Professor & Research Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT The energy requirements of the world including India are growing at an alarming rate

and the power demand has been running ahead of supply. Nowadays it is also widely

recognized that the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, petroleum and natural gas) and other conventional

resources, presently being used for generation of electrical energy, may not be either

sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing demand of the electrical energy of the

world. It also causes pollution, which is likely to be more severe in the future. The recent

severe energy crisis has also forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of

power generation, which could not be adopted so far due to various reasons. The non-

conventional methods of power generation may be such as solar cells, fuel cells, thermo-

electric generator, solar power generation, wind power generation, geothermal energy

generation, tidal power generation etc. As there are many energy related crisis curbing the

growth of our nation. So in current study efforts are made to carry out study whether

Renewable Energy should be adopted or not. Various criteria like Nuclear Energy Safety,

Non-Renewable resources’ Pollution problem, Sustainable Development, Agricultural

Development, adoption to various easily available Renewable Resources, etc. are taken into

consideration. Thus, in this study efforts are made to consider each class of people so that

opinion regarding adoption of Renewable Energy will not get biased approach.

So, during this study various parameters regarding renewable energy are being identified and

converted into questionnaire to carry out surveys from the society, which will be the best

judge for renewable energy’s adoption. Software like Microsoft Excel & SPSS Statistics 17.0

(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) are adopted to evaluate the responses collected

from the people by frequency distribution analysis.

KEYWORDS: Energy Crisis, Renewable Energy, SPSS, Frequency Distribution Analysis INTRODUCTION

With the increasing demand for energy and growing depletion of resources for energy

generation, a global movement towards production of renewable energy (RE) is being


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thought. Renewable Energy is generated from resources which are renewable or which may

last forever like sunlight, wind, rain, tide, geothermal heat etc. Fossil fuels- the non-

renewable resources take millions of years to form, and reserves are getting depleted much

faster than the new ones being formed.

In recent years, India has emerged as one of the leading destinations for investors

from developed countries. India is now the eleventh largest economy in the world, fourth in

terms of purchasing power. It is poised to make tremendous economic strides over the next

ten years, with significant development already in the planning stages. Considered an

"emerging economy," increasing GDP is driving the demand for additional electrical energy,

as well as transportation fuels. India is a nation of extremes.

The development and deployment of renewable energy, products, and services in India is

driven by the need to

Decrease dependence on energy imports

Sustain accelerated deployment of renewable energy system and devices

Expand cost-effective energy supply

Augment energy supply to remote and deficient areas to provide normative

consumption levels to all sections of the population across the country

And finally, switch fuels through new and renewable energy system/device

deployment.

The objective of the present study is mentioned below:

To study whether Renewable Energy Resources should be adopted or not.

Figure 1: Energy Resources in India


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RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA

India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional

energy resources, in early 1980s. India's cumulative Grid interactive or Grid Tied Renewable

Energy Capacity (excluding Large Hydro) has reached 26.9GW, of which 68.9% comes from

wind, while solar power (SPV) contributed nearly 4.59% of the Renewable Energy installed

capacity in India. Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of

New and Renewable Energy.

Source Total Installed Capacity (MW) Wind Power 19,779.15

Solar Power (SPV) 1,968.84 Small Hydro Power 3,711.75

Biomass Power 1,264.80 Bagasse Cogeneration 2,337.43

Waste to Power 99.08 Total 29,161.05

Solar power

There are two basic categories of technologies that convert sunlight into useful forms of

energy, First, solar photovoltaic (PV) modules convert sunlight directly in to electricity.

Second, solar thermal power systems use focused solar radiation to produces team, which is

then used to turn a turbine producing electricity. India is densely populated and has high solar

insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not

have an electrical grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water

pumping, to begin replacing India's four to five million diesel powered water pumps, each

consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been

proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power

projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gigawatts.

Wind power

Wind has considerable potential as a global clean energy source, being both widely available,

though diffuse, and producing no pollution during power generation. The development of

wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years.

Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US,

domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth

largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010 the installed

capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu

(4132.72 MW), Maharashtra (1837.85 MW), Karnataka (1184.45 MW), Rajasthan (670.97


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MW), Gujarat (1432.71 MW), Andhra Pradesh (122.45 MW), Madhya Pradesh (187.69

MW), Kerala (23.00 MW), West Bengal (1.10 MW), other states (3.20 MW). Wind power

accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity.

Biomass Energy

Biomass is the term used for all organic material originating from plants (including algae),

trees and crops and is essentially the collection and storage of the sun’s energy through

photosynthesis. Biomass energy, or Bioenergy, is the conversion of biomass into useful forms

of energy such as heat, electricity and liquid fuels.

Hydropower

Hydropower is the largest renewable resource used for electricity. It plays an essential role in

many regions of the world with more than 150 countries generating hydroelectric power.

Small, mini and micro hydro plants (usually defined as plants less than 10 MW, 2 MW

and100kW, respectively) also play a key role in many countries like India for rural

electrification.

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy, the natural heat within the earth, arises from the ancient heat remaining

in the Earth's core, from friction where continental plates slide beneath each other, and from

the decay of radioactive elements that occur naturally in small amounts in all rocks. The

amount of geothermal energy is enormous. Scientists estimate that just 1 percent of the heat

contained in just the uppermost 10 kilometers of the earth’s crust is equivalent to 500 times

the energy contained in all of the earth's oil and gas resources. Yet, despite the fact that this

heat is present in practically inexhaustible quantities, it is unevenly distributed, seldom

concentrated and often at depths too great to be exploited industrially and economically.

DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRES

QUESTIONS

1. Do you know what renewable energy is?

2. How important do you think it is to improve the energy efficiency of your home?

3. Please evaluate the importance of promoting the use of renewable energy sources.

4. Can renewable energy solutions lead to a fairer distribution of the World's richest?

5. Will Renewable Energy solve Demand-Supply gap?

6. Is nuclear energy safe?

7. Are you able to pay for increase in Power Tariff, due to shortage of resources?


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8. If there was a grant available, would it encourage you to improve the energy

efficiency of your home?

9. What is your hot water source?

10. How much energy saving lights bulbs & tubes? (Compact Fluorescent Lamps [CFLs]

& T5_T3 light tubes)?

11. What do you use for cooking?

12. Would you consider the application of Solar Panels to utilize solar energy in power

generation for your Household power needs?

13. How much will renewable energy solutions be able to help free us from depending on

the use of petroleum and other fossil fuels?

14. Are you considering these Sustainable Infrastructure resources for the growth of our

country as our country has great scope for such developments??

15. Isn’t renewable energy a better platform for Agricultural Development?

16. How would you consider the development of regions like Kutch by Wind Power

Generation practices?

17. Will Renewable Energy provide better access of electricity to rural regions?

18. What percentage of the global energy consumption do you think we should manage to

provide using renewable energy sources within the next 30 years?

DATA ANALYSIS & DATA INTERPRETATION

Various Parameters that affect on Renewable Energy Resources is found out by preparing a

survey questionnaire.

Data analysis is done in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

(SPSS Statistics 17.0) software.

Different regions of Gujarat state are considered in this study for survey based analysis, such

as Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Nadiad, Anand, Vadodara, Surat.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

A frequency distribution is a table that divides a set of data into a suitable number of

classes, showing also the number of items belonging to each class. Properties of frequency

distribution relating to their shape are best exhibited through the use of graph. The most

common form of graphical presentation of a frequency distribution is the histogram. The

histogram of a frequency distribution is constructed of adjacent rectangles; the heights of the

rectangles represent the class frequencies and the bases of the rectangles extend between

successive classes boundaries.


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TABLE: 2 FREQUENCY TABLE

Sr.

No.

Variables Frequency (%)

Max. Min.

1. Do you know what renewable energy is? 26.7 (1) 13.3(2 & 5)

2. How important do you think it is to improve the energy efficiency

of your home?

36.7 (3) 3.3 (1)

3. Please evaluate the importance of promoting the use of renewable

energy sources.

43.3 (4) 5.0 (2)

4. Can renewable energy solutions lead to a fairer distribution of the

World's richest?

