TITLE PAGECourse Code: MGN906 Course Title: MANAGING CROSS CULTURAL DIVERSITY

Course Instructor: Pushpak Sharma

Academic Task No: 1 Academic Task Title: Homework

Date of Allotment: 01.03.2016 Date of submission: 23.03.2016Student’s Section: MSE27

Student’s Roll No: A 33 Student’s Reg. No: 11207594

Evaluation Parameters: CULTURE DIMENSIONS OF PAKISTAN

Learning Outcomes: (Student to write briefly about learning outcomes obtained from the academic tasks)

Declaration:

I declare that this Assignment is my individual work. I have not copied it from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by any other person.

Student’s Signature: JAI PRAKASH SAHU

Evaluator’s Comments (For Instructor’s use only)

General Observations Suggestions for Improvement Best Part of Assignment

Evaluator’s Signature and Date:

Marks Obtained: _______________ Max. Marks: ______________

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC TASK NO. 1

School of Mechanical Engineering

Name of the faculty member: Pushpak Sharma

Course Code: MGN 906 Course Title: MANAGING CROSS CULTURAL DIVERSITYClass: BTECH Batch: 2012

Max. Marks: 30 Date of Allotment: 01.03.2016

Date of Submission: 23.03.2016

Objectives of Academic Activity

Topic Details Evaluation Parameters Expected outcomes

To develop theanalytical ability andstrengthen thefundamentals of thesubject

Students will be allocated different countries to study the respective cultures and create a report on the Key Elements and Striking Features of the same.

Introduction 5Marks, Mapping of the concepts taught in relation to thecountry 15 Marks,Attractiveness ofthe Report 5 Marksand References 5Marks

a) Students will be able to use the knowledge and concepts to solve the problems related to different culture.b) The analytical skills of students will be improved.

PREFACE …..

Content :-

Culture of Pakistan Language Festival and Observation Education Sports Pakistani cuisine Clothing Cultural heritage Economy of Pakistan Government of Pakistan Social problem Hofstede Dimension OF Pakistan Bibliography

Culture of Pakistan : -

The society and culture of Pakistan (Urdu: ِت� پاکستان (S̱aqāfat-e Pākistān ثقاف

comprises numerous ethnic groups: the Punjabis,Kashmiris, Sindhis in east, Muhajirs, Makrani in the south; Baloch, Hazaras and Pashtun in the west; and the ancient Dardic, Wakhi,Baltistani and Burusho communities in the north. The culture of these Pakistani ethnic groups have been greatly influenced by many of its neighbors, such as the other South Asians, Turkic peoples as well as the peoples of Central Asia and the Middle East.

The origins of the current Pakistani culture can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization, which was contemporaneous with the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian civilizations, around 5500 years ago. The region has formed a distinct unit within the main geographical complex of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia from the earliest times, and is analogous to the position of Afghanistan.[1] There are differences among the ethnic groups in cultural aspects such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Their cultural origins also reveal influences from far afield, including China, Indiaand Afghanistan. Pakistan was the first region of South Asia to be fully impacted by Islam and has thus developed a distinct Islamic identity, historically different from areas further east.[

Language :-

Pakistan's national language is Urdu. English and Urdu are the official languages. In 2015, the government announced its plans to make Urdu as the sole official language and abolish English.[2] The country is also home to several regional languages, includingPunjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri,hindko Brahui, Shina, Balti, Khowar, Dhatki, Marwari, Wakhi and Burushaski. From among these, four (Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, and Balochi) are provincial languages.

Almost all of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.

Festivals and observances :-

1. Ramadan 2. Chand Raat 3. Eid4. Milaad un Nabi5. Muharrum6. Jashn-e-Baharan7. Chirstmas8. Independence Day9. Defence Day Parade

Education :-

Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in the financing of research and development. Article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to

children of the age group 3 to 16 years. "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law".

Sports :-

The most popular sport in Pakistan is cricket, while field hockey, polo, and squash are also popular in Pakistan. Traditional sports likekabaddi and other well-known games are also played.

Pakistani cuisine :-

Pakistani cuisine (Urdu: پکوان is a refined blend of various (پاکستانیregional cooking traditions of South Asia. Pakistani cuisine is very similar to North Indian cuisine, but incorporates noticeable Central Asian and Middle Eastern influences and is more meat-oriented.

Clothing :- Pakistani national dress. The shalwar kameez is the national dress of Pakistan and is worn by men and women in all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the country and in Azad Kashmir. Shalwar refers to loose trousers and kameez refers to shirts.

