a new species of oxytropis (fabaceae papilionoideae) from india

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PHYTOTAXA

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press

Phytotaxa 155 (1): 50–58 (2013)

www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.155.1.4

A new species of Oxytropis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) from India

LAL BABU CHAUDHARY1* OMESH BAJPAI1, SOUMIT KUMAR BEHERA1 & NAYAN SAHU1

1Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

A new species Oxytropis sanjappae is described and illustrated from the Himalaya in India. The new species is widely

scattered from Losar to Kaza in Lahul-Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh State. The relationship of the species has been

discussed with O. cachemiriana and O. tatarica. The new species differs in having hairs very dense, silky and white,

stems generally absent or quite reduced, racemes capitate, globose-ovoid or oblong, many-flowered, dense and

elongating in infruitescence, calyx teeth distinctly longer than tube, corolla light purplish pink and almost equal to calyx,

wing petals obtuse at apex, mucro of the keel petal ca. 1 mm long and pods comparatively larger in size. A taxonomic

key to the all 18 species of the genus occurring in India including new ones has been provided for the first time. In

addition, the ecological studies related with the frequency, density, basal cover and importance value index (IVI) have

also been carried out to know the conservation status of the species in the Himalaya.

Key words: Conservation status, Ecology, Oxytropis sanjappae, Relationship, Taxonomic key

Introduction

The genus Oxytropis Candolle (1802: 24, 66), a member of subtribe Astragalinae of tribe Galegeae,

consisting of 300–400 species has been divided into three subgenera and 20 sections (Vassilczenko 1984, Zhu

& Ohashi 2000, Lock & Schriire 2005, Zhu et al. 2010). In India the genus is represented by about 17–20

species which are confined only to the Himalaya at high reaches (Sanjappa 1992, Kumar & Sane 2003). The

maximum diversity of the species lies in the N. W. Himalaya, mainly in the cold deserts of Lahul-Spiti and

Leh & Ladakh, while the N. E. Himalaya harbors only a few species. The majority of the species shows

affinity either with European or Sino Himalayan elements. Since Oxytropis grows in very cold climate in very

dry and hard soil, it develops perennial thick woody root-stock and herbaceous and profusely caespitose habit

to counter the environmental stress. As the habitats of Oxytropis, are covered by heavy snow during the most

part of the year, the life cycle (flowering & fruiting) of the species is completed within short span of time

during July to September.

While revising the genus for India the authors collected an interesting species of Oxytropis from the N. W.

Himalaya which on critical examination and comparison with the described species of the India (Baker 1876,

Sanjappa 1992, Kumar & Sane 2003) and others (Ali 1959, 1977, Vassilczenko 1977, 1984, Grierson & Long

1987, Press et al. 2000, Zhu & Ohashi 2000, Welsh 2001, Zhu et al. 2010) as well as the examination of

herbarium specimens housed at BSD, BSHC, CAL, CDRI, DD, K and LWG (herbarium acronyms according

to Thiers 2012) turned to be a new species which has been named as O. sanjappae Chaudhary. The new

species has so far been noticed only in the cold desert regions of Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh in the

Himalaya at different locations. It belongs to the subgenus Oxytropis under section Rechingeria Vassilcz.

which is chiefly characterized by having inflated pods (Vassilczenko 1984). The new species differs from its

allied species O. cachemiriana Cambessedes (1844: 38) and O. tatarica Baker (1876: 138) in density and

50 Accepted by Vidal Mansano: 21 Oct. 2013; published: 19 Dec. 2013

mailto:[email protected]


colour of hairs, length of stems, number of flowers in each raceme, shape and size of infruitescence, colour of

flowers, length of calyx teeth, length of corolla in comparison to calyx, apex of wing petals, size of mucro at

the apex of keel petal and size of the pods (Table 1). The identity of these allied species has been checked

through their protologues and type photographs avai lable on ht tp: / /coldb.mnhn.fr /colweb/

form.do?model=SONNERAT.wwwsonnerat.wwwsonnerat.wwwsonnerat [O. cachemiriana: Kashmir, 3500

m., Jacquemont 1013 (holotype & isotype P); O. tatarica: Kashmir?, Jacquemont 1789 (holotype P)]. The

new species is described and illustrated here and compared with all existing species within the genus in India

through a taxonomic key which is provided here for the first time. In the key all 18 species (including new

species) occurring in India have been included. Four species, namely O. chiliophylla Royle ex Bentham in

