curricula and syllabus for m.tech. - eternal university · vhdl model and simulation of...

Curricula and Syllabus

for

M.TECH.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING WITH

SPECIALIZATION

Akal College of Engineering and Technology

Eternal University, Baru Sahib

2016 - 2017

Website: www.eternaluniversity.edu.in

http://www.eternaluniversity.edu.in/

Courses Offered in Semester I

Sr. No. Course Code Course Title L+T+P Credits

1. ECE501 VHDL 3+1+0 4

2. ECE502 Digital Speech And Image Processing 3+1+0 4

3. ECE503 Advance Engineering Mathematics 3+1+0 4

4. ECE599 Research Methodology 3+0+0 3

5. ECL501 VHDL Lab 0+0+1 1

Total Credits 16

Courses Offered in Semester II

Sr. No. Course

Code Course Title L+T+P Credits

1. ECE504

Reliability of Electronics Communication

Systems 3+1+0 4

2. ECE505 Data Communication Networks 3+1+0 4

3. ECE506 Modern Communication Systems 3+1+0 4

4. Elective-I 3+1+0 4

5. ECL510

Communication Systems Simulation using

MATLAB 0+0+1 1

6. ECE530 Synopsis 0+0+0 0

Total Credits 17

Elective-I

Sr. No. Course


1. ECE507 Optical Communication Systems 3+1+0 4

2. ECE508 Wireless Communication 3+1+0 4

3. ECE509 CMOS Digital IC Design

3+1+0 4

Courses Offered in Semester III


1. ECE511 Neural network & Fuzzy Logic 3+1+0 4

2. ECE512

Semiconductor Optical Communication

Components and Devices 3+1+0 4

3. ECE513 Semiconductor Optoelectronics 3+1+0 4

4. ECE514 OFDM for Wireless Communication 3+1+0 4

5. ECL517 Optical Fibre Communication Lab 0+0+1 1

6. Elective-II

7. ECE536 Seminar 0+0+0 2

Total Credits 23

Elective-II


1. ECE515 Optical Fabrication and Testing 3+1+0 4

2. ECE516 Guided Wave Optics 3+1+0 4

Courses Offered in Semester IV


1. ECE529 Free Space Optical Networks 3+1+0 4

2. ECE536 Dissertation 0+0+16 16

Total Credits 20

Grand Total 76

FIRST SEMESTER

VHDL ECE501

L T C

3 1 4

Instruction to the paper setters

Max.Marks:100

Paper should consist of EIGHT questions out of which students have to attempt FIVE questions

each of TWENTY marks.

Note: Examiner must ensure that the Question paper covers all the FIVE units of the syllabus

UNIT-1

Introduction to VHDL, Basic Language element of VHDL, Design flow for the VHDL design

methodology, Behavioral Modeling, Data flow modeling, Structural modeling, Component

Declaration, Data objects, Classes and data types component instantiation, package

declaration, package body.

UNIT-2

Assignment statements, sequential statements and process, conditional statements, case

statements array and loops, libraries, concurrent statements with examples. Attribute and

aliase function, configuration declaration , configuration specification generic declaration.

UNIT-3

VHDL model and simulation of combinational circuits such as multiplexers, demultiplexers,

encoders, decoders, code convertors, comparators, implementation of Boolean

function etc.

UNIT-4

VHDL model and simulation of sequential circuits, shift registers, counters etc.

UNIT-5

Introduction of test bench. Design of test bench for UUT such as half adder, full adder,

encoder , decoder etc. introduction of FSM machine. Design of FSM for synchronous

sequential circuits. Programmable logic devices: CPLDs and FPGA. Design implementation

using CPLDs and FPGAs.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. J. Bhaskar, ― A VHDL Primer‖, Addison Wesley, 1999.

2. C. H. Roth, ―Digital System Design using VHDL‖, PWS Publishing, 2003.

3. Moris Mano, ―Fundamentals of Logic Design‖, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2003.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. M. Ercegovac, T. Lang and L.J. Moreno, ‖Introduction to Digital Systems‖, Wiley,

2000

2. J.F. Wakerly, ―Digital Design-Principles and Practices‖, PHL, 2000.

3. Douglas Perry, ―VHDL‖, MGH, 2000.

4. Michae John Sebastian Smith, ―Application-Specific Integrated Circuits‖, AddisonWesley,

2000.

5. Z. Navabi, ― VHDL-Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems‖, MGH, 2000.

DIGITAL SPEECH AND IMAGE PROCESSING ECE502

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Review of Filter design. Linear phase FIR filters. Methods of FIR filter design. Methods of

IIR filter design. Applications of FIR & IIR filters in speech, image, seismic, medical and

other areas.

UNIT-2

Speech Processing: Review of human speech and Acoustic theory, nature of sound,

harmonics, resonance measurement, virtual display. Music theory, pitch, duration, intervals,

rhythm. Human speech production, the vocal tract, the Larynx, the source filter. Speech

signal processing the phasor mode.

UNIT-3

Fourier transfer, DFT, FFT. The hardware use of FIR & IIR filters. Software, Elements of

speech Synthesis speech Recognition speech in the computer human interface.

UNIT-4

Image Processing: Characterization of images as two dimensional discrete fields, unitary

transforms— DFT. Hadamard, slant and cosine transforms, compression schemes Karhunen.

UNIT-5

Loeve compression predictive coding schemes. Image enhancement gray scale modification,

edge enhancement, restoration Wiener filtering, constrained deconvolution, recursive filtering.

Segmentation, edge detection, thresholding, textural properties, geometry and shape

description.

TEXT BOOKS:

1.Digital Signal Processing by Proakis & Manolakis

2.Speech and Audio Processing for multimedia PC’s by Iain Murray

3.Digital Image Processing by Keenneth R Castleman, Pearson Education Society.

4.Digital Image Processing by Rafact Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Pearson Education

Society.

ADVANCE ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS ECE503

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Review of probability theory and random variables: Transformation (function) of

random variables; Conditional expectation.

UNIT-2

Sequences of random variables: convergence of sequences of random variables.

UNIT-3

Stochastic processes: wide sense stationary processes, orthogonal increment processes,

Wiener process, and the Poisson process, KL expansion. Ergodicity, Mean square continuity,

mean square derivative and mean square integral of stochastic processes.

UNIT-4

Stochastic systems: response of linear dynamic systems (e.g. state space or ARMA

systems) to stochastic inputs; Lyapunov equations.

UNIT-5

Correlation function, power spectral density function, introduction to linear least square

estimation, Wiener filtering and Kalman filtering.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables and stochastic processes, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill,

1983.

2. A. Larson and B.O. Schubert, Stochastic Processes, Vol.I and II, Holden-Day, 1979.

3. W. Gardener, Stochastic Processes, McGraw Hill, 1986.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ECE599

L T C

3 0 3


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

History, myths and ethnic practices; need, importance and impact of research; types of

research; research process.

Synopsis writing: Selecting research problem; formulation of research projects; survey of

literature; research infrastructure; experimental designs; sampling designs; recording of

observations ; measurement and scaling techniques; GLPs.

UNIT-2

Formulation and types of hypothesis; collection, maintenance, storage and analysis of data;

measures of central tendencies and relationships and error analysis; tests of significance.

UNIT-3

Compilation and presentation of results, Writing of manuscripts; research reports and thesis;

organization of reference material using endnote; bibliography; plagiarism; IPR and patent

application, entrepreneurship.

UNIT-4

Financial support and various funding agencies; Multidisciplinary and multi-institutional

research; writing research proposal for external funding.

