Day 7 STAAR Review

Reform Movements and Industrial Revolution Inventions

Reform Movements

• Temperance Movement- the movement to end the sale and drinking of alcohol; blamed alcohol for the increase in crimes, poverty, and family destruction…led by religious leaders, women, and factory owners.

• Education Reform Movement- improved public schools and made education available to more people; led by Horace Mann who believed that public education was “the great equalizer.”

• Women’s Suffrage/Rights Movement- the movement to help women gain equal rights, especially the right to vote; leaders included: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B Anthony, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth.

Reform Movements• Prison Reform and Care for the Disabled Movement- movement

to create state hospitals to care for the disabled instead of placing them in prisons; people started taking better care of the mentally disabled; people worked to rehabilitate prisoners while in prison; movement led by Dorothea Dix

• Abolitionist Movement- the movement to end slavery; it was led mostly by religious groups that believed slavery was immoral; leaders included: William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator), Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth, Fredrick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman

• Labor Reform Movement- the movement to improve working conditions and working hours; led by the Lowell Mill girls who initiated the first strike

Industrial Revolution Inventions• Factory System- brought many workers and machines together

under one roof, usually near a source of water to power the machines; created large number of jobs for unskilled workers; created jobs for women

• Interchangeable Parts- increase in efficiency for replacing machine parts, saved time and money; led to the mass production of products (Eli Whitney)

• McCormick Reaper- increased agricultural production by creating a faster way to cut grain

• Steamboat- invented by Robert Fulton, used with canal and river trade-transportation upstream on rivers was more efficient, faster, and cheaper

• Cotton Gin-a faster way to clean cotton, led to an increase in dependence on slavery in the South (plantation system) and increase in production in the North (factory system-more textile mils-cloth to make clothes, etc.) Eli Whitney

Industrial Revolution Inventions

• Telegraph- invented by Samuel Morse, increased communication and delivered information rapidly over long distances, helped with Westward Expansion.

• Erie Canal- man-made waterway that connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes and the interior of the country; decreased the cost of shipping goods to and from the Midwest

• Transcontinental Railroad- railroad that stretched from the Midwest to the Pacific; led to the growth of the West by increasing the number of settlements

• Bessemer Steel Process- a faster and cheaper way to process steel, helped make the building of railroad tracks more efficient which increased westward expansion