Diet

SodaGiacomo Rimoldi Gutiérrez

CBE 555November 13, 2007

Where does come from?!

• In the US 64% of adults are overweight• 24.5% of American adults are obese• 16% of active duty US military personnel

are obese• Economic cost attributable to obesity in the

US is estimated to be $100 billion/yr

Products that come from obese numbers

• Diet Soda• Artificial Sweeteners• Popcorn• Mayonnaise• Beer• Candy• Etc

History of Diet Soda

• 1952 Kirsch Bottling in Brooklyn launches a sugar free ginger ale called No-Cal. Only distributed locally

• 1958 Royal Crown Cola comes up with Diet Rite• 1963 Coca-Cola Company joins the market with Tab (sweetened

with cyclamates and saccharin).• Late 1960’s Pepsi releases Patio Diet Cola• 1982 Coca-Cola puts Diet Coke in the market (study states

saccharin is a possible carcinogen)• 1980’s Beer companies join the “diet beverage” market• 1990 Tab makes a comeback after replacing some of the saccharin

with NutraSweet• 2002 Diet Vanilla Coke, Diet Pepsi Vanilla etc.

Diet Soda Facts

• The main difference is due to the artificial sweetening in it. Aspartame (NutraSweet) is used instead of sugar.

• Sweeteners used before Aspartame:

• Cyclamates (banned in 1970 by FDA)

• Saccharin (banned in 1987, lifted in 1991)

Aspartame

• aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester • Although it has roughly the same number of

calories per gram as table sugar (sucrose), it is around 200 times sweeter

• Discovered by accident by James Schlatter,in 1965 while testing an anti-ulcer drug

• Approved in 1983

Aspartic Acid

Phenyalanine

Methanol

Aspartic Acid: Amino acid that creates a high of aspartate and glutamate in blood plasma (neurotransmitters in the brain). Excess of these neurotransmitters kills certain neurons by allowing too much calcium in to the cells.

Phenyalanine: Amino acid found in the brain. People with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot metabolize it. A very high levelhas proven to be harmul.

Methanol: Toxic

• National Cancer Institute linked in 2006 aspartame with leukemia, lymphomas and brain tumors.

• Ramazzini Foundation found a direct relationship between aspartame and tumors in kidneys and peripheral nerves

• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences states that exposure in the fetal life has carcinogenic effects

• FDA suggests drinking soda instead of regular soda

• A study found that when a can a diet soda is stored at room temperature, the aspartame in the soda can break down into the chemical formaldehyde (birth defects and cancer).

• According to a study by the Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland in California, women who drink light beverages do not lose as much weight as women who just drink water

Diet Soda drinkers are….. Compared to regular soda drinkers

• 37% more likely to agree that “I always think of the number of calories in the food I’m eating”

• 34% more likely to read the Wall Street Journal• 27% more likely to be in the top socio-economic quintile• 24% more likely to read Newsweek magazine• 23% more likely to be obese• 19% more likely to agree “I would like to be able to lose

weight”• 17% more likely to be concerned with their cholesterol

level• 13% more likely to be female• 13% more likely to be married• 10% more likely to be Caucasian American

Bibliography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States

• http://www.obesityinamerica.org/geographic.html

• http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.wisc.edu/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=103&sid=dcf846d2-b815-4844-a92c-7d488baa05fe%40sessionmgr109

• http://www.roymorgan.com/roymorgan/library/c44820_8.JPG

• http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=24

• http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/national/265559_soda05.html

• http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2005/305_eat.html

• http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.wisc.edu/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=103&sid=dcf846d2-b815-4844-a92c-7d488baa05fe%40sessionmgr109

• http://www.dietsoda.org/

• http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.library.wisc.edu/servlet/HWRC/hits?docNum=A170115616&year2=&year1=&tcit=0_1_0_0_0&locID=wisc_madison&rlt=2&origSearch=true&t=RK&s=1&r=d&items=0&secondary=false&o=&n=10&day2=&day1=&l=d&sgPhrase=true&month2=&month1=&c=8&bucket=per&SU=aspartame

• http://metalib.wisconsin.edu.ezproxy.library.wisc.edu/V/5YPE7VRGQV1V12L7HHVET8AJTQ542DA9L9MJ558CU2LRRSRX12-45046?func=quick-3&short-format=002&set_number=049773&set_entry=000003&format=999