UNIT-5

Computer and informatics; introduction; word processing, excel, power point presentation;

graph and figure plotting; web browsing; information resources and various databases.

Demonstration of departmental research activities and instrumentation

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques by Kothari CR.

2. Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners by Kumar R.

3. Research Methodology by Murthy C.

4. Research Methodology For Biological Sciences by Gurumani N.

VHDL LAB ECL501

P C

2 1

Practical will be based on VHDL. Following list of experiments is being

recommended:

1. PROGRAM FOR HALF ADDER USING

Data flow

Behavioral

2. PROGRAM FOR FULL ADDER USING

a. Data flow

b. Behavioral

3. PROGRAM FOR MUX USING

a. Behavioral

b. Case

4. PROGRAM FOR DEMUX USING

a. Behavioral

b. Case

5. PROGRAM FOR BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DECODER USING

a. Behavioral

b. case

6. PROGRAM FOR 3:8 DECODER USING

a. Structural

b. data flow

c. Behavioral

7. PROGRAM FOR SINGLE BIT COMPARATOR USING

a. Structural

b. data flow

c. Behavioral

8. Program for four bit parallel adder (for).

9. Program for SR flip-flop with reset (behavioral).

10. Program for JK flip-flop with reset (behavioral).

11. Program for priority encoder using data flow.

12. Program for decade counter (behavioral).

13. Program for FSM (detecting a sequence 1010).

14. Program for gates using test benches.

15. Program for D FLIP-FLOP using (behavioral).

16. Program for T FLIP- FLOP.

17. Program for binary to gray converter

18. Program for gray to binary convertor.

19. Implement all program (given above) on FPGA/CPLD kit.

SECOND SEMESTER

RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ECE504

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Concept of reliability: Failures of systems and its modes. Measure of Reliability, Reliability

function, Hazard rate, MTBF and their interrelations.

UNIT-2

Reliability Data and Analysis: Data sources. Data collection, use of Reliability Data,

Reliability Analysis, Performance Parameters, calculation of failure rate, Application of

Weibill distribution.

UNIT-3

System Reliability and Modeling: Series systems, Parallel system, series parallel systems.

Time dependence, Reliability Determination, Stand by systems, r out of n, Configurations,

Methods of tie set and cut sets of or reliability evaluation, simulation and Reliability

prediction. Monte Carlo method, concepts of network topology. Overall reliability evolution.

UNIT-4

Maintainability and Availability: Maintainability and its equation. Factors Affecting

maintainability. Measures of Maintainability, Mean Down Time, Availability Intrinsic

availability equipment availability & Mission availability. Replacement processes and

Policies.

UNIT-5

Life Testing of Equipments: Nondestructive tests, destruction tests and their Mathematic

modeling. Quality and Reliability, Measurement & prediction of Human Reliability,

Reliability and safety, safety margins in critical Devices, case studies.

Value Engineering: Techniques in value Engg; Structure of value Engg. Reliability

Management.

Books Recommended:

1. Reliability Engg. By Govil,

2. Reliability Engg. By Dr.A.K.Aggarwal, 1992.

3. Related IEEE/IEE publications 14

DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ECE505

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction to computer communication networks and layered architecture overview. Packet

switching and Fast packet switching.

UNIT-2

Point to Point Protocols and links: ARQ retransmission strategies. Selective repeat ARQ.

Framing and standard Data Link Control protocol-HDLC, SDLC, LAPD. Queuing models

in communication networks.

UNIT-3

Multi-access Communication and multiple access protocols:

ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMD/CD. Performance modelling and analysis.

UNIT-4

Local Area Networks: Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI. Design and analysis.

Internetworking issues: Bridges, Routers and Switched networks. Routing and Flow Control

algorithms in data networks.

UNIT-5

Broadband Networks: ATM, Frame relay and Gigabit Ethernet. Traffic Management in

ATM networks.

Texts/References:

R G Gallager and D Bertsekas, Data Networks, Prentice Hall of India, 1992.

J F Hayes, Modelling and Analysis of Computer Communication Networks, Plenum

Publishing Corporation, New York, 1984.

W Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, Prentice Hall of India, 1997.

R Rom and M Sidi, Multiple Access Protocols, Springer Verlag, 1990.

M DePrycker, ATM-solutions for Broadband ISDN, Prentice Hall of USA, 1995.

MODERN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ECE506

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction to analog and digital communication systems, baseband, bandpass and equivalent

lowpass signal representations, concept of pre-envelop and Hilbert transform, representation of

bandpass stochastic processes, concept of sampling and reconstruction of signal, introduction to

oversampling,

UNIT-II

Sigma-delta A/D converter, PCM, DPCM and ADPCM systems, memoryless modulation

methods, linear modulation with memory, nonlinear modulation methods with memory, power

spectra of CPFSK and CPM signals, Comparison of QPSK, MSK and GMSK.

UNIT-III

Probability of error calculations for binary modulation, M-ary orthogonal signals, biorthogonal

signals, simplex signals, M-ary binary coded signals, M-ary PAM, M-ary PSK, DPSK, QAM

UNIT-IV

Characterization of band limited channels, design of band limited signals for no ISI, Design of

band limited signals with controlled ISI, data detection for controlled ISI, signal design for

channels with distortion, probability of error for detection of PAM with zero ISI.

Recommended Books:

Proakis, John G., Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill (1995).

Haykin, Simon, Digital Communications, Wiley (1988).

Haykin, Simon, Communication Systems, Wiley (2001).

Proakis, John G. and Masoud, Salehi, Communication Systems Engineering, Prentice Hall

(2001).

ELECTIVE-I

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ECE507

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction of optical transmitter and receiver, Block diagram of typical Transmitter and

Receiver. Optical Networking: Principles and Challenges: Wavelength-Division

Multiplexing (WDM) WDM Networking Evolution, WDM Network Constructions, WDM

Economics. Enabling Technologies: Building Blocks Optical Fiber, Optical Transmission in

Fiber Optical Transmitters, Optical Receivers and Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switching

Elements.

UNIT-2

Single-Hop Networks: Characteristics of a single-hop systems, Non-Pretransmission

coordination protocols, Pretransmission coordination protocols, Multihop Networks:

Characteristics of a Multihop System

UNIT-3

Elements of virtual topology design: Introduction, system architecture, virtual topology

reconfiguration. Static Lightpath Establishment (SLE), Dynamic Lightpath Establishment

(DLE). Basics of Wavelength Conversion

UNIT-4

Fibre cable connecterization- Splicing, connectors, components of Fiber Optic networks,

Transceivers, semiconductor, optical amplifiers- principle of operation, gain, bandwidth,

crosstalk, noise, applications. Advantages and disadvantages, wavelength conversion,

designing WDM networks.

UNIT-5

Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)- Operation, gain, noise, components of EDFA

module. Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fiber communication, Introduction of

Raman amplifier. Optical Cycle Elimination: Introduction, Wavelength Crossconnect

Switches, Network Assumptions.

Recommended Books:

Murthy, C. Siva Ram, Mohan Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks: Concepts, Design, and

Algorithms, PHI (2001).

Maier, Marti, Optical Switching Networks, Cambridge University Press (2005).

Sivalingam, Krishna M., Subramaniam, Suresh, Emerging Optical Networks Technologies:

Architectures, Protocols, and Performance, Springer (2005).

Mukherjee, Biswanath, Optical WDM Networks, Tata McGraw Hill (2006).

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ECE508

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies Prioritizing

Handoffs, Practical Handoff Considerations, Interference and system capacity –

Co channel Interference and system capacity, Channel planning for Wireless Systems,

Adjacent Channel interference, Power Control for Reducing interference, Trunking and

Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in Cellular Systems- Cell Splitting,

Sectoring.

