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Lumbar puncture is insertion of the spinalneedle through the L3-L4 interspace into thelumbar subarachnoid space to obtain CSF.

LP is contraindicated in clients with ICP.PREPROCEDURE interventions:Obtain an informed consentHave the client empty the bladder

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Intervention during the procedure Position the client in lateral recumbent position

and have the client draw knees up to the

abdomen and chin onto the chest. Assist with the collection of specimens Maintain strict asepsis

POSTPROCEDURE interventions Monitor vital signs and Neurological signs Position the client in flat as prescribed Monitor Input and output

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A graphic recording of the electrical activityof the superficial layers of the cerebralcortex

PREPROCEDURE interventions Wash the clients hair Inform the client the electrodes are

attached to the head and that electricitydoes not enter the head.

Premedicate for sedation as prescribed.

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POSTPROCEDURE interventions Wash the clients hair Maintain side rails and safety

precautions if the client was sedated.

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Injection of contrast through thefemoral artery into the carotid arteriesto visualize the cerebral arteries andassess for lesion.

PREPROCEDURE interventions Obtained informed consent Assess the client for allergies to iodine

and shellfish.

Maintain the client on NPO status 4- 6hours before the test as prescribed.

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POSTPROCEDURE Monitor neurological status and vital

signs frequently until stable. Monitor for swelling in the neck and for

difficulty swallowing, and notify thephysician if these symptoms occur

Maintain bed rest for 12 hours as

prescribed. Elevate the head of the bed 15-30

degrees only if prescribed. Keep the bed flat if the femoral artery is

used, as prescribed. Place ice on the puncture site as

prescribed.

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Is a noninvasive procedure that Identifiestypes of tissues, tumors, and vascularabnormalities.

It is similar to CT scan but provides moredetailed pictures

PREPROCEDURE: Remove all metal objects from the client. Determine whether the client has a

pacemaker .or vascular clips because

these clients cannot have this testperformed.

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Provide an assessment of the clientwith Claustrophobia.

Administer medication as prescribedfor the client with claustrophobia.

POSTPROCEDURE: Client may resume normal activities. Expect diuresis if a contrast agent

was used.

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Type of brain scanning that may or may notrequire an injection of a dye.

Used to detect intracranial bleeding,infarctions, hydrocephalus, cerebral atrophy,

and shifts of brain structures. PREPROCEDURE:

Obtain an inform consent if the dye is used.

Assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish if a

dye is used.

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Instruct the client in the need to liestill and flat during the test.

Remove objects from the head suchas earrings, and hairpins. Assess for claustrophobia Inform the clients above the

mechanical noises as the scanningoccurs. Hot sensation if dye is injected. Client may be given the dye even if

they report an allergy and aretreated with antihistamines beforethe injection of dye.

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