CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS IN MALES

MARYAM JAMILAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID082013100002

IMS BANGALORE

INTRODUCTIONThe deliberate prevention of conception or impreg

nation by any of techniques, drugs

or devices(Birth control)

Contraceptive methods in males

1. Conventional method

2. Coitus interruptus

3. Male pill

4. Vasectomy

5. Injection

1) Conventional method• Requires at the time of coiter

CONDOM (failure: 3.6%)

Made up from latex or polyurethane

Prevent live sperm from meeting the secondary oocyte

Easy to use

Free from side-effects

Provide protection against sexually transmitted

diseases (STD)

2) Coitus interruptus (failure: 6.7%)

Definition:

Withdraw the penis from the vagina and away

from a woman's external genitals before

ejaculation to prevent pregnancy

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Free Slightest mistake in timing can cause pregnancy

Readily available Some amount of sperms might present in pre-ejaculation liquid

No side effect Withdrawal disrupts sexual pleasure

Doesn’t need fitting

Doesn’t need prescription

*Precautions:

-Properly time withdrawal

-Take precautions before coiter again

3) Male Pill

Gossypol

• A chemical found in the seeds of cotton plants

• 15-20 mg is used daily for 12-16 weeks, followed

by a maintenance dose of 7.5-10 mg per day

• Starve the cells

– Low to zero sperm count

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDoes not affect libido Hypokalemia

Incomplete reversibility

4) Vasectomy (failure: 0.02%)

Definition:

A minor surgical procedure to cut, clamp or seal

the vas deferens (right & left) to prevent

sperms going into the semen

3 DIFFERENT WAYS IN VASECTOMY

a. No-Scalpel Vasectomy; Key-Hole Vasectomy

– The surgeon locates the vas deferens by sensing the scrotum.

– A numbing medication is given to the patient.– The surgeon makes a tiny hole in the scrotum using a

sharp hemostat instead of a scalpel.– The surgeon may pull the vas deferens through the

small hole to tie it or cut it.– Stitches are not required, and the incision heals quickly.

b. Open-Ended Vasectomy

– The patient’s scrotum is shaved and cleaned.

– A numbing medication is given into the area.

– A small surgical cut is made in the upper part of the scrotum.

– The vas deferens is tied and cut.

– The testicular end of the vas deferens is not sealed. This allows sperm to stream continuously into the scrotum.

– The incision is closed using stitches or skin glue.

– Open-ended vasectomy may prevent pressure in

the epididymis and testicular pain caused by back

pressure.

c. Vas-Clip Vasectomy

– The patient’s scrotum is shaved and cleaned.– A numbing medication is given into the area.– A small surgical cut is made in the upper part of

the scrotum.– The vas deferens is squeezed shut with a clip to

stop the flow of sperm.– The incision is closed using stitches or skin glue.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Safe and convenient method Reversible but success rate only 50% to rejoin the vas deferens

Cheap for long term Does not protect against STD

Have to wait for few months to confirm zero sperm count in

semen

5) Injection• Reversible inhibition of sperm under

guidance (RISUG)– Synthetic polymer styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)– Injection into the vas deferens– Anhydride and hydrolizes in the presence of water in

the spermatic fluid becomes a hydride and has a positive charge.

– This disturbs the negative charge of the sperm membrane on contact

– Membranes of the sperm to burst– Still in clinical trials

• Vasalgel– Injecting the non-hormonal polymer into the vas

deferens– Polymer hyrogel that blocks sperm from coming

out of the body– Reversible• Another injection of a different substance to flush out

the polymer.

– Less invasive than a vasectomy– Still in clinical trials

REFERENCES• AK JAIN,MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY TEXTBOOK, 3rd EDITION• GANONG 23rd EDITION• HIRALAL KONAR, DC DUTTA’S TEXTBOOK OF

OBSTETRICS• http://kidshealth.org/teen/expert/birth_control/effecti

ve_condoms.html• http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/withdraw

al-method/basics/what-you-can-expect/prc-20020661• http://www.newmalecontraception.org/risug/• http://malecontraceptives.org/methods/risug.php• http://www.parsemusfoundation.org/vasalgel-home/• http://malecontraceptives.org/methods/gossypol.php