UNIT –2

Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free Space Propagation Model, Relating Power to

Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection from

Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect conductors, Ground Reflection (TwoRay)

Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geometry, Knife-edge Diffraction Model, Multiple

knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering.

UNIT –3

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small –Scale Fading and Multipath: Small Scale Multipath

propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, Small-Scale Multipath

Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time

Dispersion Parameters, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types

of Small-Scale Fading-Fading effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading,

Frequency selective fading, Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading.

UNIT-4

Equalization and Diversity: Introduction, Fundamentals of Equalization, Training A Generic

Adaptive Equalizer, Equalizers in a communication Receiver, Linear Equalizers, Non-linear

Equalization Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), Maximum Likelihood Sequence

Estimation (MLSE) Equalizer, Diversity Techniques-Derivation of selection Diversity

improvement, Derivation of Maximal Ratio Combining improvement, Practical Space

Diversity Consideration Selection Diversity, RAKE Receiver.

UNIT-5

Wireless Networks: Introduction to wireless Networks, Advantages and disadvantages of

Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN Topologies, WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11,IEEE

802.11 Medium Access Control, Comparison of IEEE 802.11 a,b,g and n standards, IEEE

802.16 and its enhancements, Wireless PANs, Hiper Lan, WLL.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rappaport, 2nd Ed., 2002,

PHI.

2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.

3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE.

2. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.

3. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.

4. Wireless Communication – Upen Dalal, Oxford Univ. Press.

5. Wireless Communications and Networking – Vijay K. Gary, Elsevier.

CMOS DIGITAL IC DESIGN ECE509

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

MOS Design: Pseudo NMOS Logic – Inverter, Inverter threshold voltage, Output high voltage,

Output Low voltage, Gain at gate threshold voltage, Transient response, Rise time, Fall time,

Pseudo NMOS logic gates, Transistor equivalency, CMOS Inverter logic.

UNIT-2

Combinational MOS Logic Circuits: MOS logic circuits with NMOS loads, Primitive CMOS

logic gates – NOR & NAND gate, Complex Logic circuits design – Realizing Boolean

expressions using NMOS gates and CMOS gates AOI and OIA gates, CMOS full adder, CMOS

transmission gates, Designing with Transmission gates.

UNIT-3

Sequential MOS Logic Circuits: Behavior of bistable elements, SR Latch, Clocked latch and

flip flop circuits, CMOS D latch and edge triggered flipflop.

UNIT-4

Dynamic Logic Circuits: Basic principle, Voltage Bootstrapping, Synchronous dynamic pass

transistor circuits, Dynamic CMOS transmission gate logic, High performance Dynamic CMOS

circuits.

UNIT-5

Semiconductor Memories: Types, RAM array organization, DRAM – Types, Operation,

Leakage currents in DRAM cell and refresh operation, SRAM operation Leakage currents in

SRAM cells, Flash Memory- NOR flash and NAND flash.

Books Recommended:

1. Digital Integrated Circuit Design – Ken Martin, Oxford University Press, 2011.

2. CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and Design – Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf

Leblebici, TMH, 3rd Ed., 2011.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective – Ming-BO Lin,

CRC Press, 2011

2. Digital Integrated Circuits – A Design Perspective, Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan,

Borivoje Nikolic, 2nd Ed., PHI.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SIMULATION USING MATLAB ECL510

P C

2 1

1. Simulation of Fibre Optic Communication Systems

2. Microwave satellite link design

3. Microwave line of sight with design

4. Fibre Optic WDM System simulation

5. LAN/WAN Topologies Simulation

THIRD SEMESTER

NEURAL NETWORK & FUZZY LOGIC ECE511

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Neural networks : introduction. neural networks, supervised or unsupervised learning, feed

forward network, Hopfield network.

Neural network models: neural network models, layers in neural network and their connections.

lnstar , outstar, weights on connections, threshold function, application- Adaline and madaline .

UNIT-2

Backpropagation: feed forward back propagation network- mapping, layout, training, BPN

applications.

Learning and training: objectives of learning, Hebbs rule, delta rule, supervised learning,

unsupervised networks, learning vector quantizer, associative memory models , one-shot

learning, resonance, stability, training and convergence .

UNIT-3

Fuzzy Logic: Introduction. fuzzy sets, fuzzy operations, fuzziness in neural networks, neural

trained fuzzy system.

BAM- Bidirectional associative memory, inputs and outputs, weights and training.

UNIT-4 FAM-fuzzy associative memory, association. FAM neural networks, encoding ,

Adaptive Resource theory- network for ART, processing in ART.

Kohen Sel f Organizing Map: Competitive learning, lateral inhibition, training law for Kohen

network, implementation, applications to pattern recognition.

UNIT-5 Application of fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy databases and quantification, fuzzy control,

designing fuzzy logic controller.

BOOKS:

1. Rao, Vallinu B.,and Rao, Hayagriva . Neural networks and fuzzy Logic, second edition, BPB

Publication

SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS AND

DEVICES ECE512

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Historical development of Optical Communications, Modulation and Bandwidth in Optical

Communications. Optical Communication Capacity - DWDM and CWDM, Present

Technology and future trends.

UNIT-2

Refractive Index in semiconductor materials. Review of electromagnetic theory. Review of

Semiconductors. Band structure. Direct and Indirect Transitions. Density of States.

Spontaneous and Stimulated Recombination. Surface and Edge emitting LEDs. Efficiency

Calculation of LEDs.

UNIT-3

Diode Lasers. Gain. Fabry-Perrot Cavity. Near and Far-field pattern. Types of semiconductor

diode lasers. Photon lifetime. Power conversion efficiency and Differential Gain. Tunability

of Semiconductor lasers. Quantum Well and Quantum Dot lasers. Noise in semiconductor

lasers.

UNIT-4

Detectors. Photon Absorption and Excess carrier generation choice of semiconductor.

Photoconductors and MSM detectors. PIN Photodiodes. Heterostructure and Quantum Well

photodiodes. Efficiency and Responsivity calculation of Photodiodes. Carrier Multiplication

and Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs)

UNIT-5

Photonic Integrated Circuits. Optical Amplifiers. Electro-optic effect and phase shifters - bulk

and quantized structures. Machzehnder Modulator. External modulation of semiconductor

lasers. Coplanar and Vertical couplers. Grating assisted couplers. Ring cavity couplers for add-

drop. Photodiode-Amplifier Integration.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Guided Wave Photonics: A. B. Buckman, HBJ Saunders publisher.

2. Guided Wave Optoelectronics: Ed. T. Tamir, Springer v26.

3. Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices: P. K. Bhattacharya, Prentice Hall

publishers.

4. Optical Fiber Communications: J. M. Senior, Prentice Hall publishers.

SEMICONDUCTOR OPTOELECTRONICS ECE513

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Review of Semiconductor Device Physics: Energy bands in solids, the E-k diagram, Density

of states, Occupation probability, Fermi level and quasi Fermi levels, p-n junctions, Schottky

junction and Ohmic contacts. Semiconductor optoelectronic materials, Bandgap modification,

Heterostructures and Quantum Wells.

UNIT-2

Interaction of photons with electrons and holes in a semiconductor: Rates of emission

and absorption, Condition for amplification by stimulated emission, the laser amplifier.

UNIT-3

Semiconductor Photon Sources: Electroluminescence. The LED: Device structure,

materials and characteristics. The Semiconductor Laser: Basic structure, theory and device

characteristics; direct current modulation.Quantum-well lasers; DFB-, DBR- and verticalcavity

surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL); Laser diode arrays. Device packages and handling.