40.0 (4) 1.7 (2)

5. Will Renewable Energy solve Demand-Supply gap? 53.3 (3) 16.7 (4)

6. Is nuclear energy safe? 48.3 (3) 25.0 (4)

7. Are you able to pay for increase in Power Tariff, due to shortage

of resources?

76.7 (3) 3.3 (1)

8. If there was a grant available, would it encourage you to improve

the energy efficiency of your home?

55.0 (3) 11.7 (5)

9. What is your hot water source? 38.3 (2) 18.3 (1& 4)

10. How much energy saving lights bulbs & tubes? (Compact

Fluorescent Lamps [CFLs] & T5_T3 light tubes)?

38.3 (4) 1.7 (1)

11. What do you use for cooking? 55.0 (2) 6.7 (3)

12. Would you consider the application of Solar Panels to utilize solar

energy in power generation for your Household power needs?

83.3 (3) 16.7 (4)

13. How much will renewable energy solutions be able to help free us

from depending on the use of petroleum and other fossil fuels?

70.0 (4) 11.7 (3)

14. Are you considering these Sustainable Infrastructure resources for

the growth of our country as our country has great scope for such

developments??

43.3 (3) 15.0 (4)

15. Isn’t renewable energy a better platform for Agricultural

Development?

46.7 (1) 1.7 (4)

16. How would you consider the development of regions like Kutch

by Wind Power Generation practices?

55.0 (3) 20.0 (2)

17. Will Renewable Energy provide better access of electricity to

rural regions?

53.3 (2) 1.7 (3)

18. What percentage of the global energy consumption do you think

we should manage to provide using renewable energy sources

within the next 30 years?

45.0 (2) 13.3 (1)


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ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCIES

Figure 2: Aware or Not?

1. Yes, very much 2. No 3. Not much 4. To a limited extent 5. Can’t Say As per figure 2, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are mostly aware about renewable energy.

Figure 3: Energy Efficiency at Home 1. Unimportant 2. Important 3. Very important 4. Quite important 5. Can’t Say

As per figure 3, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are very much concerned about energy consumption at their home.


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Figure 4: Importance of Renewable Energy

1. Important 2. Not important 3. Very important 4. Quite important 5. Can’t Say As per figure 4, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are giving quite importance to renewable energy.

Figure 5: Can R.E. Differentiate any Countries Richness

1. Yes, very much 2. No 3. Not much 4. To a limited extent 5. Can’t Say As per figure 5, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that Renewable Energy can differentiate any countries Richness up to some extent.


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Figure 6: Solution to Demand – Supply Gap

1. Yes, very much 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 6, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that Renewable Energy can solve Demand-Supply Gap up to a limited extent.

Figure 7: Is Nuclear Energy Safe?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 7, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are not considering Nuclear Energy a safe option for Energy Generation, may be due to its vulnerability during Natural Disaster & subsequently safety of people in vicinity.


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Figure 8: Able to Pay Increase in Power Tariff

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 8, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are able to pay increase in power tariff. But, some are not able to pay increase in power tariff, which can be curbed by adoption of renewable energy.

Figure 9: Adopt or Not if Grant is Available

1. Yes 2. No 3. Up to some extent 4. Don’t know 5. Can’t Say As per figure 9, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people can afford to renewable energy up to some uses like Solar Awnings, Solar Chargers, etc.at their home, if the grant is available.


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Figure 10: Home Water Source

1. Gas Geyser 2. Electric Geyser 3. Solar Heater 4. Other As per figure 10, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are using Electric Geyser as Hot water source, which can be better utilized in a sustainable way by connecting it with solar appliances.

Figure 11: No. of C.F.L.s & LAMPS; T5_T3s in Home 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. >4 5. None

As per figure 11, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are utilizing energy efficient electrical appliances like CFL, T5 & T3 lights.


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Figure 12: Cooking Source 1. Electricity 2. Gas 3. Solid Fuel 4. Solar Cooker with combination of above

As per figure 12, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are utilizing Gas as a source of cooking, but some are utilizing Solar Cooker with a combination of the other resource. They are also showing interest in adoption of Solar Cooker.

Figure 13: Application of Solar Panels in Your Home

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 13, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are considering the application of solar panels in their home up to a limited extent.