Royle (1835: 198), O. collettii Duthie & Prain (nom. nud.), O. shivai Aswal et al. (1990: 257) and O.

thomsonii Bentham ex Bunge (1874: 72) have been treated in the key as the synonyms of O. microphylla

(Pallas 1776: 744) Candolle (1802: 83), O. duthieana Ali (1959: 58), O. cachemiriana and O. mollis Royle ex

Bentham in Royle (1835: 198) respectively as they are variously treated in different works and are under

study.

TABLE 1. Comparision between Oxytropis cachemiriana, O. tatarica and O. sanjappae sp. nov.

Characters O. cachemiriana O. tatarica O. sanjappae sp. nov.

Indumentum Villous with grayish-white

intermixed with black hairs

Canescent with white and black hairs

intermixed

Densely villous with silky, white

hairs

Stem Up to 18 cm long Stemless Stemless or up to 4 cm long

Leaf 5–11 cm long 2 –7 cm long 2.5–5.5 cm long

Leaflet 5–9 pairs, 4–13 × 1.5–5 mm,

ovate, oblong or elliptic, acute at

apex, densely villous with

grayish-white hairs

6–10 pairs, 3–10 × 2–5 mm, oblong-

obovate, oblong-ovate or oblong, acute

at apex, canescent

8–11 pairs, 5–10 × 1.5–4 mm,

oblenceolate, obovate, oblong or

elliptic, acute or obtuse with a fine

mucro at apex, very densely

villous with silky, white hairs

Stipule 4–6 mm long 2–4 mm long 3–6 mm long

Inflorescence Capitate raceme, 1–2 cm across,

globose; peduncle 7–15 cm long

Capitate raceme, 1–3 cm long, globose-

ovoid or oblong; peduncle 2–10 cm long

Capitate raceme, 2–4 cm long,

elongating in infruitescence (up to

7 cm long), globose-ovoid or

oblong; peduncle 4.5–15 cm long

Flower 9–13 mm long, purple 6–7.5 mm long, dark purple ca. 10 mm long, light purplish-

pink

Calyx 7–9 mm long, hairy with long,

spreading, mixed white and

black hairs, tube 3–4 mm long,

teeth 4–5 mm long, slightly

longer than tube

5–6 mm long, hairy with spreading,

white or mixed white and black hairs,

tube 2–3 mm long, teeth almost equal to

tube

8.5–9 mm long, densely hairy with

silky, white and spreading hairs,

tube 3–4 mm long, teeth ca. 6 mm

long, quite linear, distinctly longer

than tube

Corolla Exerted from the calyx Exerted from the calyx Almost equal to calyx

Wing petal Obtuse at apex Emarginate at apex with unequal lobes Obtuse at apex

Keel petal Apical beak ca. 2 mm long Apical beak minute Apical beak 0.5–1.0 mm long

Pod 7–11 × 6–7 mm, ovoid, villous

with mixed grayish-white and

blackish-brown hairs

4–11 × 4–7 mm, almost rounded,

broadly ovoid or obovoid, villous with

long spreading white hairs intermixed

with short black hairs

7–13 × 6–10 mm, ovoid or

obovoid to almost rounded,

densely villous with long, silky,

white and spreading hairs

Phytotaxa 155 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press • 51A NEW SPECIES OF OXYTROPIS FROM INDIA


Taxonomy

Oxytropis sanjappae Chaudhary sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 3e, f)

The new species is chiefly characterized and differentiated with its closely allied species O. cachemiriana and O.

tatarica by its very dense silky and white hairs, almost stemless or quite reduced stems, globose-ovoid or oblong,

many- flowered and dense capitate racemes elongating in infruitescence, longer calyx teeth than tube, light purplish

pink flowers, almost equal corolla to calyx, obtuse wing petals at apex, ca. 1 mm long mucro of the keel petal and

comparatively larger size of the pods.

