D. Crowley, 2007

The Periodic TableTo recognise the periodic table, and to

know what this contains

The Periodic Table

True / FalseElements have more than one type of atomCompounds are made up of two or more

elements, chemically boundA mixture can contain both elements and

compoundsCompounds have different properties than

the elements they are made fromMixtures are not chemically boundAll gases are compoundsThere are millions of elements

FalseFalse

TrueTrue

TrueTrue

TrueTrue

TrueTrue

FalseFalseFalseFalse

Chemical SymbolsWhat is a chemical symbolCan you identify any?Is there a pattern?

Every element has its own chemical symbolIt is usually one or two letters long (but can

sometimes be three)Every symbol begins with a capitalThe second and third letters are lower case

SymbolsEvery element has its own chemical symbol It is usually one or two letters long (but can sometimes

be three)Every symbol begins with a capitalThe second and third letters are lower case

Mg mg MG mG

Examples

O o OO oo

na NA nA Na

AG Ag ag aG

SymbolsSometimes the symbols are really obvious: O = oxygen; Li

= lithium; Mg = magnesium

However sometimes it is not easy to tell what the symbol stands for (because the symbol come from a name that is not an English word)

E.g. W stands for tungsten (from the word wolfram); Na for sodium (from natrium)

The chemical symbols are used all over the world, not matter what language people speak

Periodic TableWhat is the periodic table?What does it show?How is it arranged?

Periodic TableAll the different elements are arranged in

a chart, called the periodic tableThe elements are arranged in a special

way…

SortingBy the middle of the 19th century about 60

elements were known

Scientists looked for ways to sort them - most were metals, but some were non-metals; and most were solid, but a few were gas and some were liquid

However it was very difficult to find a pattern!

MendeleevThen a scientist called Mendeleev did three important

steps in helping sort the elements: -

He didn’t make a totally regular grid - some rows were longer than others

If the elements didn’t fit his table he told the original experimenters that they must have got the mass wrong of the element!

He left gaps for elements that he said had not been discovered yet - and predicted what they would be like…

Periodic TableAll the different elements are arranged in

a chart - the periodic table

The elements are arranged so similar elements are found in the vertical columns, called groups

The horizontal rows are called periodsThe metals are on the left, the non-metals on the right

Metals & Non-metalsLook at the line that runs down (a bit like

some steps)This separates the metals and non-metals

(metals on left; non-metals on right)

Stick you periodic table into your book

Draw the ‘stairs’ to separate the metals and non-metals

Colour the periodic table in (showing metals versus non-metals)

Stick you periodic table into your book

Draw the ‘stairs’ to separate the metals and non-metals

Colour the periodic table in (showing metals versus non-metals)

ArrangementSimilar elements are placed in groups (there

are 8 different groups)Write these groups on your periodic table

Note there are some gaps - these are gaps left for undiscovered elements

SizeThe periodic table shows us one last thingNotice each element has its name and

symbol, e.g. oxygen (O)But it also has a number - e.g. Oxygen = 8

Ooxygen

8

Hhydrogen

1

Mgmagnesium

12

Agsilver

47

Pblead

82

Augold

79

Uuranium

92

Lrlawrencium

103

Kpotassium

19

Atomic NumberThis number is the atomic number - it tells you

what element is what - e.g. oxygen always has an atomic number of 8, magnesium always has an atomic number of 12

You’ll see in the table that this number gets bigger as you go along it

Hhydrogen

1

Mgmagnesium

12

Agsilver

47

Pblead

82

Augold

79

Uuranium

92

Lrlawrencium

103

Kpotassium

19

SummaryEach element is made up of one type of

atom onlyAll elements are placed in the periodic

tableThe periodic table is split between metals

(left) and non-metals (right)Similar elements are placed in groups

(there are 8 of them)The rows are called periods

BingoTake a mini periodic table

If an element is said, you have to find its symbol using the big periodic table (on the board)

If you have that symbol on your mini periodic table you can colour in the square

The winner is the person who gets all their elements coloured in first…

E.g. If I said oxygen, you would look it up, discovering its symbol is O

If you have the O symbol on your mini periodic table then colour it in!

Periodic Table Song