contraceptive options
DESCRIPTION
Contraceptive Options. Abstinence Withdrawal (Coitus Interuptus)/Rhythm Spermicides Male Condom Female Condom Diaphragm/Cervical Cap Birth Control Pill Norplant Depo-Provea Intrauterine Device (IUD) Ovral >The morning after pill Nuva Ring - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Contraceptive OptionsContraceptive Options AbstinenceAbstinence Withdrawal (Coitus Interuptus)/Rhythm Withdrawal (Coitus Interuptus)/Rhythm SpermicidesSpermicides Male Condom Male Condom Female Condom Female Condom Diaphragm/Cervical CapDiaphragm/Cervical Cap Birth Control PillBirth Control Pill NorplantNorplant Depo-ProveaDepo-Provea Intrauterine Device (IUD)Intrauterine Device (IUD) Ovral >The morning after pillOvral >The morning after pill Nuva RingNuva Ring Vasectomy / Tubal LigationVasectomy / Tubal Ligation Emergency ContraceptionEmergency Contraception
AbstinenceAbstinence Refraining from any Refraining from any
oral, anal, or vaginal oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse intercourse (penetration)(penetration)
Refraining from sexual Refraining from sexual behavior that involves behavior that involves the exchange of bodily the exchange of bodily fluids:vaginal, anal, fluids:vaginal, anal, oraloral
Advantages:Advantages:
1.1. No physical side No physical side effectseffects
2.2. Can be used anytimeCan be used anytime
3.3. Nothing to purchaseNothing to purchase
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
1.1. Requires Requires commitment & commitment & self-controlself-control
2.2. Peer pressurePeer pressure
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:
100 %100 %
Withdrawal (coitus Withdrawal (coitus interuptus)/Rhythm interuptus)/Rhythm
MethodMethod The act of “pulling out The act of “pulling out
when it tingles”when it tingles” Trying to time withdrawl Trying to time withdrawl
of penis before of penis before ejaculation .ejaculation .
Based on a women’s cycleBased on a women’s cycle
Advantages:Advantages:1.1. No cost, no preparation No cost, no preparation
involvedinvolved2.2. Available as last resortAvailable as last resort
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:1.1. Dependent on male Dependent on male
partnerpartner2.2. Sperm exist in Pre-Sperm exist in Pre-
Ejaculate fluid. Ejaculate fluid. 2.2. Requires commitment Requires commitment
& great control& great control3.3. No protection No protection
against STI”s against STI”s Effectiveness:Effectiveness:Highly dependent on Highly dependent on
individual user individual user
Barrier MethodsBarrier Methods
Provide a Barrier Provide a Barrier of Protection of Protection between body between body fluids.fluids.
1. Male Condom1. Male Condom 2. Female Condom2. Female Condom 3. 3. Diaphram/Cervical Diaphram/Cervical CapCap
Male CondomMale Condom
Thin membrane made of latex, Thin membrane made of latex, polyurethane, or polyurethane, or sheepskin that fits over sheepskin that fits over the erect penisthe erect penis
Advantages:Advantages:1.1. Available w/out Available w/out
prescriptionprescription2.2. Offers protection from Offers protection from
STI’sSTI’s3.3. Easy to carry & useEasy to carry & use4.4. InexpensiveInexpensive
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
1.1. Male controlled Male controlled methodmethod
2.2. May “forget” to May “forget” to useuse
3.3. May break if May break if used incorrectlyused incorrectly
4.4. May interfere May interfere with the momentwith the moment
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:
98% if used 98% if used correctlycorrectly
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Female CondomFemale CondomPolyurethane pouch that Polyurethane pouch that
fits inside a fits inside a woman’s vaginawoman’s vagina
Advantages:Advantages:1.1. SafeSafe2.2. Available w/out Available w/out
prescriptionprescription3.3. Easy to carry & useEasy to carry & use4.4. Polyurethane is Polyurethane is
strong, conducts strong, conducts body heat easily, & body heat easily, & rarely breaksrarely breaks
5.5. Protects against Protects against STI’sSTI’s
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
1.1. May be difficult May be difficult to useto use
2.2. May become May become dislodged during dislodged during intercourseintercourse
3.3. ExpensiveExpensive
4.4. May make noiseMay make noise
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:
75% - 95% if used 75% - 95% if used correctlycorrectly
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SpermicidesSpermicides
(foam, cream, (foam, cream, jelly)jelly)
A chemical that A chemical that kills spermkills sperm
Advantages:Advantages:
1.1. Available w/out Available w/out prescriptionprescription
2.2. Minimal health riskMinimal health risk
3.3. Easy to carry & useEasy to carry & use
4.4. Some protection Some protection against STI’sagainst STI’s
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:1.1. Timing > must Timing > must
insert close to insert close to intercourseintercourse
2.2. May cause an May cause an allergic reactionallergic reaction
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:75% - 80% if used 75% - 80% if used
correctlycorrectly98% if used with a 98% if used with a
condomcondom