Type:—INDIA. Himachal Pradesh: Lahul-Spiti, Spiti, Losar, P. W. D. guest house area, along agriculture fields, N 320

26.322' E 770 44.374', 4073 m, 06 August 2012, L. B. Chaudhary & O. Bajpai 259339 (holotype LWG!, isotypes

CAL!, BSD!).

FIGURE 1. Oxytropis sanjappae sp. nov.: A, Habit; B, A portion of stem with stipules; C–F, Leaflets; G, Bract; H, Calyx (splitted); I,

Standard; J, Wing petals; K, Keel petal; L, Stamens; M, Carpel; N, Pod; O, Seed. From Chaudhary & Bajpai 259339 (LWG). B–O

illustrated by O. Bajpai.

Prostrate or suberect, tufted, caespitose, stemless or with reduced stem. Stems (if present) up to 4 cm long,

densely villous with silky, white and spreading hairs, internodes more or less equal or shorter or occasionally

longer (ca. 7 mm long) than stipules. Stipules 3–6 × 1–2 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, free from petiole, leaf

opposed, connate more than half of the length, encircling the stem, densely sericeous outside with silky, white

and spreading hairs, glabrous inside. Leaves 2.5–5.5 cm long, imparipinnately compound; petiole 1.5–3.0 cm

long; rachis 1–2 cm long, densely villous with silky, white and spreading hairs; leaflets 17–23, 5–10 × 1.5–4.0

CHAUDHARY ET AL.52 • Phytotaxa 155 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press


mm, opposite to subopposite, subsessile, close, oblanceolate, obovate, oblong or elliptic, cuneate at base,

acute or obtuse with a fine mucro at apex, very densely villous on both sides with silky, white and spreading

hairs. Inflorescence axillary, peduncled capitate raceme; peduncles 4.5–15 cm long, longer than subtending

leaf, decumbent, villous with silky, white and spreading hairs; racemes 2–4 cm long, elongating in

infruitescence (up to 7 cm long), many-flowered, very dense, globose-ovoid or oblong. Bracts 3.0–3.5 mm

long, persistent, linear, densely white sericeous outside, ciliate along margins. Flowers ca. 10 mm long, light

purplish pink, subsessile; pedicels less than 1 mm long, silky and white hairy. Calyx 8.5–9.0 mm long,

persistent, split after fruiting, densely villous with silky, white and spreading hairs, tube 3–4 mm long,

glabrous inside, teeth quite linear, hairy on both sides, upper one 4–5 mm long, lower one 5.5–6.0 mm long.

Standard 9.5 × 4.0 mm, elliptic, emarginate-apiculate at apex, glabrous; wing petals ca. 9 mm long, lamina 5.5

× 2.5 mm, oblong or narrowly obovate, obtuse at apex, upper auricle 1.0–1.5 mm long, claw 3.5 mm long;

keel petal ca. 6 mm long (including apical beak), lamina 3.0 × 2.5 mm, oblong, convex on ventral side, apical

beak 0.5–1.0 mm long, backwardly curved near apex, claw ca. 3 mm long. Vexillary filament ca. 5.5 mm

long, free from staminal sheath; staminal sheath ca. 5 mm long, obtuse at apex, free filaments ca. 1 mm long.