Cultural heritage :-

Buddhism has left its mark on Pakistan. The ancient kingdom of Gandhara, in northern Pakistan, was a major center of Buddhist learning and arts from the first to fifth centuriesAD. With influences from the West, Buddhists developed a tradition of Gandhara art that combined motifs from Persia, Greece, and Rome with Buddhist forms. The Indian-Islamic style of

architecture, the many shrines of thepirs(Sufi saints), and the mosques such as theBadshahi Mosquein Lahore indicate the influence of Islam.

Economy of Pakistan :- The economy of Pakistan is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, and 41st largest in terms of nominal Gross Domestic Product.

Currency: Pakistani rupeeGDP per capita: 1,275.30 USD (2013) World BankGross domestic product: 232.3 billion USD (2013) World BankGNI per capita: 4,840 PPP dollars (2013) World BankGDP growth rate: 4.4% annual change (2013) World BankGross national income: 881.4 billion PPP dollars (2013) World BankInternet users: 10.9% of the population (2013) World Bank

Government of Pakistan :- The Government of Pakistan (Urdu: ِت� پاکستان is a federal government established by (حکوم

the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a

proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called theIslamic Republic of Pakistan .

Capital: IslamabadPrime minister: Nawaz Sharif

President: Mamnoon Hussain

Social problem :-

1. Poverty 2. Illiteracy 3. Intrenational problem 4. Health 5. Girls education

Hofstede dimension of Pakistan :-

What about Pakistan?

Power DistanceThis dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal – it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.

With an intermediate score of 55, it is not possible to determine a preference for Pakistan in this dimension. 

IndividualismThe fundamental issue addressed by this dimension is the degree of interdependence

a society maintains among its members. It has to do with whether people´s self-image is defined in terms of “I” or “We”.In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to ‘in groups’ that take care of them in exchange for loyalty.

Pakistan, with a very low score of 14, is considered a collectivistic society. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member 'group', be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. In collectivist societies offence leads to shame and loss of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family link), hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employee’s in-group, management is the management of groups.

MasculinityA high score (Masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that starts in school and continues throughout organisational life.A low score (Feminine) on the dimension means that the dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life. A Feminine society is one where quality of life is the sign of success and standing out from the crowd is not admirable. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Masculine) or liking what you do (Feminine).Pakistan scores 50 on this dimension, and as this is an exactly intermediate score it cannot be said if Pakistan has a preference to Masculinity of femininity. 

Uncertainty avoidanceThe dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways.  The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the UAI score.

Pakistan scores 70 on this dimension and thus has a high preference for avoiding uncertainty. Countries exhibiting high Uncertainty Avoidance maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are intolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas. In these cultures there is an emotional need for rules (even if the rules never seem to work) time is money, people have an inner urge to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted, security is an important element in individual motivation.

Long Term OrientationThis dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, and societies prioritise these two existential goals differently. Normative societies. which score low on this dimension, for example, prefer to maintain time-honoured traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion. Those with a culture which scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach: they encourage thrift and efforts in modern education as a way to prepare for the future.With an intermediate score of 50, the culture of Pakistan cannot be said to indicate a preference .

IndulgenceOne challenge that confronts humanity, now and in the past, is the degree to which small children are socialized. Without socialization we do not become “human”. This dimension is defined as the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised. Relatively weak control is called “Indulgence” and relatively strong control is called “Restraint”. Cultures can, therefore, be described as Indulgent or Restrained.Pakistan, with an extremely low score of 0 on this dimension, can be said to be a very Restrained society. Societies with a low score in this dimension have a tendency to cynicism and pessimism. Also, in contrast to Indulgent societies, Restrained societies do not put much emphasis on leisure time and control the gratification of their desires. People with this orientation have the perception that their actions are Restrained by social norms and feel that indulging themselves is somewhat wrong.

Bibliography:-

Blood, Peter R., ed.Pakistan, a Country Study. 6th ed. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1995.

Castle, Coralie and Margaret Gin.Peasant Cooking of Many Lands. San Fransisco, Calif.: 101 Productions, 1972.

Eglar, Zekiye.A Punjabi Village in Pakistan.New York: Columbia University Press, 1960

National Institute of Folk Heritage.Folk Heritage of Pakistan.Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Folk Heritage, 1977.

Quddus, Syed Abdul.The Cultural Patterns of Pakistan.Lahore, Pakistan: Ferozsons,

1989.