UNIT-4

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers & Modulators: Semiconductor optical amplifiers

(SOA), SOA characteristics and some applications, Quantumconfined Stark Effect and

Electro-Absorption Modulators.

UNIT-5

Semiconductor Photodetectors: Types of photodetectors, Photoconductors, Single junction

under illumination: photon and carrier-loss mechanisms, Noise in photodetection;

Photodiodes, PIN diodes and APDs: structure, materials, characteristics, and device

performance. Photo-transistors, solar cells, and CCDs. Optoelectronic integrated circuits -

OEICs.

Text Books:

B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2nd

Ed. (2007).

2. P. Bhattacharya, Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India (1997).

3. J. Singh, Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Physics and Technology, McGraw-Hill Inc.

(1995).

4. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, McGraw-Hill Inc., 3rd Ed. (2000).

5. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford

University Press, New York (2007), 6th Ed.

6. J. M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communication: Principles and Practice,

Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Ed.(1994).

OFDM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ECE514

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

OFDM Principles: System Model: Generation of sub carrier using IFFT - guard time - cyclic

extensions - windowing - choice of OFDM parameters - signal processing - OFDM bandwidth

efficiency.

UNIT-2 PAPR Reduction Techniques: Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR): Peak power problem -

distribution of PAPR - clipping and peak windowing - peak cancellation - PAPR reduction codes

- symbol scrambling.

UNIT-3 OFDM Time and Frequency Domain Synchronization: System performance with frequency

and timing errors; Synchronization algorithms - comparison of frequency acquisition algorithms

- BER performance with frequency synchronization.

UNIT-4 Adaptive Single and Multiuser OFDM Techniques: Adaptive Modulation for OFDM:

Adaptive OFDM speech system - pre-equalization; Comparison of adaptive techniques - near

optimum power and bit allocation in OFDM - multiuser AOFDM.

UNIT-5 Multiuser OFDM Systems: Multiuser Systems: Maximum likelihood enhanced sphere

decoding of MIMO OFDM - classification of smart antennas; Introduction to Space Time

Processing: SDM OFDM system model - optimized hierarchy reduced search algorithm - aided

SDM detection.

Reference Books: 1. Ramjee Prasad, ―OFDM for Wireless Communication Systems‖, Artech House, 2004.

2. Richard D. J. Van Nee and Ramjee Prasad, ―OFDM for Wireless Multimedia

Communication‖, Artech House, 1999.

3. L. Hanzo, and T. Keller, ―OFDM and MC-CDMA: A Primer‖, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

4. L. Hanzo, M. Münster, B.J. Choi and T. Keller, ―OFDM and MC-CDMA for Broadband

Multiuser Communication, WLANs and Broadcasting‖, John Wiley and Sons, 2012.

5. Henrik Schulze and Christian Lueders, ―Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA‖,

John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2005.

ELECTIVE-II

OPTICAL FABRICATION AND TESTING ECE515

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Optical materials: Glasses, IR materials, Optical, mechanical and thermal properties of optical

materials, Fabrication of lenses, mirrors and flats: spherical curve generation, polishing and

figuring of “Curved Surfaces” of glass materials.

UNIT-2

Aspheric surface polishing/figuring, Polishing and figuring of IR materials: Ge, ZnSe and Zns,

Advanced computer controlled polishing: Techniques, MRF polishing, Ion polishing,

Micro-optics fabrication techniques, Large Mirrors fabrication techniques.

UNIT-3

Testing of lens components: Measurement of parameters: focal length, refractive index,

dispersion parameters. Surface error measurements by contact techniques, Testing of mirror

components.

UNIT-4

Principles of interferometry contact/non-contact modes, Different interferometric techniques.

Testing of lenses and Mirrors.

UNIT-5

Interferometers: Twyman-Green, Fiezeau, Fabry-Perot and phase shifting interferometric

techniques, Wavefront error analysis Zernike co-efficients evaluation.

Reference Books:

1. Fabrication methods for precision Optics” Hank H.Karow Wiley series, 2004

2. Introduction to optical testing”, Jolegn on – Geary 1993.

3. Optical Shop Testing” Daniel Malacna (Third Edition) 2007

4. Instrumentation analysis for Optical testing (Optical Engineering “ D Malacna Z-Malacna

CLC process -1998

5. Reflecting Telescope Optics –I” R.N.Wilson – 2002

6. Reflecting Telescope - Spinger – Vol. II

7. The design and construction of large optical Telescopes” Pierre Bely Springer – 2003 –

Academic process

GUIDED WAVE OPTICS ECE516

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Basic characteristic of Optical Fiber Waveguides – Ray theory- Acceptance angle, Numerical

aperture,skew rays - Electromagnetic Modes in Planar waveguides and Cylindrical Waveguides,

Goos-Haenchen shift - Step index and Graded index Fibers- Single Mode and multimode fibers

UNIT-2

Dispersion in single mode fibers- dispersion induced limitations- dispersion management, Fiber

losses attenuation coefficient, Nonlinear optical effects-SRS, SBS, SPM - modal birefringence

and polarization maintaining fibers

UNIT-3

Measurement Methods in Optical Fibers – attenuation, refractive index profile, numerical

aperture pulse dispersion and bandwidth, cutoff wavelength, bending loss, mode field diameter

birefringence measurements, OTDR

UNIT-4

Coupled mode theory and applications- coupling equations, degenerate and non-degenerate

mode coupling, coupling between optical source to waveguide, fiber to fiber joints, fiber

splicing, optical fiber connector between waveguides

UNIT-5

Optical Fiber Amplifiers- Optical amplification, Erbium doped Fiber Amplifier, Fiber Raman

Amplifier, Wide band amplifiers. Optical integrated circuits.

References:

1. Introduction to Fiber Optics, Ghatak and Thyagarajan, Cambridge University Press (2009)

2. Foundations for Guided wave Optics, Chin-Lin Chen, John Wiley and Sons (2007)

3. Optical Fiber Communications, Gerd Keiser, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2008)

4. Optical Fiber communications, J M Senior, Prentice Hall of India (1994)

5. Fundamentals of Optoelectronics, C R Pollock, Irwin Inc., (1995)

6. Fiber Optic communications systems, G P Agrawal, Third Edition, Wiley Interscience (2002)

7. Integrated Optics-Theory and Technology, R G Hunsperger, Sixth edition, Springer (2009)

8. Photonics-Optical Electronics in Modern communications, A Yariv and P Yeh, Sixth edition,

Oxford University Press (2007)

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION LAB ECL517

P C

2 1

1.To study the basic structure and types of the optical fiber.

2. To measure the numerical aperture (NA) of the different cables provided.

3. To measure the optical power emitted by the LED.

4. To observe the attenuation & coupling loss in optical fiber.

5. Describe the operational characteristics and parameters of Photodiode used as photo

detector in fiber optic system.

6. To check the transmission characteristic of LED & laser source.

7. To carry out measurement on digital communication systems.

8. To become familiar with different types of multiplexing techniques.

9. To carry out an audio +video communication system consisting of: audio and video

source; audio video multiplexer and de-multiplexer ; analog transmitter and receive

on optical fiber ; loud speaker.

10. To carry out an optical Multiplexing of AUDIO/VIDEO /DATA communication

system.

Some practicals are to be implemented with the help of simulation software like

optsim.

FOURTH SEMESTER

FREE SPACE OPTICAL NETWORKS ECE529 L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction: Introduction: Propagation of light in unguided media - laser beam characteristics -

atmospheric effects on optical signals - coding for atmospheric optical propagation - LIDAR.