Ovary ca. 5 mm long, linear, faintly hairy, 3–4-ovuled, with ca. 1 mm long stipe; style ca. 2 mm long,

incurved, glabrous; stigma capitate, glabrous. Pods 7–13 × 6–10 mm, ovoid or obovoid to almost rounded,

with apical beak 1–2 mm long, subsessile, membranous, unilocular, 1–2 (–3)-seeded, densely villous with

silky, white and spreading hairs. Seeds 3.0–3.5 × 2.5–2.8 mm, oblong, reniform, smooth, sub-turgid, brownish

black, glabrous.

Distribution:—India (Himachal Pradesh). Elevation 3500–4200 m. (Figure 2).

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Oxytropis sanjappae sp. nov. in India.



FIGURE 3. Oxytropis cachemiriana: A, Habit; B, Close-up of inflorescence. O. tatarica: C, Habit; D, Close-up of inflorescence. O.

sanjappae sp. nov.: E, Habit; F, Close-up of inflorescence & infruitescence. A–F photos by L. B. Chaudhary.



Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting July–August.

Habitats & Ecology:—Grows in the cold desert of the Himalaya on mountain slopes, near agriculture

fields, along roadsides, flat lands in open or in the fields of Hippophae Linnaeus (1753: 1023) plantation in

hard dry or gravelly/rocky soils at the elevation ranging from 3500–4200 m. The species shows narrow

distribution due to less frequency value (5.88) at lower elevation gradients (3401–3800 m) and wide

distribution having higher frequency value (43.75) at higher elevation gradients (3801–4200 m). The average

density ranges from 0.12 indv. m-2 to 4.56 indv. m-2 from lower to higher elevations. Similarly, the basal cover

also ranges from 0.002 cm2 m-2 to 0.8 cm2 m-2 towards higher elevations. Again, the new species has higher

importance value index (14.75) at higher elevation gradients and lesser value (1.04) at lower elevation

gradients which indicate its more dominance and strong functional role at higher elevations in grassland

community. The species is generally associated with Oxytropis microphylla, Artemisia Linnaeus sp. (1753:

845), Stachys melissifolia Bentham (1834: 538), Arnebia euchroma (Royle 1835: 305) Johnston (1924: 49) at

lower elevations and with Astragalus oplites Bentham ex Parker (1921: 270), Nepeta eriostachya Bentham

(1835: 734), Oxytropis lapponica (Wahlenberg 1813: 131) Gay (1827: 30), Artemisia sp., Astragalus strictus

Bentham (1835: 198), Astragalus nivalis Karelin & Kirilov (1842: 341), Trigonella cachemiriana

Cambessedes (1844: 36) etc. at higher elevations. The above ecological findings indicate that the new species

has maximum affinity towards higher elevation niche space, may be due to more favorable microclimate

available there that provide better opportunity for the establishment and formation of gregarious communities.

Conservation status:—The new species has so far been collected only from Losar to Kaza (Spiti) of

Lahul-Spiti range in Himachal Pradesh. The area has been visited thrice (2002, 2006 and 2012) to study the

occurrence of the species, ecological status and its population size. It has been observed that it is frequent in

proper Losar area at the elevation of 4100 m. However, the species is also occasional and widely scattered

from Losar to Kaza at the elevations ranging from 3500–4200 m. From the examination of herbarium

specimens it appears that the species was first collected in 1958 (R. C. Kaushik 1060-DD) from the same

region. Presently, there is no human threat to the species, except grazing by cattle. When the species grows

gregariously, the entire population gives very beautiful look on the mountain slopes. It can be grown in the

gardens in temperate regions.

Relationship:—The new species Oxytropis sanjappae is very close to O. cachemiriana and O. tatarica

(Figure 3). It differs from O. cachemiriana in silky and white hairs, stemless or quite reduced stems, globose-

ovoid to oblong capitate raceme inflorescence elongating in infruitescence, light purplish pink flowers, length

of corolla almost equal to calyx, ca. 1 mm long mucro of the keel petal and comparatively larger size (7–13 ×

6–10 mm) of the pods and from O. tatarica in silky and white hairs, globose-ovoid to oblong capitate raceme

inflorescence elongating in infruitescence, light purplish pink flowers, long calyx teeth than tube, length of

corolla almost equal to calyx, obtuse wing petals at apex, comparatively larger size (7–13 × 6–10 mm) of the

pods. In addition, the new species also differs from both in having more flowers in each capitate raceme.

