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Microcontroller & ApplicationsWeek 1Week 1

Instructor:

Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus HP: +92 (0) 300 240 8943Email: [email protected]: s s d@ q .ed .p

© Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus

MCS-51 Based Embedded SystemCourse Out LineCourse Out Line

Week-1• Basics of Electronics

A l l i• Analog electronics• Digital electronics• Power Supply designing • Series regulator based supplies. • Switch Mode regulator based supplies. (Buck & Boost converters) g pp ( )

Week-2• Specification of Digital System (TTL, CMOS, BIMOS & ECL) • Classification of Digital Devices • Basics Sequential Devices (Microprocessors PLCs & Micro controllers)• Basics Sequential Devices. (Microprocessors, PLCs & Micro controllers) • Basics of Combinational Devices. (PLDs)

Week-3• Brief overview of RISC based & CISC based Microcontroller. • Detail lecture on the Architecture of MCS-51 based Microcontroller. • Detail lecture on the Memory Management. • Lecture on the Effective utilizations of I/O Ports.

Week-4Week 4• Detail lecture on the Command set of Assembly Language.

© Copy right by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus

MCS-51 Based Embedded SystemCourse Out Line Continue …

• Lecture on the interfacing Techniques of LEDs, Seven Segment Displays, Switches & Relay using Assembly Language.

• Lecture on the professional Hardware Designing.

Week-5• Lectures on the Different Modes of the Timers in the MCS-51 based controllers. • Lecture on the proficient usage of Timers. • Practical Projects related Timers applications.j pp

Week-6• Lectures on the Timer’s Interrupt of the MCS-51 based controllers. • Lectures on the External Interrupts of the MCS-51 based controllers.

P ti l P j t l t d Ti d t l i t t• Practical Projects related Timers and external interrupts.

Week-7• Lecture on the difference b/w the Parallel and Serial Communications. • Detail lectures on different Protocols of Serial Communications. • Lectures on the Different Modes of the Serial Communications using interrupt and without interrupt in the

MCS-51 based controllers. • Lecture Serial interfacing techniques with Microprocessor and Slave Micro controllers

Week-8Week 8• Advance interfacing Techniques using LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Stepper Motors, ADC & DAC


Few Consideration …..

The Eight weeks are not sufficient to cover this whole course, we have to do hard work form the begging of the course

Please do all the assignments on time

E h d d l iEach students develop own trainer.

Please don’t take any sort of leave during the course.

If any Query Ask during the class, don’t wait for the end of the class

Thi i GPA i i C d d h b iThis is not GPA gaining Course try to understand the basic concepts

During or after this course feel free to email your queries


Expectations ….

If you work hard and did all assignmentson time then…

• On completion of this course your are able to under stand the programming

• Able to understand the Circuit diagrams

• Able to design small Controller base applicationAble to design small Controller base application

• Able to write firmware in Assemble and C languages

• Able to fabricate and test the hardware.

• Easily Understand the Architecture of other Controller with small change


Week-1Week 1

B i f El i• Basics of Electronics

• Analog electronics

• Digital electronics

• Power Supply designing

• Series regulator based supplies.

• Switch Mode regulator based supplies (Buck & Boost converters)Switch Mode regulator based supplies. (Buck & Boost converters)

© Copy right by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus Week-1

Why basics …Typical Application

of Embedded System has

• Few Digital Inputs & Outputs

• Few Analog Inputs for Sensors

• Few Analog outputs for Actuators

• Parallel channels PCI LPTParallel channels PCI, LPT …

• Serial channels I2C, RS232, RS485-422, SPI, USB, JTAG, Ethernet …

• Wireless channels Bluetooth, Wi-fi, Infrared, RF …

• Display LED, LCD, VGA …


Basics of ElectronicsWhat is Electronics …

• Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors resistors inductors capacitors nano-structures and vacuum tubes Allsemiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of either information or power. Although considered to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuitsto solve practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronics engineering and computer engineering.

3-kV SiC pn diode at a forward current of 5 A. The typical, blue light visibly indicates the flow of current in forward operation 3-kV SiC pn diode at a

Quantum Interference Effect Transistor (QuIET)


current in forward operation 3 kV SiC pn diode at a forward current of 5 A. The typical, blue light visibly indicates the flow of current in forward operation

(Q )http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/?m=200608

Analog electronics

• In analog electronics, the signals to be manipulated take the form of continuous currents or voltages. The information in the signal is carried by the value of the current or voltage at a particular time t. Some examples g y g p pof analog electronic signals are amplitude-modulated (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) radio broadcast signals, thermocouple temperature data signals, and standard audio cassette recording signals.


EEG Signals

Sinusoidal wave

• Half wave RectifierVdc = 0.318 Vp

• Full wave Rectifier

Vdc = 0.636 Vp

• Supply Design


Continues ….