UNIT-2 FSO Transceiver Design: Light Sources: Modulators - photo detectors and receivers - optical

amplification - optical signal to noise ratio - acquisition, pointing and tracking - adaptive and

active optics - laser safety - node housing and mounting.

UNIT-3

Point to Point FSO Systems: Simple PTP Design: Transponder nodes - hybrid FSO and RF -

FSO point to multipoint - FSO point to mobile; Ring FSO Systems: Ring topologies and service

protection - ring nodes with add drop - concatenated rings - ring to network connectivity.

UNIT-4

Mesh FSO Systems: FSO Nodes for Mesh Topology: Hybrid mesh FSO with RF - hybrid FSO

fiber networks; WDM Mesh FSO: DWDM and CWDM optical channels - WDM FSO links -

WDM mesh FSO networks - service protection in mesh FSO networks.

UNIT-5

FSO Network Security and Applications: Cryptography: Security levels - security layers - FSO

inherent security features; FSO Specific Applications: FSO networks for highway assisted

communications - mesh FSO in disaster areas - visual light communication.

References Books: 1. Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, ―Free Space Optical Networks for Ultra-Broad Band Services‖,

IEEE Press, 2011.

2. Arun K. Majumdar and Jennifer C. Ricklin, ―Free-Space Laser Communications: Principles

and Advances‖, Springer, 2008.

3. Olivier Bouchet, Herve Sizun, Christian Boisrobert and Frederique De Fornel, ―FreeSpace

Optics: Propagation and Communication‖, John Wiley and Sons, 2010.

4. Heinz Willebrand and Baksheesh S. Ghuman, ―Free Space Optics: Enabling Optical

Connectivity in Today's Networks‖, Sams Publishing, 2002.


Sr.

No.

Course



2. ECE518 Low Power Design Technology 3+1+0 4

3. ECE519 Nanoelectronics 3+1+0 4

4. ECE520 VLSI Subsystem Design 3+1+0 4

5. ECL523 VLSI Design Lab 0+0+1 1

6. Elective-II

7. ECE536 Seminar 0+0+0 2

Total Credits 23

Elective-II

Sr. No. Course

Code Course Title

L+T+

P Credits

3. ECE521

Analog VLSI Design

3+1+0 4

4. ECE522 High Speed VLSI Design

3+1+0 4


Sr. No. Course


3. ECE531 VLSI Testing & Verification 3+1+0 4


Total Credits 20

Grand Total 76

THIRD SEMESTER


L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1





UNIT-2


applications.




UNIT-3










BOOKS:


Publication

LOW POWER DESIGN TECHNIQUES ECE518

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Low Power Micro-electronics: Retrospect and Prospect, Fundamentals of power dissipation

in microelectronic devices, Estimation of power dissipation due to switching, short circuit,

sub- threshold leakage, and diode leakage currents.

UNIT-2

CMOS Scaling: Scaling for High Performance and Low Power

UNIT-3

Low Voltage Technologies and Circuits: Threshold Voltage Scaling and Control, Multiple

Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS), Substrate Bias Controlled Variable Threshold CMOS, Testing

Issues: Design and test of low-voltage CMOS circuits.

UNIT-4

Circuit and Logic Styles: Power-conscious logic Styles, Adiabatic Logic Circuits. Power

Analysis and optimization: Power Analysis Techniques, Power Optimization Techniques,

Energy recovery techniques, Software power estimation and optimization Low-Power

Memory Circuits and architectures.

UNIT-5

Power Conscious High-Level Synthesis. Silicon -on-Insulator Based Technologies.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Roy,K.andPrasad,SharatC.,LowPowerCMOSVLSI:CircuitDesign,John Wiley(2009).

2. Chandrakasan,A.P.andBroderson,R.W.,LowPowerDigitalCMOSDesign, Kluwer (1995).

3. Rabaey,J.M. and Pedram, M., LowPower Design Methodologies,Springer(1996).

4. Yeo,K.S.andRoyK.,LowVoltage,LowPowerVLSISubsystems,McGrawHill(2004).

5. Sanchez-Sinencio,E.and Andreou, A.G.,Low-Voltage/Low-PowerIntegrated

CircuitsandSystems:Low-VoltageMixed-SignalCircuits,IEEE Press(1999).

6. Bellaouar,A.andElmasry,M.I.,Low-PowerDigitalVLSI Design:Circuitsand Systems,

NANOELECTRONICS ECE519

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Shrink-down approaches: Introduction to Nanoscale Systems, Length energy and timescales,

Top down approach to Nanolithography, CMOS Scaling, Limits to Scaling, System Integration

Limits-Interconnect issues, etc.

UNIT-2

Overview of Nanoelectronic sand Devices: The Nano-scale MOSFET, FinFETs, Vertical

MOSFETs, Resonant Tunneling Transistors, Single Electron Transistors, New Storage devices,

Optoelectronic and Spin electronics Devices.

Basics of Quantum Mechanics: History of Quantum Mechanics, Schrödinger Equation,

Quantum confinement of electrons in semiconductor nanostructures, 2Dconfinement(Quantum

Wells),Density of States, Ballistic Electron Transport, Coulomb Blockade, NEGF Formalism,

Scattering.

UNIT-3

Leakage in Nanometer CMOS Technologies: Taxonomy of Leakage: Introduction, Sources,

Impact and Solutions. Leakage dependence on Input Vector:Introduction, Stack Effect, Leakage

reduction using Natural Stacks, Leakage reduction using Forced Stacks. Power Gating and

Dynamic Voltage Scaling: Introduction, Power Gating, Dynamic Voltage Scaling, Power

Gating methodologies.

UNIT-4

Nano-Fabrication and Characterization: Fabrication: Photolithography, Electron-beam

Lithography, Advanced Nano-Lithography, Thin-Film Technology, MBE, CVD,

PECVD.

Characterization: Scanning ProbeMicroscopy, Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM), Photon

Spectroscopy, Nano Manipulators.

UNIT-5

Future Aspects of Nanoelectronics: Molecular Electronics: Molecular Semiconductors and

Metals, Electronic conduction in molecules, Molecular Logic Gates, Quantum point contacts,

Quantum dots and Bottom-up-approach, Carbon Nano-tube and its applications, Quantum

Computation and DNA Computation.

Overview of Organic Electronics: OLEDs, OLETs, Organic Solar Cells.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Lundstorm,M.andGuo,J.,NanoscaleTransistors–DevicePhysics,Modeling and

Simulation,Springer(2006).

2. Bhushan, B., Handbookof Nanotechnology, Springer(2007)2nded.

3. Beenaker,C.W.J.,andHouten, V.,Quantum Transportin Semiconductor

Nanostructures in Solid StatePhysics, EhernreichandTurnbell, AcademicPress

(1991).

4. Fahrner,W.R., Nanotechnologyand Nanoelectronics:Materials, Devicesand

MeasurementTechniques,Springer(2006).

5. Ferry, D.,Transportin Nanostructures, CambridgeUniversityPress(2008).

6. Mitin, V.V. and Kochelap, V.A., Introduction to Nanoelectronics: Science,

Nanotechnology, Engineeringand Application, CambridgePress(2008).

7. Draoman, M. and Dragoman, D., Nanoelectronics: Principles and Devices,

ArtechHouse(2008).

VLSI SUBSYSTEM DESIGN ECE520

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

LSI Design Flow, Design Methodologies, Abstraction Levels. Design of Data Processing

Elements: Adder Architectures, Multiplier Architectures, Counter

Architectures, ALU Architectures,DesignofStorageElements:Latches,Flip-Flops,Registers,

Register Files.

