damage to the highway system pisco, peru earthquake august 15, 2007 m8.0 jerome s. o’connor, p.e....
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Damage to the Highway System
Pisco, Peru EarthquakeAugust 15, 2007
M8.0
Jerome S. O’Connor, P.E.Senior Program Officer, Transportation Research
MCEER, University at Buffalo
August 15, 2007 Earthquake• M 8.0 (moment magnitude)• Modified Mercalli Intensity as high as VIII• PGA of 0.49g• Duration > 170 seconds• Two distinct phases of strong ground motion• Small tsunami wave
Aceleración vertical (g)
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Tiempo (s)
ac max: 4.0527e -02 g
Consequences
• >519 deaths & 1874 serious injuries
• 54,926 buildings destroyed & 20958 seriously damaged
CATEDRAL SAN CLEMENTE, PISCO PUEBLOCATEDRAL SAN CLEMENTE, PISCO PUEBLO
Liquefactionincrease in pore pressure in sandy soils resulting in particle separation and quicksand like condition
X-section of sand boil in trench wall
Liquefaction
• Ground settlement
• Lateral spreading
• Embankment failure
• Landslides
• Reduced vertical & horizontal capacity for structure foundations, resulting in settlement, tilting, shear failure, collapse
gg
Observed Highway Damage
• Serious pavement damage
• Embankment failure
• Rockfalls
• Culvert failure
• Retaining wall failures
Pan American Highway
CARRETERA PANAMERICANA SUR- ZONA SAN CLEMENTECARRETERA PANAMERICANA SUR- ZONA SAN CLEMENTE
Puente Huamani(Vista en Elevación)
Longitud Total : 136 m
5 Tramos : 23m + 30m + 30m + 30m + 23m
Longitud de Tramos Suspendidos = 16m
Image courtesy of Jack López Ingenieros
Severe cracking of Pier 2 (from South end) necessitates extensive repair but the horizontal shear blocks managed to retrain lateral movement of the superstructure.
Photo #CIP45 by Dr. Alva, National University
Huamani Damage
• Severe cracking of one pier stem• Severe cracking of transverse concrete diaphragms• Cracking and spalling of horizontal shear blocks, pier
caps, and diaphrams • Tipping of the south abutment toward the stream bed
(4” at top)• Lateral displacement of the superstructure
(approximately 100 mm or 4”)• Damage to approach pavement•
Huamani Success
• No fatalities or injuries
• No dropped spans
• Successful use of horizontal shear blocks to restrain bridge superstructure laterally
• Piers endured liquefaction without damage
• Lifeline structure taken out of service but detour was available and repairs were manageable
Combination of Hazard Effects• Shaking• Liquefaction• Rockfall and landslides• El Nino flooding• Huayco• Debris impacts• Overloads
Conclusions• U.S. can learn from South America’s experiences
– History of large earthquakes– Fairly good performance of bridges
• Liquefaction can cause severe damage to roadways and bridges
• Older bridges are vulnerable– Less stringent original design– Deteriorated condition– Accumulated damage from previous extreme events
• Damage to buildings illustrates importance of building codes & construction quality
• Value of a Bridge Management System & Inspection Program
Spanish Technical Terms
APPENDIX C: English-Spanish TranslationVocabulary is provided to facilitate use of this document and facilitate communication with professional counterparts in Spanish speaking countries. It includes technical terms that are pertinent to transportation engineering, bridge inspection, geotechnical engineering.
English Spanishabutment estribo, contrafuerte
aftershock réplica
aggregate / crushed stone for concrete grava
angular rock Grava, roca con ángulos
asphalt asfalto
be careful tenga cuidado
boundary límite