Diaphragm/Cervical CapDiaphragm/Cervical Cap A shallow rubber cap A shallow rubber cap
w/ a rim made of fine, w/ a rim made of fine, flexible springs that flexible springs that fits perfectly across fits perfectly across the upper vagina the upper vagina covering the entire covering the entire cervix. Must use w/ cervix. Must use w/ spermicidespermicide
Advantages:Advantages:
1.1. Can be used before Can be used before intercourseintercourse
2.2. Inexpensive, can be Inexpensive, can be re-usedre-used
3.3. No hormonal or No hormonal or chemical changes in chemical changes in the bodythe body
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:1.1. Requires Requires
fitting/prescriptionfitting/prescription
2.2. May “forget” to useMay “forget” to use
3.3. May be difficult to May be difficult to useuse
4.4. Must be left in 6-8 Must be left in 6-8 hours after hours after intercourseintercourse
5.5. Minimal protection Minimal protection against STI’sagainst STI’s
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:82% - 95% if used 82% - 95% if used
correctlycorrectly
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Birth Control PillBirth Control Pill
Pills create change in Pills create change in the menstrual cycle the menstrual cycle that interrupt normal that interrupt normal patterns of ovulation patterns of ovulation & implantation, thus & implantation, thus preventing pregnancypreventing pregnancy
Advantages:Advantages:1.1. Continuous protection Continuous protection
against pregnancyagainst pregnancy2.2. ReversibleReversible3.3. Protects against Protects against
painful irregular painful irregular periods, ovarian & periods, ovarian & endometrial cancer, & endometrial cancer, & infections of the infections of the fallopian tubesfallopian tubes
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:1.1. Must remember to Must remember to
taketake2.2. Not suitable for all Not suitable for all
(risk of stroke)(risk of stroke)3.3. Possible side- Possible side-
effects (nausea, effects (nausea, weight gain)weight gain)
4.4. No protection No protection against STI’s against STI’s
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:97% - 99% if used correctly97% - 99% if used correctly
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DEPO-PROVEA and DEPO-PROVEA and LUNELLE/InjectionsLUNELLE/Injections
Injection of long-Injection of long-acting progestin. acting progestin.
It acts by It acts by creating creating conditions in the conditions in the uterus that are uterus that are inhospitable for inhospitable for embryo embryo implantation.implantation.
Effectiveness: 99+Effectiveness: 99+%%
ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: Continuous protection Continuous protection
against pregnancy for 3 against pregnancy for 3 months months
Nothing to rememberNothing to remember Menstruation ceases for Menstruation ceases for
over 50% of womenover 50% of women ConfidentialConfidentialDISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: Visit to clinical every 3 Visit to clinical every 3
months months Non-reversible until Non-reversible until
effects wear offeffects wear off Return to fertility may Return to fertility may
take several monthstake several months No protection against STI’sNo protection against STI’s Available only to older Available only to older
women who have had a babywomen who have had a baby
NorplantNorplant Consists of 6 Consists of 6
slender silicone slender silicone rubber capsules that rubber capsules that contain a steroid contain a steroid called Leungestrel called Leungestrel (form of progestin) (form of progestin) inhibits ovulation inhibits ovulation
Advantages:Advantages:
1.1. Continuous Continuous protection against protection against pregnancy for 5 yrs.pregnancy for 5 yrs.
2.2. ReversibleReversible
3.3. Nothing to rememberNothing to remember
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
1.1. ExpensiveExpensive
2.2. Minor surgical Minor surgical procedureprocedure
3.3. Irregular menstrual Irregular menstrual bleedingbleeding
4.4. Possible difficulty Possible difficulty in removingin removing
5.5. Possible weight gainPossible weight gain
6.6. Less effective in Less effective in woman more than woman more than 155lbs155lbs
Effectiveness:Effectiveness:
99% 99%
Nuva RingNuva Ring
A flexible vaginal A flexible vaginal ring that contains ring that contains hormones that hormones that stops the ovaries stops the ovaries from releasing an from releasing an eggegg
ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES:
-Don’t have to -Don’t have to remember to take remember to take pillspills
DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES:
-Expensive-Expensive
-Has to be prescribed -Has to be prescribed by a doctorby a doctor
-Doesn’t protect -Doesn’t protect against STD’s against STD’s
EFFECTIVENESS:EFFECTIVENESS:
99% if used correctly99% if used correctly
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INTRAUTERINE DEVICE INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)(IUD)
TWO TYPES USED IN THE US:TWO TYPES USED IN THE US:1.1. PROGESTASERTPROGESTASERT-contains -contains
progestin which is progestin which is gradually released.gradually released.