UNIT-2

Design of Control Part: Moore and Mealy Machines, PLA Based Implementation ,Random

Logic Implementation, Micro-programmed Implementation.

UNIT-3

Structuring of Logic Design: PLA Design, PLA Architectures, Gates Array Cell Design,

Concept of Standard Cell Based Design, Cell Library Design.

UNIT-4

Memory Design: SRAM cell, Various DRAM cells, RAM Architectures, Address Decoding,

Read/Write Circuitry, Sense Amplifier and their Design, ROM Design.

UNIT-5

Clocking Issues: Clocking Strategies, Clock Skew, Clock Distribution and Routing, Clock

Buffering, Clock Domains, Gated Clock, Clock Tree. Synchronization Failure and Meta-

stability.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Weste, N.H.E. and Eshragian, K., Principles of CMOS VLSI Design – A Systems Prespective,

Addison Wesley(1994)3rd ed.

2. Rabaey,J.M.,Chandrakasan,A.,andNikolic,B.,DigitalIntegratedCircuits-A

Design Perspective, Pearson Education (2008)3rd ed.

3. Wolf,W., Modern VLSI Design, Prentice Hall(2008)3rd ed.

4. Mead,C.andConway,L.,IntroductiontoVLSISystems,B.S.Publisher(1980)

2nded.

5. Uyemura, J.P, Circuit design for CMOS VLSI, Springer(2005)2nd ed.

ELECTIVE-II

ANALOG VLSI DESIGN ECE521

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Basic MOS Device Physics: MOS IV Characteristics, Second order effects, Short-Channel

Effects, MOS Device Models, Review of Small Signal MOS Transistor Models, MOSFET

Noise.

Analog MOS Process: Analog CMOS Process (Double Poly Process), Digital CMOS Process

tailored to Analog IC fabrication, Fabrication of active devices, passive devices and

interconnects, Analog Layout Techniques, Symmetry, Multi-finger transistors, Passive devices:

Capacitors and Resistors, Substrate Coupling, Ground Bounce. UNIT-2 Single Stage Amplifiers: Common Source Stage, Source Follower, Common Gate Stage,Cascode, Folded Cascode. Differential Amplifier: Single ended and Differential Operation, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Differential pair, Common Mode response, Gilbert Cell. UNIT-3

Current Sources and Mirrors: Current Sources, Basic Current Mirrors, Cascode Current

Mirrors, Wilson Current Mirror, Large Signal and Small-Signal analysis.

Frequency Response of Amplifiers: Miller Effect, Association of Poles with nodes,

Frequency Response of all single stage amplifiers. UNIT-4 Voltage References: Different Configurations of Voltage References, Major Issues, Supply Independent Biasing, Temperature-Independent References. Feedback: General Considerations, Topologies, Effect of Loading.

Operational Amplifier: General Considerations, Theory and Design, Performance Parameters,

Single-Stage Op Amps, Two-Stage Op Amps, Design of 2-stage MOS Operational Amplifier,

Gain Boosting, Comparison of various topologies, slew rate, Offset effects, PSRR. UNIT-5

Stability and Frequency Compensation: General Considerations, Multi-pole systems, Phase Margin, Frequency Compensation, Compensation Techniques. Noise: Noise Spectrum, Sources, Types, Thermal and Flicker noise, Representation in circuits,

Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure.

Switched-Capacitor Circuits: Sampling Switches, Speed Considerations, Precision

Considerations, Charge Injection Cancellation, Switched-Capacitor Amplifiers, Switched-

Capacitor Integrator, Switched-Capacitor Common-Mode Feedback.

Books Recommended:

1. Razavi, B., Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw Hill (2008).

2. Gregorian, R. and Temes, G.C., Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal

Processing, John Wiley (2004).

3. Allen, P.E. and Holberg, D.R., CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford

University Press (2002) 2nd ed.

4. Johns, D.A. and Martin, K ., Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley

(2008).

5. Gray, P.R., Hurst, P.J., Lewis, S.H., and Meyer, R.G., Analysis and Design of

Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley (2001) 5th ed.

6. Hastings, A., The Art of Analog Layout, Prentice Hall (2005).

HIGH SPEED VLSI DESIGN ECE522

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction of High Speed VLSI Circuits Design. Back-End-Of -Line Variability Considerations: Ideal and non ideal interconnect issues, Dielectric Thickness and Permittivity. The Method of Logical Effort: Delay in a logic gate, Multi-stage logic networks, Choosing the best number of stages.

UNIT-2

Deriving the Method of Logical Effort: Model of a logic, Delay in a logic gate, Minimizing

delay along a path, Choosing the length of a path, Using the wrong number of stages, Using the

wrong gate size.

Non-Clocked Logic Styles: Static CMOS, DCVS Logic, Non-Clocked Pass Gate

Families. UNIT-3

Clocked Logic Styles: Single-Rail Domino Logic Styles, Dual-Rail Domino Structures,

Latched Domino Structures, Clocked Pass Gate Logic.

Circuit Design Margining: Process Induced Variations, Design Induced Variations,

Application Induced Variations, Noise. UNIT-4

Latching Strategies: Basic Latch Design, Latching single-ended logic, Latching

Differential Logic, Race Free Latches for Pre-charged Logic Asynchronous Latch Techniques.

Interface Techniques: Signaling Standards, Chip-to-Chip Communication Networks,

ESD Protection. UNIT-5 Clocking Styles: Clock Jitter, Clock Skew, Clock Generation, Clock Distribution,

Asynchronous Clocking Techniques. Skew Tolerant Design.

Recommended Books

1. Bernstein, K., Carrig, K.M., Durham, Hansen, C.M., Hogenmiller, E. J., Nowak andRohrer,

N.J., High Speed CMOS Design Styles, Kluwer (2007).

2. Sutherland, I.E., Sproull, B.F. and Harris, D.L., Logical Effort: Designing Fast CMOS

Circuits, Elsevier/MK (1999).

3. Jhonson, H.W., High Speed Digital Design, Prentice Hall PTR (2008).

VLSI DESIGN LAB ECL523

P C

2 1

Combinational Design Exercises

1. Design of Gates

a. Design of AND gate

b. Design of OR gate

c. Design of XOR gate

2. Design of XOR gate using other basic gates

3. Design of 2:1 Mux using other basic gates

4. Design of 2 to 4 Decoder

5. Design of Half-Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor

6. Design of 3:8 Decoder

7. Design of 8:3 Priority Encoder

8. Design of 4 Bit Binary to Grey code Converter

9. Design of 4 Bit Binary to BCD Converter using sequential statement

10. Design an 8 Bit parity generator (with for loop and Generic statements)

11. Design of 2,s Complementer for 8-bit Binary number using Generate statements

Sequential Design Exercises

12. Design of all type of Flip-Flops using ( if-then-else) Sequential Constructs

13. Design of 8-Bit Shift Register with shift Right, Rhisft Left, Load and Synchronous reset.

14. Design of Synchronous 8-bit Johnson Counter.

15. Design of Synchronous 8-Bit universal shift register ( parallel-in, parallel-out) with 3- state

output ( IC 74299)

16. Design of 4 Bit Binary to BCD Converter using sequential statement.

17. Design

a. Mod 3 Counter

b. Mod 5 Counter

c. Mod 7 Counter

d. Mod 8 Counter

e. Mod 16 counter

f. 4 Bit Johnson counter

18. Design a decimal up/down counter that counts up from 00 to 99 or down from 99 to 00.

19. Design 3-line to 8-line decoder with address latch

20. Design of ALU

FOURTH SEMESTER

VLSI TESTING AND VERIFICATION ECE531 L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Faults: Physical Faults and their modeling; Stuck-at faults; Bridging Faults; Fault collapsing,

Fault Simulation; Deductive, Parallel and Concurrent Fault Simulation; Critical Path Tracing.

