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ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Disaster Management in Bhutan
Tshering WangchukDepartment of Disaster Management
Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
EARTHFIRE
WATER
AIR
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Presentation Outline
ü Various Hazards in Bhutan
ü Department of Disaster Management – Major
Functions
ü Disaster Management Institutions at different
levels
ü Challenges
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Hazards in Bhutan Earthquake
Bhutan
Zone IV – V
Earthquake History
•4 exceeding 8 on Richter scale (1897, 1905, 1934, 1950)
•10 exceeding 7.5 (Himalayan belt in the last 100 years)
•1980 (6.1, Sikkim)
•1988 (6.6, Indo-Nepal border), 2003 (5.5, Bhutan)
•February 2006 (5.8, 5.5)
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
September 21st Earthquake
- Magnitude 6.1
- 2:53 p.m. local time
- Epicenter – Narang, Mongar
- Duration – 95 seconds
- Depth – 10 Kms (shallow)
- Repeated after-shocks
- Widespread geographical area – 13 Districts
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
• 2,674 glacial lakes
• 25 potentially dangerous lakes
• Causes
– Global Warming
– Avalanches
– Earthquakes
• Past events – 1957, 1960, 1994
Potentially dangerous glacial lakes of Bhutan
Out of 2794 glacial lakes, 25 has been identified as potentially dangerous lakes.
Pho Chu Sub Basin : 9
Mo Chu Sub Basin : 5
Chamkhar Chu Sub Basin: 3
Kuri Chu Sub Basin: 1
Mangde Chu Sub Basin: 7
14
Source: DGM & ICIMOD publication
Flash Floods
• Recurrent
• Eastern and Southern regions most vulnerable
• Past events
– 2000 – Phuentsholing and Pasakha
– 2004 – East – 9 people lost lives
– May 2009 flash flood
Cyclone Aila Floods
• 25 – 26 May, 2009 incessant rainfall precipitated by Cyclone Aila
• All major rivers swelled to record levels
• Water levels recorded in Punakha and Wangdue exceeded 1994 GLOF levels -17 m3
• All Districts and all sectors affected.
Loss and Damage
• 13 lives lost
• Govt. Infrastructure – Nu. 544 million
• Farm and feeder roads – Nu. 47 million
• Agriculture property – Nu. 7.5 million
• Bridges – Nu. 56 million
• Drinking water/ Irrigation – Nu. 45 million
• Livestock – Nu. 15 million
• Private Properties – Nu. 7 million
• Total – Nu. 722 million
Landslides
• Landslides - masses of rock, earth, or debris moving down a slope, may be very small or very large, can move at very high speed. Associated with heavy rainfall, tend to worsen the effects of flooding that often accompanies these events. In areas burnt by forest fires, a lesser amount of precipitation may initiate landslides.
• Other triggers – Earthquakes, poor land management
• Eastern and southern region
Landslides
Fires on Forest and Human Settlement
• Forest fires – Annual event
– 99.9 % manmade
• Fires on Human Settlement
– Unsafe habits – electrical wiring, temporary housing
– Use of wood
– Numerous isolated events
• Armed Forces
• Volunteer base
Fires on Forest and Human Settlement
Other hazards
• Windstorms/ Thunderstorms/ Snowstorms/ Hailstorms
• Epidemics, pests and diseases
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Underlying Vulnerabilities
vUnsafe construction Practices
vRapid urbanization
vLack of Enforcement
vSocio-Economic Factors
vLack of Awareness
vLack of Preparedness Planning
vCulture of Insurance
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Department of Disaster ManagementMajor Functions:
vNational Coordinating Agency for all DM activities (among all Sectors/Agencies/Stakeholders)
vInstitution and functioning of DM Institutions
vFormulation of guidelines, codes, standards
vFacilitate preparation and implementation of DM Plans at all levels
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
contd…
vEstablishment of EOC and Disaster Communications Network
vCapacity building – Preparedness, Response, Recovery
vAwareness and advocacy at all levels
vFacilitate mainstreaming of DRR into Development
vCollaboration with relevant International, Regional and National Agencies
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
Contd…Early Warning Systems
• Early Warning for Major River Basins (DoE)
• GloF EWS for Punakha-Wangdue basin (DoE/DGM)
• Community based EWS
Emergency Communications
o National Emergency Operation Centre
o District Emergency Operation Centre
o Emergency Tele-Communication Network/System
o Emergency Transportation
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
IV. Disaster Management Institutions as per the Disaster Management Bill of the Kingdom of Bhutan
National Disaster Management Authority
National Committee for DM
Department of Disaster ManagementMoHCAInter Ministerial Task Force
National Emergency Operation Center
Ministries/Agencies
District Disaster Management Committees
Sub-District DM CommitteesMunicipal DM Committees Block DM Committees
District Emergency Operation Center
ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN
Ministry of Home and Cultural AffairsDepartment of Disaster Management
P.O Box : 1493, Thimphu-11001
“Reducing Disaster Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan”
ChallengesvResources Constraint
vLack of Capacities (Technical Expertise)
vMulti-Sectoral Coordination
vLack of Awareness
vPeople’s attitude
vMainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction
vResponse Capacities
vNeed to review the NDRMF – Integration of Cultural Aspects
TASHI DELEK (THANK YOU)TASHI DELEK (THANK YOU)
“Reducing Disaster Risks for Safe and Happy Bhutan”