csa symposium 2016 - khalil brown - day 2 session 1b
TRANSCRIPT
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
“Bodles Fodder Pellet”
Title: Developing a feed supplementation strategy to enhance livestock production
under prolonged drought conditions, in the humid tropics.
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Research and Development Division: Livestock Research and Improvement Unit
• Objective- Unlock potential through developing technology and Innovation • Current Research (feeding trials, forage
studies, by product processing, genetic conservation)• Projects (Silvopastoral, Hay, CFC, NZ)
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production
• Problems Identified: Impacts on animal physiology and impact on forage-based feeding systems.
• Focus: Interventions to mitigate against fluctuating forage quality and availability
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Impact of Prolonged Drought and Heat on Livestock Production
• Heat Stress• Reduced Dry Matter
Intake • Reduced Growth Rate• Reduced Milk Production• Decreased Fertility • Increase Disease
susceptibility• Death
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Climate Smart Strategies for Implementation
Awareness Strategies• Pay attention to : 1. Weather Forecast 2. Animal Behavior
Mitigation Strategies• Silvopastoral System• Ventilation• Water• Increase feed digestibility and quality• Increase Vitamin C or Niacin level• Selective Breeding for improved resistance
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
R&D Mitigation Strategies:
• Increase feed digestibility and quality
• Selection of heat and drought tolerant breeds of animals
• Fodder conservation• Cultivation of drought
tolerant forages• Establish harmony between
animals and the available resources.
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Research Specific Strategies • Measure specific impacts on livestock systems • Future research into the nature of animal responses
to changes in the environment.
• Very little can be done to change the environment BUT!!!!
• Management interventions can minimize the impact of changing climate on livestock productivity
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Silvopastoral System• Systematic tree, shrub, grass and
livestock combination• Improving livestock(ruminant)
performance and its compatibility with the climate variability through the design and development of silvopastoral systems at paddock and livestock farm scale
• Sustainable Pasture management and improvement activity
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Project and Research Scope• Design site specific systems for farmers• Increase, diversify fodder availability and income• Promotion of a simple sustainable pasture
management system• Measure the impact on production and animal
performance• Measure cost benefits to assess the impacts on the
socio-economic climate that affects the livestock producer ($$).
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Colombia Silvopastoral System
Eucalytus-TimberPanicum Maximum
Challenge-Farmers in Colombia are now entering the cattle production, the reverse is applied for Jamaican Farmers
Long term Crop- TimberShort term Crop- Livestock
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Economic Benefit
Mulberry
Moringa
Timber
AckeeMango
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Fodder ConservationDuring period off excess our objective is to ensure
quality fodder is stored. Harvesting and storage strategy is a must. Live storage – fodder bankDrying - HayEnsiling Pellet
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Fodder Pelletizing Project• Formulate a forage based pellet utilizing grass and shrubs
harvested at optimal stage of development. • This experiment evaluated the effect of year, seasonal variation
and cutting interval on the nutrient content, determined by proximate analysis, of five grass forages.
• The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance of various forage species and varieties and to determine the best utilization strategy for conserving fodder by creating a forage pellet.
• Quality evaluation was done via proximate analysis
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Dwarf Napier (Pennisetum purpureum)
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) var. Green
PanicDwarf Elephant var. Mott (Pennisetum purpureum)
Elephant var. Merkeron grass (Pennisetum
purpureum)
King Grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Investigative parameters:Cutting Intevals-4,6,8 weeksSeason Variation- Quarterly
Nutrient Profile: Crude Protein, Fibre, Dry matter,
Organic Matter
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Results• Average crude protein for selected forages was 8% over the
three year period, dry matter and neutral detergent fibre were 70% and 48% respectively.
151413
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Year
ND
F
Boxplot of NDFSpecies = King Grass
151413
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Year
DM
Boxplot of DMSpecies = King Grass
151413
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
YearCP
Boxplot of CPSpecies = King Grass
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
The nutritive value of forages varied significantly over cutting interval and time of year (P < 0.05). Interactive effects that showed significant (P<0.05) impact on crude protein were evaluated to determine ideal harvesting times for good quality forage.
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
Species
Mean o
f CP
Interval Quarter
Main Effects Plot for CPFitted Means
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Benefits of Fodder Pellet
• Increases dry matter intake • Increase utilization of ingredients• Reduce storage capacity • Sustainable Practice – Raw
materials are available
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Benefits of Fodder Pellets• Can be fed to many classes of livestock– Poultry– Horses– Pigs– Sheep – Goat – Rabbits – Guinea pigs
Research and Development DivisionLivestock Research and Improvement Unit
Conclusion• The “Bodles Fodder Pellet” is a viable option for
feeding livestock in the tropics. • Optimal harvesting strategies can maximize the
quality of forage obtained for pelletizing. • Cost benefits of feed cost as well as alternative
products from silvo-pastoral system realized. • Further research into in cooperating high protein
plants into the fodder pellet.