Based on the morphological characters it appears that new species is more close to O. tatarica than O.

cachemiriana. The comparisons between these three species have been provided in Table 1. Naithani et al.

(1986) erroneously reported O. sericopetala Fischer (1937: 95) from India based on the specimen collected by

R. C. Kaushik 1060 (DD!) which on critical exanimation turned to be similar to the new species O. sanjappae.

In fact O. sericopetala has been described from China (Tibet) and probably does not occur in India.

Etymology:—The species has been named after Dr. Munivenkatappa Sanjappa, Ex-Director, Botanical

Survey of India and author of ‘Legumes of India’ who has contributed well to the Indian legume taxonomy.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—INDIA. Himachal Pradesh: Lahul-Spiti, Spiti: Losar, P.

W. D. guest house area, along agriculture fields, N 320 26.322' E 770 44.374', 4073 m, 06 August 2012, L. B.

Chaudhary & O. Bajpai 259340 (LWG); 2 km before Losar, N 320 26.858' E 770 43.455', 4101 m, 01 August

2006, L. B. Chaudhary, T. S. Rana & K. K. Anand 229513 (LWG); Losar, N 320 25.848' E 770 55.046', 4079 m,

02 August 2006, L. B. Chaudhary, T. S. Rana & K. K. Anand 229518 (LWG); Losar, near P. W. D. guest house,

4000 m, 04 August 2002. L. B. Chaudhary & Z. H. Khan 206763 (LWG); Losar, 09 August 1994, S. K. Murti



& S. Singh s. n. (BSD); Losar, 4100 m, 26 July 1972, U. C. Bhattacharyya 48875 (BSD); Near Hal village, N

320 18.532' E 770 57.596', 3822 m, 07 August 2012, L. B. Chaudhary & O. Bajpai 259348 & 259349 (LWG);

Rangrik, 25 July 2004, S. K. Srivastava 100399 (BSD); Rangrik, 3700 m, 04 August 2002, L. B. Chaudhary &

Z. H. Khan 206772 (LWG); Kaza, Rongtang, 3800 m, 09 September 2005, Brijlal s. n. (LWG); 15 km before

Kaza from Losar, 3700 m, 04 August 2002, L. B. Chaudhary & Z. H. Khan 206771 (LWG); Near Kaza, 12600

ft., 01 July 1958, R. C. Kaushik 1060 (DD); Shego, 3500 m, 05 August 2002. L. B. Chaudhary & Z. H. Khan

206775 (LWG); Khurik, 3800 m, 06 August 1972, U. C. Bhattacharyya 49370 (CAL); Takling, 4100 m, 29

July 1972, U. C. Bhattacharyya 49089 (CAL); Thumla, 4200 m, 01 August 1972, U. C. Bhattacharyya 49211

(BSD).

Taxonomic Key to the Indian Oxytropis Species

1. Petals silky villous .....................................................................................................................Oxytropis sericopetala

- Petals glabrous ............................................................................................................................................................. 2.

2. Stipules free ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.

- Stipules adnate to the petiole or connate or both ....................................................................................................... 4.

3. Calyx ca. 5 mm long, campanulate; flowers 6–7 mm long .............................................................. Oxytropis glabra

- Calyx ca. 9.5 mm long, tubular; flowers ca 19 mm long .......................................................Oxytropis meinshausenii

4. Stipules both connate and adnate to petiole ............................................................................................................... 5.

- Stipules either connate or adnate to petiole ................................................................................................................. 6.