2.2. TCu38OATCu38OA-contains copper-contains copper
Both are inserted into the Both are inserted into the uterus by the physicianuterus by the physician
The actual way they work is The actual way they work is unknown but the hypothesis unknown but the hypothesis is IUD’s interfere with the is IUD’s interfere with the movement of the egg through movement of the egg through the fallopian tube or with the fallopian tube or with the mobility of the spermthe mobility of the sperm
Effectiveness: 97%Effectiveness: 97%
ADVANTAGES:ADVANTAGES: Continuous protection Continuous protection
against pregnancy for up to against pregnancy for up to 8 years8 years
ReversibleReversible Nothing to rememberNothing to remember
DISADVANTAGES:DISADVANTAGES: Limited useLimited use Increase risk of PIDIncrease risk of PID May be expelled or May be expelled or
perforate from uterusperforate from uterus No protection against STI’sNo protection against STI’s Prescription requiredPrescription required
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Rhythm Method/Periodic Rhythm Method/Periodic AbstinenceAbstinence Act of trying to Act of trying to
pinpoint the day of pinpoint the day of Ovulation!Ovulation!
Ovulation = when egg is Ovulation = when egg is released from ovary. released from ovary. When a women is FertileWhen a women is Fertile
Occurs 14 Days Occurs 14 Days before before 1st day of Menstral 1st day of Menstral CycleCycle
Advantages:Good method for couples who are trying to get who are trying to get pregnant.pregnant.
Also helps people who are Also helps people who are not trying to have a not trying to have a baby lessen chances.baby lessen chances.
Free, Natural, Free, Natural, contraceptive option contraceptive option that doesn’t interfere that doesn’t interfere with religious beliefs.with religious beliefs.
Disadvantages:Disadvantages: Requires Careful Requires Careful planningplanning
Women have irregular, Women have irregular, unpredictable menstrual unpredictable menstrual cycles, don’t know when cycles, don’t know when ovulation occursovulation occurs
Cycles can be irregular Cycles can be irregular do to Stress, Diet, do to Stress, Diet, Exercise, Medications. Exercise, Medications. Making her ability to Making her ability to pinpoint Ovulation pinpoint Ovulation difficultdifficult
Sperm can live inside Sperm can live inside vaginal canal up to 24-vaginal canal up to 24-48 hrs.48 hrs.
No Protection from No Protection from STD’sSTD’s
Permanent Contraceptive Permanent Contraceptive Procedures!Procedures!
VasectomyVasectomy Male Surgical Male Surgical ProcedureProcedure
Tying of Vas Tying of Vas Deferens to Deferens to prevent the prevent the release of Spermrelease of Sperm
In some cases can In some cases can be reversed. be reversed. Return to Return to fertility is not fertility is not guaranteed.guaranteed.
Tubal LigationTubal Ligation Female Surgical Female Surgical ProcedureProcedure
Tying of Fallopian Tying of Fallopian Tubes to prevent Tubes to prevent implantation of Eggimplantation of Egg
**Typically used by **Typically used by couples or couples or individuals who are individuals who are done having children.done having children.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION PILLS EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION PILLS “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”“THE MORNING AFTER PILL”
Hormonal PillsHormonal Pills Taken within 72 hours Taken within 72 hours or up to 5 hours or up to 5 hours after unprotected after unprotected intercourseintercourse
Interrupts the Interrupts the menstrual cyclemenstrual cycle
2 doses of pills2 doses of pills Plan B or Preven are Plan B or Preven are 2 examples of 2 examples of Emergency Emergency ContraceptionContraception
Should NOT be relied Should NOT be relied on as an Opiton. on as an Opiton. Only in an EmergencyOnly in an Emergency
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
-Nausea, vomitting-Nausea, vomitting
- not guaranteed to work- not guaranteed to work AdvantagesAdvantages
- Prevents unwanted - Prevents unwanted pregnancypregnancy
- Available over the - Available over the counter at a pharmacy 17 counter at a pharmacy 17 or over.or over.
- Under 17 needs a - Under 17 needs a PerscriptionPerscription
EFFECTIVENESS:EFFECTIVENESS:
- - 85%85%