ATPG for Combinational Circuits: D-Algorithm, Boolean Difference, PODEM; Random,

Exhaustive and Weighted Random Test Pattern Generation; Aliasing and its effecton Fault

Coverage.

UNIT-2

PLA Testing: Cross Point Fault Model and Test Generation.

Memory Testing :Permanent, Intermittent and Pattern Sensitive Faults; Marching Tests;

Delay Faults;

UNIT-3

ATPG for Sequential Circuits; Time Frame Expansion; Controllability and Observability Scan

Design, BILBO, Boundary Scan for Board level Testing; BIST and Totally Self Checking

Circuits; System Level diagnosis.

UNIT-4

Introduction: Concept of Redundancy, Spatial Redundancy, Time Redundancy, Error

Correction Codes; Reconfiguration Techniques; Yield Modeling Reliability and effective area

utilization.

Scope of testing and verification in VLSI design process, Issues in test and verification of

complex chips, embedded cores and SoCs.

UNIT-5

Verification: Design verification techniques based on simulation, analytical and formal

approaches, Functional verification, Timing verification, Formal verification, Basics of

equivalence checking and model checking, Hardware emulation.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Abramovici, M., Breuer, M.A. and Friedman, A.D., Digital Systems Testing and

Testable Design ,Jaico Publishing House(2001).

2. Rashinkar, P., Paterson and Singh, L., System-on-a-Chip VerificationMethodology and

Techniques, Kluwer Academic(2001).

3. Bushnell,M.and Agrawal,V.D.,Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital,

Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits, Kluwer Academic(2000).

4. Kropf, T., Introduction to Formal Hardware Verification, Springer Verla(1999).




9. ECE524 Satellite Communication 3+1+0 4

10. ECE525 Mobile Communication 3+1+0 4

11. ECE526 Cryptography and Wireless Security 3+1+0 4

12. ECL527 Wireless Communication Lab 0+0+1 1

13. Elective-II

14. ECE536 Seminar 0+0+0 2

Total Credits 23

Elective-II

Sr. No. Course


5. ECE526 Ultra Wide Band Communication System 3+1+0 4

6. ECE527 Network Optimization

3+1+0 4


Sr.

No.

Course


5. ECE532

Propagation Models for Wireless

Communication 3+1+0 4


Total Credits 20

Grand Total 76

THIRD SEMESTER


L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1





UNIT-2


applications.




UNIT-3










BOOKS:


Publication

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION ECE539

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

A Brief history of satellite Communication, Satellite Frequency Bands, Satellite Systems,

Applications, Orbital Period and Velocity, effects of Orbital Inclination, Azimuth and

Elevation, Coverage angle and slant Range, Eclipse, Orbital Perturbations, Placement of a

Satellite in a Geo-Stationary orbit.

UNIT-2

Satellite Sub-Systems: Attitude and Orbit Control system, TT&C subsystem, Attitude

Control subsystem, Power systems, Communication subsystems, Satellite Antenna

Equipment.

Satellite Link: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T ratio, Basic

Link Analysis, Interference Analysis, Design of satellite Links for a specified C/N, (With and

without frequency Re-use), Link Budget.

UNIT-3

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) - Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N, Time

Division Multiple Access (TDMA) - Frame Structure, Burst Structure, Satellite Switched

TDMA, On-board Processing, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) – Types of

Demand Assignment, Characteristics, CDMA Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.

UNIT-4

Earth Station Technology: Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems,

Terrestrial Interface, Power Test Methods, Lower Orbit Considerations.

Satellite Navigation and Global Positioning Systems: Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS

Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers, GPS C/A Code Accuracy, Differential GPS.

UNIT-5

Satellite Packet Communications: Message Transmission by FDMA: M/G/1 Queue, Message

Transmission by TDMA, PURE ALOHA-Satellite Packet Switching, Slotted Aloha, Packet

Reservation, Tree Algorithm.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Satellite Communications –Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, 2nd Edition,

2003, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Satellite Communications Engineering – Wilbur, L. Pritchand, Robert A. Nelson and Heuri

G. Suyderhoud, 2nd Ed., Pearson Publications.

3. Digital Satellite Communications-Tri.T.Ha, 2nd Edition, 1990, Mc.Graw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Satellite Communications-Dennis Roddy, 2nd Edition, 1996, McGraw Hill.

2. Satellite Communications: Design Principles – M. Richcharia, 2nd Ed., BSP, 2003.

3. Digital Satellite Communications – Tri. T. Ha, 2nd Ed., MGH, 1990.

4. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications – K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004.

MOBILE COMMUNICATION ECE540

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems: A basic cellular system, performance criteria,

uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, planning a cellular

system, analog & digital cellular systems. General description of the problem, concept of

frequency reuse channels, co-channel interference reduction factor, desired C/I from a normal

case in an Omni directional antenna system, cell splitting, consideration of the components of

cellular systems.

UNIT-2

Introduction to co-channel interference, real time co-channel interference co-channel

measurement design of antenna system, antenna parameter and their effects, diversity

receiver in co-channel interference – different types. General introduction, obtaining the

mobile point to point mode, Radio propagation characteristics: models for path loss,

shadowing and multipath fading, propagation over water or flat open area, foliage loss,

propagation near in distance, long distance propagation, point to point prediction model

characteristics, cell site, antenna heights and signal coverage cells, mobile to mobile

propagation.

UNIT-3

Cell Site Antennas and Mobile Antennas: Characteristics, antenna at cell site, mobile antennas

Frequency management, Channel Assignment and hand off , frequency management, fixed

channel assignment, nonfixed channel assignment, traffic and channel assignment, why hand

off, types of hand off & their characteristics, Hand off analysis, dropped call rates & their

evaluation.

UNIT-4

Operational Techniques: Parameters, coverage hole filler, leaky feeders, cell splitting and

small cells, narrow beam concept. Multiple access techniques used in mobile wireless

communications: FDMA/TDMA, CDMA. FDM/TDM Cellular systems, Cellular CDMA,

soft capacity, Erlang capacity comparison of FDM/TDM systems and Cellular CDMA.

UNIT-5

Discussion of GSM standards; signaling and call control, mobility management; location

tracking. Wireless data networking: Packet error modeling on fading channels, performance

analysis of link and transport layer protocols over wireless channels; mobile data

networking(mobile IP); wireless data in GSM, IS-95, and GPRS.

Text Books:

1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications; 2nd ed.; William, C Y Lee McGraw Hill

2. Wireless and Digital Communications; Dr. Kamilo Feher (PHI)

3. Principles of Mobile Communication, G.LStuber Kluwer Academic, 1996

4. Wireless Communication; Principles and Practice; T.S.Rappaport

Reference Book

1. Mobile Communication Hand Book; 2nd Ed.; IEEE Press

2. Mobile Communication Engineering – Theory & Applications; TMH

3. Microwave mobile Communication, IEEE Press. W. Jakes,

4.A.Viteebi, CDMA, Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Addison Wesley

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND WIRELESS SECURITY ECE541

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Introduction and Symmetric Key Encryption: Attacks-Services-Mechanisms-OSI Security

architecture-Model for Network Security- Symmetric Cipher Model- Substitution and

Transposition Techniques- Simplified DES-DES Block Cipher Principles-The Strength of

DES-Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis-Block Cipher Design Principles

UNIT-2

Number Theory and Public Key Encryption: Prime Numbers-Fermat’s and Euler’s

Theorems-Testing of Primality-The Chinese Remainder Theorem- The RSA Algorithm-Key

Management-Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange.