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Figure 14: Reduction in Dependence on Other Energy Sources

1. Yes, very much 2. No 3. Not much 4. To a limited extent 5. Can’t Say As per figure 14, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that renewable resources reduce the dependence on other energy resources like coal, etc. for energy generation.

Figure 15: Scope of Sustainable Infrastructure in Our Country

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 15, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are considering renewable energy as a source of sustainable development in our country.


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Figure 16: Agricultural Development possible or not?

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 16, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that Renewable Energy providesbest alternative for Agricultural Development as it can provide 24*7 energy supply

Figure 17: Rate Development of Regions like Kutch by Wind Power Applications

1. Good 2. Very Good 3. Excellent 4. Worst 5. Can’t Say As per figure 17, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that people are considering development of the region like Kutch as an excellent opportunity of development of such region which is emerging as the best place for utilization of natural resources.


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Figure 18: Better Access to Electricity by Rural Regions

1. Yes 2. No 3. To a limited extent 4. Can’t Say As per figure 18, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that renewable energy will play an important role in development of Rural India by providing 24*7 electricity and all kinds of thing.

Figure 19: % of Adoption in the World Expected

1. 10 - 30% 2. 30 - 50% 3. 50% - 70% 4. Above 70% 5. Can’t Say As per figure 19, the Frequency Distribution Histogram shows that researches are expected to develop around 30-50% of total energy by Renewable Energy in next 30 years.


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CONCLUSIONS

Following conclusions are drawn from the frequency distribution analysis:

1. Most of people are aware about the Renewable energy resources & they had shown

very positive response towards its acceptance.

2. People think that it is very important to improve the energy efficiency at home, first

and its importance of promoting the use of renewable energy sources are quite

important.

3. Renewable energy solution can lead to a fairer distribution of the world’s richest, too.

Because it is simultaneously weighing up its environment’s sustainability.

4. Renewable energy solutions can solve demand-supply gap to a limited extent. Such

kind a energy source depends on natural resources, thus leads to considerable

reduction in demand-supply gap by generating considerable energy.

5. Users are able to pay for increase in power tariff, due to shortage of resources. But,

there is a limit of acceptance for such kind a matter. It also depends on the economic

class of people, too. Because in India, there the cost of implementing renewable

power sources’ appliances is still on higher side.

6. If there will be a grant available, it would encourage users to improve the energy

efficiency.

7. People mostly use natural gas for cooking. Hence, by utilization of Solar Cooker will

reduce the requirement of natural gas for cooking.

8. They would also consider the application of Solar Panels to utilize solar energy in

power generation for household power needs which will ultimately reduce the burden

of supply-demand gap.

9. Renewable energy solution will be able to help free us from depending on the use of

petroleum and other fossil fuels.

10. Such kind a Sustainable Infrastructure resources are considered to be the most

favourable option, too for the economic growth of our country.

11. Renewable energy will provide a better platform for agricultural development in rural

India, as it will ensure farmer the cheaper power options, elimination of power cuts,

his dependency on power from Government, etc. Thus, better Renewable Energy

System can provide 24*7 power supply to farmer which will ultimately increases

yields from his farm, too.


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12. People appreciate excellent development of regions like Kutch, Gujarat, India by

Wind Power Generation practices and would also like to develop their regions in the

same way.

13. Renewable energy will provide better access of electricity to rural regions which will

enhance the communication channel between Urban India and Rural India.

14. So, the companies producing Renewable Energy based products have great scope in Gujarat state of India.

REFERENCES

1. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda (2013), “A Study on Region wise Price Variation of Construction Raw Materials using Frequency Analysis through SPSS Software” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume-4, Issue-7, July 2013/3233-3242

2. Hitesh D. Bambhava, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Prof. Jaydev J. Bhavsar (2013), “A Comparative Study on Bamboo Scaffolding And Metal Scaffolding in Construction Industry Using Statistical Methods”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2013, Pg.2330-2337.

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India 4. P. Ganesh Prabhu, D. Ambika, “Study on Behaviour of Workers in Construction

Industry to Improve Production Efficiency”, International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD), ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 59-66, © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

5. Richard A Johnson, “Miller & Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers”, Seventh Edition, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi-110 001, 2005

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