• Typical Power Supply design


Brain Storming …g

• Draw the wave form of AC Vrms=220Volts

• What is the difference of Vdc & Vrms

• Why Computer don’t work on Analog Voltage levels


Quick Review …Quick Review …

• Diodes

• Transistors

Th i t• Thyristors

• OpAmp

• Converters


Electronics Devices

• Two layer device called Diode

• Three layer device called Transistor

F L d i ll d Th i• Four Layer device called Thyristors


Electronics Devices continues …Electronics Devices continues …

• Which one is Thyristor

• SCR, Triac, GTO, Diac, IGBTSCR, Triac, GTO, Diac, IGBT


Operation AmplifierOperation AmplifierThe term operational amplifier or "op-amp" refers to a class of high-gain DC coupled amplifiers with two inputs and a single output. The operational amplifier (op-amp) was designed to perform mathematical operations. Although now superseded by the digital computer, op-amps are a common feature of modern analog electronics The modern integrated circuit version is typified by the famous 741 op-amp. Some of the general characteristics of the IC version are:

• High gain, on the order of a million

• High input impedance, low output impedance

• Used with split supply, usually +/- 15V

• Used with feedback, with gain determined by the feedback network


Positive FeedbackTh f i i f db k i f l f d i ill Th di i f• The use of positive feedback is useful for producing oscillators. The condition for positive feedback is that a portion of the output is combined in phase with the input. For an amplifier with positive feedback the gain is given by the expression below Th l l i f k i i i bl h h di i• The large open loop gain of an op-amp makes it inevitable that the condition

• will be reached, and the gain expression becomes infinite • Practically speaking, the gain which applies at low signal amplitudes will be reduced

l h l d h l h l luntil the output amplitude reaches some constant value. However, that limiting value will be independent of input, allowing the circuit to produce a designed output

N t : Th G in f N n in rtin Amplifi r l r t r th n n


Note: The Gain of Non inverting Amplifier always greater than one

Differential AmplifiersDifferential Amplifiers• The differential amplifier amplifies the difference between two input signals (-) and

(+). This amplifier is also referred to as a differential-input single-ended output amplifier It is a precision voltage difference amplifier and forms the central basis ofamplifier. It is a precision voltage difference amplifier, and forms the central basis of more sophisticated instrumentation amplifier circuits.

• A differential amplifier is shown in figure. The voltage is given by (cf. voltage divider)

Note: for inverting amplification negative voltages are requiredare required


The instrumentation amplifier• As suggested before it is beneficial to be able to adjust the gain of the amplifier circuit without having toAs suggested before, it is beneficial to be able to adjust the gain of the amplifier circuit without having to

change more than one resistor value, as is necessary with the previous design of differential amplifier. The so-called instrumentation builds on the last version of differential amplifier to give us that capability:.

• This intimidating circuit is constructed from a buffered differential amplifier stage with three new resistors li ki h b ff i i h C id ll i b f l l f R i Thlinking the two buffer circuits together. Consider all resistors to be of equal value except for R gain. The negative feedback of the upper-left op-amp causes the voltage at point 1 (top of R gain) to be equal to V1. Likewise, the voltage at point 2 (bottom of R gain) is held to a value equal to V2. This establishes a voltage drop across R gain equal to the voltage difference between V1 and V2. That voltage drop causes a current through R gain, and since the feedback loops of the two input op-amps draw no current, that same amount of current through R gain must be going through the two "R" resistors above and below it. This produces a voltage drop between points 3 and 4 equal to:

Note: Instrument Amp is very p yimportant application of opamp extensively used in signal conditioning of Biomedical signals and precise transducers


transducers

Brain Storming …g

Design Problem …

• You have one opamp and only 0V to +V available tell me how to design the attenuator circuitto design the attenuator circuit


Power Supply Design For Portable Applications

Series/ Linear Power Supplies

Switch mode Power supplies

• Buck Converters

• Boost Converters• Boost Converters

• Buck-Boost Converters


Power Supply design for Portable Applications

S i / Li P S liSeries/ Linear Power Supplies


Series/ Linear Regulator ModelSeries/ Linear Regulator Model


Power Supply design continue ….Linear

Regulators

National Semiconductor

ON Semiconductor NXP Linear

TechnologySemiconductor

LM317

Semiconductor

CAT62XX NX1117XXX

Technology

LT300X

LM337/237 LV56XXX LT1120X

LM723

LM78XX

NCP45XX

NCV86XX

LT158X

LT3150LM78XX

LM79XX

NCV86XX LT3150


Power Supply design for portable application

Switch Mode Power Supplies


Switching Power SupplySwitching Power Supply


Power Supply design continue ….Switching Regulators


LM2267X

Texas Instrument

LM2575

ON Semiconductors

LA57XX

Linear Technology

LTM80XX


LM20XXXLM2267X

LM310X

LM2575

SG352X

LA57XX

TN5DXXX

LTM80XX

LTM46XX

LM20XXX

LM30XXX

LM25XX MC33XX CS514XX LM25XXX

LM557X


Assignment # 1Assignment # 1

• Why Switch mode power supplies are more efficient

then linear power supplies


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