UNIT-3

Message Authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication Requirements Authentication

functions-message Authentication Codes- Hash Functions- Security of Hash

Functions and MACs-MD5 Message Digest Algorithm-Digital Signatures Authentication

Protocols-Digital Signature Standard.

UNIT-4

Network Security Practice Authentication: Application-Kerberos-Electronic Mail

Security-Pretty Good Privacy-S/MIME-IP Security Overview-IP Security

ArchitectureAuthentication Header Encapsulation Security Payload Web Security

Considerations

UNIT-5

System Security: Intruders- Intrusion Detection-Password Management-Viruses and Related

Threats- Viruses Counter Measures-Firewall Design Principles-Types of Firewalls-Firewalls

Configurations

TEXT BOOKS:

1. William Stallings, ―Cryptography and Network Security-Principles and practice‖, 3rd

Edition Prentice Hall, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J. Mattord, ―Principles of Information security,‖ 1st

Edition, 2003.

2. Bruce Schneier,‖Applied Cryptography,‖ 2nd Edition, Toha Wiley and Sons, 1996.

3. Doughas R.Stinson, ―Cryptography-Theory and Practice,‖ CRC Press,1995OPTICAL

ELECTIVE-I

ULTRA WIDE BAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ECE526

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

UWB: Single-Band Approaches: Overview of Single-Band Approaches, Modulation Techniques,

Multiple Access Techniques, Demodulation Techniques, MIMO Single-Band UWB,

Performance Analysis OFDM System issues: OFDM concept, OFDM model, Time frequency

interpretation, Impairment issues in OFDM systems, Frequency offset, Timing offset, Carrier

phase noise, Multipath issues, ISI issues, PAPR, OFDMA, Frequency Hopping OFDMA,

OFDMA system description

UNIT-2

OFDM System issues: OFDM concept, OFDM model, Time frequency interpretation,

Impairment issues in OFDM systems, Frequency offset, Timing offset, Carrier phase noise,

Multipath issues, ISI issues, PAPR, OFDMA, Frequency Hopping OFDMA, OFDMA system

description,

UNIT-3

UWB: Multiband OFDM Approach: Overview of Multiband OFDM Approach, IEEE 802.15.3a

WPAN Standard Proposal, Physical Layer Design, MAC Layer Design, MIMO Multiband.

UNIT-4

OFDM: MIMO-OFDM Communications, MIMO Multiband OFDM System Model,

Performance Analysis,

UNIT-5

Performance Characterization: System Model, Performance Analysis, Analysis for MIMO

Multiband OFDM systems, Performance Under Practical Considerations: System Model,

Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Average Bit Error Rate, Performance Bound, Differential

Multiband OFDM, Cooperative UWB Multiband OFDM,

Text Books:

OFDM Towards fixed and mobile Broadband Wireless Access by Uma Sankar Jha and Ramjee

Prasad. ARTECH House Publication.

Ultrawideband communications Systems Multiband OFDM Approach By W.Pam Siriwongpairat

and K.J.Ray Liu IEEE Press Publn.

NETWORK OPTIMIZATION ECE527

L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

2G NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GSM)

Radio Network Planning and Optimisation: Radio Network Detailed Planning, Radio Network

Optimisation Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation: Pre-planning in Transmission

Network, Detailed Transmission Network Planning, Transmission Network Optimisation.

Core Network Planning and Optimisation: Core Network Planning Process, Core Network

Optimisation.

UNIT-2

2.5-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (GPRS AND

EDGE): GPRS:Network Planning and Optimisation: GPRS Network Planning, Network

Optimisation.

EDGE:Network Planning and Optimisation: EDGE Network Planning, Network Optimisation.

UNIT-3

THIRD-GENERATION NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION (WCDMA)

3G Radio Network Planning and Optimisation: Radio Network Planning Process, WCDMA

Radio Network Optimisation.

UNIT-4

3G Transmission Network Planning and Optimisation: Basics of Transmission Network

Planning, Transmission Network Planning Process, Dimensioning, Microwave Link Planning,

Detailed Planning, Transmission Network Optimisation.

UNIT-5

Basics of Core Network Planning, Detailed Network Planning, Core Network Optimisation.

Text Books:

Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation 2G/2.5G/3G... Evolution to 4G,

Ajay R. Mishra, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reference :

Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS and LTE, By Lingyang Song,

Jia Shen, CRC Press, ISBN: 9781439806494

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LAB ECL542

P C

2 1

1. Study of wireless Communications using Communication Trainer Kits:

1.a Baseband Communication.

1.b. Adaptive Linear Equalizer.

1. c. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) – Multipath.

1. d Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) – Multiuser.

2. An introduction to basic digital baseband communication through MATLAB simulation

Understanding waveforms and their properties.

3. SDR and lab equipment and introduction to digital measurements.

4. Introduction to wireless radio front-end, radio impairments, and measurement techniques.

5. Digital modulation and modulation domain analysis.

6. Effects of filters in wireless communication systems and investigation of various pulse

shaping filters.

7. Multidimensional signal analysis.

8. Synchronization in wireless systems (time/frequency/phase synchronization and channel

estimation).

9. Wireless channel and channel impact in wireless communication.

FOURTH SEMESTER

PROPAGATION MODELS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ECE543 L T C

3 1 4


Max.Marks:100




UNIT-1

Basic Propagation Models: Reflection, Refraction and Transmission, Rough surface

scattering,

Geometrical optics Principles. Diffraction – Principle and Single Knife Edge Diffraction.

Definition of pathloss. Noise Modelling, Free Space Loss, Plane Earth loss.

UNIT-2

Macro Cells: Definition of parameters, Empirical Path Loss Models, Physical models, ITUR

models, comparison of models. Empirical Models, Physical models, line-of-sight models,

Non-line of sight models.

Pico Cells: Empirical models of propagation with in buildings, physical models of indoor

propagation, Models of Propagation into buildings, Ultra wide band indoor propagation, and

Indoor link budgets, Introduction of Mega cells.

UNIT-3

Mega Cells: Shadowing and Fast fading, Empirical Narrowband models, Statistical Models,

Physical Statistical models for built-up areas, and over all mobile satellite channel model.

Shadowing: Statistical characterization, Physical basis for shadowing, Impact on coverage,

location variability, correlated shadowing.

UNIT-4

Fast Fading: Narrow band fast fading channel, AWGN Channel, Narrow band fading

channel, Rayleigh distribution, Wideband fast fading –Effect of wideband fading, wide band

channel model and parameters.

Overcoming Narrowband Fading: Space diversity, Polarization diversity, Time diversity,

frequency diversity, and combining methods

Overcoming Wideband Fading: System modeling, Linear equalizers, Adaptive Equalizers,

Non Linear Equalizers, Rake receivers, and OFDM receivers.

UNIT-5

Channel Measurements for Mobile Systems: Application for channel measurements,

Impact of Measurement in accuracies, Signal sampling issues, measurement systems,

equipment calibration and validation, outdoor and indoor measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems: Simon R. Saunders,

Alejandro Aragon-Zavala, 2nd Ed. 2007, Wiley Student Edition.

2. Wireless Communication & Networks – Stallings, 2nd Ed., 2009, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Wireless Communications – SAHA – 2nd Edition, 2009.

2. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice – Rappaport, 1st Impression, 2009,

PHI.

3. Mobile Cellular Communications - G. Sashibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2013.

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