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Muscles of the Human Body

Muscle Facts:

You have approximately 650 muscles in your body.

Your muscles make up roughly half of your body weight.

Three types of muscles:

Smooth and Cardiac Muscles

Smooth Muscles Found in the lining of

organs such as the stomach and small intestine.

These muscles work automatically – you don’t have to think about it.

Perform basic “housekeeping” function in your body – push food through your body.

Cardiac Muscles Only found in the heart. Unlike other types of

muscles, cardiac muscles never get tired.

Works automatically and consistently and never pauses to rest.

Contracts to squeeze blood out of your heart and relaxes to fill your heart with blood.

Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscles cover your bones and give your body shape.

Skeletal muscles are attached to your bones by tendons or are connected to rough areas of bone.

Skeletal muscles are consciously controlled by the human.

Fact:

Why are Skeletal Muscles Important?

Just about all body movement is caused by a skeletal muscle contraction.

Skeletal muscles maintain posture.Skeletal muscles hold your bones in the

correct spots and prevents your joints from dislocating.

Skeletal muscles generate heat which helps maintain your body temperature.

Muscles Work in Pairs

Your muscles are grouped together in pairs on your skeleton.

When one muscle in a pair contracts the other muscle in the pair also contracts and pulls in the opposite direction to straighten out the joint again.

Examples of Muscle Pairs: Biceps & Triceps, Hamstrings & Quadriceps

Functions of Muscles:

Biceps – rotate and bend the forearmTriceps – straightens the armDeltoid – lifts the arm and rotates in all

directionsPectorals – moves the shoulder and involved in

breathingOblique Abdominis – twists the torsoRectus Abdominis – brings torso forwardSartorius – bends the legHamstring – bends the kneesQuadriceps – straightens the legsGastrocnemius – used for walking and jumpingTibialis – flexes the foot for walking

Sport Injuries

Sport Injuries commonly occur during sports or exercise.

Some result from accidents while others are due to poor training, improper equipment, lack of conditioning, or failure to warm-up and cool down properly.

Injuries usually involve the musculoskeletal system – muscles, bones and tissues like cartilage.

Types of Injuries

The majority of sports injuries are bruises, sprains and strains.

A bruise (contusion) is an injury to soft tissue. This is usually caused by kick or fall. The immediate result is pain, swelling and discoloration.

Types of Injuries (cont)

Sprain – a stretch or tear of a ligament.Ligaments are bands of connective tissues

that joins the end of one bone with another.Sprains often affect the ankles, knees or

wrists.Signs of a sprain: tenderness or pain,

bruising, swelling, inability to move a limb or joint.

Types of Injuries (cont)

Strain – an injury to a muscle or tendon (a cord of tissue that connects the muscle to the bone) and is often caused by overuse, force or stretching.

Symptoms: pain, muscle spasm and loss of strength.

Overuse Injury

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, children who regularly participate in sports activities where there is damage to a muscle, bone or tendon and do not allow it to heal naturally, may develop an overuse injury.

Injury Care

RICE Rest as Needed Ice for 10-15 minutes, 3 times a day for the first

3-5 days of the injury Compression of the injured area. Compression

helps to reduce swelling and is achieved with elastic wraps, boots, air casts, and splints.

Elevation – keep the injured part of the body elevated on a pillow above the heart to decrease the swelling.

When to See a Doctor

If your injury takes you away from your sport for more than 3 days or makes you change your technique/training method for more than a week.

If the injury causes severe pain, swelling or numbness.

You can’t tolerate weight on the area.You will want to go to an Orthopedic

Surgeon.

Injury Prevention

Learn the proper warm-up and stretching techniques.

Don’t bounce during stretches

When jumping, land with your knees bent.

Don’t overdo it. Accept your body’s limits.

Wear proper shoes that provide shock absorbtion.

Use the softest surface available.

Reserve 1-2 days per week for rest from competitive sports.

Take breaks from your sport during the year.

Put emphasis on fun, skill building, safety and sportsman ship, not competition.

Recognize the warning signs of a potential problem.

Resist the temptation to work through the pain.

Videos

‘Call Me Maybe’ http://www.youtube.co

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Skeletal Muscle Song http://www.youtube.co

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