5. Gregarious, forming mat like structure on the ground with rhizomatous creeping rootstock; leaflets 2–6 × 1–2.5 mm;

capitate raceme, 4–11-flowered; pods 6–13 × 3–5 mm, adpressed densely hairy .........................Oxytropis humifusa

- Loosely arranged, not forming mat like structure and rhizomatous rootstock downwardly oriented; leaflets 5–10 ×

3–5 mm; raceme 2–4-flowered; pods 30–42 × 10–12 mm, glabrescent to glabrous .....................................................

....................................................................................................................................................... Oxytropis zemuensis

6. Stipules lateral, adnate to the petiole ......................................................................................................................... 7.

- Stipules leaf opposed, free from petiole but connate to each other ........................................................................... 10.

7. Leaflets mostly whorled; calyx glandular, 10–12 mm long, tubular .......... Oxytropis microphylla (= O. chiliophylla)

- Leaflets opposite to alternate; calyx eglandular, 4–10 mm long, campanulate ......................................................... 8.

8. Pods bilocular ...................................................................................................................................... Oxytropis densa

- Pods unilocular ........................................................................................................................................................... 9.

9. Leaflets 5–7 pairs; pods 30–40 mm long, subsessile ................................. Oxytropis duthieana (=Oxytropis collettii)

- Leaflets 12–16 pairs; pods 13–17 mm long, stipitate ...................................Oxytropis mollis (=Oxytropis thomsonii)

10. Pods inflated, membranous ...................................................................................................................................... 11.

- Pods elongated, not membranous ............................................................................................................................. 14.

11. Leaflets 2–3 pairs; inflorescence heads 2–6-flowered; flowers 21–22 mm long; calyx 10–14 mm long, tubular.........

................................................................................................................................................. Oxytropis strachyeyana

- Leaflets 5–11pairs; inflorescence heads or capitate racemes many-flowered; flowers 6–13 mm long; calyx 5–9 mm

long, campanulate ..................................................................................................................................................... 12.

12. Stems generally well developed; keel mucro ca. 2 mm long ................. Oxytropis cachemiriana (=Oxytropis shivai)

- Stems absent or quite reduced; keel mucro minute to 1 mm long ............................................................................ 13.

13. Hairs canescent; inflorescence head globose-ovoid, 1 cm long; flowers 6–7 mm long, dark purple; calyx 5–6 mm

long, teeth almost equal to tube; corolla exerted from calyx; wing petals emarginate at apex; keel mucro minute;

pods 4–11 × 4–7 mm .........................................................................................................................Oxytropis tatarica

- Hairs silky, white and villous; inflorescence capitate raceme oblong or globose-ovoid, 2–4 cm long; flowers ca. 9

mm long, purplish pink; calyx ca. 9 mm long, teeth distictly longer than tube; corolla almost equal to calyx; wing

petals obtuse at apex; keel mucro 0.5–1.0 mm; pods 7–13 × 6–10 mm .......................................Oxytropis sanjappae

14. Flowers yellow................................................................................................................................Oxytropis sulphurea

- Flowers bluish-purple ............................................................................................................................................... 15.

15. Length of inflorescence shorter or more or less equal to subtending leaf .............................Oxytropis hypoglottoides

- Length of inflorescence longer than subtending leaf................................................................................................. 16.

16. Leaves 15–20 mm long; leaflets 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm; peduncles 18–35 mm long; racemes 2–10-flowered ....................

..................................................................................................................................................... Oxytropis savellanica

- Leaves 3–18 cm long; leaflets 4–21 × 1–5 mm; peduncles 4–26 cm long; racemes many-flowered ...................... 17.

17. Stems pubescent with glandular hairs....................................................................................................Oxytropis rautii

- Stems pubescent with eglandular hairs ......................................................................................... Oxytropis lapponica



Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. C. S. Nautiyal, Director, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute,

Lucknow, India for facilities and the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, New Delhi

for financial support. The in-charge of herbaria mentioned in the work are duly acknowledged for granting

permission for herbarium consultation. We also wish to thank the editor of the paper Dr. Vidal F. Mansano,

Research Institute Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for providing his valuable suggestions for

bringing the manuscript in the present form.

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